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"b6glK92PIl4qwERi8og9pOTATvU1zwvXWOA/u3GsQNY="	en	fr	[ "A S", "1", "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE POSITION OF TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/403/Add.1", "S/26450/Add.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ARABIC/ENGLISH/", "FRENCH/RUSSIAN", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD EXTRA RETURNS.GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 87", "COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE WHOLE", "QUESTION OF PEACE-KEEPING", "OPERATIONS IN ALL THEIR ASPECTS", "Improving the capacity of the United Nations for peace-keeping", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "CONTENTS", "Page", "I. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES 1/ ........................... 3", "Australia ........................................................ 3", "France ........................................................... 3", "Namibia .......................................................... 10", "Qatar ............................................................ 11", "Russian Federation ............................................... 12", "Sweden ........................................................... 17", "Thailand ......................................................... 19", "__________", "1/ The replies have been reproduced as received. The designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities.", "93-50509 (E) 091193 /...", "CONTENTS (continued)", "Page", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ............. 21", "Yugoslavia ....................................................... 29", "II. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ............ 36", "Association of South-East Asian Nations .......................... 36", "Commonwealth Secretariat ......................................... 39", "I. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES", "AUSTRALIA", "[Original: English]", "[6 August 1993]", "1. \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) points to the rapid evolution in the nature of peace-keeping operations in recent years. Mandates have become more complex and the size and make-up of peace-keeping forces as well as the number of operations in place at any one time are of a quite different order to that experienced for the first 40 years of the United Nations.", "2. This expansion of peace-keeping and the diversification of peace-keepers' roles has occurred largely without debate or explicit consensus on the appropriate role for the United Nations and other bodies or on the desirable political and practical limits to peace-keeping.", "3. Peace-keeping demands have outstripped the current planning and logistical capacity of the United Nations. They present Member States with increasing financial and human resource demands. It is widely recognized that the United Nations is overstretched, with a level of organization, resources and procedures no longer adequate to cope with the demands made of it.", "4. There is, therefore, growing reason to agree on more predictable conditions for deploying peace-keeping operations and to define more clearly the realistic limits to what the United Nations can be expected to achieve.", "5. The Government of Australia is currently developing its views on how these conditions could best be articulated. At the same time, it fully supports efforts to enhance the effectiveness of United Nations peace-keeping. It welcomes the recent reforms to strengthen the Secretariat's capacity for planning, logistics and command and control of peace-keeping. Australia will continue to play an active role in discussion and development of proposals by Member States in consultation with the Secretary-General on practical steps to improve the effectiveness of peace-keeping.", "FRANCE", "[Original: French]", "[28 July 1993]", "1. France has taken note with satisfaction of the report of the Secretary‑General dated 15 June 1993 (S/25944) on implementation of the recommendations contained in \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111). It is pleased at the measures already taken.", "2. In accordance with the wishes expressed by the Secretary-General, the French Government wishes to contribute to the thinking on the subject and to communicate its views as follows:", "I. ENHANCED PREPARATION OF PEACE-KEEPING OPERATIONS", "Strengthening of the Secretariat", "3. France welcomes the substantial increase in staff and the enhancement of the infrastructures of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations. Such efforts should be continued in both the civilian and military divisions of that Department. Such enhancement, which is a universally recognized imperative, is essential in order to respond to the continual increase in peace-keeping operations, which require constant political and military follow-up.", "4. Similarly, the French Government gives its unreserved approval to the dispatch by the Secretary-General of fact-finding missions to areas where the international Organization is, or may be, called upon to intervene. As underscored by the Secretary-General in his report of 15 June 1993, the mass of information collected by those missions, or communicated by Member States, should be dealt with efficiently. For that reason, it also appears indispensable to continue to strengthen the resources of the Secretariat, in particular the Military Adviser's Office and the situation room of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations.", "Improved military planning", "5. The function of military planning is today as crucial as political follow‑up on the various conflicts in existence. The United Nations is being induced to deploy peace-keeping missions in which countries with diverse military traditions participate. It must therefore have more effective monitoring - and eventually planning - structures in order to anticipate crisis situations, to react rapidly and to facilitate initial planning of operations in accordance with the very specific constraints of the United Nations.", "6. Efforts should be exerted along three specific lines:", "(a) Even before the Member States make their contributions known, an initial operational concept should be drawn up on the basis of an enhanced military audit and, eventually, of a planning outline, in collaboration with the competent special representative of the Secretary-General. This should make it possible to improve the quality and reliability of the implementation plan for the military aspect of the mandate, which is usually described in the report of the Secretary-General setting the scope of action for each mission. That is why there should be a gradual establishment of a new structure attached to the Secretariat and made up of officers with sound planning experience. That structure should be of a size that is compatible with the flexibility expected of it;", "(b) As soon as the principle of a deployment is established, the structure should be strengthened as soon as possible by representatives of the contributing States who are entrusted with the preparation of operational planning as such, in liaison with the military staff to be deployed on the ground;", "(c) Furthermore, global planning cells already exist in a number of multilateral, political and military organizations, in particular in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Western European Union. Contacts and exchanges of views between the United Nations and those organizations, whose experience and skills are widely recognized, are necessary and should be developed, in particular for the operation zones covered by those organizations, and in the event that they should be called upon to intervene directly at the request of the United Nations. Such exchanges should allow the emergence of complementarity, which may prove indispensable if and when the experts and troops of those organizations find themselves working side by side with the United Nations on the ground.", "Greater efforts in the direction of contributing countries", "7. The major troop-contributing countries have regularly expressed their desire to be informed, in the course of a mission, of the general directions and operational decisions taken. The French Government understands those requests and feels that it would be useful for an informal follow-up committee, comprising diplomatic and military representatives of the countries participating in the mission in question, to be very regularly informed and, where necessary, consulted by the Department of Peace-keeping Operations regarding the decisions taken or under consideration. In short, if it is necessary to enhance the Secretariat's capacity for analysis, planning and follow-up, it is logical that the contributing countries should also be collectively better informed of the progress of the mission.", "Better logistics", "8. The United Nations is increasingly being called upon by the international community to intervene very rapidly in situations of crisis or humanitarian emergency. This increased responsibility means that the reaction time of the Organization should be correspondingly swifter. Such a requirement presupposes that the Organization should at all times have at its disposal the necessary equipment for the speedy organization of a mission. That is why it appears necessary to strengthen the logistic potential of the United Nations.", "9. The stocking of arms and ammunition requires costly maintenance and the availability of qualified personnel who are familiar with the equipment they are handling. For such reasons in particular, it is preferable that, in general, military equipment should remain under the exclusive responsibility of the Member States.", "10. However, recent experience shows that certain needs are constant from one mission to another. Peace-keeping involves the use of certain very specific types of equipment with which the contingents called upon to serve as \"blue helmets\" are not systematically supplied and which are liable to be used in extremely diverse theatres of operations. That is true of both non-military equipment (prefabricated buildings, radios, telephones, vehicles, ...) and of certain military equipment (military communications, advance armoured vehicles, drones ...). The Secretariat must be in a position to provide civilian and military personnel, as soon as they are deployed, with this type of equipment, which is indispensable for the execution of their mandate. Plans should therefore be made for the Secretariat to acquire a small central stock of equipment specifically dedicated to peace-keeping.", "II. ENHANCED ON-THE-GROUND OPERATION OF PEACE-KEEPING MISSIONS", "Military contribution of Member States", "11. In the light of the increasing need for United Nations interventions, a thoroughgoing reform of the \"blue helmets\" mobilization system is necessary. Since it is clear that the Organization cannot today afford to maintain a standing force, it is indispensable for the Member States to establish forces which can be mobilized rapidly. These should be made up of already earmarked units forming a set of military modules to be trained with peace-keeping tasks in mind and supplied with equipment which is compatible among the various units. These units (military modules) would be placed at the disposal of the United Nations and could be mobilized at any time.", "12. In view of the increasing number of peace-keeping operations, the current limits to the capacity of the major contributing countries have been reached. States are now compelled, more than in the past, to become involved primarily in accordance with their own national interests. By the same token, it also happens that contributing countries show a lack of enthusiasm for intervention within the sole framework of what is today conventionally known as the \"moral obligation\" of the members of the international community.", "13. The mechanism of military modules should make it possible, to a large extent, to correct the current tendencies, to get back to the Organization's principle of neutrality and, through prior consultations, to help the Secretary‑General to assess the true capacity of the Organization for intervention. It should also make it possible to involve a greater number of Member States in peace-keeping missions. It is to be hoped that each Member State should feel itself concerned by this approach and should identify, in accordance with its own capacity, what types of units it might be able to place at the disposal of the Organization. Eventually, each Member State should participate in this process.", "Enhanced operational intermeshing", "14. The logistical organization of such modules means that all the contingents called upon to be operational at very short notice should have a common base of know-how and methods. It therefore appears necessary to introduce training for all of the units concerned. Such training, which would be supplementary to the military training of each army, should be given initially in the national military schools. However, the United Nations should coordinate, first at the level of high-ranking officers, and going progressively down the hierarchy, specific training courses which would allow concepts and methods to be exchanged. Such courses should be organized in turn by the major contributing countries under United Nations control. Furthermore, joint (staff) exercises should be progressively organized by the United Nations in order to test under realistic conditions the operational intermeshing of the contingents and to suggest concrete ways of enhancing it.", "Enhancement of tools of political analysis and follow-up of missions", "15. The mandates of the missions deployed recently contain increasingly broad political aspects. The missions are now regularly being asked to monitor the administrations in place, to train new police forces, to forge the various previously rival factions into new armies, to ensure the fairness of electoral campaigns, etc. Such tasks are wholly in response to the concern voiced by all to have peace-keeping missions also deal with the political origin of the conflicts in order to allow sustainable peacemaking.", "16. This new responsibility means that the mission entrusted with such peacemaking should constantly be alert to the changing political positions of all the parties to the conflict. It is all the more important to be well acquainted with the local political situation, as the peace-keeping missions - usually involving tens of thousands of men - are likely to stir up a feeling of resentment among segments of the population, sometimes manipulated by a minority opposed to the mission. Any mission must be able to anticipate the problems it is likely to encounter and to explain to the populations concerned the rationale behind its decisions.", "17. This is why it would be desirable for each mission always to have a policy‑analysis unit under the direct authority of the office of the special representative. The role of this unit, composed of international specialists and experts from the region, would be to closely monitor and analyse developments in the political climate and in the opinions of local parties in order to inform the special representative of the trends of opinion among the rulers and the population. The political analyses carried out by this unit should also be transmitted to the Secretariat for its information.", "III. GREATER POLICY CONTROL", "18. France is firmly in favour of enhanced policy control over peace-keeping operations.", "19. There should be closer monitoring of the various phases of such operations.", "20. Operations must be prepared along the lines of the policy guidelines proposed by the Secretary-General in \"An Agenda for Peace\".", "21. Apart from fully addressing the general desire for the development of preventive diplomacy, the dispatch of fact-finding missions involving representatives of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations would help to pave the way for the deployment of troops, identify needs, gather information and prepare cost estimates for the operations. The reports of these missions should be transmitted to Member States as soon as possible to enable them to make early arrangements for their possible participation in such missions.", "22. The practice whereby a special representative of the Secretary-General is appointed for each mission should be institutionalized. The Special Representative should be appointed after consultations with the parties to the conflict and the Security Council. His role is to coordinate the activities of the various components of the operation (civilian, military, humanitarian ...), monitor the policy - and not the operational - aspects of military issues, and to report regularly on his mission to the Secretary‑General and the Security Council.", "23. The establishment of the operation must depend on the definition of a clear mandate by the Security Council. In this regard, France would like the resolutions authorizing the establishment of peace-keeping forces to be as specific as possible on two points:", "(a) The final political objectives of the force must be spelled out in the mandate. In order to be realistic, such objectives could be limited and need not necessarily aim at a complete settlement of the crisis;", "(b) The mandate should also include specific intermediate objectives. The Secretary-General should be able to propose an evaluation timetable in the report he submits to the Security Council when each operation is established. Such intermediate objectives could include: the partial or total disarmament of the belligerents, the establishment and observance of a cease‑fire, and the dispatch of good-offices missions to the areas in conflict.", "24. The management and monitoring of the operation could be improved:", "(a) By developing the still too-limited resources of the situation room of the Field Operations Division. This room should be accessible not only to members of the Division but also to the military representatives of the troop-contributing States and even members of the Military Staff Committee established by virtue of Article 47 of the Charter;", "(b) By having the special representative of the Secretary-General report regularly (once a month) on his mission as a whole, the progress of operations, problems encountered in the implementation of his mandate and observance of the timetable. The work of the policy-analysis unit of the mission should be reported to the Security Council, which should also be provided with any other pieces of information (internal audits) that it might find useful;", "(c) By institutionalizing the dispatch of inspection missions composed of experts with a mandate to report back to the Security Council so as to enable it to assess the situation, verify that the resources of the force are commensurate with its mandate and also verify compliance with and a uniform interpretation of the rules of engagement.", "25. The involvement of regional arrangements and organizations in peace-keeping operations should be encouraged under certain conditions:", "(a) The special representative of the Secretary-General must be in charge of the operation. The representatives of regional arrangements and organizations must be under his command;", "(b) The policy of appointing a joint representative of the United Nations and of a regional organization may also be encouraged;", "(c) When the States members of these regional arrangements and organizations participate in an operation, their representatives should also be granted access to the situation room of the Secretariat.", "IV. BETTER FINANCIAL SUPERVISION", "Firmly established principles", "26. The question of financing peace-keeping operations should be monitored closely and the French Government:", "(a) Wishes to reiterate its commitment to the current system of establishing a specific budget for each operation, which ensures financial transparency of the operations and allows individual monitoring by Member States;", "(b) Still favours the financing of operations through assessed contributions as the only way of ensuring the independence of such operations and providing them with sustained resources. Voluntary contributions should be accepted only from beneficiary States and only when such States have the financial capacity to make such contributions;", "(c) Would like detailed cost estimates to be prepared before every mission and a financial report to be sent to Member States before any decision is taken by the Security Council;", "(d) Will support any proposal aimed at conducting audits of ongoing operations or, generally speaking, at ensuring a more regular supervision of expenditures and provision of more comprehensive information to the oversight bodies (the Security Council and the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions).", "An informal consultation group", "27. The difficult, complex and long missions that the United Nations has recently put into place throughout the world have highlighted some of the problems facing troop-contributing countries. Countries with special responsibilities due to the extent of their involvement in peace-keeping missions should hold close informal consultations among themselves in order to address those crucial problems. We believe that such an informal consultation group should give priority attention to two topics which are unanimously recognized as important and are dictated by current events:", "(a) The approaches to the financing of peace-keeping missions outlined in the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex), which should be developed further with a view to their prompt implementation;", "(b) The safety of personnel engaged under the United Nations banner and the types of sanctions that could be taken against those responsible for attacks against such personnel.", "28. This consultation group, which must remain informal and flexible, could transmit the outcome of its discussions to the Secretariat, the Security Council and the General Assembly.", "NAMIBIA", "[Original: English]", "[3 August 1993]", "1. The policy of the Government of the Republic of Namibia with regard to international peace-keeping has, naturally, been influenced by the recent history of the country. The successful United Nations Transitional Assistance Group (UNTAG) operation in 1989-1990, which assisted in ushering in the independence of Namibia, was witnessed and enthusiastically supported by the entire Namibian population, as they saw peace and security being restored. UNTAG became synonymous with freedom.", "2. The Government of the Republic of Namibia has made peace and stability the main platform of its domestic, as well as foreign policies, and by its policy of national reconciliation, peace and stability have grown and found deep roots in Namibia, particularly as nurtured by the Constitution of the Republic of Namibia.", "3. The policy of international peace-keeping is thus one of the pillars of the foreign policy of the Government of Namibia. Given the manpower and resources constraint, Namibia will, to the extent of its capabilities, play its role in peace-keeping and peace-building.", "4. From this perspective, the Government of the Republic of Namibia would support measures that would help to create regional confidence and trust and dispel any suspicion and mistrust. The Regional Meeting on Confidence and Security-Building Measures in Southern Africa, held at Windhoek from 24 to 26 February 1993, provided a useful opportunity for regional leaders and policy makers in matters of national security to discuss issues common to the region; and, more importantly, to dispel any mistrust and misconception about one another. The Government would encourage and support similar meetings in the future, or follow-up on the achievement of the Windhoek meeting.", "5. In the light of this policy, the Government of the Republic of Namibia has spared no efforts to find a solution to the crisis in neighbouring Angola. At the regional level, as well as the international, Ministers of the Government have incessantly sought to find ways and means to resolve the crisis. The Government of the Republic of Namibia thus actively pursues a policy of preventive diplomacy and peaceful settlement of disputes consistent with the Constitution.", "6. In the current peace-keeping operation in Cambodia, under the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), Namibia has a contingent of reinforced vehicles - Wolf - participating in that operation. Following the experience of this specialized contingent of reinforced vehicles, Namibia will, in the future, consider seriously, if requested, participation in peace-keeping operations with a similar contingent, tempered only by financial constraints.", "7. Namibia would like to emphasize the significance for countries that cannot afford the specialized training required to be given the necessary assistance to bring their forces to the level required for effective participation in international peace-keeping operations. This is particularly pertinent to a young and developing country like Namibia. The reinforced vehicles - Wolf - need maintenance. In the operation in Cambodia, the request by the United Nations was made at the last minute. As a result, only those vehicles which were in operational capacity could be dispatched, perhaps with some deficiencies that could have been rectified.", "8. The Government of the Republic of Namibia considers that financing of peace-keeping operations is the collective responsibility of all Member States, in accordance with the provision of the Charter of the United Nations. The Government has always paid its assessed contributions in full and on time. However, it should be noted that, with increasing peace-keeping operations, financing of such peace-keeping operations will become a heavy burden to developing countries such as Namibia. The Government would thus wish to point out that moving Namibia up from Category D to C, as proposed in the report of the Secretary-General (A/47/484), will increase its peace-keeping operations by 100 per cent. The proposal, which is meant to reserve the last Category - D - for the least developed countries, would nevertheless result in imposing a heavy burden on developing countries such as Namibia.", "9. The recommendation in the Ogata-Volcker report (A/48/460, annex, p. 18) to create a revolving fund at the level of $400 million will improve the start-up cost of peace-keeping operations as compared to the current level of $150 million; this recommendation should be considered.", "QATAR", "[Original: Arabic]", "[2 August 1993]", "1. The Government of Qatar affirms the importance of peace-keeping and peace-enforcement machinery in accordance with the relevant articles of the Charter. It also agrees with the Secretary-General concerning the importance of preventive diplomacy to avert the outbreak of armed conflict that threatens international peace and security.", "2. The Government of Qatar also endorses the Secretary-General's proposals contained in paragraphs 34 to 44 of his report entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111), in particular the use of peace-enforcement units in clearly defined circumstances. Such forces should be more heavily armed than peace-keeping forces and available on a permanent basis for the purposes laid down in Article 42 of the Charter.", "3. The Government of Qatar believes that the proposals submitted by the Secretary-General in his above-mentioned report for the financing of peace-keeping and peace-enforcement operations are worthy of consideration and merit endorsement.", "RUSSIAN FEDERATION", "[Original: Russian]", "[14 September 1993]", "1. The profound changes that have taken place in the world over the last few years have also changed the nature of the challenges faced by international peace and security. The primary threat to humankind is now posed not by the possibility of the eruption of a nuclear conflict between the major Powers, but by regional crises of a national, ethnic or religious nature.", "2. The priorities of the international community in the area of security are also undergoing corresponding changes. The attention of most States is now focused on peace-keeping efforts, and a corresponding need has arisen to strengthen the peacemaking capacity of the United Nations.", "3. The Russian Federation is pleased to note that over the last few years the United Nations, despite all the difficulties in its path, has made considerable progress in adapting its peacemaking activities to the changing conditions. The relevant facts and trends are well known and there is no need to mention them here.", "4. At the same time, certain new problems have emerged. While increasingly pinning their hopes on the peacemaking efforts of the United Nations, States are often reluctant to support those hopes with any practical contribution and to commit the necessary material, technical and financial resources and manpower. At times they even appear impatient and critical, when peacemaking actions by the United Nations become stalled or fail to bring immediate and conspicuous results. Global security and the very future of the United Nations will depend in large measure on the extent to which the Organization is able to adapt in a smooth and efficient manner to the realities of the changed world.", "5. The report by the Secretary-General entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) has significantly advanced the concept of peacemaking. The detailed discussion of that document in the Security Council demonstrated the urgent need to implement the provisions it contained and to define the common priorities of the States Members of the United Nations.", "6. A substantive discussion, centred on \"An Agenda for Peace\", has also begun in the General Assembly, and its results are awaited with interest.", "7. In this context, the Russian Federation fully supports the recommendation of the Security Council that all States should consider participation in and support for international peace-keeping as part of their foreign and national security policy. This fundamental principle is reflected in the theoretical foreign policy documents and regulatory instruments of the Russian Federation currently being elaborated.", "8. The provisions contained in the statement made by the President of the Security Council on 28 May 1993 (S/25859) are intended to help clarify and develop the general political orientation and operational principles underlying the conduct of United Nations peace-keeping operations. A useful contribution to the determination of the basis on which peace-keeping operations are to be conducted has also been made by the document prepared by the special group of experts on peace-keeping cooperation established by the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. In our view, the provisions of that document could be taken into account in the preparation of a report by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "9. The effectiveness of the United Nations peace-keeping operations could be considerably enhanced by making more active and comprehensive use of the resources offered by preventive diplomacy. Among the new aspects of this activity, the Russian Federation welcomes the first preventive deployment of a United Nations contingent in Macedonia as an important step forward in the search for new approaches in the area of conflict prevention. The further development of the concept of \"safe zones\" could also be of value.", "10. The Russian Federation is prepared to assist in providing the Secretary‑General with essential information, including information of a confidential nature, to ensure effective preventive diplomacy and peace-keeping activities as a whole.", "11. The Russian Federation supports the idea that the Security Council should make full use of its powers under the Charter to steer conflicting parties in the direction of negotiated political settlement. It welcomes the vigorous and purposeful efforts made by the Secretary-General in recent months to exercise his prerogatives in the area of mediation and good offices, and believes that the close and regular consultations he has held at the same time with the Security Council are of exceptional importance for the elaboration of a common strategy.", "12. The Russian Federation sets high store by the elaboration, at the earliest possible opportunity, of specific arrangements for the implementation of the provisions of Article 50 of the Charter of the United Nations. In particular, it would be a good idea to consolidate the practice whereby the Security Council recommends to the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the other multilateral financial institutions that they take due account of the hardship caused to \"third countries\" by sanctions, when funds are being allocated to such countries through those organizations.", "13. The experience of recent United Nations peace-keeping operations, in particular in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia and Somalia, demonstrates the importance of a smoothly operating functional chain between the planning, preparation, logistic support and monitoring of the conduct of United Nations peace-keeping operations. This, in turn, presupposes a clearly defined interface between national contingents, the proper organization of the command system and the elaboration of precise rules governing the conduct of operations and criteria for the use of force. It goes without saying that peace-keeping operations with \"difficult mandates\" require a special approach, applicable also to the selection of United Nations peace-keeping contingents (taking due account of their experience and combat efficiency) and to the appropriateness of enforcement measures, and so on.", "14. It is vitally important that operations should be launched in the context of clearly defined political settlement objectives, and not merely as a response by the international community to situations where \"something should be done\".", "15. A component vital to the success of peace-keeping activities is a sound financial basis. The current crisis in this area is due, first and foremost, to a lack of political will on the part of States to support international stability through United Nations peace-keeping efforts, as evidenced, in particular, by the fact (cited in the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex)) that, on average, for every thousand dollars spent by States on defence, only one and a half dollars are contributed to United Nations peace-keeping efforts.", "16. Attention should be focused on devising arrangements for the more rigorous monitoring of the planning and rational utilization of human, material and technical resources in United Nations operations. In particular, the role of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions could be strengthened at all stages of the preparation and implementation of United Nations operating budgets.", "17. Attention should also be given to the question of financial support for the initial stage of an operation in the event of emergency deployment. The Russian Federation is prepared to support the proposal by the Secretary-General that arrangements should be worked out to accelerate the allocation of resources to a new operation, immediately it has been instituted by the Security Council.", "18. The Russian Federation still has doubts regarding the creation of a single budget for all operations, since this would leave unsolved the primary problem of the need to regulate expenditure and to enhance the effectiveness of operations, and would not improve the cash-flow situation.", "19. The Russian Federation believes that it is high time to consider diversifying the sources of financing for peace-keeping operations through the increased material responsibility of recipient States and other States directly interested in ending the conflict. It might be useful to secure resources from regional organizations, voluntary contributions, including voluntary contributions from non-governmental sources and, in specific cases, make use of contributions in kind.", "20. The time has come to take specific steps to review the scale of assessments to the budget of United Nations operations.", "21. The following ways of improving United Nations peacemaking mechanisms are particularly timely in the light of the Organization's present tasks:", "(a) The existing structures involved in the planning, preparation and management of United Nations operations must be strengthened and, perhaps, additional structures should be created. Under the Charter of the United Nations, the Military Staff Committee is responsible for the strategic direction of any armed forces placed at the disposal of the Security Council. The revitalization of the Committee merits serious study. If the Committee were able to focus on specific actions and include in its work representatives of the countries that are the principal suppliers of contingents (for example, in accordance with Article 47 of the Charter), it would then be able, under the direction of the Security Council, to assume general command of operations, develop specific proposals on cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in a given field, and so forth. The division of tasks among Secretariat units must be more clearly defined. The Russian Federation considers that it is important to strengthen the central position of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations and include, within its core staff, qualified specialists with a broad range of functions, who could be involved in a variety of ways in the urgent launching of operations;", "(b) Serious consideration should be given to the command and monitoring of field operations. Effective leadership by the commander of United Nations forces, close coordination of the activities of contingents from various countries and their adherence to the mandate given to the Security Council are of key importance. To this end, it is important to have well-defined interrelations and cooperation within the command of the operations (including their military and civilian components) and a single operational centre that functions efficiently 24 hours a day;", "(c) The Russian Federation welcomed the ideas underlying the concept of United Nations \"reserve forces\" proposed by the Secretary-General. The Supreme Council is currently considering draft legislation on the participation of the Russian Federation in United Nations peace-keeping operations. When it is adopted the Russian Federation intends to hold negotiations with a view to concluding an agreement with the United Nations on the provision of Russian military, civilian and auxiliary personnel, who are in a state of readiness, and material and technical resources and services for already established or planned peace-keeping operations. The Russian Federation has already informed the United Nations about a part of its existing resources (two army medical divisions);", "(d) It is crucially important to ensure that operations are launched as quickly as possible, when fragile agreements in \"hot spots\" can and should be strengthened by a United Nations presence, which should begin with the sending of observers. The time between the Security Council's adoption of a decision and the actual start of operations should be shortened considerably;", "(e) In taking a decision on the start-up of an operation, in particular a large-scale operation, the Security Council should consider not only political expediency, the cost of the United Nations action and the degree of potential hazards of personnel but also the problem of \"withdrawing\" from the operation. There should be no \"limitless involvement\". However, this principle should not be adhered to slavishly. In exceptional cases, in the absence of a viable political settlement, the States Members of the United Nations should agree to extend the operation, since \"a bad peace is better than a good quarrel\". The practice of including in Security Council decisions provisions that make the presence of United Nations personnel in conflict areas contingent on progress towards a political settlement should be more widely applied;", "(f) Extremely pressing is the need to improve procedures for recruiting and training personnel, including civilian personnel. In particular, the criteria for recruiting civilian personnel should be more precise and recommendations on the training of such staff to carry out United Nations operations should be standardized. It would be useful to establish national \"reserve contingents\" of volunteer civilian specialists. The Russian Federation considers it advisable for the United Nations Secretariat to compile and send to potential donor countries an illustrative list of specialities and requirements to be met by candidates.", "22. Lately, the question of safety of personnel has become particularly acute. In this regard, the Russian Federation is in favour of the most resolute measures, including measures to bring to justice persons and organizations guilty of attacks on and other acts of violence against the \"blue berets\". The mandatory conclusion of agreements with recipient countries on the status of United Nations forces is a partial solution to the problem but does not provide an adequate answer to all questions. At the same time, vigorous measures to defend United Nations contingents should not develop into military operations of a punitive nature or lead to the involvement of the United Nations in internal conflicts.", "23. The right of the United Nations to bring to justice persons who resort to force against United Nations personnel must be made legally binding. A precedent for this might arise when the International Court of Justice begins its proceedings on the former Yugoslavia.", "24. Post‑conflict peace-building is becoming an inalienable part of peace‑keeping, without which countries emerging from the \"active\" stage of a conflict cannot be rebuilt. The Russian Federation would be particularly interested in a study of the experience and capabilities of the United Nations and other international organizations in this area with respect to peace‑building in the territory of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "25. The Russian Federation considers useful the proposals to decentralize responsibility for peace-keeping and peacemaking and supports the idea of enhancing the role of regional organizations in this area in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations. Progress in this direction should be gradual, and an indispensable condition should be that the Security Council bears the principal responsibility for maintaining international peace and security.", "26. The Russian Federation welcomes the conclusion between the United Nations and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) of a framework agreement on cooperation and coordination and takes note of the efforts of CSCE, the European Community, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Western European Union to settle the conflict in the territory of the former Yugoslavia on the basis of Security Council decisions and under the Council's political guidance.", "27. The question of peacemaking in the territory of the former USSR is extremely important to us. The collective peacemaking mechanisms of the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as individual regional agreements on the settlement of conflicts in particular regions of the former USSR, are currently being more actively applied in practice and the cooperation between such mechanisms and the United Nations and CSCE is increasing. As a member of those mechanisms and agreements, the Russian Federation appreciates the practical contribution of the United Nations to the settlement of these conflicts, and is prepared to cooperate further with it.", "SWEDEN", "[Original: English]", "[20 August 1993]", "Ongoing efforts", "1. The Nordic countries welcome and support the ongoing efforts to restructure the Department of Peace-keeping Operations aimed at strengthening the capacity of the United Nations in the field of peace-keeping.", "2. They especially welcome the integration of relevant parts of the Field Operations Division into the Department of Peace-keeping Operations as a step they believe will strengthen and make more effective the planning, management and administration support to the operations.", "3. They look forward to the result of the work of the stand-by planning team aimed at improving and speeding up the process by which the Organization obtains personnel or formed units and equipment from Member States for new peace-keeping operations or the expansion of existing ones.", "4. They are prepared to cooperate with the Secretariat, to the extent that resources so permit, and to find additional personnel for specific tasks in the peace-keeping field that may be provided to the United Nations on a temporary basis.", "5. The Nordic countries welcome the creation of a situation room for the operations in Somalia and the former Yugoslavia, and commend the intention of the Secretary-General to take steps towards the establishment of an integrated situation room, covering peace-keeping operations world wide. A significant strengthening of the capabilities of the United Nations Secretariat for the operational management, command and control of ongoing operations is now needed.", "6. They furthermore consider the creation of a military planning cell within the Department of Peace-keeping Operations an essential and timely measure for enhancing the capacity of the Secretariat.", "7. In addition to the measures that are already under way, the Nordic countries would however suggest that the following proposals be considered with a view to taking action on them within a near future.", "__________", " On behalf of the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.", "Organization and effectiveness", "8. The arrangements for training of peace-keeping personnel - military, civilian and police - should be reviewed and improved, using the appropriate capabilities of Member States, regional organizations and arrangements, non‑governmental organizations and the Secretariat. In particular, consideration should be given to the establishment of a training programme for key personnel of peace-keeping operations with a view to creating a pool of trained personnel with knowledge of the United Nations system and its working procedures. The Nordic countries are prepared to explore ways and means to strengthen their cooperation with the United Nations and its Member States in this field.", "9. Core staff of a peace-keeping operation should be included in the planning process at an early stage. One guiding principle for this process should be that, to the extent possible, the persons who are to implement a peace-keeping operation should also be involved in its planning. This will require increased efforts by the Secretariat to identify, in cooperation with Member States, at an early stage potential key personnel, such as force commanders and chief administrative officers, for future peace-keeping operations.", "10. Descriptions of the areas of responsibility for the different experts and advisers, as well as the regular desk officers, within the Department of Peace-keeping Operations should, as appropriate, be provided to Member States, thus facilitating communications and cooperation between all parties involved.", "Financing", "11. The serious financial situation of United Nations peace-keeping operations is of major concern to the Nordic countries. Action must be taken, bearing in mind the useful proposals in the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex) to ensure adequate financing of the peace-keeping operations, based on the principle of collective responsibility and the payment of assessed contributions in full and on time. In this connection, the Nordic countries stress the importance of reimbursing all the outstanding dues of troop-contributing countries without delay.", "12. While welcoming the establishment of the Peace-keeping Reserve Fund, the Nordic countries underline the need for further discussions on how to achieve adequate financing of the initial phase of peace-keeping operations.", "13. The Nordic countries suggest that steps be taken to enable the delegation of increased financial and administrative authority to the force commander or the special representative for a multi-component mission, as a way of enhancing the performance of the mission and achieving greater cost-efficiency. For this purpose, the existing United Nations Financial Regulations and Rules, as well as the administrative procedures for peace-keeping operations, need to be reviewed in order to increase the capacity of missions to adjust flexibly to new situations and specific requirements. Such measures must however be matched by efforts to provide adequate training to administrative personnel in the field, as well as strengthened internal control procedures.", "Agreements and guidelines", "14. The conclusion of status-of-forces agreements is essential for the creation of a well-defined working relationship between the United Nations and the host country for a peace-keeping operation. Increased efforts by the Secretariat to finalize such agreements, preferably before the deployment of a peace-keeping force, are therefore required.", "15. The Nordic countries would also like to underline the crucial importance of the model agreement between the United Nations and Member States contributing personnel and equipment to peace-keeping operations, especially as these operations become increasingly complex. The Secretariat is urged to conclude such agreements with contributing Member States.", "THAILAND", "[Original: English]", "[21 July 1993]", "I. ON GENERAL PRINCIPLES", "1. The Royal Thai Government concurs with the Secretary-General's observation that \"the foundation-stone of the work of the United Nations is and must remain the State\". Respect for sovereignty and integrity of States is therefore vital in any common international and United Nations undertaking.", "2. The Royal Thai Government is following with great interest the development in peace-enforcement activities by the United Nations. Since peace-enforcement activities entail substantial new risks, the Royal Thai Government feels that the advantages and disadvantages of each United Nations peace-enforcement activity must be thoroughly considered. In some situations, such activities may be counterproductive, especially when consent has not been obtained from all the parties involved in the conflict.", "3. The Secretary-General's suggestion that United Nations peace-keepers be sent to \"zones of instability and potential crisis\" to prevent any outbreak of hostilities also requires further careful consideration. The Royal Thai Government feels that greater clarity regarding the scope and the circumstances under which it might take place is needed.", "II. ON THE CAPACITY OF THE SECRETARIAT", "4. The Royal Thai Government welcomes the recent expansion of the Office of the Military Adviser. It also fully supports the suggestion that Field Operations Division be integrated within the Department of Peace-keeping Operations.", "III. ON PLANNING", "5. It is well recognized that planning procedures need to be improved. The Royal Thai Government feels that force commanders should be appointed early and be directly engaged in preliminary planning so that early advice concerning force composition and requirements can be given to ensure effective preparation by troop-contributing countries. Moreover, procurement and logistics procedures must also be improved.", "IV. ON COMMAND AND CONTROL", "6. The rapid expansion of peace-keeping activities has created an urgent need for a fully functional situation room/operations centre at United Nations Headquarters. The Royal Thai Government shares the view that, as a minimum requirement, such a centre must serve as a single focal point for communications and information about peace-keeping operations. In the long-run, it may serve to integrate the operational, logistics, planning and intelligence requirements of such operations.", "V. ON TRAINING", "7. The Royal Thai Government believes that much of the success of all peace-keeping activities depends on well-trained personnel. It is self-evident that training should be based on agreed standards and concepts of operations. The effort to prepare a comprehensive United Nations manual on logistics policies and procedures is most welcome. Moreover, the feasibility of setting up regional training centres should be seriously studied. This is because regional cooperation in sharing experiences could enhance Member States' capability and preparedness to contribute to peace-keeping operations.", "VI. ON FINANCE", "8. The Royal Thai Government has long been seriously concerned about the precarious situation regarding the financing of peace-keeping operations. It is our firm belief that the United Nations peace-keeping efforts are too vital to the maintenance of world peace to remain hostage to financial and budgetary restrictions. The key to solving this intractable problem, in its view, still lies in Member States paying their assessed contribution in full and on time. However, other bold and innovative approaches suggested by the Secretary-General in \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) should be seriously pursued.", "VII. ON SAFETY OF PERSONNEL", "9. As a troop-contributing country, Thailand is gravely concerned with the growing number of fatalities among peace-keeping and other personnel. The Royal Thai Government hopes that measures recommended by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/72 of 14 December 1992 will be implemented in a timely manner.", "UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND", "[Original: English]", "[20 July 1993]", "1. In response to the Security Council statement of 28 May 1993 (S/25859) on the follow-up to the \"Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111), the United Nations Secretary-General requested Member States to identify to him those areas of United Nations peace-keeping operations which required strengthening, and their ideas for positive steps that could be taken.", "General", "2. The Security Council and the United Nations Secretariat need to analyse the situation on the ground carefully before agreeing to establish a United Nations peace-keeping operation. Such operations need clear and achievable objectives linked to an ongoing political process that can provide a solution, and a precise mandate as well as the consent of the parties and confidence that the necessary resources will be made available. The United Nations and Security Council must also be clear-sighted on the possible wish of regional organizations/Member States to pass on to the United Nations operations where their own actions have not brought a solution and consider whether the United Nations should be involved. There is also a need for the United Nations to look at existing mandates critically to see what impetus can be given to bring them towards an end.", "3. The British Government welcomes the considerable efforts already made by the Secretary-General to strengthen and enhance the United Nations capability to plan and conduct peace-keeping operations. Useful initiatives have been taken, in particular the strengthening of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations, the establishment of a 24-hour situation room and the initiative of the stand-by force planning project. The United Kingdom welcomes proposals to integrate the Field Operations Division with the Department of Peace-keeping Operations.", "Command, control and planning", "4. Command and control relationships need to be more clearly defined. Unity of command at the highest levels is essential. Such unity of command is unlikely to be achieved until all aspects of a peace-keeping operations are handled by a single department at United Nations Headquarters.", "5. The actual command function (that is, the authority to assign force elements to tasks and to reassign them as necessary) should remain the responsibility of the force commander. The United Nations Headquarters should be responsible for providing direction to commanders and acting as the essential political/military interface. It should focus on strategic rather than detailed operational planning and needs improved capability in this area.", "6. The ability to react flexibility to dynamic situations required to meet the demands of peace-keeping is a product of three main factors: capacity, expertise and experience. Economy of effort is also required, not only to reduce costs but to ensure that a surge capability exists and to make sure that scarce resources are husbanded wisely. The United Kingdom believes that these four principles could best be applied to the Secretariat through the establishment of an expanded planning and operations staff - a general staff for peace-keeping. These men and women, both civilian and military, some of whom might be seconded from nations, would work to an agreed professional doctrine and would be able to provide the necessary core of the United Nations strategic planning chain principally at United Nations Headquarters in New York but also in the field. They would augment the existing embryonic planning and operations cell and provide the capacity, expertise and experience it will require if it is to be effective. Such staff should work to agreed standards with clear performance goals. Further elaboration of the tasks of the planning and operations staff is contained in the annex.", "7. The planning and operations staff would provide the United Nations with the \"nervous system\" for which its present staff is neither structured nor resourced. They would not have a command function but would hold responsibility for the initial development of an operational plan until such time as the force commander and his staff were appointed. It is important that a force commander should be associated with planning from the outset. Members of the planning and operations staff might also deploy to operations as principal staff officers to United Nations commanders. However, a balance would need to be struck between the needs in the field and the needs at headquarters in New York. Great care would have to be taken not to dilute the central core of expertise to the extent that it became ineffective. In preparing an operational plan, due regard must be paid to potential costs to ensure that expenditure does not exceed what is essential to carry out tasks effectively.", "8. There is also a need to examine the best means of drawing in staff used to working together to form the nucleus of a headquarters when deploying a new mission. States might be asked to nominate officers who could be called on by the United Nations to replace particular members of the peace-keeping staff at Headquarters who could in turn be deployed to a new mission. It is suggested that the professional nucleus of a field headquarters should be found principally from individual States involved, or lead nations. Sometimes a regional organization might provide the nucleus. Ideally personnel in staff positions should have received training in United Nations Headquarters procedures and be used to working in a multinational environment. The combination of trained personnel together with the continuity and expertise brought by deploying members of the planning and operations staff would help overcome the inherent disadvantages encountered when multinational headquarters are assembled in a mission area.", "Communications and information", "9. The United Nations needs to provide force commanders with considered political analysis based on accurate and up-to-date information about the situation on the ground. Such information is best performed by experts, often using specialized equipment. It would be prohibitively expensive for the United Nations to develop a viable in-house military information capability. The United Nations should therefore seek to make greater use of such capabilities that nations or multinational organizations already possess. Force commanders also need to be able to develop the capacity to analyse military information.", "10. The United Nations needs to develop a system-wide communication system, so that strategic communications offer value for money and efficiency. A communications working party might examine how best to ensure that all United Nations parties (including agencies) engaged in operations are able to communicate effectively with each other. The key is to ensure common standards and compatibility.", "11. The United Nations may wish to examine the need for coordinating mapping requirements and availability for operations and the appointment of a specialist mapping adviser as a member of the military staff.", "Demining", "12. The United Kingdom welcomes the appointment to the Secretariat of a mine clearance adviser. Coordination of all interested agencies is crucial.", "Doctrine and standard operating procedures for peace-keeping", "13. The fact that the United Nations draws its peace-keeping forces from many Member States is one of its greatest strengths since it means that United Nations peace-keeping missions are seen as an expression of concern by the international community as a whole and not as a means of promoting narrower national or regional interests. However, this political strength can be a source of military difficulties as forces from a variety of nations with different levels of expertise, operating to different standard operating procedures attempt to work together often for the first time.", "14. The United Kingdom's experience as a member of a multinational alliance leads it to the firm view that the publication of United Nations tactical doctrine from which standard operating procedures could be elaborated would help to smooth the integration of a United Nations force. The United Nations might wish to draw on relevant existing standard operating procedures, for example, those developed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) for a multinational environment.", "15. Once developed, doctrine and standard operating procedures adapted to take account of current operations should be disseminated more widely among membership. Troop-contributing nations should fully understand these procedures and be competent in implementing them before deployment.", "Training", "16. Training should remain a national responsibility but structured to meet individual and unit standards set by the United Nations. The potential for staff colleges around the world to draw on a common body of knowledge in training their key officers should be considered. Experienced States should be willing to send personnel to participate in work of other staff colleges, and help them develop their own training programmes.", "17. The United Nations might also examine the concept of experienced peace‑keeping nations deploying small short-term training teams to train units from less experienced nations. Such training could be organized on a regional basis and would be particularly valuable for contingents due to deploy to the same mission area.", "18. There may be scope for a more limited United Nations training venture to allow for the training of personnel pre-designated to fill key appointments in field headquarters. Much of the training could be undertaken using distance learning techniques, possibly making use of national or regional staff colleges.", "Political/military interface - cooperation with other agencies", "19. It is important to develop understanding between the military and civilians, both within peace-keeping operations and with humanitarian and other involved agencies.", "United Nations military observers/civilian observers", "20. The United Nations faces a shortage of United Nations military observers. It could consider the potential for establishing also a core of United Nations civilian observers, who could be drawn from both those with diplomatic experience and ex-military who wish to serve the United Nations, who would act along the same lines as United Nations military observers and who could provide an additional analytical capacity to reinforce work of United Nations civilian advisers. The aim might be to deploy mixed teams, United Nations military observers and United Nations civilian observers, whose combined roles might contribute to local liaison and peacemaking, who work to the same doctrine in support of a force commander.", "Logistics", "21. The United Kingdom recognizes the need to enhance the United Nations logistic capability. A first step would be the creation of standard operating procedures for all areas of logistic support, including finance. The United Kingdom welcomes the Canadian-led United Nations exercise to draw up standard operating procedures, which has its full support. It is hoped that the results will prove implementable across the spectrum of peace-keeping operations.", "22. There will be a need to follow up the creation and implementation of logistics doctrine and standard operating procedures with training of troop-contributors. A member State with expertise to offer might take the lead in drawing up a training package.", "23. There is a possible case for drawing in civilian contractors by international tender where conditions on the ground permit and where this would be financially beneficial. There would be a clear need, however, to coordinate the overall logistic effort, including any civilianized elements.", "24. There is a clear need for coordination of movement of assets and both in‑theatre casualty evacuations and out-of-theatre medical evacuations.", "25. Given pressures on United Nations international staff in the interim before developing a general staff concept, the United Nations might draw in more personnel recruited at the local level, who can fill gaps on short-term local contracts. These can be specialists in logistics, administration, accountancy and so on.", "Public information", "26. The United Nations needs to adopt a more proactive approach to public information policy for peace-keeping operations. It should seek to draw in more professionals in handling the media, since every operation is subject to intense pressures. There is a need to train Headquarters and mission staff in management of media and in presenting the case for an operation and commenting on it as it progresses. The control of such information can no longer be done exclusively from New York. A more systematic flow of information between the United Nations and troop-contributing nations would be appreciated. The United Nations might seek to recruit specialists (or indeed ex-journalists) at local level to support missions.", "27. Mission, mandates and aims need to be made clear to a host nation in advance. There is therefore a clear need for a major public information input from the time of a technical reconnaissance mission, to consider how the mandate and operation itself can best be portrayed to the host country and the local parties.", "Administration and field finance", "28. The United Nations needs to develop a highly professional and trained corps of chief administrative officers to cope with the massive needs of the current operations, while in keeping with the principle of unity of command report through the head of mission to the Department of Peace-keeping Operations in New York. Individual States might help with training to develop the best practice, a common understanding and esprit de corps. Some training for future operations can sometimes be provided by current large missions in theatre.", "29. Procedures for recruitment of civilian staff, in particular short-term contract staff, should be streamlined. Contractors who regularly supply skilled labour to the United Nations should have briefing packages and be encouraged to develop their own training courses.", "30. The United Kingdom accepts the case for a greater degree of delegated financial authority to chief administrative officers in any operation, but this would need to be matched by a system of regular inspection to establish that resources are being properly used. Military audit procedures have clear relevance to peace-keeping operations.", "Equipment, costings and finance", "31. The United Kingdom accepts that there may be an operational advantage in creating limited revolving stockpiles, possibly derived from underspending in current operations, to ensure that immediate emergency needs for deployment can be met. It is also aware, however, that costs would be incurred in storage maintenance, rotation and wastage through obsolescence. The financial implications of the above would need to be fully examined before this issue could be considered further.", "32. The greater use of dormant contracts between the United Nations and commercial companies and nations for frequently used items should also be considered. Costs would need to be pre-negotiated and stocks subject to inspection.", "33. The United Nations should consider applying to all troop-contributing nations a standard leasing arrangement for advanced military equipment as opposed to using a depreciation formula.", "34. It might be worth exploring the possibilities for payment in kind by States who have appropriate and good condition military equipment up to a limited percentage of their assessed contributions, subject to inspection and verification and prior agreement on costings for individual items and a maintenance package.", "35. Before passage of a resolution, the United Nations needs to present as fully costed an estimate of potential costs as possible, preferably a minimum of 48 hours in advance so that all Member States can consider the financial implications before a vote is taken.", "36. The United Kingdom accepts in principle that from the moment of passage of a resolution, the United Nations Secretariat should send out assessment notices amounting to 20 per cent of estimated costs to meet immediate deployment needs. These would require potential costings to be available much sooner. It could also be helpful for these to be discussed in advance with, for example, the 15 major financial contributors. Pending responses, the Secretary-General should be entitled to draw on the peace-keeping reserve fund for starting costs.", "37. However, this is only a short-term solution. In the longer term, there is no substitute for Member States' paying their assessed contributions promptly and in full. Member States, particularly persistent debtors, should continue to be urged at every opportunity to improve their payment record.", "38. Enhancing the effectiveness of United Nations peace-keeping proposals, which of themselves would add to expenditure, should be financed by offsetting savings achieved through a reprioritization within the regular budget or a peace-keeping operations budget, whichever is appropriate.", "Stand-by forces", "39. The United Kingdom welcomes the initiation of the stand-by force planning project. For peace-keeping forces to be able to deploy rapidly and properly equipped for the task in hand, it is essential for the Secretary-General to have accurate information on forces Member States are prepared to make available. The verification process is important. An annual update and inspection of a percentage of units declared would seem appropriate. Alternatively, the United Nations could follow NATO practice in sending teams to interrogate States regularly (as with the NATO defence planning questionnaire). The United Kingdom welcomes the projected visit to NATO.", "40. The United Kingdom maintains full-time, professional armed forces who undertake a variety of commitments world wide. The nature of these commitments makes it impossible for the United Kingdom to earmark forces solely for United Nations service. It would not be possible to guarantee availability. Notwithstanding, the United Kingdom is prepared to consider further requests to commit forces to United Nations peace-keeping operations on a case-by-case basis taking account of resources already committed elsewhere.", "41. The United Kingdom will therefore cooperate fully with the stand-by force planning team, which is due to visit the United Kingdom in the near future, by explaining the range of relevant command and operational capabilities it maintains, though any request for deployment would need to be considered on a case-by-case basis.", "42. Nations contributing initial forces would wish to be certain that a commitment to deploy early was matched by a United Nations commitment to agree on a firm end date for their commitment. There may be merit in investigating further the concept of nations with well-trained, equipped and available forces providing the first wave of a peace-keeping force, thereby allowing other nations the time to train and equip their forces to the required standard.", "43. The team might also look at logistic support, including strategic lift, that Member States might be able to put at United Nations disposal.", "United Nations civilian police", "44. United Nations civilian police play a key role in United Nations operations, but police forces differ widely in their training and practice. The United Nations might consider a stand-by planning exercise also to examine the availability, type and training of civilian police to assess what type of police force is most appropriate for a mission.", "Role of regional organizations", "45. The United Kingdom supports a greater role for regional organizations in peacemaking and potentially in peace-keeping. They have an intimate knowledge of local conditions and can provide expert knowledge on background to the conflict.", "46. Consideration might therefore be given to enhancing and encouraging liaison with appropriate regional organizations.", "47. The United Kingdom also sees some scope for the use of regional organizations to help with training for peace-keeping and possibly to conduct multinational exercises.", "48. The United Kingdom supports the concept of a division of labour with regional organizations taking a greater role in their own areas particularly as regards peacemaking, while recognizing at all times the primacy of the United Nations in situations relating to international peace and security.", "ANNEX", "Some of the functions the planning and operations", "staff might include", "(a) The preparation of advice for the Secretary-General on all aspects of United Nations peace support operations.", "(b) The development of broad contingency plans and the maintenance of the stand-by force database.", "(c) Making proposals on force requirements, command, control and communications, logistics, rules of engagement and training needs and standards.", "(d) Liaising with nations and regional and other organizations, particularly in the areas covered by (b) and (c) above.", "(e) Supporting special representative reconnaissance missions and developing military appreciations.", "(f) Overseeing the implementation of policy established by the Security Council for United Nations operations.", "(g) Provision of 24-hour support for current operations.", "(h) Preparation of post-operation reports for the Security Council.", "YUGOSLAVIA", "[Original: English]", "[26 August 1993]", "1. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia supports the initiative and efforts to define the criteria and foundations of international relations and the appropriate role of the United Nations in the new conditions established in the post-cold-war period, particularly so the insistence of the Secretary-General to seek solutions to all problems and conflicts by peaceful means.", "2. Considering that the central role and importance of the United Nations in all future processes of establishing, safeguarding and promoting world peace is widely recognized and accepted, it is quite understandable that the approach and basic orientations of the \"Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) enjoy broad support among United Nations Member States, including that of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia did make its own contribution to the activities related to the preparations of the \"Agenda\", even though that contribution was often limited in size and scope owing to United Nations sanctions, short of which it would have been much more extensive and in line with what Yugoslavia had been ready and able to offer.", "3. As one of the founding Member States of the United Nations, which participated in many peace missions under United Nations auspices throughout the history of the world Organization, Yugoslavia has been one of the staunchest adherents to the basic principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, such as peace, peaceful cooperation, confidence-building and the promotion of relations among States and respect for human rights aimed at furthering all-round prosperity.", "4. There is no doubt that the new quality of international relations in the post-cold-war period, characterized by the desire for cooperation rather than confrontation, calls for appropriate structural, as well as conceptual adjustments of the United Nations, which should being about greater efficiency and appropriate responses to the challenges of the time to come. At the same time, the Member States themselves, including the largest, the most powerful and the most developed amongst them, should also adapt their own policies and views. In doing so, they should always bear in mind that the basic principles of the Charter of the United Nations are the cornerstone on which all future United Nations activities should be based. For the United Nations has been entrusted with the most sacred of missions, the preservation of world peace and security, and it bears the primary responsibility for the discharge of this role in an effective, impartial and just way in accordance with international law. Consequently, the transformation of international institutions, primarily of the United Nations, in accordance with the new requirements, should be effected through multilateral forms of cooperation with equal participation by all its Member States. There is no doubt that the most appropriate forum for all these activities is the United Nations General Assembly.", "5. It would be politically naive to disregard the weight and power of the world's most powerful States and their influence on the formulation of the future system of international relations. Therefore, future activities related to the establishment of the system initiated by the \"Agenda\" must be carried out with a great deal of responsibility in the approach of all relevant factors, and of these countries in particular. If developments were to promote the interests of some countries or some groups of countries at the expense of the interests of others, the basic intentions proclaimed in the \"Agenda\" would be cancelled out.", "6. The decisions adopted or to be adopted by the Security Council on the crisis in former Yugoslavia are eloquent proof that the questions dealt with in the \"Agenda\" deserve urgent attention and that they should be addressed without bias and partiality, which, unfortunately, has not been the case with regard to Yugoslavia.", "7. At the outbreak of the Yugoslav crisis, the United Nations set up a peace protection force (UNPROFOR) with a specific task to protect the population until a durable political solution was reached. On the ground, UNPROFOR established effective cooperation with the European Community (EC) Monitor Mission. UNPROFOR's mandate was gradually expanded, both territory-wise (in addition to United Nations protected areas, it included former Bosnia-Herzegovina, Prevlaka and Macedonia) and assignment-wise, as a result of which the peace operations in the territory of the former Yugoslavia are now the largest, the most complex and the most expensive peace operation in the history of the United Nations. During its mission, resolutions were adopted authorizing the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter to ensure humanitarian aid deliveries and to impose safe havens in former Bosnia-Herzegovina. Close cooperation has been established between the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the implementation of the Security Council decisions on the no-fly zone in former Bosnia-Herzegovina.", "8. Without a proper prior assessment of the situation, the Security Council adopted the resolutions, establishing unjust and unfair sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. By their severity and comprehensiveness these sanctions are without precedent in the history of the United Nations and punish an entire people. Particularly absurd is resolution 820 (1993), sealing off the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from the outside world, which - adding insult to injury - was adopted because Bosnian Serbs, citizens of another United Nations recognized State, had refused to accept the Vance-Owen Plan for former Bosnia-Herzegovina. The adoption of this resolution at that time was an exercise in sanctimony since the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had supported the Vance‑Owen Plan as a framework of the quest for a durable and just peace, acceptable to all three warring parties in the civil war in former Bosnia-Herzegovina. The \"unbearable lightness\" of the international community in dealing with the crisis in the former Yugoslavia has been borne out by events: the Vance-Owen Plan has been all but abandoned, yet not only have the sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia not been lifted, but their strict implementation continues to be insisted upon. Such inconsistency, even arbitrariness, in upholding the principles and purposes of the Charter are far from being contributory to the strengthening of world peace and security, much less to the adoption and affirmation of the \"Agenda for Peace\".", "9. Against this backdrop, the experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in its cooperation with the United Nations in the context of the resolution of the crisis in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is of great value for the future work of the United Nations in the field of peace-keeping, its financing and personnel recruitment, but also as an example of dangerous precedents that have been made on behalf and under the authority of the world Organization.", "10. In this context, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia feels called upon to make some remarks on some inadmissible tendencies in international relations that were particularly manifest in the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis. Proceeding from Yugoslavia's lasting commitment to peace and the basic principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law, as well as from the experience gained in the resolution of the crisis in the former Yugoslavia, a number of views on the \"Agenda for Peace\" are presented below.", "11. The importance and role of the United Nations in establishing, safeguarding and promoting world peace and security are irreplaceable. The United Nations is and must continue to be the main effective and impartial centre of all activities aimed at establishing, safeguarding and protecting world peace and security.", "12. The Security Council is the main executive organ of the United Nations, primarily responsible for ensuring peace and international security. This role of the Security Council was very much in evidence during the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis. Unfortunately, some new and negative tendencies have also come to the fore.", "13. During the adoption of relevant decisions in the Security Council, particularly those concerning the war in former Bosnia-Herzegovina, there was a high level of agreement, especially among the permanent members of the Security Council, as a result of which decisions were, as a rule, adopted unanimously in contrast to the period of the cold war, a practice far from being negative by itself. This is, no doubt, an important new quality and a sign of the strengthened role of the Security Council. This tendency, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is convinced it shares the opinion of many other countries, is laudable only if the Security Council unanimity does not reflect the absolute supremacy and arbitrary role of some of its permanent members, to which other countries acquiesce tacitly or which they at least do not disapprove overtly, aware of their inability in the given constellation of forces to exercise decisive influence and thus modify or even prevent adoption of certain decisions.", "14. With all this in mind and without prejudice to the importance of the Security Council and the universality of interests and the need to establish durable and stable peace, the processes initiated within the \"Agenda\" should include all those concerned, all United Nations Member States, in mapping out future solutions. The most appropriate form of their involvement is through their activity in the General Assembly, while the role of this main United Nations body should be considerably strengthened.", "15. As a State that has contributed greatly to the formulation of the role of United Nations peace-keeping forces and other United Nations activities, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia does understand the importance of United Nations peace-keeping operations and its regular financing.", "16. The experience of all United Nations peace-keeping missions, and particularly that acquired in civil wars, such as in former Bosnia-Herzegovina and Somalia, has proved that one of the priority roles of these missions is to provide humanitarian assistance. The special problem is to ensure the protection of United Nations forces. Considering the complexity of these issues, an efficient solution of the problem that would ensure a smooth running of United Nations activities, particularly those in which use of force is involved, must be sought on the basis of strict observance of the principles of the Charter and the relevant provisions of international law, and a carefully thought-out and worked-out concept, taking account of all relevant elements and specificities of the State and the region in question. The United Nations should therefore be involved in a country exclusively with the consent of the country concerned. This all the more so since the United Nations mandate is being ever more frequently extended to include questions falling traditionally within the competence of States themselves, while solutions are being increasingly sought through arrangements that include the use of force either by the United Nations or by resorting to military assistance outside the United Nations system, to which the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has very strong objections.", "17. A future international order that would be based on precedents, depart from, or even flagrantly violate, the basic principles of the Charter and international law, resort to double standards, as has been the unfortunate practice in dealing with the Yugoslav crisis, particularly evident in the international recognition of the forcible secession of the administrative parts of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the refusal to recognize the legality of the international continuity of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, as well as in the establishment of the unjust, unfair and almost racist sanctions against an entire nation, would not only be dangerous and lead to chaos, but would, no doubt, become a source of lasting tension, conflicts and threats to peace and security. The Yugoslav example provides abundant evidence in this regard.", "18. This evidence is replete with ever more frequent and dangerous attempts to involve regional organizations outside the territories of their member States (EC, NATO, the Western European Union (WEU) and the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)) under the pretext of enlisting their cooperation with the United Nations in maintaining peace and security. This is done for the very obvious reason of accomplishing in this way special political, strategic and other goals and interests. Particularly unacceptable is the effort to use the United Nations as a smokescreen for achieving separate and essentially expansionist goals. It is the bounden duty of the United Nations to prevent these attempts. These issues must be given serious consideration also during their discussion within the preparation of the \"Agenda\", if we are to ensure the United Nations a new place and role in maintaining peace and security and promote progress and prosperity all over the world.", "19. The experience acquired from the Yugoslav crisis reveals a new tendency, which, if continued, could have very serious repercussions for the future development of international relations. In point of fact, the United Nations and its Security Council resort must more easily today to the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter. In doing so, they depart ever more frequently from the basic principles of the Charter and from the spirit and norms of international law or interpret them very broadly, sometimes even arbitrarily. The most striking example is the decision to establish an International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia. It is obvious that a small number of countries had a decisive influence on the adoption of such a decision, whereby they sought to realize some of their specific interests by abusing the authority of the United Nations.", "20. It is extremely dangerous if Security Council decisions are adopted hastily, if they are based on false accusations and are politically motivated, which, unfortunately, has often been the case in the process of dealing with the Yugoslav crisis.", "21. Such precedents pay lip service to the credibility and authority of the world Organization, they are not conducive to confidence-building and cannot serve as a model for solving future conflicts. The unjust, unfair and extremely tough sanctions imposed against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia are tell‑tale evidence of the unacceptable departure from the established principles of the Charter and the fundamental principles and norms of international law.", "22. A glaring example of duplicity and double standard has been the denial of the right of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to participate in the activities of the United Nations and of other international bodies and organizations. Such a method of punishing a State, a full-fledged Member of the United Nations, which has no legal grounds in the Charter or in international law, is far from being suitable for solving international problems and conflicts. It is particularly unsuitable for dealing with a civil war like the one being waged in the territory of the former Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina.", "23. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia attaches absolute priority in its international relations to political means in solving all conflicts and disputes and, in this context, it highly appreciates and welcomes the efforts of the Secretary-General to bring about a peaceful settlement of some crises and conflicts. Special attention in the elaboration of the future United Nations activities within the \"Agenda\" should therefore be devoted to peaceful settlement of disputes and to preventive diplomacy. In this context, the International Court of Justice, whose role has been unjustly neglected, should be given added importance and its expert and unbiased advice should be sought and used much more often in the future.", "24. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is of the opinion that force and coercive measures, sanctions in particular, under Chapter VII of the Charter should be resorted to only as a final option to be used only after the international community has exhausted all other means in the quest for a peaceful solution. Coercive measures, sanctions in particular, cannot solve an international conflict, especially not a civil war, and they have never been nor can they be an alternative to the settlement of problems and conflicts by peaceful and political means in accordance with the Charter. If the international community would nevertheless opt for coercive measures, this option must be based on the Charter and backed by relevant evidence and explanation. The procedure for the adoption of such a decision and the decision itself must leave no room for doubt as to whether the situation addressed by the Security Council justifies the adoption of the measures on the basis of Chapter VII nor to question the motives of the Security Council in taking such a decision.", "25. An exhaustive study of the measures taken against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under Chapter VII of the Charter, particularly of the effects of the sanctions on Yugoslavia, as well as on Yugoslavia's neighbours and other countries of the region, would certainly facilitate the discussion of the issues envisaged by the \"Agenda\". It would help put in proper perspective all the negative experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its neighbour States in dealing with United Nations sanctions, particularly their effects on the most vulnerable categories of the population - infants, children, the old and the ailing.", "26. Looking back on all the experience Yugoslavia has had with the attempts of the international community to solve the Yugoslav crisis, especially with the harmful consequences of United Nations sanctions, it is proposed that sanctions should be imposed very selectively and only as a means of last resort and that they should be of limited duration.", "27. Considering the very serious consequences of the sanctions for the overall socio-political life of the country on which they are imposed and of the countries affected by them indirectly, there is every justice in the request that special attention be accorded also to the establishment of mechanisms for rendering financial and other assistance to the countries affected by sanctions through no fault of their own.", "28. The destructive and far-reaching negative consequences of present-day conflicts, especially of civil and inter-ethnic wars, increasing in number in recent years, point to the need that some of the issues dealt with in the \"Agenda\" related to the period following the cessation of a conflict be given special emphasis in future deliberations. In this context, in addition to the issues related to economic recovery and reconstruction, of special importance are humanitarian issues as well as the issues related to the protection of human rights.", "29. In general and considering the principle of justice, peace and security, as well as the problem of the constellation of forces at every given moment, it is quite legitimate to ask whether sanctions should be mandatory or recommendable by nature, that is, whether they should be better left to the political will and assessment of individual Member States to decide for themselves on their implementation. The legitimacy of this issue is best illustrated in the case of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. There are quite a number of countries that consider that sanctions against Yugoslavia are too tough, unjust and unfair, but they have to implement them because of the decision of the Security Council.", "30. The set of issues from the field of human rights and ensuring a consistent implementation of generally accepted standards must certainly be in the focus of interests and activity of the United Nations. However, it is unacceptable and absolutely inadmissible that this sensitive matter is used as a pretext for interference in internal affairs of sovereign States, particularly in cases of intervention. The sensitivity and complexity of this matter and in particular the specificity of every region and country, leave no room for any arbitrariness and wilfulness. The responsibility of the United Nations in this field is enormous.", "31. The activities of the United Nations must not be subordinated to the exclusive interests either of the countries that are the object of the activities or of those which, guided by their separate interests, may aspire to channel the activities of the United Nations in directions that correspond with their interests alone. Within the discussion of the issues dealt with in the \"Agenda\", special efforts should be made to establish a stable mechanism that would ensure an objective approach to and equality in rendering humanitarian assistance and would eliminate each and every bias of States that, as a rule, are principal donors. Needless to say, a consistent implementation of the principles of the Charter and of the relevant rules of international law must be the basis for undertaking any action under the auspices or through a mechanism of the United Nations.", "32. In this context, a singular benchmark is the experience acquired in the Yugoslav crisis, in particular in the civil, inter-ethnic and religious war in former Bosnia-Herzegovina. It goes without saying that civil wars threaten the basic human rights of all, irrespective of national origin. Nobody is innocent in a civil war. This must, therefore, be the point of departure in rendering humanitarian assistance and in considering threats to human rights in war‑affected areas. Punishing one side in a civil war alone cannot provide a sound basis for a lasting and just solution.", "33. There is, therefore, hardly any justification for punishing a State that is not a party to a conflict, as has been the case with the imposition of sanctions only against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under an unfounded and absurd accusation that it has committed aggression against former Bosnia‑Herzegovina. This is apparent also to key international factors, particularly those which initiated and forced their establishment.", "34. In accordance with the principled position of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on the use of force and coercive measures, the sensitivity of issues related to \"rapid intervention forces\", to which the Secretary-General attaches great importance, is stressed. These complex issues call for a thorough elaboration to which all United Nations Member States should make a contribution since they are certainly most directly interested in laying out a clear framework in this regard.", "35. In conclusion, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia pledges once again its readiness to make a full contribution to the elaboration of the \"Agenda for Peace\", as well as to all the activities of the United Nations and other international organizations in accordance with the principles and goals of the Charter of the United Nations and the basic principles and norms of international law.", "II. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS", "ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH-EAST ASIAN NATIONS", "[Original: English]", "[26 July 1993]", "1. The United Nations is central to the maintenance of international security and order. The Secretary-General's proposals in his report \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) represent new thinking and an innovative approach towards strengthening this United Nations role, as spelt out in the Charter. It is a reflection of the changed global strategic conditions that the United Nations can now more effectively perform its preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peace-keeping and peace-building functions that play an essential part in conflict prevention and conflict resolution. However, new conflicts and problems have emerged at the regional and subregional levels, thereby resulting in increased demands on the United Nations.", "2. In the Asia-Pacific region, the shifts in the global strategic balance have already led to adjustments in the policies of the major Powers as well as in those of the regional countries. In view of the present uncertainties, ASEAN has endeavoured to establish with the major Asia-Pacific countries mechanisms for continuous regional security dialogues and consultations to anticipate and resolve problems before they reach the crisis or conflict level. In this regard, ASEAN and the major Powers can complement some of the regional conflict-prevention and conflict-resolution roles of the United Nations in the Asia‑Pacific. In South-East Asia, it was the efforts of the United Nations through the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) that led to the peaceful and successful outcome of the general elections in Cambodia in May 1993. ASEAN would like to see the United Nations continue with its regional role in preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peace-keeping and post-conflict peace-building. ASEAN also believes that the cause of international peace and stability will be strengthened by global economic dynamism and social development.", "Preventive diplomacy", "3. ASEAN endorses the Secretary-General's views on preventive diplomacy and, in particular, the proposals to develop the concept of preventive diplomacy through measures such as confidence-building, fact-finding and early warning. It is vital that potential conflicts be identified and limited before they erupt. ASEAN can play a role in regional preventive diplomacy in cooperation with the United Nations. The principle of preventive diplomacy and the peaceful settlement of disputes is enshrined in the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in South-East Asia.", "4. ASEAN supports in principle confidence-building measures identified by the Secretary-General. ASEAN itself can be seen as a successful exercise in regional confidence-building. It has initiated broad concepts of regional confidence-building such as the Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality and the South-East Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone. The ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea is another example of regional confidence-building. ASEAN has also supported the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms.", "5. ASEAN welcomes the adoption by consensus of General Assembly resolution 47/120 of 18 December 1992, which, inter alia, includes some important decisions on fact-finding. In endorsing the Declaration on Fact-finding by the United Nations in the Field of the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, as adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 46/59 on 9 December 1991, ASEAN notes that fact-finding missions undertaken by the Secretary-General, the Security Council or the Assembly would adhere to the guidelines adopted by the Assembly, in particular prior consent of the States involved. Article 99 of the Charter allows the Secretary-General to request the Security Council to consider and act on matters that may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security, and this can serve as an element of preventive diplomacy.", "6. ASEAN agrees with many of the Secretary-General's proposals on early warning, namely, efforts to establish an effective early-warning mechanism and that regional organizations have an important role to play in early warning.", "Peacemaking", "7. ASEAN supports the Secretary-General's proposal for a greater role for the Security Council in the peaceful settlement of disputes, as indicated in Chapter VI of the Charter. The Council should remain the primary organ for the maintenance of international peace and security and resolving issues that have led to conflict. The General Assembly as a universal body should be utilized as appropriate in pre-empting or containing situations that threatened international peace and security. This has been demonstrated in ASEAN's experience with the Cambodian issue. Special representatives of the Secretary-General could also be appointed for specific regions/countries in order to enhance the knowledge of the United Nations and give forewarning of potential trouble spots. ASEAN also believes that, in cases of conflict, peacemaking could be facilitated by international action to ameliorate these circumstances. A more effective International Court of Justice would be desirable.", "8. ASEAN is also of the view that, in drawing up sanctions regimes, the Security Council should take into account humanitarian considerations. In this regard, the Council should undertake a study on the effectiveness of various types of sanctions in achieving desired objectives.", "9. ASEAN in principle supports the Secretary-General's advocation of the use of military force as a transition to United Nations enforcement actions when peaceful measures fail. With a view to improving peace-keeping operations, the experience of how UNTAC has worked out, both on the ground and at United Nations Headquarters, together with the possibility of setting up a United Nations force for peace-enforcement, could be further studied. There should be flexibility in assembling the forces since there are countries with constitutional constraints and problems of public opinion. The main bulk of the peace-enforcement units could come from those countries which are willing to offer forces.", "Peace-keeping", "10. ASEAN generally supports the Secretary-General's proposals on peace‑keeping pertaining to financial and logistical issues. However, ASEAN believes that there is a need to make United Nations peace-keeping operations more cost‑effective. ASEAN also urges all countries to pay their assessed contributions in full and on time. Personnel offered for peace-keeping activities must be highly competent, experienced and well-trained to cope with the increasingly challenging task of implementing and enforcing United Nations mandates. Training of personnel for peace-keeping operations should be based on agreed United Nations standards and concepts of operations.", "Peace-building", "11. ASEAN shares in the Secretary-General's belief that peace-building should be viewed as a counterpart to preventive diplomacy. Peace-building, especially in post-conflict situations, should address not only political problems of institutional and infrastructure development but also non-military threats to security such as the economic and social causes of instability.", "Financing", "12. ASEAN recognizes that a solid and stable financial foundation constitutes a vital precondition for the effective and efficient implementation of all United Nations programmes and activities. This is particularly true today when the Organization is confronted with increasing demands and challenges in particular in the area of peace-keeping operations. Currently, the United Nations is administering 14 peace-keeping operations in various regions of the world. This unprecedented increase in the number of peace-keeping operations undertaken by the United Nations since its inception is certainly stretching its scarce resources as the receipt of contributions has not kept pace with the cash requirements of each operation. This deplorable financial situation of the United Nations still remains and is simply due to the fact that a number of Member States fail to meet their statutory obligations under the Charter, which require them to pay their assessed contributions on time, both to the regular budget and to the peace-keeping operations. ASEAN therefore urges all the Member States to pay their assessed contributions in full and on time.", "Conclusion", "13. ASEAN welcomes and commends many of the proposals of the Secretary-General in his report \"An Agenda for Peace\". The Asia-Pacific region in the 1990s is in a healthy state, its countries are at peace both internally and with each other. Major international changes that have occurred after the end of the cold war have generated some uncertainties but also provided an historic opportunity for international cooperation to strengthen the prospects for global peace and prosperity. The world community has an obligation to act in order to save future generations from the scourge of war. The Secretary-General's proposals as contained in \"An Agenda for Peace\" are important steps towards international peace and stability. In enhancing the effectiveness of the United Nations in the maintenance of international peace and security, one cannot ignore the urgent need for a comprehensive and integrated approach towards peace, development and democracy. The time has come for the United Nations to move beyond recognizing that peace and prosperity are interrelated, and to adopt concrete measures and programmes of action.", "COMMONWEALTH SECRETARIAT", "[For the full text, see document S/25996/Add.2.]", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/403/Add.1", "S/26450/Add.1", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS/ARABE/", "FRANCAIS/RUSSE", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.ASSEMBLEE GENERALE CONSEIL DE SECURITE", "Quarante-huitième session Quarante-huitième année", "Point 87 de l'ordre du jour", "ETUDE D'ENSEMBLE DE TOUTE LA QUESTION", "DES OPERATIONS DE MAINTIEN DE LA PAIX", "SOUS TOUS LEURS ASPECTS", "Renforcement de la capacité de l'Organisation des Nations Unies", "dans le domaine du maintien de la paix", "Rapport du Secrétaire général", "Additif", "TABLE DES MATIERES", "Page", "I. REPONSES RECUES DES ETATS MEMBRES[1] 3", "Australie 3", "Fédération de Russie 3", "France 9", "Namibie 15", "Qatar 17", "Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord 17", "Suède 26", "TABLE DES MATIERES", "Page", "Thaïlande 28", "Yougoslavie 29", "II. REPONSES DES ORGANISATIONS INTERGOUVERMENTALES 38", "Association des nations de l'Asie du Sud-Est 28", "Secrétariat du Commonwealth 41", "I. REPONSES RECUES DES ETATS MEMBRES", "AUSTRALIE", "[Original : anglais]", "[6 août 1993]", "1. L'\"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277-S/24111) souligne que la nature des opérations de maintien de la paix a évolué rapidement depuis quelques années. Les mandats sont devenus plus complexes; la taille et la composition des forces de maintien de la paix ainsi que le nombre d'opérations menées simultanément n'ont rien de commun avec ce que l'on a connu au cours des 40 premières années d'existence de l'Organisation.", "2. Ce développement des opérations de maintien de la paix et la diversification des tâches des responsables du maintien de la paix n'ont pas été, bien souvent, l'aboutissement d'un débat ni le résultat d'un consensus explicite quant au rôle revenant à l'ONU et à d'autres organismes, ou quant aux limites politiques et pratiques du maintien de la paix.", "3. Les demandes en matière de maintien de la paix dépassent les capacités actuelles de l'ONU en matière de planification et de logistique, et exigent des Etats Membres de nouvelles ressources financières et humaines. On s'accorde à reconnaître que l'ONU est trop sollicitée alors que son organisation, ses ressources et ses procédures ne lui permettent pas de faire face à toutes les demandes.", "4. C'est pourquoi il y a lieu de convenir à l'avance des conditions de déploiement des opérations de maintien de la paix, et de définir de manière plus précise les limites raisonnables de l'intervention de l'Organisation.", "5. Le Gouvernement australien est en train de réfléchir au meilleur moyen d'articuler ces conditions. Parallèlement, il appuie pleinement les efforts visant à améliorer l'efficacité des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'ONU. Il se félicite des récentes réformes visant à renforcer les capacités du Secrétariat en matière de planification, de logistique, de commandement et de contrôle des opérations de maintien de la paix. L'Australie continuera de jouer un rôle actif dans l'examen et la formulation de propositions par les Etats Membres, en consultation avec le Secrétaire général, en ce qui concerne les mesures pratiques à prendre pour améliorer l'efficacité des opérations de maintien de la paix.", "FEDERATION DE RUSSIE", "[14 septembre 1993]", "[Original : russe]", "1. Les profonds changements qui se sont produits dans le monde au cours des dernières années ont également modifié la nature des défis à la paix et à la sécurité internationales. La principale menace n'est plus la possibilité du déclenchement d'un conflit nucléaire entre les grandes puissances mais l'explosion de crises régionales de caractère national, ethnique ou religieux.", "2. Les priorités de la communauté internationale dans le domaine de la sécurité se modifient concurremment. La plupart des Etats concentrent maintenant leur attention sur les activités de maintien de la paix; il est donc devenu nécessaire de renforcer la capacité de l'ONU dans le domaine du rétablissement de la paix.", "3. La Fédération de Russie note avec satisfaction qu'au cours des dernières années, l'ONU, malgré les nombreuses difficultés qu'elle a rencontrées sur son chemin, a fait des progrès considérables, adaptant ses activités de rétablissement de la paix à l'évolution des situations. Il n'est pas nécessaire de mentionner ici les principaux faits et tendances qui sont bien connus.", "4. En même temps, de nouveaux problèmes ont surgi. Tout en comptant de plus en plus sur les efforts de paix de l'ONU, les Etats montrent souvent de la réticence à étayer ces espoirs par des contributions concrètes et à engager les ressources matérielles, techniques, financières et humaines nécessaires. Ils vont même parfois jusqu'à manifester leur impatience et exprimer des critiques, lorsque les activités de maintien de la paix de l'ONU se bloquent ou ne donnent pas immédiatement des résultats notables. La sécurité mondiale et l'avenir même de l'Organisation dépendront pour une large part de la mesure dans laquelle l'ONU pourra s'adapter, avec souplesse et efficacité, aux réalités d'un monde nouveau.", "5. Le rapport du Secrétaire général intitulé \"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277‑S/24111) a fait considérablement avancer la notion de rétablissement de la paix. L'examen approfondi de ce document par le Conseil de sécurité a démontré qu'il était urgent d'appliquer les dispositions qu'il contenait et de définir les priorités communes des Etats Membres de l'ONU.", "6. L'Assemblée générale a également entamé un débat de fond centré sur l'Agenda pour la paix, dont on attend les résultats avec intérêt.", "7. Dans ce contexte, la Russie appuie pleinement la recommandation du Conseil de sécurité tendant à ce que tous les Etats envisagent de participer aux opérations internationales de maintien de la paix et de les appuyer dans le cadre de leurs politiques extérieures et en matière de sécurité nationale. Ce principe fondamental est reflété dans les documents et instruments réglementaires que la Russie élabore actuellement dans le domaine de la politique extérieure.", "8. Les dispositions contenues dans la déclaration faite par le Président du Conseil de sécurité le 28 mai 1993 (S/25859) ont pour but de contribuer à préciser et développer l'orientation politique générale et les principes opérationnels régissant la conduite des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'ONU. Le document établi par le Groupe spécial d'experts sur la coopération dans le domaine du maintien de la paix, établi par le Conseil de coopération de l'Atlantique Nord a également apporté une contribution utile à la détermination de la base des opérations de maintien de la paix. De l'avis de la Russie, les dispositions contenues dans ce document pourraient être prises en compte dans l'établissement d'un rapport par le Secrétaire général de l'ONU.", "9. On pourrait améliorer considérablement l'efficacité des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'Organisation en recourant plus activement et plus largement aux ressources offertes par la diplomatie préventive. Parmi les nouveaux aspects de cette activité, la Russie accueille avec satisfaction le premier déploiement préventif d'un contingent des Nations Unies en Macédoine, en tant que mesure importante dans la recherche de nouvelles approches dans le domaine de la prévention des conflits. Le développement de la notion de \"zones de sécurité\" pourrait également présenter un intérêt.", "10. La Fédération de Russie est prête à fournir au Secrétaire général des informations essentielles, y compris de caractère confidentiel, afin d'assurer l'efficacité de la diplomatie préventive et des activités de maintien de la paix dans leur ensemble.", "11. La Fédération de Russie appuie l'idée que le Conseil de sécurité devrait utiliser pleinement les pouvoirs dont il dispose en vertu de la Charte afin d'engager les parties à un conflit dans la voie d'un règlement politique négocié. Elle se félicite des efforts énergiques et utiles déployés par le Secrétaire général au cours des derniers mois pour exercer ses prérogatives dans le domaine de la médiation et des bons offices, et estime que les consultations étroites et régulières qu'il a tenues en même temps avec les membres du Conseil de sécurité sont d'une grande importance pour l'élaboration d'une stratégie commune.", "12. La Fédération de Russie considère qu'il est important d'élaborer dès que possible des arrangements spécifiques en vue de l'application des dispositions de l'Article 50 de la Charte des Nations Unies. Il serait notamment judicieux de renforcer la pratique suivant laquelle le Conseil de sécurité recommande au Fonds monétaire international, à la Banque mondiale et aux autres institutions financières multilatérales de prendre dûment compte des difficultés causées aux \"pays tiers\" par les sanctions, lorsque ces organisations leur allouent des fonds.", "13. L'expérience des récentes opérations de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies, notamment en Bosnie-Herzégovine, au Cambodge et en Somalie, démontrent l'importance d'une coordination efficace entre la planification, la préparation, le soutien logistique et le contrôle de la conduite des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'ONU. Cela implique une interface clairement définie entre les contingents nationaux, une bonne organisation du système de commandement et l'élaboration de règles précises régissant la conduite des opérations et de critères pour l'emploi de la force. Il va sans dire que les opérations de maintien de la paix dotées de mandats \"difficiles\" exigent une approche spéciale, applicable également à la sélection de contingents de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies (compte dûment tenu de leur expérience et de leur efficacité au combat) et à l'utilité de mesures d'exécution, etc.", "14. Il est indispensable que les opérations soient lancées dans le contexte d'objectifs de règlement politique clairement définis et non pas seulement en tant que réponse de la communauté internationale face à des situations où elle se sent contrainte de \"faire quelque chose\".", "15. Une base financière saine est un élément vital du succès des activités de maintien de la paix. La crise actuelle dans ce domaine est due principalement au manque de volonté politique de la part des Etats de promouvoir la stabilité internationale par le biais des activités de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies, comme il ressort notamment du fait (cité dans le rapport Volcker‑Ogata, A/48/460, annexe) qu'en moyenne pour 1 000 dollars dépensés par les Etats au titre de la défense, 1,50 dollar seulement est alloué aux efforts de maintien de la paix de l'ONU.", "16. Il faudrait s'attacher à mettre au point des arrangements visant à assurer un contrôle plus rigoureux de la planification et de l'utilisation rationnelle des ressources humaines matérielles et techniques affectées aux opérations des Nations Unies. On pourrait notamment renforcer le rôle du Comité consultatif pour les questions administratives et budgétaires à tous les stades de la préparation et de l'exécution des budgets de fonctionnement de l'ONU.", "17. Il faudrait également examiner la question de l'appui financier au stade initial d'une opération en cas de déploiement d'urgence. La Russie est prête à appuyer la proposition du Secrétaire général tendant à mettre au point des procédures visant à accélérer l'allocation de ressources pour une nouvelle opération, dès qu'elle a été instituée par le Conseil de sécurité.", "18. La Fédération de Russie émet toujours des doutes au sujet de la création d'un budget unique pour toutes les opérations, car cela ne réglerait pas le problème essentiel du contrôle des dépenses et du renforcement de l'efficacité des opérations, et n'améliorerait en rien la situation en matière de trésorerie.", "19. La Fédération de Russie estime qu'il est grand temps d'envisager de diversifier les sources de financement des opérations de maintien de la paix en renforçant la responsabilité matérielle des Etats d'accueil et d'autres Etats ayant un intérêt direct dans la fin du conflit. Il pourrait être utile d'obtenir des ressources d'organisations régionales, des contributions volontaires, y compris de sources non gouvernementales et dans certains cas de recourir à des contributions en nature.", "20. Il est temps de prendre des mesures spécifiques afin d'examiner le barème des quotes-parts au budget des opérations des Nations Unies.", "21. Il serait particulièrement opportun, compte tenu des tâches actuelles de l'Organisation, d'examiner les moyens d'améliorer le mécanisme de rétablissement de la paix des Nations Unies indiqués ci-après :", "a) Il faudra renforcer les structures en matière de planification, de préparation et de gestion des opérations des Nations Unies et peut-être mettre en place de nouveaux mécanismes. Aux termes de la Charte des Nations Unies, le Comité d'état-major est chargé du commandement stratégique des forces armées mises à la disposition du Conseil de sécurité. Sa revitalisation mériterait d'être étudiée sérieusement. Si cet organe pouvait se concentrer sur des actions spécifiques et associer à ses travaux des représentants des pays fournissant la majeure partie des contingents (par exemple conformément à l'Article 47 de la Charte), il pourrait alors, sous la direction du Conseil de sécurité, assumer le commandement général des opérations, élaborer des propositions précises sur la coopération entre l'ONU et les organisations régionales dans un domaine donné, etc. La répartition des tâches entre les diverses unités du Secrétariat doit être définie plus clairement. La Russie estime qu'il faut renforcer la position centrale du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix et inclure, dans son personnel de base, des spécialistes qualifiés dans de nombreux domaines, qui pourraient être associés de diverses manières au lancement d'opérations urgentes;", "b) Il faudrait examiner sérieusement le commandement et le contrôle des opérations sur le terrain. Une direction efficace par le commandant des forces des Nations Unies, une étroite coordination des activités des contingents de divers pays et leur respect du mandat confié au Conseil de sécurité sont des éléments d'une importance primordiale. A cette fin, il est essentiel de définir clairement les relations et la coopération au sein du commandement des opérations (y compris leurs composantes militaire et civile) et d'établir un centre opérationnel unique qui fonctionnerait efficacement 24 heures sur 24;", "c) La Russie souscrit aux idées sous-tendant la notion de \"forces de réserve\" des Nations Unies proposée par le Secrétaire général. Le Conseil suprême examine actuellement un projet de loi sur la participation de la Russie aux opérations de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies. Après son adoption, la Russie envisage d'engager des négociations afin de conclure un accord avec l'ONU sur la fourniture de personnel militaire, civil et auxiliaire prêt à intervenir à tout moment, et de ressources et services matériels et techniques pour des opérations de maintien de la paix en cours ou prévues. La Russie a déjà donné à l'ONU des informations sur une partie des ressources dont elle disposait (deux divisions sanitaires);", "d) Il est indispensable de pouvoir lancer des opérations dans les plus brefs délais lorsque des accords fragiles dans des \"points chauds\" peuvent et doivent être renforcés par une présence des Nations Unies, en commençant par l'envoi d'observateurs. Le temps s'écoulant entre l'adoption d'une décision par le Conseil de sécurité et le début effectif des opérations devrait être considérablement réduit;", "e) En décidant de lancer une opération, notamment une opération de grande envergure, le Conseil de sécurité doit examiner non seulement son opportunité politique, son coût et les risques encourus par le personnel mais également le problème du \"retrait\" de l'opération. Il ne devrait pas y avoir d'intervention à durée illimitée. Toutefois, ce principe ne doit pas être érigé en dogme. Dans des cas exceptionnels, en l'absence d'un règlement politique viable, les Etats Membres de l'ONU devraient décider de prolonger l'opération car \"il vaut mieux une mauvaise paix qu'une bonne guerre\". La pratique consistant à inclure dans les décisions du Conseil de sécurité des dispositions liant la présence de personnels des Nations Unies dans des zones de conflit aux progrès réalisés vers un règlement politique devrait être appliquée plus largement;", "f) Il est urgent d'améliorer les procédures de recrutement et de formation du personnel, y compris le personnel civil. Il faudrait notamment préciser les critères de recrutement du personnel civil et normaliser les recommandations sur la formation de cette catégorie de personnel en vue de sa participation aux opérations des Nations Unies. Il serait utile de créer des \"contingents de réserve\" nationaux constitués de spécialistes civils volontaires. La Russie juge souhaitable que le Secrétariat de l'ONU établisse une liste indiquant les compétences exigées des candidats et les conditions qu'ils doivent remplir, qu'il transmettrait aux pays donateurs potentiels.", "22. La question de la sécurité du personnel a pris récemment une importance particulière. A ce sujet, la Russie préconise l'adoption des mesures les plus résolues, y compris celles qui consisteraient à poursuivre en justice les personnes et organisations coupables d'attaques et autres actes de violence contre les \"bérets bleus\". La conclusion obligatoire d'accords avec les pays d'accueil sur le statut des forces des Nations Unies constitue une solution partielle au problème et ne répond pas à toutes les questions. Toutefois, l'application de mesures énergiques permettant de défendre les contingents des Nations Unies ne devrait pas se transformer en opérations militaires de caractère punitif, ni entraîner l'implication de l'ONU dans des conflits internes.", "23. Le droit de l'ONU de poursuivre en justice les personnes qui emploient la force contre des membres du personnel des Nations Unies doit avoir un caractère juridiquement contraignant. Le prochain débat de la Cour internationale de Justice sur l'ex‑Yougoslavie pourrait constituer un précédent à cet égard.", "24. La consolidation de la paix après les conflits fait partie intégrante des opérations de maintien de la paix; sans cet aspect, les pays sortant de la phase \"active\" d'un conflit ne pourraient être reconstruits. La Russie souhaiterait en particulier que soient étudiées l'expérience et les capacités de l'ONU et d'autres organismes internationaux dans ce domaine en ce qui concerne la consolidation de la paix dans les républiques de l'ex‑Union soviétique.", "25. La Fédération de Russie juge utiles les propositions visant à décentraliser la responsabilité de maintien de la paix et du rétablissement de la paix et souscrit à l'idée de renforcer le rôle des organisations régionales dans ce domaine, conformément au Chapitre VIII de la Charte. Les progrès dans cette voie devraient être graduels, et une condition indispensable serait que le Conseil de sécurité assume la responsabilité principale de maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales.", "26. La Fédération de Russie se félicite de la conclusion entre l'ONU et la Conférence sur la sécurité et la coopération en Europe (CSCE) d'un accord‑cadre sur la coopération et la coordination, et prend note des efforts de la CSCE, de la Communauté européenne, de l'OTAN et de l'Union de l'Europe occidentale visant à régler le conflit sur le territoire de l'ex‑Yougoslavie, sur la base de décisions du Conseil de sécurité et sous sa direction politique.", "27. La question de rétablissement de la paix dans le territoire de l'ex‑Union soviétique revêt une importance capitale pour la Fédération de Russie. Les mécanismes collectifs de la Communauté d'Etats indépendants dans ce domaine de même que les accords régionaux sur le règlement des conflits dans certaines régions de l'ex‑URSS font maintenant l'objet d'une application plus active et la coopération entre ces mécanismes et l'ONU et la CSCE se renforce. En tant que partie à ces mécanismes et accords, la Fédération de Russie apprécie la contribution concrète apportée par l'ONU au règlement de ces conflits et est prête à renforcer sa coopération avec l'Organisation.", "FRANCE", "[Original : français]", "[28 juillet 1993]", "1. La France a pris connaissance avec satisfaction du rapport du Secrétaire général daté du 15 juin 1993 (S/25944) concernant l'application des recommandations figurant dans l'\"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277-S/24111). Elle se réjouit des mesures déjà prises.", "2. Conformément aux voeux exprimés par le Secrétaire général, le Gouvernement français entend contribuer à la réflexion en cours et communiquer les considérations suivantes.", "I. UNE MEILLEURE PREPARATION DES OPERATIONS", "DE MAINTIEN DE LA PAIX", "Le renforcement du Secrétariat", "3. La France se félicite de voir les moyens en hommes et en infrastructures du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix s'accroître de manière sensible. Cet effort doit se poursuivre tant au sein des divisions civiles que militaire de ce département. Cette montée en puissance, impératif reconnu par tous, constitue une nécessité pour répondre à l'augmentation continue des opérations de maintien de la paix qui demandent un suivi politique et militaire constant.", "4. Parallèlement, le Gouvernement français approuve sans réserve la démarche du Secrétaire général visant à dépêcher des missions d'enquête sur les terrains où l'Organisation internationale est appelée, ou risque d'être appelée, à intervenir. Comme le souligne le Secrétaire général dans son propre rapport du 15 juin 1993, la masse d'informations recueillies par ces missions, ou communiquées par les pays membres, doit être traitée efficacement. Pour cette raison également il apparaît indispensable de continuer à renforcer les moyens du Secrétariat, particulièrement la division militaire et la salle de situation du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix.", "Une planification militaire plus poussée", "5. La fonction de planification militaire est aujourd'hui aussi cruciale que le suivi politique des différents conflits en cours. L'Organisation des Nations Unies est amenée à déployer des missions de maintien de la paix unissant des Etats de tradition militaire diverse. Elle doit disposer d'une structure de veille et, à terme de planification, plus efficace pour prévoir les situations de crise, réagir rapidement et faciliter la planification initiale des opérations en fonction des contraintes très spécifiques des Nations Unies.", "6. Les efforts doivent s'orienter dans trois directions :", "a) Avant même l'annonce par les Etats Membres de leurs contributions, il devra être procédé à l'élaboration d'un concept opérationnel initial reposant sur un audit militaire plus poussé et, à terme, sur une ébauche de planification, en concertation avec le Représentant spécial du Secrétaire général compétent. Ceci doit permettre d'améliorer la qualité et le sérieux du plan d'exécution du volet militaire du mandat, traditionnellement décrit dans le rapport du Secrétaire général qui précise le cadre de l'action de chaque mission. C'est pourquoi une structure nouvelle rattachée au Secrétariat et composée d'officiers disposant d'une expérience solide en matière de planification devrait être mise progressivement sur pied. Elle devrait conserver une taille compatible avec la souplesse attendue de ce genre de structure;", "b) Dès le principe d'un déploiement acquis, cette structure devrait être renforcée dès que possible par des représentants des Etats contributeurs chargés de préparer la planification opérationnelle proprement dite, en liaison avec l'état-major à déployer sur le terrain;", "c) Par ailleurs, des cellules de planification générique existent déjà dans plusieurs organisations politico-militaires multilatérales, notamment à l'OTAN et à l'Union européenne occidentale. Les contacts et les échanges de vues entre l'ONU et ces organisations, qui disposent d'une expérience et d'un savoir‑faire reconnus, sont nécessaires et doivent être développés, particulièrement pour les zones d'opération couvertes par ces organisations et dans le cas où ces dernières seraient appelées à intervenir directement à la demande de l'ONU. Ces échanges devraient permettre de créer une complémentarité indispensable le jour où experts et soldats de ces organisations seront amenés à travailler côte à côte avec l'ONU sur le terrain.", "Un effort plus poussé en direction des pays contributeurs", "7. Les principaux pays contributeurs en effectifs militaires ont régulièrement exprimé leur souhait d'être informés, au cours du déroulement de la mission, des orientations et des décisions opérationnelles qui sont prises. Le Gouvernement français comprend ces demandes et considère qu'il serait utile qu'un comité de suivi informel, composé de représentants diplomatiques et militaires des pays participant à la mission en question, soit très régulièrement tenu informé, et le cas échéant consulté, par le Département des opérations de maintien de la paix sur les décisions prises ou envisagées. En résumé, s'il est nécessaire d'accroître les moyens d'analyse, de planification et de suivi du Secrétariat il est logique que, parallèlement, les Etats contributeurs soient collectivement mieux informés du bon déroulement de la mission.", "Une meilleure logistique", "8. L'ONU est de plus en plus souvent appelée par la communauté internationale à intervenir très rapidement dans des situations de crise ou d'urgence humanitaire. Cette responsabilité accrue implique que les temps de réaction de l'Organisation soient de plus en plus courts. Cet impératif suppose que l'Organisation dispose à tout moment du matériel nécessaire à la mise en place rapide d'une mission. C'est pourquoi il apparaît nécessaire de renforcer le potentiel logistique des Nations Unies.", "9. Le stockage de matériel d'armement et munitions nécessite un entretien coûteux et suppose un personnel qualifié, familier avec les matériels qu'il manipule. Pour ces raisons notamment il est préférable que le matériel d'armement demeure de manière générale sous la responsabilité exclusive des Etats Membres.", "10. L'expérience récente montre cependant que certains besoins sont constants d'une mission à l'autre. Le maintien de la paix implique le recours à des catégories d'équipement très spécifiques qui ne figurent pas systématiquement en dotation courante dans les contingents appelés à servir sous casque bleu et qui sont susceptibles d'être utilisées sur des théâtres d'opération très divers. Tel est le cas de matériel non militaire (préfabriqués, radios, téléphones, véhicules...) mais également de certains équipements militaires (communications militaires, véhicules de l'avant blindé, drones...). Il est nécessaire que le Secrétariat soit en mesure de fournir au personnel civil et militaire dès leur déploiement ce genre de matériels indispensables à l'accomplissement de leur mandat. On doit donc envisager que le Secrétariat se dote d'un petit stock central de matériels spécifiquement adaptés au maintien de la paix.", "II. UN MEILLEUR DEROULEMENT DES MISSIONS DE MAINTIEN", "DE LA PAIX SUR LE TERRAIN", "Contributions des Etats Membres dans le domaine militaire", "11. Face aux besoins croissants d'intervention de l'ONU, une réforme profonde du système de mobilisation des casques bleus s'impose. S'il est évident que l'Organisation n'a pas aujourd'hui les moyens d'entretenir des forces permanentes, il est indispensable que les Etats Membres préparent des forces mobilisables rapidement. Celles-ci devraient être constituées d'unités préidentifiées (\"marquées à l'oreille\") pour composer un ensemble de modules de forces, entraînés en fonction des tâches de maintien de la paix et équipés de matériels compatibles entre eux. Ces unités (modules de forces) seraient mises à disposition des Nations Unies et mobilisables à tout moment.", "12. Face à la multiplication des opérations de maintien de la paix, les limites actuelles des capacités des principaux pays contributeurs sont atteintes. Les Etats sont désormais conduits, plus que par le passé, à s'impliquer d'abord en fonction de leurs propres intérêts nationaux. A contrario, il arrive également que les pays contributeurs laissent apparaître leur manque d'empressement pour intervenir dans le simple cadre de ce qu'il est aujourd'hui convenu d'appeler \"l'obligation morale\" des membres de la communauté internationale.", "13. Le mécanisme des modules de forces devrait permettre de corriger en grande partie les tendances actuelles, de revenir au principe de neutralité de l'Organisation et de faciliter, par une concertation préalable, l'évaluation par le Secrétaire général des capacités réelles d'intervention de l'Organisation. Il devrait enfin permettre d'impliquer un nombre plus élevé d'Etats Membres dans les missions de maintien de la paix. Il serait en effet souhaitable que chaque Etat Membre se sente concerné par cette démarche et identifie, en fonction de ses propres capacités, la nature des unités qu'il est en mesure de mettre à la disposition éventuelle de l'Organisation. A terme, chaque Etat Membre devrait participer à ce processus.", "Une meilleure interopérabilité des contingents", "14. L'organisation logistique de ces modules de forces implique que tous les contingents appelés à être opérationnels dans des délais très courts disposent d'un socle de connaissances et de méthodes commun. Il apparaît donc nécessaire de concevoir une formation pour l'ensemble des unités concernées. Cette formation, qui s'inscrit en supplément de la formation militaire propre à chaque armée, doit être d'abord dispensée au sein des écoles militaires nationales. Mais l'ONU doit progressivement coordonner, d'abord au niveau des officiers supérieurs, puis en descendant progressivement dans la hiérarchie, des stages spécifiques permettant d'échanger concepts et méthodes. Ces stages doivent être organisés par rotation par les principaux pays contributeurs sous contrôle de l'ONU. Par ailleurs, des exercices communs (d'état-major) doivent être progressivement mis sur pied par l'ONU de manière à tester dans des conditions réalistes l'interopérabilité des contingents et à mettre en lumière les moyens de l'améliorer concrètement.", "Amélioration des moyens d'analyse politique et de suivi des missions", "15. Le mandat des missions récemment déployées comporte un volet politique de plus en plus étendu. Il leur est désormais régulièrement demandé de contrôler les administrations en place, de former de nouvelles forces de police, de fondre différentes factions autrefois rivales en une armée nouvelle, de superviser l'honnêteté de campagnes électorales, etc. Ces tâches répondent entièrement au souci exprimé par tous de voir les missions de maintien de la paix traiter également des origines politiques d'un conflit afin de permettre une consolidation durable de la paix.", "16. Cette responsabilité nouvelle nécessite que la mission qui en est chargée soit en permanence \"à l'écoute\" de l'évolution des positions politiques de toutes les parties au conflit. Ce souci de connaître le mieux possible le terrain politique local est d'autant plus nécessaire que les missions de maintien de la paix dont les effectifs se chiffrent fréquemment en dizaines de milliers d'hommes ne sont pas à l'abri de l'émergence d'un sentiment de rejet de la part d'une population, parfois manipulée par une minorité opposée à la mission en cours. Toute mission dit être en mesure d'anticiper les problèmes qu'elle risque de rencontrer et de faire comprendre aux populations concernées le bien-fondé des décisions qu'elle prend.", "17. C'est pourquoi il serait souhaitable que chaque mission soit systématiquement dotée d'une unité d'analyse politique, rattachée directement au bureau du Représentant spécial. Le rôle de cette unité, composée de spécialistes et d'experts internationaux de la région, serait de suivre attentivement et d'analyser l'évolution de l'environnement politique et des sentiments des parties en présence afin d'informer le Représentant spécial des tendances qui se dessinent au sein de la classe politique et de la population. Les analyses politiques de cette cellule devraient être également transmises au Secrétariat pour son information.", "III. UN MEILLEUR CONTROLE POLITIQUE", "18. La France est résolument en faveur d'un renforcement du contrôle politique sur les opérations de maintien de la paix.", "19. Les différentes étapes de leur déroulement devraient être suivies de façon plus étroite.", "20. La préparation de l'opération doit s'inscrire dans la logique proposée par le Secrétaire général dans l'\"Agenda pour la paix\".", "21. L'envoi sur place de missions d'établissements des faits, auxquels prendraient part des représentants du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix, outre qu'il répondrait pleinement au souhait commun de voir se développer la diplomatie préventive, permettrait de préparer le déploiement de troupes, en incluant les besoins, collectant les informations, et chiffrant les coûts prévisionnels de l'opération. Les rapports de ces missions devraient être transmis dans les meilleurs délais aux Etats Membres, afin qu'ils puissent prendre suffisamment tôt les dispositions nécessaires à leur participation éventuelle.", "22. La pratique consistant à désigner, pour chaque opération, un représentant spécial du Secrétaire général doit être généralisée. Cette désignation est effectuée après consultation des parties au conflit et du Conseil de sécurité. Le rôle de la représentation spéciale est de coordonner les actions des différentes composantes de l'opération (civile, militaire, humanitaire...), d'assurer un contrôle politique et non opérationnel des questions militaires, et de rendre compte régulièrement de sa mission au Secrétaire général et au Conseil de sécurité.", "23. La mise sur pied de l'opération dépend avant tout de la définition par le Conseil de sécurité d'un mandat clair. Sur ce plan, la France souhaiterait que les résolutions \"fondatrices\" des forces de maintien de la paix soient autant que possible plus précises sur deux points :", "a) La définition d'objectifs politiques finaux doit figurer explicitement dans le mandat de la force. Dans un souci de réalisme, ceux-ci pourraient être limités, et ne pas viser nécessairement un règlement complet de la crise;", "b) La définition d'objectifs d'étape doit également figurer dans ce mandat. Un échéancier et un calendrier d'évaluation devraient pouvoir être proposés par le Secrétaire général, dans le rapport qu'il remet au Conseil de sécurité au moment du lancement de chaque opération. Parmi ces objectifs intermédiaires pourraient figurer : le désarmement (partiel ou total) des belligérants, l'instauration et le respect d'un cessez-le-feu, l'envoi sur place de missions de bons offices.", "24. La gestion et le suivi de l'opération pourraient être améliorés :", "a) En développant les moyens encore trop limités de la salle de suivi des opérations du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix. Celle-ci devrait être ouverte non seulement aux membres de ce Département, mais aussi aux représentants militaires des Etats contributeurs, voire des membres du Comité d'état-major institué par l'Article 47 de la Charte;", "b) En utilisant le Représentant spécial du Secrétaire général pour rendre compte de façon régulière (une fois par mois) de l'ensemble de sa mission, du déroulement des opérations, des problèmes rencontrés dans l'exécution du mandat et le respect de l'échéancier préétabli. Le travail de la cellule d'analyse politique de la mission doit être porté à la connaissance du Conseil de sécurité, ainsi que tout autre élément (audits privés...) pouvant éclairer celui-ci;", "c) En envoyant de façon systématique des missions d'inspection composées d'experts mandatés par le Conseil de sécurité et lui rendant compte, afin d'évaluer la situation, et vérifier la bonne adéquation entre le mandat, les moyens de la force et les règles d'engagement, ainsi que l'homogénéité de leur interprétation.", "25. L'association des organisations régionales et des pactes de sécurité aux opérations de maintien de la paix doit être encouragée, sous certaines conditions :", "a) Le Représentant spécial du Secrétaire général reste le responsable de l'opération. Les représentants des organisations régionales et des pactes de sécurité agissent sous son autorité politique;", "b) La formule consistant à désigner un représentant conjoint des Nations Unies et d'une organisation régionale peut aussi être encouragée;", "c) Les représentants des Etats membres de ces pactes et organisations, lorsqu'ils contribuent à l'opération, doivent également pouvoir accéder à la salle de suivi des opérations du Secrétariat.", "IV. UN MEILLEUR CONTROLE FINANCIER", "Des principes confirmés", "26. La question du financement des opérations de maintien de la paix doit faire l'objet d'un suivi attentif et le Gouvernement français :", "a) Tient à rappeler son attachement au système actuel de budget par opération, qui garantit une bonne transparence financière de chacune d'entre elles, et permet un contrôle et un suivi individuel par les Etats Membres;", "b) Reste en faveur d'un financement par contributions obligatoires des opérations, seul moyen d'en garantir l'indépendance, et de leur fournir des ressources stables. Les contributions volontaires ne devraient être acceptées que lorsqu'elles émanent des Etats bénéficiaires des opérations, et lorsque ces derniers en ont la capacité financière;", "c) Souhaite que le lancement de chaque opération soit précédé d'une évaluation détaillée des coûts, et qu'un rapport financier soit communiqué aux Etats Membres avant toute décision au Conseil de sécurité;", "d) Soutiendra toute proposition visant à développer les audits des opérations en cours, ou, de façon plus générale, à permettre un contrôle plus régulier des dépenses et une information plus complète des organes ayant à en connaître (Conseil de sécurité et Comité consultatif pour les questions administratives et budgétaires).", "Un groupe de réflexion informel", "27. Les missions difficiles, complexes et longues que les Nations Unies ont dernièrement mises en place de par le monde ont mis en évidence certains problèmes auxquels se trouvent confrontés les pays contributeurs. Il convient que les pays qui ont une responsabilité particulière de par l'importance de leur participation aux missions de maintien de la paix, se concertent étroitement pour aborder, de façon informelle, ces problèmes cruciaux. A notre sens ce groupe de réflexion devrait en priorité se pencher sur deux sujets dont l'importance est unanimement reconnue et que dicte l'actualité :", "a) Le financement des missions de maintien de la paix pour lesquelles le rapport Volcker-Ogata (A/48/460, annexe) trace des pistes qu'il convient d'approfondir en vue d'une mise en oeuvre rapide;", "b) La sécurité du personnel engagé en mission et la nature des sanctions qui peuvent être prises contre les responsables d'agressions contre le personnel engagé sous la bannière des Nations Unies.", "28. Ce groupe de réflexion, qui doit demeurer informel et souple, pourrait communiquer le fruit de ses réflexions au Secrétariat, au Conseil de sécurité et à l'Assemblée générale.", "NAMIBIE", "[Original : anglais]", "[3 août 1993]", "1. La politique du Gouvernement de la République de Namibie en ce qui concerne les opérations internationales de maintien de la paix, a naturellement été influencée par l'histoire récente du pays. L'opération menée avec succès en 1989‑1990 par le Groupe d'assistance des Nations Unies pour la période de transition (GANUPT) qui a été le prélude à l'indépendance de la Namibie, a été chaleureusement appuyée par toute la population namibienne qui voyait ainsi se rétablir la paix et la sécurité. Le GANUPT était devenu synonyme de liberté.", "2. Le Gouvernement de la République de Namibie a fait de la paix et de la stabilité le fondement de ses politiques intérieure et extérieure. Grâce à sa politique de réconciliation nationale, la paix et la stabilité se sont développées et enracinées en Namibie, d'autant plus qu'elles sont inscrites dans la Constitution de la République.", "3. La politique de maintien international de la paix est donc l'un des piliers de la politique étrangère du Gouvernement namibien. La Namibie jouera son rôle dans le maintien et la consolidation de la paix dans la mesure de ses capacités et de ses ressources humaines et matérielles.", "4. Dans cette optique, le Gouvernement de la République de Namibie apportera son appui aux mesures pouvant contribuer à instaurer la confiance dans la région et à mettre fin à la méfiance et à la suspicion. La Réunion régionale sur les mesures de sécurité et de confiance en Afrique australe, tenue à Windhoek du 24 au 26 février 1993, a été l'occasion pour les dirigeants et les responsables régionaux chargés des questions de sécurité nationale, de discuter de questions intéressant la région. Elle a aussi permis, ce qui est plus important encore, de dissiper la méfiance et l'incompréhension mutuelles. Le Gouvernement encouragera et appuiera ce genre de réunions à l'avenir, de même que le suivi des résultats de la réunion de Windhoek.", "5. Dans le cadre de cette politique, le Gouvernement de la République de Namibie n'a épargné aucun effort pour rechercher une solution à la crise en Angola. Tant au niveau régional qu'international, ses ministres ont constamment cherché les moyens de résoudre cette crise. Le Gouvernement de la République de Namibie poursuit ainsi une politique active de diplomatie préventive et de règlement pacifique des différends, conformément à sa constitution.", "6. Dans le cadre de l'opération de maintien de la paix au Cambodge, sous l'égide de l'Autorité provisoire des Nations Unies au Cambodge (APRONUC), la Namibie a dépêché un contingent de véhicules renforcés de type Wolf pour participer à cette opération. Grâce à l'expérience acquise par ce contingent spécialisé, la Namibie est prête, si on le lui demande, à envisager sérieusement de participer à l'avenir, sous réserve des disponibilités financières, à des opérations de maintien de la paix en fournissant un contingent similaire.", "7. La Namibie tient à souligner qu'il importe d'accorder aux pays qui ne disposent pas des capacités de formation nécessaires l'assistance voulue pour amener leurs forces au niveau qui leur permette de participer efficacement aux opérations internationales de maintien de la paix. Cela vaut particulièrement pour un jeune pays en développement comme la Namibie. Les véhicules renforcés de type Wolf nécessitent un entretien. Lors de l'opération au Cambodge, la demande de l'ONU est arrivée à la dernière minute. C'est ainsi que seuls les véhicules en état de marche ont pu être envoyés, avec tout de même quelques défaillances qui auraient pu être corrigées.", "8. Le Gouvernement de la République de Namibie considère que le financement des opérations de maintien de la paix relève de la responsabilité collective de tous les Etats Membres, conformément aux dispositions de la Charte des Nations Unies. Le Gouvernement namibien s'est toujours acquitté régulièrement et intégralement de ses contributions. Toutefois, il y a lieu de signaler que le financement des opérations de maintien de la paix de plus en plus nombreuses deviendra un fardeau trop lourd pour les pays en développement, comme la Namibie. Aussi, le Gouvernement namibien souligne que le reclassement de la Namibie de la catégorie D à la catégorie C, comme le propose le Secrétaire général dans son rapport (A/47/484), doublera sa contribution aux opérations de maintien de la paix. La proposition qui vise à réserver la dernière catégorie (D) aux pays les moins avancés, alourdira le fardeau imposé aux pays en développement, comme la Namibie.", "9. La recommandation du rapport Ogata‑Volcker (A/48/460, annexe, p. 21) visant à créer un fonds autorenouvelable d'un montant de 400 millions de dollars permettra de mieux faire face aux dépenses de démarrage des opérations de maintien de la paix qui ne disposent actuellement que d'un montant de 150 millions de dollars. Cette recommandation mérite d'être étudiée.", "QATAR", "[Original : arabe]", "[2 août 1993]", "1. Le Gouvernement qatarien souligne l'importance du mécanisme de maintien d'imposition de la paix, conformément aux articles pertinents de la Charte. Il partage l'avis du Secrétaire général concernant l'importance de la diplomatie préventive afin d'éviter le déclenchement de conflits armés qui constituent une menace pour la paix et la sécurité internationales.", "2. Le Gouvernement qatarien souscrit également aux propositions du Secrétaire général contenues dans les paragraphes 34 à 44 de son rapport \"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277‑S/24111) en particulier l'utilisation des unités d'imposition de la paix dans des circonstances bien définies. Ces forces devraient être mieux armées que les forces de maintien de la paix, tout en étant disponibles en permanence aux fins des missions prévues à l'Article 42 de la Charte.", "3. Le Gouvernement qatarien considère que les propositions présentées par le Secrétaire général dans le rapport susmentionné concernant le financement des opérations de maintien et d'imposition de la paix méritent d'être étudiées et adoptées.", "ROYAUME‑UNI DE GRANDE-BRETAGNE ET D'IRLANDE DU NORD", "[Original : anglais]", "[20 juillet 1993]", "1. Donnant suite à la déclaration faite par le Conseil de sécurité le 28 mai 1993 (S/25859) sur l'application de l'\"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277-S/24111), le Secrétaire général de l'Organisation des Nations Unies a demandé aux Etats Membres de lui indiquer les aspects des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies qui méritaient d'être renforcés et de lui donner leur avis sur les mesures concrètes à prendre.", "Considérations générales", "2. Avant de décider d'entreprendre une opération de maintien de la paix, le Conseil de sécurité et le Secrétariat de l'Organisation des Nations Unies doivent soigneusement analyser la situation sur le terrain. Il faut à ces opérations des objectifs clairs et réalistes s'inscrivant dans un processus politique en cours pouvant apporter une solution, un mandat précis doit leur être assigné, les parties doivent y consentir, et il faut être sûr que les ressources nécessaires seront obtenues. Il faut aussi que l'Organisation des Nations Unies et le Conseil de sécurité soient sûrs que les organisations régionales ou les Etats Membres intéressés sont désireux de passer la main à l'ONU lorsque les mesures qu'ils avaient eux-mêmes prises n'ont pas donné de résultat et décider si l'ONU doit intervenir. Enfin, l'ONU doit soumettre les mandats en cours d'exécution à un jugement critique pour voir par quel moyen ils pourraient être menés plus rapidement à bonne fin.", "3. Le Gouvernement britannique félicite le Secrétaire général des efforts considérables qu'il a déployés jusqu'ici pour renforcer et améliorer la capacité de l'Organisation des Nations Unies de planifier et de mener des opérations de maintien de la paix. Des initiatives utiles ont été prises, surtout le renforcement du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix, la création d'une salle d'opérations fonctionnant 24 heures sur 24 et la mise en route d'un projet de planification de forces de réserve. Le Royaume‑Uni appuie les propositions visant à intégrer la Division des opérations hors Siège au Département des opérations de maintien de la paix.", "Commandement, direction et planification", "4. Il faut définir plus clairement les fonctions de commandement et de direction. Il est indispensable d'avoir un commandement unique aux plus hauts niveaux. Or, une telle unité n'est réalisable que si un seul département, au Siège de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, est chargé de tous les aspects d'une opération de maintien de la paix.", "5. La fonction de commandement proprement dite (c'est‑à‑dire le pouvoir d'affecter des éléments d'une force à des tâches et de les réaffecter selon les besoins) doit être laissée au commandant de la force. Le rôle du Siège de l'ONU doit être de donner des directives aux commandants et d'assurer la liaison indispensable entre les responsables politiques et militaires. C'est l'élaboration de la stratégie et non la planification détaillée des opérations qui lui incombe et ses capacités à cet égard doivent être développées.", "6. L'aptitude à réagir avec souplesse à des situations changeantes pour répondre aux exigences du maintien de la paix est le fruit de trois facteurs : capacité, compétence et expérience. Il faut aussi économiser les moyens, non seulement pour réduire les dépenses, mais encore pour pouvoir, au besoin, donner un coup de collier, et il faut enfin savoir gérer le peu de ressources dont on dispose. Le Royaume-Uni préconise, pour assurer l'application optimale de ces quatre principes, de créer un service élargi chargé de la planification et des opérations, une sorte de secrétariat général du maintien de la paix. Ces hommes et ces femmes, civils et militaires, dont certains pourraient être détachés par les Etats Membres, obéiraient à des règles professionnelles convenues et constitueraient le maillon essentiel du processus de planification stratégique de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, principalement au Siège, à New York, mais aussi sur le terrain. Ils viendraient grossir la cellule chargée de la planification et des opérations qui existe déjà à l'état embryonnaire et lui apporteraient la capacité, la compétence et l'expérience qu'il lui faut pour être efficace. Ils travailleraient selon des normes convenues et seraient chargés de tâches bien définies. Leurs fonctions sont décrites plus en détail en annexe.", "7. Le personnel chargé de la planification et des opérations constituerait le \"système nerveux\" de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, qui n'est actuellement prévu ni dans la structure ni dans le budget de l'Organisation. Il n'aurait pas de fonction de commandement, mais serait chargé de mettre en place un plan d'opérations jusqu'à la nomination du commandant de la force et de son état‑major. Il est important que le commandant d'une force soit associé à la planification dès le début. Des membres du personnel chargé de la planification et des opérations pourraient aussi être affectés à des opérations en qualité d'officiers supérieurs des états-majors des commandants de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Il faudra toutefois respecter un certain équilibre entre les besoins sur le terrain et les besoins au Siège, à New York, et ne pas ponctionner le noyau central d'experts au point de le rendre inefficace. Lors de l'élaboration d'un plan d'opérations, il faut tenir dûment compte du coût pour éviter de dépenser plus qu'il n'est nécessaire pour être efficace.", "8. Il faut aussi trouver le moyen de recruter du personnel habitué à travailler ensemble pour former le noyau d'un état‑major lorsqu'une nouvelle mission est entreprise. On pourrait demander aux Etats de désigner des personnes auxquelles l'ONU ferait appel pour remplacer des membres du personnel de maintien de la paix en poste au Siège qui pourraient à leur tour être affectés à une nouvelle mission. Il serait souhaitable que le personnel de métier formant le noyau d'un état‑major hors Siège soit constitué principalement de ressortissants d'Etats intéressés ou des pays prépondérants. Il pourrait être parfois fourni par une organisation régionale. L'idéal serait que le personnel d'état‑major ait été initié aux procédures de l'Organisation des Nations Unies au Siège et soit habitué à travailler dans un milieu multinational. L'association de ce personnel et du personnel du service chargé de la planification et des opérations qui apporterait la continuité et son savoir‑faire, contribuerait à supprimer les inconvénients que présente le rassemblement d'un état‑major multinational sur le lieu d'une mission.", "Communication et information", "9. L'Organisation des Nations Unies doit fournir aux commandants des forces des analyses politiques sérieuses fondées sur des informations exactes et récentes concernant la situation sur le terrain. Le meilleur moyen de rassembler ces informations est de s'adresser à des experts, qui utilisent souvent du matériel spécialisé. L'ONU ne peut pas se permettre financièrement de se doter d'une capacité interne en matière d'information militaire. Elle doit donc avoir davantage recours aux capacités que possèdent déjà les nations ou les organisations multinationales. Les commandants des forces doivent aussi être en mesure d'acquérir la capacité d'analyser les informations militaires.", "10. L'Organisation des Nations Unies doit mettre en place un dispositif de communication à l'échelle du système pour rentabiliser et améliorer les communications stratégiques. Un groupe de travail des communications pourrait étudier les moyens de permettre à tous les éléments (y compris les organismes) des Nations Unies qui participent à des opérations de communiquer efficacement entre eux. L'adoption de normes communes et la compatibilité sont impératives.", "11. Peut-être l'Organisation des Nations Unies devrait-elle examiner la nécessité de coordonner la fourniture des cartes nécessaires aux opérations et envisager de nommer un cartographe parmi les membres du personnel militaire.", "Déminage", "12. Le Royaume-Uni se félicite de la nomination au Secrétariat d'un conseiller en déminage. La coordination entre tous les organismes intéressés est capitale.", "Doctrine et procédures logistiques uniformes applicables aux opérations de maintien de la paix", "13. Le fait que les contingents des missions de maintien de la paix soient fournis par de nombreux Etats Membres est l'une des plus grandes forces de l'ONU, car c'est la preuve que ces missions répondent aux préoccupations de l'ensemble de la communauté internationale, et ne visent pas à servir uniquement des intérêts nationaux ou régionaux. Mais cet atout politique peut être une source de difficultés sur le plan militaire, car des contingents de diverses nationalités, de niveaux techniques différents et n'appliquant pas les mêmes procédures logistiques tentent de travailler ensemble, souvent pour la première fois.", "14. Fort de son expérience au sein d'une alliance multinationale, le Royaume‑Uni est convaincu qu'en publiant sa doctrine tactique, à partir de laquelle pourrait être élaborées des procédures logistiques uniformes, l'Organisation des Nations Unies s'assurerait des forces. L'ONU pourrait s'inspirer des procédures uniformes existantes, comme par exemple celles qui ont été élaborées par l'OTAN pour les activités multinationales.", "15. Ensuite, après avoir été adaptées aux opérations en cours, la doctrine et les procédures uniformes pourraient être diffusées plus largement parmi les Etats Membres. Les nations qui fournissent des contingents devraient bien connaître ces procédures et savoir les mettre en oeuvre, avant d'envoyer des troupes sur le terrain.", "Formation", "16. La formation doit demeurer la responsabilité des Etats, mais respecter les normes établies par l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour le personnel et les unités. Il faudrait envisager de constituer un ensemble de connaissances, dont les écoles militaires à travers le monde pourraient tirer parti pour former leurs officiers destinés à des postes clefs. Les Etats expérimentés devraient être disposés à envoyer des spécialistes collaborer avec des écoles militaires d'autres pays et les aider à établir leurs propres programmes de formation.", "17. L'Organisation des Nations Unies pourrait aussi étudier l'idée consistant à ce que les pays qui ont l'expérience des opérations de maintien de la paix envoient des équipes de formation accélérée dans des pays moins expérimentés. Cette formation, qui pourrait être organisée au niveau régional, serait particulièrement utile pour les contingents destinés à la zone d'affectation.", "18. Il y a peut-être pour l'ONU une possibilité de formation plus restreinte pour préparer le personnel destiné aux postes clefs des quartiers généraux sur le terrain. L'essentiel de la formation pourrait se faire par téléenseignement, éventuellement avec l'aide d'écoles militaires nationales ou régionales.", "Concertation politico-militaire - coopération avec les autres organismes", "19. Il importe de développer la compréhension entre les militaires et les civils, tant dans le cadre des opérations de maintien de la paix qu'avec les associations humanitaires et autres organismes intéressés.", "Observateurs militaires et observateurs civils de l'Organisation des Nations Unies", "20. L'Organisation manque d'observateurs militaires. Elle pourrait envisager de créer aussi un corps d'observateurs civils de l'ONU, composé de personnes ayant l'expérience de la diplomatie et d'anciens militaires désireux de servir les Nations Unies, qui fonctionneraient sur le modèle des observateurs militaires et doteraient l'ONU d'une capacité d'analyse supplémentaire, qui renforcerait l'action des conseillers civils. Peut-être conviendrait-il de constituer des équipes mixtes observateurs militaires/observateurs civils de l'ONU, dont les rôles conjugués faciliteraient les activités locales de liaison et d'établissement de la paix et qui, appliquant la même doctrine, appuieraient l'action du commandant de la force.", "Logistique", "21. Le Royaume‑Uni reconnaît qu'il faut améliorer la capacité logistique de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Il préconise pour commencer l'adoption de procédures uniformes pour tous les aspects de l'appui logistique, y compris le financement. Il se félicite des travaux entrepris par l'Organisation des Nations Unies à l'initiative du Canada pour élaborer des procédures logistiques uniformes, auxquelles il souscrit pleinement. Il est à espérer que les résultats en seront applicables à l'ensemble des opérations de maintien de la paix.", "22. Il faudra compléter l'élaboration et l'application de la doctrine logistique et des procédures uniformes par une formation des contingents. Un Etat Membre ayant les compétences techniques voulues pourrait prendre l'initiative d'élaborer un programme de formation.", "23. On peut envisager d'avoir recours à des entreprises civiles en lançant un appel d'offres international lorsque les conditions sur le terrain le permettent et que cela présente un avantage financier. Il serait toutefois indispensable de coordonner tous les aspects logistiques, y compris ceux qui sont confiés à des civils.", "24. Il faut aussi à l'évidence coordonner les mouvements de tous les avoirs, ainsi que l'évacuation des victimes du théâtre des opérations et les évacuations sanitaires.", "25. Etant donné que le personnel international de l'Organisation des Nations Unies ne pourra suffire à la tâche tant que n'aura pas été mise au point l'idée de secrétariat général de maintien de la paix, l'ONU pourrait combler les lacunes en recrutant davantage de personnel local pour des périodes de courte durée : spécialistes de la logistique, de l'administration, de la comptabilité, etc.", "Information", "26. L'Organisation des Nations Unies doit adopter une attitude plus dynamique à l'égard de l'information sur les opérations de maintien de la paix. Elle doit davantage faire appel à des professionnels des médias, étant donné l'immensité de la tâche afférente à chaque opération. Il faut apprendre au personnel du Siège et des missions à maîtriser les médias, à expliquer le pourquoi d'une opération et à en faire l'analyse à mesure qu'elle se déroule. L'information ne peut plus se faire exclusivement de New York. Il est souhaitable qu'elle circule plus systématiquement entre l'ONU et les pays qui fournissent des contingents. L'ONU pourrait recruter des spécialistes (ou même d'anciens journalistes) locaux pour collaborer aux missions.", "27. Le mandat et les objectifs de la mission doivent être précisés à l'avance au pays hôte. Il importe donc de bien informer le public dès qu'une mission de reconnaissance technique est envoyée sur place et de déterminer la meilleure façon de présenter le mandat et l'opération elle‑même au pays hôte et aux parties intéressées.", "Administration et financement sur le terrain", "28. Pour répondre aux besoins massifs des opérations en cours, l'ONU doit constituer un corps de chefs de l'administration très qualifiés, qui, conformément au principe de l'unité de commandement, feront rapport par l'intermédiaire du chef de mission au Département des opérations de maintien de la paix, à New York. Les Etats pourraient contribuer à leur donner une formation visant à développer la meilleure pratique, l'identité de vues et l'esprit de corps. Une préparation à de futures opérations pourrait avoir lieu sur le théâtre des opérations de certaines grandes missions en cours.", "29. Les procédures de recrutement du personnel civil, surtout pour des périodes de courte durée, devraient être simplifiées. Il faudrait donner des instructions aux entreprises qui fournissent régulièrement du personnel qualifié à l'ONU et les encourager à organiser leurs propres cours de formation.", "30. Le Royaume‑Uni reconnaît l'intérêt de déléguer plus de pouvoir, en matière de finances, aux chefs de l'administration de toute opération, à condition de prévoir parallèlement un système d'inspection régulière pour vérifier que les ressources sont utilisées comme il convient. Les procédures d'audit militaire sont tout indiquées pour les opérations de maintien de la paix.", "Matériel, coûts et financement", "31. Le Royaume‑Uni convient qu'il peut y avoir un avantage opérationnel à constituer des stocks renouvelables limités, éventuellement à partir de ressources non utilisées lors d'opérations en cours, pour pouvoir répondre immédiatement aux besoins de déploiement en cas d'urgence. Il ne perd pas de vue, toutefois, que le stockage, l'entretien et la rotation du matériel et les pertes dues à l'obsolescence seraient aussi une source de dépenses. Il faudrait donc examiner attentivement les incidences financières de cette mesure avant d'envisager d'y donner suite.", "32. Il faudrait aussi envisager d'avoir plus souvent recours à des contrats inactifs conclus entre l'ONU et des entreprises commerciales ou des pays pour la fourniture d'articles d'usage courant. Il faudrait négocier les coûts à l'avance et procéder à l'inspection des stocks.", "33. L'ONU devrait envisager d'appliquer à tous les pays qui fournissent des contingents un accord type de location de matériel militaire de pointe, plutôt qu'une formule d'amortissement.", "34. Il pourrait être utile d'étudier la possibilité de faire payer en nature une partie de leur quote‑part, jusqu'à concurrence d'un pourcentage limité, aux Etats qui ont du matériel militaire approprié en bon état, sous réserve d'inspection et de vérification et d'un accord préalable sur le coût de chaque article et les conditions d'entretien.", "35. Avant l'adoption d'un projet de résolution, un état des incidences financières aussi précis que possible devrait être soumis aux Etats Membres, de préférence 48 heures à l'avance au moins, pour qu'ils puissent l'examiner avant de se prononcer sur le projet.", "36. Le Royaume‑Uni approuve le principe selon lequel, dès l'adoption d'une résolution, le Secrétariat de l'Organisation des Nations Unies devrait envoyer des avis de recouvrement représentant 20 % du montant estimatif des dépenses pour répondre aux besoins immédiats de l'opération. Il faudrait pour cela disposer bien plus tôt des coûts prévisionnels. Il pourrait aussi être utile d'en discuter à l'avance avec, par exemple, les 15 Etats Membres qui versent les contributions les plus élevées. En attendant les réponses des Etats Membres, le Secrétaire général devrait être autorisé à financer les premières dépenses à l'aide du fonds de réserve pour les opérations de maintien de la paix.", "37. Cette solution n'est toutefois que provisoire. A plus long terme, rien ne peut remplacer le versement intégral et rapide des quotes‑parts. Il ne faut manquer aucune occasion d'enjoindre les Etats Membres, surtout les débiteurs chroniques, de faire preuve de plus de ponctualité dans l'acquittement de leurs contributions.", "38. Les propositions visant à améliorer l'efficacité des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies qui entraîneraient automatiquement une augmentation des dépenses devraient être financées par les économies résultant d'une réaffectation des priorités au sein du budget ordinaire de l'Organisation ou de celui des opérations de maintien de la paix, selon le cas.", "Contingents de réserve", "39. Le Royaume‑Uni se félicite de la mise en route du projet de planification de contingents de réserve. Pour que les forces de maintien de la paix puissent être déployées rapidement et qu'elles soient équipées pour les tâches qui leur sont confiées, il est indispensable que le Secrétaire général sache exactement quels contingents les Etats Membres sont disposés à mettre à sa disposition. Le processus de vérification est important. Il semblerait approprié qu'une partie des unités déclarées fasse l'objet d'une actualisation et d'une inspection annuelles. Ou bien, l'ONU pourrait adopter la pratique de l'OTAN (comme pour le questionnaire concernant la planification de la défense) consistant à envoyer des équipes pour interroger régulièrement les Etats. Le Royaume‑Uni est favorable au projet de contact avec l'OTAN.", "40. Le Royaume‑Uni a une armée de métier qui accomplit des missions diverses dans le monde entier. La nature de ces missions ne permet pas au Royaume‑Uni de réserver des contingents pour le service exclusif de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Il ne serait pas possible d'en garantir la disponibilité. Néanmoins, le Royaume‑Uni est disposé à examiner, au cas par cas, toute demande ultérieure à l'effet de fournir des contingents pour des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'ONU, compte tenu des ressources déjà engagées ailleurs.", "41. Le Gouvernement britannique collaborera donc sans réserve avec l'équipe de planification des contingents de réserve, qui doit se rendre prochainement au Royaume‑Uni, en lui expliquant le système de commandement et la structure de sa capacité opérationnelle, étant entendu que toute demande d'envoi de contingent est à examiner au cas par cas.", "42. Les pays qui fournissent les premiers contingents accepteront de s'engager à les envoyer tôt à condition que l'Organisation des Nations Unies s'engage à fixer une date ferme pour l'achèvement de la mission. Peut‑être serait‑il bon d'envisager que les pays qui ont des contingents bien entraînés, équipés et disponibles enverraient la première vague de forces de maintien de la paix, laissant ainsi aux autres pays le temps de former et d'équiper leurs troupes conformément aux normes requises.", "43. L'équipe pourrait aussi examiner l'appui logistique, notamment le transport stratégique, que les Etats Membres pourraient être en mesure de mettre à la disposition de l'Organisation des Nations Unies.", "Police civile de l'Organisation des Nations Unies", "44. La police civile de l'Organisation des Nations Unies joue un rôle clef dans les opérations de l'ONU, mais les contingents n'ont pas la même formation ni les mêmes pratiques. L'ONU pourrait envisager là aussi de procéder à une planification des contingents de réserve pour examiner la disponibilité, le type et la formation des polices civiles et déterminer quel type de force de police est le plus adapté à une mission.", "Rôle des organisations régionales", "45. Le Royaume‑Uni préconise de faire jouer un plus grand rôle aux organisations régionales dans le rétablissement de la paix et, éventuellement, dans le maintien de la paix. Ces organisations ont une connaissance approfondie des conditions locales et peuvent fournir des avis autorisés sur les origines du conflit.", "46. On pourrait donc envisager d'améliorer et d'encourager les contacts avec les organisations régionales compétentes.", "47. Le Royaume‑Uni pense aussi qu'il serait possible de faire appel aux organisations régionales pour qu'elles contribuent à la formation en vue des opérations de maintien de la paix et, éventuellement, se chargent d'activités multinationales.", "48. Il souscrit à l'idée d'une répartition des tâches donnant un plus grand rôle aux organisations régionales dans leurs domaines de compétence, surtout en ce qui concerne le rétablissement de la paix, tout en reconnaissant à tout moment la primauté de l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans les situations où la paix et la sécurité internationales sont en jeu.", "ANNEXE", "Le personnel chargé de la planification et des", "opérations pourrait notamment être chargé :", "a) De formuler des avis à l'intention du Secrétaire général sur tous les aspects des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies;", "b) D'établir des plans généraux d'intervention et de gérer la base de données concernant les contingents de réserve;", "c) De faire des propositions sur divers aspects des forces : besoins, commandement, contrôle et communications, logistique, règles d'engagement, besoins et critères de formation;", "d) D'assurer la liaison avec les pays et les organisations régionales et autres, surtout dans les domaines visés aux alinéas b) et c) ci‑dessus;", "e) D'appuyer les missions de reconnaissance du Représentant spécial et de formuler des appréciations militaires;", "f) De superviser l'application de la politique définie par le Conseil de sécurité pour les opérations de l'Organisation des Nations Unies;", "g) D'assurer un appui 24 heures sur 24 aux opérations en cours;", "h) De faire rapport au Conseil de sécurité après l'achèvement de l'opération.", "SUEDE[2]", "[Original : anglais]", "[20 août 1993]", "Activités en cours", "1. Les pays nordiques approuvent et appuient les efforts de restructuration du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix visant à renforcer la capacité de l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans ce domaine.", "2. Ils se félicitent tout particulièrement de l'intégration de certains éléments de la Division des opérations hors Siège au Département des opérations de maintien de la paix, qui, à leur sens, renforcera et optimisera la planification, la gestion et l'appui administratif des opérations.", "3. Ils attendent avec intérêt les résultats de l'étude de l'équipe de planification des contingents de réserve visant à améliorer et accélérer les procédures par lesquelles l'Organisation obtient des Etats Membres du personnel ou des unités constituées et du matériel pour entreprendre de nouvelles opérations de maintien de la paix ou développer celles qui sont en cours.", "4. Ils sont disposés à collaborer avec le Secrétariat, dans la mesure des ressources disponibles, pour trouver du personnel supplémentaire à mettre temporairement à la disposition de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'évolution de tâches précises de maintien de la paix.", "5. Les pays nordiques se félicitent de la création d'une salle des situations pour les opérations en Somalie et dans l'ex‑Yougoslavie et notent avec satisfaction que le Secrétaire général envisage une installation analogue intégrée pour l'ensemble des opérations de maintien de la paix dans le monde. Ils estiment maintenant indispensable de renforcer notablement la capacité de gestion opérationnelle, de commandement et de contrôle des opérations en cours du Secrétariat de l'Organisation des Nations Unies.", "6. Ils préconisent en outre la création d'une cellule de planification militaire au sein du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix, pour améliorer radicalement et opportunément l'efficacité du Secrétariat.", "7. Outre les mesures en cours, les pays nordiques proposent cependant d'envisager prochainement de donner suite aux propositions suivantes :", "Organisation et efficacité", "8. Il faut revoir et améliorer les dispositions relatives à la formation de personnel de maintien de la paix (militaires, civils et policiers), en faisant appel aux possibilités offertes par les Etats Membres, les organisations et mécanismes régionaux, les organisations non gouvernementales et le Secrétariat. Il faudrait plus particulièrement envisager de mettre en place un programme de formation du personnel clef des opérations de maintien de la paix en vue de constituer une réserve de personnel qualifié connaissant le système des Nations Unies et ses modalités de fonctionnement. Les pays nordiques sont disposés à explorer les moyens d'intensifier leur coopération avec l'Organisation des Nations Unies et ses Etats Membres à cette fin.", "9. Le personnel clef d'une opération de maintien de la paix doit participer à sa planification dès la première phase; l'idée de base étant qu'il faut dans la mesure du possible, que ceux qui exécutent une opération de maintien de la paix contribuent aussi à la préparer. Le Secrétariat devra à cette fin s'efforcer de signer le plus tôt possible, en concertation avec les Etats Membres, le personnel clef potentiel (commandants des forces et chefs de l'administration), des futures opérations de maintien de la paix.", "10. Il faut donner aux Etats Membres, selon qu'il y a lieu, des précisions sur les domaines de responsabilité des différents experts et conseillers, ainsi que des cadres ordinaires, du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix, pour faciliter la communication et la coopération entre les intéressés.", "Financement", "11. Les pays nordiques sont extrêmement préoccupés par la gravité de la situation financière des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Il faut prendre des mesures, en s'inspirant des propositions utiles présentées dans le rapport Volcker-Ogata (A/48/460, annexe), pour assurer un financement satisfaisant aux opérations de maintien de la paix, fondé sur le principe de la responsabilité collective et le paiement intégral et ponctuel des quotes‑parts. A cet égard, les pays nordiques soulignent qu'il importe de rembourser sans délai toutes les sommes dues aux pays fournisseurs de contingents.", "12. Tout en se félicitant de la création du Fonds de réserve pour les opérations de maintien de la paix, les pays nordiques estiment nécessaire d'étudier de manière plus approfondie comment financer adéquatement la phase initiale des opérations de maintien de la paix.", "13. Les pays nordiques préconisent de faire le nécessaire pour déléguer au commandant de la force ou au Représentant spécial le pouvoir financier et administratif de mettre en place une mission composite, qui serait plus efficace et plus rentable. A cette fin, il faut revoir le règlement financier et les règles de gestion financière de l'ONU, ainsi que les procédures administratives applicables aux opérations de maintien de la paix, pour permettre aux missions de mieux s'adapter aux situations nouvelles et à des impératifs donnés. Parallèlement, il faut s'efforcer de former efficacement le personnel administratif hors Siège, et de renforcer les procédures de contrôle interne.", "Accords et principes directeurs", "14. La conclusion d'accords relatifs au statut des forces est indispensable pour créer des relations de travail bien définies entre l'Organisation des Nations Unies et le pays hôte pour une opération de maintien de la paix. Le Secrétariat doit donc s'employer à achever l'élaboration de tels accords, de préférence avant la mise en place d'une force de maintien de la paix.", "15. Les pays nordiques tiennent aussi à souligner l'importance primordiale de l'accord type entre l'Organisation des Nations Unies et les Etats Membres fournissant du personnel et du matériel pour les opérations de maintien de la paix, d'autant plus que celles‑ci deviennent de plus en plus complexes. Ils prient instamment le Secrétariat de conclure des accords de cette nature avec les Etats Membres qui fournissent des contingents.", "THAILANDE", "[Original : anglais]", "[21 juillet 1993]", "I. PRINCIPES GENERAUX", "1. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais est convaincu que, selon les termes du Secrétaire général, \"la pierre angulaire de l'édifice est et doit demeurer l'Etat\". Le respect de la souveraineté et de l'intégrité des Etats est donc capital dans toute entreprise de la communauté internationale et de l'Organisation des Nations Unies.", "2. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais suit avec un vif intérêt le déroulement des activités d'imposition de la paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Ces activités comportant de nouveaux risques graves, il estime qu'il faut soigneusement peser les avantages et les inconvénients de chaque opération. Dans certains cas, elles peuvent avoir des effets négatifs, surtout lorsqu'elles n'ont pas recueilli l'assentiment de toutes les parties au conflit.", "3. L'idée du Secrétaire général d'envoyer du personnel de maintien de la paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans des \"zones d'instabilité et de crise potentielle\" pour prévenir des hostilités éventuelles mérite d'être attentivement examinée. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais estime qu'il faut définir avec plus de précision l'ampleur et les circonstances d'une telle intervention.", "II. CAPACITE DU SECRETARIAT", "4. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais se félicite de la récente expansion du Bureau du Conseiller militaire. Il souscrit en outre pleinement à l'idée d'intégrer la Division des opérations hors Siège au Département des opérations de maintien de la paix.", "III. PLANIFICATION", "5. Tout le monde s'accorde à reconnaître qu'il faut améliorer les procédures de planification. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais pense qu'il faut désigner les commandants des forces le plus tôt possible et les faire directement participer à la planification préliminaire pour qu'ils puissent donner leur avis en temps utile sur la composition et les besoins de la force et permettre ainsi aux pays fournissant des contingents de préparer ces derniers efficacement. Il faut en outre, améliorer les procédures pour les achats et la logistique.", "IV. COMMANDEMENT ET CONTROLE", "6. L'expansion rapide des activités de maintien de la paix exige que l'on mette en place d'urgence une salle des situations ou un centre des opérations pleinement fonctionnel au Siège de l'ONU. Pour le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais, l'installation doit, au minimum, centraliser les communications et les informations concernant les opérations de maintien de la paix. Par la suite, on pourra lui intégrer les services de logistique, de planification et de renseignement nécessaires aux opérations.", "V. FORMATION", "7. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais est convaincu que le succès des activités de maintien de la paix dépend pour beaucoup de la qualité de la formation du personnel. Il est évident que cette formation doit tenir compte des normes et des principes approuvés pour les opérations. L'idée d'élaborer un manuel général des concepts et procédures logistiques de l'Organisation des Nations Unies est des plus opportunes. La possibilité de créer des centres de formation régionaux mérite aussi d'être étudiée sérieusement. En effet, la coopération régionale, en permettant un échange de l'expérience acquise, rendrait les Etats Membres mieux aptes et préparés à contribuer aux opérations de maintien de la paix.", "VI. FINANCEMENT", "8. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais s'inquiète depuis longtemps de la précarité du financement des opérations de maintien de la paix. Il est fermement convaincu que l'action de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en la matière est trop importante pour le maintien de la paix dans le monde pour être tributaire des restrictions financières et budgétaires. La clef de la solution de ce problème épineux réside toujours, à son avis, dans le paiement intégral et ponctuel des quotes‑parts par les Etats Membres. Il faut toutefois aussi sérieusement explorer les approches audacieuses et novatrices proposées par le Secrétaire général dans l'\"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277‑S/24111).", "VII. SECURITE DU PERSONNEL", "9. En tant que pays fournisseur de contingents, la Thaïlande est gravement préoccupée par le nombre croissant des victimes parmi le personnel de maintien de la paix et autre. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais espère que les mesures recommandées par l'Assemblée générale dans sa résolution 47/72 du 14 décembre 1992 seront mises en oeuvre en temps utile.", "YOUGOSLAVIE", "[Original : anglais]", "[26 août 1993]", "1. La République fédérative de Yougoslavie appuie l'initiative et les efforts visant à définir les critères et fondements des relations internationales ainsi que le rôle de l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans le contexte de l'après‑guerre froide, et approuve en particulier la détermination du Secrétaire général à rechercher des solutions pacifiques à tous les problèmes et conflits.", "2. Etant donné que le rôle essentiel que doit jouer l'Organisation à l'avenir pour instaurer, sauvegarder et promouvoir la paix mondiale est largement reconnu et accepté, il est tout à fait normal que l'approche et les orientations fondamentales de l'\"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277‑S/24111) bénéficient d'un large soutien auprès des Etats Membres, y compris la République fédérative de Yougoslavie. La Yougoslavie a effectivement contribué aux activités liées à la préparation de l'\"Agenda\", bien que l'importance et la portée de sa contribution aient souvent été limitées du fait des sanctions imposées par les Nations Unies, sanctions sans lesquelles cette contribution aurait été beaucoup plus importante et conforme à ce que la Yougoslavie était en mesure et avait eu l'intention d'offrir.", "3. En tant que l'un des Etats Membres fondateurs de l'Organisation des Nations Unies et ayant participé à de nombreuses missions de maintien de la paix sous les auspices de l'ONU tout au long de l'histoire de l'Organisation, la Yougoslavie s'est toujours montrée l'un des plus fidèles soutiens des principes fondamentaux énoncés dans la Charte des Nations Unies, tels que la paix, la coopération pacifique, les mesures de confiance et la promotion des relations entre les Etats ainsi que le respect des droits de l'homme en vue du renforcement de la prospérité générale.", "4. Il est évident que la qualité nouvelle des relations internationales de l'après‑guerre froide, caractérisées par un désir de coopération plutôt que d'affrontement, nécessite un ajustement à la fois structurel et conceptuel approprié de l'Organisation, de nature à renforcer son efficacité et sa capacité d'apporter des réponses adéquates aux défis à venir. Parallèlement, les Etats Membres eux‑mêmes, y compris les plus grands, les plus puissants et les plus développés d'entre eux, doivent également adapter leurs politiques et leurs vues respectives. Ce faisant, ils ne doivent jamais perdre de vue que les principes fondamentaux de la Charte des Nations Unies constituent la pierre angulaire sur laquelle toutes les activités futures de l'Organisation doivent être fondées. En effet, l'Organisation des Nations Unies, qui a été chargée d'une mission sacrée entre toutes, à savoir la préservation de la paix et de la sécurité internationales, doit avant tout s'en acquitter de manière efficace, impartiale et juste conformément au droit international. En conséquence, la réforme des institutions internationales en particulier celle de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en fonction des nouvelles nécessités doit s'accomplir par le biais d'une coopération de type multilatéral avec la participation de tous les Etats Membres sur un pied d'égalité. Il n'est pas douteux que l'Assemblée générale des Nations Unies constitue le cadre le plus approprié pour toutes ces activités.", "5. Ce serait faire preuve de naïveté politique que de sous‑estimer le poids et le pouvoir des Etats les plus puissants du monde et leur influence sur la définition du futur système de relations internationales. En conséquence, les activités futures liées à la mise en place du système préconisé par l'\"Agenda\" doivent être menées en considérant tous les facteurs pertinents, de manière extrêmement réfléchie, en particulier dans le cas de ces pays. Si la suite des événements devait faire apparaître que la promotion des intérêts de certains pays ou de certains groupes de pays se fait au détriment des intérêts d'autres pays, les intentions de base proclamées dans l'\"Agenda\" deviendraient lettre morte.", "6. Les décisions adoptées ou devant être adoptées par le Conseil de sécurité au sujet de la crise concernant l'ex‑Yougoslavie sont la preuve éloquente que les questions traitées dans l'\"Agenda\" méritent une attention urgente et doivent être abordées sans parti pris, ce qui n'a malheureusement pas été le cas en ce qui concerne la Yougoslavie.", "7. Dès le début de la crise yougoslave, les Nations Unies ont mis en place une Force de protection (FORPRONU) ayant pour mission spécifique de protéger la population, en attendant qu'une solution politique durable soit trouvée. Sur le terrain, la FORPRONU a mis en place une coopération effective avec la Mission de vérification de la Communauté européenne. Le mandat de la FORPRONU a été progressivement élargi, tant du point de vue territorial (outre les zones protégées par les Nations Unies, il s'étend à l'ex-Bosnie‑Herzégovine, à la presqu'île de Prevlaka et à la Macédoine) que sur le plan de la mission proprement dite, si bien que l'opération de maintien de la paix en cours sur le territoire de l'ex‑Yougoslavie est devenue la plus vaste, la plus complexe et la plus coûteuse de toute l'histoire de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Depuis le début de cette mission, des résolutions ont été adoptées qui autorisent l'usage de la force dans le cadre du Chapitre VII de la Charte afin d'assurer l'acheminement de l'aide humanitaire et d'imposer des zones de sécurité dans l'ex‑Bosnie‑Herzégovine. Une coopération étroite a été établie entre l'Organisation des Nations Unies et l'Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord (OTAN) en vue de l'application des décisions du Conseil de sécurité relatives à la zone d'exclusion aérienne instituée dans l'ex‑Bosnie‑Herzégovine.", "8. Sans évaluation préalable adéquate de la situation, le Conseil de sécurité a adopté les résolutions imposant des sanctions injustes et inéquitables à l'encontre de la République fédérative de Yougoslavie. Par leur sévérité et leur caractère global, ces sanctions sont sans précédent dans l'histoire de l'Organisation et pénalisent tout un peuple. Particulièrement absurde est la résolution 820 (1993) isolant la République fédérative de Yougoslavie du monde extérieur : ajoutant l'insulte au préjudice, cette résolution a été adoptée parce que les Serbes de Bosnie, citoyens d'un autre Etat reconnu par l'Organisation des Nations Unies, avaient refusé d'accepter le plan Vance‑Owen pour l'ex-Bosnie-Herzégovine. L'adoption de cette résolution à ce moment n'était qu'une façon de prendre une attitude moralisatrice puisque la République fédérative de Yougoslavie avait accepté le plan Vance‑Owen en tant que cadre pour la recherche d'une paix juste et durable qui soit acceptable par les trois parties belligérantes de la guerre civile en ex-Bosnie-Herzégovine. L'\"insoutenable légèreté\" dont la communauté internationale a fait preuve dans la gestion de la crise concernant l'ex‑Yougoslavie a été confirmée par les événements : le plan Vance‑Owen a été pratiquement abandonné, mais non seulement les sanctions imposées à la République fédérative de Yougoslavie n'ont pas été levées, on continue au contraire d'insister pour qu'elles soient strictement appliquées. Cette incohérence voire cet arbitraire dans la défense des principes et objectifs de la Charte sont loin de contribuer au renforcement de la paix et de la sécurité internationales, et bien moins encore à l'adoption et à la confirmation de l'\"Agenda pour la paix\".", "9. Dans ce contexte, l'expérience de la République fédérative de Yougoslavie dans sa coopération avec l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans le cadre de la recherche d'une solution à la crise qui se déroule sur le territoire de l'ex‑République socialiste fédérative de Yougoslavie est d'une grande valeur pour les activités futures de l'Organisation dans le domaine du maintien de la paix, de son financement et du recrutement du personnel nécessaire, mais aussi en temps qu'exemple de dangereux précédents créés au nom et sous l'autorité de l'Organisation mondiale.", "10. Dans ce contexte, la République fédérative de Yougoslavie considère de son devoir de faire quelques observations sur certaines tendances inadmissibles en matière de relations internationales qui ont été particulièrement manifestes dans le processus de résolution de la crise yougoslave. Se fondant sur son engagement permanent en faveur de la paix et sur les principes fondamentaux de la Charte des Nations Unies et du droit international ainsi que sur l'expérience acquise dans la recherche d'une solution à cette crise, la Yougoslavie présente ci‑après un certain nombre de remarques sur l'\"Agenda pour la paix\".", "11. L'importance et le rôle de l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans l'instauration, la préservation et la promotion de la paix et de la sécurité internationales sont irremplaçables. L'Organisation est et doit rester le principal centre efficace et impartial de toutes les activités visant à instaurer, préserver et protéger la paix et la sécurité internationales.", "12. Le Conseil de sécurité, le principal organe exécutif de l'Organisation, est responsable au premier chef du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales. Ce rôle du Conseil de sécurité a été particulièrement mis en évidence durant la recherche d'une solution à la crise yougoslave. Malheureusement, certaines tendances négatives sont également apparues.", "13. Lors de l'adoption des décisions pertinentes au Conseil de sécurité, en particulier celles concernant la guerre en ex‑Bosnie‑Herzégovine, un large consensus a été atteint, en particulier entre les membres permanents du Conseil de sécurité, de sorte que ces décisions ont été généralement adoptées à l'unanimité, au contraire de ce qui se produisait durant la guerre froide, ce qui est loin d'être négatif en soi. C'est là indiscutablement un important progrès et un signe du renforcement du rôle du Conseil de sécurité. Mais, la République fédérative de Yougoslavie estime et c'est là, selon elle, une opinion partagée par de nombreux autres pays que cette évolution n'est louable que si l'unanimité au sein du Conseil de sécurité n'est pas le résultat de la suprématie absolue et du rôle arbitraire de certains de ses membres permanents, que les autres pays acceptent de manière tacite ou du moins ne désapprouvent pas ouvertement, conscients de leur incapacité d'exercer une influence décisive et donc de modifier ou d'empêcher l'adoption de certaines décisions.", "14. Cela étant, et sans préjudice de l'importance du Conseil de sécurité, de l'universalité des intérêts et de la nécessité d'instaurer une paix stable et durable, les processus préconisés dans le cadre de l'\"Agenda\" doivent faire participer tous les intéressés, tous les Etats Membres de l'Organisation, à l'élaboration des solutions futures. La forme la plus appropriée de leur participation consisterait dans leur activité au sein de l'Assemblée générale dont le rôle, en tant que principal organe de l'Organisation, devrait être considérablement renforcé.", "15. En tant qu'Etat ayant grandement contribué à la définition du rôle des forces de maintien de la paix et d'autres activités de l'Organisation, la République fédérative de Yougoslavie reconnaît l'importance des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'ONU et de leur financement régulier.", "16. L'expérience de toutes les missions de maintien de la paix de l'ONU, en particulier celle acquise dans les guerres civiles, comme c'est le cas dans l'ex‑Bosnie‑Herzégovine et en Somalie, a montré que l'un des rôles prioritaires de ces missions consiste à fournir une assistance humanitaire. Le problème particulier est d'assurer la protection des forces de l'ONU. Etant donné la complexité de ces questions, toute solution efficace à ce problème qui permettrait d'assurer un bon déroulement des activités de l'Organisation, en particulier celles qui impliquent le recours à la force, doit être recherchée dans le cadre d'une stricte observation des principes de la Charte et des dispositions pertinentes du droit international et sur la base d'un concept mûrement réfléchi et soigneusement mis au point, tenant compte de tous les éléments pertinents et des spécificités de l'Etat et de la région en cause. L'Organisation des Nations Unies ne devrait donc s'engager dans un pays donné qu'avec le consentement de celui-ci, et cela d'autant plus que le mandat de l'Organisation est de plus en plus fréquemment étendu à des domaines relevant traditionnellement de la compétence des Etats eux‑mêmes, et que l'on s'oriente de plus en plus vers des solutions comportant l'usage de la force, soit directement par l'ONU, soit en ayant recours à une assistance militaire extérieure au système des Nations Unies ce contre quoi la République fédérative de Yougoslavie s'élève énergiquement.", "17. Un futur ordre international qui serait fondé sur des précédents s'écarterait des principes fondamentaux de la Charte et du droit international, ou les violerait même de façon flagrante et appliquerait deux poids deux mesures - comme ce fut malheureusement le cas pour la gestion de la crise yougoslave, illustré en particulier par la sécession forcée d'entités administratives de l'ex‑République socialiste fédérative de Yougoslavie et le refus de la communauté internationale de reconnaître le droit de succession de la République fédérative de Yougoslavie sur le plan international, ainsi que par l'imposition de sanctions injustes, iniques et quasiment racistes à toute une nation un tel ordre non seulement serait dangereux et conduirait au chaos, mais constituerait sans doute aussi une source permanente de tensions, de conflits et de menaces pour la paix et à la sécurité. L'exemple yougoslave offre d'abondantes preuves à cet égard.", "18. Parmi ces preuves foisonnent les tentatives toujours plus fréquentes et plus dangereuses en vue d'amener des organisations régionales à s'engager hors des territoires de leurs Etats membres [Communauté européenne, OTAN, Union de l'Europe occidentale (UEO) et Organisation de la Conférence islamique (OCI)] sous prétexte de coopération avec l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité. Il est évident que cela permet de concrétiser ainsi des objectifs et intérêts politiques, stratégiques et autres. Mais ce qui est particulièrement inacceptable, c'est d'essayer d'utiliser l'ONU comme écran de fumée au service de visées distinctes et essentiellement expansionnistes. L'Organisation des Nations Unies a le devoir impérieux d'empêcher de telles tentatives. Ces questions devront être examinées sérieusement aussi lorsqu'elles seront abordées dans le cadre de la préparation de l'\"Agenda\", si l'on veut garantir à l'Organisation une place et un rôle nouveaux dans le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité et promouvoir le progrès et la prospérité dans le monde entier.", "19. Les enseignements de la crise yougoslave font ressortir une nouvelle tendance qui, si elle devait se confirmer, pourrait avoir de très graves répercussions sur l'évolution future des relations internationales. Il est un fait que l'Organisation des Nations Unies et son Conseil de sécurité ont aujourd'hui beaucoup plus facilement recours qu'auparavant à l'usage de la force en vertu du Chapitre VII de la Charte. Ce faisant, ils s'écartent encore plus souvent des principes fondamentaux de la Charte ainsi que de l'esprit et des normes du droit international ou bien les interprètent très librement, parfois même de façon arbitraire. L'exemple le plus frappant à cet égard est la décision d'établir un tribunal international pour juger les personnes responsables de graves violations du droit international humanitaire commises sur le territoire de l'ex-Yougoslavie. Il est évident que quelques pays ont influé de manière décisive sur l'adoption de cette décision, à travers laquelle ils ont cherché à satisfaire certains de leurs intérêts particuliers en abusant de l'autorité de l'Organisation des Nations Unies.", "20. Il est extrêmement dangereux que le Conseil de sécurité prenne des décisions hâtives, des décisions fondées ou des décisions politiquement motivées, sur des accusations mensongères, ce qui malheureusement a souvent été le cas lorsqu'il s'est agi de la gestion de la crise yougoslave.", "21. De tels précédents ne servent guère la crédibilité et l'autorité de l'organisation mondiale; ils ne favorisent pas l'instauration d'un climat de confiance et ne peuvent servir de modèle pour la solution de conflits futurs. Les sanctions injustes, iniques et extrêmement dures imposées à la République fédérative de Yougoslavie sont la preuve révélatrice d'une dérogation inacceptable aux principes établis de la Charte et aux principes et règles fondamentaux du droit international.", "22. Un exemple flagrant de duplicité et de partialité a consisté à dénier à la République fédérative de Yougoslavie le droit de participer aux activités de l'Organisation des Nations Unies ainsi qu'à celles d'autres organes et organismes internationaux. Cette façon de pénaliser ainsi un Etat, Membre à part entière de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, ne trouve de fondement juridique ni dans la Charte ni dans le droit international et est loin d'être propice à la solution des problèmes et conflits internationaux. C'est une manière particulièrement inadaptée de gérer une guerre civile comme celle qui fait rage actuellement sur le territoire de l'ex-République yougoslave de Bosnie‑Herzégovine.", "23. La République fédérative de Yougoslavie accorde une priorité absolue dans ses relations internationales au règlement politique de tous les conflits et différends. A cet égard, elle se félicite vivement des efforts déployés par le Secrétaire général pour aboutir à un règlement pacifique de certaines crises et de certains conflits. Une attention particulière doit en conséquence être accordée au règlement pacifique des différends et à la diplomatie préventive lors de la planification des activités futures de l'Organisation dans le cadre de l'\"Agenda\". Dans cet ordre d'idées, la Cour internationale de Justice, dont le rôle a été injustement négligé, doit bénéficier d'une attention accrue et son arbitrage compétent et impartial doit être recherché et utilisé beaucoup plus souvent à l'avenir.", "24. La République fédérative de Yougoslavie considère que la force et les mesures coercitives, en particulier les sanctions prises en vertu du Chapitre VII de la Charte, ne doivent être utilisées qu'en dernier ressort, et seulement lorsque la communauté internationale a épuisé tous les autres moyens dans la recherche d'une solution pacifique. Les mesures coercitives, et en particulier les sanctions, ne peuvent résoudre un conflit international et encore moins une guerre civile; elles n'ont jamais été et ne pourront jamais être une solution de rechange au règlement pacifique et politique des problèmes et conflits conformément à la Charte. Si malgré tout, la communauté internationale décide d'opter pour des mesures coercitives, ce choix doit s'appuyer sur la Charte et être étayé par des preuves et explications pertinentes. La procédure d'adoption d'une telle décision et la décision elle‑même ne doivent laisser aucun doute sur la question de savoir si la situation visée par le Conseil de sécurité justifie l'adoption desdites mesures en vertu du Chapitre VII ni sur les motifs ayant conduit le Conseil de sécurité à prendre ladite décision.", "25. Une étude exhaustive des mesures prises contre la République fédérative de Yougoslavie en vertu du Chapitre VII de la Charte, en particulier les effets des sanctions sur la Yougoslavie ainsi que sur ses voisins et sur d'autres pays de la région, faciliterait certainement l'examen des questions envisagées par l'\"Agenda\". Cette étude permettrait de situer dans sa juste perspective toute l'expérience négative vécue par la République fédérative de Yougoslavie et par les Etats voisins à la suite des sanctions imposées par l'Organisation des Nations Unies et notamment leurs effets sur les groupes les plus vulnérables de la population, à savoir les nourrissons, les enfants, les vieillards et les malades.", "26. Evoquant toute l'expérience vécue par la Yougoslavie à la suite des tentatives effectuées par la communauté internationale pour résoudre la crise yougoslave, en particulier les conséquences néfastes des sanctions de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, il est proposé que lesdites sanctions soient imposées de manière très sélective et seulement en dernier ressort, et que leur durée d'application soit limitée.", "27. Etant donné les très graves conséquences des sanctions sur l'ensemble de la vie sociopolitique du pays auquel elles sont imposées et des pays indirectement affectés, il est parfaitement juste de demander qu'une attention particulière soit accordée à la mise en place de mécanismes d'assistance financière et autres aux pays touchés par les sanctions alors que leur propre responsabilité n'est pas en cause.", "28. En raison des effets destructeurs et des conséquences négatives à long terme des conflits actuels, en particulier des guerres civiles et interethniques de plus en plus nombreuses ces dernières années, il importe de mettre particulièrement l'accent, lors des débats futurs, sur certaines des questions traitées dans l'\"Agenda\" qui concernent la période suivant la fin d'un conflit. A cet égard, outre les questions relatives au redressement économique et à la reconstruction, les questions humanitaires et celles concernant la protection des droits de l'homme revêtent une importance particulière.", "29. De manière générale et compte tenu des principes de la justice, de la paix et de la sécurité ainsi que du problème de la répartition des forces à tout moment, il est tout à fait légitime de se demander si l'application des sanctions doit être obligatoire ou seulement recommandée, c'est-à-dire s'il ne vaudrait pas mieux laisser chaque Etat Membre décider lui-même de cette application en fonction de sa propre volonté politique et de son appréciation. Le cas de la République fédérative de Yougoslavie est la meilleure illustration de la pertinence de cette question. Un bon nombre de pays estiment que les sanctions imposées à la Yougoslavie sont trop sévères, injustes et inéquitables, mais ils sont néanmoins dans l'obligation de les appliquer parce qu'il s'agit d'une décision du Conseil de sécurité.", "30. Tous les aspects des droits de l'homme et l'application systématique des normes généralement admises doivent certes être au centre des préoccupations et de l'activité de l'Organisation. Toutefois, il est tout à fait inadmissible que cette question très sensible soit utilisée comme prétexte pour une ingérence dans les affaires intérieures d'Etats souverains, en particulier dans les cas d'intervention. La sensibilité et la complexité de cette question, et en particulier la spécificité de chaque région et de chaque pays, ne laissent aucune place à l'arbitraire et à la préméditation. La responsabilité de l'ONU dans ce domaine est énorme.", "31. Les activités de l'Organisation ne doivent être subordonnées aux intérêts exclusifs ni des pays qui font l'objet de ces activités ni de ceux qui, guidés par leurs intérêts particuliers, pourraient être tentés d'orienter les activités de l'Organisation dans le sens de leurs seuls intérêts. Dans le cadre des discussions sur les questions abordées dans l'\"Agenda\", des efforts particuliers doivent être déployés pour établir un mécanisme stable permettant de fournir une assistance humanitaire sur une base objective et équitable et d'éliminer tout parti pris chez les Etats qui sont en règle générale les principaux donateurs. Il va sans dire que l'application cohérente des principes de la Charte et des règles pertinentes du droit international doit sous-tendre toute action menée sous les auspices de l'Organisation ou par l'intermédiaire de l'un de ses mécanismes.", "32. A cet égard, l'expérience acquise dans la crise yougoslave, en particulier dans la guerre civile, interethnique et religieuse dans l'ex‑Bosnie‑Herzégovine, constitue une référence unique. Il va sans dire que les guerres civiles menacent les droits fondamentaux de tous, sans distinction d'origine. Personne n'est innocent dans une guerre civile. Il faut donc partir de ce principe de base pour dispenser l'aide humanitaire et pour examiner les menaces aux droits de l'homme dans les zones affectées par la guerre. Ce n'est pas en pénalisant une seule des parties à une guerre civile que l'on peut aboutir à une solution juste et durable.", "33. Il n'y a donc guère de justification à la pénalisation d'un Etat qui n'est pas partie à un conflit, comme cela a été le cas pour l'imposition de sanctions contre la République fédérative de Yougoslavie sous le prétexte infondé et absurde d'une agression contre l'ex‑Bosnie‑Herzégovine. Cela est également évident pour les principaux acteurs internationaux, en particulier ceux qui ont lancé l'idée des sanctions et les ont imposées.", "34. Conformément à sa position de principe sur l'usage de la force et des mesures coercitives, la République fédérative de Yougoslavie met l'accent sur le caractère très sensible des questions relatives aux \"forces d'intervention rapide\" auxquelles le Secrétaire général attache une grande importance. Ces questions complexes appellent une réflexion approfondie à laquelle tous les Etats Membres de l'Organisation des Nations Unies devraient participer puisqu'ils sont manifestement les premiers intéressés à la mise en place d'un cadre clair dans ce domaine.", "35. En conclusion, la République fédérative de Yougoslavie réaffirme une fois de plus sa disponibilité à contribuer pleinement à l'élaboration de l'\"Agenda pour la paix\", ainsi qu'à toutes les activités de l'Organisation et d'autres organisations internationales conformément aux principes et objectifs de la Charte des Nations Unies et des normes et principes fondamentaux du droit international.", "II. REPONSES DES ORGANISATIONS INTERGOUVERNEMENTALES", "ASSOCIATION DES NATIONS DE L'ASIE DU SUD‑EST", "[Original : anglais]", "[26 juillet 1993]", "1. L'Organisation des Nations Unies est le pivot du maintien de la sécurité et de l'ordre dans le monde. Les propositions formulées par le Secrétaire général dans son rapport intitulé \"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277‑S/24111) reflètent des idées nouvelles et une conception innovatrice du renforcement de ce rôle, que la Charte a confié à l'Organisation. Le changement survenu dans le rapport des forces dans le monde fait que l'Organisation des Nations Unies peut désormais s'acquitter plus efficacement de ses fonctions de diplomatie préventive, de rétablissement, de maintien et de consolidation de la paix, qui jouent un rôle essentiel dans la prévention et le règlement des conflits. Mais, comme de nouveaux conflits et de nouveaux problèmes sont apparus aux niveaux régional et sous‑régional, il est de plus en plus fait appel à l'Organisation.", "2. Dans la région Asie‑Pacifique, les modifications de l'équilibre stratégique mondial ont déjà incité les grandes puissances et les pays de la région à ajuster leurs politiques. Etant donné les incertitudes actuelles, l'ANASE s'est efforcée de créer, avec les grands pays de la région, des mécanismes de dialogue et de consultation permanents en matière de sécurité régionale afin de discerner d'avance les problèmes et de les résoudre avant qu'ils n'atteignent le stade d'une crise ou d'un conflit. L'action de l'ANASE et des grandes puissances peut ainsi servir de complément aux activités de prévention et de règlement des conflits régionaux de l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans la région Asie‑Pacifique. En Asie du Sud‑Est, ce sont les efforts déployés par l'ONU par l'intermédiaire de l'Autorité provisoire des Nations Unies au Cambodge (APRONUC) qui ont permis de mener à bien et pacifiquement les élections générales tenues au Cambodge en mai 1993. L'ANASE aimerait voir l'ONU continuer à exercer dans la région son rôle de diplomatie préventive, de rétablissement et de maintien de la paix, et de consolidation de la paix après les conflits. L'ANASE pense également que la cause de la paix et de la stabilité internationales bénéficiera du dynamisme économique et du développement social dans le monde.", "Diplomatie préventive", "3. L'ANASE fait siennes les vues du Secrétaire général sur la diplomatie préventive et, en particulier, les propositions visant à développer cette notion en recourant par exemple aux mesures visant à renforcer la confiance, à l'établissement des faits et à l'alerte rapide. Il est indispensable de déceler les conflits qui risquent de se produire et de les circonscrire avant qu'ils n'éclatent. L'ANASE peut jouer un rôle dans la diplomatie préventive régionale en coopération avec l'ONU. Le principe de la diplomatie préventive et du règlement pacifique des différends est inscrit dans le Traité d'amitié et de coopération en Asie du Sud‑Est.", "4. L'ANASE est en faveur des mesures visant à renforcer la confiance que cite le Secrétaire général. L'ANASE est elle‑même un bon exemple de ce qui peut être fait pour renforcer la confiance dans une région. Elle a été l'initiatrice de grands concepts de renforcement de la confiance à l'échelle de la région tels que la Zone de paix, de liberté et de neutralité et la Zone exempte d'armes nucléaires en Asie du Sud‑Est. La Déclaration de l'ANASE sur la mer de Chine méridionale est un autre exemple de renforcement régional de la confiance. L'ANASE a également soutenu le Registre des armes classiques de l'ONU.", "5. L'ANASE se félicite de ce que l'Assemblée générale ait adopté par consensus le 18 décembre 1992 la résolution 47/120, qui contient notamment des décisions importantes sur l'établissement des faits. L'ANASE souscrit à la Déclaration concernant les activités d'établissement des faits de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en vue du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales, adoptée par l'Assemblée générale dans sa résolution 46/59 du 9 décembre 1991, et note que les missions d'établissement des faits entreprises par le Secrétaire général, le Conseil de sécurité ou l'Assemblée générale respecteront les principes directeurs adoptés par l'Assemblée, et notamment celui du consentement préalable des Etats intéressés. L'Article 99 de la Charte autorise le Secrétaire général à demander au Conseil de sécurité d'examiner toute affaire qui, à son avis, pourrait mettre en danger le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales et il pourrait s'agir là d'un élément de diplomatie préventive.", "6. L'ANASE approuve pour l'essentiel les propositions du Secrétaire général relatives à l'alerte rapide, c'est‑à‑dire la mise en place d'un mécanisme efficace d'alerte rapide et l'idée que les organismes régionaux ont un rôle important à jouer en la matière.", "Rétablissement de la paix", "7. L'ANASE soutient la proposition du Secrétaire général visant à donner au Conseil de sécurité un rôle plus actif dans le règlement pacifique des différends, conformément au Chapitre VI de la Charte. Le Conseil devrait rester le principal organe chargé du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales et du règlement des questions qui sont à l'origine des conflits. En tant qu'organe universel, l'Assemblée générale devrait être utilisée, selon qu'il conviendra, pour prévenir ou contenir des situations qui constituent une menace pour la paix et la sécurité internationales. L'expérience cambodgienne a démontré à l'ANASE qu'un tel système est viable. Le Secrétaire général pourrait aussi nommer des représentants spéciaux pour certaines régions ou certains pays, pour le tenir au courant des situations et lui signaler les points chauds. L'ANASE pense également qu'en cas de conflit, une action internationale visant à améliorer la situation locale pourrait faciliter le rétablissement de la paix. Il serait souhaitable d'avoir une Cour internationale de Justice plus efficace.", "8. L'ANASE estime aussi que le Conseil de sécurité devrait tenir compte des considérations humanitaires lorsqu'il adopte des régimes de sanction. Il faudrait que le Conseil étudie la question de savoir quels types de sanctions sont efficaces pour obtenir les résultats voulus.", "9. L'ANASE est généralement en faveur de l'emploi de la force militaire et préconisé par le Secrétaire général à titre transitoire avant que l'ONU ne recourt à des mesures coercitives lorsque les moyens pacifiques échouent. En vue d'améliorer les opérations de maintien de la paix, on pourrait étudier plus à fond l'expérience du fonctionnement de l'APRONUC, sur le terrain et au Siège de l'ONU, ainsi que la possibilité de créer une force d'imposition de la paix de l'ONU. Il faudrait faire preuve de souplesse pour la constituer, certains pays ayant des restrictions constitutionnelles et des problèmes d'opinion publique. La plus grande partie des unités de cette force pourrait venir des pays qui sont prêts à fournir des contingents.", "Maintien de la paix", "10. L'ANASE soutient dans l'ensemble les propositions du Secrétaire général relatives aux aspects financiers et logistiques des opérations de maintien de la paix. Elle pense toutefois qu'il faut améliorer le rapport coût‑efficacité de ces opérations. Elle exhorte en outre tous les pays à payer leurs contributions intégralement et à temps. Le personnel offert pour les activités de maintien de la paix doit être extrêmement compétent, expérimenté et bien formé pour pouvoir s'acquitter de la tâche de plus en plus ardue qui l'attend : appliquer et faire respecter le mandat de l'ONU. La formation du personnel en vue des opérations de maintien de la paix devrait être fondée sur des normes et des concepts fixés par l'Organisation.", "Consolidation de la paix", "11. L'ANASE pense comme le Secrétaire général que la consolidation de la paix doit être considérée comme faisant pendant à la diplomatie préventive. La consolidation de la paix, surtout après des conflits, ne doit pas consister seulement à régler les problèmes politiques de développement des institutions et des infrastructures mais doit tenir compte aussi des menaces autres que militaires à la sécurité telles que les causes économiques et sociales d'instabilité.", "Financement", "12. L'ANASE reconnaît que des bases financières solides et stables sont une condition préalable indispensable à l'application efficace de tous les programmes et activités de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. C'est particulièrement vrai aujourd'hui, à un moment où l'Organisation est sollicitée de toutes parts, en particulier aux fins du maintien de la paix. Elle mène actuellement pas moins de 14 opérations de maintien de la paix dans diverses parties du monde. Cette augmentation sans précédent du nombre d'opérations de ce genre entreprises par l'Organisation depuis sa création épuise évidemment ses ressources déjà insuffisantes, les contributions n'étant pas versées au rythme qu'exige le financement de chacune de ces opérations. La situation financière de l'ONU reste déplorable; elle est due tout simplement au fait que nombre d'Etats Membres ne s'acquittent pas des obligations qui leur incombent en vertu de la Charte, selon laquelle ils doivent acquitter à temps leurs contributions tant au budget ordinaire qu'aux opérations de maintien de la paix. L'ANASE demande donc instamment à tous les Etats Membres d'acquitter leurs contributions intégralement à la date voulue.", "Conclusion", "13. L'ANASE accueille avec satisfaction nombre des propositions formulées par le Secrétaire général dans son rapport \"Agenda pour la paix\" et les approuve. La région Asie‑Pacifique des années 90 se porte bien; la paix règne dans les pays membres et entre eux. Les grands changements qui sont intervenus sur le plan international depuis la fin de la guerre froide ont engendré des incertitudes, mais ils ont aussi ouvert une possibilité sans précédent de coopération internationale pour le renforcement des perspectives de paix et de prospérité mondiales. La communauté mondiale a le devoir d'agir pour épargner aux générations à venir le fléau de la guerre. Les propositions avancées par le Secrétaire général dans \"Agenda pour la paix\" sont des progrès importants vers la paix et la stabilité internationales. Si l'on veut que l'Organisation des Nations Unies joue plus efficacement son rôle dans le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales, force est de reconnaître qu'il faut sans plus tarder traiter la paix, le développement et la démocratie comme un tout indissociable. Mais il ne suffit pas de reconnaître que la paix et la prospérité sont liées; le temps est venu pour l'ONU d'adopter des mesures concrètes et des programmes d'action.", "SECRETARIAT DU COMMONWEALTH", "[Pour le texte intégral, voir document S/25996/Add.2.]", "‑‑‑‑‑", "[1] Les réponses ont été reproduites telles qu'elles ont été reçues. Les appellations employées n'impliquent de la part du Secrétariat de l'Organisation des Nations Unies aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires ou zones ou de leurs autorités.", "[2] ^(*) Au nom des pays nordiques : Danemark, Finlande, Islande, Norvège et Suède." ]	[ "A S", "1", "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE POSITION OF TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/403/Add.1", "S/26450/Add.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ARABIC/ENGLISH/", "FRENCH/RUSSIAN", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD EXTRA RETURNS.GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 87", "COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE WHOLE", "QUESTION OF PEACE-KEEPING", "OPERATIONS IN ALL THEIR ASPECTS", "Improving the capacity of the United Nations for peace-keeping", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "CONTENTS", "Page", "I. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES 1/ ........................... 3", "Australia ........................................................ 3", "France ........................................................... 3", "Namibia .......................................................... 10", "Qatar ............................................................ 11", "Russian Federation ............................................... 12", "Sweden ........................................................... 17", "Thailand ......................................................... 19", "__________", "1/ The replies have been reproduced as received. The designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities.", "93-50509 (E) 091193 /...", "CONTENTS (continued)", "Page", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ............. 21", "Yugoslavia ....................................................... 29", "II. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ............ 36", "Association of South-East Asian Nations .......................... 36", "Commonwealth Secretariat ......................................... 39", "I. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES", "AUSTRALIA", "[Original: English]", "[6 August 1993]", "1. \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) points to the rapid evolution in the nature of peace-keeping operations in recent years. Mandates have become more complex and the size and make-up of peace-keeping forces as well as the number of operations in place at any one time are of a quite different order to that experienced for the first 40 years of the United Nations.", "2. This expansion of peace-keeping and the diversification of peace-keepers' roles has occurred largely without debate or explicit consensus on the appropriate role for the United Nations and other bodies or on the desirable political and practical limits to peace-keeping.", "3. Peace-keeping demands have outstripped the current planning and logistical capacity of the United Nations. They present Member States with increasing financial and human resource demands. It is widely recognized that the United Nations is overstretched, with a level of organization, resources and procedures no longer adequate to cope with the demands made of it.", "4. There is, therefore, growing reason to agree on more predictable conditions for deploying peace-keeping operations and to define more clearly the realistic limits to what the United Nations can be expected to achieve.", "5. The Government of Australia is currently developing its views on how these conditions could best be articulated. At the same time, it fully supports efforts to enhance the effectiveness of United Nations peace-keeping. It welcomes the recent reforms to strengthen the Secretariat's capacity for planning, logistics and command and control of peace-keeping. Australia will continue to play an active role in discussion and development of proposals by Member States in consultation with the Secretary-General on practical steps to improve the effectiveness of peace-keeping.", "FRANCE", "[Original: French]", "[28 July 1993]", "1. France has taken note with satisfaction of the report of the Secretary‑General dated 15 June 1993 (S/25944) on implementation of the recommendations contained in \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111). It is pleased at the measures already taken.", "2. In accordance with the wishes expressed by the Secretary-General, the French Government wishes to contribute to the thinking on the subject and to communicate its views as follows:", "I. ENHANCED PREPARATION OF PEACE-KEEPING OPERATIONS", "Strengthening of the Secretariat", "3. France welcomes the substantial increase in staff and the enhancement of the infrastructures of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations. Such efforts should be continued in both the civilian and military divisions of that Department. Such enhancement, which is a universally recognized imperative, is essential in order to respond to the continual increase in peace-keeping operations, which require constant political and military follow-up.", "4. Similarly, the French Government gives its unreserved approval to the dispatch by the Secretary-General of fact-finding missions to areas where the international Organization is, or may be, called upon to intervene. As underscored by the Secretary-General in his report of 15 June 1993, the mass of information collected by those missions, or communicated by Member States, should be dealt with efficiently. For that reason, it also appears indispensable to continue to strengthen the resources of the Secretariat, in particular the Military Adviser's Office and the situation room of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations.", "Improved military planning", "5. The function of military planning is today as crucial as political follow‑up on the various conflicts in existence. The United Nations is being induced to deploy peace-keeping missions in which countries with diverse military traditions participate. It must therefore have more effective monitoring - and eventually planning - structures in order to anticipate crisis situations, to react rapidly and to facilitate initial planning of operations in accordance with the very specific constraints of the United Nations.", "6. Efforts should be exerted along three specific lines:", "(a) Even before the Member States make their contributions known, an initial operational concept should be drawn up on the basis of an enhanced military audit and, eventually, of a planning outline, in collaboration with the competent special representative of the Secretary-General. This should make it possible to improve the quality and reliability of the implementation plan for the military aspect of the mandate, which is usually described in the report of the Secretary-General setting the scope of action for each mission. That is why there should be a gradual establishment of a new structure attached to the Secretariat and made up of officers with sound planning experience. That structure should be of a size that is compatible with the flexibility expected of it;", "(b) As soon as the principle of a deployment is established, the structure should be strengthened as soon as possible by representatives of the contributing States who are entrusted with the preparation of operational planning as such, in liaison with the military staff to be deployed on the ground;", "(c) Furthermore, global planning cells already exist in a number of multilateral, political and military organizations, in particular in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Western European Union. Contacts and exchanges of views between the United Nations and those organizations, whose experience and skills are widely recognized, are necessary and should be developed, in particular for the operation zones covered by those organizations, and in the event that they should be called upon to intervene directly at the request of the United Nations. Such exchanges should allow the emergence of complementarity, which may prove indispensable if and when the experts and troops of those organizations find themselves working side by side with the United Nations on the ground.", "Greater efforts in the direction of contributing countries", "7. The major troop-contributing countries have regularly expressed their desire to be informed, in the course of a mission, of the general directions and operational decisions taken. The French Government understands those requests and feels that it would be useful for an informal follow-up committee, comprising diplomatic and military representatives of the countries participating in the mission in question, to be very regularly informed and, where necessary, consulted by the Department of Peace-keeping Operations regarding the decisions taken or under consideration. In short, if it is necessary to enhance the Secretariat's capacity for analysis, planning and follow-up, it is logical that the contributing countries should also be collectively better informed of the progress of the mission.", "Better logistics", "8. The United Nations is increasingly being called upon by the international community to intervene very rapidly in situations of crisis or humanitarian emergency. This increased responsibility means that the reaction time of the Organization should be correspondingly swifter. Such a requirement presupposes that the Organization should at all times have at its disposal the necessary equipment for the speedy organization of a mission. That is why it appears necessary to strengthen the logistic potential of the United Nations.", "9. The stocking of arms and ammunition requires costly maintenance and the availability of qualified personnel who are familiar with the equipment they are handling. For such reasons in particular, it is preferable that, in general, military equipment should remain under the exclusive responsibility of the Member States.", "10. However, recent experience shows that certain needs are constant from one mission to another. Peace-keeping involves the use of certain very specific types of equipment with which the contingents called upon to serve as \"blue helmets\" are not systematically supplied and which are liable to be used in extremely diverse theatres of operations. That is true of both non-military equipment (prefabricated buildings, radios, telephones, vehicles, ...) and of certain military equipment (military communications, advance armoured vehicles, drones ...). The Secretariat must be in a position to provide civilian and military personnel, as soon as they are deployed, with this type of equipment, which is indispensable for the execution of their mandate. Plans should therefore be made for the Secretariat to acquire a small central stock of equipment specifically dedicated to peace-keeping.", "II. ENHANCED ON-THE-GROUND OPERATION OF PEACE-KEEPING MISSIONS", "Military contribution of Member States", "11. In the light of the increasing need for United Nations interventions, a thoroughgoing reform of the \"blue helmets\" mobilization system is necessary. Since it is clear that the Organization cannot today afford to maintain a standing force, it is indispensable for the Member States to establish forces which can be mobilized rapidly. These should be made up of already earmarked units forming a set of military modules to be trained with peace-keeping tasks in mind and supplied with equipment which is compatible among the various units. These units (military modules) would be placed at the disposal of the United Nations and could be mobilized at any time.", "12. In view of the increasing number of peace-keeping operations, the current limits to the capacity of the major contributing countries have been reached. States are now compelled, more than in the past, to become involved primarily in accordance with their own national interests. By the same token, it also happens that contributing countries show a lack of enthusiasm for intervention within the sole framework of what is today conventionally known as the \"moral obligation\" of the members of the international community.", "13. The mechanism of military modules should make it possible, to a large extent, to correct the current tendencies, to get back to the Organization's principle of neutrality and, through prior consultations, to help the Secretary‑General to assess the true capacity of the Organization for intervention. It should also make it possible to involve a greater number of Member States in peace-keeping missions. It is to be hoped that each Member State should feel itself concerned by this approach and should identify, in accordance with its own capacity, what types of units it might be able to place at the disposal of the Organization. Eventually, each Member State should participate in this process.", "Enhanced operational intermeshing", "14. The logistical organization of such modules means that all the contingents called upon to be operational at very short notice should have a common base of know-how and methods. It therefore appears necessary to introduce training for all of the units concerned. Such training, which would be supplementary to the military training of each army, should be given initially in the national military schools. However, the United Nations should coordinate, first at the level of high-ranking officers, and going progressively down the hierarchy, specific training courses which would allow concepts and methods to be exchanged. Such courses should be organized in turn by the major contributing countries under United Nations control. Furthermore, joint (staff) exercises should be progressively organized by the United Nations in order to test under realistic conditions the operational intermeshing of the contingents and to suggest concrete ways of enhancing it.", "Enhancement of tools of political analysis and follow-up of missions", "15. The mandates of the missions deployed recently contain increasingly broad political aspects. The missions are now regularly being asked to monitor the administrations in place, to train new police forces, to forge the various previously rival factions into new armies, to ensure the fairness of electoral campaigns, etc. Such tasks are wholly in response to the concern voiced by all to have peace-keeping missions also deal with the political origin of the conflicts in order to allow sustainable peacemaking.", "16. This new responsibility means that the mission entrusted with such peacemaking should constantly be alert to the changing political positions of all the parties to the conflict. It is all the more important to be well acquainted with the local political situation, as the peace-keeping missions - usually involving tens of thousands of men - are likely to stir up a feeling of resentment among segments of the population, sometimes manipulated by a minority opposed to the mission. Any mission must be able to anticipate the problems it is likely to encounter and to explain to the populations concerned the rationale behind its decisions.", "17. This is why it would be desirable for each mission always to have a policy‑analysis unit under the direct authority of the office of the special representative. The role of this unit, composed of international specialists and experts from the region, would be to closely monitor and analyse developments in the political climate and in the opinions of local parties in order to inform the special representative of the trends of opinion among the rulers and the population. The political analyses carried out by this unit should also be transmitted to the Secretariat for its information.", "III. GREATER POLICY CONTROL", "18. France is firmly in favour of enhanced policy control over peace-keeping operations.", "19. There should be closer monitoring of the various phases of such operations.", "20. Operations must be prepared along the lines of the policy guidelines proposed by the Secretary-General in \"An Agenda for Peace\".", "21. Apart from fully addressing the general desire for the development of preventive diplomacy, the dispatch of fact-finding missions involving representatives of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations would help to pave the way for the deployment of troops, identify needs, gather information and prepare cost estimates for the operations. The reports of these missions should be transmitted to Member States as soon as possible to enable them to make early arrangements for their possible participation in such missions.", "22. The practice whereby a special representative of the Secretary-General is appointed for each mission should be institutionalized. The Special Representative should be appointed after consultations with the parties to the conflict and the Security Council. His role is to coordinate the activities of the various components of the operation (civilian, military, humanitarian ...), monitor the policy - and not the operational - aspects of military issues, and to report regularly on his mission to the Secretary‑General and the Security Council.", "23. The establishment of the operation must depend on the definition of a clear mandate by the Security Council. In this regard, France would like the resolutions authorizing the establishment of peace-keeping forces to be as specific as possible on two points:", "(a) The final political objectives of the force must be spelled out in the mandate. In order to be realistic, such objectives could be limited and need not necessarily aim at a complete settlement of the crisis;", "(b) The mandate should also include specific intermediate objectives. The Secretary-General should be able to propose an evaluation timetable in the report he submits to the Security Council when each operation is established. Such intermediate objectives could include: the partial or total disarmament of the belligerents, the establishment and observance of a cease‑fire, and the dispatch of good-offices missions to the areas in conflict.", "24. The management and monitoring of the operation could be improved:", "(a) By developing the still too-limited resources of the situation room of the Field Operations Division. This room should be accessible not only to members of the Division but also to the military representatives of the troop-contributing States and even members of the Military Staff Committee established by virtue of Article 47 of the Charter;", "(b) By having the special representative of the Secretary-General report regularly (once a month) on his mission as a whole, the progress of operations, problems encountered in the implementation of his mandate and observance of the timetable. The work of the policy-analysis unit of the mission should be reported to the Security Council, which should also be provided with any other pieces of information (internal audits) that it might find useful;", "(c) By institutionalizing the dispatch of inspection missions composed of experts with a mandate to report back to the Security Council so as to enable it to assess the situation, verify that the resources of the force are commensurate with its mandate and also verify compliance with and a uniform interpretation of the rules of engagement.", "25. The involvement of regional arrangements and organizations in peace-keeping operations should be encouraged under certain conditions:", "(a) The special representative of the Secretary-General must be in charge of the operation. The representatives of regional arrangements and organizations must be under his command;", "(b) The policy of appointing a joint representative of the United Nations and of a regional organization may also be encouraged;", "(c) When the States members of these regional arrangements and organizations participate in an operation, their representatives should also be granted access to the situation room of the Secretariat.", "IV. BETTER FINANCIAL SUPERVISION", "Firmly established principles", "26. The question of financing peace-keeping operations should be monitored closely and the French Government:", "(a) Wishes to reiterate its commitment to the current system of establishing a specific budget for each operation, which ensures financial transparency of the operations and allows individual monitoring by Member States;", "(b) Still favours the financing of operations through assessed contributions as the only way of ensuring the independence of such operations and providing them with sustained resources. Voluntary contributions should be accepted only from beneficiary States and only when such States have the financial capacity to make such contributions;", "(c) Would like detailed cost estimates to be prepared before every mission and a financial report to be sent to Member States before any decision is taken by the Security Council;", "(d) Will support any proposal aimed at conducting audits of ongoing operations or, generally speaking, at ensuring a more regular supervision of expenditures and provision of more comprehensive information to the oversight bodies (the Security Council and the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions).", "An informal consultation group", "27. The difficult, complex and long missions that the United Nations has recently put into place throughout the world have highlighted some of the problems facing troop-contributing countries. Countries with special responsibilities due to the extent of their involvement in peace-keeping missions should hold close informal consultations among themselves in order to address those crucial problems. We believe that such an informal consultation group should give priority attention to two topics which are unanimously recognized as important and are dictated by current events:", "(a) The approaches to the financing of peace-keeping missions outlined in the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex), which should be developed further with a view to their prompt implementation;", "(b) The safety of personnel engaged under the United Nations banner and the types of sanctions that could be taken against those responsible for attacks against such personnel.", "28. This consultation group, which must remain informal and flexible, could transmit the outcome of its discussions to the Secretariat, the Security Council and the General Assembly.", "NAMIBIA", "[Original: English]", "[3 August 1993]", "1. The policy of the Government of the Republic of Namibia with regard to international peace-keeping has, naturally, been influenced by the recent history of the country. The successful United Nations Transitional Assistance Group (UNTAG) operation in 1989-1990, which assisted in ushering in the independence of Namibia, was witnessed and enthusiastically supported by the entire Namibian population, as they saw peace and security being restored. UNTAG became synonymous with freedom.", "2. The Government of the Republic of Namibia has made peace and stability the main platform of its domestic, as well as foreign policies, and by its policy of national reconciliation, peace and stability have grown and found deep roots in Namibia, particularly as nurtured by the Constitution of the Republic of Namibia.", "3. The policy of international peace-keeping is thus one of the pillars of the foreign policy of the Government of Namibia. Given the manpower and resources constraint, Namibia will, to the extent of its capabilities, play its role in peace-keeping and peace-building.", "4. From this perspective, the Government of the Republic of Namibia would support measures that would help to create regional confidence and trust and dispel any suspicion and mistrust. The Regional Meeting on Confidence and Security-Building Measures in Southern Africa, held at Windhoek from 24 to 26 February 1993, provided a useful opportunity for regional leaders and policy makers in matters of national security to discuss issues common to the region; and, more importantly, to dispel any mistrust and misconception about one another. The Government would encourage and support similar meetings in the future, or follow-up on the achievement of the Windhoek meeting.", "5. In the light of this policy, the Government of the Republic of Namibia has spared no efforts to find a solution to the crisis in neighbouring Angola. At the regional level, as well as the international, Ministers of the Government have incessantly sought to find ways and means to resolve the crisis. The Government of the Republic of Namibia thus actively pursues a policy of preventive diplomacy and peaceful settlement of disputes consistent with the Constitution.", "6. In the current peace-keeping operation in Cambodia, under the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), Namibia has a contingent of reinforced vehicles - Wolf - participating in that operation. Following the experience of this specialized contingent of reinforced vehicles, Namibia will, in the future, consider seriously, if requested, participation in peace-keeping operations with a similar contingent, tempered only by financial constraints.", "7. Namibia would like to emphasize the significance for countries that cannot afford the specialized training required to be given the necessary assistance to bring their forces to the level required for effective participation in international peace-keeping operations. This is particularly pertinent to a young and developing country like Namibia. The reinforced vehicles - Wolf - need maintenance. In the operation in Cambodia, the request by the United Nations was made at the last minute. As a result, only those vehicles which were in operational capacity could be dispatched, perhaps with some deficiencies that could have been rectified.", "8. The Government of the Republic of Namibia considers that financing of peace-keeping operations is the collective responsibility of all Member States, in accordance with the provision of the Charter of the United Nations. The Government has always paid its assessed contributions in full and on time. However, it should be noted that, with increasing peace-keeping operations, financing of such peace-keeping operations will become a heavy burden to developing countries such as Namibia. The Government would thus wish to point out that moving Namibia up from Category D to C, as proposed in the report of the Secretary-General (A/47/484), will increase its peace-keeping operations by 100 per cent. The proposal, which is meant to reserve the last Category - D - for the least developed countries, would nevertheless result in imposing a heavy burden on developing countries such as Namibia.", "9. The recommendation in the Ogata-Volcker report (A/48/460, annex, p. 18) to create a revolving fund at the level of $400 million will improve the start-up cost of peace-keeping operations as compared to the current level of $150 million; this recommendation should be considered.", "QATAR", "[Original: Arabic]", "[2 August 1993]", "1. The Government of Qatar affirms the importance of peace-keeping and peace-enforcement machinery in accordance with the relevant articles of the Charter. It also agrees with the Secretary-General concerning the importance of preventive diplomacy to avert the outbreak of armed conflict that threatens international peace and security.", "2. The Government of Qatar also endorses the Secretary-General's proposals contained in paragraphs 34 to 44 of his report entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111), in particular the use of peace-enforcement units in clearly defined circumstances. Such forces should be more heavily armed than peace-keeping forces and available on a permanent basis for the purposes laid down in Article 42 of the Charter.", "3. The Government of Qatar believes that the proposals submitted by the Secretary-General in his above-mentioned report for the financing of peace-keeping and peace-enforcement operations are worthy of consideration and merit endorsement.", "RUSSIAN FEDERATION", "[Original: Russian]", "[14 September 1993]", "1. The profound changes that have taken place in the world over the last few years have also changed the nature of the challenges faced by international peace and security. The primary threat to humankind is now posed not by the possibility of the eruption of a nuclear conflict between the major Powers, but by regional crises of a national, ethnic or religious nature.", "2. The priorities of the international community in the area of security are also undergoing corresponding changes. The attention of most States is now focused on peace-keeping efforts, and a corresponding need has arisen to strengthen the peacemaking capacity of the United Nations.", "3. The Russian Federation is pleased to note that over the last few years the United Nations, despite all the difficulties in its path, has made considerable progress in adapting its peacemaking activities to the changing conditions. The relevant facts and trends are well known and there is no need to mention them here.", "4. At the same time, certain new problems have emerged. While increasingly pinning their hopes on the peacemaking efforts of the United Nations, States are often reluctant to support those hopes with any practical contribution and to commit the necessary material, technical and financial resources and manpower. At times they even appear impatient and critical, when peacemaking actions by the United Nations become stalled or fail to bring immediate and conspicuous results. Global security and the very future of the United Nations will depend in large measure on the extent to which the Organization is able to adapt in a smooth and efficient manner to the realities of the changed world.", "5. The report by the Secretary-General entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) has significantly advanced the concept of peacemaking. The detailed discussion of that document in the Security Council demonstrated the urgent need to implement the provisions it contained and to define the common priorities of the States Members of the United Nations.", "6. A substantive discussion, centred on \"An Agenda for Peace\", has also begun in the General Assembly, and its results are awaited with interest.", "7. In this context, the Russian Federation fully supports the recommendation of the Security Council that all States should consider participation in and support for international peace-keeping as part of their foreign and national security policy. This fundamental principle is reflected in the theoretical foreign policy documents and regulatory instruments of the Russian Federation currently being elaborated.", "8. The provisions contained in the statement made by the President of the Security Council on 28 May 1993 (S/25859) are intended to help clarify and develop the general political orientation and operational principles underlying the conduct of United Nations peace-keeping operations. A useful contribution to the determination of the basis on which peace-keeping operations are to be conducted has also been made by the document prepared by the special group of experts on peace-keeping cooperation established by the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. In our view, the provisions of that document could be taken into account in the preparation of a report by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "9. The effectiveness of the United Nations peace-keeping operations could be considerably enhanced by making more active and comprehensive use of the resources offered by preventive diplomacy. Among the new aspects of this activity, the Russian Federation welcomes the first preventive deployment of a United Nations contingent in Macedonia as an important step forward in the search for new approaches in the area of conflict prevention. The further development of the concept of \"safe zones\" could also be of value.", "10. The Russian Federation is prepared to assist in providing the Secretary‑General with essential information, including information of a confidential nature, to ensure effective preventive diplomacy and peace-keeping activities as a whole.", "11. The Russian Federation supports the idea that the Security Council should make full use of its powers under the Charter to steer conflicting parties in the direction of negotiated political settlement. It welcomes the vigorous and purposeful efforts made by the Secretary-General in recent months to exercise his prerogatives in the area of mediation and good offices, and believes that the close and regular consultations he has held at the same time with the Security Council are of exceptional importance for the elaboration of a common strategy.", "12. The Russian Federation sets high store by the elaboration, at the earliest possible opportunity, of specific arrangements for the implementation of the provisions of Article 50 of the Charter of the United Nations. In particular, it would be a good idea to consolidate the practice whereby the Security Council recommends to the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the other multilateral financial institutions that they take due account of the hardship caused to \"third countries\" by sanctions, when funds are being allocated to such countries through those organizations.", "13. The experience of recent United Nations peace-keeping operations, in particular in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia and Somalia, demonstrates the importance of a smoothly operating functional chain between the planning, preparation, logistic support and monitoring of the conduct of United Nations peace-keeping operations. This, in turn, presupposes a clearly defined interface between national contingents, the proper organization of the command system and the elaboration of precise rules governing the conduct of operations and criteria for the use of force. It goes without saying that peace-keeping operations with \"difficult mandates\" require a special approach, applicable also to the selection of United Nations peace-keeping contingents (taking due account of their experience and combat efficiency) and to the appropriateness of enforcement measures, and so on.", "14. It is vitally important that operations should be launched in the context of clearly defined political settlement objectives, and not merely as a response by the international community to situations where \"something should be done\".", "15. A component vital to the success of peace-keeping activities is a sound financial basis. The current crisis in this area is due, first and foremost, to a lack of political will on the part of States to support international stability through United Nations peace-keeping efforts, as evidenced, in particular, by the fact (cited in the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex)) that, on average, for every thousand dollars spent by States on defence, only one and a half dollars are contributed to United Nations peace-keeping efforts.", "16. Attention should be focused on devising arrangements for the more rigorous monitoring of the planning and rational utilization of human, material and technical resources in United Nations operations. In particular, the role of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions could be strengthened at all stages of the preparation and implementation of United Nations operating budgets.", "17. Attention should also be given to the question of financial support for the initial stage of an operation in the event of emergency deployment. The Russian Federation is prepared to support the proposal by the Secretary-General that arrangements should be worked out to accelerate the allocation of resources to a new operation, immediately it has been instituted by the Security Council.", "18. The Russian Federation still has doubts regarding the creation of a single budget for all operations, since this would leave unsolved the primary problem of the need to regulate expenditure and to enhance the effectiveness of operations, and would not improve the cash-flow situation.", "19. The Russian Federation believes that it is high time to consider diversifying the sources of financing for peace-keeping operations through the increased material responsibility of recipient States and other States directly interested in ending the conflict. It might be useful to secure resources from regional organizations, voluntary contributions, including voluntary contributions from non-governmental sources and, in specific cases, make use of contributions in kind.", "20. The time has come to take specific steps to review the scale of assessments to the budget of United Nations operations.", "21. The following ways of improving United Nations peacemaking mechanisms are particularly timely in the light of the Organization's present tasks:", "(a) The existing structures involved in the planning, preparation and management of United Nations operations must be strengthened and, perhaps, additional structures should be created. Under the Charter of the United Nations, the Military Staff Committee is responsible for the strategic direction of any armed forces placed at the disposal of the Security Council. The revitalization of the Committee merits serious study. If the Committee were able to focus on specific actions and include in its work representatives of the countries that are the principal suppliers of contingents (for example, in accordance with Article 47 of the Charter), it would then be able, under the direction of the Security Council, to assume general command of operations, develop specific proposals on cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in a given field, and so forth. The division of tasks among Secretariat units must be more clearly defined. The Russian Federation considers that it is important to strengthen the central position of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations and include, within its core staff, qualified specialists with a broad range of functions, who could be involved in a variety of ways in the urgent launching of operations;", "(b) Serious consideration should be given to the command and monitoring of field operations. Effective leadership by the commander of United Nations forces, close coordination of the activities of contingents from various countries and their adherence to the mandate given to the Security Council are of key importance. To this end, it is important to have well-defined interrelations and cooperation within the command of the operations (including their military and civilian components) and a single operational centre that functions efficiently 24 hours a day;", "(c) The Russian Federation welcomed the ideas underlying the concept of United Nations \"reserve forces\" proposed by the Secretary-General. The Supreme Council is currently considering draft legislation on the participation of the Russian Federation in United Nations peace-keeping operations. When it is adopted the Russian Federation intends to hold negotiations with a view to concluding an agreement with the United Nations on the provision of Russian military, civilian and auxiliary personnel, who are in a state of readiness, and material and technical resources and services for already established or planned peace-keeping operations. The Russian Federation has already informed the United Nations about a part of its existing resources (two army medical divisions);", "(d) It is crucially important to ensure that operations are launched as quickly as possible, when fragile agreements in \"hot spots\" can and should be strengthened by a United Nations presence, which should begin with the sending of observers. The time between the Security Council's adoption of a decision and the actual start of operations should be shortened considerably;", "(e) In taking a decision on the start-up of an operation, in particular a large-scale operation, the Security Council should consider not only political expediency, the cost of the United Nations action and the degree of potential hazards of personnel but also the problem of \"withdrawing\" from the operation. There should be no \"limitless involvement\". However, this principle should not be adhered to slavishly. In exceptional cases, in the absence of a viable political settlement, the States Members of the United Nations should agree to extend the operation, since \"a bad peace is better than a good quarrel\". The practice of including in Security Council decisions provisions that make the presence of United Nations personnel in conflict areas contingent on progress towards a political settlement should be more widely applied;", "(f) Extremely pressing is the need to improve procedures for recruiting and training personnel, including civilian personnel. In particular, the criteria for recruiting civilian personnel should be more precise and recommendations on the training of such staff to carry out United Nations operations should be standardized. It would be useful to establish national \"reserve contingents\" of volunteer civilian specialists. The Russian Federation considers it advisable for the United Nations Secretariat to compile and send to potential donor countries an illustrative list of specialities and requirements to be met by candidates.", "22. Lately, the question of safety of personnel has become particularly acute. In this regard, the Russian Federation is in favour of the most resolute measures, including measures to bring to justice persons and organizations guilty of attacks on and other acts of violence against the \"blue berets\". The mandatory conclusion of agreements with recipient countries on the status of United Nations forces is a partial solution to the problem but does not provide an adequate answer to all questions. At the same time, vigorous measures to defend United Nations contingents should not develop into military operations of a punitive nature or lead to the involvement of the United Nations in internal conflicts.", "23. The right of the United Nations to bring to justice persons who resort to force against United Nations personnel must be made legally binding. A precedent for this might arise when the International Court of Justice begins its proceedings on the former Yugoslavia.", "24. Post‑conflict peace-building is becoming an inalienable part of peace‑keeping, without which countries emerging from the \"active\" stage of a conflict cannot be rebuilt. The Russian Federation would be particularly interested in a study of the experience and capabilities of the United Nations and other international organizations in this area with respect to peace‑building in the territory of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "25. The Russian Federation considers useful the proposals to decentralize responsibility for peace-keeping and peacemaking and supports the idea of enhancing the role of regional organizations in this area in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations. Progress in this direction should be gradual, and an indispensable condition should be that the Security Council bears the principal responsibility for maintaining international peace and security.", "26. The Russian Federation welcomes the conclusion between the United Nations and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) of a framework agreement on cooperation and coordination and takes note of the efforts of CSCE, the European Community, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Western European Union to settle the conflict in the territory of the former Yugoslavia on the basis of Security Council decisions and under the Council's political guidance.", "27. The question of peacemaking in the territory of the former USSR is extremely important to us. The collective peacemaking mechanisms of the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as individual regional agreements on the settlement of conflicts in particular regions of the former USSR, are currently being more actively applied in practice and the cooperation between such mechanisms and the United Nations and CSCE is increasing. As a member of those mechanisms and agreements, the Russian Federation appreciates the practical contribution of the United Nations to the settlement of these conflicts, and is prepared to cooperate further with it.", "SWEDEN", "[Original: English]", "[20 August 1993]", "Ongoing efforts", "1. The Nordic countries welcome and support the ongoing efforts to restructure the Department of Peace-keeping Operations aimed at strengthening the capacity of the United Nations in the field of peace-keeping.", "2. They especially welcome the integration of relevant parts of the Field Operations Division into the Department of Peace-keeping Operations as a step they believe will strengthen and make more effective the planning, management and administration support to the operations.", "3. They look forward to the result of the work of the stand-by planning team aimed at improving and speeding up the process by which the Organization obtains personnel or formed units and equipment from Member States for new peace-keeping operations or the expansion of existing ones.", "4. They are prepared to cooperate with the Secretariat, to the extent that resources so permit, and to find additional personnel for specific tasks in the peace-keeping field that may be provided to the United Nations on a temporary basis.", "5. The Nordic countries welcome the creation of a situation room for the operations in Somalia and the former Yugoslavia, and commend the intention of the Secretary-General to take steps towards the establishment of an integrated situation room, covering peace-keeping operations world wide. A significant strengthening of the capabilities of the United Nations Secretariat for the operational management, command and control of ongoing operations is now needed.", "6. They furthermore consider the creation of a military planning cell within the Department of Peace-keeping Operations an essential and timely measure for enhancing the capacity of the Secretariat.", "7. In addition to the measures that are already under way, the Nordic countries would however suggest that the following proposals be considered with a view to taking action on them within a near future.", "__________", " On behalf of the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.", "Organization and effectiveness", "8. The arrangements for training of peace-keeping personnel - military, civilian and police - should be reviewed and improved, using the appropriate capabilities of Member States, regional organizations and arrangements, non‑governmental organizations and the Secretariat. In particular, consideration should be given to the establishment of a training programme for key personnel of peace-keeping operations with a view to creating a pool of trained personnel with knowledge of the United Nations system and its working procedures. The Nordic countries are prepared to explore ways and means to strengthen their cooperation with the United Nations and its Member States in this field.", "9. Core staff of a peace-keeping operation should be included in the planning process at an early stage. One guiding principle for this process should be that, to the extent possible, the persons who are to implement a peace-keeping operation should also be involved in its planning. This will require increased efforts by the Secretariat to identify, in cooperation with Member States, at an early stage potential key personnel, such as force commanders and chief administrative officers, for future peace-keeping operations.", "10. Descriptions of the areas of responsibility for the different experts and advisers, as well as the regular desk officers, within the Department of Peace-keeping Operations should, as appropriate, be provided to Member States, thus facilitating communications and cooperation between all parties involved.", "Financing", "11. The serious financial situation of United Nations peace-keeping operations is of major concern to the Nordic countries. Action must be taken, bearing in mind the useful proposals in the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex) to ensure adequate financing of the peace-keeping operations, based on the principle of collective responsibility and the payment of assessed contributions in full and on time. In this connection, the Nordic countries stress the importance of reimbursing all the outstanding dues of troop-contributing countries without delay.", "12. While welcoming the establishment of the Peace-keeping Reserve Fund, the Nordic countries underline the need for further discussions on how to achieve adequate financing of the initial phase of peace-keeping operations.", "13. The Nordic countries suggest that steps be taken to enable the delegation of increased financial and administrative authority to the force commander or the special representative for a multi-component mission, as a way of enhancing the performance of the mission and achieving greater cost-efficiency. For this purpose, the existing United Nations Financial Regulations and Rules, as well as the administrative procedures for peace-keeping operations, need to be reviewed in order to increase the capacity of missions to adjust flexibly to new situations and specific requirements. Such measures must however be matched by efforts to provide adequate training to administrative personnel in the field, as well as strengthened internal control procedures.", "Agreements and guidelines", "14. The conclusion of status-of-forces agreements is essential for the creation of a well-defined working relationship between the United Nations and the host country for a peace-keeping operation. Increased efforts by the Secretariat to finalize such agreements, preferably before the deployment of a peace-keeping force, are therefore required.", "15. The Nordic countries would also like to underline the crucial importance of the model agreement between the United Nations and Member States contributing personnel and equipment to peace-keeping operations, especially as these operations become increasingly complex. The Secretariat is urged to conclude such agreements with contributing Member States.", "THAILAND", "[Original: English]", "[21 July 1993]", "I. ON GENERAL PRINCIPLES", "1. The Royal Thai Government concurs with the Secretary-General's observation that \"the foundation-stone of the work of the United Nations is and must remain the State\". Respect for sovereignty and integrity of States is therefore vital in any common international and United Nations undertaking.", "2. The Royal Thai Government is following with great interest the development in peace-enforcement activities by the United Nations. Since peace-enforcement activities entail substantial new risks, the Royal Thai Government feels that the advantages and disadvantages of each United Nations peace-enforcement activity must be thoroughly considered. In some situations, such activities may be counterproductive, especially when consent has not been obtained from all the parties involved in the conflict.", "3. The Secretary-General's suggestion that United Nations peace-keepers be sent to \"zones of instability and potential crisis\" to prevent any outbreak of hostilities also requires further careful consideration. The Royal Thai Government feels that greater clarity regarding the scope and the circumstances under which it might take place is needed.", "II. ON THE CAPACITY OF THE SECRETARIAT", "4. The Royal Thai Government welcomes the recent expansion of the Office of the Military Adviser. It also fully supports the suggestion that Field Operations Division be integrated within the Department of Peace-keeping Operations.", "III. ON PLANNING", "5. It is well recognized that planning procedures need to be improved. The Royal Thai Government feels that force commanders should be appointed early and be directly engaged in preliminary planning so that early advice concerning force composition and requirements can be given to ensure effective preparation by troop-contributing countries. Moreover, procurement and logistics procedures must also be improved.", "IV. ON COMMAND AND CONTROL", "6. The rapid expansion of peace-keeping activities has created an urgent need for a fully functional situation room/operations centre at United Nations Headquarters. The Royal Thai Government shares the view that, as a minimum requirement, such a centre must serve as a single focal point for communications and information about peace-keeping operations. In the long-run, it may serve to integrate the operational, logistics, planning and intelligence requirements of such operations.", "V. ON TRAINING", "7. The Royal Thai Government believes that much of the success of all peace-keeping activities depends on well-trained personnel. It is self-evident that training should be based on agreed standards and concepts of operations. The effort to prepare a comprehensive United Nations manual on logistics policies and procedures is most welcome. Moreover, the feasibility of setting up regional training centres should be seriously studied. This is because regional cooperation in sharing experiences could enhance Member States' capability and preparedness to contribute to peace-keeping operations.", "VI. ON FINANCE", "8. The Royal Thai Government has long been seriously concerned about the precarious situation regarding the financing of peace-keeping operations. It is our firm belief that the United Nations peace-keeping efforts are too vital to the maintenance of world peace to remain hostage to financial and budgetary restrictions. The key to solving this intractable problem, in its view, still lies in Member States paying their assessed contribution in full and on time. However, other bold and innovative approaches suggested by the Secretary-General in \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) should be seriously pursued.", "VII. ON SAFETY OF PERSONNEL", "9. As a troop-contributing country, Thailand is gravely concerned with the growing number of fatalities among peace-keeping and other personnel. The Royal Thai Government hopes that measures recommended by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/72 of 14 December 1992 will be implemented in a timely manner.", "UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND", "[Original: English]", "[20 July 1993]", "1. In response to the Security Council statement of 28 May 1993 (S/25859) on the follow-up to the \"Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111), the United Nations Secretary-General requested Member States to identify to him those areas of United Nations peace-keeping operations which required strengthening, and their ideas for positive steps that could be taken.", "General", "2. The Security Council and the United Nations Secretariat need to analyse the situation on the ground carefully before agreeing to establish a United Nations peace-keeping operation. Such operations need clear and achievable objectives linked to an ongoing political process that can provide a solution, and a precise mandate as well as the consent of the parties and confidence that the necessary resources will be made available. The United Nations and Security Council must also be clear-sighted on the possible wish of regional organizations/Member States to pass on to the United Nations operations where their own actions have not brought a solution and consider whether the United Nations should be involved. There is also a need for the United Nations to look at existing mandates critically to see what impetus can be given to bring them towards an end.", "3. The British Government welcomes the considerable efforts already made by the Secretary-General to strengthen and enhance the United Nations capability to plan and conduct peace-keeping operations. Useful initiatives have been taken, in particular the strengthening of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations, the establishment of a 24-hour situation room and the initiative of the stand-by force planning project. The United Kingdom welcomes proposals to integrate the Field Operations Division with the Department of Peace-keeping Operations.", "Command, control and planning", "4. Command and control relationships need to be more clearly defined. Unity of command at the highest levels is essential. Such unity of command is unlikely to be achieved until all aspects of a peace-keeping operations are handled by a single department at United Nations Headquarters.", "5. The actual command function (that is, the authority to assign force elements to tasks and to reassign them as necessary) should remain the responsibility of the force commander. The United Nations Headquarters should be responsible for providing direction to commanders and acting as the essential political/military interface. It should focus on strategic rather than detailed operational planning and needs improved capability in this area.", "6. The ability to react flexibility to dynamic situations required to meet the demands of peace-keeping is a product of three main factors: capacity, expertise and experience. Economy of effort is also required, not only to reduce costs but to ensure that a surge capability exists and to make sure that scarce resources are husbanded wisely. The United Kingdom believes that these four principles could best be applied to the Secretariat through the establishment of an expanded planning and operations staff - a general staff for peace-keeping. These men and women, both civilian and military, some of whom might be seconded from nations, would work to an agreed professional doctrine and would be able to provide the necessary core of the United Nations strategic planning chain principally at United Nations Headquarters in New York but also in the field. They would augment the existing embryonic planning and operations cell and provide the capacity, expertise and experience it will require if it is to be effective. Such staff should work to agreed standards with clear performance goals. Further elaboration of the tasks of the planning and operations staff is contained in the annex.", "7. The planning and operations staff would provide the United Nations with the \"nervous system\" for which its present staff is neither structured nor resourced. They would not have a command function but would hold responsibility for the initial development of an operational plan until such time as the force commander and his staff were appointed. It is important that a force commander should be associated with planning from the outset. Members of the planning and operations staff might also deploy to operations as principal staff officers to United Nations commanders. However, a balance would need to be struck between the needs in the field and the needs at headquarters in New York. Great care would have to be taken not to dilute the central core of expertise to the extent that it became ineffective. In preparing an operational plan, due regard must be paid to potential costs to ensure that expenditure does not exceed what is essential to carry out tasks effectively.", "8. There is also a need to examine the best means of drawing in staff used to working together to form the nucleus of a headquarters when deploying a new mission. States might be asked to nominate officers who could be called on by the United Nations to replace particular members of the peace-keeping staff at Headquarters who could in turn be deployed to a new mission. It is suggested that the professional nucleus of a field headquarters should be found principally from individual States involved, or lead nations. Sometimes a regional organization might provide the nucleus. Ideally personnel in staff positions should have received training in United Nations Headquarters procedures and be used to working in a multinational environment. The combination of trained personnel together with the continuity and expertise brought by deploying members of the planning and operations staff would help overcome the inherent disadvantages encountered when multinational headquarters are assembled in a mission area.", "Communications and information", "9. The United Nations needs to provide force commanders with considered political analysis based on accurate and up-to-date information about the situation on the ground. Such information is best performed by experts, often using specialized equipment. It would be prohibitively expensive for the United Nations to develop a viable in-house military information capability. The United Nations should therefore seek to make greater use of such capabilities that nations or multinational organizations already possess. Force commanders also need to be able to develop the capacity to analyse military information.", "10. The United Nations needs to develop a system-wide communication system, so that strategic communications offer value for money and efficiency. A communications working party might examine how best to ensure that all United Nations parties (including agencies) engaged in operations are able to communicate effectively with each other. The key is to ensure common standards and compatibility.", "11. The United Nations may wish to examine the need for coordinating mapping requirements and availability for operations and the appointment of a specialist mapping adviser as a member of the military staff.", "Demining", "12. The United Kingdom welcomes the appointment to the Secretariat of a mine clearance adviser. Coordination of all interested agencies is crucial.", "Doctrine and standard operating procedures for peace-keeping", "13. The fact that the United Nations draws its peace-keeping forces from many Member States is one of its greatest strengths since it means that United Nations peace-keeping missions are seen as an expression of concern by the international community as a whole and not as a means of promoting narrower national or regional interests. However, this political strength can be a source of military difficulties as forces from a variety of nations with different levels of expertise, operating to different standard operating procedures attempt to work together often for the first time.", "14. The United Kingdom's experience as a member of a multinational alliance leads it to the firm view that the publication of United Nations tactical doctrine from which standard operating procedures could be elaborated would help to smooth the integration of a United Nations force. The United Nations might wish to draw on relevant existing standard operating procedures, for example, those developed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) for a multinational environment.", "15. Once developed, doctrine and standard operating procedures adapted to take account of current operations should be disseminated more widely among membership. Troop-contributing nations should fully understand these procedures and be competent in implementing them before deployment.", "Training", "16. Training should remain a national responsibility but structured to meet individual and unit standards set by the United Nations. The potential for staff colleges around the world to draw on a common body of knowledge in training their key officers should be considered. Experienced States should be willing to send personnel to participate in work of other staff colleges, and help them develop their own training programmes.", "17. The United Nations might also examine the concept of experienced peace‑keeping nations deploying small short-term training teams to train units from less experienced nations. Such training could be organized on a regional basis and would be particularly valuable for contingents due to deploy to the same mission area.", "18. There may be scope for a more limited United Nations training venture to allow for the training of personnel pre-designated to fill key appointments in field headquarters. Much of the training could be undertaken using distance learning techniques, possibly making use of national or regional staff colleges.", "Political/military interface - cooperation with other agencies", "19. It is important to develop understanding between the military and civilians, both within peace-keeping operations and with humanitarian and other involved agencies.", "United Nations military observers/civilian observers", "20. The United Nations faces a shortage of United Nations military observers. It could consider the potential for establishing also a core of United Nations civilian observers, who could be drawn from both those with diplomatic experience and ex-military who wish to serve the United Nations, who would act along the same lines as United Nations military observers and who could provide an additional analytical capacity to reinforce work of United Nations civilian advisers. The aim might be to deploy mixed teams, United Nations military observers and United Nations civilian observers, whose combined roles might contribute to local liaison and peacemaking, who work to the same doctrine in support of a force commander.", "Logistics", "21. The United Kingdom recognizes the need to enhance the United Nations logistic capability. A first step would be the creation of standard operating procedures for all areas of logistic support, including finance. The United Kingdom welcomes the Canadian-led United Nations exercise to draw up standard operating procedures, which has its full support. It is hoped that the results will prove implementable across the spectrum of peace-keeping operations.", "22. There will be a need to follow up the creation and implementation of logistics doctrine and standard operating procedures with training of troop-contributors. A member State with expertise to offer might take the lead in drawing up a training package.", "23. There is a possible case for drawing in civilian contractors by international tender where conditions on the ground permit and where this would be financially beneficial. There would be a clear need, however, to coordinate the overall logistic effort, including any civilianized elements.", "24. There is a clear need for coordination of movement of assets and both in‑theatre casualty evacuations and out-of-theatre medical evacuations.", "25. Given pressures on United Nations international staff in the interim before developing a general staff concept, the United Nations might draw in more personnel recruited at the local level, who can fill gaps on short-term local contracts. These can be specialists in logistics, administration, accountancy and so on.", "Public information", "26. The United Nations needs to adopt a more proactive approach to public information policy for peace-keeping operations. It should seek to draw in more professionals in handling the media, since every operation is subject to intense pressures. There is a need to train Headquarters and mission staff in management of media and in presenting the case for an operation and commenting on it as it progresses. The control of such information can no longer be done exclusively from New York. A more systematic flow of information between the United Nations and troop-contributing nations would be appreciated. The United Nations might seek to recruit specialists (or indeed ex-journalists) at local level to support missions.", "27. Mission, mandates and aims need to be made clear to a host nation in advance. There is therefore a clear need for a major public information input from the time of a technical reconnaissance mission, to consider how the mandate and operation itself can best be portrayed to the host country and the local parties.", "Administration and field finance", "28. The United Nations needs to develop a highly professional and trained corps of chief administrative officers to cope with the massive needs of the current operations, while in keeping with the principle of unity of command report through the head of mission to the Department of Peace-keeping Operations in New York. Individual States might help with training to develop the best practice, a common understanding and esprit de corps. Some training for future operations can sometimes be provided by current large missions in theatre.", "29. Procedures for recruitment of civilian staff, in particular short-term contract staff, should be streamlined. Contractors who regularly supply skilled labour to the United Nations should have briefing packages and be encouraged to develop their own training courses.", "30. The United Kingdom accepts the case for a greater degree of delegated financial authority to chief administrative officers in any operation, but this would need to be matched by a system of regular inspection to establish that resources are being properly used. Military audit procedures have clear relevance to peace-keeping operations.", "Equipment, costings and finance", "31. The United Kingdom accepts that there may be an operational advantage in creating limited revolving stockpiles, possibly derived from underspending in current operations, to ensure that immediate emergency needs for deployment can be met. It is also aware, however, that costs would be incurred in storage maintenance, rotation and wastage through obsolescence. The financial implications of the above would need to be fully examined before this issue could be considered further.", "32. The greater use of dormant contracts between the United Nations and commercial companies and nations for frequently used items should also be considered. Costs would need to be pre-negotiated and stocks subject to inspection.", "33. The United Nations should consider applying to all troop-contributing nations a standard leasing arrangement for advanced military equipment as opposed to using a depreciation formula.", "34. It might be worth exploring the possibilities for payment in kind by States who have appropriate and good condition military equipment up to a limited percentage of their assessed contributions, subject to inspection and verification and prior agreement on costings for individual items and a maintenance package.", "35. Before passage of a resolution, the United Nations needs to present as fully costed an estimate of potential costs as possible, preferably a minimum of 48 hours in advance so that all Member States can consider the financial implications before a vote is taken.", "36. The United Kingdom accepts in principle that from the moment of passage of a resolution, the United Nations Secretariat should send out assessment notices amounting to 20 per cent of estimated costs to meet immediate deployment needs. These would require potential costings to be available much sooner. It could also be helpful for these to be discussed in advance with, for example, the 15 major financial contributors. Pending responses, the Secretary-General should be entitled to draw on the peace-keeping reserve fund for starting costs.", "37. However, this is only a short-term solution. In the longer term, there is no substitute for Member States' paying their assessed contributions promptly and in full. Member States, particularly persistent debtors, should continue to be urged at every opportunity to improve their payment record.", "38. Enhancing the effectiveness of United Nations peace-keeping proposals, which of themselves would add to expenditure, should be financed by offsetting savings achieved through a reprioritization within the regular budget or a peace-keeping operations budget, whichever is appropriate.", "Stand-by forces", "39. The United Kingdom welcomes the initiation of the stand-by force planning project. For peace-keeping forces to be able to deploy rapidly and properly equipped for the task in hand, it is essential for the Secretary-General to have accurate information on forces Member States are prepared to make available. The verification process is important. An annual update and inspection of a percentage of units declared would seem appropriate. Alternatively, the United Nations could follow NATO practice in sending teams to interrogate States regularly (as with the NATO defence planning questionnaire). The United Kingdom welcomes the projected visit to NATO.", "40. The United Kingdom maintains full-time, professional armed forces who undertake a variety of commitments world wide. The nature of these commitments makes it impossible for the United Kingdom to earmark forces solely for United Nations service. It would not be possible to guarantee availability. Notwithstanding, the United Kingdom is prepared to consider further requests to commit forces to United Nations peace-keeping operations on a case-by-case basis taking account of resources already committed elsewhere.", "41. The United Kingdom will therefore cooperate fully with the stand-by force planning team, which is due to visit the United Kingdom in the near future, by explaining the range of relevant command and operational capabilities it maintains, though any request for deployment would need to be considered on a case-by-case basis.", "42. Nations contributing initial forces would wish to be certain that a commitment to deploy early was matched by a United Nations commitment to agree on a firm end date for their commitment. There may be merit in investigating further the concept of nations with well-trained, equipped and available forces providing the first wave of a peace-keeping force, thereby allowing other nations the time to train and equip their forces to the required standard.", "43. The team might also look at logistic support, including strategic lift, that Member States might be able to put at United Nations disposal.", "United Nations civilian police", "44. United Nations civilian police play a key role in United Nations operations, but police forces differ widely in their training and practice. The United Nations might consider a stand-by planning exercise also to examine the availability, type and training of civilian police to assess what type of police force is most appropriate for a mission.", "Role of regional organizations", "45. The United Kingdom supports a greater role for regional organizations in peacemaking and potentially in peace-keeping. They have an intimate knowledge of local conditions and can provide expert knowledge on background to the conflict.", "46. Consideration might therefore be given to enhancing and encouraging liaison with appropriate regional organizations.", "47. The United Kingdom also sees some scope for the use of regional organizations to help with training for peace-keeping and possibly to conduct multinational exercises.", "48. The United Kingdom supports the concept of a division of labour with regional organizations taking a greater role in their own areas particularly as regards peacemaking, while recognizing at all times the primacy of the United Nations in situations relating to international peace and security.", "ANNEX", "Some of the functions the planning and operations", "staff might include", "(a) The preparation of advice for the Secretary-General on all aspects of United Nations peace support operations.", "(b) The development of broad contingency plans and the maintenance of the stand-by force database.", "(c) Making proposals on force requirements, command, control and communications, logistics, rules of engagement and training needs and standards.", "(d) Liaising with nations and regional and other organizations, particularly in the areas covered by (b) and (c) above.", "(e) Supporting special representative reconnaissance missions and developing military appreciations.", "(f) Overseeing the implementation of policy established by the Security Council for United Nations operations.", "(g) Provision of 24-hour support for current operations.", "(h) Preparation of post-operation reports for the Security Council.", "YUGOSLAVIA", "[Original: English]", "[26 August 1993]", "1. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia supports the initiative and efforts to define the criteria and foundations of international relations and the appropriate role of the United Nations in the new conditions established in the post-cold-war period, particularly so the insistence of the Secretary-General to seek solutions to all problems and conflicts by peaceful means.", "2. Considering that the central role and importance of the United Nations in all future processes of establishing, safeguarding and promoting world peace is widely recognized and accepted, it is quite understandable that the approach and basic orientations of the \"Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) enjoy broad support among United Nations Member States, including that of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia did make its own contribution to the activities related to the preparations of the \"Agenda\", even though that contribution was often limited in size and scope owing to United Nations sanctions, short of which it would have been much more extensive and in line with what Yugoslavia had been ready and able to offer.", "3. As one of the founding Member States of the United Nations, which participated in many peace missions under United Nations auspices throughout the history of the world Organization, Yugoslavia has been one of the staunchest adherents to the basic principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, such as peace, peaceful cooperation, confidence-building and the promotion of relations among States and respect for human rights aimed at furthering all-round prosperity.", "4. There is no doubt that the new quality of international relations in the post-cold-war period, characterized by the desire for cooperation rather than confrontation, calls for appropriate structural, as well as conceptual adjustments of the United Nations, which should being about greater efficiency and appropriate responses to the challenges of the time to come. At the same time, the Member States themselves, including the largest, the most powerful and the most developed amongst them, should also adapt their own policies and views. In doing so, they should always bear in mind that the basic principles of the Charter of the United Nations are the cornerstone on which all future United Nations activities should be based. For the United Nations has been entrusted with the most sacred of missions, the preservation of world peace and security, and it bears the primary responsibility for the discharge of this role in an effective, impartial and just way in accordance with international law. Consequently, the transformation of international institutions, primarily of the United Nations, in accordance with the new requirements, should be effected through multilateral forms of cooperation with equal participation by all its Member States. There is no doubt that the most appropriate forum for all these activities is the United Nations General Assembly.", "5. It would be politically naive to disregard the weight and power of the world's most powerful States and their influence on the formulation of the future system of international relations. Therefore, future activities related to the establishment of the system initiated by the \"Agenda\" must be carried out with a great deal of responsibility in the approach of all relevant factors, and of these countries in particular. If developments were to promote the interests of some countries or some groups of countries at the expense of the interests of others, the basic intentions proclaimed in the \"Agenda\" would be cancelled out.", "6. The decisions adopted or to be adopted by the Security Council on the crisis in former Yugoslavia are eloquent proof that the questions dealt with in the \"Agenda\" deserve urgent attention and that they should be addressed without bias and partiality, which, unfortunately, has not been the case with regard to Yugoslavia.", "7. At the outbreak of the Yugoslav crisis, the United Nations set up a peace protection force (UNPROFOR) with a specific task to protect the population until a durable political solution was reached. On the ground, UNPROFOR established effective cooperation with the European Community (EC) Monitor Mission. UNPROFOR's mandate was gradually expanded, both territory-wise (in addition to United Nations protected areas, it included former Bosnia-Herzegovina, Prevlaka and Macedonia) and assignment-wise, as a result of which the peace operations in the territory of the former Yugoslavia are now the largest, the most complex and the most expensive peace operation in the history of the United Nations. During its mission, resolutions were adopted authorizing the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter to ensure humanitarian aid deliveries and to impose safe havens in former Bosnia-Herzegovina. Close cooperation has been established between the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the implementation of the Security Council decisions on the no-fly zone in former Bosnia-Herzegovina.", "8. Without a proper prior assessment of the situation, the Security Council adopted the resolutions, establishing unjust and unfair sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. By their severity and comprehensiveness these sanctions are without precedent in the history of the United Nations and punish an entire people. Particularly absurd is resolution 820 (1993), sealing off the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from the outside world, which - adding insult to injury - was adopted because Bosnian Serbs, citizens of another United Nations recognized State, had refused to accept the Vance-Owen Plan for former Bosnia-Herzegovina. The adoption of this resolution at that time was an exercise in sanctimony since the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had supported the Vance‑Owen Plan as a framework of the quest for a durable and just peace, acceptable to all three warring parties in the civil war in former Bosnia-Herzegovina. The \"unbearable lightness\" of the international community in dealing with the crisis in the former Yugoslavia has been borne out by events: the Vance-Owen Plan has been all but abandoned, yet not only have the sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia not been lifted, but their strict implementation continues to be insisted upon. Such inconsistency, even arbitrariness, in upholding the principles and purposes of the Charter are far from being contributory to the strengthening of world peace and security, much less to the adoption and affirmation of the \"Agenda for Peace\".", "9. Against this backdrop, the experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in its cooperation with the United Nations in the context of the resolution of the crisis in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is of great value for the future work of the United Nations in the field of peace-keeping, its financing and personnel recruitment, but also as an example of dangerous precedents that have been made on behalf and under the authority of the world Organization.", "10. In this context, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia feels called upon to make some remarks on some inadmissible tendencies in international relations that were particularly manifest in the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis. Proceeding from Yugoslavia's lasting commitment to peace and the basic principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law, as well as from the experience gained in the resolution of the crisis in the former Yugoslavia, a number of views on the \"Agenda for Peace\" are presented below.", "11. The importance and role of the United Nations in establishing, safeguarding and promoting world peace and security are irreplaceable. The United Nations is and must continue to be the main effective and impartial centre of all activities aimed at establishing, safeguarding and protecting world peace and security.", "12. The Security Council is the main executive organ of the United Nations, primarily responsible for ensuring peace and international security. This role of the Security Council was very much in evidence during the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis. Unfortunately, some new and negative tendencies have also come to the fore.", "13. During the adoption of relevant decisions in the Security Council, particularly those concerning the war in former Bosnia-Herzegovina, there was a high level of agreement, especially among the permanent members of the Security Council, as a result of which decisions were, as a rule, adopted unanimously in contrast to the period of the cold war, a practice far from being negative by itself. This is, no doubt, an important new quality and a sign of the strengthened role of the Security Council. This tendency, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is convinced it shares the opinion of many other countries, is laudable only if the Security Council unanimity does not reflect the absolute supremacy and arbitrary role of some of its permanent members, to which other countries acquiesce tacitly or which they at least do not disapprove overtly, aware of their inability in the given constellation of forces to exercise decisive influence and thus modify or even prevent adoption of certain decisions.", "14. With all this in mind and without prejudice to the importance of the Security Council and the universality of interests and the need to establish durable and stable peace, the processes initiated within the \"Agenda\" should include all those concerned, all United Nations Member States, in mapping out future solutions. The most appropriate form of their involvement is through their activity in the General Assembly, while the role of this main United Nations body should be considerably strengthened.", "15. As a State that has contributed greatly to the formulation of the role of United Nations peace-keeping forces and other United Nations activities, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia does understand the importance of United Nations peace-keeping operations and its regular financing.", "16. The experience of all United Nations peace-keeping missions, and particularly that acquired in civil wars, such as in former Bosnia-Herzegovina and Somalia, has proved that one of the priority roles of these missions is to provide humanitarian assistance. The special problem is to ensure the protection of United Nations forces. Considering the complexity of these issues, an efficient solution of the problem that would ensure a smooth running of United Nations activities, particularly those in which use of force is involved, must be sought on the basis of strict observance of the principles of the Charter and the relevant provisions of international law, and a carefully thought-out and worked-out concept, taking account of all relevant elements and specificities of the State and the region in question. The United Nations should therefore be involved in a country exclusively with the consent of the country concerned. This all the more so since the United Nations mandate is being ever more frequently extended to include questions falling traditionally within the competence of States themselves, while solutions are being increasingly sought through arrangements that include the use of force either by the United Nations or by resorting to military assistance outside the United Nations system, to which the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has very strong objections.", "17. A future international order that would be based on precedents, depart from, or even flagrantly violate, the basic principles of the Charter and international law, resort to double standards, as has been the unfortunate practice in dealing with the Yugoslav crisis, particularly evident in the international recognition of the forcible secession of the administrative parts of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the refusal to recognize the legality of the international continuity of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, as well as in the establishment of the unjust, unfair and almost racist sanctions against an entire nation, would not only be dangerous and lead to chaos, but would, no doubt, become a source of lasting tension, conflicts and threats to peace and security. The Yugoslav example provides abundant evidence in this regard.", "18. This evidence is replete with ever more frequent and dangerous attempts to involve regional organizations outside the territories of their member States (EC, NATO, the Western European Union (WEU) and the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)) under the pretext of enlisting their cooperation with the United Nations in maintaining peace and security. This is done for the very obvious reason of accomplishing in this way special political, strategic and other goals and interests. Particularly unacceptable is the effort to use the United Nations as a smokescreen for achieving separate and essentially expansionist goals. It is the bounden duty of the United Nations to prevent these attempts. These issues must be given serious consideration also during their discussion within the preparation of the \"Agenda\", if we are to ensure the United Nations a new place and role in maintaining peace and security and promote progress and prosperity all over the world.", "19. The experience acquired from the Yugoslav crisis reveals a new tendency, which, if continued, could have very serious repercussions for the future development of international relations. In point of fact, the United Nations and its Security Council resort must more easily today to the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter. In doing so, they depart ever more frequently from the basic principles of the Charter and from the spirit and norms of international law or interpret them very broadly, sometimes even arbitrarily. The most striking example is the decision to establish an International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia. It is obvious that a small number of countries had a decisive influence on the adoption of such a decision, whereby they sought to realize some of their specific interests by abusing the authority of the United Nations.", "20. It is extremely dangerous if Security Council decisions are adopted hastily, if they are based on false accusations and are politically motivated, which, unfortunately, has often been the case in the process of dealing with the Yugoslav crisis.", "21. Such precedents pay lip service to the credibility and authority of the world Organization, they are not conducive to confidence-building and cannot serve as a model for solving future conflicts. The unjust, unfair and extremely tough sanctions imposed against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia are tell‑tale evidence of the unacceptable departure from the established principles of the Charter and the fundamental principles and norms of international law.", "22. A glaring example of duplicity and double standard has been the denial of the right of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to participate in the activities of the United Nations and of other international bodies and organizations. Such a method of punishing a State, a full-fledged Member of the United Nations, which has no legal grounds in the Charter or in international law, is far from being suitable for solving international problems and conflicts. It is particularly unsuitable for dealing with a civil war like the one being waged in the territory of the former Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina.", "23. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia attaches absolute priority in its international relations to political means in solving all conflicts and disputes and, in this context, it highly appreciates and welcomes the efforts of the Secretary-General to bring about a peaceful settlement of some crises and conflicts. Special attention in the elaboration of the future United Nations activities within the \"Agenda\" should therefore be devoted to peaceful settlement of disputes and to preventive diplomacy. In this context, the International Court of Justice, whose role has been unjustly neglected, should be given added importance and its expert and unbiased advice should be sought and used much more often in the future.", "24. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is of the opinion that force and coercive measures, sanctions in particular, under Chapter VII of the Charter should be resorted to only as a final option to be used only after the international community has exhausted all other means in the quest for a peaceful solution. Coercive measures, sanctions in particular, cannot solve an international conflict, especially not a civil war, and they have never been nor can they be an alternative to the settlement of problems and conflicts by peaceful and political means in accordance with the Charter. If the international community would nevertheless opt for coercive measures, this option must be based on the Charter and backed by relevant evidence and explanation. The procedure for the adoption of such a decision and the decision itself must leave no room for doubt as to whether the situation addressed by the Security Council justifies the adoption of the measures on the basis of Chapter VII nor to question the motives of the Security Council in taking such a decision.", "25. An exhaustive study of the measures taken against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under Chapter VII of the Charter, particularly of the effects of the sanctions on Yugoslavia, as well as on Yugoslavia's neighbours and other countries of the region, would certainly facilitate the discussion of the issues envisaged by the \"Agenda\". It would help put in proper perspective all the negative experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its neighbour States in dealing with United Nations sanctions, particularly their effects on the most vulnerable categories of the population - infants, children, the old and the ailing.", "26. Looking back on all the experience Yugoslavia has had with the attempts of the international community to solve the Yugoslav crisis, especially with the harmful consequences of United Nations sanctions, it is proposed that sanctions should be imposed very selectively and only as a means of last resort and that they should be of limited duration.", "27. Considering the very serious consequences of the sanctions for the overall socio-political life of the country on which they are imposed and of the countries affected by them indirectly, there is every justice in the request that special attention be accorded also to the establishment of mechanisms for rendering financial and other assistance to the countries affected by sanctions through no fault of their own.", "28. The destructive and far-reaching negative consequences of present-day conflicts, especially of civil and inter-ethnic wars, increasing in number in recent years, point to the need that some of the issues dealt with in the \"Agenda\" related to the period following the cessation of a conflict be given special emphasis in future deliberations. In this context, in addition to the issues related to economic recovery and reconstruction, of special importance are humanitarian issues as well as the issues related to the protection of human rights.", "29. In general and considering the principle of justice, peace and security, as well as the problem of the constellation of forces at every given moment, it is quite legitimate to ask whether sanctions should be mandatory or recommendable by nature, that is, whether they should be better left to the political will and assessment of individual Member States to decide for themselves on their implementation. The legitimacy of this issue is best illustrated in the case of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. There are quite a number of countries that consider that sanctions against Yugoslavia are too tough, unjust and unfair, but they have to implement them because of the decision of the Security Council.", "30. The set of issues from the field of human rights and ensuring a consistent implementation of generally accepted standards must certainly be in the focus of interests and activity of the United Nations. However, it is unacceptable and absolutely inadmissible that this sensitive matter is used as a pretext for interference in internal affairs of sovereign States, particularly in cases of intervention. The sensitivity and complexity of this matter and in particular the specificity of every region and country, leave no room for any arbitrariness and wilfulness. The responsibility of the United Nations in this field is enormous.", "31. The activities of the United Nations must not be subordinated to the exclusive interests either of the countries that are the object of the activities or of those which, guided by their separate interests, may aspire to channel the activities of the United Nations in directions that correspond with their interests alone. Within the discussion of the issues dealt with in the \"Agenda\", special efforts should be made to establish a stable mechanism that would ensure an objective approach to and equality in rendering humanitarian assistance and would eliminate each and every bias of States that, as a rule, are principal donors. Needless to say, a consistent implementation of the principles of the Charter and of the relevant rules of international law must be the basis for undertaking any action under the auspices or through a mechanism of the United Nations.", "32. In this context, a singular benchmark is the experience acquired in the Yugoslav crisis, in particular in the civil, inter-ethnic and religious war in former Bosnia-Herzegovina. It goes without saying that civil wars threaten the basic human rights of all, irrespective of national origin. Nobody is innocent in a civil war. This must, therefore, be the point of departure in rendering humanitarian assistance and in considering threats to human rights in war‑affected areas. Punishing one side in a civil war alone cannot provide a sound basis for a lasting and just solution.", "33. There is, therefore, hardly any justification for punishing a State that is not a party to a conflict, as has been the case with the imposition of sanctions only against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under an unfounded and absurd accusation that it has committed aggression against former Bosnia‑Herzegovina. This is apparent also to key international factors, particularly those which initiated and forced their establishment.", "34. In accordance with the principled position of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on the use of force and coercive measures, the sensitivity of issues related to \"rapid intervention forces\", to which the Secretary-General attaches great importance, is stressed. These complex issues call for a thorough elaboration to which all United Nations Member States should make a contribution since they are certainly most directly interested in laying out a clear framework in this regard.", "35. In conclusion, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia pledges once again its readiness to make a full contribution to the elaboration of the \"Agenda for Peace\", as well as to all the activities of the United Nations and other international organizations in accordance with the principles and goals of the Charter of the United Nations and the basic principles and norms of international law.", "II. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS", "ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH-EAST ASIAN NATIONS", "[Original: English]", "[26 July 1993]", "1. The United Nations is central to the maintenance of international security and order. The Secretary-General's proposals in his report \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) represent new thinking and an innovative approach towards strengthening this United Nations role, as spelt out in the Charter. It is a reflection of the changed global strategic conditions that the United Nations can now more effectively perform its preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peace-keeping and peace-building functions that play an essential part in conflict prevention and conflict resolution. However, new conflicts and problems have emerged at the regional and subregional levels, thereby resulting in increased demands on the United Nations.", "2. In the Asia-Pacific region, the shifts in the global strategic balance have already led to adjustments in the policies of the major Powers as well as in those of the regional countries. In view of the present uncertainties, ASEAN has endeavoured to establish with the major Asia-Pacific countries mechanisms for continuous regional security dialogues and consultations to anticipate and resolve problems before they reach the crisis or conflict level. In this regard, ASEAN and the major Powers can complement some of the regional conflict-prevention and conflict-resolution roles of the United Nations in the Asia‑Pacific. In South-East Asia, it was the efforts of the United Nations through the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) that led to the peaceful and successful outcome of the general elections in Cambodia in May 1993. ASEAN would like to see the United Nations continue with its regional role in preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peace-keeping and post-conflict peace-building. ASEAN also believes that the cause of international peace and stability will be strengthened by global economic dynamism and social development.", "Preventive diplomacy", "3. ASEAN endorses the Secretary-General's views on preventive diplomacy and, in particular, the proposals to develop the concept of preventive diplomacy through measures such as confidence-building, fact-finding and early warning. It is vital that potential conflicts be identified and limited before they erupt. ASEAN can play a role in regional preventive diplomacy in cooperation with the United Nations. The principle of preventive diplomacy and the peaceful settlement of disputes is enshrined in the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in South-East Asia.", "4. ASEAN supports in principle confidence-building measures identified by the Secretary-General. ASEAN itself can be seen as a successful exercise in regional confidence-building. It has initiated broad concepts of regional confidence-building such as the Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality and the South-East Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone. The ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea is another example of regional confidence-building. ASEAN has also supported the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms.", "5. ASEAN welcomes the adoption by consensus of General Assembly resolution 47/120 of 18 December 1992, which, inter alia, includes some important decisions on fact-finding. In endorsing the Declaration on Fact-finding by the United Nations in the Field of the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, as adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 46/59 on 9 December 1991, ASEAN notes that fact-finding missions undertaken by the Secretary-General, the Security Council or the Assembly would adhere to the guidelines adopted by the Assembly, in particular prior consent of the States involved. Article 99 of the Charter allows the Secretary-General to request the Security Council to consider and act on matters that may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security, and this can serve as an element of preventive diplomacy.", "6. ASEAN agrees with many of the Secretary-General's proposals on early warning, namely, efforts to establish an effective early-warning mechanism and that regional organizations have an important role to play in early warning.", "Peacemaking", "7. ASEAN supports the Secretary-General's proposal for a greater role for the Security Council in the peaceful settlement of disputes, as indicated in Chapter VI of the Charter. The Council should remain the primary organ for the maintenance of international peace and security and resolving issues that have led to conflict. The General Assembly as a universal body should be utilized as appropriate in pre-empting or containing situations that threatened international peace and security. This has been demonstrated in ASEAN's experience with the Cambodian issue. Special representatives of the Secretary-General could also be appointed for specific regions/countries in order to enhance the knowledge of the United Nations and give forewarning of potential trouble spots. ASEAN also believes that, in cases of conflict, peacemaking could be facilitated by international action to ameliorate these circumstances. A more effective International Court of Justice would be desirable.", "8. ASEAN is also of the view that, in drawing up sanctions regimes, the Security Council should take into account humanitarian considerations. In this regard, the Council should undertake a study on the effectiveness of various types of sanctions in achieving desired objectives.", "9. ASEAN in principle supports the Secretary-General's advocation of the use of military force as a transition to United Nations enforcement actions when peaceful measures fail. With a view to improving peace-keeping operations, the experience of how UNTAC has worked out, both on the ground and at United Nations Headquarters, together with the possibility of setting up a United Nations force for peace-enforcement, could be further studied. There should be flexibility in assembling the forces since there are countries with constitutional constraints and problems of public opinion. The main bulk of the peace-enforcement units could come from those countries which are willing to offer forces.", "Peace-keeping", "10. ASEAN generally supports the Secretary-General's proposals on peace‑keeping pertaining to financial and logistical issues. However, ASEAN believes that there is a need to make United Nations peace-keeping operations more cost‑effective. ASEAN also urges all countries to pay their assessed contributions in full and on time. Personnel offered for peace-keeping activities must be highly competent, experienced and well-trained to cope with the increasingly challenging task of implementing and enforcing United Nations mandates. Training of personnel for peace-keeping operations should be based on agreed United Nations standards and concepts of operations.", "Peace-building", "11. ASEAN shares in the Secretary-General's belief that peace-building should be viewed as a counterpart to preventive diplomacy. Peace-building, especially in post-conflict situations, should address not only political problems of institutional and infrastructure development but also non-military threats to security such as the economic and social causes of instability.", "Financing", "12. ASEAN recognizes that a solid and stable financial foundation constitutes a vital precondition for the effective and efficient implementation of all United Nations programmes and activities. This is particularly true today when the Organization is confronted with increasing demands and challenges in particular in the area of peace-keeping operations. Currently, the United Nations is administering 14 peace-keeping operations in various regions of the world. This unprecedented increase in the number of peace-keeping operations undertaken by the United Nations since its inception is certainly stretching its scarce resources as the receipt of contributions has not kept pace with the cash requirements of each operation. This deplorable financial situation of the United Nations still remains and is simply due to the fact that a number of Member States fail to meet their statutory obligations under the Charter, which require them to pay their assessed contributions on time, both to the regular budget and to the peace-keeping operations. ASEAN therefore urges all the Member States to pay their assessed contributions in full and on time.", "Conclusion", "13. ASEAN welcomes and commends many of the proposals of the Secretary-General in his report \"An Agenda for Peace\". The Asia-Pacific region in the 1990s is in a healthy state, its countries are at peace both internally and with each other. Major international changes that have occurred after the end of the cold war have generated some uncertainties but also provided an historic opportunity for international cooperation to strengthen the prospects for global peace and prosperity. The world community has an obligation to act in order to save future generations from the scourge of war. The Secretary-General's proposals as contained in \"An Agenda for Peace\" are important steps towards international peace and stability. In enhancing the effectiveness of the United Nations in the maintenance of international peace and security, one cannot ignore the urgent need for a comprehensive and integrated approach towards peace, development and democracy. The time has come for the United Nations to move beyond recognizing that peace and prosperity are interrelated, and to adopt concrete measures and programmes of action.", "COMMONWEALTH SECRETARIAT", "[For the full text, see document S/25996/Add.2.]", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/403/Add.1", "S/26450/Add.1", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/ARABE/", "FRENCH/RUSSIAN", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS. GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 87", "STUDY OF THE ALL QUESTION", "OF PEACE-KEEPING OPERATIONS", "IN ALL THEIR ASPECTS", "Strengthening the capacity of the United Nations", "in the field of peacekeeping", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "TABLE OF CONTENTS", "Page", "I. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES[1] 3", "Australia 3", "Russian Federation 3", "France 9", "Namibia 15", "Qatar 17", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 17", "Sweden 26", "TABLE OF CONTENTS", "Page", "Thailand 28", "Yugoslavia 29", "II.REPLIES OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 38", "Association of Southeast Asian Nations 28", "Commonwealth Secretariat 41", "I. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES", "AUSTRALIA", "[Original: English]", "[6 August 1993]", "1.The \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) stressed that the nature of peacekeeping operations had changed rapidly in recent years.Mandates have become more complex;The size and composition of peacekeeping forces and the number of operations conducted simultaneously are not in keeping with the experience of the Organization's first 40 years of existence.", "2.Such expansion of peacekeeping operations and the diversification of the tasks of peacekeeping officials have often not been the result of debate or explicit consensus on the role of the United Nations and other agencies, or on the political and practical limitations of peacekeeping.", "3.Peacekeeping demands are beyond the current United Nations planning and logistics capacity and require new financial and human resources from Member States.It is recognized that the United Nations is too much sought after, while its organization, resources and procedures do not allow it to meet all requests.", "4.For that reason, advance agreement should be made on the conditions for the deployment of peacekeeping operations and the reasonable limits of United Nations intervention should be defined more precisely.", "5.The Australian Government is currently considering how best to articulate these conditions.At the same time, it fully supported efforts to improve the effectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping operations.The Committee welcomes recent reforms aimed at strengthening the Secretariat ' s capacity in planning, logistics, command and control of peacekeeping operations.Australia will continue to play an active role in the consideration and formulation of proposals by Member States, in consultation with the Secretary-General, on practical measures to improve the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations.", "RUSSIAN FEDERATION", "[14 September 1993]", "[Original: Russian]", "1.The profound changes that have taken place in the world in recent years have also changed the nature of the challenges to international peace and security.The main threat is no longer the possibility of a nuclear conflict between the major powers, but the explosion of regional crises of a national, ethnic or religious nature.", "2.The international community's security priorities are changing simultaneously.Most States now focus on peacekeeping activities;It has therefore become necessary to strengthen the capacity of the United Nations in the area of peacemaking.", "3.The Russian Federation notes with satisfaction that in recent years, despite the many difficulties it has encountered in its path, the United Nations has made considerable progress, adapting its peacemaking activities to changing situations.It is not necessary to mention here the main facts and trends that are well known.", "4.At the same time, new problems have arisen.While increasingly relying on the peace efforts of the United Nations, States often show reluctance to support these hopes with concrete contributions and to commit the necessary material, technical, financial and human resources.They even sometimes go so far as to express their impatience and criticism when United Nations peacekeeping activities are blocking or not immediately yielding significant results.The global security and the very future of the Organization will depend to a large extent on the extent to which the United Nations can adapt, in a flexible and effective manner, to the realities of a new world.", "5.The Secretary-General ' s report entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) had brought about significant progress in the concept of peacemaking.The comprehensive review of the document by the Security Council has demonstrated the urgency of implementing the provisions contained therein and of defining the common priorities of the Member States of the United Nations.", "6.The General Assembly has also begun a substantive debate focused on the Agenda for Peace, the results of which are expected with interest.", "7.In this context, Russia fully supports the Security Council's recommendation that all States consider participating in and supporting international peacekeeping operations in the context of their external and national security policies.This fundamental principle is reflected in the regulatory documents and instruments currently being developed by Russia in the field of foreign policy.", "8.The provisions contained in the statement of the President of the Security Council of 28 May 1993 (S/25859) are intended to help clarify and develop the policy and operational principles governing the conduct of United Nations peacekeeping operations.The document prepared by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Cooperation in Peacekeeping, prepared by the North Atlantic Cooperation Council, also provided a useful contribution to the establishment of the peacekeeping base.In Russia's view, the provisions contained in this document could be taken into account in the preparation of a report by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "9.The effectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping operations could be greatly improved by making more active and widespread use of the resources offered by preventive diplomacy.Among the new aspects of this activity, Russia welcomes the first preventive deployment of a UN contingent in Macedonia, as an important step in the search for new approaches in the field of conflict prevention.The development of the concept of \"safe zones\" could also be of interest.", "10.The Russian Federation stands ready to provide the Secretary-General with essential information, including confidential information, to ensure the effectiveness of preventive diplomacy and peacekeeping activities as a whole.", "11.The Russian Federation supports the idea that the Security Council should make full use of its powers under the Charter in order to engage the parties to a conflict in the process of a negotiated political settlement.It welcomed the active and useful efforts of the Secretary-General over the past few months to exercise his prerogatives in the area of mediation and good offices, and considered that his close and regular consultations with the members of the Security Council were of great importance in the development of a common strategy.", "12.The Russian Federation considers it important to develop specific arrangements for the implementation of Article 50 of the Charter of the United Nations as soon as possible.In particular, it would be useful to strengthen the practice that the Security Council recommends that the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other multilateral financial institutions take due account of the difficulties caused by sanctions to \"third countries\" when these organizations allocate funds to them.", "13.The experience of recent United Nations peacekeeping operations, including in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia and Somalia, demonstrates the importance of effective coordination between planning, preparedness, logistical support and oversight of the conduct of United Nations peacekeeping operations.This implies a clear interface between national contingents, a good organization of the command system and the development of precise rules governing the conduct of operations and criteria for the use of force.Needless to say, peacekeeping operations with \"difficult\" mandates require a special approach, which is also applicable to the selection of United Nations peacekeeping contingents (with due regard to their experience and effectiveness in combat) and the usefulness of implementing measures, etc.", "14.It is essential that operations be launched in the context of clearly defined political settlement objectives and not only as a response by the international community to situations where it feels compelled to \"do something\".", "15.A sound financial base was a vital element of the success of peacekeeping activities.The current crisis in this area is mainly due to the lack of political will on the part of States to promote international stability through United Nations peacekeeping activities, as evidenced in particular by the fact (cited in the Volcker-Ogata report, A/48/460, annex) that on average per 1,000 dollars spent by States on defence, only $1.50 is allocated to United Nations peacekeeping efforts.", "16.Efforts should be made to develop arrangements to ensure more rigorous monitoring of the planning and rational use of the material and technical human resources of United Nations operations.The role of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions could be strengthened at all stages of the preparation and implementation of the United Nations operating budgets.", "17.The issue of financial support at the initial stage of an emergency deployment operation should also be addressed.Russia stands ready to support the Secretary-General's proposal to develop procedures to accelerate the allocation of resources for a new operation, once established by the Security Council.", "18.The Russian Federation still had doubts about the creation of a single budget for all operations, as that would not solve the essential problem of expenditure control and the strengthening of operational efficiency, nor would it improve the cash flow situation.", "19.The Russian Federation believes that it is high time to consider diversifying the sources of funding for peacekeeping operations by strengthening the material responsibility of host and other States with a direct interest in the end of the conflict.It might be useful to obtain resources from regional organizations, voluntary contributions, including non-governmental sources, and in some cases, to make use of in-kind contributions.", "20.It was time to take specific steps to review the scale of assessments for United Nations operations.", "21.In view of the Organization's current tasks, it would be particularly appropriate to consider ways and means of improving the United Nations peacemaking mechanism as indicated below:", "(a)The planning, preparedness and management structures of United Nations operations will need to be strengthened and new mechanisms may be put in place.Under the Charter of the United Nations, the Staff Committee is responsible for the strategic command of the armed forces available to the Security Council.Its revitalization would deserve serious consideration.If this body could focus on specific actions and involve representatives of the major troop-contributing countries (for example, in accordance with Article 47 of the Charter) in its work, it could then, under the leadership of the Security Council, assume overall command of operations, develop specific proposals on cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in a given area, etc.The division of labour among the various units of the Secretariat needs to be more clearly defined.Russia believes that the central position of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations needs to be strengthened and that qualified specialists in many areas should be included in its core staff, which could be involved in various ways in the initiation of urgent operations;", "(b)The command and control of field operations should be seriously examined.Effective leadership by the United Nations Force Commander, close coordination of the activities of the troops of various countries and their fulfilment of the mandate of the Security Council are of paramount importance.To this end, it is essential to clearly define relations and cooperation within the command of operations (including their military and civilian components) and to establish a single operational centre that would function effectively 24 hours a day;", "(c)Russia supports the ideas underlying the concept of the United Nations \"reserve forces\" proposed by the Secretary-General.The Supreme Council is currently considering a draft law on Russia's participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations.After its adoption, Russia is considering negotiations to conclude an agreement with the United Nations on the provision of military, civilian and auxiliary personnel ready to intervene at any time, and material and technical resources and services for ongoing or planned peacekeeping operations.Russia has already provided information to the United Nations on some of its resources (two health divisions);", "(d)It is essential to be able to launch operations as soon as possible when fragile agreements in \"hot spots\" can and should be reinforced by a United Nations presence, starting with the dispatch of observers.The time between the adoption of a decision by the Security Council and the actual start of operations should be considerably reduced;", "(e)In deciding to launch an operation, including a large-scale operation, the Security Council must examine not only its political opportunity, its cost and the risks to staff but also the problem of the \"deletion\" of the operation.There should be no unlimited intervention.However, this principle should not be made into a dogma.In exceptional cases, in the absence of a viable political settlement, the UN Member States should decide to extend the operation because \"it is better to have a bad peace than a good war\".The practice of including in Security Council decisions provisions linking the presence of United Nations personnel in conflict zones to progress towards a political settlement should be applied more widely;", "(f)There is an urgent need to improve procedures for the recruitment and training of staff, including civilian personnel.The criteria for the recruitment of civilian personnel should be clarified, and recommendations for the training of civilian personnel for participation in United Nations operations should be standardized.It would be useful to create national \"reserve quotas\" made up of voluntary civilian specialists.Russia believes that it is desirable that the United Nations Secretariat prepare a list of the qualifications required of candidates and the conditions they must meet, which it would transmit to the potential donor countries.", "22.The issue of staff safety has recently become of particular importance.Russia is advocating the adoption of the most determined measures, including those to prosecute individuals and organizations guilty of attacks and other acts of violence against the \"blue berets\".The mandatory conclusion of agreements with host countries on the status of United Nations forces is a partial solution to the problem and does not answer all questions.However, the implementation of strong measures to defend United Nations troops should not turn into punitive military operations or lead to the involvement of the United Nations in internal conflicts.", "23.The right of the United Nations to prosecute those who use force against United Nations personnel must be legally binding.The forthcoming debate of the International Court of Justice on the former Yugoslavia could set a precedent in this regard.", "24.Post-conflict peacebuilding is an integral part of peacekeeping operations;Without this, countries emerging from the \"active\" phase of conflict could not be rebuilt.Russia would particularly like to see the experience and capabilities of the UN and other international bodies in this area in the area of peacebuilding in the republics of the former Soviet Union be studied.", "25.The Russian Federation considered the proposals to decentralize responsibility for peacekeeping and peacemaking useful and supported the idea of strengthening the role of regional organizations in that area, in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter.Progress in that direction should be gradual, and a prerequisite would be that the Security Council assume primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.", "26.The Russian Federation welcomes the conclusion of a framework agreement on cooperation and coordination between the United Nations and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), and takes note of the efforts of the CSCE, the European Community, NATO and the Western European Union to resolve the conflict in the territory of the former Yugoslavia, on the basis of decisions of the Security Council and under its political leadership.", "27.The question of restoring peace in the territory of the former Soviet Union is of paramount importance to the Russian Federation.The collective mechanisms of the Commonwealth of Independent States in this area, as well as regional agreements on conflict resolution in certain regions of the former USSR, are now being more actively implemented and cooperation between these mechanisms and the UN and CSCE is being strengthened.As a party to these mechanisms and agreements, the Russian Federation appreciates the concrete contribution of the United Nations to the resolution of these conflicts and stands ready to strengthen its cooperation with the Organization.", "FRANCE", "[Original: French]", "[28 July 1993]", "1.France welcomed the report of the Secretary-General dated 15 June 1993 (S/25944) on the implementation of the recommendations contained in the \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111).She welcomed the measures already taken.", "2.In accordance with the Secretary-General's wishes, the Government of France intends to contribute to the ongoing reflection and to communicate the following considerations.", "I. BEST PREPARATION OF OPERATIONS", "OF PEACE-KEEPING", "Strengthening the Secretariat", "3.France welcomed the significant increase in the human and infrastructure capacity of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.This effort must continue within both the civilian and military divisions of this department.This rise in power, an imperative recognized by all, is a necessity to respond to the continued increase in peacekeeping operations, which require constant political and military follow-up.", "4.At the same time, the French Government fully endorses the Secretary-General's approach to dispatch fact-finding missions to the areas where the International Organization is called upon, or is likely to be called upon, to intervene.As the Secretary-General points out in his report of 15 June 1993, the mass of information gathered by those missions, or provided by member countries, must be effectively addressed.For that reason, it also seemed essential to continue to strengthen the capacity of the Secretariat, particularly the military division and the situation room of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "More military planning", "5.The military planning function is now as crucial as the political follow-up of the various conflicts under way.The United Nations is required to deploy peacekeeping missions that unite States of a diverse military tradition.It must have a monitoring and, ultimately, planning structure that is more effective in predicting crisis situations, responding quickly and facilitating initial planning of operations in response to the very specific constraints of the United Nations.", "6.Efforts must be directed in three directions:", "(a)Even before Member States announce their contributions, an initial operational concept based on a more detailed military audit and, ultimately, a planning outline, in consultation with the relevant Special Representative of the Secretary-General, will have to be developed.This will improve the quality and seriousness of the military implementation plan of the mandate, traditionally described in the Secretary-General's report, which outlines the framework for each mission's work.Therefore, a new structure attached to the Secretariat, composed of officers with solid planning experience, should be gradually established.It should maintain a size consistent with the expected flexibility of such a structure;", "(b)As a matter of principle, this structure should be strengthened as soon as possible by representatives of contributing States responsible for preparing the operational planning itself, in liaison with the staff to be deployed in the field;", "(c)In addition, generic planning cells already exist in several multilateral political-military organisations, notably NATO and the Western European Union.Contacts and exchanges of views between the United Nations and those organizations, with recognized experience and expertise, are necessary and should be developed, particularly for the areas of operation covered by those organizations and should they be called upon to intervene directly at the request of the United Nations.Such exchanges should create an indispensable complement on the day when experts and soldiers from these organizations will be brought to work side by side with the United Nations on the ground.", "Further efforts towards contributing countries", "7.The main troop contributors have regularly expressed their desire to be informed during the mission's work of the operational directions and decisions that are being taken.The Government of France understands these requests and considers it useful that an informal follow-up committee, composed of diplomatic and military representatives from the countries participating in the mission, be kept very regularly informed, and where appropriate consulted, by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations on the decisions taken or envisaged.In summary, while it is necessary to increase the Secretariat's capacity for analysis, planning and monitoring, it is logical that, at the same time, contributing States should be collectively better informed about the smooth operation of the mission.", "Better logistics", "8.The United Nations is increasingly called upon by the international community to respond very quickly to situations of crisis or humanitarian emergency.This increased responsibility implies that the Organization's response times are becoming shorter and shorter.This imperative requires that the Organization be provided with the equipment necessary for the rapid establishment of a mission at all times.That is why it is necessary to strengthen the logistical potential of the United Nations.", "9.Storage of weapons and ammunition equipment requires expensive maintenance and requires qualified personnel familiar with the equipment it handles.For these reasons, it is preferable that weapons equipment should generally remain under the exclusive responsibility of Member States.", "10.Recent experience, however, shows that some needs are constant across missions.Peacekeeping involves the use of very specific categories of equipment that are not routinely included in the regular staffing of troops serving under blue helmets and which are likely to be used in a wide variety of operational theatres.This is the case with non-military equipment (prefabricated, radios, telephones, vehicles, etc.) but also with certain military equipment (military communications, armoured front vehicles, drones, etc.).The Secretariat must be able to provide civilian and military personnel with such equipment as is essential for the fulfilment of their mandate upon deployment.It should therefore be considered that the Secretariat should develop a small central stock of equipment specifically adapted to peacekeeping.", "II.A BEST WORK OF THE KEY MISSIONS", "AND PEACE ON THE TERRAIN", "Military contributions by Member States", "11.In response to the growing need for United Nations intervention, a profound reform of the system of mobilization of peacekeepers was needed.While it is clear that the Organization today does not have the means to maintain permanent forces, it is essential that Member States prepare forces that can be mobilized quickly.These should be made up of pre-identified units (\"early marked\") to compose a set of force modules, trained in the context of peacekeeping tasks and equipped with compatible equipment.These units (force modules) would be made available to the United Nations and available at any time.", "12.In the face of the increase in peacekeeping operations, the current limitations on the capacity of the major contributing countries are being met.States are now more likely than in the past to become involved first according to their own national interests.Conversely, there are also instances where contributing countries show a lack of willingness to intervene in the context of what is now agreed to be called the \"moral obligation\" of members of the international community.", "13.The force cluster mechanism should substantially correct current trends, revert to the principle of neutrality of the Organization and facilitate, through prior consultation, the Secretary-General's assessment of the Organization's actual capacity to respond.It should also allow for a higher number of Member States to be involved in peacekeeping missions.It would be desirable for each Member State to feel concerned by this approach and to identify, in accordance with its own capabilities, the nature of the units it was able to make available to the Organization.Ultimately, each Member State should participate in this process.", "Better interoperability of quotas", "14.The logistical organization of these force modules implies that all contingents required to be operational within a very short time frame have a common knowledge base and methods.It therefore appears necessary to design training for all the units concerned.This training, which is in addition to the military training specific to each army, must be provided first in the national military schools.But the United Nations must gradually coordinate, first at the senior officer level, and then gradually descending into the hierarchy, specific courses that allow for the exchange of concepts and methods.These courses are to be organized by rotation by the major contributors under United Nations control.In addition, joint (staff) exercises should be gradually developed by the United Nations to test the interoperability of contingents in realistic conditions and to highlight ways to improve it in practice.", "Improved capacity for political analysis and monitoring of missions", "15.The mandate of recent missions includes an increasingly broad political dimension.They are now regularly asked to control the existing administrations, to train new police forces, to melt different factions formerly rivals into a new army, to supervise the honesty of election campaigns, etc.Those tasks fully met the concern expressed by all that peacekeeping missions should also address the political origins of conflict in order to ensure lasting peace-building.", "16.This new responsibility requires that the mission entrusted with it be constantly \"listening\" to the evolution of the political positions of all parties to the conflict.This concern to know the best of the local political terrain is all the more necessary because peacekeeping missions frequently staffed in tens of thousands of troops are not immune from the emergence of a sense of rejection on the part of a population, sometimes manipulated by a minority opposed to the current mission.Any mission says it is able to anticipate the problems it may encounter and to make the people concerned understand the merits of the decisions it makes.", "17.It would therefore be desirable for each mission to have a political analysis unit, which is directly attached to the Office of the Special Representative.The role of the unit, composed of international experts and experts from the region, would be to monitor and analyse closely the political environment and feelings of the parties involved in order to inform the Special Representative of emerging trends in the political and population sectors.The political analyses of the cell should also be forwarded to the Secretariat for its information.", "III.A BEST POLITICAL CONTROL", "18.France strongly supported a strengthening of political control over peacekeeping operations.", "19.The various stages of their development should be followed more closely.", "20.The preparation of the operation must be in line with the logic proposed by the Secretary-General in the \"An Agenda for Peace\".", "21.The dispatch of fact-finding missions, in which representatives of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations would be involved, in addition to fully meeting the common desire for the development of preventive diplomacy, would prepare for the deployment of troops, including needs, gathering information and costing the estimated costs of the operation.The reports of these missions should be transmitted as soon as possible to the Member States, so that they can take the necessary steps to ensure their possible participation in the process at an early stage.", "22.The practice of appointing a special representative of the Secretary-General for each operation should be widespread.This designation shall be made after consultation with the parties to the conflict and the Security Council.The role of special representation is to coordinate the actions of the various components of the operation (civil, military, humanitarian, etc.), to ensure political and non-operational control over military matters, and to report regularly on its mission to the Secretary-General and the Security Council.", "23.The establishment of the operation depends first and foremost on the Security Council's definition of a clear mandate.In this regard, France would like the \"founder\" resolutions of the peacekeeping forces to be as precise as possible on two points:", "(a)The definition of final political objectives must be explicitly included in the mandate of the force.In the interests of realism, these could be limited, and not necessarily aimed at a comprehensive resolution of the crisis;", "(b)The definition of milestone objectives must also be included in this mandate.A timetable and timetable for evaluation should be available for the Secretary-General's report to the Security Council at the time of the initiation of each operation.These intermediate objectives could include: disarmament (partial or total) of the belligerents, the establishment and observance of a ceasefire, and the dispatch of good offices to the country.", "24.The management and monitoring of the operation could be improved:", "(a)By developing the still too limited capacity of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations operational monitoring room.The Convention should be open not only to members of the Department, but also to military representatives of contributing States and even to members of the Staff Committee established by Article 47 of the Charter;", "(b)Using the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to report regularly (monthly) on the overall mission, the progress of operations, the problems encountered in the implementation of the mandate and the timeliness of the pre-set timetable.The work of the political analysis unit of the mission must be brought to the attention of the Security Council, as well as any other elements (private audits...) that may inform it;", "(c)By systematically sending and reporting to the Security Council on inspection missions, and by checking the adequacy of the mandate, the means of force and the rules of engagement, and the consistency of their interpretation.", "25.The association of regional organizations and security compacts with peacekeeping operations should be encouraged, subject to certain conditions:", "(a)The Special Representative of the Secretary-General remains responsible for the operation.Representatives of regional organizations and security pacts shall act under his political authority;", "(b)The designation of a joint representative of the United Nations and a regional organization may also be encouraged;", "(c)Representatives of the member states of these pacts and organisations, when they contribute to the operation, must also be able to access the Secretariat's operational monitoring room.", "IV.A BEST FINANCIAL CONTROL", "Confirmed principles", "26.The question of the financing of peacekeeping operations should be closely monitored and the French Government:", "(a)Reiterates its commitment to the current system of operational budgets, which ensures good financial transparency for each of them, and allows individual monitoring and monitoring by Member States;", "(b)The only way to ensure independence and provide stable resources is through mandatory contributions.Voluntary contributions should be accepted only when they are received from the States benefiting from the operations and when the latter have the financial capacity to do so;", "(c)Encourages that the launch of each operation be preceded by a detailed cost assessment and that a financial report be provided to Member States before any decision is taken to the Security Council;", "(d)Support any proposal to expand audits of ongoing operations, or more generally, to allow for more regular monitoring of expenditures and more comprehensive information to be provided to the bodies with knowledge of the audit (Security Council and Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions).", "An informal think tank", "27.The difficult, complex and long-term missions that the United Nations has recently established around the world have highlighted some of the challenges facing contributing countries.Countries with special responsibility for the importance of their participation in peacekeeping missions should work closely together to address these crucial issues informally.In our view, this think tank should focus on two subjects of unanimous importance, which are dictated by current events:", "(a)The financing of peacekeeping missions for which the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex) provides a basis for further development with a view to their rapid implementation;", "(b)The safety of staff on mission and the nature of sanctions that can be imposed against those responsible for attacks against United Nations personnel.", "28.The focus group, which should remain informal and flexible, could share the results of its deliberations with the Secretariat, the Security Council and the General Assembly.", "NAMIBIA", "[Original: English]", "[3 August 1993]", "1.The policy of the Government of the Republic of Namibia with regard to international peacekeeping operations has naturally been influenced by the country's recent history.The successful operation of the United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) in 1989-1990, which was the prelude to Namibia's independence, was warmly supported by the entire Namibian population, which saw peace and security restored.The UNGIPT had become synonymous with freedom.", "2.The Government of the Republic of Namibia has made peace and stability the foundation of its domestic and foreign policies.Thanks to its policy of national reconciliation, peace and stability have developed and been rooted in Namibia, especially as they are enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic.", "3.The policy of international peacekeeping is therefore one of the pillars of the foreign policy of the Namibian Government.Namibia will play its role in peacekeeping and peacebuilding to the extent of its capacity and human and material resources.", "4.In this context, the Government of the Republic of Namibia will support measures that can help build confidence in the region and put an end to mistrust and suspicion.The Regional Meeting on Security and Confidence-building Measures in Southern Africa, held in Windhoek from 24 to 26 February 1993, provided an opportunity for regional leaders and officials dealing with national security issues to discuss issues of relevance to the region.It has also helped, more importantly, to dispel mutual mistrust and misunderstanding.The Government will encourage and support such meetings in the future, as will the follow-up to the Windhoek meeting.", "5.Under this policy, the Government of the Republic of Namibia has spared no effort to find a solution to the crisis in Angola.At both regional and international level, its ministers have constantly sought ways to resolve this crisis.The Government of the Republic of Namibia is thus pursuing an active policy of preventive diplomacy and peaceful settlement of disputes, in accordance with its Constitution.", "6.In the context of the peacekeeping operation in Cambodia, under the auspices of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), Namibia dispatched a contingent of Wolf-type reinforced vehicles to participate in the operation.Based on the experience gained by this specialized contingent, Namibia is prepared, if requested, to give serious consideration to participating in future peacekeeping operations, subject to financial availability, by providing a similar contingent.", "7.Namibia wishes to emphasize the importance of providing countries that do not have the necessary training capacity with the necessary assistance to bring their forces to the level that enables them to participate effectively in international peacekeeping operations.This is particularly true for a young developing country like Namibia.Wolf-type reinforced vehicles require maintenance.During the Cambodia operation, the United Nations request arrived at the last minute.This is how only vehicles in running condition could have been sent, with some failures that could have been corrected.", "8.The Government of the Republic of Namibia considers that the financing of peacekeeping operations is the collective responsibility of all Member States, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations.The Government of Namibia has consistently paid its assessed contributions in full and on a regular basis.However, it should be noted that the financing of increasingly large peacekeeping operations would become too burdensome for developing countries, such as Namibia.The Government of Namibia therefore emphasizes that the reclassification of Namibia from level D to level C, as proposed by the Secretary-General in his report (A/47/484), will double its contribution to peacekeeping operations.The proposal to reserve the last category (D) for the least developed countries would increase the burden on developing countries, such as Namibia.", "9.The recommendation of the Ogata-Volcker report (A/48/460, annex, p. 21) to establish a revolving fund of $400 million will better address the start-up costs of peacekeeping operations that currently have only $150 million.This recommendation deserves consideration.", "QATAR", "[Original: Arabic]", "[2 August 1993]", "1.The Government of Qatar stresses the importance of the peace enforcement mechanism, in accordance with the relevant articles of the Charter.He agreed with the Secretary-General on the importance of preventive diplomacy in order to avoid the outbreak of armed conflicts that posed a threat to international peace and security.", "2.His Government also supported the Secretary-General's proposals contained in paragraphs 34 to 44 of his report \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111), in particular the use of peace enforcement units in well-defined circumstances.These forces should be better armed than the peacekeeping forces, while being available on a permanent basis for the purposes of the missions provided for in Article 42 of the Charter.", "3.The Government of Qatar considers that the proposals made by the Secretary-General in the above-mentioned report on the financing of peacekeeping and peace-keeping operations deserve consideration and adoption.", "UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND", "[Original: English]", "[20 July 1993]", "1.Following the statement by the Security Council of 28 May 1993 (S/25859) on the implementation of the \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111), the Secretary-General of the United Nations requested Member States to indicate the aspects of United Nations peacekeeping operations that deserved strengthening and to provide him with their views on the concrete measures to be taken.", "General considerations", "2.Before deciding to undertake a peacekeeping operation, the Security Council and the United Nations Secretariat must carefully analyse the situation on the ground.These operations need clear and realistic objectives, which are part of an ongoing political process that can provide a solution, a specific mandate must be assigned to them, the parties must agree to it, and it must be ensured that the necessary resources will be obtained.The United Nations and the Security Council must also be sure that the regional organizations or Member States concerned are willing to hand over to the United Nations when the measures they had taken have not produced results and decide whether the United Nations should intervene.Finally, the United Nations must critically judge the mandates being implemented to see how they could be carried out more quickly to the end.", "3.The Government of the United Kingdom commends the Secretary-General for his considerable efforts so far to strengthen and improve the capacity of the United Nations to plan and conduct peacekeeping operations.Useful initiatives have been taken, including strengthening the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, establishing a 24-hour operational room and initiating a contingency force planning project.The United Kingdom supported the proposals to integrate the Field Operations Division into the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "Command, direction and planning", "4.There is a need for clearer definition of command and leadership functions.It is essential to have a single command at the highest levels.Such a unit could only be achieved if only one department at United Nations Headquarters was responsible for all aspects of a peacekeeping operation.", "5.The command function itself (i.e., the power to assign elements of a force to tasks and to reallocate them as required) must be left to the Force Commander.The role of United Nations Headquarters should be to provide guidance to commanders and to ensure the necessary liaison between political and military leaders.The strategy is being developed, not the detailed planning of operations, and its capabilities in this regard need to be developed.", "6.The ability to respond flexibly to changing situations to meet peacekeeping requirements is the result of three factors: capacity, competence and experience.We must also save money, not only to reduce spending, but also to be able to do something about it, if necessary, and finally we must be able to manage the limited resources available.The United Kingdom advocates the creation of an expanded planning and operations unit, a kind of general secretariat for peacekeeping, to ensure the optimal application of these four principles.These men and women, civilian and military, some of whom could be seconded by Member States, would be governed by agreed professional rules and would be the essential link in the United Nations strategic planning process, mainly at Headquarters in New York, but also in the field.They would add to the planning and operations unit that already exists in the embryonic state and would provide it with the capacity, competence and experience it needs to be effective.They would work according to agreed standards and would be assigned well-defined tasks.Their functions are described in more detail in the annex.", "7.Planning and operations personnel would be the \"nerve system\" of the United Nations, which is currently not provided for in the structure or budget of the Organization.He would not have a command function, but would be responsible for implementing a plan of operations until the appointment of the Force Commander and his staff.It is important that the Force Commander be involved in planning from the outset.Planning and operations personnel could also be assigned to operations as senior officers of the United Nations commanders' staff.However, there will be a need to maintain a balance between field needs and needs at Headquarters in New York and not to puncture the core core of experts to the point of making it ineffective.In developing an operational plan, due consideration should be given to cost to avoid spending more than is necessary to be effective.", "8.There is also a need to find a way to recruit staff who are used to working together to form the core of a staff when a new mission is undertaken.States could be asked to designate individuals to be employed by the United Nations to replace peacekeeping personnel at Headquarters who might in turn be assigned to a new mission.It would be desirable for trades personnel forming the core of a headquarters staff to be composed mainly of nationals of interested States or of the major countries.It could sometimes be provided by a regional organization.Ideally, staff would have been introduced to United Nations procedures at Headquarters and used to working in a multinational environment.The combination of these staff and the planning and operations department, which would provide continuity and know-how, would help to remove the disadvantages of bringing a multinational staff together at the mission site.", "Communication and information", "9.The United Nations must provide commanders of forces with serious political analysis based on accurate and up-to-date information on the situation on the ground.The best way to collect this information is to contact experts, who often use specialized equipment.The United Nations cannot afford to build up internal military information capacity.It must therefore make greater use of the capacities already possessed by nations or multinational organizations.Force commanders must also be able to acquire the capability to analyse military information.", "10.The United Nations must establish a system-wide communications system to make strategic communications more cost-effective and better.A working group on communications could explore ways to enable all United Nations elements (including agencies) involved in operations to communicate effectively with each other.The adoption of common standards and compatibility are imperative.", "11.Perhaps the United Nations should consider the need to coordinate the provision of the necessary maps for operations and consider appointing a cartographer among military personnel.", "Mine clearance", "12.The United Kingdom welcomes the appointment of a mine-clearance adviser to the Secretariat.Coordination among all interested agencies is crucial.", "Uniform doctrine and logistical procedures for peacekeeping operations", "13.The fact that peacekeeping troops are provided by many Member States is one of the largest forces of the United Nations, as it is proof that these missions meet the concerns of the international community as a whole, and are not intended to serve only national or regional interests.But this political asset can be a source of military difficulties, as contingents of different nationalities, technical levels and different logistical procedures try to work together, often for the first time.", "14.Based on its experience in a multinational alliance, the United Kingdom is convinced that by publishing its tactical doctrine, from which uniform logistical procedures could be developed, the United Nations would secure forces.The United Nations could draw on existing uniform procedures, such as those developed by NATO for multinational activities.", "15.Secondly, after being adapted to current operations, uniform doctrine and procedures could be disseminated more widely among Member States.The troop-contributing nations should be well aware of these procedures and know how to implement them before sending troops to the field.", "Training", "16.Training must remain the responsibility of States, but must respect the standards established by the United Nations for personnel and units.Consideration should be given to building a knowledge base, which military schools around the world could use to train their officers in key positions.Experienced States should be willing to send specialists to work with military schools in other countries and help them establish their own training programmes.", "17.The United Nations could also explore the idea of sending accelerated training teams to less experienced countries.Such training, which could be organized at the regional level, would be particularly useful for the contingents for the area of duty.", "18.There may be a more limited training opportunity for the United Nations to prepare staff for key positions at headquarters in the field.Most training could be done by distance learning, possibly with the help of national or regional military schools.", "Political-military dialogue - cooperation with other bodies", "19.It was important to develop understanding between military and civilian personnel, both in peacekeeping operations and with humanitarian and other relevant organizations.", "Military observers and civilian observers of the United Nations", "20.The Organization lacks military observers.It might also consider the establishment of a United Nations civilian observer corps, composed of diplomatic and former military personnel willing to serve the United Nations, which would operate on the model of military observers and provide the United Nations with an additional analytical capacity, which would strengthen the work of civilian advisers.Joint United Nations military observer/civilian observer teams may be appropriate, whose combined roles would facilitate local liaison and peace-building activities and which, in accordance with the same doctrine, would support the work of the Force Commander.", "Logistics", "21.The United Kingdom recognizes the need to improve the logistical capacity of the United Nations.He called for the adoption of uniform procedures for all aspects of logistical support, including funding, to begin.It welcomes the work undertaken by the United Nations at the initiative of Canada to develop uniform logistical procedures, to which it fully subscribes.It was to be hoped that the results would be applicable to all peacekeeping operations.", "22.The development and application of logistics doctrine and uniform procedures will need to be complemented by training of contingents.A Member State with the necessary technical expertise could take the initiative in developing a training programme.", "23.Civil companies can be considered by launching an international tender where conditions on the ground permit and there is a financial advantage.However, coordination of all logistical aspects, including those entrusted to civilians, would be essential.", "24.There is also a clear need to coordinate the movement of all assets, as well as the evacuation of victims from theatre and medical evacuations.", "25.Since international United Nations staff would not be able to do the job until the idea of a general secretariat for peacekeeping was developed, the United Nations could fill the gaps by recruiting more local staff for short periods of time: logistics, administrative, accounting, etc.", "Information", "26.The United Nations must adopt a more proactive approach to information on peacekeeping operations.It needs to involve more media professionals, given the immensity of the task of each operation.Staff at Headquarters and in missions must be trained to control the media, explain the reasons for an operation and analyse it as it unfolds.Information can no longer be made exclusively from New York.It is desirable that it circulate more systematically between the United Nations and troop-contributing countries.The United Nations could recruit local specialists (or even former journalists) to collaborate with missions.", "27.The mandate and objectives of the mission must be specified in advance to the host country.It is therefore important to inform the public as soon as a technical reconnaissance mission is sent to the site and to determine how best to present the mandate and the operation itself to the host country and interested parties.", "Field administration and funding", "28.In order to meet the massive needs of ongoing operations, the United Nations must establish a highly qualified corps of heads of administration, who, in accordance with the principle of unity of command, will report through the head of mission to the Department of Peacekeeping Operations in New York.States could help to train them to develop best practice, identity of views and spirit of body.Preparation for future operations could take place in the theatre of operations of some of the major missions currently under way.", "29.The procedures for recruiting civilian staff, especially for short periods, should be simplified.The provision of instructions to companies that regularly provide qualified staff to the United Nations and encourage them to organize their own training courses should be encouraged.", "30.The United Kingdom recognizes the value of delegating more financial authority to the heads of administration of any operation, provided that a regular inspection system is also provided to verify that resources are being used appropriately.Military audit procedures are all relevant for peacekeeping operations.", "Equipment, costs and financing", "31.The United Kingdom agrees that there may be an operational advantage to build up limited renewable stocks, possibly from resources not used in ongoing operations, in order to be able to respond immediately to deployment needs in the event of an emergency.However, the Committee is aware that storage, maintenance and rotation of equipment and losses due to obsolescence would also be a source of expenditure.The financial implications of this measure should therefore be carefully considered before any action is taken.", "32.Consideration should also be given to the use of inactive contracts between the United Nations and commercial enterprises or countries for the provision of common-use items.Costs should be negotiated in advance and inventory should be inspected.", "33.The United Nations should consider applying a standard lease arrangement for advanced military equipment to all troop-contributing countries, rather than a depreciation formula.", "34.It might be useful to consider the possibility of charging in kind part of their assessed contributions, up to a limited percentage, to States that have appropriate military equipment in good condition, subject to inspection and verification and prior agreement on the cost of each item and the conditions of maintenance.", "35.Before the adoption of a draft resolution, a statement of the financial implications as precise as possible should be submitted to Member States, preferably 48 hours in advance, for consideration before taking action on the draft resolution.", "36.The United Kingdom agrees with the principle that, upon the adoption of a resolution, the United Nations Secretariat should send assessment notices representing 20 per cent of the estimated expenditures to meet the immediate needs of the operation.This would require much earlier cost estimates.It might also be useful to discuss this in advance with, for example, the 15 Member States that make the highest contributions.Pending the replies of Member States, the Secretary-General should be authorized to finance the first expenditures from the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund.", "37.However, this is only a temporary solution.In the longer term, nothing can replace the full and timely payment of assessed contributions.There is no opportunity to urge Member States, especially chronic debtors, to show more punctuality in paying their contributions.", "38.Proposals to improve the effectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping operations that would automatically result in increased expenditures should be met from savings resulting from the reallocation of priorities within the regular budget of the United Nations or from the regular budget of peacekeeping operations, as appropriate.", "Reserve quotas", "39.The United Kingdom welcomes the start of the contingency planning project.In order for peacekeeping forces to be deployed quickly and equipped for the tasks entrusted to them, it is essential that the Secretary-General know exactly which troops Member States are willing to make available to him.The audit process is important.It would seem appropriate for some of the units reported to be updated and inspected annually.Or the UN could adopt NATO's practice (as in the Defence Planning Questionnaire) of sending teams to interview states on a regular basis.The United Kingdom supports the NATO contact project.", "40.The UK has a professional army that performs various missions around the world.The nature of these missions does not allow the United Kingdom to reserve troops for the exclusive service of the United Nations.It would not be possible to guarantee the availability of such information.Nevertheless, the United Kingdom is prepared to consider, on a case-by-case basis, any request that may be made in the future to provide troops for United Nations peacekeeping operations, taking into account the resources already committed elsewhere.", "41.The British Government will therefore cooperate fully with the contingency planning team, which is due to visit the United Kingdom shortly, explaining the command system and the structure of its operational capacity, on the understanding that any request for the dispatch of contingents should be considered on a case-by-case basis.", "42.The first troop-contributing countries will agree to commit to sending them early, provided that the United Nations undertakes to set a firm date for the completion of the mission.Perhaps it would be appropriate to consider that countries with well-trained, equipped and available contingents would send the first wave of peacekeeping forces, thus allowing other countries time to train and equip their troops in accordance with the required standards.", "43.The team could also consider logistical support, including strategic transport, that Member States could be able to make available to the United Nations.", "United Nations civilian police", "44.The United Nations civilian police play a key role in United Nations operations, but the contingents do not have the same training and practices.The United Nations could also consider planning reserve troops to review the availability, type and training of civilian police and determine what type of police force is most suitable for a mission.", "Role of regional organizations", "45.The United Kingdom advocates a greater role for regional organizations in peacemaking and, possibly, in peacekeeping.These organizations have a thorough knowledge of local conditions and can provide authoritative advice on the origins of the conflict.", "46.This could include improving and encouraging contacts with relevant regional organizations.", "47.The United Kingdom also believes that regional organizations could be used to contribute to training for peacekeeping operations and, possibly, to undertake multinational activities.", "48.He supported the idea of a division of labour giving regional organizations a greater role in their areas of competence, especially in the area of peacemaking, while at the same time recognizing the primacy of the United Nations in situations in which international peace and security were at stake.", "The President", "Planning and", "operations could include:", "(a)To provide advice to the Secretary-General on all aspects of United Nations peacekeeping operations;", "(b)Establish general contingency plans and maintain the reserve contingent database;", "(c)To make proposals on various aspects of the forces: needs, command, control and communications, logistics, rules of engagement, needs and training criteria;", "(d)Liaise with countries and regional and other organizations, especially in the areas referred to in subparagraphs (b) and (c) above;", "(e)Support the Special Representative's reconnaissance missions and provide military assessments;", "(f)To oversee the implementation of the Security Council policy for United Nations operations;", "(g)Provide 24-hour support to ongoing operations;", "(h)To report to the Security Council after the completion of the operation.", "SWEDEN [2]", "[Original: English]", "[20 August 1993]", "Ongoing activities", "1.The Nordic countries supported and supported the restructuring efforts of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to strengthen the capacity of the United Nations in that area.", "2.They particularly welcome the integration of elements of the Field Operations Division into the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, which, in their view, will strengthen and optimize the planning, management and administrative support of operations.", "3.They looked forward to the results of the study by the Reserve Troop Planning Team to improve and accelerate the procedures by which the Organization obtained personnel or formed units and equipment from Member States to undertake new or expand peacekeeping operations.", "4.They were prepared to work with the Secretariat, to the extent resources were available, to identify additional staff to be temporarily available to the United Nations for the development of specific peacekeeping tasks.", "5.The Nordic countries welcomed the establishment of a Situation Room for operations in Somalia and the former Yugoslavia and noted with satisfaction that the Secretary-General was considering a similar integrated facility for all peacekeeping operations worldwide.They now believe that it is essential to significantly strengthen the operational management, command and control capacity of the United Nations Secretariat.", "6.They also called for the establishment of a military planning cell within the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to radically and timely improve the Secretariat's effectiveness.", "7.In addition to the measures currently being taken, however, the Nordic countries propose that the following proposals be considered in the near future:", "Organization and effectiveness", "8.The training arrangements for peacekeeping personnel (military, civilian and police) should be reviewed and improved, drawing on the opportunities offered by Member States, regional organizations and mechanisms, non-governmental organizations and the Secretariat.In particular, consideration should be given to establishing a training programme for key peacekeeping personnel to build a pool of qualified personnel familiar with the United Nations system and its operational modalities.The Nordic countries are prepared to explore ways to intensify their cooperation with the United Nations and its Member States to that end.", "9.Key personnel in a peacekeeping operation should be involved in planning from the first phase;The basic idea is that, to the extent possible, those who carry out peacekeeping operations should also contribute to the preparation of the operation.To that end, the Secretariat should endeavour to sign, in consultation with Member States, the potential key personnel (forces commanders and heads of administration) of future peacekeeping operations as soon as possible.", "10.Member States should be provided, as appropriate, with details of the areas of responsibility of the various experts and advisers, as well as of the regular managers of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, to facilitate communication and cooperation among those concerned.", "Financing", "11.The Nordic countries were extremely concerned about the serious financial situation of United Nations peacekeeping operations.Action was needed, drawing on the useful proposals contained in the report of the Secretary-General (A/48/460, annex), to ensure adequate funding for peacekeeping operations, based on the principle of collective responsibility and full and timely payment of assessed contributions.In this regard, the Nordic countries stress the importance of prompt reimbursement of all amounts owed to troop-contributing countries.", "12.While welcoming the establishment of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, the Nordic countries felt that further consideration should be given to how to adequately fund the initial phase of peacekeeping operations.", "13.The Nordic countries advocate taking the necessary steps to delegate to the Force Commander or the Special Representative the financial and administrative power to establish a composite mission, which would be more efficient and cost-effective.To that end, the United Nations financial regulations and rules, as well as administrative procedures for peacekeeping operations, must be reviewed to enable missions to better adapt to new situations and specific requirements.At the same time, efforts should be made to effectively train field administrative staff and to strengthen internal control procedures.", "Agreements and guidelines", "14.The conclusion of status-of-forces agreements is essential to create a clear working relationship between the United Nations and the host country for a peacekeeping operation.The Secretariat should therefore work towards the finalization of such agreements, preferably before the establishment of a peacekeeping force.", "15.The Nordic countries also wished to stress the paramount importance of the model agreement between the United Nations and Member States providing personnel and equipment for peacekeeping operations, especially as peacekeeping operations were becoming increasingly complex.They urged the Secretariat to conclude such agreements with Member States contributing troops.", "THAILAND", "[Original: English]", "[21 July 1993]", "I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES", "1.The Royal Thai Government is convinced that, in the words of the Secretary-General, \"the cornerstone of the building is and must remain the State\".Respect for the sovereignty and integrity of States is therefore crucial in any endeavour of the international community and the United Nations.", "2.The Royal Thai Government is following with great interest the United Nations peace enforcement activities.As these activities involve new serious risks, the Committee believes that the advantages and disadvantages of each operation should be carefully weighed.In some cases, they may have negative effects, especially when they have not received the consent of all parties to the conflict.", "3.The Secretary-General's idea of sending United Nations peacekeeping personnel to \"zones of instability and potential crisis\" to prevent possible hostilities deserves careful consideration.The Royal Thai Government believes that the scope and circumstances of such intervention should be defined more precisely.", "II.CAPACITY OF THE SECRETARIAT", "4.The Royal Thai Government welcomes the recent expansion of the Office of the Military Adviser.It also fully supported the idea of integrating the Field Operations Division into the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "III.PLANNING", "5.There is general agreement that planning procedures need to be improved.The Royal Thai Government believes that the Force Commanders should be appointed as soon as possible and directly involved in the preliminary planning process so that they can provide timely advice on the composition and needs of the Force and thus enable troop-contributing countries to prepare them effectively.In addition, improved procurement and logistics procedures are required.", "IV.ORDER AND CONTROL", "6.The rapid expansion of peacekeeping activities requires the establishment of an emergency situation room or a fully functional operations centre at United Nations Headquarters.The Royal Thai Government believes that the facility should, at a minimum, centralize communications and information concerning peacekeeping operations.Subsequently, the Centre will be able to integrate logistics, planning and intelligence services required for operations.", "V. TRAINING", "7.The Royal Thai Government is convinced that the success of peacekeeping activities depends to a great extent on the quality of training of staff.It is clear that this training must take into account the approved standards and principles for operations.The idea of developing a general manual on United Nations logistics concepts and procedures was most timely.The possibility of establishing regional training centres also deserves serious consideration.Regional cooperation, by allowing for an exchange of experience, would make Member States better able and prepared to contribute to peacekeeping operations.", "VI.FINANCING", "8.His Government had long been concerned about the precarious financing of peacekeeping operations.He firmly believed that the United Nations' efforts in that regard were too important for peacekeeping in the world to be dependent on financial and budgetary restrictions.The key to the solution of this thorny problem is, in his view, always the full and timely payment of assessed contributions by Member States.However, the bold and innovative approaches proposed by the Secretary-General in the \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) must also be seriously explored.", "VII.SAFETY OF PERSONNEL", "9.As a troop-contributing country, Thailand was seriously concerned about the increasing number of casualties among peacekeeping and other personnel.The Royal Thai Government hopes that the measures recommended by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/72 of 14 December 1992 will be implemented in due course.", "YUGOSLAVIA", "[Original: English]", "[26 August 1993]", "1.The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia supports the initiative and efforts to define the criteria and foundations of international relations and the role of the United Nations in the post-cold-war context, and in particular endorses the Secretary-General's determination to seek peaceful solutions to all problems and conflicts.", "2.Given that the Organization's essential role in the future in establishing, safeguarding and promoting world peace is widely recognized and accepted, it is quite normal that the approach and fundamental orientations of the \"Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) should be broadly supported by Member States, including the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia has indeed contributed to activities related to the preparation of the \"Agenda\", although the scale and scope of its contribution have often been limited by the sanctions imposed by the United Nations, without which it would have been much more important and consistent with what Yugoslavia was able and intended to offer.", "3.As one of the founding Member States of the United Nations and having participated in many peacekeeping missions under the auspices of the United Nations throughout the history of the Organization, Yugoslavia has always been one of the most faithful supporters of the fundamental principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, such as peace, peaceful cooperation, confidence-building measures and the promotion of relations among States and respect for human rights with a view to strengthening general prosperity.", "4.It is clear that the new quality of post-cold-war international relations, characterized by a desire for cooperation rather than confrontation, requires an appropriate structural and conceptual adjustment of the Organization, which will enhance its effectiveness and its ability to respond adequately to future challenges.At the same time, Member States themselves, including the largest, most powerful and most developed Member States, must also adapt their respective policies and views.In doing so, they must never lose sight of the fundamental principles of the Charter of the United Nations as the cornerstone upon which all future activities of the Organization must be based.Indeed, the United Nations, which has been entrusted with a sacred mission among all, namely the preservation of international peace and security, must first and foremost carry out this task in an effective, impartial and just manner in accordance with international law.Accordingly, the reform of international institutions, particularly that of the United Nations, in the light of new needs must be achieved through multilateral cooperation with the participation of all Member States on an equal footing.There is no doubt that the United Nations General Assembly is the most appropriate framework for all these activities.", "5.It would be politically naivety to underestimate the weight and power of the world's most powerful states and their influence on the definition of the future system of international relations.Therefore, future activities related to the implementation of the \"Agenda\" system must be carried out by considering all relevant factors, in a highly thoughtful manner, especially in the case of these countries.If the subsequent events were to indicate that the promotion of the interests of certain countries or groups of countries was to the detriment of the interests of other countries, the basic intentions proclaimed in the Agenda would become a dead letter.", "6.The decisions adopted or to be adopted by the Security Council on the crisis concerning the former Yugoslavia are eloquent proof that the issues dealt with in the \"Agenda\" deserve urgent attention and must be addressed without bias, which unfortunately has not been the case with Yugoslavia.", "7.From the beginning of the Yugoslav crisis, the United Nations has established a Protection Force (UNPROFOR) with a specific mission to protect the population, pending a lasting political solution.On the ground, UNPROFOR has established effective cooperation with the European Community Verification Mission.UNPROFOR's mandate has been progressively expanded from the territorial point of view (apart from the United Nations protected areas, it extends to the former Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Prevlaka peninsula and Macedonia) to the mission itself, so that the ongoing peacekeeping operation in the territory of the former Yugoslavia has become the largest, most complex and most costly in the history of the United Nations.Since the beginning of this mission, resolutions have been adopted that allow the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter to ensure the delivery of humanitarian aid and to impose safe areas in former Bosnia and Herzegovina.Close cooperation has been established between the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the implementation of the Security Council decisions on the no-fly zone established in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "8.Without an adequate prior assessment of the situation, the Security Council adopted resolutions imposing unfair and unfair sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.By their severity and global nature, these sanctions are unprecedented in the history of the Organization and penalize a whole people.Particularly absurd is resolution 820 (1993), which isolating the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from the outside world: adding insult to the prejudice, this resolution was adopted because the Bosnian Serbs, citizens of another State recognized by the United Nations, had refused to accept the Vance-Owen plan for former Bosnia and Herzegovina.The adoption of this resolution at that time was only one way of taking a moral attitude, since the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had accepted the Vance-Owen Plan as a framework for the search for a just and lasting peace acceptable to the three warring parties of the civil war in former Bosnia and Herzegovina.The \"unbearable lightness\" shown by the international community in managing the crisis in the former Yugoslavia was confirmed by the events: the Vance-Owen plan was practically abandoned, but not only the sanctions imposed on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were not lifted, but it is still insisted that they be strictly enforced.This inconsistency, if not this arbitrary one, in defending the principles and objectives of the Charter is far from contributing to the strengthening of international peace and security, much less to the adoption and confirmation of the \"Agenda for Peace\".", "9.In this context, the experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in its cooperation with the United Nations in the search for a solution to the crisis in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is of great value for the Organization's future activities in the area of peacekeeping, its financing and the recruitment of necessary personnel, but also in a time and time of dangerous precedents created on behalf of and under the authority of the World Organization.", "10.In this context, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia considers it a duty to make some observations on certain unacceptable trends in international relations that have been particularly evident in the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis.Based on its ongoing commitment to peace and on the fundamental principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law and on the experience gained in the search for a solution to this crisis, Yugoslavia presents below a number of remarks on the \"An Agenda for Peace\".", "11.The importance and role of the United Nations in the establishment, preservation and promotion of international peace and security is irreplaceable.The Organization is and must remain the principal effective and impartial centre of all activities aimed at the establishment, preservation and protection of international peace and security.", "12.The Security Council, the Organization's principal executive body, is primarily responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security.This role of the Security Council was particularly highlighted in the search for a solution to the Yugoslav crisis.Unfortunately, some negative trends have also emerged.", "13.In adopting the relevant decisions in the Security Council, in particular those concerning the war in former Bosnia and Herzegovina, a broad consensus was reached, in particular among the permanent members of the Security Council, so that these decisions were generally adopted unanimously, contrary to what happened during the cold war, which is far from being negative in itself.This is undoubtedly an important step forward and a sign of the strengthening of the role of the Security Council.However, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia believes, and in its view it shares the view of many other countries, that this development is commendable only if unanimity in the Security Council is not the result of the absolute supremacy and arbitrary role of some of its permanent members, which the other countries tacitly or at least do not openly disapprove of, conscious of their inability to exercise decisive influence and thus to modify or prevent the adoption of certain decisions.", "14.However, without prejudice to the importance of the Security Council, the universality of interests and the need to achieve a stable and lasting peace, the processes advocated in the \"Agenda\" must involve all interested parties, all Member States of the Organization, in the elaboration of future solutions.The most appropriate form of their participation would be in their work in the General Assembly, whose role, as the principal organ of the Organization, should be considerably strengthened.", "15.As a State that has made a significant contribution to defining the role of peacekeeping forces and other activities of the Organization, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia recognizes the importance of United Nations peacekeeping operations and their regular funding.", "16.The experience of all UN peacekeeping missions, particularly those in civil wars, as in former Bosnia and Herzegovina and Somalia, has shown that one of the priority roles of these missions is to provide humanitarian assistance.The particular problem is to ensure the protection of United Nations forces.Given the complexity of these issues, any effective solution to this problem that would ensure the smooth running of the Organization's activities, in particular those involving the use of force, must be sought in the context of strict observance of the principles of the Charter and of the relevant provisions of international law and on the basis of a carefully thought-out and carefully developed concept, taking into account all relevant elements and the specificities of the State and region concerned.The United Nations should therefore engage in a given country only with the consent of the United Nations, especially as the mandate of the Organization is increasingly extended to areas traditionally within the competence of States themselves, and as the focus is increasingly on solutions involving the use of force, either directly by the United Nations or through the use of military assistance outside the United Nations system, against which the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is strongly opposed.", "17.A future international order based on precedents would deviate from or even violate the fundamental principles of the Charter and international law, and would apply double standards - as was unfortunately the case in the management of the Yugoslav crisis, illustrated in particular by the forced secession of administrative entities of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the refusal of the international community to recognize the right of succession of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia internationally, as well as by the imposition of unjust, iniquitous and almost racist sanctions on a nation as a whole, not only would such an order be dangerous and would lead to chaos, but would undoubtedly also constitute a permanent source of tension, conflict and threats to peace and security.The Yugoslav example offers ample evidence in this respect.", "18.Among these evidences are the ever more frequent and dangerous attempts to get regional organizations to engage outside the territories of their member States (European Community, NATO, Western European Union (WEU) and Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)) under the pretext of cooperation with the United Nations in the maintenance of peace and security.It is clear that this will enable political, strategic and other objectives and interests to be realized.But what is particularly unacceptable is to try to use the United Nations as a smokescreen for distinct and essentially expansionist purposes.The United Nations has a compelling duty to prevent such attempts.These issues will also need to be seriously addressed when they are addressed in the preparation of the \"Agenda\", if the Organization is to be guaranteed a new place and role in the maintenance of peace and security and in promoting progress and prosperity throughout the world.", "19.The lessons of the Yugoslav crisis point to a new trend which, if confirmed, could have a very serious impact on future developments in international relations.It is a fact that the United Nations and its Security Council today have much easier recourse to the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter than before.In doing so, they are more often departing from the fundamental principles of the Charter and the spirit and norms of international law or interpreting them very freely, sometimes even arbitrarily.The most striking example in this regard is the decision to establish an international tribunal to try those responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia.It is clear that a few countries have had a decisive influence on the adoption of this decision, through which they have sought to satisfy some of their particular interests by abusing the authority of the United Nations.", "20.It is extremely dangerous for the Security Council to take hasty decisions, well-founded decisions or politically motivated decisions on false accusations, which, unfortunately, has often been the case in the management of the Yugoslav crisis.", "21.Such precedents do little to serve the credibility and authority of the world organization;They do not promote a climate of trust and cannot serve as a model for the solution of future conflicts.The unjust, unjust and extremely harsh sanctions imposed on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia are evidence of an unacceptable departure from the principles of the Charter and from the fundamental principles and rules of international law.", "22.A clear example of duplicity and partiality has been the denial of the right of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to participate in the activities of the United Nations and other international bodies and bodies.This way of penalizing a State, a full Member of the United Nations, has no legal basis in the Charter or in international law and is far from being conducive to the solution of international problems and conflicts.This is a particularly inappropriate way of managing a civil war like the one currently raging in the territory of the former Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "23.The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia accords absolute priority in its international relations to the political settlement of all conflicts and disputes.In that regard, she warmly welcomed the efforts of the Secretary-General to achieve a peaceful resolution of certain crises and conflicts.Particular attention must therefore be paid to the peaceful settlement of disputes and preventive diplomacy in planning the future activities of the Organization within the framework of the \"Agenda\".In this context, the International Court of Justice, whose role has been unjustly neglected, must receive increased attention and its competent and impartial arbitration must be sought and used much more frequently in the future.", "24.The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia considers that force and coercive measures, in particular sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter, should be used only as a last resort, and only when the international community has exhausted all other means in the search for a peaceful solution.Coercive measures, and in particular sanctions, cannot resolve an international conflict, let alone a civil war;They have never been and will never be an alternative to the peaceful and political settlement of problems and conflicts in accordance with the Charter.If, however, the international community decides to opt for coercive measures, this choice must be based on the Charter and be supported by relevant evidence and explanations.The procedure for adopting such a decision and the decision itself must leave no doubt as to whether the situation referred to by the Security Council justifies the adoption of such measures under Chapter VII or on the grounds for which the Security Council has taken such a decision.", "25.A comprehensive study of the measures taken against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under Chapter VII of the Charter, in particular the effects of sanctions on Yugoslavia and its neighbours and other countries in the region, would certainly facilitate the consideration of the issues envisaged by the Agenda.This study would provide a perspective of the negative experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and neighbouring States in the wake of the sanctions imposed by the United Nations, and in particular their impact on the most vulnerable groups of the population, namely infants, children, the elderly and the sick.", "26.Referring to the experience of Yugoslavia in the international community's attempts to resolve the Yugoslav crisis, in particular the adverse consequences of United Nations sanctions, it is proposed that the sanctions should be imposed in a highly selective and only final manner and that their duration should be limited.", "27.Given the very serious consequences of sanctions on the entire socio-political life of the country to which they are imposed and of the indirectly affected countries, it is perfectly right to call for special attention to be paid to the establishment of financial and other assistance mechanisms for countries affected by sanctions, while their own responsibility is not at stake.", "28.Given the destructive effects and long-term negative consequences of current conflicts, particularly the increasing number of civil and inter-ethnic wars in recent years, it is important to place particular emphasis in future discussions on some of the issues covered in the \"Agenda\" that concern the post-conflict period.In this regard, in addition to economic recovery and reconstruction issues, humanitarian and human rights issues are of particular importance.", "29.In general, and taking into account the principles of justice, peace and security and the problem of the distribution of forces at all times, it is entirely legitimate to consider whether the application of sanctions should be mandatory or only recommended, i.e. whether it would not be better for each Member State to decide on such application itself in accordance with its own political will and appreciation.The case of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is the best illustration of the relevance of this issue.Many countries believe that the sanctions imposed on Yugoslavia are too severe, unfair and unfair, but they are nevertheless obliged to apply them because it is a decision of the Security Council.", "30.All aspects of human rights and the systematic application of generally accepted norms must, of course, be at the centre of the Organization's concerns and activities.However, it is quite unacceptable that this very sensitive issue should be used as a pretext for interference in the internal affairs of sovereign States, particularly in cases of intervention.The sensitivity and complexity of this issue, and in particular the specificity of each region and country, leave no room for arbitrariness and premeditation.The responsibility of the United Nations in this area is enormous.", "31.The activities of the Organization should not be subordinated to the exclusive interests of the countries that were the subject of those activities or of those which, guided by their particular interests, might be tempted to direct the activities of the Organization in the interests of their own interests.In the context of the discussions on the issues covered by the Agenda, special efforts should be made to establish a stable mechanism for providing humanitarian assistance on an objective and equitable basis and to eliminate any bias among States that are generally the main donors.Needless to say, the consistent application of the principles of the Charter and the relevant rules of international law must underpin any action undertaken under the auspices of the Organization or through one of its mechanisms.", "32.In this regard, the experience gained in the Yugoslav crisis, particularly in the civil, inter-ethnic and religious war in former Bosnia and Herzegovina, is a unique reference.It goes without saying that civil wars threaten the fundamental rights of all, without distinction of origin.No one is innocent in a civil war.This basic principle must therefore be used to provide humanitarian assistance and to address human rights threats in war-affected areas.It is not by penalizing one of the parties to a civil war that a just and lasting solution can be achieved.", "33.There is therefore little justification for the criminalisation of a State that is not a party to a conflict, as was the case for the imposition of sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under the unfounded and absurd pretext of aggression against former Bosnia and Herzegovina.This is also evident for the main international actors, especially those who have launched the idea of sanctions and imposed them.", "34.In accordance with its principled position on the use of force and coercive measures, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia emphasizes the very sensitive nature of the issues relating to the \"rapid response forces\" to which the Secretary-General attaches great importance.These complex issues require a thorough reflection in which all States Members of the United Nations should participate, since they are clearly the first to have a clear framework in this area.", "35.In conclusion, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia reiterates once again its readiness to contribute fully to the elaboration of the \"An Agenda for Peace\", as well as to all activities of the Organization and other international organizations in accordance with the principles and objectives of the Charter of the United Nations and the fundamental norms and principles of international law.", "II.REPLIES OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS", "ASSOCIATION OF THE SOUTH-EST ASIA NATIONS", "[Original: English]", "[26 July 1993]", "1.The United Nations is the focal point for the maintenance of security and order in the world.The proposals contained in the Secretary-General's report entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) reflected new ideas and an innovative approach to strengthening that role, which the Charter had entrusted to the Organization.The change in the balance of forces around the world means that the United Nations can now more effectively carry out its preventive diplomacy, recovery, peacekeeping and peacebuilding functions, which play a key role in conflict prevention and resolution.But, as new conflicts and problems have emerged at the regional and subregional levels, the Organization is increasingly being called upon.", "2.In the Asia-Pacific region, changes in global strategic balance have already prompted major powers and countries in the region to adjust their policies.Given the current uncertainties, ASEAN has endeavoured to establish mechanisms for ongoing dialogue and consultation on regional security with the major countries of the region in order to identify and resolve problems in advance before they reach the stage of crisis or conflict.The work of ASEAN and the major Powers can thus complement the United Nations regional conflict prevention and resolution activities in the Asia-Pacific region.In South-East Asia, the efforts of the United Nations through the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) have been instrumental in the successful and peaceful conduct of the general elections in Cambodia in May 1993.ASEAN would like to see the United Nations continue to play its role in preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping, and post-conflict peace-building in the region.ASEAN also believes that the cause of international peace and stability will benefit from the economic dynamism and social development of the world.", "Preventive diplomacy", "3.ASEAN endorses the Secretary-General's views on preventive diplomacy and, in particular, the proposals to develop that concept through, for example, confidence-building measures, fact-finding and early warning.It is essential to identify and contain conflicts that may occur before they erupt.ASEAN can play a role in regional preventive diplomacy in cooperation with the United Nations.The principle of preventive diplomacy and peaceful settlement of disputes is enshrined in the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in South-East Asia.", "4.ASEAN supports confidence-building measures, which the Secretary-General quotes.ASEAN itself is a good example of what can be done to build confidence in a region.It has been the initiator of major regional confidence-building concepts such as the Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality and the South-East Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone.The ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea is another example of regional confidence-building.ASEAN also supported the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms.", "5.ASEAN welcomes the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution 47/120, which, by consensus on 18 December 1992, includes important decisions on fact-finding.ASEAN endorses the Declaration on Fact-Finding Activities of the United Nations for the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 46/59 of 9 December 1991, and notes that fact-finding missions undertaken by the Secretary-General, the Security Council or the General Assembly will respect the guiding principles adopted by the Assembly, including the prior consent of the States concerned.Article 99 of the Charter authorizes the Secretary-General to request the Security Council to consider any matter which, in his view, could endanger the maintenance of international peace and security and could be an element of preventive diplomacy.", "6.ASEAN largely endorsed the Secretary-General's proposals on early warning, namely, the establishment of an effective early warning mechanism and the idea that regional bodies had an important role to play in that regard.", "Peacemaking", "7.ASEAN supports the Secretary-General's proposal to give the Security Council a more active role in the peaceful settlement of disputes, in accordance with Chapter VI of the Charter.The Council should remain the principal body responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security and for resolving the issues that led to conflicts.As a universal body, the General Assembly should be used, as appropriate, to prevent or contain situations that pose a threat to international peace and security.The Cambodian experience has shown ASEAN that such a system is viable.The Secretary-General could also appoint special representatives for certain regions or countries to keep him informed of situations and to report hot spots.ASEAN also believes that international action to improve the local situation in the event of conflict could facilitate peacemaking.It would be desirable to have a more effective International Court of Justice.", "8.ASEAN also believes that the Security Council should take humanitarian considerations into account when adopting sanctions regimes.The Council should consider what types of sanctions are effective in achieving the desired results.", "9.ASEAN generally supports the use of military force and is advocated by the Secretary-General as a transitional measure before the United Nations resorts to coercive measures when peaceful means fail.In order to improve peacekeeping operations, the experience of the functioning of the United Nations Peacekeeping Administration in the field and at United Nations Headquarters could be further explored, as well as the possibility of establishing a United Nations peace enforcement force.Flexibility should be exercised in the process of establishing the Convention, as some countries had constitutional restrictions and public opinion problems.Most of the units of the force could come from countries that are ready to contribute troops.", "Peacekeeping", "10.ASEAN broadly supported the Secretary-General's proposals on the financial and logistical aspects of peacekeeping operations.However, it believes that the cost-effectiveness of these operations should be improved.It also urged all countries to pay their contributions in full and on time.The staff of peacekeeping activities must be highly competent, experienced and well trained to carry out the increasingly challenging task ahead of them: to implement and enforce the mandate of the United Nations.Training of staff for peacekeeping operations should be based on standards and concepts established by the Organization.", "Peacebuilding", "11.ASEAN agrees with the Secretary-General that peacebuilding should be seen as a continuation of preventive diplomacy.Peacebuilding, especially after conflicts, must not only address political problems of institutional and infrastructure development but must also address non-military security threats such as economic and social causes of instability.", "Financing", "12.ASEAN recognizes that a sound and stable financial base is a prerequisite for the effective implementation of all programmes and activities of the United Nations.This is particularly true today, at a time when the Organization is being called upon on all sides, particularly for peacekeeping purposes.It currently conducts no fewer than 14 peacekeeping operations in various parts of the world.This unprecedented increase in the number of such operations undertaken by the Organization since its inception obviously exhausts its already insufficient resources, as contributions are not being paid at the pace required to finance each of these operations.The financial situation of the United Nations remains deplorable;It is simply due to the fact that many Member States are not fulfilling their obligations under the Charter, which requires them to pay their assessed contributions to both the regular budget and peacekeeping operations on time.ASEAN therefore urged all Member States to pay their contributions in full at the appropriate time.", "Conclusion", "13.ASEAN welcomes and endorses many of the proposals made by the Secretary-General in his report \"An Agenda for Peace\".The Asia-Pacific region of the 1990s is doing well;peace prevails in and between member countries.The major changes that have taken place at the international level since the end of the cold war have created uncertainties, but they have also opened up an unprecedented opportunity for international cooperation to strengthen the prospects for global peace and prosperity.The world community has a duty to act to save future generations from the scourge of war.The Secretary-General's proposals in \"An Agenda for Peace\" are important advances towards international peace and stability.If the United Nations is to play its role more effectively in the maintenance of international peace and security, it must recognize that peace, development and democracy must be treated as an indivisibly whole without further delay.But it is not enough to recognize that peace and prosperity are linked;The time has come for the United Nations to adopt concrete measures and programmes of action.", "SECRETARIAT OF THE COMMONWEALTH", "[For the full text, see document S/25996/Add.2.]", "‑‑‑‑‑", "[1]The replies were reproduced as received.The designations used do not imply any position on the part of the United Nations Secretariat as to the legal status of countries, territories or areas or their authorities.", "[2] ^(*)On behalf of the Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden." 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8fU378dvt5aZ6tLm0tB6hdZccjdaza3ve4XyU3cpgGTmLZxpOxF5RAH69p8SPUON7W7qzimNqoHknlMbWKbPLVlXatpaPmmIlXxzEaF2gpgEmuBpEg54hRFzCshsIX/OPEFvi3KyU3/FzkFSbOv4W/8KDh01jTE8SLtl8JxhunuYI5fpMzUfm8iGcxoXLL+bnqPKkxi2gdmlJMc2hDIprzmEAPRNNR018c084r5p+nfL4c5pUr1rB9vWxMmsZYXYEjilTsQ4rQDIU5JvDJXFRKsRQOw1kpn5AoqSsjwSiT0AIEXKCYirdzyF7n+D+f/NtY9g/h7zelFVmwv6qSGW/UiX+R9kSf4Z6amORTki1Txvq3dffe/KPppuz/XiV/k4xeZwiEvC98c5503x+J3WLiwUcM96fcoTC/M1LT9m3+RlWVV155DTSuKpmn3s6pfzUwl/v08s31t1yh6koIzBjOnr+Ksy2/eXnvp883ak2ccm394XzW/XxSOuWkKW5HFe15hq8H6jye2Nlm1M/2rt8lETM2zMWEj1noiiDNQSk8k8cqcVgwIUHJ2R9H9t4t768edfztMUZJKSUwD86++15mKP/ha3LdiqtKUgru+BTHFv2moKZAv803iURJrteFboIEShI54ZXkCJ5im6O7/f/Tv2zCHc/NPDLt9bXun1k4p/jqyA8/i5Lb+i/ve+/s11c9Ba7P1643ph5WFrQYztizOQo2CMIECDyW0shACC5yQUSOJVyahRQgqQICRGV6p4YwK8xaz79S5f2NTCv+LpF/W8fP92Q2v5X3yazu9hrPMbfXtWXdV6kXODYqqjZhGrezONutSTHVW7appNrH98hVtmJ9zezG9HfzdbSbf9x/kM/P7msq27s+6qdcpogvYiLV2IASJV1aMaXTA9OuAtYzQzEGrEOCIVwZhwwIJ4FCDJF6p8SrIb+oV1XzjrH/Xm/V9kS/yRa5U6G/8lurfc2v6Pde/2r9fpM1CgiSh+7P/Jtccs1D7GP+L/PnTpTTzYUh5xjslW97v/WzrPlG+EhsxjYXaOtvc36GYs+Y2lsWtBnNKf0j5/u+1rZOFqf4VzkzM+hU/zl5bINsG/9vwR6UwVX03mL6YdTfN/UewZublpbntvf+h8k3NrPeYKN9JEDZiLRZMAbBgCiCJV6rgCDcoQhkMMAav3KHzDxqm8M7bKuaUpqrdaz76d2WioCJQEtuhUzVze1WfFnfXqhRmoervK9oPWy3inDcK6iQribWkCEEddpBWgHklC0R2CEx0QAyv3IE/dUX6K13fiiubyloMv9qbn9pO5Xp+r6Gqj3Zupd98q78XWe/jrNebV/17kb1a/SKp/fiLvPRj9Ku+Pj/D/T5+kS+S6tXXrftjTDtSkOEsTRR6hI3YDk55xT1vnefXV32Uc2rzeFIU5fsr1alJWSqq+uhvzn+jrP72190fRe19ze2lvcbubS99nVEU28t7llVcO8UUNbEN1Vy8lM4M22QMRFvUxL8yTRR6IgAbsdZXBwpowVkhBq/MisAiCCdwAIlXaqC45yZCavzPX9sUzfh3dv6KOytfnCKbv0gQfLttV3VqrxkE4TDh34t7svSvLP4oyLr8o9nedlv9TUw7T8EpksJWZ251Dj98TkX7WV6p5t/zhy0r38x7xY/in70gzlbTldiFBEmyu/7mrpnjDhLAJNaiQcMrgfCDMuzdM6ZBgX0UWmjUAAkRoGDFEa8UsyKeixyOeKVGM/1VU5p6kfODYVHxX+T3ttOLUwSnCGh7LeYdhtrikFKQnbqt/hd5/woyz62fcynIXoO/Uz8pyFd9moYvEq/6ZwuTWJiz7vxf5u7o33ZVSy3ZizvvSye3mq1Z/Z359/daGur8bf21NLUs9ln/XvrN7FGTRcOp7XyZl/LXr8p827BiC6aoPk7Fbeulq5XGfW6+sinW1fTa0MpM7WNjEmsNUSnAKsXFvFICKC0uAYyW41R//SL13nh+5zbbPfMOZl2c+DH/7Nvfs9P52uY6+V+UzZrrldkrfpXNq9mhURLTxJ7Sa17XuVehvRT3SVWfVdnMjNNt7bUhtdeu7JdRqq36uszUXrim4q/wr2u+qQaxBUHKN8eUb1TfnRRKYq0bKGEMLwRQpkHPZ+EClJmw1kiLMrRkJszwyiX4GV55w8RyMrVMkwvN1E48YLMUU4IxxcDMFSJcTFM7dbCWjdgHp8VGzCvvCRVFyAIGsZXtu9qNc6/hj2+eouy8LzK0N/3zKsxWwHRsm3wv/cy//4HqGwi2Kt5RVnOcsVA3v63NaWrcE2CtJ6LQRAuCcIckXpnDdQSNBWRxhldq+7f98SKr7fnHNk1N95QF6RVF2rnY9h9dz173thRbLU5KgSiJaaxKX19KP5z1N/0r1sdUDC3K50MCcTlkTibuIJigbVYhQZJ8FNw844kfCOW6x9S2O8D6jyWwbgfBHHFKTOEiMdWgFUuoPvy6BxNMQ1pNEFliBrEeHPHKHDgBhQ605CAMr9QwDrk//OzfnxkVb8cf0puNaZ0g7lN/zz+ofkwzrf9Fvkhw/p73NDXwO3fq19neFxnSbVd/7dsuijS7RMh7qaYwU/um/g4rh1P3D7VVfS/yglXjp1j7mCAxTKz4fFsWau5Ld+7ftnViu7KYTha9Ysf2Xmuj3aw5zlgdTi1+FU/hUGfw9X2b/fhXln8Pgq/CPzMHwZ8BnjDj36aJ7V9WzdRi3lE0CT1eM0RaTBjCGlxWCEEYXokECjaABAo2YGSV8f8sancQtHd/hk0xJTHN4pmpiVZVv2cffqlASaxFufjCCl7gYXglFFnAoA0R6EIMXvki/+b1ayvubFvcXyS9vYZ+2NKVzj2yKImhvMyUXE4yepPlcNfnqB7qe+nufLYzSmItM7KQ8sQYSWBeSYAG4EALQNxkXPU9nzfZ9yJfpHniblfii1z1D/cKjpxnm7/VW1utKc480803puHmHwWJMCmCA5goggOY4Fakn+W2KGCanfUvxRx/qOLcxgNYqwY9gBgARQHE4JUwc9h25MEFYlhhKuZKOywch9uyTnBIbe/fqgl6NjFKYnayHghK6uSyWN/jHM781dqkeLYa2EyhBFUAAolXDmAIU7gxhCkk8Uqrv55vJULSim0Hd/azbP43X2/4JGlhEtN6TLw7kP/NLcqq+LaolMxTxE5Jn0nMiSNemYXKFi04bCGFIrodhBHzSvwiVzhbjZPlXdP5N/tb2qGa1TPXb/mL/MuzGIJ/99evmm/cUVSlv9esEQ16qDRkoVjcgjnEFNuV/XqamszUVJk/xzmr/ut45lTmu9tQjW1IR3GwEWtllTaEhMheeCUNuvADEWhjfOGV1+qKBYkFmWFbO8Ui/6lR9nYq70KCJMm4dzCOm/44XHqIaazL0pp+uc7MH5+w7fdXVAPy9Zt55i1T46/fqjbHfWJ6c0fxjKt9vDmOlX6MAwwbsZYQoNGNLGBiXjkHDLjoIIIhWDbO4lvbsdYpu5obp4jNu2R/t32RqPwiVR/Pfvc97UtzSsO5Lc6i2LNbs4xT5Ksi7SThQ0yzP/elOaVfVO1r7/3vszizkpg2z1WPreYfiHeYVTZZZhPSmVK/4s26v1G7f5p+++Z3r6+zMOP8mSqmOrbOr8WPFXr1EGutfokkjgDjC6/kgAmSEMQJJmBUjQrzZ/XTq/9rxyg439+0U4UESYJDCgmS5DuZHZOYtjGlen429V8Gc2Teayp9IrSKo9DP/ESLklirs0J1Vqg0vBKLYUUohhVoeCX/TOUERlW0aAnh43MDA3hIvNIFYEgAAjSwQUKEtDKq/ddi3rP+cK/CKfLhOi/y7l/hb7/df8xNLwqjuiToVNYiC5WiSvlwm4ZecfPIgEmstQE0JBBaoAZleGUQEpCECULoZYA45L5Wfx2HvD3vzGQ3/xWlr+2L7Jl/r0FljQW5WXtmuK86BWne/LP5uH8al4amNrv/6w9I5lTFX2XDUTPHBvNOqRgItpd+5lwJbHzhlVsFC1cLRgIuxjidHPFKH5gAgy+kQGbbVad2emeGU8TSEKfIiJt/n1sKcrsyta2Lkpj2q2pxDS0OFBJoxKItc8RxyveXxDweTokpVmhWpinm1FmZM6bSjCmGR4ppxaUU4+PkQiMkSBJTC00piZcYEGzFpcRiijlNlxgTETMxLy5zxaU0c4rhMWdKphgfLS8rPlxOIZgfWKsHGl75RQ3oEIYa0OEMr+Q+OEU2tiDHmba8d+4LCZLk88EpgkPOT4dTZD83RkmM+0xsr+6ifR32T9sPxLvzz6ebWyVSndqdXPFzT5TEWmmIrWRhipYzvFL8MWOHIEQADa/U8Idb9eG/H9/WdnrNtiqJaRtX+hrF+/7Xqf339eMQzCCnRWwwOEW4R1FNpw6cIk1Y4ivFlGZKReS0EoAFUAKwAELilU2cIAL0Clft/EXyELSFNVfPZ37NrzPKxuEUERIkCekEJTtwinhAW31N+eaa8o2zx/MRouIOooy2qYkzSyFFoCTWMmIJNjkysAASr1TDiAHEoAQiQOKVL5Jq+2GLsnKicUh6UT1XFZwiK5PeUlY1XX3t+m92qU5xvjPf86srIuR9PfqCjRjOKfwqjv+mzJWZ8qHHs00WavMM5TP6qKyknlMVsU8+d66sFX3VpPdmFltLxWyUAhux1hoboLcBM2J45RJkeGWn2V51rnVmmRrH+P/HxJ13uppU9++359WlouYil0ns7SdSlX5secc2tJksVM8sbVP1VTqnqEoMf2ZN9AKTWCuTAAeMAFAQg1eqUY94JX7LpXiR/13Odc/i1xdJJ43LSwxM6WTazHup2lSqf5WKX3HXtb/IGRyyfzjFOegONmIaC5XVr88EpykTvPmImTI/mqGoZDSkKqEbGu9Ud5H+ivKWmWX3V/TmFC5llCplJ814WxARG7GWjx+seGKNzwyvPEMbDDCK+dRJ7+1VU031i7R70/+vNx3TTb8vd1YvEvxwOEV6xSH/v+L+ImPoi7Sg/r6vmD892Ihpqw6Gc+cdmW+tK/2Le6Zdo74HTpEQ9+GAfFZVbI/IwBK2LZNHisrE+b8lZtvws+Kuz7NfWf1h/kBhEmtBAAcNEAIHDMMra9ig8oAzsvubpjC1vXN3N0timkizezObLP7K+pj3WlVHgJJYC4kPxxAwJDO8kgBaeGEAWniBYv0721CQ2sfUbr7iDHJLwUm5JUpiWlbpXHc8t/hfdYqFsl/Kck5V3AdKYq3cgyFzyEACknhliggtiAGBIMzQj7KalVcY48nqVPVlOOSLpCgzMDQuJR8nk2fa8SEkSJLv6yyqbedfZEwHmcS0MNd/DbJwxqw9NRu68WudMbWZmX7V7tRDIm0ppBGKj9KMC83Jt0t2Rme+rapfENtsUxW1KBtSl89eVBc/hmtbGl1XOvE4tZRcXK0njMxgCEZmgIZXMqEEFuR+YAxeqb3IbH/X4MxsVskCprF2qX8f79uOOCtgrScWIIQKSPBIvLIHTw0bnhpm4Ew72/bnvYRpGwhPUa5RKfz8QbqVAGsN0QU3dKALbjjilSKgAxA1RqQgiVfu0Kv+ua+siPI1T8J2aHCi3Dz2hE4op6mXFP1AvpuNIGEtI14ZRcgHAS4MGfyzGG/+P/rW/yJ5xp9+brPmL/K/Du52v0gQr/YXhhXrnsKWQ5nEdGz+bRpaTHHfnxVtKKdvj5javlnbrjI1CtbX2aZnMd+MczxMYk8zYWJpixb/nvCACFqSeGUZVtAFLMUOKJuC/E/ws54TIXHf/Wb7qa4ViZKYhlIEj1Vp4szS+eRXqtevO81ezHTOKfzdW088cFEgAc+MGV654/XXKzNRPhhsh5078/pfj2gCrNUEE67ABRQ3+MIrRRDzyh3//FFb43zzan99bPFnKq5ozERBoUpiO1SvevwoceN+sxFT26Hq6xtbarPrv4qvKCgjUxJrqXIUQQsXxCGJV3KgC1S4AgqecIZX7rj/P79/TFN64hyB7bAr1rf5p2pHgfn1EWPAWkd2CISwxhBpeOUYvFIHeHulLDWA6aifwiEuhLV4nACINGSgijC8klUANECtMI54pQVXoLBZN9S2hxYtIMohjHhljMnE8hIz40KDA+bycpI5GRFjgqGRmSylk4pLyeXUY8aYZmZMPKZmxGnCWiQyeCUEtkiADxoYghm8cseLE+dPCGwHmIPAWllYgLSFMMwA80oxxDxbWEKNMLxSB06Rm+9S2mFxwXTUT1F9KTcDWAsINmMYAitVhldyLIxwuRkiBq/cYb8U2+/rRa5OMrpf5EbZNof2ZOLsIlFmKIntQNn35L+3Yv2UR1HRExYPsiTWgkCKhxHegIUkXpmHTxZw2PBihlfuEH1m536Wfb8/rEtiO7RKRfTBKfK3xLVdqch01MT5v2+l3rc9UrLlPEZQEmtNIYAIuJhhCzR4pY79qUlZTjAd9VP0w5lgrSi66EAQFgAD5pUaan5/MOVvChPfd8o3yj3ZOmx9kTb8esPfWey5Xmo/TDO1T0SpoSSG7U6pOadQ2b2P2jzzqaN+RUGdZFESa4HOGCPlAASI4ZUpTgRZtGEGRrxyR4rIvOmP+8pNBzuVZaJQMsB2XM4/tDR71GlnbL2AtVgg0IGrB1YSrxwVoAg7wAswwyt13HQcmlMcMvR+L5KlAiUxHdlmUyb2zk4WrJwPJbFWEQcIKSKknvxTV9fHO3JPrcyhJKZ18HUXEiTJvV+ff804q5jWF6m4cV4oibVQD0BiU/RamnvOoCBV2sNVTXf/LgVVFLQebg6w1o4lKGDHEhSAxCstEq+k2uKQOeN99wum/F59/8FBrvPXzvWvOs7c9p36munXfLOcoIdYR2n7TGQ9ZmwoCxFgztYImZi5YXbWMHjmNDHrsu7EtNpN8UlnFbSXkjYybMRaKRjDEAdAqUfAQIoXryRe+R8Ouf9FZr26FNewg19rZjP+dQmUk8rLiQVxRnkx0ZzMbGZKqHBIivlo4z3EtBWdT69N/515RvHTA8nhxj1jUdUKZe3F/1pEQVE5vZzov/uEQmM64mRmW9v9d9vRxgUbsZYLDskJCaBxxCuxuAKSEBRb+FXfdd++aa+pdXdw93stTpGUXTOu6YdpumAjptmOonPvbGf6Gd832x3c39vsOb3ZrugFsxLKRqwlghcCEELAYIZXNqAAPpRRhy9S2mb8NC75W33n/zeL/u5v+p7a8KfGggzpi8Td9poXSe9+Fvz7Q9samm9V5jpTCta8VTOpLIXbrun8/Spusw6zDLazcpptKh9irTVSerBBTEsZXqnx1ynQxoGSmMa69XfEsnipycIRrywDASs2UpCR4dypzuqL7NxKaci13SHvIg3nvfUzvu1no0NJrAUGx6WAc4DEK5nwwxFA9hg3fPvtTV9kt7tnjPs3eSdCoqju2/b6Idczm9n+vLMWjueP4UMMtP1X96mYud2s1yh6wde2hxPMmrLA+9Rm2+xvx5Z32w3tc4qm/vy72nbzgA+x1kkXodgRKUe8sg1JiHyAgwhkVP56u0idsdyUxLSvYm03D5TEWiIF9KhiCy5A4pVicDEGeMMMSHqN7jJT+2oS02zyzVIV7059mKnd/aB+bCcQnXk2GTvsQACvJmiY8Yu86f8Vf6ar/ZtmJPBSVQ0ptlmWATO2mZh1BfKVpkZ6Q0mstSOIbwo9pMAMrwzTsEOOBwCBQz61mT9/lZ7ZxCEvjhfJscUxKbf8v9ds23UHp+BOa//xIjs3/6A4RXTgFLl529n/RVLdYTC9U2ZqowUEIKbtv/pmldgtSlPWx+vzZ2XUpThwx6GpTQrbCAmSpL6KhXOILaahpaoZmInf5iXFCJAJy1H6ZSamNv1HSrUU5WQ0t90oMb+o+te/8WbxwP0H7hk9YmojOvgQawlBhRyEKU4wwytbwIIkXol/hXLSoXpmdiFBktjX3PYVejdd4bd2ozy2mbZMQXayf5EpN52eT/qqhc6eP/UiUWJeepz0sGH2rJWpiXB8iLEumJLxzldlavj+6WQEThGVin6bjNsVm4wxtTi3AKF39RpmZjT1TOgnIoVavDOPak9sUlis22lpmSgqphOVmb3cTDNHiXnp8RID89/zF9UeYq0DpOGVpyZOXZBBLYNXaqpLQ/oicf7Oj05XLzIElsR+0+/UVkx7BXO+eVYhrTtUYQYgSLxS4ziq/ZraLFpXL7JbmeylIDW/yTjG33utVkiQJL+iggSRYRLTsL3Z1hnMmYOnqWEL5uz2UO+OfpvftlqKJ+uCViaxVh4+kIOWDmSQeGUZPnhpoQRxuDl1UHrf/3CK4BT5/8r/Rb7IlM60xdR+XekX6Q+V76vspmf7psOAldZO5V/v323Dp/v7/PBDbNsddm4v7TWfbRt6MbUszVf69Uc31tiGj8ryrlm4c9jB/Sms4vhDvvuPSu+lOuNPEj7EWjSQwBtooLcyeKUOisAEMgxovEg9u837Rc6bvi0YZrvzsbNOuXfrCeYwyzKt2vjrzvbT7khJrPWGKSCBRBotQOKVpiGMgAQ9EEFb3Vff6aP0zkDba2zY6dxX9fFfddPUOJGNmFYrVXHKb8Cc2WBLcdiq5R/451c17alMc0hMYq0rZKoQf3BBEq88ASWDASdv4L83DklptVkLCZKE3zz//5xEfZHg1iqJaZhuIJ/Nu2Zrk1Jv/lL4tsma2hW9O6d6EvV78BCnhBJekjhC6WREiUXmxQdNElKk4ZUtcMM2skALvABzwP9looAnGNY6YoOO2KAwdojzN0zbYgpbmYnyJxXWyiIFViABgS2QeKUb6BhUhGAD9psoH04R/hMFhVNk07tamSjVCZhWMYsNrGUCgiJyYGAJMa80QxDK8ModmkjWqZ8VMG2nMiC05YZGOa3fG2CtGTX0DRK4IPHKFqQYYUGKkb0yUWgRYNr9T8Nab+iAF17phRheqUODyWywlhJ0bNHasDDDK83AdQzBxfVXkJ2GlocZhzx9NPxrtx59NlASa0HhAWBg1eACZHhlZ4s+a8C0zMPfoo8UsFYbjIgDyQgaMBL6sGAapp8bWKsOayRB4pWVf52f3XTQR6UkBuRjXdBHDTEYgMVsQYIeiGBChxQa/Pnj/hWHvNbS8POpoiTGd8605R1Fp/b5LAHDwbZopZ6gxhE2IWV4ZcZ1vixfgGm8c9DeTw5gLSsQ8IP3wRlgeGUM0gCygvgBGPz/Ypp9nd9TdKV/9VnnWiFBkqyIdPTfbP3cx4ZJTPsVtclSUqsPURr3wUJJrIXChg4EdrBBEq+sA4sSZqxhDLbbTlV70+1TS2IaC3M7b0a3j4+SWMsGQrjIsYQsjHilx4I6CEANGNiPHwRvzzT9XKZGH4NY0w+KSUz7fZ+nsFApvym322Y8u0wtlfHNPNz1Q53y+cEkFgavBKIKT4hCVeKjWaOc3P6Cf1tw707qZGzEtG1R8INfaSpr1v3VLc3wf+sq9tLUNM46g+JF6dyD1O3AJNYKogVS6KIIJjA0bfvmOPM+6nhQEtPqim4QzHXUWaAk1lIChxye0AQWyPDKH3yhiyWUfhij7/1Xf/b9Cn/VH1oRtL3iFMnAKstCnRcmMc1ntmHq68c5h/XjZu4bU0tzeEOdECaxVhAxryQCD8pwBBcsAeaVnY5+VK9Z/jKeew3uLNqpn05Vgq3+VYb/0y/SFVVZIBNT0WabDgR1mBCA6cIZXqnGjxoFjMFG59qn2HVawDR6+6b1UlbXZQFrdQEkDF6ZI4EqoKELMfDCKzX+H+6dyn/vr5l2uC4CJTENyJctz6nHKhxjKoa6dje0b64yiob226i8aZax5fs1tfnQYvviyuqv14opvHVdmMRaZHilF8rwSv5Zy4Q9piYuWih44XzhxI2YV1KBFONFdjjO+y3YwSGzejvX09mgJKY9/XiW+vtft6ejoQIV/VBjxCtxMMQVTbAAiRGvfP6YpnNXrwJv50GYzySmYarFnZ3APMEMvlWxRhwETGItDKwRxAxGlBDDK6tABEmWscHNvZ07dcX2v876vApS1amIS6IkprGoxjTzj/IuYruqO6t2aFuGKIm1gLB1oQIvIMCIVyYx2YEOfKjgpvd88huH/E7FEXHISScPs/29htMQd4fMUXDKzdcTbutzKoKzhPMGM96PH9vMQxwYTGKtT09BGi7gxBdeCQMTUCAsw2Wk18+uvh2GH04JMO1eqprZZd1tuWah5qZfxwlREmuhYY0TOIGyYcQrPxCaEtBBAYzg3tksSkX+/PVz/Pr1tbTXm45ThGX7t3EesBHTKLbhLOXJcTe0sOusP8pv7yBVif2mYGorxVRlZl/KfO6NywKLFCyvFkr7sF3BAiNeWQUXNFDBBQ1GvDKjd2b8e6r/yMFvbHhtCu3kSoSsOQQvZdG4bFFn7kZ+IdmIaWDGFoiuuP7ObmxoaeZ4U5ub/50zjuK8MIm1nthho4YxrjDDK9uwO5TPDAyYhnfFpI0IrJUCA7yAsIISMK9UOcFSJowHYK3TAmRiUzQBDK/8wQfWEAYnTGCMzu3cdD5xTzl5JTEtq2DL1MCvKa9FnbdRSax1RWcFYAIoMa90TYHGEZALev/76H+iLQclfH7HmX6KkCBJQNG2UhJrdWjoAR6EkAYjXunDhy2gsEZJ45C0vkgQV9159pXbeytLsCOo5NQXo5xkaAQAAAAYASAAMxAAAGCAwJBgRC6c0GklPxSAI0NANjEokWYCPQpiTCmEkJkZGQEASRAA6jR/Ctkdxi404M6bjiD+/jM4GCrhS6kC3h7pK+8JK48Qy0RHkjLYmi+H37eVCAgP2XGsv8cw1QKdw1Ync3wLLJTxBBuiz/hXZgDXIDCvgzsDAinMOQzufQltvVTQjvJP0Gojs5VvREPFJFKopa6s335U/DyaOWVtIuQTnOhIhloXPybVdy6RrnKph4ZluTf3wCSspVnfZJB8EV0pCnqNsK/wN9AlrSG8ldbz23kQ8DJvLd/AmX3s2FmNZBZ6y2dLRnPzA9K9Q7OfHw0CEzKYNmb/oFaoXbo+jI8xR619HIDP4lBQznW+kb7dGwshZLPs+qqNq2GQWSRE9v7CI+swhoxQTkAq8p2PSjoErvzaWZTYlZJ1b38c/A8Py+98xB5oixHfLhUa3nPx7gGk/0Gfntc8nJp5Fa8VrJKYyr1iTThuD3BO4NkyQge2qbZ1Oiz2KvvyFSrcSQmlgpuBVS0ddUFq57JY6F3necXjhx6HskQ5hal+qbj2yjle8fEyu1pQcPZBQF9j5nKsrLaMVaFuE2edKoaU9lT08m+yGdtLXrZXRmRGNMzmFEgl1ZtlnRMOVLuL+RQJ9NNEj4rMhIOQ8XwEO+BcVnD9FGvSKJC9WqooXAARqP3YrMi4Gr5zx8HY0hT0+EfqJxZGpL0dsHul8sgsEVx2QPqyS3NUjxezIBSXFLYR/O5tGtbdUlvUdjSUQc7YsA6AUYOETNSlZunA8teK076hJcKff+NLRfDWtiEdXu66CqV/hwN0bkQt52Tt5Ih4iyUMoMKeerT7pyJDieNSMmgwshCzi07rgSET17evQ8ohERjEqmJ7fxuirHZmf4Tb4vgK5sO7KuvjXxRFkX7WXsncha1iCqK8eM9pJtENxdK0JlbsxltWE+IkZ9PFjPBSoTWdbkfDrRXr7oX1mDHnSlJ/wj0PaIfnWQ6/XltpBbHPxBVgPaUiR88b6M+jY5QwKdZk6PmDvXOsxWgSMRh/nF6uWMywg+JQhoolAX5RCzxlRxVlZsWSe0FF8/4q/G6M0PiL3ZzoeFfywm64cgcbXDqRjhXB8JwGBqGzlqsiFxlK+Rf7/kwOOnQ+Ozd3bdmGpN3+GxEo3mVt/jLUoJ9DUZUmElJhtcDdrWfYDoBRc2Lf8vLtP4bbN1aIc3z/jbRYUHjdqQHwSC+0GSRz5Vth2RtZQD/nj2o6OF4THjHfQswoVc/pQS+lZQXZBXGPrKfKVwNM+zvnVsa5GhPPqEBWIZwUUdBfFX/z6ezLAZmP0qGfDjLLwmoAxDFqEDER4Uc9LxHsNk4vFXB66rZg3F0ktBeLq5ELwHAPO8NM8yNaakcNg2KWcsGxy5MEvchaxYSq05F+rg+KUmzcKAB0hUrYMbhjzBgwrGbCAFYJF8KZYs16rI8xkZJ7kpwR0s6nhNUSzlmUvxQAC97oi7RwpTZVy63E8CLUG6s5Cl5VfkEJwGgb6EANrj5phTCg99E+QmFWNlgKBL5Kf8Wfb8RAj0YNKJFXTUpohFIDmkggMu1IxYthYrDlXw/EVBw6FBzxPjJFYV347A5B2azB3ABz1ZssuUoeSyY4AD4x74VDUSkIe7YaZgtj6Fpd8TCr2h4Ge71VWnYfWtPchqdgargFSrJ4fe8rsdyTNS5Wo5Gf5MSDCU4ixBvu4ndfFrHglASbeY9fiPMQAxkdSYI4K4bLVMb4xcjTR5F3+9VkBg03kij9QHOsfpK5XW7TqAS0EqptcMb1BEkqvQ/M3gxl9QypCVC2poHydVyqVhPdervc0MAU7S/byERxU/cVXan/IyKW5V8oZXqSd26minz58MNFb62DLHp4FrOKcLiqop8zYJ9+qcdDrHngV0eOhMkYsEPPSg9wljiSywRltNcT4qiWGImTDuMO1KSj9nkIljgeOLtcqp+IwiPpsznlNoIxuGQIac+lEZ9kAOK1M7LQ2Ht5MMUfrZ7M4ze0b/FvZKvYH5ib7jIo2Mw5g444h+e6YW5TRj5hPKeLjDydM5+hPQ5xZ/ir4dBSb7IUW3LLPIpkWX40oojR1eA55dmKPRz7wFwwFnWjYkjTdznj3WteqBMaqISLOPWla7RU9+sEwnc2+dpskX2HxXds9RcJj7NUqG45pMIKI5dEnRdqix9uPKbF+JtDrbatzZX+yLKGu+fi7GMCOyFS3cP4CFR+A0nXZPY+DHUK4ZHhH/OwlKxTb99wLscB2MzSH3ONk5eiIp/BBOuKIj30ZKWCgfLMLYoIzUVCvwdCR83jdc1traKbJNG4sMwjA7dg9shBoVWs0a5p+e8Tb7JPd5Gu5m0h9f9TwDanYNCQuq9GYECj3L0qsfGXce6EZXSF6gR9T+dsOSLpS9uqnJOCv0RiBqCAUlQ6veb2ic50wOSCmlWeyd/gRwePCT/R9IjaAVmYwsPqG71O3lHE+WLh+E2ZOPhfY48kwmmoaNj+xNnhQelaOo26mvb3EOfwIzM8V+X+WFioMhnuKKxibSxQwGxifReAfHq1Kqy3BDTvf+HMGZSo9SR50pBrQXagEwvZ0wctoBm14uQ1ZC6ZG9ynlOW4/YviAdRrzrMyUGwO4dfrxJNhepw0li201C8owPMcc5nz3gSRyRI0zEzgjS9iotkiNHf8AYomEemuz9Z4R0bzWMqstLq5a7CrznqAR9icr1cAoGgvzUpUo/CnIhBfWAYJKYd45hZj1fLF/omxUSeZan/TX+aZZUERzJXjoJpYJUjdFTdegmzPixGcJIl98t9LLbRabMyuB/ytzhqNBdJIQSX3NonEZyNFLCpRpJv/J3pGH3vQTRoj4YANMYkx1qVUkbBetytow3vNTzMINU6VaB8QBuRjkLeaoVGBE6IThAzWbuGzpvvbtTRsCgddR1YqFQYOUINzWiRNQIKgHhVamO5SWoycgBgcLD/OLS0PZuLkKm45YcNbds2iyrJ/vNDfqaQIpdmljStSqSK0z2hUzE3ZI0SiZ6Ppl/SbbK+gQGg65at1k4GiytvDLM3K+K1VZZxozIH8IZhskvlvKWc/Yi7vK4Hdj/yqzGvLjwchZ/WYE2T3JE8GFH/+hLFGit0NCfHH6n8q16LFfPiCmKVtrwRTC1bjvGOfuL12VG4AWa9Eyl72wI654FndWrdPWu9R4SQRjyHQdtQhJCqbo5eEPsMULxdSky3ff5oCz50XBhGpb+SkfcPHSc0zAzwUbqQOpBozjay1UBFwiKN1yrwxq9dCol4W896sme2cyN5JWp60lEpXtkMQh8G/R3f0HedWNO1VxkvrsMhaoVmr0B5vhoee9nNUzybnbECmkKmkTgc65jOMk+3wnSzr8hthwBr1eVGYDKIDHV+CD+giosqPU5HxhK7w5tRsMuWKd+ojjKrCgFIJrHaQR2Kcay1hp+4I6qF5NCkGiaFYuKXceez16H1THFGdyLp7oVGKYh2aA7s2W8zpXYQNWCh1xjSANf5hPa+Utgcz8/eVZPSRYTTGYCERKkuKe6aBqpvcqLxXrRLZCkAmzLCPT/0jFhpCQYqNi7o3EDhfRb+sXYpOvviNWo6BZyQU6EgkOE8hULzu8B+tz7iouXC9vaQONP5Wu5gCd5PYiqueyD8xeDdYQzP0VgI8GznTiJ2cMEn2zv/u9gMv+CW3fp6ClK0djHWM8XAFJKDpprvAf1h0LDvv3UEdpp5natTuCLaynIinTx63QSvbZTuYVfpUPdTRZJ1Ws3D4sYv+1ZKzDzRv4xG6qlerOKr+LaZSsrPPFR6RgKUgRStV6pog9sk4cwCoLDQ9BQIHQEmlBVWb5CCrVFxBVil1cmel49GBP9Z5qPu36/5znn5/TzKiBFn2tzXYq7TbK5V9Rhv4ABLunxr4Ns5HIo/1y9KhjiFNcPhvlYwkCaryx0XhAmO0YODQbmzUmLdWlbYqHr8aYJIwDd1Sw2wvFuOpH6GNF9VxLfjCVlxN6rjPUw9mtbPy9qBaytdERXsZ3lLrp9WDt0DVTBuJlSwaWJBh4HwfEIM7YaIdtdgIF8yrsjAMvwXH4GCjs8S2qsEVGni002By7UKKAp80qhjy5A92LIelh3mF7LNi7g61hut9DZcBmdDlisncuiTUWqku3SKP3zwmlinrOfPUmK4H+VjoqAHUE3b6GWjGVNhelOrXaDy4QzqgVO0BsO6EsbytYrUgDxlTXxnvKMYNkgs4wdDlKq105T3hOlM5zhTL3vAl/QKlhMiEWf1cKq4+nAxbIut4wzsssTY/zHBqmVTGGtyqII3z1huzorQ1hmz6o/1H0fQKqKLkLUyllYwbVCT2nxzw7u73sOp4EcZ5vuRu0amHjojXUU6MEkCGEJInd57aEl+qV0mXMgHITQ4x1gqfUwuOmO8fPkSGxiPAB0uC8bT15CQCBsH0OJbBrZQH1SRvCSYjCB0DBvpa79dkhD3z9T2R1SI9YBuX0VwhrmtTNCcN5hJfmynYwELAJgVARMpTGdV2DXl6rSprQX/3muo5XEjWQlSxykWO/e1r60LNasmvqdqrEAAYcGNpbiNbTImTMmLW1D7OgPIhQsHHn4k+rGYpNZWDCb0YT5DRaXvUABFgSmAUsNbeNJhOj5OlXP3Kf3yXGQQaK/amuuLh6weenXrO7BpRjJ2fyvhoGH2Q4yZ+uBeeNNTpqXe3PbKSqHwEPjxbFRNsA/UkMaLuUjkuhx/OH7hQKXSQSWJhIxPRrJYrsyprNvLipYUJF2UQmCQQ0GxPAktoOO6ipLxDOZD+SXqR/v3T6TLmk+xclCDBFrSTApE/xpzvCo6/yJjDzSzpcwCILAWylApdTKXJApqCPesMS6YWqU7VK3cxZloa4nwMe5i1DzBHLKIQaQnmEKMzTwqQDeI19p4FZyTYs2KiT6QSKutG6kltXtQQPboWaaBIwcw6BwFObn5EfHgehP91IpJNbn0B98+aQeh7udXAFMBgA+Cd5Jb6xBODB68UY7C7k1bSFoD1umi8lfeSFYXBlgttlsLaS9T9xqyDfrOEGgsS7ElItRCPeSQWEKy5Ww4tr/TE39npzrVuGwqL/FTmRFDt6dStSPaWwdFkNwjJ3kn8LUCm03yeZLhauppbPHwN64WWd4/qkG1cSfU33rr+ta7DWns8lg4eWce1NPnFLZB8cfVrI4rySigo46SSYLWL3ogu94OEAv/pENn5NrUFgpJajIEsrH8QE521YIWTSvCLhcx2B3cWjC8/PrBFtZG83IgUDChNQe6zhZocwOR9xXACa3wiUHzwibdBU55OmP/a5pyVc4MXR7dPFX4HvC9lDzIzvFenlsajDS9fi5iWn5l1omuDRTLjwUGo2U5piOgouYNR5GRbMbkj85gpkrFAJtxJqVKSmHkdMqHwae3BW8sRjtglpAOK2ii4SROQ13DdkP0/Cv1CXI80dCM/WS+ScbGYdkvv/5yQu54TYm/VH42yhBxwKwx/MKBczywaoeGI+LlosdqtRom/UkjU+2TCmKvJ4OLNI6387bUFMHT0mEDxDoJ6YbKvDOQRmC9tsCuAbTs3aACqMEIyUJk6R8kIbhdzY6FX/e09vZ0H4B9jDnA1moQ++x2dCebLxXYei5CSvmylh+0NfQwS/aK65vuH4y85p8/Kkrf/oQob4nidLvC+hzARL+SLUlnOTXoIAFgy00+RPDEzevsuFLt5toWhM3myyjHBxSbXjMAgMzMjzAXL8erSfl79p2ctPxyEfES2xdrXGZLnV6s4zL1v7IoWC0aMIgBJd42FNHgpSIpcGA6GyLmM6goTSAkaUtT1bhAXn2yp3ESn4Xm2m/3IhaOyvT92+uXoTjAgQ6+WgTx7gXogYXMbQovtrr+HHaWAeSQZ67YS25t50jqXJo4OZ8gENnqrFnsf3EBTmyA/D8tYjPYrzPJrqJamJinou64OuCvECrCeQI2vRUtXOKeOBInEhC9KYfs/VNkxdiyFBuudrMM8vceuULNcb5eJFJ0QH0z0rv0H/DhYTiCYEZ0mCvQZbQx+HDRKc7w28BOLz4L6reaENcYQgCHpt39BNxnlxyiCek5yV8iCW1HAQ6UIsyWAOblO/485I1ZrU0cI8jOZjln278D0ZevdBMNLaWB6pSuAENPY7HmVwL+3dbM0PjaedKWUmA15MhwagYDEHfIbw3Li9xSdCAymm3pKZZGKrROrBIpj2aTMwxPqknwG512O1udUGI3hPw4Vr2u8ZqtVvXH3eQdZtYbdBg1SV4+M7COfr60uFZ7UrYOtdykIOYOKIH38nBPJd1MwUBejNNYPXrMj66xhsN1p5MYzwU/pfYcdixFLpVMf/tz4kzxB3fAQs6gfycPRWUIM1I/XmCzdgxHyq/kjy/7PaO6mNsbpEDBBxQg7jfeJOVbk+ha0ICZyundRB9/A3TJWw7Bj2QCLDm+poHAEG4r8JT6dUqArHHLxeJDJ1OU7pd8TmyZ+gXVLVU7SUWk68CUFYo8Qtm9LJ3TTJUxTtTRUv18Y4nYMHoUZfwGf1TpVad5q77MwpwRFR04tGvX2/eC5fYMLC4XuN5JIbNE3CTBHmFxqXECAuPZ36255In9AmacsNmyw5A6MUIGSpAoFqafP+BYYKb9LKyMjRzaTLHcrST8vpVC10ky4La+AbyevAwinQa+CoPaDnpz+Po9KWGPTD5bamJZ9+WTe13oj9bGvlx4nmCHj0L76EFCN/D4FSuDI8vpmNRP7VsZjB8hxzodd7OpvrtjwBZZHaCKF19W6Cb3sG3bJJDGxDNvA7wZ19DxkGIRDqjUjOKV+psmfnY4iES1U6WYaN1V+EquTkpBnpj3vRMd+Zok7TLeo6zDyxCvi+ONGVhSKe9p2ZNg04xvFylHbUzFMMCNCXryJw/zQJb05tudUFD2bWrwPEOUNNlZckxIG5wisMJ8hTvEpTtRB98t3LGvGNGgRWi4lhyW7XWfOsphb/sKgPm+3Ul/Tr7ivH7JP6EZJndLHi5TNhoR4sORwusHwidmd3htfEqteweNvQoGYhoeKb7I6ypQBiZcGIy4vbGOOnLw/ACIkG4mzQ8hYTjjoXujWX15HmgQCxAehgAjE+SQo3+YELdqgyNP2eL2OsCNRKQgsVVdgTUXOA/tofGWPUOfUJwcqzy4zQgY7Gpis+0Tic+5jeNwjAwIWYhy6QG61T7IxyoVKIkLFzpUhUU7X3gGXmfqgq7QeXwWRaHHl4i9Tm9BZ2mb6MYKOUqjigoq58X+OqfzOhgOx2ozlGcBTYelwMIjQCLLmjiKhA5Jdi5wGpiA8xfeDM7r1nqZaovetbs7jebV38ZIe+4OxNLywwSxpOyeoUsc8wB+sUijNskX1dAFkjnfr4mkGmXlQtskX/4Ezkdso4LAZClCaT2z9E4Eh/0LUlNxpcYaGZdzdYGoyLiL+jkkHJ41SxjQTMfwHUHwx9SR4PnfYyG8dLWDPPgYS8tyYO5vGiHbI3yL99gH9nRRs9Qcp8bkWWVdOZ6ZaeFyk/fwJD8+4ZwpVmLMT8Hd7Ch7gxtFIMo/3ck+SUirSzferE6T3blB9GupDHo4peLjIV6W8YmL339ta/nOkCjDOyrtRTJUjOCOXPh2utHS/21XCXSPBzLkmolc2NflihvZERxibgDFYWuAl+91iEAidTfRTzjcnBe8IKGBCos0tILI79hdFRzoxUa2twJqveEaOWj3MRfrjMLsKNdKbNx0NaJtP8fpO3VF/L5XQuh0o1wpSVA1WKiUU0BFWo/Jlqcmc/7WfFroSa0IyGPeIMm57c2fI9Vhq8rgK+p/sumER0qwtbAF/jYyjbIhQ8DIDxKNVn0cRfkV9EiYNOCQWsUnPt5WPXrYeIgGtqb90QZxHJzuGZvwzEf3H+O8T6U4vBVK+b0orvV0ZKZyWyT0XQIR+seQ3UaCzwnmutsfwo+kk1YbDXqnFwW7bzQyF0MIJfiHjFtURgjL2NMbxAGGuPB7RITEe+xPxJZJK7meRxkSF/fabgfFZZZ/HLSzx41IwUcfymKVHFHpZwMLfsrIRPGlCzxGvbXXGcU59Za07qMEhuHiQKOo4aQGSFKeis1wE0w+Q3gnaGuDZYevUOS9pgcREpoDNQ7fjOfx+xN1n8DOA552ZuW8L4FEr88aKNPCNc86TosQC25alL8HFHuNyzqvkSfQpyta2u721s14+JtaMzYRHwtptcCZCpj3bRDGHh9ukQA0QG0rUBRWusr82wqUbLm2ZKr2fA5dpKDqXeF9oIW578m0KUkUiqr3p9a3s1p6g6ot0csBYCB2g/8fW617tFttW8g6XmkxDObPui5tCalKAI4dr+z55fU8OXAxSE223Ey2yzhntpQRNctmrbLBqtHygxO2oP/2IlYZjGwaKc1iAsEDLDy3G61gmGE2ZChOkigOpwIR5lNcqTeFSDSjJb3PyR3FRgeTlQKwHz5Vwlw4rOLzXWNU4NwBdhnG5M3RDHnUvnS5Q93fP9+OYJXnJatOl3YG4PIGgjF2xO+LKIFFuuCq5KBpBpJpgoItuHfKMrCmWva0jrB8AHY8hIcry1maUmgi5qYyQWnAZzBMvijeXWXZ/3E+fkprEUdaMkNuEE+WD0pRfqnotfd0M/rVmfY8qbrJVmObowbQpEo5kFR0HFanmINAM9baHKo8vMVzxVKHwP2Wupt4k/dSZUTuFNlT2d9vtFe3W+Dzda0QjX4ReAdjHY4RNXutIf86zdTkj5fC+tyCOlwZitXD9EPCAlZ1RvB5uHgTfa7074t1615iOGobHzxYzCGot7jO6IFwYFERG/DHnD1XSggdyKAydfS3v8ZMSJMnr2WNm8dRH6OKGNLtaULVxCygn8Y3suQLqsFgr6OGeTjhmcGv2k3+ag/bV3WS/qOxR2KQ4gmh0Mh/3TbkYBUFkN7gD9MA+WfrZhJGQKUvY1OG+xMK6HeGJO0rQ6IBT67nta7BSeLcOBIuz8+NcqiyVR5pTMJPXaCvXXwsRSUj1rlF4xtPx4EdMPIzFvEnK0CE1NjLOMAUXAz8eNSBd0RBxOls6XtYUU74k0Jkdd0GkKebRDCekPaHDGOZIn1uRaV0S46P7FQ1voOMm/E+eL7BVLX3JjmfJsd24PJLL59OPaREZkqrOkxofnJKVXV4ItXYZPLBls/9JVEUfIwiDOm22gqyDVdGpKRoUuDIfyM+WSp/ZYptdEjJkg6E4UGF0DjdabV7JWcWULXwcfPLaCeeu32uFdZevvkDGak83wE2TSEwudnZ39ZZER9RMXMSNzSOolSQ8V3bYtrdR0eCR7+d0nfq6LkZGGkRNhP9Q8eRhPqh7VFiDXI6BkOCMOgnA3fF+hOarZwdNTzO6xjpqB5aeF1vXXaCcUDcXCVd7eRFss4v/YoKnk7yRLEsuBTqg1swzTL/UW3oQ3s1ucHoRDmfZICjaR+RpVlXtTC1JWdEl5tE4Hzjko2fIhV78FktK55Z92T0OaG1LQfX8cqmNnGjpz/QXjBEjdPOH7+9kdygQFi4CHWnUkeL2TVxl2ioyPyyqGrkvObJEj6ZKxfRZXl0UPgL2/Sx1gozxkksMChc2uwh2V2kxe0Di1Hh2AEJ9FU5tDd8XznU715HDkb8slbxrBQRjMJ1zGL14YpPVYFn4chKcAw2mjzEkNphRQYiLb2Ui2Gia6IXi5KMtMoLbn2S81fMaRUgri4yyAcEpvSV61gsJ06n6qZVOjXK75YlnFS0unLcHZ5Np1jPB8XoZAIRVLsig9empdpY1D9dQwW0t8PMKC8KMxw/VKazyhWyVIOmk8oXSzYB1wmf5KwrGisDJ7W2jx5WyPgrKO3FVxeL95SKb9/q/xEfEj8NV3D355/Tp/jTDpyeFxK2RMXsbp5QLUKDF/rvITQb+yLEasUXjaNBBwe4DWNXTyrlv0u0s8KoCcT19KVh9FTAge1C2C5fE59EjchJHq1oiKjc1AMnDWWoo2l23QUV9iJXgYiyb/ORG10+1Px7VPzlIBk3wmpfo7Ll1BQgnkFg8UTLxOo55Ac1UwrxrB+tsFjoxlRkRNjhkKLrRJeNQ3qIKffmU6VPVt0Nit+fSL41HP8e7QNCchKBzFFuTNSQAICBRV6rtCWaIaMHODpJAJNKDkuXu9A7xnvD64BZozqh1BmMjvahOTcQATQ7Q/9EH44Z9x/dDQtZx9fXx5kjYnfuvb6+VXfBV15Oj8Eh2ntj8Hzqn9sFhxQEhVA4MPtLgyf6f9j/OEH0VLH3gwrLQSiM+2ScGjtG3A0JMFicLgN9Co5tJ4HOoqCjCMpZQePfzqMVoXgl1i57nnUdiC/L3ncaeKAmtIYDZhrKdTEsSZEM20ic0gBt6tCiYiNp5yQaQeo1YJI7PGLhptpsQ5/qwGpUgs/pgELdC5U1AGBDC6nNDA1S66vuL51wQJSq6VufPTMXjklQoJYcoz02oxeJSyvu+uUoLVrEy0jTPCJAELXMLLuo/al214h8PMkUm7ErlQto6J5FmZNxWWakydr8c5SHlt2CeKmj9/HU13EMS4OqwABYIrxOdpt41ImhFJdYpBZBnUo/Te3tFjifOLKcbAYR1ZXpUj+W4kMXkOUKhg/Y5AlDStzd+Rc7Hpd19U778btFz9RayYTcvunUpN25dBpV6gjXaslNiVXzN3ie6GiIM/IhY3ZtVLPNZ+CtXN632tyIYcgOkm4ZuQvhrPjW6B3+st22Z2Ly7JAia2xPNiosQndmLBHiEmpXUe6pNLUdd9lA7FLOcOwL8WQhSel0dOSIWiDWFM4ErhfEJV+Ym0imAzrBFe4dptCEWM0Hc5I5+S7YF127qIYXrntGgQtExU7diV0OSHOlrhAVK03VJJ2fm64AlPmG3pzvFtzDeQzJ/RMs2GuLeFdRc+Xq6qJIdRaqpjHQbicfzjMVg92U3cAWVT5on0GnDkYTeZ6hy3JCNyrYHWRJze0r1bCU6NMV3bUosxJkPxVdsoemkFNfgvv2nbsvXOb2sw4nnIUTHQjJXMk/IA13fhi6B1k8K/GyQFT96q7fz7weCkUKPuBRCd2enKle+8zQm/E/A5NNLFO2Z0llrwGXBYYXmNShbJs9T8b2cA3umHWgYNlMWEnP6VIf1jEzcMNO5TnLGJdOHkXkUkx4f+iPI1DCTYyLRzaI12mkvIlO7omv1FAd1D3qcbyvCKQahBfXac5wQth0nEe+H+4zEcTGDmTXRZ1yXE1RI8FbEv0sP/pUELimgyfay3zmkKaH1LqC3b28TwAtDrMVRP0M20LZtVpG4h1N0e7GWcB6h2n69CnKkD7/Eo3zisbu6SXTwSyCIJ0x4FV1C8SND8KIflhlc+fpiFVsccAP1fMP8+HetZDgKwcUpVpRKFMgA1fRfkBczUOipsmHAe6MR8HkI0Q+pxNvK2euyo5weH2FZ1nB0T7Sr5z8JIu7evSIvD3oLSqOJqEXqnuEkppUyffd/iM39joY3R6YeOh8T2Lj55CClqbk04k1imBg+68eqQ7nJw4TlxEPMLI+OqW1lb8sajhWB8EQ2M4sNQrZiHMAagN1Mf5TpDTX9VfKqAaKpw6AzlGUhU7cIHG1JBgjAPM7wkHhykImsNVH4ImiOPZsbN9Osc7nHVaSUoHc3hHvNy78fQuEDgKdCVYn6V3U8ygfNlkmRhL56/ApTXSUqhSXvhCAqtIznNBV7nwtai5XrUWSS/FD7L7W7YjiEYTg9cq9LsYVVJDpeekNlcUAVJscMMTj02ueHkOAZMrhl73JCbFmC5zRZ98eStkNL4bC4QgnnSBnXgM0u6oZoeqgX5Mt30J2tmX6qGzj/FfH85iSJhSbBFTjyDH37dOP0Icb1aaNST256sAWNO5mvSNmrbjKugnQpYndMESPskykP80NUfIqT/05vZJTgnitdQIuUomu7uVmjdnoGLchUNbCXaEC5KTkJ0BTpgakFOwD+Prv7eNKsSlxGEBCrkzHTx4aTY1XPojYRq8oYCMK+PEMK5wD5+L8KygE0DFGA35z+Pxvx9QmCvr8x96mrkE10LwuyJugl2dxrwTeGDex9Vvur5PmM5biGczqvxW2S8X2ltUIgxE1K+X0Kg0E4UVW29yF/115jQUWkD2OGBz/sKGyYfOHdxPk//+rDAiiaIpI2LnOqUnZUSNGk9OYgkad10MoUSob91I0clZ248y18QNvxSZkggazFKizvZEGw0O+863coFLQcg4ifsrCVz5CFyTMyX0mZPHKsb9k2WZd78yMgc28Z5fxC0fu50+Run2m4JXPg5fthilaR60qyk1xJvhalYfLquGwZhB1Bf+AT/g4pTYYIbAV2mXRzwPufx8l19YD9Z5bCvtYfNxxsi1Gy4XAz3UustoauQ8VPnQsx7Kcp+WCJzU8ziEHsfYBK37iEsJtt43wNm+C8ThquE1Guoo+C6lpyYXCeqz2xTVUKdKECbZnLEZRPoQWhHWlSgVDEbaIVcvE6YfnxIN2SKqDRoIulbglSLZF9a+U2unCQh56KZXQpE2lAhTQQjyBYhRybCHyjn7V7PT2WRVRHJGNnMWQsBCEWzkKkbLQgAIDNiR0Gv8Kxoo80a7WLGRpzngedg3WRj+4YlNGMzZ06V8vfDxBZ3EmBiqiFbjDIZk4xxkG0DucYw3tuzYag4Jmo/fBKR+iKoWUZCD1R7b5nQLKT9DfROxTpG7fDIpAGUaHPP1TKYTMyzkwT2AXbVHLa0W7MPPIHsbaQbxL7W7wELRFKN5IBPIKmqFDB7YUY8uMIUv6QwzA4F+WNo3FHDBcUReU8vYB/zmyvdDXWwAc4ZEQrFYRXztrLzYE7W1kPkGV2QorW440YtT0GifTMZ/N46c25MnRl+pCV5DmED2kv2wWOOucWbZIpeQA3CsN2kSWp9CAfZRaySteLDiRUX6kmQgndctwch8HMbfzb2JaaKnWUUEM6wRBJmQ2qWpi+6FHITFKaxnpI7H5jifcI5zDykcWmslMCumT191UYolH7ZMFO/OzkvFQBVuIg6eBaulOirn+GZkew21JPBvzKILcDnKBkEJ8IAFLCUOGFj0C/XRkmh5wIoBDdfJu/4Hi8N/eMrCAOL5TWRr8uBVKlNvps9ghUH429rdX0YksqHQYuvLFEQQwV5v+r89iNnd/9LfZbrVVBJMr90ehOmEwCfUsxivhv4bHpqtdz7l1KkBIawWuQLpVEtSXlIH5NwWAWWhRbfPBwIbiCEkdjPkAVQAv2oZAFExuQDnIo6/ezNUE/jkV3oiBZUEbUPXEMXhG/qXk10dhQ344dN1ts5zJ4m+MLoM2xQRDxaYTgyHIdbdOmObJpIOfTlk+DgNOyOK9DFkWaWKAuIJlXKw1WLcHcJHLazQo0geGcAg2YK7sKx0iycrRNcon/SSch3RGQ4gZvOcNMLgAL2/g6UgF18hMSunBMkwbOdtgjr9eSfyn87NvlOq0ZVaES52gld92EGwuH/zoBXaQjHoN7g0QtWGLLSJzBoQjOgCPtpXAokOlpmx8X8StdnamQkLTORibsgbcFzCkgzrWGy3bsUjBawqBUx05RDj3C5UcDrYM26FkyYRHZ3dgJC8gloLMuzAZbLrpYftIhrCAQYUJJgP1z+pInZWdnLNSDk57NYQrJdohUaST47e/X8+AKHUpmqIWTbbZytgM0BWWXBPtbhkRsiytP1oyhe+2BXBDUBlQd9FuqJ9yyeTOSwOVYzge8d7xw5mbIBKc1MwOtmf94kwjUZEIJLuPPMLZe1F4g5WUJEoOdDu16/1d5PLYX809K4ggumKo2rpcFbyxY0YMtkjalCVyrqAzE176krLWAsHVnBT4H6RUaCNcrVzg85yp/79ScaG90SQFSPO+O0QLv5V4PVu2d3COccR7jQi5zdrCsLJqDlnXNUNbt0iPePnQCISs4+J0DHnNBrUodxhCrJSUWGy/2bYqVRWba32TYF1mEjvvE2XkndqZBLSpESV+DRGaPdb+l8IZCb/Y+EfSjn0wakCWEZj3GqGQNBp4kRMmLJ6/NRZs5eXCTM7lNnkx6ShJk4x/5ZxqtfdIznT3e57nzttQ/FmF2WZthLemzjzT8muEni/ZPg/BCUA0/itSp+rAVuiXmeD22D+mH3Hb9kvkFMiZg+MdpKVum//FBB4n+G2l8c+kESwK7ckl9oF/eZcOwFUxmu1ZpCzsV8lMuxW2nprTSonoRseZnV9Kz2zRD4TnAmNScbjUB4iha8Uzkt/aRFRBBSBEuBXDOZo5B/EIgytYgX9InemIpwuXg+Gb0H9Vq3ebURmzohqyKtNaM6nZOF2Zc3iTw2/jaI6HuWxX6A+N8YIMZxLgqkR+Xsz0jEyYsqChCldyrJ+NdmUbf9MfRSLwgzzCyysqImQeyRLnftnUlNvb76OxmmgMN8IoXxFAtxX1ea9igiK65A11OxNTnCPd+PmX1RfDPknkfefa0tE2AS3qUkf0MSYGfMhk/guIfIOZ9c8GBw5uvyfMSvw9Ydaz5EhCHPJDBvNMTDsWyl2iLCQ50eS18iJUZUETBpAwm1JyaaNlzacqFx9wxtdwN4mYDEwvr1L29IFt7eqSgPNpjfJ7RffftUuxMPXF1YevlniAieEgZCBCSE2gr57YwsykQhnViKo9YE5qAWUURTVG3T333dhonaCPlhR8TxE/E1rGSZkpOnojMekFUsFOMJq+FuAjCQ4M6XMdkx6RoasHkdrVzSBrTKiG33ul7UxCevoVEsRaTrrFfqGhVP40kFIvceXjBEyamS4iLKj+GnzFcwqs7aES4UPXuvnR3wNnLC6PjQ2YYRx6NiJN6Njc+p4Xg6GNrUgOxxpSYXe6pO4uxmC0eRDEyApz26vpZ9Xu2ig4I59Tk6d4XbTrdEUhucoU64TnNa3CVPTtcXW+qGPJoBRYvw3P3klsBktCojE7xDmbn7LwcBk5rc2YGkQc74/ZkwND+FyA2rvizIO5fcFxnmGq2WkztP/Z193JZNK7UFcL1sNqAQeGjb784FdTwlPCO+hBKEEptCzw2enAb+nMBV7j2yI5himk/EXdrWu8hIEaq9/UDFN/gZLL8ktQjOqrWxsVJQEoA6ojQEMQOR+oSTb02TBfit7z7aKMIdFGV1+S4Cgob1asG9qtYS+INqQCADRe47URvLte++MM+oTpAtJNVODNcG4frIISij22nzNCLiKtyJNRyaFs4gTYDkI4eg8yOMORo8QEo0HroTq1SBHodnPKjC/QBB03fZKhHCbh8VFp7b1ahlxHqmwlRBLwQMQAP5GPBw1aiHAE5HSN3DbBRuaPeH1msNis9G5qZlwz4BetwB2y9+5HP6dzE+ksE6W1QwsgiLWI4PHZL5ZxP51Ebt7go0adic/GGojtqOpfGHlL9Z/gSfPzh3Eo3iSSzSr8lmEx9ilArTSqacP6czO+R8F39emIMljGLWCIY27CC8B+IeDNgCAKJwozh6bfvZHglKz+rniMORE1XXkPc8PpkIlswEAAbHRVukysEf7e2iVGSz86WlLiY8XRCe5604ThHu64uUCtBZpB2muNRLAU/fAfJXztJQJAgNC+ovwHFKeg3rDoMuxkLNGKNyHxnF2vUH28rumS4uU1rM3IaS7RFL9uNHfm0k2fYugyrEwd951Wagri9/XMkQ/kKsNSKcdQTqb8uiftxZ1Ii5RkBpxvUsP+bQdbEPfeatPMFPGmNwh1GnuaDSmnisCqBWURbUiYPxSLf0ZroB1RJdQPhcNWDMYlwVJDU7bJTMqSQkIPEMXzzjERwEcNwaJYgOOab3+Dmc0ygDMk3ibNnR2Sx53aQg0Ph7TVEutjczrdBV9c1/Fh9Kx9qqrqxS2f38V1Cj8LKbIFuDYwUvKsnRAmCgtT34Ul16DrkicYvSVlg4ANwHgbhMBSnV2QAFMT1eT88AAftDptPsvSW+lMb2PCKDl6eeMCR64r3HJ0o7Q0zMEC/yQPNnRWpY7UfrcBLVVJTjiTlSmLTbfXL8RZXLnKOdeFoKwBzhEXdUlHCxljYUDFiPGlZtzqWlRFQBqgkZ+eG8G1Xcef2JXcPVnWfKlc2QTjKGxLJ6OBbCHyBw0QKdsWqB/cN9FXByLgmB2n/b6RDcrameAqxJ2fJQI78bXsblbcynDZwGy0J5pU8cDGioT9CqVKmbDZwEFFETRnxar+3exS16MPAmp2kDRDIERJGmUqWRz2Bo90PjUtV/DFgAB78QYJ/FRh0dt0qOz/xHy/JVlizPSsiYQ7q7mjnxY+GoyJQE+E+dhRLSL/LXGorRwkXV6FP61Lp9OJPNJ8+ODMGuZmRusmp8JhgW2FhLmksWIbHNyb4xPnbaf7vls/kBZQTwJ87rF0Iuxjm4ZXFiBMAomh22zjgNYM2HzoHIZ2zrryI18MOFsNR/9hbCOeePtN6thPc++MRWcYyVPhrYhaBN0tlbjJJgf9Nah44+EAi5UDCTofGAIQQSrJqb24R7gFOYE1tDUwLEySufEHFDsEiS8GBUAlTwWi3uJiqZ9mHoQc8gtivh58B2Wbgh6oCto1HMgKdJUYHFRMoOdxjVgNZ69reeOZ2jF8j16UFc6Svl0HH5Xf20cYFDiOXHvrTC/DJ6sU0f9fMc1piWze7nE9gVVogOWorLdG++awZslXiagbrEI//B78B86VQ+IsgJdR+dBYY6b83+AZC34ezH3YvKTgWhxzBw7kht3sw0m8o9y0pY0NKLymoNU3fLVOuiXIKMtIQ24pWQ7IQIoFb+6TDEoio9qZoPTIPVTiNbA4OmFtyaZx2hv/Ki7a9YYjlekHti4Mre7foMmCga/DwEt+UjcPjNl4CJ5rYCOSS/+K/7KQHTCBZI38EPUg+lWmHhgnYEqKEgnQeIQBAmMMJPkPJcEbdc5WigX85spW7AaRjgbYNgP8pGEEAN8izw5dJ6u6kFmoRF64ZIrbgcl2DaPCy4EaKz5c46nxis/aqaxFYiHopSmf7KgmKg77pYcbvMZI8uyoquEPUk5fKIA6Yt3ou7Bl7s3YFrgrBZbRTYyrNWFLlRLHq2rIDyeL9QQeAkGXUKiNsl6vMsiRHwhs+68V8vyc226BaGoYqa2UwmJk2ZT9JVdGGog558n22bqVXDAQvv2qFM9WH+SKKnXmgE6ORAXfq7ihDHWiDuAiV0ddM73cBDTYksjurqs954M8or9TdUlDNbK057qsCQDFR4PT8CfcahByt8zPqUmcMEAZSZpUxsf7A2qshCBZ/afGPAPP2EZcj/Cts4fbNcDv9VcP8oICxaLynagL57lDsylKKQ6FxFLOVCT7RKdfQ0EiGpDesoMAJgcl+O0CjD6XSMeFiJgVJWNAI681DWu3bR0OfGiGXX1rzJ6CZGmwhH7m5JtR3M4XgSByUBqutTc263CqeQe8SQJiE2UGLKIVRFNPoJX3AfAeQ8iMXlNsSqY3lSAbua9RcPysjl7kOf1ZMaOdr1hEuM2wOKuHuw9zTSGkevFtt3bWWJ0YllgY5zLeAw68erAxzHtGL+wTWj7UQa8xLh+sQEuJ3/e/WYZfF6qHuxMLnu3eVcJxyL5afEemZHooJCcipnHtxztn0WsaabbrgcnkBb2iMnZLgxhpOYSxzY3DlMLeFOk1MckM54d3eAnD9mtTe0UZgszyQihHdYRMiMJz3wZSPFzf8E2vqf88yELydHuENIcODb9Iarz61UhSDA8j7E2lxwTKHgjkcX0Seh9WCko6dPWF1jXzzY8j0Ynkt8V4CWNDmAg9Kclc1HXQvIvhLbXS7Mee/QuYA3GwQZVNdY+2W+UcoyfOcE8V3kBB1AMiG10xDnMC8aTd2gFIy/ye6EbzLJc01pIsf7KzdpP+8bBMRvfD43w3xk9FfGGhhy29dy2WIXaZBbwgCSVR6hJwGZvVOjwSrJlDEA7yrrrAJgljeISgaNK5rMEAef1lfMoG97WEIfcTj9gDsTZKYvaTGFBAuWZ/cpPqaIzbA4G5LpUAKgsmYTL01hsix2hvTM5ORvRjIo40Ec+Xuc1kTptxtpG9WoahL7viuFJYiVt/G1eiwa6QULeFBvBRNgr3cLyOcElB65S2kQiKQbdWaVwHj7iT4vlhKYgwq7AkuIsMDOIFqcdylONYHP3TI7VCkLTjRUGuKk0eAfhYRnnDFBrVMwm3E0IXR2zibhQKOH9/qCIJ5MoT4UdZLVceMM0eREK4+UGvW9/PuIR6M29qXFRndmxCcanAT1aEqfzkDXLXvxV1iIbg+Ft6iYUBXLUfabNsNIZnkrBhf4dUn3vkPEmVPMLjiA30RESbSIDDMwxmR3dGKbrPmS2S71kMmz8zHR7JSw/QgXuNa+MPvt5CJQx3uyq+oBJm1CqpReLBaZsxgxRtSZH0SED4MxDrRecHnx0/bDBoUMvVkiUodClUQRJCA5nqDjs0PhJIaN2jyqYm9zh102x691PwfgWEUTLYIdHInw5iKjn3t0PBwgCmPiCMk9kqNK1hKXJ4r63JaRO9AvDz8YXiFvLXXPBm8ghTNbmj73k6pFFRV5vBCNMSPaH32coH46ws3QhEdiRhAIBwbg3Gt4TGV9waT5Nq8maiPw4hiJVQBuvkD8pX+KmOG8qBQy5PlUv1XnxQbbEjdFNgdS9uLzWTFhud2hbDIvj8tNn5feDe9Ef2hlAusKPd73N7AQjHegEPJCEVKAyDSSenCGAzc5lxT6P3lYjetVax8UgRZMq11e0C/gkVNa/2GHNsrygXtXhe8Y+AtZaJeYav5cx6L3nkmGMDbBg1gzU/FWOA4CrNYsp4Vp3ZvavmQyN+6GcEJLsY5lXKRnDixSLGWCTYl38SECAgg0S+Qikho/BI6EFpxw1kLJOTMwOCNAaodBEhxPK0NJHlLYHbHylFnENDvGOUtt4BITYnVFzTdBeSvdqM60o8jCL6f7AbHIaX2421CTBBBf3+IIG/Qkzrmg/Xn2k+NJatX9DozK0K7B+h163yvusAUs4CdCb3anU5S5GB3WNpW1Xh8XA822k3RMmXGESJYEtMouBTa3lpuUKru4uZvxd6VyKSp5ngdV2RQ4FG0h29OOL3qSR//YoF9Hy8tqBPAT5XlSRXffMe1EBw0fcET2RYAUo0ENr6kM9DUKpIMBC7kb8s74ZZPJwJixwojiqdlsvUxvwzMDnBwclJJj3n7Zpny2WCGJUl+f/qN/8fD5QP8y6zZcNPN+k6b5nQD2Z7cTNPl+vndGSE4OYoz5oYvthGtu0rsESMhSMI0YgyYUtIYxSWQVX6RCyJs/jMtZc4Dn+W1tUu/SxPORDc5ZgAsugwbiT3rm1bj2I2YfITEQJWYcw41qd+eQyL8q195ZwMs40UCmQ7W0eEsjH0OKbmBtif2Xtqfhk1efsSXldoW8SeS4OcY7RVAvq18mvHqyQ8FJgX4mR1mRShR5mLGmdHyFTL0TxJazN9EOcnVGZds6wckhitHYdFlbsdOJ/C+4yRT6LEIMlgXAKnMGfDiG/zO9h4vRXPab4OGXghXWCBIOTZ7e3YjjlGpQQ5fVZZc08Z33IUq0E3I/3nujuISErzaI5DihBwzlUv4h81kywOXpgItuSz7wk35clrbRRPa1IsUproHCjCc7Y8NMTS1a5Vc7ZivwfB7sCegk1u57POyCdiXQRgPrEndVCSZ1SiokCfqcJlcgfAkgqzykIArpSX8vVs+A9VPmSgNFFmE1kh6w1BRw12bJrXKrVlV4M5edyPSSaHhWaUu3vyJ4FbHIICcl74BOPzhlbBgdPJIVNPrAgpOvh0H9Y7hkR4ttaD6ISx3ilQNQ6xpybiMLwrJb+5awoAR8UhwQmGWaNjjjgpUIbbUYfmiFoT3fQk3QOvaMYJgDSURB5eASorsOGCV+ndT3dN2tg4FNeMTUkkDrrO0vAKRvawj48WiuW7T5UBNOdNaUNx94Uso290BONOBv1e4B13iQnC0MheKsIG8GDFawesp+hbPRcGQgTJ8c+IJTWhr1TPV6KqZQS/bzk6HuF63hoyg+rBUB2EA7nIZSDyrJ+jij9WrXqE9DCchJGhwiUguiuE91hjNri2HP9YYdR3yjmzJpn4ez0bPmjXKEaxbmNUGkB4XeQEkvf/iplYeqL2hBp2c9eEZMALNFX97LX7vB+lsX0phPTQgRjQwlxhLQamhsBAW5eS3c1kkuFUqSQeyW/3O7rODhT+MqNBBDzcXN0pyyaqautCbx39bWJJK0RFGVba9NmNRf3KJi6LCv4ovZ8LH98PoptRcML0GEi/TTu2pJqFWSNqfPN8jUVzbILRaDJIa2mLqB0J4sDEZ1y4DVKot5UaxVI7K7VZkVbOI3i+xl2zTSecgm2foAP+ZRePZts6tcGU5yQ8VDN7VRygUEO1DaUX/UoFec8aKWbBLs3KvXPEBEUizfZNBPaERzLdMSuBx4Y3AATh457G2Wxn0I52HRlsuf8BtxvRCgDevp4VPjQLpkeAq3TMqJfbbmkHVdx1mwRzrNukA+1k4DsY0iN2yriqBIAQSDk5qxzKEy5/lN0Wo17UxbbZ0dGUqfl9aNCqJ4D8sYMCJuSXk8l0r6FL7ALJeIQzMgdp4nptsv1gx19aSGz/kLMcRbm39qTUVZFb2McOCkoYmBtiIGHpcAgS57XNY1/IK3FZAcXtJqe2Y/m1NJeP45etuI7q9Uc4UGFHQnE7q09fQcoHi1F1ETV6DxtdDb5HjL1CA7NlWxa0OSb1Iv+HSWcU0X5eP0SZoXwKaPT7tSxJ6XfhHwKnoFW8T7zYnd7O0Myrdjk3knHYvEJDoPwG50phsi0tJlNlYhdiakmkGPDoLyRVENKw6h+PgV5zWDP9KZqeKOLaPPnIGU5fLmvq7jMIqBE+DgAzZpbFkLDiKYTxDDRWxRBX1zp5L9kCdSO3f80SE1SwoRzfO7UgL60QBICFyiU0IWFCfoZJGHdzKb7kexv4A/R1izfZHGTqO5AwpGc8H+T1kIoiltSrDn4QyzZ2OIZLkeM4CmaEOTHXj2HYRYE7JvghBxD1U/YzpNAM5Sp74WVkcLX9/eOfbQhj3dJnUCEYTgUlLFxbf8eBV/y/jMIbdygpI8DQQk/iVSjS2ItiH9tjUERi2B9LXNdwinORDUbqcAwq6C/W02JrPaLodW/iVNAkSDzg+ry34KSaf3QtdqXQOE+a+Zebego2139FQA+htOBnLLisFyyaoz3GYNr3I66WChvoEnIS+9rRAkr+L6bXlIyzY4GTJgd4lhqiym0w5wmt4Vo8GepAx2HlDfCrUW/x3UL4Fbfj0mqHrVdy0Ck4gdtXYtLMR8Rs0KqPJF1fa4/pI/d2OHxlBh5pI5MY4PHJOnI09YPHhwfA+TVyycrCfId3WwLp1pcxXrtulzxTP1+X8HKrOdnqZ4I7UDmvzGwXkLMhw+nDXc7pGoS1U/nGghbqKIQcTUN/Tdp4WPK7IdnL5NlzRuvV8yRHH7/+2LGliD5xpTnXo+grNZlqblYCOA3eQLF/sfU0gAeIRSi/gs6I6EfvDCKg6irih9UV4TSJd3HPj2LqVEX6KwOftJa6Gt0LbgXpYWmVsuRloni8zSMh/14TMlKhcX7sXOKS7fu9+5yu0Dnz4ZY7DpzDmiReFIiG0fo4uCx2rK8jUXH3ZytTK1A4zxFo21xRmEsZT2wLmvJgtrLhNyk2GNQPxchJadxC0XyjUBvRfzoAoZ2OpNAF3z6ZqNlkV+xjysqAjiuNNn6Rd2y1zz1BxRY9sSr9SaUKpsSpvsF5S4nVcp2etVgzaOKxVImshTR6z8RzZsEA8hhzf8kBMFIEbr3doHx0j06mgOg+2360f0ocF1sOarZCKRSQcGJ4mWXENhVzlRJk1VIzFlRjcd15LeOuHM+KpF40ebgFln60w/+Iprv0fR2BbsDGevi3Ijj6Wwrjugqo/vxTQt1aYYbQZVezBEynYNUAQ/NGcAj4Q2yvWLGUqZXpNDIs8cnzDuXKgvNQxkZA6N7usqUDQsZE7jL5AcyTkLkUAPOpP+UDIWPSs+kAW4AToKDIPyqqoJhNEMxvMptMjpiKL8+W3QvhlsPGR8gyxUkilBUlToi7moAXdOpzUU9arFNgMWtBKBGyA5JCeloWKHsdBtuLpXWyW8hs2ddWoieWBqZV+jQTPp5DfqOkfTvu7wguOuD9QNAhIOIgbE9+FsTwugSAFN2Xgtwx0Df5CiQhv3rSSxjVDXaqIlXTw4T9ZeCIpsuzhwdmIIkWdqh7GcDTdG7Fx0bCOIM3CbwHtTZX+qDQlF80860YikfJEQXRqEFD1363HgjxDDJza8lY3nRfMv/nZ0rQXuLwazAgR4zxULLskbqhN7ClpTAEx9mRf9iwx2gZ5Q+XkBWvjkwvb7aoboqmfP9CxSjYi75/NoiqKa2poS1CoYyUaD4zZuccu6VR5VuiqMBuks9Q5ACHLxfpqvV1jAVtRsVBapke3ri9OmcNpe5rjfBaHi6E76gTqgwSlAEzsCiD3cmKLkELrx+FvvM+EAsw9MglIYNV0x0Ld0YCeXmiP7wNI7BdzIjressBtQk93a2a4VsrSULVsBr5chzu1u5reu8Sat/j5pkYIwqMaiayRjZFqBdgCrTTAzsuSeJijykzNHLHQ+ijNJ9D9YivQ0uwPUQ+dnULFdHupwBODInrk5N/qpaNglLsTrF7kQA/HFu2o5VYAi/cTjLVq2aydQdcC/CGRPPpwHwPtBM+eexG8sqXtpCwnOoyY7C5QzaRqIu/ptFhqIWuri75xpRmIps7ATOv9ieC+zZAk7I9xKvRVSnA6jLmFXO8dlUZ+zEOYEjmQVHtHosJLTXAWoxUSeOQmnIwoLWgusPsW3vojz5RLzYT3RBfzL6TBxjcQrslGeUKMn0OJokBYP94VJ3rd5uyPukxCYrZXnFDzBnsyCwJ2ItKCkK/G9jJvNf+CaOxA4+7sp5SyYseNgKoZ7PagUve+KPm1Fy0jESjONwpemORTsxi4jlz8Y+ZaOlAEI+kP+xmj47I+1K+Stq1J09Uyjy51c+NPioDOFp2ZN9KFDt1FAyvnNmfRolrk4TJAXI5M+TktZhv4QYGNf1yYy3bEa0nKkAg+3kxi33szaS1QQG1QmIPiEem/IuiRFO7pEUt0jAK7mYGl8umX7GiQrNubMElDBBtFhB3k1Ab2+GcqZHk+t+IMPDczQjEPxndcsa/oy7zKqUOq5Mt0djeDKwbWuQ1m+aITN2vK+0XgMB/PS8ePc3+EEurHgkTsfP2mvovsbWNRj5s2xWaO3ADIA+f1unF7aBchWHZSUTpe/fbr/KTz43mEehGlunDQOhL1cWmFR+A9egzFtL+k/uquVGdfSwucs9KFYtq/CPZF0l+DtxUO8nfRfFDQKWb1a7E9qt18zNcdA5cHvivA5QPQBIGIHuUWbKwWo7ta3bTdAi/rIA5zvegmj9KCJuHBxK0CXLFayoZyvCxmPwdw8lFpErHqDX+qezDXsKAH65ssqoLqkU+tZcTB8fnAqH7rMjBn4YYuVCBOgLibPElBhTNqe3Cq/jV7BVlmERcDraUiFeED1SE+yC3aZH8o8ULdRwGEtmmx+ctsQl6j3ghNSg2SGWdMi9ttoFDqSCtexkDOaH3qkrdoxTTXjshmkSMKRoRHK/2rxyLIfwZBETCJVWnBx0uzTrN+3m0ivtKfQhb/8MnFwDRO00tBPg3l/ONwqqLMpH+W3q9jtWU3wAvC5ZF+6LJRIOTgf3isSKjEw2orDenuVCoCJyeKKn2ViF5/WKg3v4QcSHiCog4CbyGpdCmSPHWHVJ48yGh5vrAPJPSOIxA/aUgk6Fb92UgOtjwrNVPgION8i+wBEOWbKhBfuBsC5ciodLqQ6FK3UkqoMn1+4I3T6hssteULT7tLsyJSoZTpqhHiOZi0ID6C3xLOKFalsfPt7f67JcjBYzgq1SZIifh49F7/+9sI1sO2qYUvzEPpKlwaSVN5/dII0u+7cRotiCEblmxaGnccioPCbrjUqzZEKXwgJaIjtorwOvtXes2i3QXWqtBKFoC6pNpm9UK6G1iJyDL660zOlICFWjUKEF3ytmA8pDHDH81V3yZ7jUvv+4AZEmR/Ezh3UK6bPgosGD5KxAlDsl4FqQ9tSHZ9RUrsjTX2uDzVJIGswHByXuyBPWxanX5bMArhZ3NZPHAsVoLEr1kKYFymnfd9ImzdCvFuqWQnu5xoIMMjwPza4Zev7rGJumrR/hREcTfhMgpofp4p/BNrd7wLUo3gRLXbNNpBfgWxmG+pjOp8iaCqY+eQKk2hHeUCXQwO/rNKEM/nDWWoXj5QyzAfcTN5ybWUPOm1Q9tsmxac3E5+9sQFvBp4YMi4lQ0YnJ5HF/isq1hsoQNrXnlHteaAsg2PYygR6jA9YcfB5Vod4Uef96ohvsX8MtvgffB0zfitIuSi1B4PtkwVZ47gkLqT+8z7R8vzenltsZ0survhGCIyMzcbCNINQdbawAVXFfqzkLpawyXuPsdO//FZ1Md1XbHJqlp8MWH49Qp+Rdd6C3IeWt+9Sun5R4AdwByYhmARDA41+RPu3w8LvECE7t3p3Bh1AtE/OfYpmabZO/useFYdulW1CvqCDrln6CQmZZUiydEA59sOy3UlCsMqLmCvPTWuc2iOTOBOTKpXEN+/JC5KZrZkaF+qNa+Mias2efPNHJ6dBIqwQQ5JDcRUBzKkNpUfGwAQoFRYYjQo1R8bnbsd9jqqFmboO4JbiH0iWs4MNUzlCkgsDQSATknvH6hUXu8i/pR6wdXnAHpwhl5dFNayiNP6zIAt9Q4TmSyCrSJKHGZ8eCcLweL362EnSCuUzZvXchRdzalxBOWYsVt/iLRjTu1i3Y79/M8MCC4FiHjM6zN7tIgof9+eDc8+C3g4NgS0YvLYTg1c+3qi6rq/CnWiZ6WHvlLPHDBW9WPQCr0ztZBID4rjDBJFmxQCUJDWginPFhDeeT61hV/CwX7hZM07UqoTZAI4j7jwDupC/NonYYkpX+cy2BE1sDAdMno6k79dWECzGOgfTquwOacYkEXvFivZSPR8CmDsMK8LuLxb7/p5ZwK+b9Q3I1A9kiuBpYj211yfKfr4i+GkWI6Kd8Fs4u7pYEBIYTQvAr/5kolJ5YRncR4Ub9KZZyVc3oNT2UTf+lnNo96a4/XudeN9OHEnemYVJ5S7IyAnJ6Lltst7u/cqaAYkCZdAtbVBjPyJ+zj9rSR+uspJrrHTZbx5MmJM6PCuhkET7EUhumIDg3mxLu869pGeYhQGuA4SSJ99BZjT5uVPGBp5aQd1QGdqh9TAeCQ97pLTajVUrH72CZ8hjnSMBdR/nFNDVlGIJrLZD9uYuWcAd/39K5xUSSx8sRJ9ldzOHhz8PEVDzYIjEplHw7bQlvjyePmUYYhD2eRS/1UwDW1ar7+BJUxrdWOlpQnpSTIat7oXVmwCsau1zkFWT6heBY/NpNMTAgjKzqeXije0F1EFx5mQpXTrCBK6C9gAiYOVhVnhLFV12KEVLuNAFZcU+GmNYbBk4FRBCRnTb48siIP5wAO5q1948NF+kIfzcsy+D48spZRBFN1AiUWqw3nWnf699JetQMooQIw4kKHNZBnLv+09tosNEBcesxGBgvKZpQIrL83gRk16c81cLU3a1AwLzhj9rJ1/e/HGIjHYvHSl1Aj3h/8E+uH0XY6AF/s4FpmEfwiQBKDIWsszy6qL5YLI/SwidtCylv9EVBy1MO8vRSHToU84PVsoWxrIeqRNjlY4hK/kmvzLNrjwYRYawb8lsRGOYTKP+Fhoblw0UBPKHLnaJmd9U0LhsNdvY5W6MN7cTsPx9dMB6fX7gMcW9KOxgc2Xemkvab6nshqUsHYIM+3BmB6WTN2+Y7VMq/a7PnUQ+pf41auXK8BvKYDtCEWQxHVuxkWQ78y5nPQnlSTV0jvfyo0fF2ebyFZ39BaJLCz1OkPz9rlKQ2yJSURmzGxvFwf7iEZbsyIG5rpwFJDN+lT6kY/dVsDz3f49UP7Sp9BAwNMA/4B5j24R/4p2RsVIabUs6p19AafiUxIrKG3rOys+Kk/Mr3Z0bQovbg4qUr2plmF5bN43RpUoYJLIV/QUZlL39OyiCVosftRL8e3I1q5xc03pLj/mDpcz8RC3vCJEIHK8oH4et2OGe7vK50mJ7vpb6SS/d26FVqIVDwECjMWuaQkcGiVtVoKiKsvI7ofXFT0nvNdNPs3CHVYw2zwhY9/adIVmbWWg3o65meajK8SUvTx62AFYpkG33+679NxgDupCFXK1h4eUlFMnpTEM3iUBnhNlaOMthbhlesFrtNJJLI1Qs6m++VJYG8MpYoV1DtIMcP1os8nbZOu5zDgjkOujuiIGK7rmcAM8RFspF5j7IFLxU76ZzNzFtTtkj+41GGDZz3WjBWFhm1EtQ+tgqOwJd+db+q4Ep6JmvwXOjtcMrNTLcW0Hp1zQ8DzwehkfcGSKXyEWDCqsyS1PX00V+rZVWEKWskbIhDQ7dFRhTgXUQTKjlrjlFNrpxAYuDSkNBVN37seUaE0JbFQm3tLRHlL6aDItxiA9jeZ5YpwQCu1aO3655cKiR86uB0Dwr/AfkBaPmZqqU0+ZGbC4bwrwxTYTUdzK5k4eNJ1p7Bpuesyx7RZErg9YdC33VtMzct7drinAC08FyHCMkSnWLUbGpY/naE8eYTQBMTsQn8krbKAkM6yqXEuEoLsXgHMTX02PrZ7izIhjnaFHaMhJTL7sH7SwEeBJwS/EnsO7JaRT7Tc3aG31GXWn8C+kr7pAgXVXAXCfS/gwCWyKBJpiNkKFXAys2YShbSXRd5HX1F5q37+7lEc/1RA46H+J5NqJUY1fyq7UefJJVdcrTOUfXLbCBQCpJk5uJo6QE/mYXmpAriE7MkdNzVERovcK8B80jEXjiMVVhQnlPtSqNL+ZxbbxV5Cx866zaLikHQB3rEs+8HYCObadXRIT3OYc53egMfl2Hb5/TVlo7FVIWAH8/0NsqXDDNMZve5l5VFwsvnPF/izJeslCsqHANeJ1ehWRF2joHLO2GYLd4RuWsrfHoTvBTpEaIIqVpNEMYlmVd6dgWOp9TkZqFAp1oGTld6BExxuA9y09lUWLW3SZnUKaAVXPCVcR9jCBWfONhUDHXwnxFii4QjzsXaizfCzw6Tzn/a5x/s7uRETWYNZZWVqArijebBS20YYUCF2jij+miis0XpjRz2GruQTkDAPwuOsSTwtSa+mVLpqVhYaKbBc40sXdAl8xmOhNxi03HuXligrnWIImSx8Au0W/4dHP7dCcSDRG+gtyYrOlWB3izbpJTC4+UEx+vCQBG5+5qLgKUiTVywx4WZdS9KLpWEiqJIUNFYADdhGTe08AUSUS1icNG9xcjxJrS6kYbfEFciTs21VgRg6HgRhMGLo82OgTO9j/SxKJJXzFeNWvMaEmqU+0Y2MGq082rgqrrERYorSCzP2hPTSwyUne1jN9inAW1ye9cPMe4KtVKyBAAz7KxQ7u3TnbqiZCCqSAKNkajbk3GivcSm1R3yHXGkhewkCbeqZLuxLxYVGRzaC3c35Na2DBEP+ITmNmqQ1kvT5B7hnjA+HQ1Lz9mmaN3SmjaCn1kQpCKoZbM8qUVtcesEas4rKvcG9DcIhGvSDByZAxxkJL2JDWw37xrH3nqmyt4yht0nB/dcjRBClEIQDD444/0uZ6exATjLFB91xq/HyhQFqc2BDIvua/2QQKXaJ8fSeNOxgElIov9mloD7WH70xESu9d9sPihXqONn7VnqUMOuBUwUWYxiobqD1LEIhEWj8Tlx4HTOB7kDpgBgFsPLHKhlrBvEnn2n9f6/TSzncaWTB8hi/1RPQGmmdCRC/7hEiEV45VhgA4/uiRqPY3e2GFR+iK5k5j+FKVl6AHJy2NDTVNmVEqIncqpVuOJGIWQwAxi2ZRKkUelj4eWopGciURRPGt6DKZDE7nlXqWba0GZd5FVtU+JXAOtm+CyCjWGDEKmTCDSDm6wmMu1y1wFRoiRMjQqqYQyaoXudGpF7tAKTWgY3b/nUzpgotQfwPraXIwUyV1jBMfFfJ6jIsl8GskEaMRh7mJkl4eAq3INHDx4slb3MAOl/IX0E7k3x+RhqMKFnXDT5gReaVPYJEmi+tIDWJOj9kQEaI/CWuGB3uFkNDWvAZ6Moty2wpxycTsZvtXZYdaGgnjSiyePn5vcNl+0YOnax2R2b5NJsQEmOKpuEBGNYQNdBp02JQmrMwbDF5fmS/8nuznXoMxXsnbXIBzcA2nV77PoSDdczYSIhQKkw8Fnarkai3ajLtRrie/o+JsPpGQ3E/IQvzUFV6AT6TipsXF9/t7h851zSpiMcSYidK4DySXSouDizcFgrGz9nVJu9srQxpPlX3TfXtmBk9U77lvEiKteExDEH5V6bqU0iLF/o+uEFmslvK+a7a1vwFzGTiLW/VLREXvxtVBaYJesNQ1iz5SMvUhcmsMY60aKZycIV0JlxhiIikSeQ+P0UkYJLiJc+BXIphvJqBnkTVvCKqCJ3wDMo7erIJenXxAoFJlCu0OKkRJ4FeevHcE5NbDQyKeW/Rv2g7pUAULSvVj3VkN3M4KsDZJMAuVvOX/USUEga5ikOqWMNwebDiJQwKdYSLJY5FkcR+YtXTDtIlQysRjjw5G/B5c2Ob4rlgLLASOEsh7BLBCAbjMLPl6PCX4fZUyEGQ9HNZQz9xpHZChLwp1Je5G/iRJSyqFtHa0C8+MmL8ygag/Vf6RSFRGeEecTJO76UDcVru6I9OjByjs7Mwb56Ek6HrDFbHU4UiTRug3K1wBpNYkBZ9LnJTQFYqAglw+kl3Z2UaH3at5NgmBnQ55RKxYtoTSkUh4nSFYYCinAPVQ9lmmyo9+3z2X2T58ihFXBcR9urWtO8uZ1HswoivzUn6NVmHGAl8GgIKH5pUxtry2NmWCczGdNAJ68PhjeviPAnOypu8MrTF8jaeJD5cObEWtB9ziakeFTDbt6tXzZ4HuSPGtPWRL9wSWhJPu8hM8aDEDw1JcWgb7BfrYqBGC4fF5ku2xuVuTCpEz4MUqP1wnLPXVasRI+erpjVyqmLALuFCMponxs/NhA7iBaPR6LV6X3JegAp2U6ekLSb2kaF/BDDMx+q7qAve29iPEl5WfL84GvEMSTejZY50rkP5PWkX+y7dwph1cR6dQMglFRF5FE6/LU2kwfbPIXb1vgI0ISukXvvaJL/zuNSo6FIqIH1V60uH7axTU9QhGJuy3pImWX1qTF1Tq5YolkqVD+W/skwx8bfBVWpFapKRGcTY3eIwJnGqgT7mtkE7Uaw07nxBNbK6FS7H8Dvfrp6vZ4aJEwQgHn098S0lNO5bDB1/2wSSrZMVHclAruFvWDx/5Y9+nBMkXlGb/laxEkgDmxhqLiDsKS9Xk2BgBGpVgGBqyUQH3hDlgAoW6xjiH7xQ5T3bwmhdhNEruHo7FSjMZzRGc2UKMG9BFQ7jtexGwswbbohAX76Fx1u44BfFUOaWvrlhcgeoymIrxrXjp9DVETzZm6fhsU/ExivdtKjlZZfE3gIqti/dct8fP7h6mtLxRa5REz22HmTjTngPVYhqOUnRKFbS0UBnLFhA3aaspClqIoWr5QEA22VUBBRXRskfozJT7Y7T9cfUzDxxftF8zPDI+/iCnG1LtIaLmnzkCSS4xadvDP63e4VZsXlcG1wT9QnWGJj1BZH8+ZtbE7YS1R4H+p7xEiRi6wUAVyvkIellTec3cb67naYS6aYrdrlNPYRY3HByl8eVtQAHoz6e2MaRohEaXsllvawzcEo7daevMmo/e+9oHeFhxb+RSNui7poxFKdNBcmVasv2x770Ge6mjTJKtphI8jjoe8tWjReSrj4Qh2TJ5W+Y3QMhRDU6rgjgSQS+lJDMpM9syqaHgRt3MjY0H5cAJ9jr40zEB7qpU+k80b6SuWhssxbmMRGhdGhJhK0FcnHgcAFVJt4w1x4L3E0MXs3cjrawZRe9e0Mi8g1QUwruOPMQM1Pflv/jLR/5bej/6M5qHuY0+2vJ2gZy/XTeS9pZON1HSQu8NsRobmsOQmFkt51BDJAUaO5VhrYCgWmluzGBH4GNX7kipTjK2ncz7CT9sq8UNv+lqghupcw9KRdL5anYVI9tILC5XPBjxCnZrcLFXQSgaOgpXYTCHfunXfzypU4gnjDIDP7qIQ8ASdeGeyqUrlYAl/P+KA71k7AosqHJ8PX+9pGqjlFQG9cYGzALEVQ+/yh7VkdwhB0ramWLC0l6OEVWRMXmk/tVF4wNqv81KhLJKwRJjmGM0iMcTAmEJHX/XTVs37NSii1knuPLwi3H8gj330n/vKutQ+t9h3DtJ+pLNWnCoH6Gx80TcJjiHuqdfo2/Tme5qmZr+Kx+HNEN9PLe8AqWuJ6VhAn0ja3mwV3pEZV8JSPWprHLkfOhiRUEtXUWGobIvx3IGaxxGR4Io4uDeb/yFM1dwAUR0yFkULpL86I5Fu1VApa2THdUcNpaJtSwBJcuXwlJvh+cW6pKwx35nNtthhu5JWZtvQ2mezRoh5rH0IOOxKhiT6nsEvesheVs4EnwnoIf82LLzByFpQG9tMFnmc4hP87JviBb0GAmosEKketEQRuEUN2EfMHZG1JAjy2ohIuuqDY9TTaGEx7oOOVbc0BuUz3hD6+5pGPF6q1H2IcV2ZDvINUgUo5ybOVjvPG0ocWGsxrhBbjURQw+0KdnRjhShw3hgJMHKYSNpAc9cUfVN0hV92CoNHci14lYhuK51pDgi+DS/VBCUJ7uZiy5v/YYFByDVwjr+TEINiUg9Krxv2dVLCggKmYHGpSnm+siF7LOWzwZM8lZBUa4ZKo1mYzChaTSK1z39CLjNiyJKDfvEi2RPVVEUnLNoWHboNGEUoiGz682TDvCAcaI0TGN4V3XbVUauJVTc0QRQ2uEGEjsoyeKL+0xaHicaaGgiaZ9qKkCg289FruagekKsUB0YYYtBcYBCFpPCqUC1S34mrnEn6dTJIbLYIRFGCgXOyF8uaiGmf8MNVFod1zafQowMz0SUrkLX9/SUyQHNAwxlDBJW4FiBun4NKcDxVav3bKNd1Lbld2doaK8QLql226WU+bJ+UMXTvJeGVqflldW4GOzYF9opGQv4SdTbsiTkXnSaBDxZIoz8EKhHTu/6atjT/3kgYAVr4jDYObdwbYTHfL55Ms/MJEuYrtwi9lipVQDSfXusvZ+dZaiAY1l3BD0FCaIyXZ3q+Z43R/FxSNGIdRzReRCfGVJNcKTauxLLLBLxqzJnYay5CUs9nseJZFLYy6YCis7/ejFRaf4nhIa3ZZCeqARtwZibySYxFjomvmhnygdcwljOSTbrmjQrBWaoItOzW5TOt/R8RXNdJfLGILKNVlTp9WHJynBtfiClVvKrQ/HncIBeXYBG/eDnEQlFZ1GABYKqXPQSSsnzCoVxJ20McSFikaAgXNh/aiIeaJzTkuATZIebh8lS6cYXcQK/i4P8/J4cK0uGlGI+0U5TE75zM/jrQNoBY1BiIqKNBR8hx4p+629Pgm1VUMR4NzCwbnz5otJPdHhNZf9+JiCmcCGBDmc/kNLAdLZAIkgUS1fXNqdE6SfYS4dI3S+RdEujv2kQM1B4ji8YdLBchnR4hEZohNECmz1pyQarvO+8HogDlhlnhzqxOuBwHYKXCSw2AwgWMzTZoiyaVv4y3Ee+yhOCaaEM6HIk46MwUG5cldXbouE0ivfoVPO0LIW5jAK/qq7tzgmjwL7bzpZYeSAJN7zKAP06kTAzC6BGc7x0YqcEXSZu7wTeOVDLV61TaiacbjwxCfLVUPGRa7EsGaFuTG+3sWDWPn82A/5R173gCRKWPmYBA6UEn4Xo+5DsaYvUBPSFCDakcRqNGqf9K6AgY5eAtu3OPnJ4yCkcberOIDNOhIDKnU5jgtF9f+1z97m4tzT5MJkwpJpnMfuUISEZzm3M9thR53YfZm/Lrrsfkyrm+pLhCq8AH0It7PDVnXfRgHdwCTnPFALDq9zjdHr5JbQqU9OzP75+417V2BtvWfk4GLfhz0FIXqQY8jF27u3wndEkIctb45jFSrPHyyu1sA3elj+b/PQSB0GX6cIYY87ayA/Trc/5iGyqJyybA5Grob/1KCp0t6goWci2yW3IC67HQSqwB/033PEJIQuZIE1pR83G0ytR53kyElGex/382w3qOWoKOzpjQXG6hTXdvVxdZ10wrcapH4n2AJVMIDDTvwjwv+dCWZwlc+KGEiXvIMoMOR1z20i9pPj5VTqwXwRMc1265CFz5/uJ3t8WGoloZeREta5gJCg/a8+DcqlAvHhlwYv5XFWHILMNtRrC7MkktTwjBb5FycVp3DKJy6NGWUGEMzmAxNCJt9u1sUQG4wun8j6NFe2iMOqFxyrObCX3j4Mmm7Rw1jH6ueUq4DBB1suLZui9rgvcvdorBioze8uwKh/CadiJL7r9hUlfckp01qiqOBLQpIshZ/1wKvNrtaqmqSywUShAhUsbUd2jJIVWMoQzxTpM5BYEazZyBCkmnb9LdvwVYncsXFlmy8csp5L7S1nMOSDwYDhY9DJInOtNRB1PP0Lbaow4RUC/phSBlCl44g9MJH17GxOnqXU4aOA7TRbDUBss00AblXFl/ly6rcrmVemb9NPZWX7eKc6Zav7pBB2qPhr+HvDMnofF2aN8nebPjsto4R+AYdgeSHiv2yxIhCPTCArrrJsauFBwD5SeyJJFaZnGkHzWQAjvhhXJWDfHYlMSyvfF9lYrO8ghgYaZmA/pHsEmR7K/d2VaqreuSrWpRtcCZCCCjw1Mrm9HRfAHBXT60FstmUF9xLlv/8ipcu2ayz/ybg/aPNtQEqNbxtKupd+6ajUF0qOaZ3YcQ+PqBE0aRWJFXoU2YmeREMIVDI/vMEiP49XyTZOHjEFBzm0gj4uPsf4dCu+GDc0tgiUUtNsL8xvaNEj/sglzDPDUx+VEv/sG4RlX/bjqIQdUJisPXC0/OAWCiJdtOB98LIJ0NMvdAgJDk+taexS6fcTZQUXOMa2Vya+5rA0264hTD5j3xrV4gEtZZ1zkn9x5Otktx5TRQco66Ugfh9TzMDiKZHuCSd9x2n8RdCG3i4N1NhqZ6BQ0AKFRcbW0EBjHAM0XXkyh5jrIz+O1JgIY77ivEar8HVsHQjhjD0r1hsJJLSNBmAm6ItY/IdMvr2DUQHk/MvYpnIW5cerhVHEN/tFxSh8StKvR5agDDF9s5mwyL0Yny8BgajQQR2X4MG4I9UNVbLPw4sTPPYs2SakATVdjcbm5Fa1zuMlaSfZJ0w3kBVhyBeZ1HAnr+RRF5EWf6tXR1UDGvnRxUKJ5aya1TF6v5ZIg1sU1vvwi9RYSGnH5b5KuwPRNPtSzVQEifVO1/siNSYEsdJtXSUpfE3DckoaOMl8YavKl475Pn9gd+cGRBRO+3Ca9hMDpAHAPdTcQEeqSAypN4AGCuCZlNrlKbSHd5DcvjpRSHaF4IGkZ6Wd2pGZfFxI4jwB7JMlgNg9Jgzp6PW976KblnGl5jhUia9Box+jknqW8dwN3qgQYEnvY9ogeQhyetVh+fYs0hU8zB3erms+XiFCdeJUZn57l7sx9Bhh+KB3lKY6k8jRkOTRfIqkI6A1aOsP/raQuI6iVCmoFKrQto9YkfwNWDXwh7x9tjGS+PsORO3qXILxTpyaPQEHeTjM0w2Pzs8c4D7Wpqx7LTj2z0jUvoiVRsMSUrijyRBFBgt8EK5ufsV+dw51Day1OR1z0R3M+OkZVsMb7AdWKGelUXY2gJmM6C6jYgd7miMIreqvbzaB1/gyrEG8fbyWHd/Cob/aZjoKX8SqI2XJA5EIEQm+WZmLz2tyF6sBhpMX4wjoT8gTCisouI39hZIDvyZTJExqqmauE0iuChnTI/2h4fS3fflZayeSEfWVpIiFJG4iItrq5D/Wyx2dBgTRo9/ZGfitGPrPote1iZiQWZWwgppIYySk9eNtH5LDlOVZUsiQvGGPD7bbquk6Q0RbfqhXYA9NnoThkcsMeSyjC8qYmhioJSvjCTmIb12SClQ8aYNGudAWC6bQgKfnYJXAWY2rf18M529no1jwDfcazR9fcd9QcC6izfUiQrhY1twyCeOsbtZKSWU05d8oBOe7LEyAdvJ6ds7somtp81HCn9gBxCsItiIo7RQXoBMPGiCM6526AnDVorf9anXmBSe2op7oeeOCcy32uhldHCfo9GbPdgm7dhrbs+hf4ht+NLHdI3O1rwPQACNEKFIucpUnpUHlcCYnOdePNLw+gkVYt22LfNjnHQzmFAT0gRCoWmYAKW67vBpxRlwWCgtO0QLMwjZIjDve2bvbF/WN9lk8YqkFSnwuZ/XIvT4gCxFaTepAVlqWYloMhOI3kc2dToOKAIBt8NzS1S2uu5aKg61tCxHfwbxZ+4kV7FhWsrWLeNMuBarvpRUI01nTzUbTBa0uJU0nobcVeDDiUBJGiJtOjkXQg/HH/RQRSG8oHlH8h0kj8NNaUAcQRp5RGAa54BniPCfoMnNIj5Y2+szmERNPtL27Qa9rCMiEF0atmC04ZQJFDHwrHm8WwF+UvKEhgWb63Q7S40obXd2qJ0SEAa7dWNEXV4fIok7FhZmb660+/7mAUHE72HUIRQMzuyDYG/c7nU5yh6p7N+4NQFN3h80QjgOoce+iQEJGKXwVSvqyPaVfb6YRKwk35Ir3lY8UzmfVzQiWbn6+bqw++Yp6PZF4AW/U9CLUkxA29Na1ARF5OErFLF+lxZIDX2yPutPPHPdjxyeTxGTIj5fcZsNNWkow3YsDaofjg25SpLbWIAF6XKT22gaQegxN/hOeX95nHmkHZDRqtMOcqymboM63n3I3YDTFsPS6XEAgGRNvlWoZoqaQ2iOHajTVnXSi6QGrJigFEtozxA7PHzYC2yf9tfT1KNaPJQeI/7xZK6DsSZKPi5JKAvIC9malOAF7iFcIPdhGv4vOHzrLnHoUpjbjL2NMeJYQwVMNVnNSxkADFYRt58s1rg/Mx/BhvUgVd+N+klL31Y8qVzdHKWzO5bc3eaIgmEFZeYX88HGONkc8zibmPxvVddx2uRgkyx2VelF71o4YtcI8Bvf15f9i91Jt6IhcUQiPilQZ0ZAf6+4UCfIaMc7TpDSgjbsqtBybKTQMDRLWjRyeGMkMqsznJC0zBycaG50zkcp32EojVPDvnBBohjsQNbwL3QhhCREe0yGtPPfN3vSBziYh7gqZWZ5IOQJIYb7us6wNPNRZ9zlwH761LxrLen18aAHmzkKABJSmyV/wkhanjsT9a3o+WL1GW3yvx8IgciIKJ7bV7odWyPgasvkhKoLX1qbIrSF5Y5XoFqsevrUOReUJR7KWp67pAtsnEAEdyH+GUkMCxJdY5da4zMEquEnAfl5lAI0PJiVl5Ajpax+N85nR6D6WwPdjmEdzpkWPJtWd6MLqLjomeRQA0DV1PTAdP5t9oKmMQn8a2gWOK6viS+lNc1OHoHAubLhTpsYw3HNBWvSABoQqsVS/nx969o+xPjGcbdWtsMA1SacDouS/H6R03claBHy7ZEKVdrZbDgNO907qmrDjpX+JfcXv2+KY1pVSiOvk1NCzRWK1zozzpbrDjWRXtWcHQ4Way2x0yB986dDsPbCxc08qh42w0kbmJaYE+GlPSvYnA3H40htIIiEs7gzAZMKX+RumNBAXcih2rPmZN65DDGjF2ZFMfcmLFh2EGy5bp8lwvw9tTYF8R5HGzeICj4pT/aiNZIZUq93TcMmrNVTQow/IcMcl4zQwwCLrr5nUGQGGnTa+fkVlC/lMlZOieQ0VsX4YlXq21ea66wPWvP3NhM+iYoSqYFjxwGUqLdp9hdpJamwiPuWfkpwb2ci96XBWLr353qEzm4AVpbTpIGWBMBDvsjf8xyOYSl/FmUT9T33I6kTOxDNIOdDANMXYgrVDqNEj2XRlWFAANYIkP1ELx+B9ty0F/6uCQqTz7GUBWbUdC/9IIChW0FrrMbjPeuxASVCRY+4RzUedEfWU8MWTO50FqeOpNI3MHkSUU8wnc7cejQo//pWXiVKqJGtTXAAp7jyKqflRgJm+48gkWLlKUVunCBOgLZVrdzUKpZVbl6h6zqk/cTSOWrZ7OshR8dYZhbCIaSaV0VTmfBwm8m05MMBshTYzAr5ou59M0RhInJJVnGvl/jkpknsp74RjWFANs5O5ZbEssrSA3XMCgVhaSxbzcP59bktEccihFWZsoizgB2JF8T1jtZAAJXbxlhTNr3C3qw0FQzgw4CdvztKDGsGJRkNN606sSNfwGMa7WmO5KDl/yKwaTAP5isHEPYhvr8NkFxfPVZ1AQ7FK6Ado2mqIG680psV89LlWBQQ0LM5lbx+PonplKk7th4iX5FmD9nRqSNWhavaFy3FzPfI8Y58Rqt6hrFd+qpNGp3K+oaLIVikUTMcDBPGzTldDkvH1wULpcR7/Sx3lNw0jkHhj/Qil2dxeJfl4QCpnLLqSAOIoLTSbuS7wwmgTp2NbIkUv2KGYfC0U7zhhfKtn9bYvt0h+9Y1e5VkgaOU2Rb32QTYteKTJOK7bMvLdfYhLUu1wNK52BnYKGwuAg7RWNY2WGBsYGTzxEB/T2ntgVr0/kb1Ok1PT3eHUzN4GCRcMTVlmUlLxoYuXQVPOSHhRnTQQ+Fq7xf/Oa9HYrJZr+PbCJ9bB4Je4D6QsMClSwlEhqo7Dl6E4Fsud5E2NoOOAJl0+BJsnAfyGd20R9b+XpwLBuS+57fnCc+rqTKcXJm2qqN9UUNnT1D2vtJLOo2wFmbfJ7aBSyRE9gRoFSfGH23J9nL1yynx6m+gi2a/yUoCGFitpsQZkd0BBFPwFyJNZ2GEkJp3tpb9ri8KUYMJVD022doFyGfb44Lk1FJLC1XJ2r1gvhyIs2ZOroy6vVA3FwnRybzXwTlgk7G7PLKjPORbU59TLZMjXI+JKTw7uUQ+/fKm/TEwPoxmh3KPXLxaaPbjMapPjek8m+cv8KCbJ1hh1QoTfdQ6lL9+bgDifMtbhLy8N0aVY0fZuE+EDTZ4IhFN/rNi+jv1TnmmZ+bXC/4iHu7KlzPgQJk8QDoyefnzuNHAYFOwptrFmFzJ48tdoKcryX66Chuiapje1tYfBr0ORXUk3XDSACCdwX9nMoBv1b4rqaeTWD4jBzFpCjQ34wBk9MMWP2K7pUcXWkSSdUwCtDvI9VQ9z+SCwDqlglr0XfrHSvpvi2Y9FoJ3KTY2ASbvzbAFeIe8ufQ1OgoW1bE5C2GJNEPk0vYBY6XxfzDMpQMlNptE0Lqe6xsMjY6Gs6ui+FPXM84VUQ0HPuGIBMu8URpS8Xgak8/tqXRGR7AHapseh8ab2k/eHxWu5VEH8G8SL06LvOwtN55tV3t+WRliuzrNpupnQIhLzWUXqH8247B89duYrkmWmaBNKwe3LjrLMQWGc35cfpU4bIGdCDHwi6QafYnD2WApdwaqIAAHYobeuoTgd/zG0wr1O7ywYa3R6CFPBg2iCl5nuVBoRbGaIpDSaiDqGGb3jbtcV48RvTK/80XOHXOhQEK75mmdvb9JXOGQ1hMTiQCjAF03HLEAOtE1rCWe1JLGEm6WhkC63rNZLNomVtASvwi5wrQDfNGtCk5oAKYEc+a8UPCMM/B/ZRsAlhgM+ua6nEcNtdM4AtD6eiVraHwyYslYXYJmAN4oPInZHcVD3gGP+egHE4VXEEDJ11IB1zslC3Uu2n+axSOwbspY1ncIsZGCGpS4oaegjRH73mTVNHJn7Fv94a+cVMwz5UQMWk0q0FC33ic/5aA7Fe/TeP0yFBZbBEw/HqcYHCSCyJw1WK1QMILbth0khbi81kmKABRsC2ybGYC7ffsg7kCOMNQNXT2lXAhrWi7kPKL8OXQH1sHgNyWaIbo/fUf6nDZhLxvy2e0QAOuMD2XvMu3QdAnr78V7O6yoPORjTRGEgNuQHJONvXxAaJ5y3gdZbk1sCVB1MZAyfXsbfKCm8csBOdwIjdP4ZEdxo0gQgKNEslSzePH67rdwAVWns6gh89nlDHPA8Xb2QAuwircOzvax+iReBR1JBjGMr/GmXpS7/unTXHkUgS6eysgujy0pCp+UyW99NsMg8RABjYQ/aBkOBAPWps9uihLJhvpcpu12dipdIzUD6tUasbC1XHZzb7K3IxrsoGrvMSJWtiNBptnrq+HMHKYU7+T4wJLWTfg2HpeU5luipQfffXiHVBcUs67oOm9SKswVfd3s0rlXjnlLwAk/xoIhip4gcXlKBpQMA/pBNv42dLoHvAGQumdPPJdNPA4xS3+pDBpbB6BLjwTERDmnufzLwqxbQbB8RuLM8JKLmwzIxCtce5tKKYjxvQr7LwUJSy06ORUUxzGUk6TqxpGR/m33E2TZ6/ufjtcA5SL7jCTsw1gb6M7k1d+hEioVga1vvjS1OUPME+hXMYNlkQb4W9g8BPeb1CRHKWx6McphTbVYPDoFRZghVhQX2nV+5jjVNkg2jU9Rdi+OXdZjSTSBKOKApKDbGrOxPENl6E0/gOxuXfD9wGu540jnQ7dvsPsiSPSBycHvQmHSXDZbVuhQZfgXyszxkLhSWh0bUt3FFDgyYmRhZxyoSa8hHb0StsMWMru40HB7Qn6dJoDGVOxZJWxnHj1J1I2XpWBQ9zwMk3X3FuGSChaKYXyqS0KsvxyDcGxEr4wXeOCNPSplo04eFzFrsvV1rQKra19di++xwqixkvj+d+2INUvqZXbBJs+X8eQj2PqykzJ4SxOBMKKoKtxA8Bb3zDjrMddivhKof1NPnFzT4BkUymxaICOm/GBtYBCJiNmzLYR42PLoePm5WnErJdot5EJoUMrwM9vTXF47urjhXzWRdIltCpF8NTyoKOAFAgKSVLRmZaOU3S3hxHrfFS0JnYOkDMrO5ic997wU8hg1ZwuPgUi9gyVle6r8GihtoCux/0gMyw9FImTs14G8DhpDo3EajS7zITKiRGdWf6CtfkVwQHRU4Gaif/YIBbLmirfh6c4BsMAl/gPfJ1RKFb3VBjjPaaGIREi3UKDH8Q97o6GqMHIEFkyZFRx229HZIyJi6T3cIYGxhIAIgf4oprY24cuOylNRcsJRt2rwJrB1mdyO/PoR3bfbMtHGktA0WFUELSM9Pc0hnKseKNFO4F0pDDQrpwLY9PwQ1phAr3sWErbRVjBj84JB9quYwKxCg5lGHEUjDDFmMFRMlcxzsnwcUE2owr4CwWM5Nl1GDAVLIeh5aNU2yOhWbw+iBFpKqwpwuTSgTY5pjGY4dA6w+HRaR9BmUCwCiiZCyJHLkiSvFi4hjR1U4nDJcQ/uVUJISJVUGOg37bExo5BHEavJBC24M2FsRx1tlUkf+U/HnzRf6pzD6TIxPqzyUMtNLHxr/hVxuOnErgtKSYK/8phh98dyG6gMYtBu9oKRFlG3WV50mUqg0FI3SAvrW+EIGABsL4yImrgAbo38MhXiVfJmL1/s2A+sDvKoRdfpIDautgLIkBml/deXSbbY0mhvvCO2JzFYHSiQIcObAqAizAfdwuCu2SkFzueSdQLuFdk+N+QjOR3LLRc+7sHI1K/qID36hwf4LwYJrpQd6KGabhRkA1BQMtFcDjuwrv1l+cnPfBcCZRx134xQIwtyYoBrDtdzyGKYn4rm6/BBSslCSUGqEcgF49ESV6otUOE4UCy1/X8uiJr2RVuvOpaeLhDVfPhw5DDy+xTKw0bqU3CfxC5JkzNvScTJlqMOJxMJ8nglNTzdyYgYLn3RylwE6AF55oHg13YJsa3UUvT6qTc75JDcDzssDIHRszTxCz62dj0qwF4WvkSNSTT1xvDbNKEn+W5SkCoBjVr/WCM3mIu0j3iGjOjJon5+q1YUfW14h5rnkjfmzZ6261XTmz6EB7ILMrj/3oB9Hgg32Q0SYTs9bjljJ2uHOmD6S+pH0fKByQI8tcHOzttat7d7BsjEjf0I86fiqWe6aWr1edwVUTAyi+lJJqMuZVUfO0Xtl4UF6v2cuLq1A2aQQ535wla+1+sEcgWmIywH8+k4xwDYj/OA+DRTKgYibcDf2jjyKX4xQsEY8ta0eLqqMCZbCAbJbdzsCoQuMCRCWkFfL/7b/DkYElWoIqrIQJqYoyNm4wG35XBFC37ZC57Jasu+8E9VuCh5Gp21fvSdKQCihFf9OSDpRzqr+QiQpTCK7I/phniKbKAvzPHbFj6HxeTXXEy++ylUPwMMHjucbRtQ2v5czw5tYGn5Hdceib0nLKu7Q8N7V1LQyjRGQuR9Krci49Ym4nRtzLZ9GxRPbL9Vcis336TWcJ4GXJdkh+66h+CEsSGEEoUUsRWs1DdAhdIR2wi6X1iWLnS1wRgEwb7XHC230MZn/CffgaZPEu8ikq72aHI02dK5x1mk7OaJClIUdRAbp1bsL4xmI/N5FCS2S8bIlwWQWt+xRaFYSnmCqeIFGDWj0j0jAvJgI/dZrDCXZ/L86bwFAEEMsoheK3CMM6msM7b4vpBue+cU1ASIJ/rAs4QDfFv9gC+HbRndNKji5IARR/o+tx2HlWA/hwL7hxcZ/GH9Z9sph7pGlp7w1LBHmZrJqBhWlTnKe1llmhKf1dGWD1Ir90pVAJWUBrqtCdBLCG7cmguO9PrjmjVaYuNXue20YxY5VTqd59B+2BLzNxDZUnay6u0B06unlVADFQ5OJd4ZSnBxlkahZNtAYsVVZzrHW5FwAS5KhxUJvQqDFwdDCQVPi/idGY9mKX09awS/DtFhjqkP/5Rei1Vjwcj12vCrmf8rpnS4a/tqytf6SzPzBPovRx1eUDTXEMCvdxZe6uA4Nqpmt4FiwR0oMszoJxYBmsf8HFN/sxRgvY4qa+LObxLZPTe4kpg3sEP6CBcj/kQEIFv727q7TK8XmMNjWIJ63Ctd51L5Pmo+pUvnPX3R1TrQyqcBHjH5sdUZ5FlLXZxuZSrRn+ljvApSDGSSPGHAVn/C/QQzZ1ETge3pKj4zeiiAVYhPgJqvfdOEkZZWmCCPZzKCEO6gQjSCgNn4CTfDIInba4qeFCUgnOryZs2JhEji0trBU8X9HxkizqvvHrnVIHJxwyzpxviDmYh1zvbR/J5JEdqJOEM+0cyh6bgV9Bd+vMaGjBwzGHqSNWJjYZY/z4ReEYUpehYA+77Rcjhajwz1BdY+zzsTfI6nglriUOs/qQRNzL4FqONYjab9V0WNYo9YJ7/JkIZ7ALhquSb4cSEjBUKYQK8V+jXKkXC/Qp1NwRr7ui6rXrkuddOmCWQN/vssrucDJcA3L8tQYXtCBl/k37tdjiQm2SX3OpetRWZoCSqUM0r5FUGKM1wYtddSzjG1d57AM8vMEh/a6aQbludDG0PuS6IbRZvXtScZvehzfUW1yPSO8W1yLzupE10B9Ymyh6BjrDPmb0qkH/oT5yMnkRoYHlTCTLIwGgdRmVo3buWOXOC+1caHsBfLE4XUgPv02AMqY7G/rP8ciXFaiRtMNyCMAfUNCsgWd4iYXcGrtmCHI8jrJKwpx9OYaIcoE1mkxTH9KK1m3YKafxSdVMyBVBqozjUDBDdr7nPyjXgrQ9LRnmwlP5qo36FN2LDWv4WBAyYH0b0umQBpwQdSFmQEMco8ZvARmT1HwGgj4qBh+58aAue37Nw5vM0bGjv98Ai5iQxpkXgmejdmYiJVt9M44s06H8V7/o13/XwY9raHqhWShRQMB6GCNMERQOTSpIyjtlMomLtVTw/dIlL+0D8hBH/ueR73XkB/QzOoz7R5HS1yPPX9DOD3fsFw1DJQ3hZYYfuZD0AFTKjFPZSzmBJVX0cAT+Ob3nF7h11SaYz2HkgQKqjIUwNh+/tMiJm6LFMxcHhq2gYCNqcs6ArHWIm+HSLbizCsig3L1toY/H4w/kMuD6Lwt/DG/K6yO8KmTW4NPFMxiiuxabP30kZR9FUE5JeuBzEH2wg7IYOjKOf5CL7PDbK5P/+f4vydYPB544P9pTyCxprIjPp+m0ziEJLs6hbgL+cAfgkqQ8qEfqWtAEMZnycc/VVAjwjpcEXUYciCvkzsPrhoKbsZWVbJX2kXN/zhMKvQsenYdoz0fMv5Nrh3VANxn4xQPhRnJYR1sPqUKgVMyj4t2cW3L8ZTzEacCaw0erC/6Tbc7OYYdEOXMVZiFYJe+ElZyj+wkK/K5/YP9MIdOsc/TEaDLc+bJ0jtCfzEL5fz7AFQfgv+ZGFnreYZ6od7Hc5WVKn5L5ZQ1KKj/Gyb+fqI0NETYWlmkYaZ09vNiboXApZ3Xu8YunROP0TlsZo+TJlb5EUCqoEu8DSeiN9IMiIbQ1eMmUdrXQd4kG/yWasugfNBAg+C/RQ0gKrK6nuuMySW8Yadlrqcqjc5BU1xudIq9koug2WkMbZOITh6Oxu1VijH55B963TEkUxLlNwQNVeymhR/qhoQTlot5N86FXsoNvptS+pjLuj8oM5WAk7zPl8J8+FCYa+DGfnMUwG8QleLmXr3yojBQKTAqKqVjsoXOWbAsrmyMPTeZbzZG5AAIXkopnWASrcaSM/SUugij+NgIiFTJCdnfxDgdhV6VLVmPqa37Z1dDsu0xN8Dc4OpkrpHR+OyFzdAQ/ERzhYzfgu4tHk1pWxNpABbgIGZlCUM1HXjOCeEASiPCK9OqUD9HYMiSn5zvLge8Zu5lCz4rbfFLcfwNcsk1fHV0Z4vk+YBiKzaRxee7o8D6NfiOQWf908t2HCM1iY9uz9ivyfEm+DonTLOGCyULGy/dKrpJm7gP/1Nwsk3P06QRwRnc+gyyo0TGrcv2/feoqG7cDMH3lTqtrcR+g6qrK6jGph9u2kNYjWnA1f98bFFT6eCZI+jg9vvkkNYIXPrt11hPeCXigz4gSaQWjPAdcILLHhowdNMyhslEzXAMuMDoM9WPrebHZAE5mi8J6TOnzkjCtBoj2BP8Trg4Lr+goOgMMAH+I9VWE4tNz3ob/x+CR/2eOd63lVJ3zInfBlYoegW35t2fYOjPmiKfNzOuBBWSkIJ8NlTP83TBdqZG6Co6Ja4Yf1cDotb/4uAnTAXIyg8TWP6TYcaw5L85GgW0dd1bCg0m2U4DPv3MttvZnDscXnKz2WNSlMkZqQ+Gwk7Ep1AzhMQHNXch/QGBnAL/Kx1mQb35DB7TDFYoeycofFGkG6UQpr70+QLGjvXUDuzrOiyBiWMUR+k7K+zaVUM+IXL8P8Fq/f4Z+zTlhtsrKTtDjJktgxPXdHPT6XDfKqb/T++Dr3DAMojTeHyaTUB9gfyN+KYHGrwSxDWS/f2voVaQkvRDUGlj/ulv2B7LnAslkvMlVOnb+czMv9jZS1GwcWulmFAKTHspXH4YeidRFX11rMSp6pJ1h/gyd04v+yHfwn3Mb1ttajUC7ZcfPKaXuyIsCxgHrAG/AcQA64BvC/XbXfziTzQeen8rPag7Pi8wrQBrABVg3mfqTpq+I5CbzF/AKSAN2AVYB1QBf4HWQUWq+AhFrw1BnMDQKxgPBHHcD470eLEHq4AfdWQE7hpAbqQG9AbcBOThAgBTk6nXFKVKaGrY1szPDmr/++qmKTSmTmPY9BR9n2PJPSUnRFPw64pJgofShhRhIvHINKoRTg5vhlT3zvXun13y1FNQU257tt1/EDbHJt+OK+kCwYqpxftDelCzioCiJtRTwgxjsDTQc8Uoo9AC8QQ186C+SgrvX5JUJCSUxrYK5YvpfqKlqZp6pCuecS/DDGQaQhyLO8EoNgMFGD5qgRKVX072t1rrzj+7Ks23zaj/MJGZpfl2vVX0pH759NfnW9l/FWXd3cJ6s2nHpBCaxlkv4QyYIsTO80ttBekgpcrPFdmX3V/33Pq+zsujONeM6JZM7c0fGM/HDDekhpuGc+aZ/V2IGK6YU0w/fTFU3z8EsW+VPZ/vhONBDrHUBLawuoIUVEq/UoggbIyExP3kKW92zSs33+a9m1l8k7h3Xw0ZMq487t/VrpanfHQS6Z5WKKdUobrHNu+O+YBJrnaCRgDcEAAYNr1yCEQkYQgwZaNwXibu1uFrdf+CZZf2ma0wThkn9FLXBme5t9c4YpBp/7Zre1CyBJrGWkBZ4QFjV4QyvBMfglTd948w1xZyyrs33F7T8vkhXeBvDJBTSSLxyRsYkJEiSFRqZk0ypo7nM0pyRKZlSiJiheZE5qbzIyJQ6sBYqiVc+IRyDV5pcPjASrIWFIyMBuHAFMnhlGZDoQggjNGTgzz/bFtT9IFf6X6qLQUmsFXpCA2AYtiNemcaMAxZAwsIOfhzyThw45k39kOv+6TyTq/PeOHCAmc/66dbAIwM4gEEOjnjlyQgkQugABW667lnc/9jSSTMqfp2sLJTEtAeCP0VZd2uq6qwoibU4BzJQBAVkMIZXCoEGMgwhw8MhqX5N62Ot7/4Z1+HAJEYr7jBTo9him3H2segpZW+GLZ/bYq51gxhM0XFR4YhXOoGDHmTkRNEzT9nPLV1RnO8zwf83z57jzQIDGzGdWRjMWHTXfxecq+b07cUWZ9g+zldb21OovkEbsZYGkiiAC6JIgBleeYIFTOEDCROUf/0xpSydrVP4e80LIW97O3httu1v+l0Qs+62KF4xji175QvOUAQUKvACMbhN0Yqv3TTfpt+LpJum4JApL9Lu3fmTwJyznCnd9KPagn9ZKA3Epv5ymn0pEleFTA6fIjoMr7zCZgcBOwwzxiE/qusqu99rp1yk6iGmlX5/WLPNs6g5mHNsnMOv9VN4p9hiqzMoCsNGTBRgjtDSGBBpDIiSeGUFOICAHrEl4Mchc1hnFkpASSzrlAxnPsGQGbBWCTaggkMOC8bglUKgeIBjCirWgjhkh2XWnm3de862XrMMpwiHU2S0zb//gTjQQ+wnxjRPEgmniKZflXG24RQhkUA5QpvOjD7MqaUHC9UDpwg32jzclkP0ATMLBVLCRqwlcsKrJfxhhlcSoQhd8EKKDGZ4ZV95kfy/fn1w7/+cINSlqbJfRqUycf6VFJxF+kd0l+kiAjCfWmF47J1CpaTCBCo6hLSz66Rxwc/7a/33OxRn/Pv7agfBJKZZldBiy8Wu/7nFOktZsQKmitYDLDCFCgVsQOKVVzTBBWTYoQFJvLLXp/SyTPsicchv9sqS6uB6awa+SabkUupce7uYZ81vd4k7woeY9uVws1CT/9aw/fuX2ggJkiQlReeP9lROfcUuJZNMCfe89dtkGNCqPpiUt0EPsdYPVBhAgw5tEINXgj5HvPJaIUGS5F3zj6+/O7v3vlUvstd8z3le2e3i+rejAjODUUIEW0LjQqT+5dpDCQ+sNYAksMCjAUw44pViWOGVWMyUTjFEzLCUTEe4vLS0vKhAoTUFNZQABDwskMQrQWN4waiL/bWz41twt5xqmveK9vpZV/y7/8Q7PCScInV+GwJ8iGkVV5xZjwo/qr+KU5ZSmxXd/MN0Zur84W+5GcVS8btrt6FUpGi9Iack12CJwSvdQCTVbyDiFIe0HD/udE+Wjoqz9MR2//7aKU6RDxUxETLsV5AZfxxyc9sWPcQw3ZxS1hVBDeap2vSjIhDxVbw+7th+Nqsys7ZvX4uX21LQQ48j9Hi1XHCDhRnKuAASr9wAKUcN5tBDkk7dmlcafk1RTGuum8UWBsR2G3FxBgDAcAIZXlkAHQdQQhRGeJE3FvxK4/IV3141zbh+Fn7VzVfPFgeTPHcKb5rVv6wtejYgmMRaK6cmKKEOYxheuYYiOAijBTdwSHGvOrViy6IZzTodR/W9sOXc5kuag0ls5/B2FJixtZnYM3stpXlVKSkKHi6OUIUWI145AxMeuGyhBaj8tc5v7g/tKAIlsYot5jtzvD/MRg4oibVYrmiF4IqWGF65RgGmiMAOtsAdf6d2qvoCjQKopPfmaokEAQgAgCQAMxAAAAAwUHBAKByRSifFwh8UgBAsemReXk5AlwzkaZIEKYwxpZSBGYEBmmECVCIw3BzDRttpJ2wjfGcM6OdLcqecx2XZcgk6pivxZMv/M3pPBMyOGLmME4Aety70ZfQnd0geNXPuHDScusDQVxF9utqQcnb2aNfazgttXV0YV7YgdPGfJYE1H4qGLrOXl0TTMGrJxyS0aZhbiRTa4B90Uj76KNmzJSrMiBjitBYOLtCQFKYHdZCoyE7kmy3E8qyEwGH9RWWQ3qbhOnaUaQ8FZclCL3dTJqJXNdxLNUoAq60CN82I6egPUN7gFMT5/A+ex4u7Mkl62gl1qEouLQHhkvU+FBb1DrG2ekK0h0w5rynUPygL1zWnmFgwMTMlR5f4nAAI4r79jLFWdKdjfmC/1MSkru1BcOTLWToPrbesAJ/Yw0k3hhcT6D4k7U1jAR0YAIIrwSwNhMTbCmlBAWH9Byaeo2YmpJm6ati1iGiM04EiMA7vTXBxY0XufNmb3AaTIQ+HuxoSxEWHkJjUJ/yko4fENEq1u1zGLgyiskXLJx0EdlZAsllqvA+0h5PXf4yFkOEQPgdXhjnH+dFKBwEVaYgMl2X5xbV2NJt/TuRoM8i+5Rk2g+tE21hNe/5lQH5clSIF0K3ELDHFwlkdedPeg3kR+9RBfd5O0foxHhGO1upO2gfU02MO8pOvXwCSyG+Fj9xp+h46UNJTu73Swrak4rkcSgEvglhBTLEK0s9ARRm7hf5KzDBEa1Kx8CGxcdjrhO4J82SHGhCHElpOtkyzxkdBbaFdp5/m8w7tCGW4SmB/yw9DYkxzD8JVGy6rv46mv63T9ZMxf/FDxCyrAEgjp7VWRzLTKvqNPV6S7OS/OyC4hxNclSFT/RsrzQjGvNI+whIPUUF5MNqgAvMrNrWGoJxcP2M3yHHUEmSCjpLbtBbAJBFxzkKJ8uWJeCH+ou5risKYJqSRLunNSN5nbbFKdN37+XGrgPEZEZg7YkE3F/m0KGCGQ2KXcyxFV8bMK+2uVHMHAvY0m6NJMNKf63ihZFxQdw2S1VdjgiSPVIJ5PkgJEPLQEr8r2jG7tg7Y18zs/MZpgg1ks6rZIC04An5aUHZoKI4tIiN/89fx6B5GtRfIDhbiA0y6p0MDOar2yPmkhcdl5BVpQ5edhYbK2qVEFw/SCCbXKgqzDrp3oIvVDwUe+wmVQQRHGSTYRF/pyCT7FaOKI1VhY2dVdsPlGxV6LjQCxUSMiOg5knpKB+9dUk/ViDqoMQIiD8xFGDeSLAsjDJpUqKk/h0bkBMaItqveWU/lUcpj21eegRnHLsdBM4O+47rNRPgVi/mhgqSRZzrq4RT4Du0U6HhVGc2iPoybFZl8J8ZjE85sZjmTnTius9AoIjDp2uFQTnL7Tj/mYhxw/qn9/M4LM/eV7r8CgJCnBbZJz93XNNw1KqTlt3ltr/SH/iUYL3URgprmZ/wyW0tGaJeT/XOoyYqOoTIhc3sUQkiAtNMURYteLR5ThguGWwQStUnx+Yc4jjkj3dBVlHWnnqCQqZOVL3J2E43KUzWcw3/2A3vEQ54fMOCtSJNk4lBwYhW/Wmfkw5Kdl3LQsgmzTg6mNdp6wJjHkzDA9hMA4uW0R5zDyZWDchx0TH/assikGmLw1zEdMs789InIj8REqOiS59XT5u+oOz/cN7EZxWbD0qsBnMb6CFDTfkRDNTYXryTdSceu3//S4ySlo3eiQqegGgpiMzBd+bUOuEW4AHJmW+CHaTDoKqBiyLkUB+fH9rJhj0vbDaYpZ1+6+4CaeIvrwKWZOeujcT9tA0NeZYFwGHRPjHaeqy+Nq5O2vhqBZKYGyIhME1ZglyAkBMmELnDSDTKpc8XgHo08dvK+HMlQ1AtUrIS9kxJJpBccPcx8MD9vfXUeO70qz5iD6FOxLmgUA+DVZThO68NFW1oPC+w0dhouaouYQGpeHk051+VTw8hS8c6h15R569JMp4EVzHmb02/QUg7vdIB5+TF8xV1ToAQMWCGCnfxFYHypINcEgWtcYYxiFAJ3eIljHVoBfbHQh235iEW7C5aWnN9jKyqz77YJ9hh1QeLn0m7FTlyO3gYbLBFdkYDCygYOWc6kLeqrNzHynuXEZuvcEuKrOh17ToibFsDXStvsiLUErf1XE2PRylaI25o0jqL6/31Dk3AWymvGjVx50Ida4BKgeYVv80IKtOjbxO9Jtmgaz/Hdfo0l2s+96lHeaxUxlGwBTmo7cd2BJXBVRYNB/psyhARWcUeVrmhBYtZ3Z3UVsDZPPGVa1HmzWmUm4IJHE+SgoDpbFJNaCnJ7JFpTlgpvqHWdupyiCHwxkkKXG2sZUglZGXAoFCtSrZYIIZWGxJ/jhEGT6PMJ7JaeWeRYZe4BCvfgJMStc+1zKFTEkR/DoGeHABZDWyQgQ1p8rEZdGE1NDqkjw+QHo8ksY0pctiiRu7pUckR9fvj2EV3bu6xTAfzBWXJeTfqE7yzdy8P3MjCHRiHJnpI/ouIpqRNbHicQVHjkQaLaaeRqt3ocyQjGuCyrlu71Ag/GoeYKCepMqY2QCmoeyKIXrYnbYFbHcpqzcvr790+XKSsVUcUgzrPIrRwbUXnpbBqzHmcZP4Q5wgOfXfKTjC8RYcuR4j07Z/uEUU3kMiMnqj9FqkKsEoyacoAcy+J1lE3d2qHfPTKvyEIwhkEfb82J3mzB5l5HuajZbWsTmKSZJF34rSAvAGtLY9HcEiqRdgjC33LJrdAUBuLLAwn+gq4/oOPUu24FyFQcG/wmd/WbI1nVwtRcvrP+NLnVdYqRQX1WapM5MtzSDdoiUf1Lc6B+gxvuxbMZ3FBXmG5Bnb0akRtRMNHHImhPPb8b76GGn3abNc5xsMuPoK6Mk9VyGGlRE5oJ5RLEgDa1oh+uKiDDIeZPYvsUbjyAeY510Gkw9JWN1S8lFjbWy0CM8FKVg70YynBDN6yvA1KHufHyoV0omjqYwK/e7RbbjZxJFJZIYXU2/owDq4Io12UbI19va0cqRJRCqEmKCX6EZrRLno+J8E2eeCiOoSKc1LlQnGNhKMHaY5XrKKB1rrW3mjlI8TzJM4meA+GtwwUflViLnzix1Z+N49r47PMQodjBXAXYOIOY+jXmLGIXqHp64VpesbUwiKrLIqtD7sGgKv1A9kirJwI9wIoIORNf2Q+LeJVqPRp2V7A/6nImD60eMg2XqI9vlt1gsxRV7Tixb/Z13Dx6ZFhZJFUnaFTE2mghZEsyiB9vHNwUMJd2sPdNzTtUiGUIapiO7hMXDrgnxodNRh5NkwrnQKW5IBvZlVl5CypuWIEOBbpDt3KzSyll70JxRyy0W0eT4FHoZxd950jk1jEeWat7gmmBnOGz/p3Sq94AVAD8To8v/SD2+KbS6hscsY6BUjEW+FdIBqTcvxs6HAEfZdNbhUwig0nCk4ieAnRg/kBN22p3AzmoxbkRrTg/wGZuFjPYZzhlEhPfxK4q5Fb0GIU7Ud6oQ6Gz9if7PFQpZVia1PAdTix6Sxb7mlvjxofmaqneLRe6c8qwfZyQCF2jqdIreEK1Hz17PK6IBcLX/YtMP7luJZyGCHw3yzhekffDRT9UoFh6hbW5nENonsTv9XBdLjfHSr2yqjP0m53gRDdMe2K8T8Xh7qNyOu4NnUDjbCRRuzpvQIL7bs2Mb7jnpJwBRP1+3W/XuR+YYaaIwQz+TBrYqEUzOso70LxWNpqk89WJW0+uaEf3RxySi1iaosNyGwvueLArtAAd+GUWG/tn4RN+cIJcMynwF8lPNeI5Ty1ruRFlNJF0Dlwsglvjl55LsDZ9Vy7/mTMQkn/eWDcbHDkPJaKqbtwK3NSq3/YOy5tVg8BzNC/0f6Jps1Le+tZ54NQmyfKK/e9Xf8UmPbHQj+PJt+hqn4U4xo7r3y7c+0oTnMqbRIk0UOMjlZpYxmkcYRjhybeKNS5N5/Gf1l4CxRVg/eq5eLk0KG+UDSV4NAcGAn7uAomx25H/YkK0I78NArAzsp8ex21tC6U7/J/SOITFw50YhqLNa7sTEIT2HaBx6mJ1xqdgeJRCVGhBg3Qd7YjWWfKHr0pLWxjUcBTojQRg8/2yeieeFN7h1bxbNm4NGptS9OfitdCVyK4vdHZmRB0zjMNDZ2Zi4T0CzkoDMBjbDHQVISkWXPfbA5mbGPZIKRPpLoqnaho4E85rxEKa2VJ0pNam4sw1DeD1NSx5QPvxQRl/Ui6Tssi1TEZYKmGdhoB9bwI9itqWeIJiWGZ+bkR4BoBiSLSo4B3I+8cxhUE4kecWDnMuayOoHBAPWYLIlHUKYwRv+LGAIxFqFfH8iJXMcL7olQmgTYAYm0uSUBLMh+8/Z35nROfvwZ8qhvSeTsxCnnVDLIQusBhMnzrBiyc64YLkkEtwNwUCSd27OsI55qJs8QAQT1nHegFpT6Di57xM6qFifK6EhxYKWACzzirEPVyFPMCeDrYFefeAaa60gM2JpmPjvZ0JQd4Is/imKUGXWMBwwht71BfrXkr1pWHX1rCKYs1zADLCqmj3N6oMU/4KjL9SEMvYYWp/TuuXnr4amequ1FEe0u+RLkdSNgZEpuLLUvIH80WEL4YKqgskVqaMVJHIGgN5WgMRadSL7/zcYywBGsyr/sMHJh8bppxbqQGrd1YsIypAv0pmxm7ZOl39oQLChvfTGpIRSFDwhxrxd5XnAgV5/YRJGVS94zA4fz0/bupHHVvi+fcVfyl+lXGvicDXgBtE2ZoTl8yVEXT5gjNFdjMTEykaoK/H0/AU9AnzPZH8PBL21zFf2Pj3zqYIRuxwDjhcjyzsBV5arm+kAOnZjfuGuXKixr8NMbeE6ix7UFU6zcK+8zcytSRKPin6zVz6xX+UAFyTecHBAD19CqOlpoIDhGAxfv4nFKF92iVXk99WnMGUPg7JguwBTm4ECvzDErIZqEbmmCynGDtYFzJY1ig8nZ2TkWLcOSoyjmcCIhMV/wYQvb7YD+UsVYRKXljOhaAKfm96Ztq1Ah5tgj0RILg8Rwh0SMN/VE3XwSZZmTnIj3nHo/wegt4SwFIZD7GtzTR0XgdqNH4sked8MVf1HYM6hIRFidaJv/Hnj2T2pBZtiJFjrzlSpk9/5LQy7FFp5iNkkBE4F7rFSBqGQKTlcfLyuPL0Nha57gwazNaKw/eoSTChGjfO4WQaAePWtkQO9UCHbzOZVtOWiuD85j76J1A+TGZ/nEovgKLf6tG3kFXoR/97+pMyqKgbwvdRPiV99g2iTSn7/Pz/pgfR8g4AsghzLmqPYjFwirlb517khYZ+M2swirhxiEXvhLZD/DPSNSwqD2YNG0j44kEkW5g53XF4vHZo9nMgTwXqZGx0PQXu6kzMY1J5F1aElNXnvn7BWYrYxr/YZda+y+Y8nUcSlxwuEzGHG6Aekvx2yYuM/qGWLyhhmnhtAbp0hYCkOe4cv1o+YyOfUbzkDyik8SvMC/5LU/bHB4fokGxC6nbMwF64NKuU9ICln0H5Pfx5cBCLMXAAmzNeSGvWuKiw3ir/hcSTlhpYwmM9RHDG2dA2jJ1H+b9vnq9WUol6Cm42LhiDrsc70B9wwcgU4Bpp8/suAl20qsfAuFhz6g84w75K5MRP6ECJINlKqIQrkJkaI6tMZystN8Z/gFzH6LWb62kRjTWVwo7FgnyME+4ChX3RWX2o4wVttRlB1Vzy/2EXbL9WUvQ3ULqAGhQJbYWhZeq80ipncbAog6gN55oh4ljp/2M85DrqNOK0Gxas8MHiz0Sd3zKtvEfJkASYKkMRsWURZrKI590FBwwI0xAVLhemhek5IrrEAocq+Kf87F66SDoMddQLcwBxOTyTCABnf6iw+2zlZ0kWV3J/QpZs2lidqyfoWIgjWAy4PyCLbNmynV0UJuKmQVcnkH+ykkin3G3rzqs9eihJZOHe1+1gOTKU+7G3/4nbPSvJMA7O+XZWn8/yueZKn/ZW8T5Mb3cgTUl41wfCvgmxrfbvkBl0iAeSiHpZW5JFJx59puwWqnU/2WfYzrM5c/jS4Vs/CEqR7+3SqVlQxj9T/EhOF7v4yEDZaUh048a0Xo10geERB1x4XNhbz718ybHbqP91Echrt5BVfDj+hZddpSEN9WNpqbtl7E3Q2OvzsiUMI5+tAijrBxoYx95BVVsaWGaHISFt+zq6xzPblnRiWFwX7LcCAj52dyGEUO1ttun6vS9dNqYKiDPLHFByVhbD8ivblK5Xw3rJhD1Z0Jud9dIQCsG2MzKdKk/JpyDmnAc9BQEwefFFM1hJ/Q0CstyN1bjkFRLJLDKxzA1sHCfsaEIOG0v2sQa3RUF114w7DRw/4Gdy4Xh57NSf88TSv2d0vER7102RZZSyF350xvj+sn4rP5gCXxLFu1ylc8lYo8cUUakPnf4VYl6QQCXr9NmOrRwqkoPWHjVcxfAYx5wdLAjZmLjHWCv+ToMko85EPQHXSOzk57ZTajge+qtiMdGbM1ZlncJ5+lLF40golMfX1718bpnRcfmpEC+ojsOiXD40SJ4FYTHDaVQJt7AYHwI1fMd51OsFK9JWBaR8kjxVPBTf0cadXImucE9pqTtL81rSezcg8fwlS6T7Q7gKh9Hfl2cdizI361j8gXa3ju11HaaX/hTKyESzW5aOPIaSbGEs8VgrFRkO/WiComBlmCEPOGHjYXPjV5zi46ghjolLV73BFrXEP1YGqlXXow0DFrrRAj6pmPAe4P5JE79ePkcUlmbIIpVzsok6pUhEIMQjgmtx9SX3EFYXNtD3hmb+ED7EIA7tScqldK8Q/zXIUCZRIU9AQEpikiT7KyTycMaw3dZ64h4Y2HlL0L/eMCSx7wLJ6NlpeDDXg9y4HfcyemtYbmM/VBgus5adDnRM21zfymNkm4iic2Z2qdUEfTqH+yJSps0xnHfAj+QKrG/N+yt3dZiHfB5WBsgZ+85xt1dU/Eqfw+eegBY6lO2CVITF8SQ6C8RCTk4rmSwUeYfT9mMv4vmJEoB+8AIvBNm6uYr0o+91plPiFKXy7+tLdwnP/ouA0+3+1YO1MHwPsapRWpETgUL9R5h95gGsjg4xTDvEPc2ATXn4gwSsonuIYhyZieup0+H4kBa8NgTZ5IR8jLU2RfNJMl75sJRXMCGaCHVRUDzG1doqQgUZLpYTIJtBZxo6CdiFl6golSRZn8EFG5oZbW/koFLC+s7VpUFnjWBoq8ysMiDKfY785LkH3jKnFJX5V2CFab7EFLGkZokPFwOoqVbjypUBh+RjayNtXwD0X3etDEv5QLyB8ceXkUoT6zqu9cN2y4JbG1lmICO8jih4U2ud/ZN/w3Rh56gbNGBe+PH4cCR9i2RsSiFiQIrbQJqDdEw5S+xs6Agt8xoLobOP09LZoYFaMTqmUjQj1MfbXvIYEoJvF9MUL25K5tF7JU2lnkh/cMSrx7fwB2zr96e3Aa9IQcaWonMU+7bJJc21oxm+f5f7BeUKTk3CvA2XCEyszv4ZACsWG5+RGBnxAe4PxKl/639naad0kagulzCLjP2cN7KefLVslekOt6o1v3HEJa9jsDWrUvBGt+LRlj3mnSXU89RJQcDd4EunibPRDUiiHl4gRdDu1cMkR8/u+RQK84P0Hac8tM+0P/cNDzlU1geFfuB8KMfJ6rMhwDqT5IpnuSnjl0Q+T5YayD4y/5RfkvzAf65OlIQblKW8WNFmeQGWgwOf9kFUid0nyWHQcdY2TxpUab3VHj57resKieKwyLc8QfP876YROTc861gxzrIDocb/MMhp9uWzM4ACb4cKF7P5hVUYzjY1IVwogn9kGp4/wttTa528IJvhyIypLGg/2pXVL1EMo61dtc/BtH305oUPYFatEywVrALuVQB4eS7KjmrG4FIckRJlGlbnoWG229vKtQymKCNEAQgJZv/5iXBSsNG/f0iJn+b4oBSCcxLLRwg8uxmRDU3ZTOMsHhuPUFDbB3MfIxXVbUz7LY6K2uyOOm5b99Hd5aXp6vxVvLGlQRmbVV6Pv3CxvoD4r8FYAeoikOcdpoh9oQQdMGH/FKrnRUwj0eVcjqC+j19zP25Ht5+CIMcfEyjSlYhcrz1WWr+2p1FDrUtcv9emYlMaZbTJ4yyVFE0JdAVEwKDzCjHVBtVRBdbWHcQx43WwUBpsccH8ZULtb2qt5DxFSMmvIQtgHEoTJ4fPVJAplQLtADCd3wDb5E25Rcemtf6D3ztXG9hzEq+DOh+74NcfEhhhmUwndoada2j3JeeP4VKvVDYlpFB9Vw15Vzy+w8cjRSVG4zilI8i/L5oU5PaOPY2DPkjB5S1BiAPC+UEQ6WZym4uDHKVPPSlRUTywe0a2D/5cBhjS8rV/3aSJ7/ba4qoT1DbEfhStW0QAmp6aBWaRkyC4doT1xAHzMvHWao05WFv8kWmZ2Nj9bOrc96Ze0U8U2bPsAdA6luy33aWGdkJidLuaUb9hWA+Z4XE+Gz5lTiIwTAOJSQ+/a5toQDRCtdj3rAOMc4HBDMqFyvuPvdkhKcbEOwt5D0ehgQzVdiTsILm6O3LRJhdwezt8mmVpdW7A7/0WM+ZDBcKtESknnxx5WFJsJGIOQiJpjdwCVNB/vY9HuobN8vxy0mExCmG7QQukVWwnh2xXNXOV1NtQhGjNMLqLfPZld6CxGWdfGciFyEJqdj8O4/w2Cd88D44jaJXkpWtpzDlwL3/WU+JwNG/nfQvP5Yv1JygP252opP/Xx3jCXD3tnlQPmoBXxxHLkoPZmcvGOYBRxzeMR8ncfmUrjJAgySY2rTAsA5lAeUXGOsJPhmcO2QUob32OZtiTrddC/Ii5We1ylcYpQ0U+3aIm7Dyq9gJr/g5vENYnaOa90jEmLl3sK8RKx8+oYnehGI583etkircgEA1hPAY3R+cQ4dNv75hK9tq1UVaeEh2kC3M5CA9XdsOLN7eNztbBhTOBLi9tF7Ki8fPDIb2EmitxlbizgizmHBMklyyJFs6m6bbYKTY91EqyUTB6zLYnxDrBO8HZMDi7lhqp8ZQdhZ+iTED3Mk5sJYR+m927VuhokVmrXDAUH+yVzkDfxNidSwLTod48xL3fSnvkCaWVZlshnoXxcx3tlOU2535Ve4jIVWwVkEUkziZC5Y6K9xNziTseKd17XrlI2FBIA5bZuLZkWOMN3gBWEuNQgOe4mNmohyY6+jDkDkd7qu/EOn273iBQ5iNBSA+ph5cByKT3wnT73uK+GJfyH6FIwIPhvuvX4yEnhij91Xh5c6ijDO6BDaRIlF0W0B1sBHC00uYrA32QR0l4smf+90I4Y7ZqmWXDWVKEyKc+BOus99TzB5bAEdw8HzMtrmtf+0vOzHRceY4c84iBggnVT/23Q05ePDphota2et6WR/mzs9bQRyP+JeAZxr8w4rDb8+81IUC8EFQUR7V1xnB6u8Bbg6CSMepAqYu45lMLvQ6SW2Z8hbBZ28UxeRCPkZ0Hx5cHei0wwlxEVwJuUa4oFgdkscmcnHF8DOVdDIFWjArZswcaYh2AepmzeJLQr8DK1jMgrhQSYybRgQ/wNNjV74junbfv9gA7G+i38NQRKYJ+Oo5NUbVJeQI5h879tjH9W14T+NthOmzcYphxbiHflv5KJr+1wCWMZtUW40Z1f5RRUYV2ySSv2DouUVBWOfED2ztUphqMWVC4TFKYov3BCoMDPleLMucjqo7/OJqFP9Jxegh3/1YYXS+3cpPpClYd9lnL4rpEkpmQsnyJWFymBQLihIBDwNe4qQWVSmKqzdrG2v3RLsJLY4yPXxWPKE8XANZg1yxC5iqVfZNZsh6+hA2hidvplS1snO/C8IZRMpbqJKetZpYO2CEkdX1UnGR9KGhItyKIo96tBhmltnna1tC7NYTb2rx9EPY2Sxj8i9c7Mx0YfqFtxcA1uIqDSFhiWXzh4FDSVC2b6zmkVjm4moNKF40GmVi4t4ztT3cN4Kj086J9aTmaInXBTlGr8z8vxhs8zXUoxdCJzCc+l2VPo7OTGQFdDE/7oKDHrL71LfSo1Y2YVi0eXYfRpWMoMLhIAmSQONzMKtUKLw0hDuE4GJ9Yr6ROaaJAI9XKTSg1PCsO9rU9dKCNGcg7dx14BQEZBYuzil57VnAil99HudLeQAT59J+9Wh9TWH6mMHUEqqI77VzKlMgNEN6jTiJgT18Hcfdtwm7HgNy5Gboh8SRRc3DbhsgBSli2jld8dd6bXtIiXYcibQ2y7P5zeGNibkkuaxZ51xwijDAoLhvKYNaZXCnMeGdyosTQKVQnmAbCNoBeX/6R/m9b+jiXMDc6ChLbiZ3ozPoDogIOGtwRee784NW9tSrVxtv9nFwo7yzGyJC3aAkvOW8UgA5KYLGf29qS8Bxzk7VJ60MXXxZx/uGhe5tjitU9AYiT288WRDufbCDGLhCAzIm3vkiLKZx1s/qI285NlFR6fWKyAhotENODDPH2PtUrjIfgLUMUOAR9A8S5Z6wS2XB++TXypQmpZY8x4Iv9z6LM1ZScxpZJ7GuH/EgLLv98fv03aKvx02k6zVQnsXB/XgSKx2W6IVTVQLcwaR0cBUKILSOrgPVFgjcVN5bqZO2BDbA9xiIR86l4x9bVXqDK6cov/DR03jJrHYaYoemmZtM0PbV8KAVt8V/sPa5aHmYF8uGjIUe/qKWqfcCOQeY229S1lR1R/DYDfKFg6j8eB8wHlaG8PYK7NxpCD6cjfewpdIn5r3P9AC18fioZ9amla7QDAluwsm43OnUi+By4i1Wr0nnAkoRkVtEQI43A/JG+jdoHSlXM543e7490adv3oOMQQsZ6P0OY9sF1z2FsXYYZOZ1CiKwmO2fHIGUNXS9GkdOq6GZFoPiw/EhiweB5XhUDqTqLY40OLfU705LkmxOGNt/NRn9rOXiG7ekeyf4sNFaPPrvGBrtjofSFgcL+dfpZoIyogoJoTXHgxdMVJJSb8uWlrRkh4pizrApjLe405CLVxk1tcxEUogJ3/Dv0RlMQW7CK371/zLOQJ+zf2r8hT6a8L7aQeOrgnOfVdHQFfZv2taoB3SfyA2p0dcUH4AM2ckiZNbs3z8P/A4/x82l2oLWkSUyvBKoha0uylc8866L34cJmpeP+LTorHrR6c1AQ9tZELXXrrF9T7N1r3LopPQA/qxizNAS7pxAf1bJxoBHI5bPCcyyqTP6g7Nno9Fs9oJM1dLSN6b6Dz0EJ7m+9C1SlYNjmy5ID+Mu0kAcmWhC/J54E34SiT8vcZvNs0nXeNPyBQz4nNgf4xUa2/dXCoqJg6loRGqnn8zWwVjjfhPJ+AB0JJHMgafFaCKqb1fcEOWTWS49YuHx3bHn224KDQeJKRx7XAxiGrQkF8EFeXEKZNk4Q6IjVYfUK5sq4FnferJHLULxySizFeA+wzelkIXUjDdZ4ZiXwSqRVQr1a7kuO9r4bHiBVOtoMP9iSoNIrcpkjkPGP7fjP51TEwy9+NHak50gQrQBBRVOx3xhRyCwANCOueeFd9uuTmzdjudoNCwpn0m84TJrrglynaJp/OnARmWDtjKKUaD0wkuwqE/CXNAe+MLM3VZQE7zCBeyjvPz63+JYgC79R9nQSDCZOnlDvoaDcvzs1zLleRNOFhUo5yJnWKOgOAcmmM6BWgtnWdJbT0jYuHIKk3ZOwPkyJAcXaHS9VIWeZ4FG5KYNx6pmAsqCde/4EkMHLwbh3MuK1Ynug/AEHrQQ+ZjdSsAEPuc+jilg5tlF64AytZ2OpDg2m2XyV+CCg/WnA9SGRCzZEEhCWpA3lOMxejtppjjrbUNiWKsPysjQTo4ZFaJbD75qZO/CqpdYPCRY5ZTU8ZGjxqGoXjfMxxdqHzETjrSfWkX6qtekid+7VshpoV6JmkwOVmK6Ka3s5KhwMkMzDh1v8Vmaeg+R85k3ioFD1siYsQjQaNTjGXn3Jkw+G4xUSWUslVY/2YwT0lDZfM3hn3zWIRxttEDcuMx10npp00EYNZswQKty9nrG46J/qT6pyB1WUpBoc2UtEVrcu+ITBOi/loYdNCZkiri4HmF1NhnKxWRHiCQ5OBYgns1Q4NWMTr+7duhCWtLQAm5bdh60anjooIQjz6tQFEmLhHUnbrTO/6SWN9FJDMZVjiEXuePrPRRXs4HmNQReebPcVuUR0Yljg484GYGdjB7zB4ma3ZjifbUD8Jt8O0Yt3DGYwxk0DUpwbROdCHBmZUnkdsgGJllt6nG1lWG+CrA5f04u5YerAZhmmc8/27hJvmwKsLS+w09BJ+eTcmRYtPPcVIHoCbt9jPrSvdvzbjKuRB5pJjj4eJD+A9rTJ4hbPF1WwIPjKjJ64fPfURK4vdqOzLL4HhJkTeD4s8l6X1iYzCFW7lHFLbmkbqrZ86Ge/dX5i8aRLx/6NaGQbdk7Aid6yR8SDvBg="
"BXs1AvQQCs368+DbitW3xz0NXN4Ji6ZmhsIoJ+4z7U4="	en	es	[ "A S", "1", "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE POSITION OF TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/403/Add.1", "S/26450/Add.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ARABIC/ENGLISH/", "FRENCH/RUSSIAN", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD EXTRA RETURNS.GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 87", "COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE WHOLE", "QUESTION OF PEACE-KEEPING", "OPERATIONS IN ALL THEIR ASPECTS", "Improving the capacity of the United Nations for peace-keeping", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "CONTENTS", "Page", "I. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES 1/ ........................... 3", "Australia ........................................................ 3", "France ........................................................... 3", "Namibia .......................................................... 10", "Qatar ............................................................ 11", "Russian Federation ............................................... 12", "Sweden ........................................................... 17", "Thailand ......................................................... 19", "__________", "1/ The replies have been reproduced as received. The designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities.", "93-50509 (E) 091193 /...", "CONTENTS (continued)", "Page", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ............. 21", "Yugoslavia ....................................................... 29", "II. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ............ 36", "Association of South-East Asian Nations .......................... 36", "Commonwealth Secretariat ......................................... 39", "I. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES", "AUSTRALIA", "[Original: English]", "[6 August 1993]", "1. \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) points to the rapid evolution in the nature of peace-keeping operations in recent years. Mandates have become more complex and the size and make-up of peace-keeping forces as well as the number of operations in place at any one time are of a quite different order to that experienced for the first 40 years of the United Nations.", "2. This expansion of peace-keeping and the diversification of peace-keepers' roles has occurred largely without debate or explicit consensus on the appropriate role for the United Nations and other bodies or on the desirable political and practical limits to peace-keeping.", "3. Peace-keeping demands have outstripped the current planning and logistical capacity of the United Nations. They present Member States with increasing financial and human resource demands. It is widely recognized that the United Nations is overstretched, with a level of organization, resources and procedures no longer adequate to cope with the demands made of it.", "4. There is, therefore, growing reason to agree on more predictable conditions for deploying peace-keeping operations and to define more clearly the realistic limits to what the United Nations can be expected to achieve.", "5. The Government of Australia is currently developing its views on how these conditions could best be articulated. At the same time, it fully supports efforts to enhance the effectiveness of United Nations peace-keeping. It welcomes the recent reforms to strengthen the Secretariat's capacity for planning, logistics and command and control of peace-keeping. Australia will continue to play an active role in discussion and development of proposals by Member States in consultation with the Secretary-General on practical steps to improve the effectiveness of peace-keeping.", "FRANCE", "[Original: French]", "[28 July 1993]", "1. France has taken note with satisfaction of the report of the Secretary‑General dated 15 June 1993 (S/25944) on implementation of the recommendations contained in \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111). It is pleased at the measures already taken.", "2. In accordance with the wishes expressed by the Secretary-General, the French Government wishes to contribute to the thinking on the subject and to communicate its views as follows:", "I. ENHANCED PREPARATION OF PEACE-KEEPING OPERATIONS", "Strengthening of the Secretariat", "3. France welcomes the substantial increase in staff and the enhancement of the infrastructures of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations. Such efforts should be continued in both the civilian and military divisions of that Department. Such enhancement, which is a universally recognized imperative, is essential in order to respond to the continual increase in peace-keeping operations, which require constant political and military follow-up.", "4. Similarly, the French Government gives its unreserved approval to the dispatch by the Secretary-General of fact-finding missions to areas where the international Organization is, or may be, called upon to intervene. As underscored by the Secretary-General in his report of 15 June 1993, the mass of information collected by those missions, or communicated by Member States, should be dealt with efficiently. For that reason, it also appears indispensable to continue to strengthen the resources of the Secretariat, in particular the Military Adviser's Office and the situation room of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations.", "Improved military planning", "5. The function of military planning is today as crucial as political follow‑up on the various conflicts in existence. The United Nations is being induced to deploy peace-keeping missions in which countries with diverse military traditions participate. It must therefore have more effective monitoring - and eventually planning - structures in order to anticipate crisis situations, to react rapidly and to facilitate initial planning of operations in accordance with the very specific constraints of the United Nations.", "6. Efforts should be exerted along three specific lines:", "(a) Even before the Member States make their contributions known, an initial operational concept should be drawn up on the basis of an enhanced military audit and, eventually, of a planning outline, in collaboration with the competent special representative of the Secretary-General. This should make it possible to improve the quality and reliability of the implementation plan for the military aspect of the mandate, which is usually described in the report of the Secretary-General setting the scope of action for each mission. That is why there should be a gradual establishment of a new structure attached to the Secretariat and made up of officers with sound planning experience. That structure should be of a size that is compatible with the flexibility expected of it;", "(b) As soon as the principle of a deployment is established, the structure should be strengthened as soon as possible by representatives of the contributing States who are entrusted with the preparation of operational planning as such, in liaison with the military staff to be deployed on the ground;", "(c) Furthermore, global planning cells already exist in a number of multilateral, political and military organizations, in particular in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Western European Union. Contacts and exchanges of views between the United Nations and those organizations, whose experience and skills are widely recognized, are necessary and should be developed, in particular for the operation zones covered by those organizations, and in the event that they should be called upon to intervene directly at the request of the United Nations. Such exchanges should allow the emergence of complementarity, which may prove indispensable if and when the experts and troops of those organizations find themselves working side by side with the United Nations on the ground.", "Greater efforts in the direction of contributing countries", "7. The major troop-contributing countries have regularly expressed their desire to be informed, in the course of a mission, of the general directions and operational decisions taken. The French Government understands those requests and feels that it would be useful for an informal follow-up committee, comprising diplomatic and military representatives of the countries participating in the mission in question, to be very regularly informed and, where necessary, consulted by the Department of Peace-keeping Operations regarding the decisions taken or under consideration. In short, if it is necessary to enhance the Secretariat's capacity for analysis, planning and follow-up, it is logical that the contributing countries should also be collectively better informed of the progress of the mission.", "Better logistics", "8. The United Nations is increasingly being called upon by the international community to intervene very rapidly in situations of crisis or humanitarian emergency. This increased responsibility means that the reaction time of the Organization should be correspondingly swifter. Such a requirement presupposes that the Organization should at all times have at its disposal the necessary equipment for the speedy organization of a mission. That is why it appears necessary to strengthen the logistic potential of the United Nations.", "9. The stocking of arms and ammunition requires costly maintenance and the availability of qualified personnel who are familiar with the equipment they are handling. For such reasons in particular, it is preferable that, in general, military equipment should remain under the exclusive responsibility of the Member States.", "10. However, recent experience shows that certain needs are constant from one mission to another. Peace-keeping involves the use of certain very specific types of equipment with which the contingents called upon to serve as \"blue helmets\" are not systematically supplied and which are liable to be used in extremely diverse theatres of operations. That is true of both non-military equipment (prefabricated buildings, radios, telephones, vehicles, ...) and of certain military equipment (military communications, advance armoured vehicles, drones ...). The Secretariat must be in a position to provide civilian and military personnel, as soon as they are deployed, with this type of equipment, which is indispensable for the execution of their mandate. Plans should therefore be made for the Secretariat to acquire a small central stock of equipment specifically dedicated to peace-keeping.", "II. ENHANCED ON-THE-GROUND OPERATION OF PEACE-KEEPING MISSIONS", "Military contribution of Member States", "11. In the light of the increasing need for United Nations interventions, a thoroughgoing reform of the \"blue helmets\" mobilization system is necessary. Since it is clear that the Organization cannot today afford to maintain a standing force, it is indispensable for the Member States to establish forces which can be mobilized rapidly. These should be made up of already earmarked units forming a set of military modules to be trained with peace-keeping tasks in mind and supplied with equipment which is compatible among the various units. These units (military modules) would be placed at the disposal of the United Nations and could be mobilized at any time.", "12. In view of the increasing number of peace-keeping operations, the current limits to the capacity of the major contributing countries have been reached. States are now compelled, more than in the past, to become involved primarily in accordance with their own national interests. By the same token, it also happens that contributing countries show a lack of enthusiasm for intervention within the sole framework of what is today conventionally known as the \"moral obligation\" of the members of the international community.", "13. The mechanism of military modules should make it possible, to a large extent, to correct the current tendencies, to get back to the Organization's principle of neutrality and, through prior consultations, to help the Secretary‑General to assess the true capacity of the Organization for intervention. It should also make it possible to involve a greater number of Member States in peace-keeping missions. It is to be hoped that each Member State should feel itself concerned by this approach and should identify, in accordance with its own capacity, what types of units it might be able to place at the disposal of the Organization. Eventually, each Member State should participate in this process.", "Enhanced operational intermeshing", "14. The logistical organization of such modules means that all the contingents called upon to be operational at very short notice should have a common base of know-how and methods. It therefore appears necessary to introduce training for all of the units concerned. Such training, which would be supplementary to the military training of each army, should be given initially in the national military schools. However, the United Nations should coordinate, first at the level of high-ranking officers, and going progressively down the hierarchy, specific training courses which would allow concepts and methods to be exchanged. Such courses should be organized in turn by the major contributing countries under United Nations control. Furthermore, joint (staff) exercises should be progressively organized by the United Nations in order to test under realistic conditions the operational intermeshing of the contingents and to suggest concrete ways of enhancing it.", "Enhancement of tools of political analysis and follow-up of missions", "15. The mandates of the missions deployed recently contain increasingly broad political aspects. The missions are now regularly being asked to monitor the administrations in place, to train new police forces, to forge the various previously rival factions into new armies, to ensure the fairness of electoral campaigns, etc. Such tasks are wholly in response to the concern voiced by all to have peace-keeping missions also deal with the political origin of the conflicts in order to allow sustainable peacemaking.", "16. This new responsibility means that the mission entrusted with such peacemaking should constantly be alert to the changing political positions of all the parties to the conflict. It is all the more important to be well acquainted with the local political situation, as the peace-keeping missions - usually involving tens of thousands of men - are likely to stir up a feeling of resentment among segments of the population, sometimes manipulated by a minority opposed to the mission. Any mission must be able to anticipate the problems it is likely to encounter and to explain to the populations concerned the rationale behind its decisions.", "17. This is why it would be desirable for each mission always to have a policy‑analysis unit under the direct authority of the office of the special representative. The role of this unit, composed of international specialists and experts from the region, would be to closely monitor and analyse developments in the political climate and in the opinions of local parties in order to inform the special representative of the trends of opinion among the rulers and the population. The political analyses carried out by this unit should also be transmitted to the Secretariat for its information.", "III. GREATER POLICY CONTROL", "18. France is firmly in favour of enhanced policy control over peace-keeping operations.", "19. There should be closer monitoring of the various phases of such operations.", "20. Operations must be prepared along the lines of the policy guidelines proposed by the Secretary-General in \"An Agenda for Peace\".", "21. Apart from fully addressing the general desire for the development of preventive diplomacy, the dispatch of fact-finding missions involving representatives of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations would help to pave the way for the deployment of troops, identify needs, gather information and prepare cost estimates for the operations. The reports of these missions should be transmitted to Member States as soon as possible to enable them to make early arrangements for their possible participation in such missions.", "22. The practice whereby a special representative of the Secretary-General is appointed for each mission should be institutionalized. The Special Representative should be appointed after consultations with the parties to the conflict and the Security Council. His role is to coordinate the activities of the various components of the operation (civilian, military, humanitarian ...), monitor the policy - and not the operational - aspects of military issues, and to report regularly on his mission to the Secretary‑General and the Security Council.", "23. The establishment of the operation must depend on the definition of a clear mandate by the Security Council. In this regard, France would like the resolutions authorizing the establishment of peace-keeping forces to be as specific as possible on two points:", "(a) The final political objectives of the force must be spelled out in the mandate. In order to be realistic, such objectives could be limited and need not necessarily aim at a complete settlement of the crisis;", "(b) The mandate should also include specific intermediate objectives. The Secretary-General should be able to propose an evaluation timetable in the report he submits to the Security Council when each operation is established. Such intermediate objectives could include: the partial or total disarmament of the belligerents, the establishment and observance of a cease‑fire, and the dispatch of good-offices missions to the areas in conflict.", "24. The management and monitoring of the operation could be improved:", "(a) By developing the still too-limited resources of the situation room of the Field Operations Division. This room should be accessible not only to members of the Division but also to the military representatives of the troop-contributing States and even members of the Military Staff Committee established by virtue of Article 47 of the Charter;", "(b) By having the special representative of the Secretary-General report regularly (once a month) on his mission as a whole, the progress of operations, problems encountered in the implementation of his mandate and observance of the timetable. The work of the policy-analysis unit of the mission should be reported to the Security Council, which should also be provided with any other pieces of information (internal audits) that it might find useful;", "(c) By institutionalizing the dispatch of inspection missions composed of experts with a mandate to report back to the Security Council so as to enable it to assess the situation, verify that the resources of the force are commensurate with its mandate and also verify compliance with and a uniform interpretation of the rules of engagement.", "25. The involvement of regional arrangements and organizations in peace-keeping operations should be encouraged under certain conditions:", "(a) The special representative of the Secretary-General must be in charge of the operation. The representatives of regional arrangements and organizations must be under his command;", "(b) The policy of appointing a joint representative of the United Nations and of a regional organization may also be encouraged;", "(c) When the States members of these regional arrangements and organizations participate in an operation, their representatives should also be granted access to the situation room of the Secretariat.", "IV. BETTER FINANCIAL SUPERVISION", "Firmly established principles", "26. The question of financing peace-keeping operations should be monitored closely and the French Government:", "(a) Wishes to reiterate its commitment to the current system of establishing a specific budget for each operation, which ensures financial transparency of the operations and allows individual monitoring by Member States;", "(b) Still favours the financing of operations through assessed contributions as the only way of ensuring the independence of such operations and providing them with sustained resources. Voluntary contributions should be accepted only from beneficiary States and only when such States have the financial capacity to make such contributions;", "(c) Would like detailed cost estimates to be prepared before every mission and a financial report to be sent to Member States before any decision is taken by the Security Council;", "(d) Will support any proposal aimed at conducting audits of ongoing operations or, generally speaking, at ensuring a more regular supervision of expenditures and provision of more comprehensive information to the oversight bodies (the Security Council and the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions).", "An informal consultation group", "27. The difficult, complex and long missions that the United Nations has recently put into place throughout the world have highlighted some of the problems facing troop-contributing countries. Countries with special responsibilities due to the extent of their involvement in peace-keeping missions should hold close informal consultations among themselves in order to address those crucial problems. We believe that such an informal consultation group should give priority attention to two topics which are unanimously recognized as important and are dictated by current events:", "(a) The approaches to the financing of peace-keeping missions outlined in the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex), which should be developed further with a view to their prompt implementation;", "(b) The safety of personnel engaged under the United Nations banner and the types of sanctions that could be taken against those responsible for attacks against such personnel.", "28. This consultation group, which must remain informal and flexible, could transmit the outcome of its discussions to the Secretariat, the Security Council and the General Assembly.", "NAMIBIA", "[Original: English]", "[3 August 1993]", "1. The policy of the Government of the Republic of Namibia with regard to international peace-keeping has, naturally, been influenced by the recent history of the country. The successful United Nations Transitional Assistance Group (UNTAG) operation in 1989-1990, which assisted in ushering in the independence of Namibia, was witnessed and enthusiastically supported by the entire Namibian population, as they saw peace and security being restored. UNTAG became synonymous with freedom.", "2. The Government of the Republic of Namibia has made peace and stability the main platform of its domestic, as well as foreign policies, and by its policy of national reconciliation, peace and stability have grown and found deep roots in Namibia, particularly as nurtured by the Constitution of the Republic of Namibia.", "3. The policy of international peace-keeping is thus one of the pillars of the foreign policy of the Government of Namibia. Given the manpower and resources constraint, Namibia will, to the extent of its capabilities, play its role in peace-keeping and peace-building.", "4. From this perspective, the Government of the Republic of Namibia would support measures that would help to create regional confidence and trust and dispel any suspicion and mistrust. The Regional Meeting on Confidence and Security-Building Measures in Southern Africa, held at Windhoek from 24 to 26 February 1993, provided a useful opportunity for regional leaders and policy makers in matters of national security to discuss issues common to the region; and, more importantly, to dispel any mistrust and misconception about one another. The Government would encourage and support similar meetings in the future, or follow-up on the achievement of the Windhoek meeting.", "5. In the light of this policy, the Government of the Republic of Namibia has spared no efforts to find a solution to the crisis in neighbouring Angola. At the regional level, as well as the international, Ministers of the Government have incessantly sought to find ways and means to resolve the crisis. The Government of the Republic of Namibia thus actively pursues a policy of preventive diplomacy and peaceful settlement of disputes consistent with the Constitution.", "6. In the current peace-keeping operation in Cambodia, under the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), Namibia has a contingent of reinforced vehicles - Wolf - participating in that operation. Following the experience of this specialized contingent of reinforced vehicles, Namibia will, in the future, consider seriously, if requested, participation in peace-keeping operations with a similar contingent, tempered only by financial constraints.", "7. Namibia would like to emphasize the significance for countries that cannot afford the specialized training required to be given the necessary assistance to bring their forces to the level required for effective participation in international peace-keeping operations. This is particularly pertinent to a young and developing country like Namibia. The reinforced vehicles - Wolf - need maintenance. In the operation in Cambodia, the request by the United Nations was made at the last minute. As a result, only those vehicles which were in operational capacity could be dispatched, perhaps with some deficiencies that could have been rectified.", "8. The Government of the Republic of Namibia considers that financing of peace-keeping operations is the collective responsibility of all Member States, in accordance with the provision of the Charter of the United Nations. The Government has always paid its assessed contributions in full and on time. However, it should be noted that, with increasing peace-keeping operations, financing of such peace-keeping operations will become a heavy burden to developing countries such as Namibia. The Government would thus wish to point out that moving Namibia up from Category D to C, as proposed in the report of the Secretary-General (A/47/484), will increase its peace-keeping operations by 100 per cent. The proposal, which is meant to reserve the last Category - D - for the least developed countries, would nevertheless result in imposing a heavy burden on developing countries such as Namibia.", "9. The recommendation in the Ogata-Volcker report (A/48/460, annex, p. 18) to create a revolving fund at the level of $400 million will improve the start-up cost of peace-keeping operations as compared to the current level of $150 million; this recommendation should be considered.", "QATAR", "[Original: Arabic]", "[2 August 1993]", "1. The Government of Qatar affirms the importance of peace-keeping and peace-enforcement machinery in accordance with the relevant articles of the Charter. It also agrees with the Secretary-General concerning the importance of preventive diplomacy to avert the outbreak of armed conflict that threatens international peace and security.", "2. The Government of Qatar also endorses the Secretary-General's proposals contained in paragraphs 34 to 44 of his report entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111), in particular the use of peace-enforcement units in clearly defined circumstances. Such forces should be more heavily armed than peace-keeping forces and available on a permanent basis for the purposes laid down in Article 42 of the Charter.", "3. The Government of Qatar believes that the proposals submitted by the Secretary-General in his above-mentioned report for the financing of peace-keeping and peace-enforcement operations are worthy of consideration and merit endorsement.", "RUSSIAN FEDERATION", "[Original: Russian]", "[14 September 1993]", "1. The profound changes that have taken place in the world over the last few years have also changed the nature of the challenges faced by international peace and security. The primary threat to humankind is now posed not by the possibility of the eruption of a nuclear conflict between the major Powers, but by regional crises of a national, ethnic or religious nature.", "2. The priorities of the international community in the area of security are also undergoing corresponding changes. The attention of most States is now focused on peace-keeping efforts, and a corresponding need has arisen to strengthen the peacemaking capacity of the United Nations.", "3. The Russian Federation is pleased to note that over the last few years the United Nations, despite all the difficulties in its path, has made considerable progress in adapting its peacemaking activities to the changing conditions. The relevant facts and trends are well known and there is no need to mention them here.", "4. At the same time, certain new problems have emerged. While increasingly pinning their hopes on the peacemaking efforts of the United Nations, States are often reluctant to support those hopes with any practical contribution and to commit the necessary material, technical and financial resources and manpower. At times they even appear impatient and critical, when peacemaking actions by the United Nations become stalled or fail to bring immediate and conspicuous results. Global security and the very future of the United Nations will depend in large measure on the extent to which the Organization is able to adapt in a smooth and efficient manner to the realities of the changed world.", "5. The report by the Secretary-General entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) has significantly advanced the concept of peacemaking. The detailed discussion of that document in the Security Council demonstrated the urgent need to implement the provisions it contained and to define the common priorities of the States Members of the United Nations.", "6. A substantive discussion, centred on \"An Agenda for Peace\", has also begun in the General Assembly, and its results are awaited with interest.", "7. In this context, the Russian Federation fully supports the recommendation of the Security Council that all States should consider participation in and support for international peace-keeping as part of their foreign and national security policy. This fundamental principle is reflected in the theoretical foreign policy documents and regulatory instruments of the Russian Federation currently being elaborated.", "8. The provisions contained in the statement made by the President of the Security Council on 28 May 1993 (S/25859) are intended to help clarify and develop the general political orientation and operational principles underlying the conduct of United Nations peace-keeping operations. A useful contribution to the determination of the basis on which peace-keeping operations are to be conducted has also been made by the document prepared by the special group of experts on peace-keeping cooperation established by the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. In our view, the provisions of that document could be taken into account in the preparation of a report by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "9. The effectiveness of the United Nations peace-keeping operations could be considerably enhanced by making more active and comprehensive use of the resources offered by preventive diplomacy. Among the new aspects of this activity, the Russian Federation welcomes the first preventive deployment of a United Nations contingent in Macedonia as an important step forward in the search for new approaches in the area of conflict prevention. The further development of the concept of \"safe zones\" could also be of value.", "10. The Russian Federation is prepared to assist in providing the Secretary‑General with essential information, including information of a confidential nature, to ensure effective preventive diplomacy and peace-keeping activities as a whole.", "11. The Russian Federation supports the idea that the Security Council should make full use of its powers under the Charter to steer conflicting parties in the direction of negotiated political settlement. It welcomes the vigorous and purposeful efforts made by the Secretary-General in recent months to exercise his prerogatives in the area of mediation and good offices, and believes that the close and regular consultations he has held at the same time with the Security Council are of exceptional importance for the elaboration of a common strategy.", "12. The Russian Federation sets high store by the elaboration, at the earliest possible opportunity, of specific arrangements for the implementation of the provisions of Article 50 of the Charter of the United Nations. In particular, it would be a good idea to consolidate the practice whereby the Security Council recommends to the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the other multilateral financial institutions that they take due account of the hardship caused to \"third countries\" by sanctions, when funds are being allocated to such countries through those organizations.", "13. The experience of recent United Nations peace-keeping operations, in particular in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia and Somalia, demonstrates the importance of a smoothly operating functional chain between the planning, preparation, logistic support and monitoring of the conduct of United Nations peace-keeping operations. This, in turn, presupposes a clearly defined interface between national contingents, the proper organization of the command system and the elaboration of precise rules governing the conduct of operations and criteria for the use of force. It goes without saying that peace-keeping operations with \"difficult mandates\" require a special approach, applicable also to the selection of United Nations peace-keeping contingents (taking due account of their experience and combat efficiency) and to the appropriateness of enforcement measures, and so on.", "14. It is vitally important that operations should be launched in the context of clearly defined political settlement objectives, and not merely as a response by the international community to situations where \"something should be done\".", "15. A component vital to the success of peace-keeping activities is a sound financial basis. The current crisis in this area is due, first and foremost, to a lack of political will on the part of States to support international stability through United Nations peace-keeping efforts, as evidenced, in particular, by the fact (cited in the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex)) that, on average, for every thousand dollars spent by States on defence, only one and a half dollars are contributed to United Nations peace-keeping efforts.", "16. Attention should be focused on devising arrangements for the more rigorous monitoring of the planning and rational utilization of human, material and technical resources in United Nations operations. In particular, the role of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions could be strengthened at all stages of the preparation and implementation of United Nations operating budgets.", "17. Attention should also be given to the question of financial support for the initial stage of an operation in the event of emergency deployment. The Russian Federation is prepared to support the proposal by the Secretary-General that arrangements should be worked out to accelerate the allocation of resources to a new operation, immediately it has been instituted by the Security Council.", "18. The Russian Federation still has doubts regarding the creation of a single budget for all operations, since this would leave unsolved the primary problem of the need to regulate expenditure and to enhance the effectiveness of operations, and would not improve the cash-flow situation.", "19. The Russian Federation believes that it is high time to consider diversifying the sources of financing for peace-keeping operations through the increased material responsibility of recipient States and other States directly interested in ending the conflict. It might be useful to secure resources from regional organizations, voluntary contributions, including voluntary contributions from non-governmental sources and, in specific cases, make use of contributions in kind.", "20. The time has come to take specific steps to review the scale of assessments to the budget of United Nations operations.", "21. The following ways of improving United Nations peacemaking mechanisms are particularly timely in the light of the Organization's present tasks:", "(a) The existing structures involved in the planning, preparation and management of United Nations operations must be strengthened and, perhaps, additional structures should be created. Under the Charter of the United Nations, the Military Staff Committee is responsible for the strategic direction of any armed forces placed at the disposal of the Security Council. The revitalization of the Committee merits serious study. If the Committee were able to focus on specific actions and include in its work representatives of the countries that are the principal suppliers of contingents (for example, in accordance with Article 47 of the Charter), it would then be able, under the direction of the Security Council, to assume general command of operations, develop specific proposals on cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in a given field, and so forth. The division of tasks among Secretariat units must be more clearly defined. The Russian Federation considers that it is important to strengthen the central position of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations and include, within its core staff, qualified specialists with a broad range of functions, who could be involved in a variety of ways in the urgent launching of operations;", "(b) Serious consideration should be given to the command and monitoring of field operations. Effective leadership by the commander of United Nations forces, close coordination of the activities of contingents from various countries and their adherence to the mandate given to the Security Council are of key importance. To this end, it is important to have well-defined interrelations and cooperation within the command of the operations (including their military and civilian components) and a single operational centre that functions efficiently 24 hours a day;", "(c) The Russian Federation welcomed the ideas underlying the concept of United Nations \"reserve forces\" proposed by the Secretary-General. The Supreme Council is currently considering draft legislation on the participation of the Russian Federation in United Nations peace-keeping operations. When it is adopted the Russian Federation intends to hold negotiations with a view to concluding an agreement with the United Nations on the provision of Russian military, civilian and auxiliary personnel, who are in a state of readiness, and material and technical resources and services for already established or planned peace-keeping operations. The Russian Federation has already informed the United Nations about a part of its existing resources (two army medical divisions);", "(d) It is crucially important to ensure that operations are launched as quickly as possible, when fragile agreements in \"hot spots\" can and should be strengthened by a United Nations presence, which should begin with the sending of observers. The time between the Security Council's adoption of a decision and the actual start of operations should be shortened considerably;", "(e) In taking a decision on the start-up of an operation, in particular a large-scale operation, the Security Council should consider not only political expediency, the cost of the United Nations action and the degree of potential hazards of personnel but also the problem of \"withdrawing\" from the operation. There should be no \"limitless involvement\". However, this principle should not be adhered to slavishly. In exceptional cases, in the absence of a viable political settlement, the States Members of the United Nations should agree to extend the operation, since \"a bad peace is better than a good quarrel\". The practice of including in Security Council decisions provisions that make the presence of United Nations personnel in conflict areas contingent on progress towards a political settlement should be more widely applied;", "(f) Extremely pressing is the need to improve procedures for recruiting and training personnel, including civilian personnel. In particular, the criteria for recruiting civilian personnel should be more precise and recommendations on the training of such staff to carry out United Nations operations should be standardized. It would be useful to establish national \"reserve contingents\" of volunteer civilian specialists. The Russian Federation considers it advisable for the United Nations Secretariat to compile and send to potential donor countries an illustrative list of specialities and requirements to be met by candidates.", "22. Lately, the question of safety of personnel has become particularly acute. In this regard, the Russian Federation is in favour of the most resolute measures, including measures to bring to justice persons and organizations guilty of attacks on and other acts of violence against the \"blue berets\". The mandatory conclusion of agreements with recipient countries on the status of United Nations forces is a partial solution to the problem but does not provide an adequate answer to all questions. At the same time, vigorous measures to defend United Nations contingents should not develop into military operations of a punitive nature or lead to the involvement of the United Nations in internal conflicts.", "23. The right of the United Nations to bring to justice persons who resort to force against United Nations personnel must be made legally binding. A precedent for this might arise when the International Court of Justice begins its proceedings on the former Yugoslavia.", "24. Post‑conflict peace-building is becoming an inalienable part of peace‑keeping, without which countries emerging from the \"active\" stage of a conflict cannot be rebuilt. The Russian Federation would be particularly interested in a study of the experience and capabilities of the United Nations and other international organizations in this area with respect to peace‑building in the territory of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "25. The Russian Federation considers useful the proposals to decentralize responsibility for peace-keeping and peacemaking and supports the idea of enhancing the role of regional organizations in this area in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations. Progress in this direction should be gradual, and an indispensable condition should be that the Security Council bears the principal responsibility for maintaining international peace and security.", "26. The Russian Federation welcomes the conclusion between the United Nations and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) of a framework agreement on cooperation and coordination and takes note of the efforts of CSCE, the European Community, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Western European Union to settle the conflict in the territory of the former Yugoslavia on the basis of Security Council decisions and under the Council's political guidance.", "27. The question of peacemaking in the territory of the former USSR is extremely important to us. The collective peacemaking mechanisms of the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as individual regional agreements on the settlement of conflicts in particular regions of the former USSR, are currently being more actively applied in practice and the cooperation between such mechanisms and the United Nations and CSCE is increasing. As a member of those mechanisms and agreements, the Russian Federation appreciates the practical contribution of the United Nations to the settlement of these conflicts, and is prepared to cooperate further with it.", "SWEDEN", "[Original: English]", "[20 August 1993]", "Ongoing efforts", "1. The Nordic countries welcome and support the ongoing efforts to restructure the Department of Peace-keeping Operations aimed at strengthening the capacity of the United Nations in the field of peace-keeping.", "2. They especially welcome the integration of relevant parts of the Field Operations Division into the Department of Peace-keeping Operations as a step they believe will strengthen and make more effective the planning, management and administration support to the operations.", "3. They look forward to the result of the work of the stand-by planning team aimed at improving and speeding up the process by which the Organization obtains personnel or formed units and equipment from Member States for new peace-keeping operations or the expansion of existing ones.", "4. They are prepared to cooperate with the Secretariat, to the extent that resources so permit, and to find additional personnel for specific tasks in the peace-keeping field that may be provided to the United Nations on a temporary basis.", "5. The Nordic countries welcome the creation of a situation room for the operations in Somalia and the former Yugoslavia, and commend the intention of the Secretary-General to take steps towards the establishment of an integrated situation room, covering peace-keeping operations world wide. A significant strengthening of the capabilities of the United Nations Secretariat for the operational management, command and control of ongoing operations is now needed.", "6. They furthermore consider the creation of a military planning cell within the Department of Peace-keeping Operations an essential and timely measure for enhancing the capacity of the Secretariat.", "7. In addition to the measures that are already under way, the Nordic countries would however suggest that the following proposals be considered with a view to taking action on them within a near future.", "__________", " On behalf of the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.", "Organization and effectiveness", "8. The arrangements for training of peace-keeping personnel - military, civilian and police - should be reviewed and improved, using the appropriate capabilities of Member States, regional organizations and arrangements, non‑governmental organizations and the Secretariat. In particular, consideration should be given to the establishment of a training programme for key personnel of peace-keeping operations with a view to creating a pool of trained personnel with knowledge of the United Nations system and its working procedures. The Nordic countries are prepared to explore ways and means to strengthen their cooperation with the United Nations and its Member States in this field.", "9. Core staff of a peace-keeping operation should be included in the planning process at an early stage. One guiding principle for this process should be that, to the extent possible, the persons who are to implement a peace-keeping operation should also be involved in its planning. This will require increased efforts by the Secretariat to identify, in cooperation with Member States, at an early stage potential key personnel, such as force commanders and chief administrative officers, for future peace-keeping operations.", "10. Descriptions of the areas of responsibility for the different experts and advisers, as well as the regular desk officers, within the Department of Peace-keeping Operations should, as appropriate, be provided to Member States, thus facilitating communications and cooperation between all parties involved.", "Financing", "11. The serious financial situation of United Nations peace-keeping operations is of major concern to the Nordic countries. Action must be taken, bearing in mind the useful proposals in the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex) to ensure adequate financing of the peace-keeping operations, based on the principle of collective responsibility and the payment of assessed contributions in full and on time. In this connection, the Nordic countries stress the importance of reimbursing all the outstanding dues of troop-contributing countries without delay.", "12. While welcoming the establishment of the Peace-keeping Reserve Fund, the Nordic countries underline the need for further discussions on how to achieve adequate financing of the initial phase of peace-keeping operations.", "13. The Nordic countries suggest that steps be taken to enable the delegation of increased financial and administrative authority to the force commander or the special representative for a multi-component mission, as a way of enhancing the performance of the mission and achieving greater cost-efficiency. For this purpose, the existing United Nations Financial Regulations and Rules, as well as the administrative procedures for peace-keeping operations, need to be reviewed in order to increase the capacity of missions to adjust flexibly to new situations and specific requirements. Such measures must however be matched by efforts to provide adequate training to administrative personnel in the field, as well as strengthened internal control procedures.", "Agreements and guidelines", "14. The conclusion of status-of-forces agreements is essential for the creation of a well-defined working relationship between the United Nations and the host country for a peace-keeping operation. Increased efforts by the Secretariat to finalize such agreements, preferably before the deployment of a peace-keeping force, are therefore required.", "15. The Nordic countries would also like to underline the crucial importance of the model agreement between the United Nations and Member States contributing personnel and equipment to peace-keeping operations, especially as these operations become increasingly complex. The Secretariat is urged to conclude such agreements with contributing Member States.", "THAILAND", "[Original: English]", "[21 July 1993]", "I. ON GENERAL PRINCIPLES", "1. The Royal Thai Government concurs with the Secretary-General's observation that \"the foundation-stone of the work of the United Nations is and must remain the State\". Respect for sovereignty and integrity of States is therefore vital in any common international and United Nations undertaking.", "2. The Royal Thai Government is following with great interest the development in peace-enforcement activities by the United Nations. Since peace-enforcement activities entail substantial new risks, the Royal Thai Government feels that the advantages and disadvantages of each United Nations peace-enforcement activity must be thoroughly considered. In some situations, such activities may be counterproductive, especially when consent has not been obtained from all the parties involved in the conflict.", "3. The Secretary-General's suggestion that United Nations peace-keepers be sent to \"zones of instability and potential crisis\" to prevent any outbreak of hostilities also requires further careful consideration. The Royal Thai Government feels that greater clarity regarding the scope and the circumstances under which it might take place is needed.", "II. ON THE CAPACITY OF THE SECRETARIAT", "4. The Royal Thai Government welcomes the recent expansion of the Office of the Military Adviser. It also fully supports the suggestion that Field Operations Division be integrated within the Department of Peace-keeping Operations.", "III. ON PLANNING", "5. It is well recognized that planning procedures need to be improved. The Royal Thai Government feels that force commanders should be appointed early and be directly engaged in preliminary planning so that early advice concerning force composition and requirements can be given to ensure effective preparation by troop-contributing countries. Moreover, procurement and logistics procedures must also be improved.", "IV. ON COMMAND AND CONTROL", "6. The rapid expansion of peace-keeping activities has created an urgent need for a fully functional situation room/operations centre at United Nations Headquarters. The Royal Thai Government shares the view that, as a minimum requirement, such a centre must serve as a single focal point for communications and information about peace-keeping operations. In the long-run, it may serve to integrate the operational, logistics, planning and intelligence requirements of such operations.", "V. ON TRAINING", "7. The Royal Thai Government believes that much of the success of all peace-keeping activities depends on well-trained personnel. It is self-evident that training should be based on agreed standards and concepts of operations. The effort to prepare a comprehensive United Nations manual on logistics policies and procedures is most welcome. Moreover, the feasibility of setting up regional training centres should be seriously studied. This is because regional cooperation in sharing experiences could enhance Member States' capability and preparedness to contribute to peace-keeping operations.", "VI. ON FINANCE", "8. The Royal Thai Government has long been seriously concerned about the precarious situation regarding the financing of peace-keeping operations. It is our firm belief that the United Nations peace-keeping efforts are too vital to the maintenance of world peace to remain hostage to financial and budgetary restrictions. The key to solving this intractable problem, in its view, still lies in Member States paying their assessed contribution in full and on time. However, other bold and innovative approaches suggested by the Secretary-General in \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) should be seriously pursued.", "VII. ON SAFETY OF PERSONNEL", "9. As a troop-contributing country, Thailand is gravely concerned with the growing number of fatalities among peace-keeping and other personnel. The Royal Thai Government hopes that measures recommended by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/72 of 14 December 1992 will be implemented in a timely manner.", "UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND", "[Original: English]", "[20 July 1993]", "1. In response to the Security Council statement of 28 May 1993 (S/25859) on the follow-up to the \"Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111), the United Nations Secretary-General requested Member States to identify to him those areas of United Nations peace-keeping operations which required strengthening, and their ideas for positive steps that could be taken.", "General", "2. The Security Council and the United Nations Secretariat need to analyse the situation on the ground carefully before agreeing to establish a United Nations peace-keeping operation. Such operations need clear and achievable objectives linked to an ongoing political process that can provide a solution, and a precise mandate as well as the consent of the parties and confidence that the necessary resources will be made available. The United Nations and Security Council must also be clear-sighted on the possible wish of regional organizations/Member States to pass on to the United Nations operations where their own actions have not brought a solution and consider whether the United Nations should be involved. There is also a need for the United Nations to look at existing mandates critically to see what impetus can be given to bring them towards an end.", "3. The British Government welcomes the considerable efforts already made by the Secretary-General to strengthen and enhance the United Nations capability to plan and conduct peace-keeping operations. Useful initiatives have been taken, in particular the strengthening of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations, the establishment of a 24-hour situation room and the initiative of the stand-by force planning project. The United Kingdom welcomes proposals to integrate the Field Operations Division with the Department of Peace-keeping Operations.", "Command, control and planning", "4. Command and control relationships need to be more clearly defined. Unity of command at the highest levels is essential. Such unity of command is unlikely to be achieved until all aspects of a peace-keeping operations are handled by a single department at United Nations Headquarters.", "5. The actual command function (that is, the authority to assign force elements to tasks and to reassign them as necessary) should remain the responsibility of the force commander. The United Nations Headquarters should be responsible for providing direction to commanders and acting as the essential political/military interface. It should focus on strategic rather than detailed operational planning and needs improved capability in this area.", "6. The ability to react flexibility to dynamic situations required to meet the demands of peace-keeping is a product of three main factors: capacity, expertise and experience. Economy of effort is also required, not only to reduce costs but to ensure that a surge capability exists and to make sure that scarce resources are husbanded wisely. The United Kingdom believes that these four principles could best be applied to the Secretariat through the establishment of an expanded planning and operations staff - a general staff for peace-keeping. These men and women, both civilian and military, some of whom might be seconded from nations, would work to an agreed professional doctrine and would be able to provide the necessary core of the United Nations strategic planning chain principally at United Nations Headquarters in New York but also in the field. They would augment the existing embryonic planning and operations cell and provide the capacity, expertise and experience it will require if it is to be effective. Such staff should work to agreed standards with clear performance goals. Further elaboration of the tasks of the planning and operations staff is contained in the annex.", "7. The planning and operations staff would provide the United Nations with the \"nervous system\" for which its present staff is neither structured nor resourced. They would not have a command function but would hold responsibility for the initial development of an operational plan until such time as the force commander and his staff were appointed. It is important that a force commander should be associated with planning from the outset. Members of the planning and operations staff might also deploy to operations as principal staff officers to United Nations commanders. However, a balance would need to be struck between the needs in the field and the needs at headquarters in New York. Great care would have to be taken not to dilute the central core of expertise to the extent that it became ineffective. In preparing an operational plan, due regard must be paid to potential costs to ensure that expenditure does not exceed what is essential to carry out tasks effectively.", "8. There is also a need to examine the best means of drawing in staff used to working together to form the nucleus of a headquarters when deploying a new mission. States might be asked to nominate officers who could be called on by the United Nations to replace particular members of the peace-keeping staff at Headquarters who could in turn be deployed to a new mission. It is suggested that the professional nucleus of a field headquarters should be found principally from individual States involved, or lead nations. Sometimes a regional organization might provide the nucleus. Ideally personnel in staff positions should have received training in United Nations Headquarters procedures and be used to working in a multinational environment. The combination of trained personnel together with the continuity and expertise brought by deploying members of the planning and operations staff would help overcome the inherent disadvantages encountered when multinational headquarters are assembled in a mission area.", "Communications and information", "9. The United Nations needs to provide force commanders with considered political analysis based on accurate and up-to-date information about the situation on the ground. Such information is best performed by experts, often using specialized equipment. It would be prohibitively expensive for the United Nations to develop a viable in-house military information capability. The United Nations should therefore seek to make greater use of such capabilities that nations or multinational organizations already possess. Force commanders also need to be able to develop the capacity to analyse military information.", "10. The United Nations needs to develop a system-wide communication system, so that strategic communications offer value for money and efficiency. A communications working party might examine how best to ensure that all United Nations parties (including agencies) engaged in operations are able to communicate effectively with each other. The key is to ensure common standards and compatibility.", "11. The United Nations may wish to examine the need for coordinating mapping requirements and availability for operations and the appointment of a specialist mapping adviser as a member of the military staff.", "Demining", "12. The United Kingdom welcomes the appointment to the Secretariat of a mine clearance adviser. Coordination of all interested agencies is crucial.", "Doctrine and standard operating procedures for peace-keeping", "13. The fact that the United Nations draws its peace-keeping forces from many Member States is one of its greatest strengths since it means that United Nations peace-keeping missions are seen as an expression of concern by the international community as a whole and not as a means of promoting narrower national or regional interests. However, this political strength can be a source of military difficulties as forces from a variety of nations with different levels of expertise, operating to different standard operating procedures attempt to work together often for the first time.", "14. The United Kingdom's experience as a member of a multinational alliance leads it to the firm view that the publication of United Nations tactical doctrine from which standard operating procedures could be elaborated would help to smooth the integration of a United Nations force. The United Nations might wish to draw on relevant existing standard operating procedures, for example, those developed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) for a multinational environment.", "15. Once developed, doctrine and standard operating procedures adapted to take account of current operations should be disseminated more widely among membership. Troop-contributing nations should fully understand these procedures and be competent in implementing them before deployment.", "Training", "16. Training should remain a national responsibility but structured to meet individual and unit standards set by the United Nations. The potential for staff colleges around the world to draw on a common body of knowledge in training their key officers should be considered. Experienced States should be willing to send personnel to participate in work of other staff colleges, and help them develop their own training programmes.", "17. The United Nations might also examine the concept of experienced peace‑keeping nations deploying small short-term training teams to train units from less experienced nations. Such training could be organized on a regional basis and would be particularly valuable for contingents due to deploy to the same mission area.", "18. There may be scope for a more limited United Nations training venture to allow for the training of personnel pre-designated to fill key appointments in field headquarters. Much of the training could be undertaken using distance learning techniques, possibly making use of national or regional staff colleges.", "Political/military interface - cooperation with other agencies", "19. It is important to develop understanding between the military and civilians, both within peace-keeping operations and with humanitarian and other involved agencies.", "United Nations military observers/civilian observers", "20. The United Nations faces a shortage of United Nations military observers. It could consider the potential for establishing also a core of United Nations civilian observers, who could be drawn from both those with diplomatic experience and ex-military who wish to serve the United Nations, who would act along the same lines as United Nations military observers and who could provide an additional analytical capacity to reinforce work of United Nations civilian advisers. The aim might be to deploy mixed teams, United Nations military observers and United Nations civilian observers, whose combined roles might contribute to local liaison and peacemaking, who work to the same doctrine in support of a force commander.", "Logistics", "21. The United Kingdom recognizes the need to enhance the United Nations logistic capability. A first step would be the creation of standard operating procedures for all areas of logistic support, including finance. The United Kingdom welcomes the Canadian-led United Nations exercise to draw up standard operating procedures, which has its full support. It is hoped that the results will prove implementable across the spectrum of peace-keeping operations.", "22. There will be a need to follow up the creation and implementation of logistics doctrine and standard operating procedures with training of troop-contributors. A member State with expertise to offer might take the lead in drawing up a training package.", "23. There is a possible case for drawing in civilian contractors by international tender where conditions on the ground permit and where this would be financially beneficial. There would be a clear need, however, to coordinate the overall logistic effort, including any civilianized elements.", "24. There is a clear need for coordination of movement of assets and both in‑theatre casualty evacuations and out-of-theatre medical evacuations.", "25. Given pressures on United Nations international staff in the interim before developing a general staff concept, the United Nations might draw in more personnel recruited at the local level, who can fill gaps on short-term local contracts. These can be specialists in logistics, administration, accountancy and so on.", "Public information", "26. The United Nations needs to adopt a more proactive approach to public information policy for peace-keeping operations. It should seek to draw in more professionals in handling the media, since every operation is subject to intense pressures. There is a need to train Headquarters and mission staff in management of media and in presenting the case for an operation and commenting on it as it progresses. The control of such information can no longer be done exclusively from New York. A more systematic flow of information between the United Nations and troop-contributing nations would be appreciated. The United Nations might seek to recruit specialists (or indeed ex-journalists) at local level to support missions.", "27. Mission, mandates and aims need to be made clear to a host nation in advance. There is therefore a clear need for a major public information input from the time of a technical reconnaissance mission, to consider how the mandate and operation itself can best be portrayed to the host country and the local parties.", "Administration and field finance", "28. The United Nations needs to develop a highly professional and trained corps of chief administrative officers to cope with the massive needs of the current operations, while in keeping with the principle of unity of command report through the head of mission to the Department of Peace-keeping Operations in New York. Individual States might help with training to develop the best practice, a common understanding and esprit de corps. Some training for future operations can sometimes be provided by current large missions in theatre.", "29. Procedures for recruitment of civilian staff, in particular short-term contract staff, should be streamlined. Contractors who regularly supply skilled labour to the United Nations should have briefing packages and be encouraged to develop their own training courses.", "30. The United Kingdom accepts the case for a greater degree of delegated financial authority to chief administrative officers in any operation, but this would need to be matched by a system of regular inspection to establish that resources are being properly used. Military audit procedures have clear relevance to peace-keeping operations.", "Equipment, costings and finance", "31. The United Kingdom accepts that there may be an operational advantage in creating limited revolving stockpiles, possibly derived from underspending in current operations, to ensure that immediate emergency needs for deployment can be met. It is also aware, however, that costs would be incurred in storage maintenance, rotation and wastage through obsolescence. The financial implications of the above would need to be fully examined before this issue could be considered further.", "32. The greater use of dormant contracts between the United Nations and commercial companies and nations for frequently used items should also be considered. Costs would need to be pre-negotiated and stocks subject to inspection.", "33. The United Nations should consider applying to all troop-contributing nations a standard leasing arrangement for advanced military equipment as opposed to using a depreciation formula.", "34. It might be worth exploring the possibilities for payment in kind by States who have appropriate and good condition military equipment up to a limited percentage of their assessed contributions, subject to inspection and verification and prior agreement on costings for individual items and a maintenance package.", "35. Before passage of a resolution, the United Nations needs to present as fully costed an estimate of potential costs as possible, preferably a minimum of 48 hours in advance so that all Member States can consider the financial implications before a vote is taken.", "36. The United Kingdom accepts in principle that from the moment of passage of a resolution, the United Nations Secretariat should send out assessment notices amounting to 20 per cent of estimated costs to meet immediate deployment needs. These would require potential costings to be available much sooner. It could also be helpful for these to be discussed in advance with, for example, the 15 major financial contributors. Pending responses, the Secretary-General should be entitled to draw on the peace-keeping reserve fund for starting costs.", "37. However, this is only a short-term solution. In the longer term, there is no substitute for Member States' paying their assessed contributions promptly and in full. Member States, particularly persistent debtors, should continue to be urged at every opportunity to improve their payment record.", "38. Enhancing the effectiveness of United Nations peace-keeping proposals, which of themselves would add to expenditure, should be financed by offsetting savings achieved through a reprioritization within the regular budget or a peace-keeping operations budget, whichever is appropriate.", "Stand-by forces", "39. The United Kingdom welcomes the initiation of the stand-by force planning project. For peace-keeping forces to be able to deploy rapidly and properly equipped for the task in hand, it is essential for the Secretary-General to have accurate information on forces Member States are prepared to make available. The verification process is important. An annual update and inspection of a percentage of units declared would seem appropriate. Alternatively, the United Nations could follow NATO practice in sending teams to interrogate States regularly (as with the NATO defence planning questionnaire). The United Kingdom welcomes the projected visit to NATO.", "40. The United Kingdom maintains full-time, professional armed forces who undertake a variety of commitments world wide. The nature of these commitments makes it impossible for the United Kingdom to earmark forces solely for United Nations service. It would not be possible to guarantee availability. Notwithstanding, the United Kingdom is prepared to consider further requests to commit forces to United Nations peace-keeping operations on a case-by-case basis taking account of resources already committed elsewhere.", "41. The United Kingdom will therefore cooperate fully with the stand-by force planning team, which is due to visit the United Kingdom in the near future, by explaining the range of relevant command and operational capabilities it maintains, though any request for deployment would need to be considered on a case-by-case basis.", "42. Nations contributing initial forces would wish to be certain that a commitment to deploy early was matched by a United Nations commitment to agree on a firm end date for their commitment. There may be merit in investigating further the concept of nations with well-trained, equipped and available forces providing the first wave of a peace-keeping force, thereby allowing other nations the time to train and equip their forces to the required standard.", "43. The team might also look at logistic support, including strategic lift, that Member States might be able to put at United Nations disposal.", "United Nations civilian police", "44. United Nations civilian police play a key role in United Nations operations, but police forces differ widely in their training and practice. The United Nations might consider a stand-by planning exercise also to examine the availability, type and training of civilian police to assess what type of police force is most appropriate for a mission.", "Role of regional organizations", "45. The United Kingdom supports a greater role for regional organizations in peacemaking and potentially in peace-keeping. They have an intimate knowledge of local conditions and can provide expert knowledge on background to the conflict.", "46. Consideration might therefore be given to enhancing and encouraging liaison with appropriate regional organizations.", "47. The United Kingdom also sees some scope for the use of regional organizations to help with training for peace-keeping and possibly to conduct multinational exercises.", "48. The United Kingdom supports the concept of a division of labour with regional organizations taking a greater role in their own areas particularly as regards peacemaking, while recognizing at all times the primacy of the United Nations in situations relating to international peace and security.", "ANNEX", "Some of the functions the planning and operations", "staff might include", "(a) The preparation of advice for the Secretary-General on all aspects of United Nations peace support operations.", "(b) The development of broad contingency plans and the maintenance of the stand-by force database.", "(c) Making proposals on force requirements, command, control and communications, logistics, rules of engagement and training needs and standards.", "(d) Liaising with nations and regional and other organizations, particularly in the areas covered by (b) and (c) above.", "(e) Supporting special representative reconnaissance missions and developing military appreciations.", "(f) Overseeing the implementation of policy established by the Security Council for United Nations operations.", "(g) Provision of 24-hour support for current operations.", "(h) Preparation of post-operation reports for the Security Council.", "YUGOSLAVIA", "[Original: English]", "[26 August 1993]", "1. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia supports the initiative and efforts to define the criteria and foundations of international relations and the appropriate role of the United Nations in the new conditions established in the post-cold-war period, particularly so the insistence of the Secretary-General to seek solutions to all problems and conflicts by peaceful means.", "2. Considering that the central role and importance of the United Nations in all future processes of establishing, safeguarding and promoting world peace is widely recognized and accepted, it is quite understandable that the approach and basic orientations of the \"Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) enjoy broad support among United Nations Member States, including that of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia did make its own contribution to the activities related to the preparations of the \"Agenda\", even though that contribution was often limited in size and scope owing to United Nations sanctions, short of which it would have been much more extensive and in line with what Yugoslavia had been ready and able to offer.", "3. As one of the founding Member States of the United Nations, which participated in many peace missions under United Nations auspices throughout the history of the world Organization, Yugoslavia has been one of the staunchest adherents to the basic principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, such as peace, peaceful cooperation, confidence-building and the promotion of relations among States and respect for human rights aimed at furthering all-round prosperity.", "4. There is no doubt that the new quality of international relations in the post-cold-war period, characterized by the desire for cooperation rather than confrontation, calls for appropriate structural, as well as conceptual adjustments of the United Nations, which should being about greater efficiency and appropriate responses to the challenges of the time to come. At the same time, the Member States themselves, including the largest, the most powerful and the most developed amongst them, should also adapt their own policies and views. In doing so, they should always bear in mind that the basic principles of the Charter of the United Nations are the cornerstone on which all future United Nations activities should be based. For the United Nations has been entrusted with the most sacred of missions, the preservation of world peace and security, and it bears the primary responsibility for the discharge of this role in an effective, impartial and just way in accordance with international law. Consequently, the transformation of international institutions, primarily of the United Nations, in accordance with the new requirements, should be effected through multilateral forms of cooperation with equal participation by all its Member States. There is no doubt that the most appropriate forum for all these activities is the United Nations General Assembly.", "5. It would be politically naive to disregard the weight and power of the world's most powerful States and their influence on the formulation of the future system of international relations. Therefore, future activities related to the establishment of the system initiated by the \"Agenda\" must be carried out with a great deal of responsibility in the approach of all relevant factors, and of these countries in particular. If developments were to promote the interests of some countries or some groups of countries at the expense of the interests of others, the basic intentions proclaimed in the \"Agenda\" would be cancelled out.", "6. The decisions adopted or to be adopted by the Security Council on the crisis in former Yugoslavia are eloquent proof that the questions dealt with in the \"Agenda\" deserve urgent attention and that they should be addressed without bias and partiality, which, unfortunately, has not been the case with regard to Yugoslavia.", "7. At the outbreak of the Yugoslav crisis, the United Nations set up a peace protection force (UNPROFOR) with a specific task to protect the population until a durable political solution was reached. On the ground, UNPROFOR established effective cooperation with the European Community (EC) Monitor Mission. UNPROFOR's mandate was gradually expanded, both territory-wise (in addition to United Nations protected areas, it included former Bosnia-Herzegovina, Prevlaka and Macedonia) and assignment-wise, as a result of which the peace operations in the territory of the former Yugoslavia are now the largest, the most complex and the most expensive peace operation in the history of the United Nations. During its mission, resolutions were adopted authorizing the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter to ensure humanitarian aid deliveries and to impose safe havens in former Bosnia-Herzegovina. Close cooperation has been established between the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the implementation of the Security Council decisions on the no-fly zone in former Bosnia-Herzegovina.", "8. Without a proper prior assessment of the situation, the Security Council adopted the resolutions, establishing unjust and unfair sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. By their severity and comprehensiveness these sanctions are without precedent in the history of the United Nations and punish an entire people. Particularly absurd is resolution 820 (1993), sealing off the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from the outside world, which - adding insult to injury - was adopted because Bosnian Serbs, citizens of another United Nations recognized State, had refused to accept the Vance-Owen Plan for former Bosnia-Herzegovina. The adoption of this resolution at that time was an exercise in sanctimony since the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had supported the Vance‑Owen Plan as a framework of the quest for a durable and just peace, acceptable to all three warring parties in the civil war in former Bosnia-Herzegovina. The \"unbearable lightness\" of the international community in dealing with the crisis in the former Yugoslavia has been borne out by events: the Vance-Owen Plan has been all but abandoned, yet not only have the sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia not been lifted, but their strict implementation continues to be insisted upon. Such inconsistency, even arbitrariness, in upholding the principles and purposes of the Charter are far from being contributory to the strengthening of world peace and security, much less to the adoption and affirmation of the \"Agenda for Peace\".", "9. Against this backdrop, the experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in its cooperation with the United Nations in the context of the resolution of the crisis in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is of great value for the future work of the United Nations in the field of peace-keeping, its financing and personnel recruitment, but also as an example of dangerous precedents that have been made on behalf and under the authority of the world Organization.", "10. In this context, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia feels called upon to make some remarks on some inadmissible tendencies in international relations that were particularly manifest in the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis. Proceeding from Yugoslavia's lasting commitment to peace and the basic principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law, as well as from the experience gained in the resolution of the crisis in the former Yugoslavia, a number of views on the \"Agenda for Peace\" are presented below.", "11. The importance and role of the United Nations in establishing, safeguarding and promoting world peace and security are irreplaceable. The United Nations is and must continue to be the main effective and impartial centre of all activities aimed at establishing, safeguarding and protecting world peace and security.", "12. The Security Council is the main executive organ of the United Nations, primarily responsible for ensuring peace and international security. This role of the Security Council was very much in evidence during the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis. Unfortunately, some new and negative tendencies have also come to the fore.", "13. During the adoption of relevant decisions in the Security Council, particularly those concerning the war in former Bosnia-Herzegovina, there was a high level of agreement, especially among the permanent members of the Security Council, as a result of which decisions were, as a rule, adopted unanimously in contrast to the period of the cold war, a practice far from being negative by itself. This is, no doubt, an important new quality and a sign of the strengthened role of the Security Council. This tendency, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is convinced it shares the opinion of many other countries, is laudable only if the Security Council unanimity does not reflect the absolute supremacy and arbitrary role of some of its permanent members, to which other countries acquiesce tacitly or which they at least do not disapprove overtly, aware of their inability in the given constellation of forces to exercise decisive influence and thus modify or even prevent adoption of certain decisions.", "14. With all this in mind and without prejudice to the importance of the Security Council and the universality of interests and the need to establish durable and stable peace, the processes initiated within the \"Agenda\" should include all those concerned, all United Nations Member States, in mapping out future solutions. The most appropriate form of their involvement is through their activity in the General Assembly, while the role of this main United Nations body should be considerably strengthened.", "15. As a State that has contributed greatly to the formulation of the role of United Nations peace-keeping forces and other United Nations activities, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia does understand the importance of United Nations peace-keeping operations and its regular financing.", "16. The experience of all United Nations peace-keeping missions, and particularly that acquired in civil wars, such as in former Bosnia-Herzegovina and Somalia, has proved that one of the priority roles of these missions is to provide humanitarian assistance. The special problem is to ensure the protection of United Nations forces. Considering the complexity of these issues, an efficient solution of the problem that would ensure a smooth running of United Nations activities, particularly those in which use of force is involved, must be sought on the basis of strict observance of the principles of the Charter and the relevant provisions of international law, and a carefully thought-out and worked-out concept, taking account of all relevant elements and specificities of the State and the region in question. The United Nations should therefore be involved in a country exclusively with the consent of the country concerned. This all the more so since the United Nations mandate is being ever more frequently extended to include questions falling traditionally within the competence of States themselves, while solutions are being increasingly sought through arrangements that include the use of force either by the United Nations or by resorting to military assistance outside the United Nations system, to which the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has very strong objections.", "17. A future international order that would be based on precedents, depart from, or even flagrantly violate, the basic principles of the Charter and international law, resort to double standards, as has been the unfortunate practice in dealing with the Yugoslav crisis, particularly evident in the international recognition of the forcible secession of the administrative parts of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the refusal to recognize the legality of the international continuity of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, as well as in the establishment of the unjust, unfair and almost racist sanctions against an entire nation, would not only be dangerous and lead to chaos, but would, no doubt, become a source of lasting tension, conflicts and threats to peace and security. The Yugoslav example provides abundant evidence in this regard.", "18. This evidence is replete with ever more frequent and dangerous attempts to involve regional organizations outside the territories of their member States (EC, NATO, the Western European Union (WEU) and the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)) under the pretext of enlisting their cooperation with the United Nations in maintaining peace and security. This is done for the very obvious reason of accomplishing in this way special political, strategic and other goals and interests. Particularly unacceptable is the effort to use the United Nations as a smokescreen for achieving separate and essentially expansionist goals. It is the bounden duty of the United Nations to prevent these attempts. These issues must be given serious consideration also during their discussion within the preparation of the \"Agenda\", if we are to ensure the United Nations a new place and role in maintaining peace and security and promote progress and prosperity all over the world.", "19. The experience acquired from the Yugoslav crisis reveals a new tendency, which, if continued, could have very serious repercussions for the future development of international relations. In point of fact, the United Nations and its Security Council resort must more easily today to the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter. In doing so, they depart ever more frequently from the basic principles of the Charter and from the spirit and norms of international law or interpret them very broadly, sometimes even arbitrarily. The most striking example is the decision to establish an International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia. It is obvious that a small number of countries had a decisive influence on the adoption of such a decision, whereby they sought to realize some of their specific interests by abusing the authority of the United Nations.", "20. It is extremely dangerous if Security Council decisions are adopted hastily, if they are based on false accusations and are politically motivated, which, unfortunately, has often been the case in the process of dealing with the Yugoslav crisis.", "21. Such precedents pay lip service to the credibility and authority of the world Organization, they are not conducive to confidence-building and cannot serve as a model for solving future conflicts. The unjust, unfair and extremely tough sanctions imposed against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia are tell‑tale evidence of the unacceptable departure from the established principles of the Charter and the fundamental principles and norms of international law.", "22. A glaring example of duplicity and double standard has been the denial of the right of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to participate in the activities of the United Nations and of other international bodies and organizations. Such a method of punishing a State, a full-fledged Member of the United Nations, which has no legal grounds in the Charter or in international law, is far from being suitable for solving international problems and conflicts. It is particularly unsuitable for dealing with a civil war like the one being waged in the territory of the former Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina.", "23. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia attaches absolute priority in its international relations to political means in solving all conflicts and disputes and, in this context, it highly appreciates and welcomes the efforts of the Secretary-General to bring about a peaceful settlement of some crises and conflicts. Special attention in the elaboration of the future United Nations activities within the \"Agenda\" should therefore be devoted to peaceful settlement of disputes and to preventive diplomacy. In this context, the International Court of Justice, whose role has been unjustly neglected, should be given added importance and its expert and unbiased advice should be sought and used much more often in the future.", "24. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is of the opinion that force and coercive measures, sanctions in particular, under Chapter VII of the Charter should be resorted to only as a final option to be used only after the international community has exhausted all other means in the quest for a peaceful solution. Coercive measures, sanctions in particular, cannot solve an international conflict, especially not a civil war, and they have never been nor can they be an alternative to the settlement of problems and conflicts by peaceful and political means in accordance with the Charter. If the international community would nevertheless opt for coercive measures, this option must be based on the Charter and backed by relevant evidence and explanation. The procedure for the adoption of such a decision and the decision itself must leave no room for doubt as to whether the situation addressed by the Security Council justifies the adoption of the measures on the basis of Chapter VII nor to question the motives of the Security Council in taking such a decision.", "25. An exhaustive study of the measures taken against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under Chapter VII of the Charter, particularly of the effects of the sanctions on Yugoslavia, as well as on Yugoslavia's neighbours and other countries of the region, would certainly facilitate the discussion of the issues envisaged by the \"Agenda\". It would help put in proper perspective all the negative experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its neighbour States in dealing with United Nations sanctions, particularly their effects on the most vulnerable categories of the population - infants, children, the old and the ailing.", "26. Looking back on all the experience Yugoslavia has had with the attempts of the international community to solve the Yugoslav crisis, especially with the harmful consequences of United Nations sanctions, it is proposed that sanctions should be imposed very selectively and only as a means of last resort and that they should be of limited duration.", "27. Considering the very serious consequences of the sanctions for the overall socio-political life of the country on which they are imposed and of the countries affected by them indirectly, there is every justice in the request that special attention be accorded also to the establishment of mechanisms for rendering financial and other assistance to the countries affected by sanctions through no fault of their own.", "28. The destructive and far-reaching negative consequences of present-day conflicts, especially of civil and inter-ethnic wars, increasing in number in recent years, point to the need that some of the issues dealt with in the \"Agenda\" related to the period following the cessation of a conflict be given special emphasis in future deliberations. In this context, in addition to the issues related to economic recovery and reconstruction, of special importance are humanitarian issues as well as the issues related to the protection of human rights.", "29. In general and considering the principle of justice, peace and security, as well as the problem of the constellation of forces at every given moment, it is quite legitimate to ask whether sanctions should be mandatory or recommendable by nature, that is, whether they should be better left to the political will and assessment of individual Member States to decide for themselves on their implementation. The legitimacy of this issue is best illustrated in the case of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. There are quite a number of countries that consider that sanctions against Yugoslavia are too tough, unjust and unfair, but they have to implement them because of the decision of the Security Council.", "30. The set of issues from the field of human rights and ensuring a consistent implementation of generally accepted standards must certainly be in the focus of interests and activity of the United Nations. However, it is unacceptable and absolutely inadmissible that this sensitive matter is used as a pretext for interference in internal affairs of sovereign States, particularly in cases of intervention. The sensitivity and complexity of this matter and in particular the specificity of every region and country, leave no room for any arbitrariness and wilfulness. The responsibility of the United Nations in this field is enormous.", "31. The activities of the United Nations must not be subordinated to the exclusive interests either of the countries that are the object of the activities or of those which, guided by their separate interests, may aspire to channel the activities of the United Nations in directions that correspond with their interests alone. Within the discussion of the issues dealt with in the \"Agenda\", special efforts should be made to establish a stable mechanism that would ensure an objective approach to and equality in rendering humanitarian assistance and would eliminate each and every bias of States that, as a rule, are principal donors. Needless to say, a consistent implementation of the principles of the Charter and of the relevant rules of international law must be the basis for undertaking any action under the auspices or through a mechanism of the United Nations.", "32. In this context, a singular benchmark is the experience acquired in the Yugoslav crisis, in particular in the civil, inter-ethnic and religious war in former Bosnia-Herzegovina. It goes without saying that civil wars threaten the basic human rights of all, irrespective of national origin. Nobody is innocent in a civil war. This must, therefore, be the point of departure in rendering humanitarian assistance and in considering threats to human rights in war‑affected areas. Punishing one side in a civil war alone cannot provide a sound basis for a lasting and just solution.", "33. There is, therefore, hardly any justification for punishing a State that is not a party to a conflict, as has been the case with the imposition of sanctions only against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under an unfounded and absurd accusation that it has committed aggression against former Bosnia‑Herzegovina. This is apparent also to key international factors, particularly those which initiated and forced their establishment.", "34. In accordance with the principled position of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on the use of force and coercive measures, the sensitivity of issues related to \"rapid intervention forces\", to which the Secretary-General attaches great importance, is stressed. These complex issues call for a thorough elaboration to which all United Nations Member States should make a contribution since they are certainly most directly interested in laying out a clear framework in this regard.", "35. In conclusion, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia pledges once again its readiness to make a full contribution to the elaboration of the \"Agenda for Peace\", as well as to all the activities of the United Nations and other international organizations in accordance with the principles and goals of the Charter of the United Nations and the basic principles and norms of international law.", "II. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS", "ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH-EAST ASIAN NATIONS", "[Original: English]", "[26 July 1993]", "1. The United Nations is central to the maintenance of international security and order. The Secretary-General's proposals in his report \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) represent new thinking and an innovative approach towards strengthening this United Nations role, as spelt out in the Charter. It is a reflection of the changed global strategic conditions that the United Nations can now more effectively perform its preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peace-keeping and peace-building functions that play an essential part in conflict prevention and conflict resolution. However, new conflicts and problems have emerged at the regional and subregional levels, thereby resulting in increased demands on the United Nations.", "2. In the Asia-Pacific region, the shifts in the global strategic balance have already led to adjustments in the policies of the major Powers as well as in those of the regional countries. In view of the present uncertainties, ASEAN has endeavoured to establish with the major Asia-Pacific countries mechanisms for continuous regional security dialogues and consultations to anticipate and resolve problems before they reach the crisis or conflict level. In this regard, ASEAN and the major Powers can complement some of the regional conflict-prevention and conflict-resolution roles of the United Nations in the Asia‑Pacific. In South-East Asia, it was the efforts of the United Nations through the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) that led to the peaceful and successful outcome of the general elections in Cambodia in May 1993. ASEAN would like to see the United Nations continue with its regional role in preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peace-keeping and post-conflict peace-building. ASEAN also believes that the cause of international peace and stability will be strengthened by global economic dynamism and social development.", "Preventive diplomacy", "3. ASEAN endorses the Secretary-General's views on preventive diplomacy and, in particular, the proposals to develop the concept of preventive diplomacy through measures such as confidence-building, fact-finding and early warning. It is vital that potential conflicts be identified and limited before they erupt. ASEAN can play a role in regional preventive diplomacy in cooperation with the United Nations. The principle of preventive diplomacy and the peaceful settlement of disputes is enshrined in the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in South-East Asia.", "4. ASEAN supports in principle confidence-building measures identified by the Secretary-General. ASEAN itself can be seen as a successful exercise in regional confidence-building. It has initiated broad concepts of regional confidence-building such as the Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality and the South-East Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone. The ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea is another example of regional confidence-building. ASEAN has also supported the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms.", "5. ASEAN welcomes the adoption by consensus of General Assembly resolution 47/120 of 18 December 1992, which, inter alia, includes some important decisions on fact-finding. In endorsing the Declaration on Fact-finding by the United Nations in the Field of the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, as adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 46/59 on 9 December 1991, ASEAN notes that fact-finding missions undertaken by the Secretary-General, the Security Council or the Assembly would adhere to the guidelines adopted by the Assembly, in particular prior consent of the States involved. Article 99 of the Charter allows the Secretary-General to request the Security Council to consider and act on matters that may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security, and this can serve as an element of preventive diplomacy.", "6. ASEAN agrees with many of the Secretary-General's proposals on early warning, namely, efforts to establish an effective early-warning mechanism and that regional organizations have an important role to play in early warning.", "Peacemaking", "7. ASEAN supports the Secretary-General's proposal for a greater role for the Security Council in the peaceful settlement of disputes, as indicated in Chapter VI of the Charter. The Council should remain the primary organ for the maintenance of international peace and security and resolving issues that have led to conflict. The General Assembly as a universal body should be utilized as appropriate in pre-empting or containing situations that threatened international peace and security. This has been demonstrated in ASEAN's experience with the Cambodian issue. Special representatives of the Secretary-General could also be appointed for specific regions/countries in order to enhance the knowledge of the United Nations and give forewarning of potential trouble spots. ASEAN also believes that, in cases of conflict, peacemaking could be facilitated by international action to ameliorate these circumstances. A more effective International Court of Justice would be desirable.", "8. ASEAN is also of the view that, in drawing up sanctions regimes, the Security Council should take into account humanitarian considerations. In this regard, the Council should undertake a study on the effectiveness of various types of sanctions in achieving desired objectives.", "9. ASEAN in principle supports the Secretary-General's advocation of the use of military force as a transition to United Nations enforcement actions when peaceful measures fail. With a view to improving peace-keeping operations, the experience of how UNTAC has worked out, both on the ground and at United Nations Headquarters, together with the possibility of setting up a United Nations force for peace-enforcement, could be further studied. There should be flexibility in assembling the forces since there are countries with constitutional constraints and problems of public opinion. The main bulk of the peace-enforcement units could come from those countries which are willing to offer forces.", "Peace-keeping", "10. ASEAN generally supports the Secretary-General's proposals on peace‑keeping pertaining to financial and logistical issues. However, ASEAN believes that there is a need to make United Nations peace-keeping operations more cost‑effective. ASEAN also urges all countries to pay their assessed contributions in full and on time. Personnel offered for peace-keeping activities must be highly competent, experienced and well-trained to cope with the increasingly challenging task of implementing and enforcing United Nations mandates. Training of personnel for peace-keeping operations should be based on agreed United Nations standards and concepts of operations.", "Peace-building", "11. ASEAN shares in the Secretary-General's belief that peace-building should be viewed as a counterpart to preventive diplomacy. Peace-building, especially in post-conflict situations, should address not only political problems of institutional and infrastructure development but also non-military threats to security such as the economic and social causes of instability.", "Financing", "12. ASEAN recognizes that a solid and stable financial foundation constitutes a vital precondition for the effective and efficient implementation of all United Nations programmes and activities. This is particularly true today when the Organization is confronted with increasing demands and challenges in particular in the area of peace-keeping operations. Currently, the United Nations is administering 14 peace-keeping operations in various regions of the world. This unprecedented increase in the number of peace-keeping operations undertaken by the United Nations since its inception is certainly stretching its scarce resources as the receipt of contributions has not kept pace with the cash requirements of each operation. This deplorable financial situation of the United Nations still remains and is simply due to the fact that a number of Member States fail to meet their statutory obligations under the Charter, which require them to pay their assessed contributions on time, both to the regular budget and to the peace-keeping operations. ASEAN therefore urges all the Member States to pay their assessed contributions in full and on time.", "Conclusion", "13. ASEAN welcomes and commends many of the proposals of the Secretary-General in his report \"An Agenda for Peace\". The Asia-Pacific region in the 1990s is in a healthy state, its countries are at peace both internally and with each other. Major international changes that have occurred after the end of the cold war have generated some uncertainties but also provided an historic opportunity for international cooperation to strengthen the prospects for global peace and prosperity. The world community has an obligation to act in order to save future generations from the scourge of war. The Secretary-General's proposals as contained in \"An Agenda for Peace\" are important steps towards international peace and stability. In enhancing the effectiveness of the United Nations in the maintenance of international peace and security, one cannot ignore the urgent need for a comprehensive and integrated approach towards peace, development and democracy. The time has come for the United Nations to move beyond recognizing that peace and prosperity are interrelated, and to adopt concrete measures and programmes of action.", "COMMONWEALTH SECRETARIAT", "[For the full text, see document S/25996/Add.2.]", "-----" ]	[ "[]NACIONES", "UNIDAS", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/403/Add.1", "S/26450/Add.1", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: ARABE/FRANCES/", "INGLES/RUSO", "ASAMBLEA GENERAL CONSEJO DE SEGURIDAD", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones Cuadragésimo octavo año", "Tema 87 del programa", "EXAMEN AMPLIO DE TODA LA CUESTION DE LAS", "OPERACIONES DE MANTENIMIENTO DE LA PAZ", "EN TODOS SUS ASPECTOS", "Mejoramiento de la capacidad de mantenimiento de", "la paz de las Naciones Unidas", "Informe del Secretario General", "Adición", "INDICE", "Página", "I. RESPUESTAS RECIBIDAS DE LOS ESTADOS MIEMBROS[1] 2", "Australia 2", "Federación de Rusia 2", "Francia 8", "Namibia 15", "Qatar 16", "Suecia 17", "Tailandia 19", "Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte 21", "Yugoslavia 30", "II. RESPUESTAS RECIBIDAS DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES INTERGUBERNAMENTALES", "Asociación de Naciones del Asia Sudoriental 38", "Secretaría del Commonwealth 41", "I. RESPUESTAS RECIBIDAS DE LOS ESTADOS MIEMBROS", "AUSTRALIA", "[Original: inglés]", "[6 de agosto de 1993]", "1. En \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277-S/24111) se señala que el carácter de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz ha evolucionado rápidamente en los últimos años. Los mandatos se han vuelto más complejos y tanto el tamaño y la composición de las fuerzas de mantenimiento de la paz como el número de operaciones en marcha en un determinado momento representan una considerable variación con respecto a la experiencia de los primeros 40 años de las Naciones Unidas.", "2. En gran medida, esta expansión de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz y la diversificación de las funciones del personal de dichas operaciones han tenido lugar sin que hubiera un debate o un consenso explícito sobre la función que debería corresponder a las Naciones Unidas y a otros órganos ni sobre los límites políticos y prácticos que convendría poner con respecto a las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "3. Las exigencias de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz superan ya la actual capacidad logística y de planificación de las Naciones Unidas y plantean a los Estados Miembros una necesidad cada vez mayor de recursos financieros y humanos. Se reconoce en general que las Naciones Unidas no pueden ya dar más de sí, pues su nivel de organización, recursos y procedimientos ya no es suficiente para hacer frente a todas las exigencias.", "4. Por consiguiente, hay cada vez más motivos para convenir en que las condiciones para establecer operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz deben ser más previsibles y que se deben definir más claramente los límites de lo que de una manera realista cabe esperar que consigan las Naciones Unidas.", "5. El Gobierno de Australia se está actualmente formando una opinión sobre el medio óptimo de enunciar esas condiciones. Al mismo tiempo, apoya plenamente los esfuerzos por aumentar la eficacia de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas. Acoge con agrado las recientes reformas encaminadas a fortalecer la capacidad de la Secretaría de planificación, logística y mando y control de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz y seguirá participando activamente en los debates y en la elaboración de propuestas por los Estados Miembros, en consulta con el Secretario General, sobre los medios prácticos de mejorar la eficacia de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "FEDERACION DE RUSIA", "[Original: ruso]", "[14 de septiembre de 1993]", "1. Los profundos cambios que han ocurrido en el mundo durante los últimos años han modificado el carácter de los retos a que hacen frente la paz y la seguridad internacionales. Ahora, la amenaza principal a la humanidad no proviene de la posibilidad del estallido nuclear entre las grandes Potencias, sino de las crisis regionales que tienen una base nacional, étnica y religiosa.", "2. En consecuencia, están ocurriendo cambios en las prioridades de la comunidad internacional en la esfera de la seguridad. La mayoría de los Estados se centran actualmente en las medidas de mantenimiento de la paz, y, por consiguiente, ha surgido la necesidad de fortalecer la capacidad de las Naciones Unidas para el establecimiento de la paz.", "3. La Federación de Rusia toma nota con satisfacción de que en los últimos años las Naciones Unidas, a pesar de todas las dificultades, han logrado un progreso considerable en la adaptación de sus actividades de establecimiento de la paz a unas condiciones en proceso de transformación. No hay necesidad de mencionar los hechos ni las tendencias, pues son bien conocidos.", "4. Al mismo tiempo han surgido nuevos problemas. Los Estados, al cifrar cada vez más esperanzas en las medidas de establecimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas, no siempre están dispuestos a hacer una aportación práctica a estas medidas ni a asignar los recursos materiales, técnicos, financieros y humanos necesarios. A veces se percibe incluso cierta impaciencia y una actitud crítica cuando las medidas de establecimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas se estancan o no aportan unos resultados rápidos y aparentes. La seguridad mundial y el futuro de la propia Organización dependerán en gran medida de la capacidad de las Naciones Unidas de adaptarse de forma eficaz y sin trabas a la realidad de un mundo que ha cambiado.", "5. El informe del Secretario General titulado \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277‑S/24111) constituye una importante contribución al desarrollo del concepto de establecimiento de la paz. El análisis detallado de este documento en el Consejo de Seguridad ha demostrado la oportunidad de dar una forma concreta a las tesis que contiene el informe y de definir las prioridades comunes de los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas.", "6. También en la Asamblea General se ha iniciado el debate sustantivo sobre \"Un programa de paz\", cuyos resultados se esperan con gran interés.", "7. En este contexto la Federación de Rusia apoya plenamente la recomendación del Consejo de Seguridad de que todos los Estados hagan parte de su política de seguridad exterior e interior la participación en el mantenimiento internacional de la paz y el apoyo a éste. Este principio fundamental se refleja en los documentos teóricos de política exterior y en los instrumentos normativos de la Federación de Rusia que se están elaborando actualmente.", "8. Las disposiciones que figuran en la declaración del Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad, formulada el 28 de mayo de 1993 (S/25859), tienen por objeto ayudar a aclarar y a desarrollar la orientación política general y los principios operacionales en que se apoya la realización de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. Una contribución útil a la determinación de la base para la realización de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz figura también en el documento preparado por el grupo especial de expertos sobre la cooperación en materia de mantenimiento de la paz establecido por el Consejo de Cooperación del Atlántico del Norte. Consideramos que las disposiciones de ese documento podrían tenerse en cuenta en la preparación del informe del Secretario General a las Naciones Unidas.", "9. La efectividad de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas podría aumentar considerablemente mediante una utilización más amplia y eficaz de los recursos que ofrece la diplomacia preventiva. Entre los nuevos aspectos de esta actividad la Federación de Rusia acoge con satisfacción el primer despliegue preventivo de un contingente de las Naciones Unidas en Macedonia como paso importante en la búsqueda de nuevos enfoques en la esfera de la prevención de conflictos. También podría resultar valiosa la continuación de la elaboración del concepto de \"zonas seguras\".", "10. La Federación de Rusia está dispuesta a participar en la presentación al Secretario General de la información necesaria, incluida la confidencial, para una diplomacia preventiva eficaz y las actividades de mantenimiento de la paz en su conjunto.", "11. La Federación de Rusia apoya la idea de que el Consejo de Seguridad debe hacer pleno uso de sus atribuciones en virtud de la Carta para dirigir a las partes en el conflicto hacia una solución pacífica negociada. Además, acoge con satisfacción los esfuerzos enérgicos y decididos desplegados en los últimos meses por el Secretario General en el ejercicio de sus prerrogativas en cuanto a la mediación y los buenos oficios y considera que las consultas estrechas y constantes que ha celebrado con el Consejo de Seguridad tienen una importancia excepcional para la elaboración de una estrategia común.", "12. La Federación de Rusia está interesada en que se elabore cuanto antes un procedimiento concreto para poner en práctica las disposiciones del Artículo 50 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas. En particular, sería conveniente consolidar la práctica según la cual el Consejo de Seguridad recomienda al Fondo Monetario Internacional, al Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Fomento y a otras instituciones financieras multilaterales que tengan debidamente en cuenta los perjuicios causados a \"terceros países\" por las sanciones, cuando se asignen fondos a esos países por conducto de dichas organizaciones.", "13. La experiencia de las últimas operaciones de las Naciones Unidas de mantenimiento de la paz, en particular en Bosnia y Herzegovina, Camboya y Somalia, demuestran la importancia de que no haya interrupciones en toda la cadena funcional: la planificación, la preparación, el apoyo logístico y el control de la realización de las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas de mantenimiento de la paz. A su vez, esto supone una interacción claramente definida de los contingentes nacionales, una organización adecuada del sistema de mando, así como la elaboración de unas normas precisas de realización de las operaciones y de los criterios del uso de la fuerza. Es evidente que las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz con \"mandatos complicados\" exigen un planteamiento especial, incluida la selección de los contingentes de las fuerzas de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas (teniendo en cuenta su experiencia y su eficiencia militar), la adecuación de las medidas coercitivas, etc.", "14. Es muy importante que las operaciones se inicien en el contexto de un objetivo claro de solución política, y no simplemente como una reacción de la comunidad mundial a unas situaciones en que \"algo hay que hacer\".", "15. Un componente importante del éxito de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz es una base financiera sólida. La crítica situación actual a este respecto es, ante todo, consecuencia de la falta de voluntad política de los Estados en cuanto al apoyo de la estabilidad mundial a través de las medidas de las Naciones Unidas de mantenimiento de la paz, como demuestra en particular el hecho (citado en el informe Volcker-Ogata (A/48/460, anexo)) de que, como promedio, de cada 1.000 dólares que gastan los Estados para fines de defensa, a las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas de mantenimiento de la paz corresponde únicamente 1,50 dólares.", "16. Se debe centrar la atención en la elaboración de un mecanismo para un control más riguroso de la planificación y la utilización racional de los recursos humanos, materiales y técnicos en las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas. En particular, se podría fortalecer la función del Comité Consultivo en Asuntos Administrativos y de Presupuesto en todas las etapas de la preparación y de la ejecución de los presupuestos de las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas.", "17. También debería prestarse atención a la cuestión de la financiación de la etapa inicial de una operación en el caso de despliegue de emergencia. La Federación de Rusia está dispuesta a apoyar la propuesta del Secretario General de elaborar nuevos arreglos para acelerar la asignación de recursos a una nueva operación inmediatamente después de que haya sido establecida por el Consejo de Seguridad.", "18. La Federación de Rusia sigue teniendo dudas acerca de la creación de un presupuesto único para todas las operaciones, puesto que dejaría sin resolver el problema principal de la necesidad de ajustar los gastos y aumentar la eficacia de las operaciones ni mejoraría la situación de liquidez.", "19. La Federación de Rusia considera que ha llegado el momento de examinar la diversificación de las fuentes de financiación de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz por medio de una mayor responsabilidad material de los Estados receptores y otros Estados directamente interesados en que termine el conflicto. Podría resultar útil conseguir recursos de las organizaciones regionales, de las contribuciones voluntarias, incluidas las que proceden de fuentes no gubernamentales y, en casos concretos, utilizar contribuciones en especie.", "20. Ha llegado la hora de tomar medidas concretas para revisar la escala de cuotas al presupuesto de las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas.", "21. Teniendo en cuenta las tareas que tiene ante sí la Organización, son especialmente oportunos los siguientes aspectos del mejoramiento de los mecanismos de establecimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas:", "a) Es preciso fortalecer las estructuras existentes de planificación, preparación y gestión de las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas y, tal vez, crear estructuras adicionales. En virtud de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, el Comité de Estado Mayor tiene a su cargo la dirección estratégica de todas las fuerzas armadas puestas a disposición del Consejo de Seguridad. La revitalización del Comité de Estado Mayor merece estudiarse en serio. Si el Comité pudiera centrarse en medidas específicas e incluir en su labor a los representantes de los países principales que envían contingentes (por ejemplo, de conformidad con el Artículo 47 de la Carta), podría, bajo la dirección del Consejo de Seguridad, asumir el mando general de las operaciones, desarrollar propuestas concretas sobre la cooperación entre las Naciones Unidas y las organizaciones regionales en una determinada esfera, etc. Hay que definir más claramente la división de funciones entre las dependencias de la Secretaría. La Federación de Rusia considera que es importante fortalecer la posición central del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz e incluir, entre su personal básico, a especialistas calificados capaces de desempeñar numerosas funciones, que podrían participar de diversas maneras en el comienzo urgente de las operaciones;", "b) Hay que prestar atención especial al mando y a la supervisión de las operaciones sobre el terreno. Tiene importancia crucial la dirección efectiva del comandante de las fuerzas de las Naciones Unidas, la estrecha coordinación de las actividades de los contingentes procedentes de varios países y el cumplimiento por éstos del mandato conferido al Consejo de Seguridad. A este respecto es importante que existan unas interrelaciones y una cooperación bien definidas dentro del mando de las operaciones (incluidos sus componentes militar y civil) y un centro operacional único que funcione eficientemente 24 horas al día;", "c) La Federación de Rusia acogió con satisfacción las ideas en que se basa el concepto de las \"fuerzas de reserva\" de las Naciones Unidas propuesto por el Secretario General. El Consejo Supremo actualmente está examinando un proyecto de ley sobre la participación de la Federación de Rusia en las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas de mantenimiento de la paz. Cuando se apruebe, la Federación de Rusia tiene la intención de celebrar negociaciones para concluir un acuerdo con las Naciones Unidas sobre la dotación de personal ruso militar, civil y auxiliar, listo para entrar en acción, así como la aportación de recursos materiales y técnicos y la prestación de servicios para las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz ya existentes o previstas. La Federación de Rusia ya ha informado a las Naciones Unidas sobre una parte de sus recursos existentes (dos divisiones médicas militares);", "d) Tiene crucial importancia garantizar que las operaciones se inicien en el plazo más breve posible, cuando los frágiles acuerdos en las \"zonas calientes\" pueden y deben ser reforzados por la presencia de las Naciones Unidas, que podría empezar con el envío de observadores. Hay que reducir considerablemente el plazo que transcurre entre la aprobación de una decisión por el Consejo de Seguridad y el comienzo real de las operaciones;", "e) Al adoptar una decisión sobre el comienzo de una operación, en particular una operación a gran escala, el Consejo de Seguridad debe considerar no solamente la conveniencia política, el costo de la acción de las Naciones Unidas y el grado de riesgos posibles para el personal, sino también el problema de la \"retirada\" de la operación. No debe haber \"intervención ilimitada\". No obstante, este principio no debe convertirse en un dogma. En casos excepcionales, cuando no hay una solución política viable, los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas deben convenir la continuación de la operación, ya que \"una mala paz es mejor que una buena riña\". Debe ampliarse la práctica de incluir en las decisiones del Consejo de Seguridad unas disposiciones que condicionen la estancia del personal de las Naciones Unidas en las regiones en conflicto al progreso en su solución pacífica;", "f) Es importante mejorar el procedimiento para la contratación y la formación de personal, incluido el personal civil. En particular, se deben precisar los criterios para la contratación de personal civil y elaborar recomendaciones unificadas para la formación de dicho personal para la realización de las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas. Sería útil crear \"contingentes de reserva\" nacionales compuestos por especialistas civiles voluntarios. La Federación de Rusia considera conveniente que la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas prepare una lista general de especialidades y requisitos que han de reunir los candidatos y la envíe a los posibles países donantes.", "22. Ultimamente se ha vuelto especialmente grave la cuestión de la seguridad del personal. A este respecto la Federación de Rusia apoya las medidas más enérgicas, incluidas las medidas para hacer comparecer ante la justicia a las personas y organizaciones culpables de ataques u otros actos violentos contra los \"cascos azules\". La conclusión obligatoria de acuerdos con los países receptores sobre la condición de las fuerzas de las Naciones Unidas es una solución parcial al problema, que no constituye una respuesta suficiente a todas las preguntas. Al mismo tiempo, las medidas enérgicas para defender a los contingentes de las Naciones Unidas no deben desembocar en operaciones militares de carácter punitivo ni conducir a la participación de las Naciones Unidas en los conflictos internos.", "23. Es importante que el derecho de las Naciones Unidas de hacer comparecer ante la justicia a las personas que recurren a la violencia contra el personal de las Naciones Unidas se vuelva jurídicamente obligatorio. Puede surgir un precedente cuando el Tribunal Internacional para la ex Yugoslavia empiece sus actuaciones.", "24. La consolidación de la paz después de un conflicto se está convirtiendo en una parte integrante del mantenimiento de la paz sin la cual no pueden reconstruirse los países que salen de la etapa \"activa\" de un conflicto. La Federación de Rusia considera particularmente interesante el estudio de la experiencia y de la capacidad de las Naciones Unidas y de otras organizaciones internacionales en esta esfera con respecto a la consolidación de la paz en el territorio de la ex Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas.", "25. La Federación de Rusia considera útiles las propuestas sobre la descentralización de la responsabilidad por el mantenimiento y el establecimiento de la paz y apoya la idea consistente en fortalecer el papel de las organizaciones regionales en esta esfera de conformidad con el Capítulo VII de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas. El progreso en este sentido debe ser gradual, y una condición indispensable es que el Consejo de Seguridad siga teniendo la responsabilidad primordial de mantener la paz y la seguridad internacionales.", "26. La Federación de Rusia acoge con satisfacción la conclusión de un acuerdo marco sobre cooperación y coordinación entre las Naciones Unidas y la Conferencia sobre la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa (CSCE) y toma nota de los esfuerzos de la CSCE, de la Comunidad Europea, de la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico del Norte y de la Unión Europea Occidental para solucionar el conflicto en el territorio de la ex Yugoslavia sobre la base de las decisiones del Consejo de Seguridad y bajo la dirección política del Consejo.", "27. Para nosotros es sumamente importante la cuestión del establecimiento de la paz en el territorio de la ex Unión Soviética. Los mecanismos colectivos de establecimiento de la paz de la Comunidad de Estados Independientes, así como los acuerdos regionales separados sobre la solución de conflictos en regiones concretas de la ex Unión Soviética ahora se están aplicando más activamente en la práctica y está aumentando la cooperación entre estos mecanismos y las Naciones Unidas y la CSCE. Como participante en estos mecanismos y acuerdos, la Federación de Rusia aprecia la aportación práctica de las Naciones Unidas a la solución de esos conflictos y está dispuesta a seguir cooperando con la Organización.", "FRANCIA", "[Original: francés]", "[28 de julio de 1993]", "1. Francia ha examinado con satisfacción el informe del Secretario General de fecha 15 de junio de 1993 (S/25944) relativo a la puesta en práctica de las recomendaciones formuladas en \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277-S/24111) y se congratula de las medidas ya adoptadas.", "2. Conforme a los deseos expresados por el Secretario General, el Gobierno de Francia desea contribuir al debate que está teniendo lugar haciendo las siguientes observaciones.", "I. MEJOR PREPARACION DE LAS OPERACIONES DE MANTENIMIENTO", "DE LA PAZ", "El fortalecimiento de la Secretaría", "3. Francia se complace en observar el aumento sensible de los recursos humanos y la infraestructura del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz. Este esfuerzo debe proseguir tanto en las divisiones civiles como en la división militar de ese Departamento. Este aumento de capacidad, imperativo reconocido por todos, es necesario para hacer frente al aumento constante de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz que exigen un seguimiento político y militar permanente.", "4. Al mismo tiempo, el Gobierno francés aprueba sin reservas las gestiones del Secretario General encaminadas a enviar misiones de investigación a los lugares en que la Organización está llamada, o corre el riesgo de ser llamada, a intervenir. Como el propio Secretario General subraya en su mismo informe de 15 de junio de 1993, toda la información recibida por esas misiones, o transmitida por los Estados Miembros, debe ser tratada de una manera eficaz. Por esa misma razón, parece indispensable que se continúen fortaleciendo los medios de la Secretaría, en particular la división militar y la sala de situación del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz.", "Una planificación militar más detallada", "5. Hoy en día, la función de planificación militar es tan decisiva como el seguimiento político de los diferentes conflictos en curso. Las Naciones Unidas se ven obligadas a desplegar misiones de mantenimiento de la paz en las que se unen Estados de diferentes tradiciones militares. Deben disponer de unos mecanismos de vigilancia, y, en definitiva, de planificación, más eficaces para prever las situaciones de crisis, reaccionar rápidamente y facilitar la planificación inicial de las operaciones en función de las limitaciones muy concretas de las Naciones Unidas.", "6. Los esfuerzos deben ir en tres direcciones:", "a) Antes incluso de que los Estados Miembros anuncien sus aportaciones, se deberá proceder a la elaboración de un concepto operacional inicial basado en una auditoría militar más detallada y, en definitiva, en un esbozo de planificación, de consuno con el Representante Especial del Secretario General competente. Esto permitirá mejorar la calidad y seriedad del plan de ejecución del componente militar del mandato, tradicionalmente descrito en el informe del Secretario General en el que se precisa el campo de acción de cada misión. Por esa razón, se debería establecer gradualmente una nueva estructura vinculada a la Secretaría, integrada por oficiales con una experiencia sólida en materia de planificación y de dimensiones que permitan mantener la flexibilidad que cabe esperar de ese tipo de estructuras;", "b) Desde el principio del despliegue, esa estructura debería ser reforzada lo antes posible por los representantes de los Estados que aportan contingentes encargados de preparar la planificación operacional propiamente dicha, en coordinación con el Estado Mayor que se haya de desplegar sobre el terreno;", "c) Por otra parte, esas células de planificación genérica existen ya en varias organizaciones políticomilitares multilaterales, en particular en la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico del Norte y en la Unión Europea Occidental. Habría que ampliar los contactos y los intercambios de opiniones, tan necesarios, entre las Naciones Unidas y esas organizaciones de experiencia y competencia reconocidas, sobre todo en lo relativo a las zonas de operaciones abarcadas por dichas organizaciones y en los casos en que éstas deban intervenir directamente a petición de las Naciones Unidas. Esos intercambios, permitirían crear una complementariedad que resultará indispensable el día en que los expertos y soldados de esas organizaciones deban trabajar junto con las Naciones Unidas sobre el terreno.", "Mayor consideración con los países que aportan contingentes", "7. Los principales países que aportan contingentes suelen expresar su deseo de ser informados, en el curso de una misión, de las orientaciones y las decisiones operacionales que se adoptan. El Gobierno francés comprende esas peticiones y considera que sería útil que el Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz mantuviera informado de las decisiones que se adopten o se prevea adoptar a un comité de seguimiento oficioso compuesto de representantes diplomáticos y militares de los países que participen en la misión de que se trate y, llegado el caso, consultara con él. En resumen, si es necesario aumentar los medios de análisis, de planificación y de seguimiento de la Secretaría, es lógico que, al mismo tiempo, los Estados que aportan contingentes sean mejor informados colectivamente del desarrollo de la misión.", "Mejor logística", "8. Cada vez con mayor frecuencia la comunidad internacional pide a las Naciones Unidas que intervenga muy rápidamente en situaciones de crisis o de emergencia humanitaria. Ese aumento de la responsabilidad supone que la Organización cuente con plazos cada vez más breves para responder, por lo que se hace imperativo que disponga en todo momento del material necesario para el despliegue rápido de una misión. Por esa razón, es preciso fortalecer la capacidad logística de las Naciones Unidas.", "9. El almacenamiento de armamento y municiones entraña elevados gastos de mantenimiento y requiere personal calificado que esté familiarizado con el material que debe utilizar. Por esa razón en particular, es preferible que el armamento sea en general responsabilidad exclusiva de los Estados Miembros.", "10. Ahora bien, la experiencia reciente muestra que determinadas necesidades se repiten de una misión a otra. Para el mantenimiento de la paz se debe recurrir a tipos de equipo muy concretos que no figuran sistemáticamente en la dotación ordinaria de los contingentes llamados a prestar servicios como cascos azules y que han de ser utilizados en teatros de operaciones muy diversos. Tal es el caso del material de carácter no militar (viviendas prefabricadas, radios, teléfonos, vehículos, ...), pero también de determinados equipos militares (comunicaciones militares, vehículos de frente blindado, aviones teledirigidos, ...). La Secretaría debe estar en condiciones de suministrar al personal civil y militar, desde el momento de su despliegue, ese tipo de material indispensable para que puedan cumplir su mandato. Así pues, la Secretaría debería estar dotada de un pequeño almacén central de materiales específicamente adaptados al mantenimiento de la paz.", "II. MEJOR DESPLIEGUE DE LAS MISIONES DE MANTENIMIENTO", "DE LA PAZ SOBRE EL TERRENO", "Contribución de los Estados Miembros en la esfera militar", "11. Ante las necesidades crecientes de intervención de las Naciones Unidas, se impone una reforma profunda del sistema de movilización de los cascos azules. Si bien es evidente que la Organización no dispone hoy día de los medios necesarios para mantener fuerzas permanentes, es indispensable que los Estados Miembros preparen a fuerzas que se puedan movilizar rápidamente. Estas deberían constar de unidades seleccionadas previamente (\"señaladas a dedo\") que compongan un conjunto de módulos de fuerzas adiestrados en función de las tareas de mantenimiento de la paz y equipados con materiales compatibles entre sí. Esas unidades (módulos de fuerzas) se pondrían a disposición de las Naciones Unidas y se podrían movilizar en cualquier momento.", "12. Al haberse multiplicado las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, se ha llegado al límite de la capacidad de los principales países que aportan contingentes. Hoy día los Estados, en mayor medida que antes, para decidirse a participar tienen en cuenta en primer lugar sus propios intereses nacionales. Por otra parte, lo que también ocurre es que los países que aportan contingentes se muestran poco dispuestos a intervenir en función simplemente de lo que hoy se ha convenido en llamar \"la obligación moral\" de los miembros de la comunidad internacional.", "13. El mecanismo de los módulos de fuerzas debería permitir que se invirtieran en gran parte las tendencias actuales para volver al principio de neutralidad de las Naciones Unidas y facilitar, mediante acuerdo previo, la evaluación por el Secretario General de la capacidad real de intervención de la Organización. Asimismo, debería hacer posible la participación de un número cada vez más elevado de Estados Miembros en las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz. Sería conveniente que cada uno de los Estados Miembros se interesara en esta medida y diera a conocer, en función de su propia capacidad, el carácter de las unidades que, llegado el momento, podría poner a disposición de la Organización. En última instancia, todos los Estados Miembros deberían participar en ese proceso.", "Mayor interacción entre los contingentes", "14. La organización logística de esos módulos de fuerzas requiere que todos los contingentes llamados a intervenir en las operaciones en plazos muy breves cuenten con una base común de conocimientos y de métodos. Así pues, parece indispensable que haya un adiestramiento común para el conjunto de las unidades de que se trate. Este adiestramiento, que complementaría el adiestramiento militar propio de cada ejército, se debe impartir primeramente en las academias militares nacionales. Pero las Naciones Unidas deberán encargarse de coordinar, comenzando por los oficiales superiores y siguiendo un orden jerárquico descendente, cursos específicos que permitan intercambiar conceptos y métodos. Estos cursos los deberán organizar por turnos los principales países que aportan contingentes bajo la supervisión de las Naciones Unidas. Por otra parte, las Naciones Unidas deberán organizar ejercicios comunes (de estado mayor) a fin de poder comprobar en la práctica la interacción entre los contingentes y buscar medios de mejorarla.", "Mejoramiento de los medios de análisis político y de seguimiento de las misiones", "15. El mandato de las misiones desplegadas recientemente incluye un componente político cada vez más amplio. Entre las tareas se suelen contar con las de supervisar las administraciones correspondientes, formar nuevas fuerzas de policía, unir diferentes facciones, en otros tiempos rivales, en un ejército nuevo, garantizar la honradez de las campañas electorales, etc. Estas tareas responden enteramente a la preocupación expresada por todos de que las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz se ocupen asimismo de las causas políticas de un conflicto a fin de permitir una consolidación duradera de la paz.", "16. Esta nueva responsabilidad exige que la misión de que se trate esté pendiente en todo momento de la evolución de las posiciones políticas de todas las partes en el conflicto. Esta necesidad de conocer lo mejor posible el ambiente político local se hace más imperiosa si se tiene en cuenta que las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz - compuestas frecuentemente por miles de personas - pueden tropezar con el rechazo de una población a veces manipulada por una minoría que se opone a ellas. Toda misión debe estar en condiciones de prever los problemas con que puede tropezar y de hacer comprender a las poblaciones interesadas los motivos de las decisiones que tome.", "17. Por ello, sería conveniente que cada misión estuviera sistemáticamente dotada de una unidad de análisis políticos, vinculada directamente a la oficina del representante especial. El cometido de esta unidad, integrada por especialistas y expertos internacionales de la región, consistiría en seguir atentamente y analizar la evolución del medio político y del sentir de las partes interesadas a fin de informar al representante especial de las tendencias que se perfilan entre la clase política y entre la población. Los análisis políticos de esa unidad deberían ser transmitidos también a la Secretaría para su información.", "III. MEYOR CONTROL POLITICO", "18. Francia es partidaria decidida de que aumente el control político sobre las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "19. Se deberían seguir más de cerca las diferentes etapas del desarrollo de esas operaciones.", "20. La preparación de la operación debe seguir la lógica propuesta por el Secretario General en \"Un programa de paz\".", "21. El envío sobre el terreno de misiones de investigación de los hechos en los cuales participarían representantes del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz, además de responder plenamente al deseo común de que se desarrolle la diplomacia preventiva, permitiría preparar el despliegue de tropas, prever las necesidades, reunir información y determinar los gastos provisionales de la operación. Los informes de esas misiones deberían transmitirse a la mayor brevedad posible a los Estados Miembros, para que éstos pudieran adoptar con la antelación suficiente las disposiciones necesarias para su posible participación.", "22. Se debería generalizar la práctica consistente en designar a un representante especial del Secretario General para cada operación. Esta designación se efectúa tras celebrar consultas con las partes en el conflicto y con el Consejo de Seguridad. La función del representante especial consiste en coordinar las medidas de los diferentes componentes de la operación (civil,", "militar, humanitario ...), garantizar el control político - y no operacional - de los aspectos militares y dar cuenta periódicamente de su misión al Secretario General y al Consejo de Seguridad.", "23. El establecimiento de la operación depende antes que nada de que el Consejo de Seguridad defina el mandato claramente. En ese sentido, Francia desearía, que en la medida de lo posible, las resoluciones \"fundacionales\" de las fuerzas de mantenimiento de la paz fueran más precisas en lo que se refiere a los dos siguientes aspectos:", "a) En el mandato de la fuerza debe figurar expresamente la definición de los objetivos políticos últimos. Lo más realista sería que fueran limitados y que no apuntaran necesariamente a un arreglo total de la crisis;", "b) En el mandato se deben definir asimismo los objetivos de cada etapa. El Secretario General, en el informe que presenta al Consejo de Seguridad al inicio de cada operación, debería proponer unos plazos y un calendario de evaluación. Entre los objetivos intermedios podrían figurar los siguientes: el desarme (parcial o completo) de las fuerzas beligerantes, el establecimiento y la observación de un alto el fuego, y el envío sobre el terreno de misiones de buenos oficios.", "24. Cabría mejorar la gestión y el seguimiento de la operación:", "a) Perfeccionando los medios - todavía demasiado limitados - de la sala de seguimiento de las operaciones del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz. Dicha sala debería estar abierta, no sólo a los miembros del Departamento, sino también a los representantes militares de los Estados que aportan contingentes e incluso a los miembros del Comité de Estado Mayor establecido en virtud del Artículo 47 de la Carta;", "b) Haciendo que el representante especial del Secretario General informara periódicamente (una vez por mes), sobre el conjunto de su misión, el desarrollo de las operaciones, los problemas con que se tropezara en la ejecución del mandato y la observación del calendario establecido. Se debería informar al Consejo de Seguridad sobre los trabajos de la Unidad de análisis políticos de la misión, así como sobre cualquier otro elemento (auditorías privadas) que le pudiera ilustrar;", "c) Enviando sistemáticamente misiones de inspección compuestas de expertos con un mandato del Consejo de Seguridad, al que rendirían cuentas, a fin de evaluar la situación y verificar la adecuación entre el mandato, los medios de la fuerza y las normas para entablar combate y la homogeneidad de su interpretación.", "25. Se debe fomentar la asociación de organizaciones regionales y pactos de seguridad a las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, bajo determinadas condiciones:", "a) El representante especial del Secretario General sigue siendo el responsable de la operación. Los representantes de las organizaciones regionales y de los pactos de seguridad actúan bajo su autoridad política;", "b) También se puede fomentar la fórmula consistente en designar un representante conjunto de las Naciones Unidas y de la organización regional;", "c) Los representantes de los Estados miembros de esos pactos y organizaciones, en los casos en que éstos contribuyan a la operación, deberían también tener acceso a la Sala de seguimiento de operaciones de la Secretaría.", "IV. MAYOR CONTROL FINANCIERO", "Principios confirmados", "26. Se debe examinar detenidamente la cuestión de la financiación de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, y el Gobierno francés:", "a) Desea recordar su compromiso con el sistema actual de presupuesto por operación, que garantiza la transparencia financiera de cada una de las operaciones y permite un control y un seguimiento individual por parte de los Estados Miembros;", "b) Sigue siendo partidario de que se financien las operaciones mediante contribuciones obligatorias, que es el único medio de garantizar la independencia y suministrar recursos estables. Las contribuciones voluntarias sólo deberían ser aceptadas cuando procedieran de los Estados beneficiarios de las operaciones, siempre que contaran con fondos para ello;", "c) Desean que el inicio de cada operación vaya precedido de una evaluación detallada de los costos y que se haga llegar un informe financiero a los Estados Miembros antes de que el Consejo de Seguridad tome una decisión;", "d) Apoyará toda propuesta encaminada a perfeccionar las auditorías de las operaciones en curso o, de manera más general, a facilitar un control más regular de los gastos y una información más completa a los órganos que deban ocuparse de ellos (Consejo de Seguridad y Comisión Consultiva en Asuntos Administrativos y de Presupuesto).", "Un grupo de examen oficioso", "27. Las misiones difíciles, complejas y largas que las Naciones Unidas han iniciado últimamente en distintas partes del mundo han puesto de manifiesto algunos problemas a los que deben hacer frente los países que aportan contingentes. Convendría que los países a los que incumbe una responsabilidad especial, dada la importancia de su participación en las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz, colaboraran estrechamente entre sí para tratar de solucionar, de manera oficiosa, esos problemas cruciales. En nuestra opinión, ese grupo de examen debería ocuparse prioritariamente de dos temas cuya importancia se reconoce unánimemente y que son de gran actualidad:", "a) La financiación de las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz respecto de las cuales el informe Volcker-Ogata (A/48/460, anexo) ofrece sugerencias que habría que estudiar más a fondo con miras a lograr un despliegue rápido;", "b) La seguridad del personal que participa en las misiones y el carácter de las sanciones que se puedan adoptar contra los responsables de agresiones contra el personal que presta servicios bajo la bandera de las Naciones Unidas.", "28. Ese grupo de examen, que debería ser oficioso y flexible, podría comunicar los resultados de sus reflexiones a la Secretaría, al Consejo de Seguridad y a la Asamblea General.", "NAMIBIA", "[Original: inglés]", "[3 de agosto de 1993]", "1. La política del Gobierno de la República de Namibia con respecto al mantenimiento de la paz internacional se ha visto influida, como es natural, por la historia reciente del país. Toda la población de Namibia apoyó con entusiasmo la operación del Grupo de Asistencia de las Naciones Unidas para el Período de Transición (GANUPT), que tuvo lugar en 1989 y 1990 y que ayudó a Namibia a lograr su independencia y restablecer la paz y la seguridad, y fue testigo de su éxito. El GANUPT se convirtió en un sinónimo de libertad.", "2. El Gobierno de la República de Namibia ha hecho de la paz y la estabilidad el principal objetivo de su política nacional y también de su política exterior y, gracias a su política de reconciliación nacional, ha logrado que la paz y la estabilidad adquieran profundas raíces en Namibia, sobre todo con el respaldo de la Constitución de la República de Namibia.", "3. Así pues, la política de mantenimiento de la paz internacional es, uno de los pilares de la política exterior del Gobierno de Namibia. Teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones de mano de obra y de recursos, Namibia, en la medida de su capacidad, cumplirá la función que le corresponde en el mantenimiento de la paz y la consolidación de la paz.", "4. Desde ese punto de vista, el Gobierno de la República de Namibia apoyará las medidas que ayuden a que reine la confianza en la región y se desvanezcan las sospechas y la desconfianza. La reunión regional sobre medidas de fomento de la confianza y la seguridad en el Africa meridional, celebrada en Windhoek del 24 al 26 de febrero de 1993, ofreció a los líderes regionales y a los encargados de formular políticas en materia de seguridad nacional una oportunidad útil de examinar problemas comunes y, lo que es más importante, de hacer que desaparecieran las sospechas y los recelos mutuos. El Gobierno fomentará y apoyará la celebración de otras reuniones similares en el futuro o aprovechará los logros de la reunión de Windhoek.", "5. Teniendo en cuenta esa política, el Gobierno de la República de Namibia no ha escatimado esfuerzos para hallar una solución a la crisis en el país vecino de Angola. Tanto a nivel regional como internacional, los ministros del Gobierno han tratado incesantemente de encontrar los medios de resolver la crisis. Por lo tanto, el Gobierno de la República de Namibia, con arreglo a su Constitución, aplica activamente una política de diplomacia preventiva y arreglo pacífico de controversias.", "6. Namibia participa en la actual operación de mantenimiento de la paz en Camboya, bajo la Autoridad Provisional de las Naciones Unidas en Camboya (APRONUC), con un contingente de vehículos reforzados - Wolf. Según sea la experiencia de este contingente especializado de vehículos reforzados, Namibia, en el futuro, considerará seriamente toda petición de que participe en operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz con un contingente similar, con la única salvedad de que pueda tropezar con limitaciones financieras.", "7. Namibia desea destacar la importancia de que a los países que no se pueden permitir la formación especializada requerida se les preste la asistencia necesaria para poner sus fuerzas al nivel que se requiere para una participación efectiva en las operaciones internacionales de mantenimiento de la paz. Esto es especialmente pertinente en el caso de un país joven y en desarrollo como Namibia. Los vehículos reforzados - Wolf - requieren mantenimiento. En la operación de Camboya, las Naciones Unidas formularon la petición en el último momento. A causa de ello, sólo se pudieron enviar aquellos vehículos que estaban ya listos para ser utilizados, tal vez con algunos defectos que se podrían haber subsanado.", "8. El Gobierno de la República de Namibia considera que la financiación de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz es responsabilidad colectiva de todos los Estados Miembros, de conformidad lo dispuesto en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas. El Gobierno siempre ha pagado sus cuotas íntegra y puntualmente. Sin embargo, cabe señalar que, al aumentar las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, la financiación de esas operaciones se convertirá en una carga pesada para países en desarrollo como Namibia. Así pues, el Gobierno desea recalcar que, si se traslada a Namibia de la categoría, D a la C, según se propone en el informe del Secretario General (A/47/484), aumentará en un 100% su participación en operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. De todos modos, si se lleva a efecto la propuesta, cuyo objetivo es reservar la última categoría D, para los países menos adelantados, se impondrá una pesada carga sobre a países en desarrollo como Namibia.", "9. La recomendación que figura en el informe Ogata-Volcker (A/48/460, anexo, pág. 18), de que se cree un fondo rotatorio por la suma de 400 millones de dólares, abarataría el costo inicial de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz en comparación con el nivel actual de 150 millones de dólares; esa recomendación debería ser tenida en cuenta.", "QATAR", "[Original: árabe]", "[2 de agosto de 1993]", "1. El Gobierno de Qatar afirma la importancia del mecanismo de mantenimiento de la paz y de resguardo de la paz de conformidad con los artículos pertinentes de la Carta. También está de acuerdo con el Secretario General en cuanto a la importancia de la diplomacia preventiva para evitar el estallido de conflictos armados que amenazan la paz y la seguridad internacionales.", "2. El Gobierno de Qatar respalda asimismo las propuestas del Secretario General que figuran en los párrafos 34 a 44 de su informe titulado \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277-S/24111), en particular el uso de unidades de resguardo de la paz en circunstancias claramente definidas. Esas fuerzas deberían estar más armadas que las de mantenimiento de la paz y estar disponibles permanentemente para los propósitos enunciados en el Artículo 42 de la Carta.", "3. El Gobierno de Qatar cree que las propuestas presentadas por el Secretario General en su informe mencionado anteriormente para la financiación de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz y de resguardo de la paz son dignas de consideración y merecen apoyo.", "SUECIA[2]", "[Original: inglés]", "[20 de agosto de 1993]", "Gestiones en curso", "1. Los países nórdicos acogen con satisfacción y apoyan las gestiones en curso para reestructurar el Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz con objeto de fortalecer la capacidad de las Naciones Unidas en la esfera del mantenimiento de la paz.", "2. Los países nórdicos acogen con satisfacción especialmente la integración de las partes pertinentes de la División de Actividades sobre el Terreno en el Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz, por ser una medida que, en su opinión, fortalecerá y hará más eficaces la planificación, la gestión y el apoyo administrativo de las operaciones.", "3. Los países nórdicos esperan con interés los resultados de la labor del grupo de planificación de las unidades de reserva destinada a mejorar y acelerar el procedimiento mediante el cual la Organización obtiene personal o unidades adiestradas y equipo de los Estados Miembros para nuevas operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz o la ampliación de las ya existentes.", "4. Los países nórdicos están dispuestos a cooperar con la Secretaría, en la medida en que lo permitan sus recursos, para hallar personal adicional para tareas específicas en la esfera del mantenimiento de la paz que se pueda facilitar a las Naciones Unidas de manera provisional.", "5. Los países nórdicos acogen con satisfacción la creación de una sala de situación para las operaciones en Somalia y la ex Yugoslavia y encomian la intención del Secretario General de tomar medidas para el establecimiento de una sala de situación integrada que abarque las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz a nivel mundial. Lo que ahora se necesita es fortalecer de manera significativa la capacidad de la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas en lo que respecta a la gestión operacional, el mando y el control de las operaciones en curso.", "6. Los países nórdicos consideran, además, que la creación de una célula militar de planificación en el Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz es una medida esencial y oportuna para fortalecer la capacidad de la Secretaría.", "7. No obstante, los países nórdicos sugieren que, además de las medidas ya iniciadas, se considere la posibilidad de poner en práctica las siguientes propuestas en un futuro próximo:", "Organización y eficacia", "8. Se deben examinar y mejorar las disposiciones relativas a la capacitación del personal militar, civil y de la policía de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, haciendo uso de los recursos pertinentes de los Estados Miembros, las organizaciones y arreglos regionales, las organizaciones no gubernamentales y la Secretaría. En particular, se debería considerar la posibilidad de establecer un programa de capacitación de personal esencial de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz con miras a crear una reserva de personal capacitado que conozca el sistema de las Naciones Unidas y sus procedimientos de trabajo. Los países nórdicos están dispuestos a estudiar los medios de incrementar su cooperación con las Naciones Unidas y sus Estados Miembros en esta esfera.", "9. Al personal esencial de una operación de mantenimiento de la paz se le debería hacer participar en el proceso de planificación desde las primeras etapas. Uno de los principios rectores de este proceso debería ser que, en la medida de lo posible, las personas que vayan a llevar a cabo una operación de mantenimiento de la paz participen también en su planificación. Esto exigirá mayores esfuerzos por parte de la Secretaría para seleccionar en las primeras etapas, en cooperación con los Estados Miembros, al posible personal esencial, tales como comandantes de la fuerza y oficiales administrativos jefes, de futuras operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "10. A fin de facilitar las comunicaciones y la cooperación entre todas las partes, se debería proporcionar a los Estados Miembros, según procediera, descripciones de las esferas de responsabilidad de los diferentes expertos y asesores, así como de los oficiales administrativos de plantilla, del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz.", "Financiación", "11. La grave situación financiera en lo que respecta a las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz es una de las mayores preocupaciones de los países nórdicos. Deben adoptarse medidas, teniendo presentes las útiles propuestas que figuran en el informe Volcker-Ogata (A/48/460, anexo), para garantizar una financiación suficiente de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, sobre la base del principio de la responsabilidad colectiva y el pago íntegro y puntual de las cuotas. A ese respecto, los países nórdicos subrayan la importancia de que se abonen sin demora las sumas que se adeudan a los países que aportan contingentes.", "12. Los países nórdicos, si bien acogen con agrado el establecimiento del Fondo de Reserva para las Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz, destacan la necesidad de que haya más debates sobre la manera de lograr una financiación suficiente de la etapa inicial de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "13. Los países nórdicos sugieren que se tomen medidas para que se pueda delegar mayor autoridad financiera y administrativa al comandante de la fuerza o al representante especial de una misión integrada por diversos componentes como medio de mejorar el desempeño de la misión y lograr una mayor eficiencia en función de los costos. Con ese fin, es preciso revisar el Reglamento Financiero y la Reglamentación Financiera Detallada de las Naciones Unidas, así como los procedimientos administrativos para las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, a fin de incrementar la capacidad de las misiones de adaptarse con flexibilidad a las nuevas situaciones y a las necesidades específicas. Sin embargo, esas medidas deben ir acompañadas de gestiones encaminadas a proporcionar una capacitación adecuada al personal administrativo sobre el terreno y a fortalecer los procedimientos de control interno.", "Acuerdos y directrices", "14. La concertación de acuerdos sobre el estatuto de las fuerzas es esencial para la creación de una relación de trabajo bien definida entre las Naciones Unidas y el país anfitrión de una operación de mantenimiento de la paz. Por consiguiente, deben incrementarse los esfuerzos de la Secretaría para finalizar esos acuerdos, preferiblemente antes del despliegue de una fuerza de mantenimiento de la paz.", "15. Los países nórdicos desean también destacar la importancia decisiva del modelo de acuerdo entre las Naciones Unidas y los Estados Miembros que aportan personal y equipo a operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, sobre todo teniendo en cuenta que esas operaciones se vuelven cada vez más complejas. Se insta a la Secretaría a concertar esos acuerdos con los Estados Miembros que aportan contingentes.", "TAILANDIA", "[Original: inglés]", "[21 de julio de 1993]", "I. SOBRE LOS PRINCIPIOS GENERALES", "1. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia está de acuerdo con la observación del Secretario General de que la piedra angular de la labor de las Naciones Unidas es y debe seguir siendo el Estado. Por consiguiente, el respeto de la soberanía y la integridad de los Estados es fundamental en cualquier empresa común internacional y de las Naciones Unidas.", "2. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia sigue con gran interés el desarrollo de las actividades de resguardo de la paz de las Naciones Unidas. Dado que las actividades de resguardo de la paz entrañan nuevos riesgos considerables, el Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia considera que se deben considerar a fondo las ventajas y desventajas de cada una de las actividades de resguardo de la paz de las Naciones Unidas. En algunas situaciones, esas actividades pueden ser contraproducentes, sobre todo cuando no se haya obtenido el consentimiento de todas las partes en el conflicto.", "3. También se debe considerar más atentamente la sugerencia del Secretario General de que se envíe personal de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas a \"zonas de inestabilidad y crisis potencial\" para impedir que estallen hostilidades. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia considera indispensable que haya mayor claridad en lo que respecta al alcance y las circunstancias en que esto podría tener lugar.", "II. SOBRE LA CAPACIDAD DE LA SECRETARIA", "4. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia acoge con agrado la reciente ampliación de la Oficina del Asesor Militar. También apoya plenamente la sugerencia de que se integre la División de Actividades sobre el Terreno en el Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz.", "III. SOBRE PLANIFICACION", "5. Se reconoce en general la necesidad de mejorar los procedimientos de planificación. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia considera que se deben designar comandantes de las fuerzas lo antes posible para que participen directamente en la planificación preliminar, de modo que en las primeras etapas se pueda asesorar sobre la composición y las necesidades de las fuerzas a fin de garantizar una preparación adecuada de los países que aportan contingentes. Además, también se deben mejorar los procedimientos de adquisición y logística.", "IV. SOBRE MANDO Y CONTROL", "6. La rápida ampliación de las actividades de mantenimiento de la paz ha creado una necesidad urgente de que se establezca una sala de situación/centro de operaciones plenamente funcional en la Sede de las Naciones Unidas. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia comparte la opinión de que, como requisito mínimo, ese centro deba ser el único centro de coordinación de las comunicaciones y la información sobre las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. A largo plazo, podrá servir para integrar las necesidades operacionales, de logística, planificación e inteligencia de esas operaciones.", "V. SOBRE CAPACITACION", "7. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia cree que gran parte del éxito de todas las actividades de mantenimiento de la paz depende de que se cuente con personal bien preparado. Es obvio que la capacitación debe basarse en normas y conceptos operacionales convenidos. A ese respecto, le parece una excelente idea la preparación de un amplio manual de las Naciones Unidas sobre políticas y procedimientos de logística. Además, se debe estudiar seriamente la viabilidad de que se establezcan centros de capacitación regionales, dado que el intercambio de experiencias a nivel regional podría incrementar la capacidad y preparación de los Estados Miembros para hacer aportaciones a las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "VI. SOBRE FINANZAS", "8. Al Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia le preocupa seriamente desde hace mucho tiempo la precaria situación en lo relativo a la financiación de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. Está firmemente convencido de que las actividades de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas son tan esenciales para el mantenimiento de la paz mundial que no pueden depender de que existan o no limitaciones financieras y presupuestarias. En su opinión, la solución de este arduo problema sigue estando en que los Estados Miembros paguen sus cuotas íntegra y puntualmente. Ahora bien, se deben estudiar seriamente otros métodos audaces e innovadores sugeridos por el Secretario General en \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277-S/24111).", "VII. SOBRE LA SEGURIDAD DEL PERSONAL", "9. Como país que aporta contingentes, a Tailandia le preocupa gravemente el número cada vez mayor de víctimas entre el personal de mantenimiento de la paz y otro personal. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia confía en que se apliquen oportunamente las medidas recomendadas por la Asamblea General en su resolución 47/72, de 14 de diciembre de 1992.", "REINO UNIDO DE GRAN BRETAÑA E IRLANDA DEL NORTE", "[Original: inglés]", "[20 de julio de 1993]", "1. En respuesta a la declaración del Consejo de Seguridad del 28 de mayo de 1993 (S/25859) sobre las actividades complementarias a \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277-S/24111) el Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas pidió a los Estados Miembros que le señalaran aquellos aspectos de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas que había que reforzar y que le transmitieran ideas acerca de las medidas positivas que se podrían adoptar al respecto.", "Aspectos generales", "2. El Consejo de Seguridad y la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas tendrían que analizar cuidadosamente la situación sobre el terreno antes de convenir en iniciar una operación de las Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz. Esas operaciones requieren objetivos claros y realistas que propicien la solución de un proceso político en marcha y un mandato preciso, así como el consentimiento de las partes y la seguridad de que se dispondría de los recursos necesarios. Además, las Naciones Unidas y el Consejo de Seguridad deben prever que lo que tal vez desean las organizaciones regionales o los Estados Miembros es traspasar a las Naciones Unidas operaciones propias con las que no han logrado hallar la solución buscada y considerar la conveniencia de que las Naciones Unidas intervengan en esos casos. Asimismo, es necesario que las Naciones Unidas examinen con ánimo crítico los mandatos en vigor, a fin de determinar qué tipo de impulso se les debería dar para conducirlos a su objetivo final.", "3. El Gobierno británico acoge con agrado las considerables gestiones realizadas por el Secretario General con el objeto de fortalecer y aumentar la capacidad de las Naciones Unidas de proyectar y llevar a cabo operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. Se han tomado iniciativas útiles, en particular el reforzamiento del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz, la creación de una sala de situación que funcione las 24 horas del día y el inicio de un proyecto de planificación de las unidades de reserva. El Reino Unido saluda las propuestas de integrar la División de Actividades sobre el Terreno en el Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz.", "Mando, control y planificación", "4. Es necesario definir con mayor nitidez las relaciones entre mando y control. Es fundamental que haya unidad de mando a los niveles más altos. Es improbable que esa unidad de mando se pueda lograr hasta que se encargue un único departamento de la Sede de las Naciones Unidas de todos los aspectos de una operación de mantenimiento de la paz.", "5. El comandante de la fuerza debería seguir ejerciendo la función de mando propiamente dicha (es decir, la autoridad para asignar efectivos de la fuerza a distintas tareas y reasignarlos según sea necesario). La Sede de las Naciones Unidas debería encargarse de proporcionar orientaciones a los comandantes y servir de enlace esencial político-militar, concentrándose más bien en los aspectos estratégicos, y no en los detalles de la planificación operacional; es preciso mejorar la capacidad en esa esfera.", "6. La facultad de responder con flexibilidad a la dinámica de una situación, que es necesaria para satisfacer las exigencias de una operación de mantenimiento de la paz, es el producto de tres factores principales: capacidad, pericia y experiencia. Asimismo, es preciso economizar esfuerzos, no sólo para reducir los costos, sino también para procurar que exista capacidad de remontar y asegurarse de que los escasos recursos se administran con prudencia. El Reino Unido considera que la mejor manera de aplicar esos cuatro principios a la Secretaría sería una dotación ampliada de personal de planificación y operaciones: una dotación general de personal para el mantenimiento de la paz. Esos hombres y mujeres, tanto civiles como militares, algunos de los cuales podrían ser personal adscrito proveniente de los distintos países, ajustarían su labor a una doctrina profesional convenida y podrían desempeñar las funciones básicas necesarias de la cadena de planificación estratégica de las Naciones Unidas, principalmente en la Sede de las Naciones Unidas en Nueva York, pero también sobre el terreno. Con ellos se ampliaría la dependencia de planificación y operaciones, existente en estado embrionario, y esa dependencia obtendría la capacidad, la pericia y la experiencia necesarias para poder funcionar eficazmente. Ese personal debería realizar su trabajo con arreglo a normas establecidas y tener objetivos de ejecución claramente definidos. En el anexo figuran más detalles sobre las tareas del personal de planificación y operaciones.", "7. El personal de planificación y operaciones debería proporcionar a las Naciones Unidas un \"sistema nervioso\" para el cual el personal actual de la Organización no está estructurado ni cuenta con recursos. No desempeñaría funciones de mando, pero se encargaría del desarrollo inicial de un plan operacional hasta el momento en que se designara al Comandante de la Fuerza y su personal. Es importante que el comandante de la fuerza esté vinculado con la planificación desde el principio. También se podría enviar a los funcionarios de planificación y operaciones a las distintas operaciones como oficiales mayores de personal de los comandantes de las Naciones Unidas. Sin embargo, sería preciso lograr un equilibrio entre las necesidades sobre el terreno y las necesidades en la Sede de Nueva York. Se debería tener buen cuidado de no diluir el núcleo central de conocimientos especializados hasta el punto de que resultara ineficaz. Al preparar un plan operacional, es preciso prestar la debida atención a los costos potenciales, para velar por que los gastos no excedan del nivel imprescindible para realizar con eficacia las tareas.", "8. Asimismo, es necesario examinar los mejores medios de atraer a funcionarios que estén habituados a trabajar juntos para que formen el núcleo de un centro de operaciones cuando se despliegue una nueva misión. Se podría pedir a los Estados que designaran a los funcionarios que podrían ser convocados por las Naciones Unidas para reemplazar a determinados miembros del personal de mantenimiento de la paz en el centro de operaciones, a los cuales se podría enviar a una nueva misión. El Reino Unido sugiere que el núcleo de funcionarios del cuadro orgánico de los centros de operaciones sobre el terreno provenga sobre todo de los Estados afectados o de las principales naciones. En ocasiones, una organización regional podría proporcionar ese núcleo. En el mejor de los casos, los funcionarios que ocupen puestos deberían haber recibido capacitación relativa a los procedimientos de la Sede de las Naciones Unidas y estar habituados a trabajar en un entorno multinacional. La interrelación de ese personal capacitado con los miembros del personal de planificación y operaciones que sean desplegados sobre el terreno, y que aportarán continuidad y conocimientos especializados, contribuirá a superar las desventajas inherentes con que se tropieza cuando se establece un centro de operaciones multinacional en la zona de una misión determinada.", "Comunicaciones e información", "9. Las Naciones Unidas tienen que proporcionar a los comandantes de la fuerza un análisis político pormenorizado, sobre la base de datos exactos y actualizados, acerca de la situación sobre el terreno. Quienes mejor realizan la labor de obtener esos datos son los expertos, que suelen utilizar equipo especializado. Para las Naciones Unidas, el costo de desarrollar internamente una capacidad viable de reunión de información militar resultaría prohibitivo. Por consiguiente, las Naciones Unidas deberían tratar de utilizar en mayor medida las capacidades que las distintas naciones u organizaciones multinacionales ya posean. Además, los comandantes de la fuerza deben poder desarrollar la capacidad de analizar información militar.", "10. Las Naciones Unidas tienen que crear una red de comunicaciones que abarque todo el sistema, a fin de que las comunicaciones estratégicas resulten eficientes y eficaces en función de los costos. Un grupo de trabajo sobre comunicaciones podría determinar el mejor modo de lograr que todas las entidades de las Naciones Unidas (incluidos los organismos) que participan en las operaciones puedan comunicarse mutuamente con eficacia. La clave es garantizar normas comunes y compatibilidad.", "11. Las Naciones Unidas podrían estudiar la necesidad de coordinar las tareas de levantamiento de mapas y la disponibilidad de éstos para las operaciones, así como el nombramiento de un asesor especializado en cartografía que forme parte del componente militar.", "Desactivación de minas", "12. El Reino Unido acoge con satisfacción el nombramiento por la Secretaría de un experto en barrido de minas. Es fundamental que esa tarea se coordine con todos los organismos interesados.", "Doctrinas y normas operacionales uniformes para el mantenimiento de la paz", "13. El hecho de que las fuerzas de las Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz procedan de numerosos Estados Miembros es una de las mayores ventajas, ya que significa que las misiones de las Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz pueden considerarse una manifestación de la preocupación de toda la comunidad internacional y no un medio de promover intereses nacionales o regionales más limitados. Sin embargo, esa ventaja política puede crear dificultades desde el punto de vista militar, al intentar trabajar juntas, con frecuencia por primera vez, fuerzas provenientes de naciones diversas con distintos niveles de conocimientos técnicos, que se rigen por distintas normas operacionales.", "14. La experiencia del Reino Unido como miembro de una alianza multinacional nos lleva a expresar la firme opinión de que la publicación de una doctrina táctica de las Naciones Unidas, sobre cuya base se pudieran elaborar normas operacionales uniformes, facilitaría la integración de una fuerza de las Naciones Unidas. Las Naciones Unidas tal vez desearan basarse en normas operacionales uniformes ya existentes que resulten pertinentes, como las establecidas por la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico del Norte (OTAN) para un entorno multinacional.", "15. Una vez que se elaboren, esa doctrina y esas normas operacionales uniformes se deberían difundir más ampliamente entre los Estados Miembros, tras ser adaptadas para tener en cuenta las operaciones en curso. Las naciones que aporten contingentes deberían tener pleno conocimiento de esas normas y estar en condiciones de aplicarlas antes del despliegue.", "Capacitación", "16. Las tareas de capacitación se deberían seguir realizando a nivel nacional, pero estructurándolas con miras a cumplir las normas de las Naciones Unidas relativas a los efectivos y las unidades. Se deberían examinar las posibilidades de que las escuelas superiores para el personal en todo el mundo se beneficiaran de un conjunto común de conocimientos al impartir capacitación a sus principales oficiales. Los Estados que tengan experiencia deberían estar dispuestos a enviar personal que participara en la labor de otras escuelas superiores para el personal y las ayudara a elaborar sus propios programas de capacitación.", "17. Asimismo, las Naciones Unidas podrían estudiar la posibilidad de que los países con experiencia en materia de mantenimiento de la paz desplegaran equipos reducidos de capacitación a corto plazo que se encargarían de adiestrar a unidades de las naciones menos experimentadas. Esa labor de capacitación se podría organizar a nivel regional y resultaría particularmente valiosa para los contingentes a los que se habría de asignar a la misma zona de una misión determinada.", "18. Tal vez quepa la posibilidad de que un equipo más reducido de funcionarios de capacitación de las Naciones Unidas adiestre al personal designado de antemano para desempeñar puestos esenciales en centros de operaciones locales. Gran parte de ese adiestramiento se podría impartir mediante técnicas de aprendizaje a distancia, tal vez haciendo uso de escuelas superiores para el personal a nivel nacional o regional.", "Interfaz político-militar y cooperación con otros organismos", "19. Es importante fomentar la comprensión entre los militares y los civiles, tanto en lo que respecta a las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz como a las relaciones con organismos humanitarios y de otra índole interesados.", "Observadores militares de las Naciones Unidas y observadores civiles", "20. Las Naciones Unidas se enfrentan a una escasez de observadores militares. También se podría examinar la posibilidad de establecer un núcleo de observadores civiles de las Naciones Unidas, que podrían ser personas con experiencia diplomática o ex militares que desearan prestar servicios a las Naciones Unidas; esos observadores civiles tendrían funciones similares a las de los observadores militares de las Naciones Unidas y podrían aportar una capacidad analítica adicional a fin de reforzar la labor de los asesores civiles de las Naciones Unidas. El objetivo podría consistir en desplegar equipos mixtos de observadores militares y civiles de las Naciones Unidas, que al combinar sus tareas podrían contribuir a la creación de vínculos y su labor al establecimiento de la paz que realizarían con arreglo a una doctrina común en apoyo del comandante de una fuerza.", "Logística", "21. El Reino Unido reconoce la necesidad de aumentar la capacidad logística de las Naciones Unidas. Un primer paso podría ser la formulación de normas operacionales uniformes para todas las esferas del apoyo logístico, incluidas las finanzas. El Reino Unido acoge con agrado y apoya plenamente el proyecto encabezado por el Canadá de establecer normas operacionales uniformes. Abriga la esperanza de que los resultados se puedan aplicar a toda la gama de operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "22. Será necesario complementar la elaboración y aplicación de una doctrina logística y normas operacionales uniformes con el suministro de capacitación a los países que aportan contingentes. Un Estado Miembro que posea los conocimientos especializados necesarios podría tomar la iniciativa y preparar un conjunto de servicios de capacitación.", "23. En los casos en que la situación sobre el terreno lo permita y resulte beneficioso desde el punto de vista económico se podría recurrir a contratistas civiles mediante licitación internacional. Ahora bien, es evidente que habría que coordinar las actividades logísticas globales, incluidas las relativas a los aspectos que estén a cargo del personal civil.", "24. Existe la innegable necesidad de coordinar los movimientos de los efectivos y tanto las evacuaciones de bajas en el teatro de operaciones como las evacuaciones por motivos médicos fuera de ese teatro.", "25. Teniendo en cuenta las presiones ejercidas sobre el personal internacional de las Naciones Unidas en el período intermedio, antes de que se aplique un criterio general sobre cuestiones de personal, las Naciones Unidas podrían emplear más funcionarios de contratación local, con los que se supliría la carencia de personal mediante contratos locales a corto plazo. Esos funcionarios podrían ser expertos en logística, administración, contabilidad, etc.", "Información pública", "26. Las Naciones Unidas necesitan adoptar un criterio más activo en lo que respecta a la política de información pública sobre las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. Deberían contratar más funcionarios especializados en tratar con los medios de difusión, ya que cada una de las operaciones se ve sometida a intensas presiones. Es necesario capacitar a personal de la Sede y de la misión para que se ocupe de los medios de difusión, presente argumentos convincentes sobre una operación determinada y formule comentarios sobre ella a medida que se desarrollo. Ya no se puede seguir supervisando dicha información exclusivamente desde Nueva York. Sería deseable que se estableciera una corriente más sistemática de información entre las Naciones Unidas y los países que aportan contingentes. Las Naciones Unidas podrían procurar contratar a especialistas (o, de hecho, a ex periodistas) a nivel local como personal de apoyo de las misiones.", "27. Al país al que se envía una misión se le debe explicar claramente, de antemano, en qué consiste el mandato y los objetivos de aquella. Por lo tanto, es evidente la necesidad de contar con una fuente de información importante desde el momento en que se envíe una misión de reconocimiento técnico a fin de estudiar la mejor manera de describir el mandato y la propia operación al país al que se envía la misión y a las partes locales.", "Administración y financiación sobre el terreno", "28. Las Naciones Unidas necesitan crear un cuerpo altamente profesional y capacitado de oficiales administrativos jefes que atiendan a las múltiples necesidades de las operaciones en curso y que, cumpliendo el principio de unidad de mando, presenten informes al Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz en Nueva York a través del jefe de la misión. Los distintos Estados podrían prestar asistencia en las actividades de capacitación para lograr que se utilicen los mejores métodos y haya entendimiento mutuo y esprit de corps. En ocasiones, el personal de las misiones en curso de grandes dimensiones podría encargarse de realizar en el teatro de operaciones algunas de las actividades de capacitación para futuras operaciones.", "29. Se deberían agilizar los procedimientos para contratar, en determinadas condiciones, personal civil a corto plazo. Los contratistas que ordinariamente proporcionan a las Naciones Unidas mano de obra calificada deberían recibir juegos de materiales de información y se las debería alentar a que prepararan sus propios cursos de capacitación.", "30. El Reino Unido está convencido de que en toda operación convendría otorgar un mayor grado de autoridad financiera delegada a los oficiales administrativos jefes. Para ello debería establecerse al mismo tiempo un sistema de inspecciones periódicas a fin de determinar si los recursos se utilizan de manera apropiada. Los procedimientos de las auditorías militares tienen indudable relevancia para las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "Equipo, costos y financiación", "31. El Reino Unido está de acuerdo en que podría haber ventajas operacionales en la creación de reservas rotatorias limitadas, derivadas posiblemente de recursos no utilizados en operaciones en curso, a fin de garantizar que se puedan satisfacer las necesidades inmediatas de despliegue en casos de emergencia. Además, el Reino Unido es consciente de que habría gastos por concepto de almacenamiento, conservación y rotación y pérdidas causadas por el desuso. Habría que estudiar a fondo las consecuencias financieras que ello podría tener, antes de volver a analizar esta cuestión.", "32. Se debería examinar también la posibilidad de utilizar más los contratos comanditarios entre las Naciones Unidas y empresas comerciales y países, en los casos de artículos que se utilicen con frecuencia. Habría que negociar de antemano los costos y las existencias tendrían que estar sujetas a inspecciones.", "33. Las Naciones Unidas deberían considerar la posibilidad de aplicar a todos los países que aportan contingentes un acuerdo uniforme de arrendamiento de equipo militar avanzado, en lugar de utilizar una fórmula de depreciación.", "34. Podría convenir que se explorara la posibilidad de que los Estados que posean equipo militar apropiado y en buen estado pagaran en especie hasta un determinado porcentaje de sus cuotas, con sujeción a inspección y verificación y tras la concertación de acuerdos sobre los costos de artículos concretos y sobre un conjunto de servicios de conservación.", "35. Antes de aprobar una resolución determinada, las Naciones Unidas deben presentar una estimación de los costos potenciales lo más completa posible, preferiblemente con 48 horas de antelación, a fin de que todos los Estados Miembros puedan examinar las consecuencias financieras antes de que se lleve a cabo la votación.", "36. El Reino Unido acepta en principio que la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas, a partir del momento en que se apruebe una resolución, deba enviar una notificación de cuotas correspondiente al 20% de los costos estimados, a fin de sufragar las necesidades inmediatas del despliegue. Para ello, la estimación de los costos potenciales tendría que estar disponible desde mucho antes. Además, podría ser útil que esos costos potenciales se examinaran de antemano con, por ejemplo, los quince principales países contribuyentes. Según las respuestas que se reciban, se debería autorizar al Secretario General a utilizar el fondo de reserva de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz para sufragar los gastos iniciales.", "37. Sin embargo, ésta es únicamente una solución a corto plazo. A largo plazo, no hay nada que pueda reemplazar el pago puntual e íntegro de las cuotas por los Estados Miembros. Se debería seguir instando en toda ocasión a los Estados Miembros, en particular a aquellos que son deudores recalcitrantes, a que sean mejores pagadores.", "38. Para mejorar la eficacia de las Naciones Unidas, las propuestas de operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz que de por sí dieran lugar a un aumento de los gastos deberían financiarse con los ahorros obtenidos mediante una nueva asignación de prioridades en el presupuesto ordinario o con cargo a un presupuesto de operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, según procediera.", "Unidades de reserva", "39. El Reino Unido acoge con agrado el inicio del proyecto de planificación de las unidades de reserva. Para que las fuerzas de mantenimiento de la paz puedan desplegarse con rapidez y estár provistas del equipo apropiado para la tarea de que se trate, es fundamental que el Secretario General cuente con información precisa sobre las fuerzas que los Estados Miembros estén dispuestos a aportar. El proceso de verificación es importante. Sería conveniente que se llevaran a cabo inspecciones anuales de un determinado porcentaje de las unidades declaradas y se pusieren al día los datos correspondientes. Por otra parte, las Naciones Unidas podrían seguir la práctica de la OTAN de enviar equipos a recabar información de los Estados de manera sistemática (como se hace con el cuestionario de la OTAN de planificación de la defensa). El Reino Unido se congratula de la proyectada visita a la OTAN.", "40. El Reino Unido cuenta con unas fuerzas armadas integradas por profesionales de dedicación plena, que cumplen compromisos muy diversos en todo el mundo. Debido a la índole de esos compromisos, al Reino Unido le resulta imposible asignar fuerzas al servicio exclusivo de las Naciones Unidas. No sería posible garantizar la disponibilidad de esas fuerzas. Sin embargo, el Reino Unido está dispuesto a examinar nuevas peticiones de que asigne fuerzas a las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz, considerando cada caso por separado y teniendo en cuenta los recursos que ya se hayan destinado a otros lugares.", "41. Por consiguiente, el Reino Unido cooperará plenamente con el grupo de planificación de las unidades de reserva, el cual deberá efectuar una visita al Reino Unido en un futuro cercano, explicándole sus diversas capacidades pertinentes tanto de mando como operacionales, aunque las solicitudes de desplegar efectivos tendrían que examinarse caso por caso.", "42. Los países que aportan fuerzas en la etapa inicial desearían asegurarse de que el compromiso de desplegar sus efectivos en esa etapa inicial se viera correspondido por otro compromiso por parte de las Naciones Unidas de convenir en una fecha firme de conclusión de ese compromiso inicial. Tal vez conviniera seguir analizando el criterio de que los países con efectivos disponibles bien adiestrados y equipados aportaran los primeros contingentes de una determinada fuerza de mantenimiento de la paz, para posibilitar así que otros países tengan tiempo de adiestrar y equipar a sus propias fuerzas hasta que alcancen el nivel requerido.", "43. El grupo podría examinar también la cuestión relativa al apoyo logístico que los Estados Miembros podrían poner a disposición de las Naciones Unidas, incluidos los traslados estratégicos.", "Policía civil de las Naciones Unidas", "44. La policía civil de las Naciones Unidas desempeña una función fundamental en las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas. Pero las distintas fuerzas policiales difieren mucho entre sí en lo que respecta al adiestramiento recibido y a los métodos utilizados. Las Naciones Unidas podrían examinar la posibilidad de efectuar un ejercicio de planificación de la reserva para analizar también la disponibilidad, los tipos y el adiestramiento de policías civiles, a fin de evaluar qué tipo de fuerza de policía es el más apropiado para una determinada misión.", "Función de las organizaciones regionales", "45. El Reino Unido es partidario de que las organizaciones regionales desempeñen una función mayor en el establecimiento de la paz, y posiblemente en el mantenimiento de la paz. Esas organizaciones conocen a fondo las condiciones locales y pueden aportar información de expertos sobre los antecedentes de un conflicto determinado.", "46. Por lo tanto, se podría examinar la posibilidad de reforzar y propiciar los vínculos con las organizaciones regionales apropiadas.", "47. Asimismo, cabría la posibilidad de recurrir a las organizaciones regionales para que ayudaran a capacitar al personal para operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz y talvez para la realización de actividades multinacionales.", "48. El Reino Unido apoya la idea de que se repartan las tareas y que las organizaciones regionales desempeñen una función mayor en sus propias esferas de competencia, en particular en lo que respecta al mantenimiento de la paz, sin dejar de reconocer que las Naciones Unidas tienen primacía en toda situación relacionada con la paz y la seguridad internacionales.", "ANEXO", "Algunas de las funciones del personal de planificación", "y operaciones", "a)Preparar información para asesorar al Secretario General en todos los aspectos de las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas en apoyo de la paz.", "b)Elaborar amplios planes de contingencia y mantener un banco de datos sobre las unidades de reserva.", "c)Formular propuestas relativas a la necesidad de fuerzas, el mando, la verificación y las comunicaciones, la logística, las normas para trabar combate y las necesidades y normas en materia de capacitación.", "d)Servir de enlace con los países y las organizaciones regionales y de otra índole, en particular en las esferas comprendidas en los apartados b) y c) supra.", "e)Prestar apoyo a las misiones de reconocimiento del Representante Especial y preparar evaluaciones desde el punto de vista militar.", "f)Verificar la aplicación de las normas establecidas por el Consejo de Seguridad para las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas.", "g)Proporcionar servicios de apoyo las 24 horas del día a las operaciones en curso.", "h)Preparar informes con posterioridad a las operaciones para el Consejo de Seguridad.", "YUGOSLAVIA", "[Original: inglés]", "[26 de agosto de 1993]", "La República Federativa de Yugoslavia apoya la iniciativa y el intento de definir criterios y fundamentos de las relaciones internacionales y el cometido de las Naciones Unidas en las nuevas condiciones que se han instaurado tras el final de la guerra fría, especialmente habida cuenta de la insistencia del Secretario General en tratar de resolver todos los problemas y conflictos por medios pacíficos.", "Habida cuenta de que todos reconocen y aceptan la función e importancia primordial de las Naciones Unidas en todos los procesos futuros tendientes a establecer salvaguardias y promover la paz mundial, es bastante comprensible que el enfoque y las orientaciones básicas de \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277‑S/24111) susciten un apoyo generalizado entre los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas, incluida la República Federativa de Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia ha hecho su propia contribución a las actividades de preparación del \"Programa\", si bien la importancia y alcance de esa aportación muchas veces se vieron limitadas por las sanciones de las Naciones Unidas; de no haber existido estas sanciones, dicha contribución habría sido mucho más vasta y conforme a los deseos y posibilidades de Yugoslavia.", "Como uno de los Estados Miembros fundador de las Naciones Unidas, que participó en muchas misiones de paz bajo los auspicios de la Organización mundial durante toda su historia, Yugoslavia ha sido uno de los más firmes promotores de los principios básicos plasmados en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, como la paz, la cooperación pacífica, el fomento de la confianza y la promoción de las relaciones entre los Estados y el respeto de los derechos humanos, en favor de la prosperidad general.", "Es indudable que la nueva índole de las relaciones internacionales en el período posterior a la guerra fría, caracterizadas por el deseo de cooperación y no de enfrentamiento, exige los pertinentes ajustes estructurales y conceptuales en las Naciones Unidas, para obtener respuestas más eficaces y apropiadas a los retos del futuro. Al mismo tiempo, los propios Estados Miembros, y entre ellos, los más grandes, poderosos y desarrollados, deben también adaptar sus propias políticas y posiciones. Deberán hacerlo teniendo siempre presentes los principios básicos de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, como piedra angular que sustenta todas las actividades futuras de la Organización. Ello es así, porque las Naciones Unidas tienen la más sagrada de las misiones, a saber, la preservación de la paz y la seguridad mundiales, y asumen la responsabilidad primordial de cumplir esta función de forma eficaz, imparcial y justa, de conformidad con el derecho internacional. Por consiguiente, la transformación de las instituciones internacionales, y principalmente las Naciones Unidas, para adaptarse a las nuevas condiciones, se hará mediante modalidades de cooperación multilateral y con la participación de todos sus Estados Miembros, en un pie de igualdad. Es indudable que la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas constituye la tribuna más apropiada para todas estas actividades.", "Desde el punto de vista político, sería poco realista no tomar en cuenta el ascendiente y poderío de las grandes Potencias del mundo y su influencia en la formulación del nuevo sistema de relaciones internacionales. Por consiguiente, en las actividades futuras vinculadas al establecimiento del sistema iniciado con el \"Programa\", se deberá mostrar un alto grado de responsabilidad en el enfoque de todos los factores pertinentes, y de esos países en particular. Si se evolucionara hacia la promoción de los intereses de algunos países o algunos grupos de países, a costa de los intereses de otros, las intenciones básicas proclamadas en el \"Programa\" quedarían anuladas.", "Las decisiones que haya adoptado o adopte en el futuro el Consejo de Seguridad con respecto a la crisis en la ex Yugoslavia son una prueba elocuente de que las cuestiones abordadas en el \"Programa\" merecen atenderse con urgencia y abordarse sin prejuicios ni parcialidad; ello, lamentablemente, no ha ocurrido en el caso de Yugoslavia.", "Al estallar la crisis yugoslava, las Naciones Unidas establecieron una fuerza de protección de la paz (UNPROFOR) con la tarea específica de proteger a la población hasta que se lograra una solución política duradera. Sobre el terreno, la UNPROFOR estableció una cooperación eficaz con la Misión de Observación de la Comunidad Europea. El mandato de la UNPROFOR se extendió gradualmente, tanto en lo que respecta al territorio abarcado (además de las zonas protegidas por las Naciones Unidas, comprendía la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina, Prevlaka y Macedonia), como las tareas encomendadas por lo cual las operaciones de paz en el territorio de la ex Yugoslavia representan actualmente la operación de paz más importante, compleja y onerosa de la historia de las Naciones Unidas. Durante su misión, se aprobaron resoluciones por las que se autorizaba la utilización de la fuerza, con arreglo al Capítulo VII de la Carta, a fin de garantizar el envío de asistencia humanitaria e implantar refugios seguros en la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina. Se ha establecido una estrecha cooperación entre las Naciones Unidas y la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico del Norte (OTAN) para la aplicación de las decisiones del Consejo de Seguridad sobre la zona de prohibición de vuelos en la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina.", "El Consejo de Seguridad, sin haber evaluado antes adecuadamente la situación, aprobó resoluciones por la que se imponían sanciones injustas y parciales contra la República Federativa de Yugoslavia. Estas sanciones, por su carácter severo y global, no tienen precedentes en la historia de las Naciones Unidas y castigan a todo un pueblo. Es particularmente absurda la resolución 820 (1993), que aísla a la República Federativa de Yugoslavia del mundo exterior y que - el insulto se suma al perjuicio - se aprobó porque los serbios de Bosnia, ciudadanos de otro Estado reconocido por las Naciones Unidas, se habían negado a aceptar el plan Vance-Owen para la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina. La aprobación de esta resolución en ese momento fue una manifestación de hipocresía puesto que la República Federativa de Yugoslavia había apoyado el plan Vance-Owen como marco para la búsqueda de una paz justa y duradera, aceptable para los tres participantes en la guerra civil en la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina. La \"ligereza inadmisible\" de la comunidad internacional en la crisis en la ex Yugoslavia se ha visto confirmada por los acontecimientos: el plan Vance-Owen ha sido prácticamente abandonado; sin embargo, las sanciones decretadas contra la República Federativa de Yugoslavia no sólo no se han levantado, sino que se sigue insistiendo en su aplicación estricta. La incoherencia, e incluso arbitrariedad manifestada frente a los propósitos y los principios de la Carta no contribuyen en absoluto a fortalecer la paz y la seguridad mundial, y mucho menos a la aprobación y afianzamiento de \"Un programa de paz\".", "Con estos antecedentes, la experiencia de cooperación de la República Federativa de Yugoslavia con las Naciones Unidas, para la solución de la crisis en el territorio de la ex República Socialista Federativa de Yugoslavia, es sumamente valiosa para la labor futura de las Naciones Unidas en lo que respecta al mantenimiento de la paz, la financiación de la operación y la contratación de personal, pero también un ejemplo de un precedente peligroso sentado en nombre y bajo la autoridad de la Organización mundial.", "En este contexto, la República Federativa de Yugoslavia se siente obligada a hacer varias observaciones sobre algunas tendencias inadmisibles en las relaciones internacionales, que se manifestaron particularmente en el proceso de solución de la crisis yugoslava. A partir de la adhesión constante de Yugoslavia a la causa de la paz y los principios básicos de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y el derecho internacional, así como la experiencia adquirida en la solución de la crisis en la ex Yugoslavia, a continuación se presentan algunas posiciones sobre \"Un programa de paz\".", "La importancia y el lugar de las Naciones Unidas en el establecimiento, la salvaguardia y la promoción de la paz y la seguridad mundiales son irremplazables. Las Naciones Unidas son y deben seguir siendo el principal centro eficaz e imparcial de todas las actividades tendientes a establecer, salvaguardar y proteger la paz y la seguridad en el mundo.", "El Consejo de Seguridad es el principal órgano ejecutivo de las Naciones Unidas, y primer responsable del mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales. Esta función del Consejo de Seguridad fue muy evidente durante el proceso de solución de la crisis yugoslava. Lamentablemente, también han cobrado importancia algunas tendencias nuevas y negativas.", "Durante la aprobación de las decisiones pertinentes del Consejo de Seguridad, especialmente las relativas a la guerra en la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina, existía un alto grado de convergencia, especialmente entre los miembros permanentes del Consejo de Seguridad; a raíz de ello, como norma las decisiones se adoptaron por unanimidad, en contraste con el período de la guerra fría, práctica que en sí misma no es en absoluto negativa. Esta es, indudablemente, una característica nueva e importante y un signo de la consolidación del papel del Consejo de Seguridad. Dicha tendencia, y la República Federativa de Yugoslavia está convencida de compartir la opinión de muchos otros países a este respecto, es loable sólo si la unanimidad del Consejo de Seguridad no refleja la supremacía absoluta y la arbitrariedad de algunos de sus miembros permanentes, que otros países aprueban tácitamente, o por lo menos no desaprueban abiertamente, conscientes de su incapacidad, en una relación de fuerzas determinada, de ejercer influencia decisiva y, de esta forma, modificar o incluso prevenir la adopción de determinadas decisiones.", "Habida cuenta de lo dicho, y sin perjuicio de la importancia del Consejo de Seguridad y la universalidad de intereses y la necesidad de establecer una paz duradera y estable, el proceso iniciado en el marco del \"Programa\" debe contar con la participación de todos los interesados, es decir, todos los miembros de las Naciones Unidas, en la planificación de soluciones futuras. La forma más adecuada de esa participación es a través de sus actividades en la Asamblea General y al mismo tiempo, es preciso reforzar considerablemente la función de este órgano capital de la Organización.", "Como Estado que ha contribuido bastante a la formulación del cometido de las fuerzas de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas y otras actividades de las Naciones Unidas, la República Federativa de Yugoslavia comprende la importancia de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz y su necesidad de una financiación periódica.", "La experiencia de todas las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas, y particularmente la adquirida en las guerras civiles, como en el caso de la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina y Somalia, han demostrado que entre las funciones prioritarias de estas misiones figura la prestación de asistencia humanitaria. El problema específico es garantizar la protección de las fuerzas de las Naciones Unidas. Habida cuenta de la complejidad de estas cuestiones, se debe buscar una solución eficaz al problema, que asegure una administración fluida de las actividades de las Naciones Unidas, especialmente cuando se debe recurrir a la fuerza, sobre la base de una observancia estricta de los principios de la Carta y las disposiciones pertinentes del derecho internacional, así como de un análisis cuidadoso y una concepción elaborada en que se tomen en cuenta todos los elementos y especificidades pertinentes del Estado y de la región de que se trata. Las Naciones Unidas, pues, sólo deberían intervenir en los asuntos de un país si lo consiente el país interesado. Sobre todo, porque el mandato de las Naciones Unidas se extiende cada vez con mayor frecuencia a cuestiones que tradicionalmente eran de competencia de los propios Estados, y cada vez más se buscan soluciones por conducto de acuerdos que prevén el empleo de la fuerza, ya sea por parte de las Naciones Unidas o mediante asistencia militar recabada fuera del sistema de las Naciones Unidas, opción a que la República Federativa de Yugoslavia objeta categóricamente.", "Un futuro orden internacional que se base en precedentes, el apartamiento de los principios básicos de la Carta y el derecho internacional, o incluso su violación flagrante, la aplicación de un \"doble rasero\", práctica deplorable empleada en la crisis yugoslava, particularmente evidente en el reconocimiento internacional de la secesión forzosa de las partes administrativas de la ex República Socialista Federativa de Yugoslavia, y la negativa de reconocer la legitimidad de la continuidad internacional de la República Federativa de Yugoslavia, así como en el establecimiento de sanciones injustas, parciales y prácticamente racistas contra toda la nación, son factores que no sólo son peligrosos y conducentes al caos sino también, sin duda alguna, una fuente de tensión, conflictos y amenazas constantes a la paz y a la seguridad. El ejemplo de Yugoslavia aporta muchas pruebas al respecto.", "Estos elementos se confirman con los intentos cada vez más frecuentes y peligrosos de involucrar a organizaciones regionales fuera de los territorios de sus Estados miembros (CE, OTAN, Unión Europea Occidental (UEO), Organización de la Conferencia Islámica, bajo el pretexto de recabar su cooperación con las Naciones Unidas en el mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad. El motivo obvio de esta actitud es satisfacer, de esta manera, objetivos e intereses particulares de tipo político, estratégico u otro orden. Es especialmente inaceptable que se intente utilizar a las Naciones Unidas como pantalla para la consecución de objetivos particulares y fundamentalmente expansionistas. Las Naciones Unidas tienen la obligación moral de oponerse a esos intentos. Es preciso también que consideren seriamente esas cuestiones en sus debates sobre la preparación del \"Programa\", para asegurar que la Organización asuma un nuevo lugar y función en el mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad, y para promover el progreso y la prosperidad en todo el mundo.", "La experiencia adquirida en la crisis yugoslava revela una tendencia que, de proseguirse, podría tener repercusiones muy graves en la evolución futura de las relaciones internacionales. Concretamente, las Naciones Unidas y su Consejo de Seguridad recurren hoy con mucho más facilidad al empleo de la fuerza, en virtud del Capítulo VII de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas. Al hacerlo, se apartan cada vez con mayor frecuencia de los principios básicos de la Carta y del espíritu de las normas del derecho internacional, o los interpretan de forma muy amplia, y a veces incluso arbitraria. El ejemplo más patente es la decisión de establecer un Tribunal Internacional para el enjuiciamiento de los presuntos responsables de las violaciones graves del derecho internacional humanitario cometidas en el territorio de la ex Yugoslavia. Es obvio que unos pocos países ejercieron una influencia decisiva en la adopción de esa decisión, tratando por esa vía de satisfacer algunos de sus intereses específicos, y amparándose indebidamente en la autoridad de las Naciones Unidas.", "Es sumamente peligroso que el Consejo de Seguridad adopte sus decisiones con precipitación, sobre la base de acusaciones falsas y por motivos políticos, como lamentablemente ha sido el caso muchas veces al abordarse la crisis yugoslava.", "Estos precedentes consolidan sólo en apariencia la credibilidad y autoridad de la Organización mundial, no propician el fomento de la confianza ni tampoco constituyen un modelo para la solución de conflictos futuros. Las sanciones injustas, parciales y sumamente severas impuestas contra la República Federativa de Yugoslavia son indicadores de un apartamiento inadmisible de los principios establecidos de la Carta y los principios y normas fundamentales del derecho internacional.", "Un ejemplo notorio de duplicidad y aplicación de un doble rasero ha sido el desconocimiento del derecho de la República Federativa de Yugoslavia a participar en las actividades de las Naciones Unidas y de otros órganos y organizaciones internacionales. Este método de castigo a un Estado, que es Miembro de pleno derecho de las Naciones Unidas, sin fundamento jurídico alguno en la Carta o el derecho internacional, no es en absoluto la forma más acertada de resolver los problemas y conflictos internacionales. Es particularmente improcedente en el caso de una guerra civil como la que se libra en el territorio de la ex República Yugoslava de Bosnia y Herzegovina.", "La República Federativa de Yugoslavia, en sus relaciones internacionales, asigna una prioridad absoluta a la utilización de medios políticos para la solución de todos los conflictos y diferencias y, en ese marco, aprecia y agradece altamente los esfuerzos del Secretario General por llegar a una solución pacífica de algunas crisis y conflictos. Por consiguiente, al elaborarse las actividades futuras de las Naciones Unidas previstas en el \"Programa\", se deberá dedicar especial atención a la solución pacífica de controversias y a la diplomacia preventiva. En este sentido, convendría realzar la importancia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia, cuya función ha sido injustamente dejada de lado, y tratar de recabar y utilizar con mayor frecuencia en el futuro sus consejos especializados e imparciales.", "La República Federativa de Yugoslavia opina que las medidas de fuerza y coacción previstas en el Capítulo VII de la Carta, en particular las sanciones, deberían emplearse sólo como último recurso y una vez que la comunidad internacional haya agotado los demás medios en la búsqueda de una solución pacífica. Las medidas coercitivas, y las sanciones en particular, no son aptas para resolver un conflicto internacional, especialmente una guerra civil, y nunca han podido, ni podrán, reemplazar a los medios pacíficos y políticos de solución de problemas y conflictos, con arreglo a la Carta. Si la comunidad internacional optara, de todos modos, por imponer medidas coercitivas, esa opción debe basarse en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y estar respaldada por los elementos y las explicaciones el caso. Del procedimiento de adopción de la decisión citada, y de la propia decisión, debe surgir, sin lugar a dudas, que la situación que examina el Consejo de Seguridad justifica la adopción de las medidas previstas en el Capítulo VII, y que no pueden ponerse en tela de juicio los motivos del Consejo de Seguridad para adoptar tal decisión.", "Un estudio exhaustivo de las medidas adoptadas contra la República Federativa de Yugoslavia en virtud del Capítulo VII de la Carta, particularmente de los efectos de las sanciones sobre Yugoslavia, así como sobre los países vecinos de Yugoslavia y otros países de la región, facilitaría por cierto el examen de las cuestiones contempladas en el \"Programa\". Contribuiría a situar en la perspectiva correcta toda la experiencia negativa de la República Federativa de Yugoslavia y los Estados limítrofes frente a las sanciones de las Naciones Unidas, y particularmente las consecuencias de esas sanciones en las categorías más vulnerables de la población, a saber, lactantes, niños, ancianos, y enfermos.", "Con una visión retrospectiva de la experiencia de Yugoslavia frente a los intentos de la comunidad internacional por resolver la crisis, y especialmente las consecuencias perjudiciales de las sanciones de las Naciones Unidas, se propone que dichas sanciones se impongan de manera muy selectiva y sólo como último recurso y que tengan una duración limitada.", "Habida cuenta de las graves consecuencias de las sanciones en la vida sociopolítica general del país que las soporta y los países afectados por ellas indirectamente, es totalmente pertinente pedir que se atienda también particularmente al establecimiento de mecanismos para prestar asistencia financiera y de otro tipo a los países que, sin tener ninguna culpa, resultan perjudicados por las sanciones.", "Las consecuencias negativas destructivas y de largo alcance de los conflictos actuales, especialmente las guerras civiles e interétnicas - cuyo número ha aumentado en los últimos años -, indican la necesidad de que en las futuras deliberaciones se haga especial hincapié en algunas de las cuestiones contempladas en el \"Programa\" que son propias del período consecutivo a la cesación de un conflicto. En este marco, además de las cuestiones relativas a la recuperación y reconstrucción económica, cobran especial importancia las cuestiones humanitarias y las relativas con la protección de los derechos humanos.", "En general, y teniendo presente el principio de justicia, paz y seguridad, así como el problema de la relación de fuerzas en un momento determinado, resulta bastante legítimo preguntarse si, por su índole, las sanciones deben ser obligatorias o facultativas, es decir si la decisión de su aplicación se debe dejar supeditada a la voluntad política y la evaluación de los propios Estados Miembros. La República Federativa de Yugoslavia es un buen ejemplo de la pertinencia de este planteo. Un número importante de países consideran que las sanciones contra Yugoslavia son demasiado severas, injustas y parciales, pero deben aplicarlas por ser una decisión del Consejo de Seguridad.", "El conjunto de cuestiones que se plantean en el ámbito de los derechos humanos y la garantía de una aplicación constante de las normas aceptadas por todos debe constituir, por cierto, el centro del interés y la actividad de las Naciones Unidas. Sin embargo, es inaceptable, y absolutamente inadmisible que esta cuestión delicada se invoque como pretexto de injerencia en los asuntos internos de Estados soberanos particularmente en caso de intervención. El carácter delicado y complejo del asunto, y en particular, las características peculiares de cada región y país, no dejan cabida para la arbitrariedad y la obstinación. La responsabilidad de las Naciones Unidas en este sentido es considerable.", "Las actividades de las Naciones Unidas no deben estar supeditadas a los intereses exclusivos de algunos de los países involucrados en las actividades o que, guiados por sus intereses particulares, aspiren a encauzar las actividades de las Naciones Unidas exclusivamente en función de sus intereses. Al examinarse las cuestiones previstas en el \"Programa\", se deberá tratar en lo posible de instaurar un mecanismo estable que garantice un enfoque objetivo, y en condiciones de igualdad, de la prestación de asistencia humanitaria, y que eliminen todos los sesgos respecto de los Estados que, como norma, son los principales donantes. Huelga decir que la aplicación constante de los principios de la Carta y de las normas pertinentes del derecho internacional deben servir de base a cualquier medida que se emprenda bajo los auspicios o por conducto de un mecanismo de las Naciones Unidas.", "En este marco, un punto de referencia singular es la experiencia adquirida en la crisis yugoslava, en particular, en la guerra civil, interétnica y religiosa en la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina. No hace falta aclarar que las guerras civiles constituyen una amenaza a los derechos humanos fundamentales de todos, con independencia de su origen nacional. Nadie es inocente en una guerra civil. Este debe, pues, ser el punto de partida, en la prestación de la asistencia humanitaria y al examinarse las amenazas a los derechos humanos en las zonas afectadas por combates. La solución de castigar a un solo de los participantes en una guerra civil no puede sentar una buena base para una solución justa y duradera.", "Al ser así, es difícil justificar que se castigue a un Estado que no es parte en un conflicto, como el caso de las sanciones impuestas exclusivamente contra la República Federativa de Yugoslavia, bajo la acusación infundada y absurda de haber perpetrado una agresión contra la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina. Ello es también manifiesto para los principales factores internacionales, particularmente los que pidieron inicialmente e impusieron su establecimiento.", "De conformidad con la posición de principios de la República Federativa de Yugoslavia sobre el empleo de la fuerza y de medidas coercitivas, se destaca el carácter delicado de las cuestiones vinculadas con la \"fuerzas de intervención rápida\", a las que el Secretario General asigna gran importancia. Estas cuestiones complejas exigen un análisis detenido, al que deberán prestar su contribución todos los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas, ciertamente los más directamente interesados en sentar un marco claro al respecto.", "Para concluir, la República Federativa de Yugoslavia anuncia una vez más que está dispuesta a contribuir plenamente en la elaboración de \"Un programa de paz\", así como en las actividades de las Naciones Unidas y otras organizaciones internacionales, con arreglo a los principios y metas de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y los principios y normas básicas del derecho internacional.", "II. RESPUESTAS RECIBIDAS DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES INTERGUBERNAMENTALES", "ASOCIACION DE NACIONES DEL ASIA SUDORIENTAL", "[Original: inglés]", "[26 de julio de 1993]", "1. Las Naciones Unidas son indispensables para el mantenimiento de la seguridad y el orden internacionales. Las propuestas de \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277-S/24111) formuladas por el Secretario General representan un nuevo análisis y un enfoque innovador encaminados a fortalecer el cometido de las Naciones Unidas en ese ámbito, tal como se desprende de la Carta. Como reflejo de las nuevas condiciones estratégicas mundiales, las Naciones Unidas pueden en la actualidad cumplir más eficazmente sus funciones en materia de diplomacia preventiva, establecimiento de la paz, mantenimiento de la paz y consolidación de la paz, que representan un componente fundamental en la prevención y solución de conflictos. Sin embargo, han surgido en los planos regional y subregional nuevos conflictos y problemas, que plantean nuevas exigencias a la Organización.", "2. En la región de Asia y el Pacífico, la modificación del equilibrio estratégico mundial ya ha traído aparejados ajustes en la política de las superpotencias y los países de la región. Habida cuenta de la incertidumbre actual, la ASEAN se ha empeñado en establecer, junto con los principales países de la región de Asia y el Pacífico, diversos mecanismos de diálogo y consulta permanentes sobre la seguridad en la región, con miras a anticipar y resolver los problemas, antes de que se generen crisis o conflictos. En este sentido, la ASEAN y las principales Potencias pueden complementar algunas de las funciones de las Naciones Unidas en la esfera de la prevención y solución de conflictos regionales en Asia y el Pacífico. En el Asia sudoriental, las medidas adoptadas por las Naciones Unidas por conducto de la Autoridad Provisional de las Naciones Unidas en Camboya (APRONUC) culminaron en mayo de 1993 con la celebración pacífica y fructífera de elecciones generales en el país. La ASEAN desearía que las Naciones Unidas continúen desempeñando en la región su papel en materia de diplomacia preventiva, establecimiento de la paz, mantenimiento de la paz y consolidación de la paz después de los conflictos. Estima asimismo que la causa de la paz y la estabilidad internacionales se verá reforzada gracias al dinamismo económico y el desarrollo social en todo el mundo.", "Diplomacia preventiva", "3. La ASEAN hace suya la opinión del Secretario General en materia de diplomacia preventiva y, en particular, las propuestas de desarrollar el concepto de diplomacia preventiva por conducto de medidas tales como el fomento de la confianza, la investigación de los hechos y la alerta temprana. Es indispensable definir y limitar los conflictos potenciales antes de que estallen. La ASEAN puede contribuir a la diplomacia preventiva regional, en cooperación con las Naciones Unidas. El principio de la diplomacia preventiva y el arreglo pacífico de las controversias está plasmado en el Tratado de Amistad y Cooperación en el Asia Sudoriental.", "4. La ASEAN apoya en principio las medidas de fomento de la confianza definidas por el Secretario General. Se puede considerar que la propia Asociación es una manifestación acabada del fomento de la confianza en el plano regional. Ella introdujo en la región algunos conceptos generales de fomento de la confianza, tales como las zonas de paz, libertad y neutralidad y las Zonas Libres de Armas Nucleares en el Asia Sudoriental. La Declaración de la ASEAN sobre la China meridional es otro ejemplo de medidas de fomento de la confianza regional. La Asociación ha prestado asimismo su apoyo al Registro de Armas Convencionales de las Naciones Unidas.", "5. La ASEAN acoge con beneplácito la aprobación, por consenso de la resolución 47/120 de la Asamblea General, de 18 de diciembre de 1992, que, entre otras cosas, incluye algunas importantes decisiones sobre investigación de los hechos. Tras hacer suya la Declaración sobre la determinación de los hechos por las Naciones Unidas en la esfera del mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales, aprobada por las Naciones Unidas en su resolución 46/59 de 9 de diciembre de 1991, la ASEAN toma nota de que las misiones de investigación de los hechos emprendidas por el Secretario General, el Consejo de Seguridad o la Asamblea deberían ajustarse a las directrices aprobadas por la Asamblea, en particular, el requisito del consentimiento previo de los Estados interesados. El Artículo 99 de la Carta permite al Secretario General pedir al Consejo de Seguridad que considere y tome medidas con respecto a cualquier asunto que pueda poner en peligro el mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales, y esta norma puede servir como elemento de diplomacia preventiva.", "6. La ASEAN coincide con muchas de las propuestas del Secretario General sobre alerta temprana, es decir, las medidas tendientes a establecer un mecanismo eficaz de alerta temprana, y el importante papel que pueden desempeñar a este respecto las organizaciones regionales.", "Establecimiento de la paz", "7. La ASEAN apoya la propuesta del Secretario General de que se refuerce el papel del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas en el arreglo pacífico de controversias, como se indica en el Capítulo VI de la Carta. El Consejo debe seguir siendo el principal órgano encartado de mantener la paz y la seguridad internacionales y resolver las cuestiones que han generado conflicto. Es preciso acudir a la Asamblea General, como órgano universal, cuando sea necesario para prevenir o frenar situaciones que amenazan la paz y la seguridad internacionales. Ello ha quedado demostrado con la experiencia de la ASEAN en la cuestión de Camboya. Es posible, asimismo, designar representantes especiales del Secretario General en regiones o países específicos, para promover el conocimiento de las Naciones Unidas y prever por anticipado las posibles fuentes de conflicto. La ASEAN estima también que en caso de conflicto el establecimiento de la paz puede verse facilitado por medidas internacionales encaminadas a mejorar las circunstancias que hayan contribuido a esa situación. Sería conveniente realzar la eficacia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia.", "8. La ASEAN opina asimismo que, al concebirse los regímenes de sanciones, el Consejo de Seguridad debe tener en cuenta consideraciones humanitarias. En este sentido, convendría que el Consejo iniciara un estudio sobre la eficacia de los diversos tipos de sanciones para alcanzar los objetivos deseados.", "9. La ASEAN apoya en principio al Secretario General cuando preconiza el uso de la fuerza militar con carácter transitorio, para el cumplimiento de las medidas decididas por las Naciones Unidas, si los medios pacíficos no dan resultados. Con miras a mejorar las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, podría estudiarse con mayor detenimiento la experiencia que se ha adquirido en la APRONUC, tanto en el terreno como en la Sede de las Naciones Unidas, y la posibilidad de establecer una fuerza de las Naciones Unidas para el resguardo de la paz. Al reunirse las fuerzas, será preciso obrar con flexibilidad, pues algunos países deberán hacer frente a limitaciones constitucionales y problemas con la opinión pública. El componente principal de las unidades de resguardo de la paz procederá de los países que están dispuestos a ofrecer fuerzas.", "Mantenimiento de la paz", "10. En general la ASEAN apoya las propuestas del Secretario General para el mantenimiento de la paz en lo que se refiere a los aspectos financiero y logístico. Sin embargo, la Asociación estima que las Naciones Unidas deberán velar por una mejor relación costo-eficacia en sus operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. Asimismo, exhorta a todos los países a que abonen íntegra y puntualmente sus cuotas y contribuciones. El personal propuesto para las actividades de mantenimiento de la paz deberá ser sumamente competente, experimentado y adiestrado, para hacer frente a las tareas cada vez más complejas que supone la aplicación y el cumplimiento de los mandatos de las Naciones Unidas. La formación del personal para las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz estará basada en las normas y conceptos aceptados por las Naciones Unidas en materia de operaciones.", "Consolidación de la paz", "11. La ASEAN comparte la opinión del Secretario General de que la consolidación de la paz debe considerarse la contraparte de la diplomacia preventiva. La consolidación de la paz, especialmente después de un conflicto, abarca no sólo la solución de los problemas políticos del desarrollo institucional y de la infraestructura, sino también las amenazas no militares a la seguridad, tales como las causas económicas y sociales de inestabilidad.", "Financiación", "12. La ASEAN reconoce que una base financiera sólida y estable es un requisito indispensable para la aplicación eficiente y eficaz de todos los programas y actividades de las Naciones Unidas. Ello es particularmente válido en este momento en que la Organización hace frente a exigencias y dificultades cada vez mayores, especialmente en el ámbito de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. En la actualidad las Naciones Unidas administran 14 operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz en diversas regiones del mundo. Este aumento sin precedente del número de operaciones del mantenimiento de la paz emprendidas por las Naciones Unidas desde su fundación ejerce, por cierto, tensión sobre sus escasos recursos, en la medida en que el pago de las cuotas y contribuciones no ha ido a la par con las necesidades de efectivo para cada operación. Esta deplorable situación financiera de las Naciones Unidas persiste aún, debido simplemente al número de Estados Miembros que no cumplen con las obligaciones estatutarias que han asumido en virtud de la Carta, que les exige el pago puntual de sus cuotas y contribuciones al presupuesto ordinario y a las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. La ASEAN, por consiguiente, exhorta a todos los Estados Miembros a que paguen sus cuotas totalmente y a tiempo.", "Conclusión", "13. La ASEAN acoge con beneplácito y elogia muchas de las propuestas formuladas por el Secretario General en su informe \"Un Programa de Paz\". La región de Asia y el Pacífico atraviesa, en el decenio de 1990, por condiciones favorables, y los países que la integran disfrutan de la paz, tanto entre sí como con los de otras regiones. Los importantes cambios ocurridos en el plano internacional tras el final de la guerra fría han generado cierta incertidumbre, pero también han ofrecido una oportunidad histórica de cooperación internacional encaminada a fortalecer las perspectivas de la paz y prosperidad en el mundo. La comunidad mundial tiene la obligación de tomar medidas para salvar a las generaciones futuras del flagelo de la guerra. Las propuestas del Secretario General contenidas en \"Un Programa de Paz\" son importantes medidas en pro de la paz y la estabilidad internacionales. Cuando se promueva la eficacia de las Naciones Unidas en el mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales, no podrá pasarse por alto la necesidad urgente de un enfoque general e integrado de la paz, el desarrollo y la democracia. Ha llegado el momento de que las Naciones Unidas tomen razón de que la paz y la prosperidad están interrelacionadas, y adopten medidas y programas de acción en concreto.", "SECRETARIA DEL COMMONWEALTH", "[Véase el texto completo en el documento S/25996/Add.2]", "-----", "[1] Las respuestas se reproducen en la forma en que se han recibido. Las dominaciones empleadas en esta publicación no entrañan, de parte de la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas, juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de ninguno de los países, territorios o zonas o de sus autoridades.", "[2] * En nombre de los países nórdicos, Dinamarca, Finlandia, Islandia, Noruega y Suecia." ]	[ "A S", "1", "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE POSITION OF TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/403/Add.1", "S/26450/Add.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ARABIC/ENGLISH/", "FRENCH/RUSSIAN", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD EXTRA RETURNS.GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 87", "COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE WHOLE", "QUESTION OF PEACE-KEEPING", "OPERATIONS IN ALL THEIR ASPECTS", "Improving the capacity of the United Nations for peace-keeping", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "CONTENTS", "Page", "I. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES 1/ ........................... 3", "Australia ........................................................ 3", "France ........................................................... 3", "Namibia .......................................................... 10", "Qatar ............................................................ 11", "Russian Federation ............................................... 12", "Sweden ........................................................... 17", "Thailand ......................................................... 19", "__________", "1/ The replies have been reproduced as received. The designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities.", "93-50509 (E) 091193 /...", "CONTENTS (continued)", "Page", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ............. 21", "Yugoslavia ....................................................... 29", "II. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ............ 36", "Association of South-East Asian Nations .......................... 36", "Commonwealth Secretariat ......................................... 39", "I. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES", "AUSTRALIA", "[Original: English]", "[6 August 1993]", "1. \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) points to the rapid evolution in the nature of peace-keeping operations in recent years. Mandates have become more complex and the size and make-up of peace-keeping forces as well as the number of operations in place at any one time are of a quite different order to that experienced for the first 40 years of the United Nations.", "2. This expansion of peace-keeping and the diversification of peace-keepers' roles has occurred largely without debate or explicit consensus on the appropriate role for the United Nations and other bodies or on the desirable political and practical limits to peace-keeping.", "3. Peace-keeping demands have outstripped the current planning and logistical capacity of the United Nations. They present Member States with increasing financial and human resource demands. It is widely recognized that the United Nations is overstretched, with a level of organization, resources and procedures no longer adequate to cope with the demands made of it.", "4. There is, therefore, growing reason to agree on more predictable conditions for deploying peace-keeping operations and to define more clearly the realistic limits to what the United Nations can be expected to achieve.", "5. The Government of Australia is currently developing its views on how these conditions could best be articulated. At the same time, it fully supports efforts to enhance the effectiveness of United Nations peace-keeping. It welcomes the recent reforms to strengthen the Secretariat's capacity for planning, logistics and command and control of peace-keeping. Australia will continue to play an active role in discussion and development of proposals by Member States in consultation with the Secretary-General on practical steps to improve the effectiveness of peace-keeping.", "FRANCE", "[Original: French]", "[28 July 1993]", "1. France has taken note with satisfaction of the report of the Secretary‑General dated 15 June 1993 (S/25944) on implementation of the recommendations contained in \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111). It is pleased at the measures already taken.", "2. In accordance with the wishes expressed by the Secretary-General, the French Government wishes to contribute to the thinking on the subject and to communicate its views as follows:", "I. ENHANCED PREPARATION OF PEACE-KEEPING OPERATIONS", "Strengthening of the Secretariat", "3. France welcomes the substantial increase in staff and the enhancement of the infrastructures of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations. Such efforts should be continued in both the civilian and military divisions of that Department. Such enhancement, which is a universally recognized imperative, is essential in order to respond to the continual increase in peace-keeping operations, which require constant political and military follow-up.", "4. Similarly, the French Government gives its unreserved approval to the dispatch by the Secretary-General of fact-finding missions to areas where the international Organization is, or may be, called upon to intervene. As underscored by the Secretary-General in his report of 15 June 1993, the mass of information collected by those missions, or communicated by Member States, should be dealt with efficiently. For that reason, it also appears indispensable to continue to strengthen the resources of the Secretariat, in particular the Military Adviser's Office and the situation room of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations.", "Improved military planning", "5. The function of military planning is today as crucial as political follow‑up on the various conflicts in existence. The United Nations is being induced to deploy peace-keeping missions in which countries with diverse military traditions participate. It must therefore have more effective monitoring - and eventually planning - structures in order to anticipate crisis situations, to react rapidly and to facilitate initial planning of operations in accordance with the very specific constraints of the United Nations.", "6. Efforts should be exerted along three specific lines:", "(a) Even before the Member States make their contributions known, an initial operational concept should be drawn up on the basis of an enhanced military audit and, eventually, of a planning outline, in collaboration with the competent special representative of the Secretary-General. This should make it possible to improve the quality and reliability of the implementation plan for the military aspect of the mandate, which is usually described in the report of the Secretary-General setting the scope of action for each mission. That is why there should be a gradual establishment of a new structure attached to the Secretariat and made up of officers with sound planning experience. That structure should be of a size that is compatible with the flexibility expected of it;", "(b) As soon as the principle of a deployment is established, the structure should be strengthened as soon as possible by representatives of the contributing States who are entrusted with the preparation of operational planning as such, in liaison with the military staff to be deployed on the ground;", "(c) Furthermore, global planning cells already exist in a number of multilateral, political and military organizations, in particular in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Western European Union. Contacts and exchanges of views between the United Nations and those organizations, whose experience and skills are widely recognized, are necessary and should be developed, in particular for the operation zones covered by those organizations, and in the event that they should be called upon to intervene directly at the request of the United Nations. Such exchanges should allow the emergence of complementarity, which may prove indispensable if and when the experts and troops of those organizations find themselves working side by side with the United Nations on the ground.", "Greater efforts in the direction of contributing countries", "7. The major troop-contributing countries have regularly expressed their desire to be informed, in the course of a mission, of the general directions and operational decisions taken. The French Government understands those requests and feels that it would be useful for an informal follow-up committee, comprising diplomatic and military representatives of the countries participating in the mission in question, to be very regularly informed and, where necessary, consulted by the Department of Peace-keeping Operations regarding the decisions taken or under consideration. In short, if it is necessary to enhance the Secretariat's capacity for analysis, planning and follow-up, it is logical that the contributing countries should also be collectively better informed of the progress of the mission.", "Better logistics", "8. The United Nations is increasingly being called upon by the international community to intervene very rapidly in situations of crisis or humanitarian emergency. This increased responsibility means that the reaction time of the Organization should be correspondingly swifter. Such a requirement presupposes that the Organization should at all times have at its disposal the necessary equipment for the speedy organization of a mission. That is why it appears necessary to strengthen the logistic potential of the United Nations.", "9. The stocking of arms and ammunition requires costly maintenance and the availability of qualified personnel who are familiar with the equipment they are handling. For such reasons in particular, it is preferable that, in general, military equipment should remain under the exclusive responsibility of the Member States.", "10. However, recent experience shows that certain needs are constant from one mission to another. Peace-keeping involves the use of certain very specific types of equipment with which the contingents called upon to serve as \"blue helmets\" are not systematically supplied and which are liable to be used in extremely diverse theatres of operations. That is true of both non-military equipment (prefabricated buildings, radios, telephones, vehicles, ...) and of certain military equipment (military communications, advance armoured vehicles, drones ...). The Secretariat must be in a position to provide civilian and military personnel, as soon as they are deployed, with this type of equipment, which is indispensable for the execution of their mandate. Plans should therefore be made for the Secretariat to acquire a small central stock of equipment specifically dedicated to peace-keeping.", "II. ENHANCED ON-THE-GROUND OPERATION OF PEACE-KEEPING MISSIONS", "Military contribution of Member States", "11. In the light of the increasing need for United Nations interventions, a thoroughgoing reform of the \"blue helmets\" mobilization system is necessary. Since it is clear that the Organization cannot today afford to maintain a standing force, it is indispensable for the Member States to establish forces which can be mobilized rapidly. These should be made up of already earmarked units forming a set of military modules to be trained with peace-keeping tasks in mind and supplied with equipment which is compatible among the various units. These units (military modules) would be placed at the disposal of the United Nations and could be mobilized at any time.", "12. In view of the increasing number of peace-keeping operations, the current limits to the capacity of the major contributing countries have been reached. States are now compelled, more than in the past, to become involved primarily in accordance with their own national interests. By the same token, it also happens that contributing countries show a lack of enthusiasm for intervention within the sole framework of what is today conventionally known as the \"moral obligation\" of the members of the international community.", "13. The mechanism of military modules should make it possible, to a large extent, to correct the current tendencies, to get back to the Organization's principle of neutrality and, through prior consultations, to help the Secretary‑General to assess the true capacity of the Organization for intervention. It should also make it possible to involve a greater number of Member States in peace-keeping missions. It is to be hoped that each Member State should feel itself concerned by this approach and should identify, in accordance with its own capacity, what types of units it might be able to place at the disposal of the Organization. Eventually, each Member State should participate in this process.", "Enhanced operational intermeshing", "14. The logistical organization of such modules means that all the contingents called upon to be operational at very short notice should have a common base of know-how and methods. It therefore appears necessary to introduce training for all of the units concerned. Such training, which would be supplementary to the military training of each army, should be given initially in the national military schools. However, the United Nations should coordinate, first at the level of high-ranking officers, and going progressively down the hierarchy, specific training courses which would allow concepts and methods to be exchanged. Such courses should be organized in turn by the major contributing countries under United Nations control. Furthermore, joint (staff) exercises should be progressively organized by the United Nations in order to test under realistic conditions the operational intermeshing of the contingents and to suggest concrete ways of enhancing it.", "Enhancement of tools of political analysis and follow-up of missions", "15. The mandates of the missions deployed recently contain increasingly broad political aspects. The missions are now regularly being asked to monitor the administrations in place, to train new police forces, to forge the various previously rival factions into new armies, to ensure the fairness of electoral campaigns, etc. Such tasks are wholly in response to the concern voiced by all to have peace-keeping missions also deal with the political origin of the conflicts in order to allow sustainable peacemaking.", "16. This new responsibility means that the mission entrusted with such peacemaking should constantly be alert to the changing political positions of all the parties to the conflict. It is all the more important to be well acquainted with the local political situation, as the peace-keeping missions - usually involving tens of thousands of men - are likely to stir up a feeling of resentment among segments of the population, sometimes manipulated by a minority opposed to the mission. Any mission must be able to anticipate the problems it is likely to encounter and to explain to the populations concerned the rationale behind its decisions.", "17. This is why it would be desirable for each mission always to have a policy‑analysis unit under the direct authority of the office of the special representative. The role of this unit, composed of international specialists and experts from the region, would be to closely monitor and analyse developments in the political climate and in the opinions of local parties in order to inform the special representative of the trends of opinion among the rulers and the population. The political analyses carried out by this unit should also be transmitted to the Secretariat for its information.", "III. GREATER POLICY CONTROL", "18. France is firmly in favour of enhanced policy control over peace-keeping operations.", "19. There should be closer monitoring of the various phases of such operations.", "20. Operations must be prepared along the lines of the policy guidelines proposed by the Secretary-General in \"An Agenda for Peace\".", "21. Apart from fully addressing the general desire for the development of preventive diplomacy, the dispatch of fact-finding missions involving representatives of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations would help to pave the way for the deployment of troops, identify needs, gather information and prepare cost estimates for the operations. The reports of these missions should be transmitted to Member States as soon as possible to enable them to make early arrangements for their possible participation in such missions.", "22. The practice whereby a special representative of the Secretary-General is appointed for each mission should be institutionalized. The Special Representative should be appointed after consultations with the parties to the conflict and the Security Council. His role is to coordinate the activities of the various components of the operation (civilian, military, humanitarian ...), monitor the policy - and not the operational - aspects of military issues, and to report regularly on his mission to the Secretary‑General and the Security Council.", "23. The establishment of the operation must depend on the definition of a clear mandate by the Security Council. In this regard, France would like the resolutions authorizing the establishment of peace-keeping forces to be as specific as possible on two points:", "(a) The final political objectives of the force must be spelled out in the mandate. In order to be realistic, such objectives could be limited and need not necessarily aim at a complete settlement of the crisis;", "(b) The mandate should also include specific intermediate objectives. The Secretary-General should be able to propose an evaluation timetable in the report he submits to the Security Council when each operation is established. Such intermediate objectives could include: the partial or total disarmament of the belligerents, the establishment and observance of a cease‑fire, and the dispatch of good-offices missions to the areas in conflict.", "24. The management and monitoring of the operation could be improved:", "(a) By developing the still too-limited resources of the situation room of the Field Operations Division. This room should be accessible not only to members of the Division but also to the military representatives of the troop-contributing States and even members of the Military Staff Committee established by virtue of Article 47 of the Charter;", "(b) By having the special representative of the Secretary-General report regularly (once a month) on his mission as a whole, the progress of operations, problems encountered in the implementation of his mandate and observance of the timetable. The work of the policy-analysis unit of the mission should be reported to the Security Council, which should also be provided with any other pieces of information (internal audits) that it might find useful;", "(c) By institutionalizing the dispatch of inspection missions composed of experts with a mandate to report back to the Security Council so as to enable it to assess the situation, verify that the resources of the force are commensurate with its mandate and also verify compliance with and a uniform interpretation of the rules of engagement.", "25. The involvement of regional arrangements and organizations in peace-keeping operations should be encouraged under certain conditions:", "(a) The special representative of the Secretary-General must be in charge of the operation. The representatives of regional arrangements and organizations must be under his command;", "(b) The policy of appointing a joint representative of the United Nations and of a regional organization may also be encouraged;", "(c) When the States members of these regional arrangements and organizations participate in an operation, their representatives should also be granted access to the situation room of the Secretariat.", "IV. BETTER FINANCIAL SUPERVISION", "Firmly established principles", "26. The question of financing peace-keeping operations should be monitored closely and the French Government:", "(a) Wishes to reiterate its commitment to the current system of establishing a specific budget for each operation, which ensures financial transparency of the operations and allows individual monitoring by Member States;", "(b) Still favours the financing of operations through assessed contributions as the only way of ensuring the independence of such operations and providing them with sustained resources. Voluntary contributions should be accepted only from beneficiary States and only when such States have the financial capacity to make such contributions;", "(c) Would like detailed cost estimates to be prepared before every mission and a financial report to be sent to Member States before any decision is taken by the Security Council;", "(d) Will support any proposal aimed at conducting audits of ongoing operations or, generally speaking, at ensuring a more regular supervision of expenditures and provision of more comprehensive information to the oversight bodies (the Security Council and the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions).", "An informal consultation group", "27. The difficult, complex and long missions that the United Nations has recently put into place throughout the world have highlighted some of the problems facing troop-contributing countries. Countries with special responsibilities due to the extent of their involvement in peace-keeping missions should hold close informal consultations among themselves in order to address those crucial problems. We believe that such an informal consultation group should give priority attention to two topics which are unanimously recognized as important and are dictated by current events:", "(a) The approaches to the financing of peace-keeping missions outlined in the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex), which should be developed further with a view to their prompt implementation;", "(b) The safety of personnel engaged under the United Nations banner and the types of sanctions that could be taken against those responsible for attacks against such personnel.", "28. This consultation group, which must remain informal and flexible, could transmit the outcome of its discussions to the Secretariat, the Security Council and the General Assembly.", "NAMIBIA", "[Original: English]", "[3 August 1993]", "1. The policy of the Government of the Republic of Namibia with regard to international peace-keeping has, naturally, been influenced by the recent history of the country. The successful United Nations Transitional Assistance Group (UNTAG) operation in 1989-1990, which assisted in ushering in the independence of Namibia, was witnessed and enthusiastically supported by the entire Namibian population, as they saw peace and security being restored. UNTAG became synonymous with freedom.", "2. The Government of the Republic of Namibia has made peace and stability the main platform of its domestic, as well as foreign policies, and by its policy of national reconciliation, peace and stability have grown and found deep roots in Namibia, particularly as nurtured by the Constitution of the Republic of Namibia.", "3. The policy of international peace-keeping is thus one of the pillars of the foreign policy of the Government of Namibia. Given the manpower and resources constraint, Namibia will, to the extent of its capabilities, play its role in peace-keeping and peace-building.", "4. From this perspective, the Government of the Republic of Namibia would support measures that would help to create regional confidence and trust and dispel any suspicion and mistrust. The Regional Meeting on Confidence and Security-Building Measures in Southern Africa, held at Windhoek from 24 to 26 February 1993, provided a useful opportunity for regional leaders and policy makers in matters of national security to discuss issues common to the region; and, more importantly, to dispel any mistrust and misconception about one another. The Government would encourage and support similar meetings in the future, or follow-up on the achievement of the Windhoek meeting.", "5. In the light of this policy, the Government of the Republic of Namibia has spared no efforts to find a solution to the crisis in neighbouring Angola. At the regional level, as well as the international, Ministers of the Government have incessantly sought to find ways and means to resolve the crisis. The Government of the Republic of Namibia thus actively pursues a policy of preventive diplomacy and peaceful settlement of disputes consistent with the Constitution.", "6. In the current peace-keeping operation in Cambodia, under the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), Namibia has a contingent of reinforced vehicles - Wolf - participating in that operation. Following the experience of this specialized contingent of reinforced vehicles, Namibia will, in the future, consider seriously, if requested, participation in peace-keeping operations with a similar contingent, tempered only by financial constraints.", "7. Namibia would like to emphasize the significance for countries that cannot afford the specialized training required to be given the necessary assistance to bring their forces to the level required for effective participation in international peace-keeping operations. This is particularly pertinent to a young and developing country like Namibia. The reinforced vehicles - Wolf - need maintenance. In the operation in Cambodia, the request by the United Nations was made at the last minute. As a result, only those vehicles which were in operational capacity could be dispatched, perhaps with some deficiencies that could have been rectified.", "8. The Government of the Republic of Namibia considers that financing of peace-keeping operations is the collective responsibility of all Member States, in accordance with the provision of the Charter of the United Nations. The Government has always paid its assessed contributions in full and on time. However, it should be noted that, with increasing peace-keeping operations, financing of such peace-keeping operations will become a heavy burden to developing countries such as Namibia. The Government would thus wish to point out that moving Namibia up from Category D to C, as proposed in the report of the Secretary-General (A/47/484), will increase its peace-keeping operations by 100 per cent. The proposal, which is meant to reserve the last Category - D - for the least developed countries, would nevertheless result in imposing a heavy burden on developing countries such as Namibia.", "9. The recommendation in the Ogata-Volcker report (A/48/460, annex, p. 18) to create a revolving fund at the level of $400 million will improve the start-up cost of peace-keeping operations as compared to the current level of $150 million; this recommendation should be considered.", "QATAR", "[Original: Arabic]", "[2 August 1993]", "1. The Government of Qatar affirms the importance of peace-keeping and peace-enforcement machinery in accordance with the relevant articles of the Charter. It also agrees with the Secretary-General concerning the importance of preventive diplomacy to avert the outbreak of armed conflict that threatens international peace and security.", "2. The Government of Qatar also endorses the Secretary-General's proposals contained in paragraphs 34 to 44 of his report entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111), in particular the use of peace-enforcement units in clearly defined circumstances. Such forces should be more heavily armed than peace-keeping forces and available on a permanent basis for the purposes laid down in Article 42 of the Charter.", "3. The Government of Qatar believes that the proposals submitted by the Secretary-General in his above-mentioned report for the financing of peace-keeping and peace-enforcement operations are worthy of consideration and merit endorsement.", "RUSSIAN FEDERATION", "[Original: Russian]", "[14 September 1993]", "1. The profound changes that have taken place in the world over the last few years have also changed the nature of the challenges faced by international peace and security. The primary threat to humankind is now posed not by the possibility of the eruption of a nuclear conflict between the major Powers, but by regional crises of a national, ethnic or religious nature.", "2. The priorities of the international community in the area of security are also undergoing corresponding changes. The attention of most States is now focused on peace-keeping efforts, and a corresponding need has arisen to strengthen the peacemaking capacity of the United Nations.", "3. The Russian Federation is pleased to note that over the last few years the United Nations, despite all the difficulties in its path, has made considerable progress in adapting its peacemaking activities to the changing conditions. The relevant facts and trends are well known and there is no need to mention them here.", "4. At the same time, certain new problems have emerged. While increasingly pinning their hopes on the peacemaking efforts of the United Nations, States are often reluctant to support those hopes with any practical contribution and to commit the necessary material, technical and financial resources and manpower. At times they even appear impatient and critical, when peacemaking actions by the United Nations become stalled or fail to bring immediate and conspicuous results. Global security and the very future of the United Nations will depend in large measure on the extent to which the Organization is able to adapt in a smooth and efficient manner to the realities of the changed world.", "5. The report by the Secretary-General entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) has significantly advanced the concept of peacemaking. The detailed discussion of that document in the Security Council demonstrated the urgent need to implement the provisions it contained and to define the common priorities of the States Members of the United Nations.", "6. A substantive discussion, centred on \"An Agenda for Peace\", has also begun in the General Assembly, and its results are awaited with interest.", "7. In this context, the Russian Federation fully supports the recommendation of the Security Council that all States should consider participation in and support for international peace-keeping as part of their foreign and national security policy. This fundamental principle is reflected in the theoretical foreign policy documents and regulatory instruments of the Russian Federation currently being elaborated.", "8. The provisions contained in the statement made by the President of the Security Council on 28 May 1993 (S/25859) are intended to help clarify and develop the general political orientation and operational principles underlying the conduct of United Nations peace-keeping operations. A useful contribution to the determination of the basis on which peace-keeping operations are to be conducted has also been made by the document prepared by the special group of experts on peace-keeping cooperation established by the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. In our view, the provisions of that document could be taken into account in the preparation of a report by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "9. The effectiveness of the United Nations peace-keeping operations could be considerably enhanced by making more active and comprehensive use of the resources offered by preventive diplomacy. Among the new aspects of this activity, the Russian Federation welcomes the first preventive deployment of a United Nations contingent in Macedonia as an important step forward in the search for new approaches in the area of conflict prevention. The further development of the concept of \"safe zones\" could also be of value.", "10. The Russian Federation is prepared to assist in providing the Secretary‑General with essential information, including information of a confidential nature, to ensure effective preventive diplomacy and peace-keeping activities as a whole.", "11. The Russian Federation supports the idea that the Security Council should make full use of its powers under the Charter to steer conflicting parties in the direction of negotiated political settlement. It welcomes the vigorous and purposeful efforts made by the Secretary-General in recent months to exercise his prerogatives in the area of mediation and good offices, and believes that the close and regular consultations he has held at the same time with the Security Council are of exceptional importance for the elaboration of a common strategy.", "12. The Russian Federation sets high store by the elaboration, at the earliest possible opportunity, of specific arrangements for the implementation of the provisions of Article 50 of the Charter of the United Nations. In particular, it would be a good idea to consolidate the practice whereby the Security Council recommends to the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the other multilateral financial institutions that they take due account of the hardship caused to \"third countries\" by sanctions, when funds are being allocated to such countries through those organizations.", "13. The experience of recent United Nations peace-keeping operations, in particular in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia and Somalia, demonstrates the importance of a smoothly operating functional chain between the planning, preparation, logistic support and monitoring of the conduct of United Nations peace-keeping operations. This, in turn, presupposes a clearly defined interface between national contingents, the proper organization of the command system and the elaboration of precise rules governing the conduct of operations and criteria for the use of force. It goes without saying that peace-keeping operations with \"difficult mandates\" require a special approach, applicable also to the selection of United Nations peace-keeping contingents (taking due account of their experience and combat efficiency) and to the appropriateness of enforcement measures, and so on.", "14. It is vitally important that operations should be launched in the context of clearly defined political settlement objectives, and not merely as a response by the international community to situations where \"something should be done\".", "15. A component vital to the success of peace-keeping activities is a sound financial basis. The current crisis in this area is due, first and foremost, to a lack of political will on the part of States to support international stability through United Nations peace-keeping efforts, as evidenced, in particular, by the fact (cited in the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex)) that, on average, for every thousand dollars spent by States on defence, only one and a half dollars are contributed to United Nations peace-keeping efforts.", "16. Attention should be focused on devising arrangements for the more rigorous monitoring of the planning and rational utilization of human, material and technical resources in United Nations operations. In particular, the role of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions could be strengthened at all stages of the preparation and implementation of United Nations operating budgets.", "17. Attention should also be given to the question of financial support for the initial stage of an operation in the event of emergency deployment. The Russian Federation is prepared to support the proposal by the Secretary-General that arrangements should be worked out to accelerate the allocation of resources to a new operation, immediately it has been instituted by the Security Council.", "18. The Russian Federation still has doubts regarding the creation of a single budget for all operations, since this would leave unsolved the primary problem of the need to regulate expenditure and to enhance the effectiveness of operations, and would not improve the cash-flow situation.", "19. The Russian Federation believes that it is high time to consider diversifying the sources of financing for peace-keeping operations through the increased material responsibility of recipient States and other States directly interested in ending the conflict. It might be useful to secure resources from regional organizations, voluntary contributions, including voluntary contributions from non-governmental sources and, in specific cases, make use of contributions in kind.", "20. The time has come to take specific steps to review the scale of assessments to the budget of United Nations operations.", "21. The following ways of improving United Nations peacemaking mechanisms are particularly timely in the light of the Organization's present tasks:", "(a) The existing structures involved in the planning, preparation and management of United Nations operations must be strengthened and, perhaps, additional structures should be created. Under the Charter of the United Nations, the Military Staff Committee is responsible for the strategic direction of any armed forces placed at the disposal of the Security Council. The revitalization of the Committee merits serious study. If the Committee were able to focus on specific actions and include in its work representatives of the countries that are the principal suppliers of contingents (for example, in accordance with Article 47 of the Charter), it would then be able, under the direction of the Security Council, to assume general command of operations, develop specific proposals on cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in a given field, and so forth. The division of tasks among Secretariat units must be more clearly defined. The Russian Federation considers that it is important to strengthen the central position of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations and include, within its core staff, qualified specialists with a broad range of functions, who could be involved in a variety of ways in the urgent launching of operations;", "(b) Serious consideration should be given to the command and monitoring of field operations. Effective leadership by the commander of United Nations forces, close coordination of the activities of contingents from various countries and their adherence to the mandate given to the Security Council are of key importance. To this end, it is important to have well-defined interrelations and cooperation within the command of the operations (including their military and civilian components) and a single operational centre that functions efficiently 24 hours a day;", "(c) The Russian Federation welcomed the ideas underlying the concept of United Nations \"reserve forces\" proposed by the Secretary-General. The Supreme Council is currently considering draft legislation on the participation of the Russian Federation in United Nations peace-keeping operations. When it is adopted the Russian Federation intends to hold negotiations with a view to concluding an agreement with the United Nations on the provision of Russian military, civilian and auxiliary personnel, who are in a state of readiness, and material and technical resources and services for already established or planned peace-keeping operations. The Russian Federation has already informed the United Nations about a part of its existing resources (two army medical divisions);", "(d) It is crucially important to ensure that operations are launched as quickly as possible, when fragile agreements in \"hot spots\" can and should be strengthened by a United Nations presence, which should begin with the sending of observers. The time between the Security Council's adoption of a decision and the actual start of operations should be shortened considerably;", "(e) In taking a decision on the start-up of an operation, in particular a large-scale operation, the Security Council should consider not only political expediency, the cost of the United Nations action and the degree of potential hazards of personnel but also the problem of \"withdrawing\" from the operation. There should be no \"limitless involvement\". However, this principle should not be adhered to slavishly. In exceptional cases, in the absence of a viable political settlement, the States Members of the United Nations should agree to extend the operation, since \"a bad peace is better than a good quarrel\". The practice of including in Security Council decisions provisions that make the presence of United Nations personnel in conflict areas contingent on progress towards a political settlement should be more widely applied;", "(f) Extremely pressing is the need to improve procedures for recruiting and training personnel, including civilian personnel. In particular, the criteria for recruiting civilian personnel should be more precise and recommendations on the training of such staff to carry out United Nations operations should be standardized. It would be useful to establish national \"reserve contingents\" of volunteer civilian specialists. The Russian Federation considers it advisable for the United Nations Secretariat to compile and send to potential donor countries an illustrative list of specialities and requirements to be met by candidates.", "22. Lately, the question of safety of personnel has become particularly acute. In this regard, the Russian Federation is in favour of the most resolute measures, including measures to bring to justice persons and organizations guilty of attacks on and other acts of violence against the \"blue berets\". The mandatory conclusion of agreements with recipient countries on the status of United Nations forces is a partial solution to the problem but does not provide an adequate answer to all questions. At the same time, vigorous measures to defend United Nations contingents should not develop into military operations of a punitive nature or lead to the involvement of the United Nations in internal conflicts.", "23. The right of the United Nations to bring to justice persons who resort to force against United Nations personnel must be made legally binding. A precedent for this might arise when the International Court of Justice begins its proceedings on the former Yugoslavia.", "24. Post‑conflict peace-building is becoming an inalienable part of peace‑keeping, without which countries emerging from the \"active\" stage of a conflict cannot be rebuilt. The Russian Federation would be particularly interested in a study of the experience and capabilities of the United Nations and other international organizations in this area with respect to peace‑building in the territory of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "25. The Russian Federation considers useful the proposals to decentralize responsibility for peace-keeping and peacemaking and supports the idea of enhancing the role of regional organizations in this area in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations. Progress in this direction should be gradual, and an indispensable condition should be that the Security Council bears the principal responsibility for maintaining international peace and security.", "26. The Russian Federation welcomes the conclusion between the United Nations and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) of a framework agreement on cooperation and coordination and takes note of the efforts of CSCE, the European Community, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Western European Union to settle the conflict in the territory of the former Yugoslavia on the basis of Security Council decisions and under the Council's political guidance.", "27. The question of peacemaking in the territory of the former USSR is extremely important to us. The collective peacemaking mechanisms of the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as individual regional agreements on the settlement of conflicts in particular regions of the former USSR, are currently being more actively applied in practice and the cooperation between such mechanisms and the United Nations and CSCE is increasing. As a member of those mechanisms and agreements, the Russian Federation appreciates the practical contribution of the United Nations to the settlement of these conflicts, and is prepared to cooperate further with it.", "SWEDEN", "[Original: English]", "[20 August 1993]", "Ongoing efforts", "1. The Nordic countries welcome and support the ongoing efforts to restructure the Department of Peace-keeping Operations aimed at strengthening the capacity of the United Nations in the field of peace-keeping.", "2. They especially welcome the integration of relevant parts of the Field Operations Division into the Department of Peace-keeping Operations as a step they believe will strengthen and make more effective the planning, management and administration support to the operations.", "3. They look forward to the result of the work of the stand-by planning team aimed at improving and speeding up the process by which the Organization obtains personnel or formed units and equipment from Member States for new peace-keeping operations or the expansion of existing ones.", "4. They are prepared to cooperate with the Secretariat, to the extent that resources so permit, and to find additional personnel for specific tasks in the peace-keeping field that may be provided to the United Nations on a temporary basis.", "5. The Nordic countries welcome the creation of a situation room for the operations in Somalia and the former Yugoslavia, and commend the intention of the Secretary-General to take steps towards the establishment of an integrated situation room, covering peace-keeping operations world wide. A significant strengthening of the capabilities of the United Nations Secretariat for the operational management, command and control of ongoing operations is now needed.", "6. They furthermore consider the creation of a military planning cell within the Department of Peace-keeping Operations an essential and timely measure for enhancing the capacity of the Secretariat.", "7. In addition to the measures that are already under way, the Nordic countries would however suggest that the following proposals be considered with a view to taking action on them within a near future.", "__________", " On behalf of the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.", "Organization and effectiveness", "8. The arrangements for training of peace-keeping personnel - military, civilian and police - should be reviewed and improved, using the appropriate capabilities of Member States, regional organizations and arrangements, non‑governmental organizations and the Secretariat. In particular, consideration should be given to the establishment of a training programme for key personnel of peace-keeping operations with a view to creating a pool of trained personnel with knowledge of the United Nations system and its working procedures. The Nordic countries are prepared to explore ways and means to strengthen their cooperation with the United Nations and its Member States in this field.", "9. Core staff of a peace-keeping operation should be included in the planning process at an early stage. One guiding principle for this process should be that, to the extent possible, the persons who are to implement a peace-keeping operation should also be involved in its planning. This will require increased efforts by the Secretariat to identify, in cooperation with Member States, at an early stage potential key personnel, such as force commanders and chief administrative officers, for future peace-keeping operations.", "10. Descriptions of the areas of responsibility for the different experts and advisers, as well as the regular desk officers, within the Department of Peace-keeping Operations should, as appropriate, be provided to Member States, thus facilitating communications and cooperation between all parties involved.", "Financing", "11. The serious financial situation of United Nations peace-keeping operations is of major concern to the Nordic countries. Action must be taken, bearing in mind the useful proposals in the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex) to ensure adequate financing of the peace-keeping operations, based on the principle of collective responsibility and the payment of assessed contributions in full and on time. In this connection, the Nordic countries stress the importance of reimbursing all the outstanding dues of troop-contributing countries without delay.", "12. While welcoming the establishment of the Peace-keeping Reserve Fund, the Nordic countries underline the need for further discussions on how to achieve adequate financing of the initial phase of peace-keeping operations.", "13. The Nordic countries suggest that steps be taken to enable the delegation of increased financial and administrative authority to the force commander or the special representative for a multi-component mission, as a way of enhancing the performance of the mission and achieving greater cost-efficiency. For this purpose, the existing United Nations Financial Regulations and Rules, as well as the administrative procedures for peace-keeping operations, need to be reviewed in order to increase the capacity of missions to adjust flexibly to new situations and specific requirements. Such measures must however be matched by efforts to provide adequate training to administrative personnel in the field, as well as strengthened internal control procedures.", "Agreements and guidelines", "14. The conclusion of status-of-forces agreements is essential for the creation of a well-defined working relationship between the United Nations and the host country for a peace-keeping operation. Increased efforts by the Secretariat to finalize such agreements, preferably before the deployment of a peace-keeping force, are therefore required.", "15. The Nordic countries would also like to underline the crucial importance of the model agreement between the United Nations and Member States contributing personnel and equipment to peace-keeping operations, especially as these operations become increasingly complex. The Secretariat is urged to conclude such agreements with contributing Member States.", "THAILAND", "[Original: English]", "[21 July 1993]", "I. ON GENERAL PRINCIPLES", "1. The Royal Thai Government concurs with the Secretary-General's observation that \"the foundation-stone of the work of the United Nations is and must remain the State\". Respect for sovereignty and integrity of States is therefore vital in any common international and United Nations undertaking.", "2. The Royal Thai Government is following with great interest the development in peace-enforcement activities by the United Nations. Since peace-enforcement activities entail substantial new risks, the Royal Thai Government feels that the advantages and disadvantages of each United Nations peace-enforcement activity must be thoroughly considered. In some situations, such activities may be counterproductive, especially when consent has not been obtained from all the parties involved in the conflict.", "3. The Secretary-General's suggestion that United Nations peace-keepers be sent to \"zones of instability and potential crisis\" to prevent any outbreak of hostilities also requires further careful consideration. The Royal Thai Government feels that greater clarity regarding the scope and the circumstances under which it might take place is needed.", "II. ON THE CAPACITY OF THE SECRETARIAT", "4. The Royal Thai Government welcomes the recent expansion of the Office of the Military Adviser. It also fully supports the suggestion that Field Operations Division be integrated within the Department of Peace-keeping Operations.", "III. ON PLANNING", "5. It is well recognized that planning procedures need to be improved. The Royal Thai Government feels that force commanders should be appointed early and be directly engaged in preliminary planning so that early advice concerning force composition and requirements can be given to ensure effective preparation by troop-contributing countries. Moreover, procurement and logistics procedures must also be improved.", "IV. ON COMMAND AND CONTROL", "6. The rapid expansion of peace-keeping activities has created an urgent need for a fully functional situation room/operations centre at United Nations Headquarters. The Royal Thai Government shares the view that, as a minimum requirement, such a centre must serve as a single focal point for communications and information about peace-keeping operations. In the long-run, it may serve to integrate the operational, logistics, planning and intelligence requirements of such operations.", "V. ON TRAINING", "7. The Royal Thai Government believes that much of the success of all peace-keeping activities depends on well-trained personnel. It is self-evident that training should be based on agreed standards and concepts of operations. The effort to prepare a comprehensive United Nations manual on logistics policies and procedures is most welcome. Moreover, the feasibility of setting up regional training centres should be seriously studied. This is because regional cooperation in sharing experiences could enhance Member States' capability and preparedness to contribute to peace-keeping operations.", "VI. ON FINANCE", "8. The Royal Thai Government has long been seriously concerned about the precarious situation regarding the financing of peace-keeping operations. It is our firm belief that the United Nations peace-keeping efforts are too vital to the maintenance of world peace to remain hostage to financial and budgetary restrictions. The key to solving this intractable problem, in its view, still lies in Member States paying their assessed contribution in full and on time. However, other bold and innovative approaches suggested by the Secretary-General in \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) should be seriously pursued.", "VII. ON SAFETY OF PERSONNEL", "9. As a troop-contributing country, Thailand is gravely concerned with the growing number of fatalities among peace-keeping and other personnel. The Royal Thai Government hopes that measures recommended by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/72 of 14 December 1992 will be implemented in a timely manner.", "UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND", "[Original: English]", "[20 July 1993]", "1. In response to the Security Council statement of 28 May 1993 (S/25859) on the follow-up to the \"Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111), the United Nations Secretary-General requested Member States to identify to him those areas of United Nations peace-keeping operations which required strengthening, and their ideas for positive steps that could be taken.", "General", "2. The Security Council and the United Nations Secretariat need to analyse the situation on the ground carefully before agreeing to establish a United Nations peace-keeping operation. Such operations need clear and achievable objectives linked to an ongoing political process that can provide a solution, and a precise mandate as well as the consent of the parties and confidence that the necessary resources will be made available. The United Nations and Security Council must also be clear-sighted on the possible wish of regional organizations/Member States to pass on to the United Nations operations where their own actions have not brought a solution and consider whether the United Nations should be involved. There is also a need for the United Nations to look at existing mandates critically to see what impetus can be given to bring them towards an end.", "3. The British Government welcomes the considerable efforts already made by the Secretary-General to strengthen and enhance the United Nations capability to plan and conduct peace-keeping operations. Useful initiatives have been taken, in particular the strengthening of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations, the establishment of a 24-hour situation room and the initiative of the stand-by force planning project. The United Kingdom welcomes proposals to integrate the Field Operations Division with the Department of Peace-keeping Operations.", "Command, control and planning", "4. Command and control relationships need to be more clearly defined. Unity of command at the highest levels is essential. Such unity of command is unlikely to be achieved until all aspects of a peace-keeping operations are handled by a single department at United Nations Headquarters.", "5. The actual command function (that is, the authority to assign force elements to tasks and to reassign them as necessary) should remain the responsibility of the force commander. The United Nations Headquarters should be responsible for providing direction to commanders and acting as the essential political/military interface. It should focus on strategic rather than detailed operational planning and needs improved capability in this area.", "6. The ability to react flexibility to dynamic situations required to meet the demands of peace-keeping is a product of three main factors: capacity, expertise and experience. Economy of effort is also required, not only to reduce costs but to ensure that a surge capability exists and to make sure that scarce resources are husbanded wisely. The United Kingdom believes that these four principles could best be applied to the Secretariat through the establishment of an expanded planning and operations staff - a general staff for peace-keeping. These men and women, both civilian and military, some of whom might be seconded from nations, would work to an agreed professional doctrine and would be able to provide the necessary core of the United Nations strategic planning chain principally at United Nations Headquarters in New York but also in the field. They would augment the existing embryonic planning and operations cell and provide the capacity, expertise and experience it will require if it is to be effective. Such staff should work to agreed standards with clear performance goals. Further elaboration of the tasks of the planning and operations staff is contained in the annex.", "7. The planning and operations staff would provide the United Nations with the \"nervous system\" for which its present staff is neither structured nor resourced. They would not have a command function but would hold responsibility for the initial development of an operational plan until such time as the force commander and his staff were appointed. It is important that a force commander should be associated with planning from the outset. Members of the planning and operations staff might also deploy to operations as principal staff officers to United Nations commanders. However, a balance would need to be struck between the needs in the field and the needs at headquarters in New York. Great care would have to be taken not to dilute the central core of expertise to the extent that it became ineffective. In preparing an operational plan, due regard must be paid to potential costs to ensure that expenditure does not exceed what is essential to carry out tasks effectively.", "8. There is also a need to examine the best means of drawing in staff used to working together to form the nucleus of a headquarters when deploying a new mission. States might be asked to nominate officers who could be called on by the United Nations to replace particular members of the peace-keeping staff at Headquarters who could in turn be deployed to a new mission. It is suggested that the professional nucleus of a field headquarters should be found principally from individual States involved, or lead nations. Sometimes a regional organization might provide the nucleus. Ideally personnel in staff positions should have received training in United Nations Headquarters procedures and be used to working in a multinational environment. The combination of trained personnel together with the continuity and expertise brought by deploying members of the planning and operations staff would help overcome the inherent disadvantages encountered when multinational headquarters are assembled in a mission area.", "Communications and information", "9. The United Nations needs to provide force commanders with considered political analysis based on accurate and up-to-date information about the situation on the ground. Such information is best performed by experts, often using specialized equipment. It would be prohibitively expensive for the United Nations to develop a viable in-house military information capability. The United Nations should therefore seek to make greater use of such capabilities that nations or multinational organizations already possess. Force commanders also need to be able to develop the capacity to analyse military information.", "10. The United Nations needs to develop a system-wide communication system, so that strategic communications offer value for money and efficiency. A communications working party might examine how best to ensure that all United Nations parties (including agencies) engaged in operations are able to communicate effectively with each other. The key is to ensure common standards and compatibility.", "11. The United Nations may wish to examine the need for coordinating mapping requirements and availability for operations and the appointment of a specialist mapping adviser as a member of the military staff.", "Demining", "12. The United Kingdom welcomes the appointment to the Secretariat of a mine clearance adviser. Coordination of all interested agencies is crucial.", "Doctrine and standard operating procedures for peace-keeping", "13. The fact that the United Nations draws its peace-keeping forces from many Member States is one of its greatest strengths since it means that United Nations peace-keeping missions are seen as an expression of concern by the international community as a whole and not as a means of promoting narrower national or regional interests. However, this political strength can be a source of military difficulties as forces from a variety of nations with different levels of expertise, operating to different standard operating procedures attempt to work together often for the first time.", "14. The United Kingdom's experience as a member of a multinational alliance leads it to the firm view that the publication of United Nations tactical doctrine from which standard operating procedures could be elaborated would help to smooth the integration of a United Nations force. The United Nations might wish to draw on relevant existing standard operating procedures, for example, those developed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) for a multinational environment.", "15. Once developed, doctrine and standard operating procedures adapted to take account of current operations should be disseminated more widely among membership. Troop-contributing nations should fully understand these procedures and be competent in implementing them before deployment.", "Training", "16. Training should remain a national responsibility but structured to meet individual and unit standards set by the United Nations. The potential for staff colleges around the world to draw on a common body of knowledge in training their key officers should be considered. Experienced States should be willing to send personnel to participate in work of other staff colleges, and help them develop their own training programmes.", "17. The United Nations might also examine the concept of experienced peace‑keeping nations deploying small short-term training teams to train units from less experienced nations. Such training could be organized on a regional basis and would be particularly valuable for contingents due to deploy to the same mission area.", "18. There may be scope for a more limited United Nations training venture to allow for the training of personnel pre-designated to fill key appointments in field headquarters. Much of the training could be undertaken using distance learning techniques, possibly making use of national or regional staff colleges.", "Political/military interface - cooperation with other agencies", "19. It is important to develop understanding between the military and civilians, both within peace-keeping operations and with humanitarian and other involved agencies.", "United Nations military observers/civilian observers", "20. The United Nations faces a shortage of United Nations military observers. It could consider the potential for establishing also a core of United Nations civilian observers, who could be drawn from both those with diplomatic experience and ex-military who wish to serve the United Nations, who would act along the same lines as United Nations military observers and who could provide an additional analytical capacity to reinforce work of United Nations civilian advisers. The aim might be to deploy mixed teams, United Nations military observers and United Nations civilian observers, whose combined roles might contribute to local liaison and peacemaking, who work to the same doctrine in support of a force commander.", "Logistics", "21. The United Kingdom recognizes the need to enhance the United Nations logistic capability. A first step would be the creation of standard operating procedures for all areas of logistic support, including finance. The United Kingdom welcomes the Canadian-led United Nations exercise to draw up standard operating procedures, which has its full support. It is hoped that the results will prove implementable across the spectrum of peace-keeping operations.", "22. There will be a need to follow up the creation and implementation of logistics doctrine and standard operating procedures with training of troop-contributors. A member State with expertise to offer might take the lead in drawing up a training package.", "23. There is a possible case for drawing in civilian contractors by international tender where conditions on the ground permit and where this would be financially beneficial. There would be a clear need, however, to coordinate the overall logistic effort, including any civilianized elements.", "24. There is a clear need for coordination of movement of assets and both in‑theatre casualty evacuations and out-of-theatre medical evacuations.", "25. Given pressures on United Nations international staff in the interim before developing a general staff concept, the United Nations might draw in more personnel recruited at the local level, who can fill gaps on short-term local contracts. These can be specialists in logistics, administration, accountancy and so on.", "Public information", "26. The United Nations needs to adopt a more proactive approach to public information policy for peace-keeping operations. It should seek to draw in more professionals in handling the media, since every operation is subject to intense pressures. There is a need to train Headquarters and mission staff in management of media and in presenting the case for an operation and commenting on it as it progresses. The control of such information can no longer be done exclusively from New York. A more systematic flow of information between the United Nations and troop-contributing nations would be appreciated. The United Nations might seek to recruit specialists (or indeed ex-journalists) at local level to support missions.", "27. Mission, mandates and aims need to be made clear to a host nation in advance. There is therefore a clear need for a major public information input from the time of a technical reconnaissance mission, to consider how the mandate and operation itself can best be portrayed to the host country and the local parties.", "Administration and field finance", "28. The United Nations needs to develop a highly professional and trained corps of chief administrative officers to cope with the massive needs of the current operations, while in keeping with the principle of unity of command report through the head of mission to the Department of Peace-keeping Operations in New York. Individual States might help with training to develop the best practice, a common understanding and esprit de corps. Some training for future operations can sometimes be provided by current large missions in theatre.", "29. Procedures for recruitment of civilian staff, in particular short-term contract staff, should be streamlined. Contractors who regularly supply skilled labour to the United Nations should have briefing packages and be encouraged to develop their own training courses.", "30. The United Kingdom accepts the case for a greater degree of delegated financial authority to chief administrative officers in any operation, but this would need to be matched by a system of regular inspection to establish that resources are being properly used. Military audit procedures have clear relevance to peace-keeping operations.", "Equipment, costings and finance", "31. The United Kingdom accepts that there may be an operational advantage in creating limited revolving stockpiles, possibly derived from underspending in current operations, to ensure that immediate emergency needs for deployment can be met. It is also aware, however, that costs would be incurred in storage maintenance, rotation and wastage through obsolescence. The financial implications of the above would need to be fully examined before this issue could be considered further.", "32. The greater use of dormant contracts between the United Nations and commercial companies and nations for frequently used items should also be considered. Costs would need to be pre-negotiated and stocks subject to inspection.", "33. The United Nations should consider applying to all troop-contributing nations a standard leasing arrangement for advanced military equipment as opposed to using a depreciation formula.", "34. It might be worth exploring the possibilities for payment in kind by States who have appropriate and good condition military equipment up to a limited percentage of their assessed contributions, subject to inspection and verification and prior agreement on costings for individual items and a maintenance package.", "35. Before passage of a resolution, the United Nations needs to present as fully costed an estimate of potential costs as possible, preferably a minimum of 48 hours in advance so that all Member States can consider the financial implications before a vote is taken.", "36. The United Kingdom accepts in principle that from the moment of passage of a resolution, the United Nations Secretariat should send out assessment notices amounting to 20 per cent of estimated costs to meet immediate deployment needs. These would require potential costings to be available much sooner. It could also be helpful for these to be discussed in advance with, for example, the 15 major financial contributors. Pending responses, the Secretary-General should be entitled to draw on the peace-keeping reserve fund for starting costs.", "37. However, this is only a short-term solution. In the longer term, there is no substitute for Member States' paying their assessed contributions promptly and in full. Member States, particularly persistent debtors, should continue to be urged at every opportunity to improve their payment record.", "38. Enhancing the effectiveness of United Nations peace-keeping proposals, which of themselves would add to expenditure, should be financed by offsetting savings achieved through a reprioritization within the regular budget or a peace-keeping operations budget, whichever is appropriate.", "Stand-by forces", "39. The United Kingdom welcomes the initiation of the stand-by force planning project. For peace-keeping forces to be able to deploy rapidly and properly equipped for the task in hand, it is essential for the Secretary-General to have accurate information on forces Member States are prepared to make available. The verification process is important. An annual update and inspection of a percentage of units declared would seem appropriate. Alternatively, the United Nations could follow NATO practice in sending teams to interrogate States regularly (as with the NATO defence planning questionnaire). The United Kingdom welcomes the projected visit to NATO.", "40. The United Kingdom maintains full-time, professional armed forces who undertake a variety of commitments world wide. The nature of these commitments makes it impossible for the United Kingdom to earmark forces solely for United Nations service. It would not be possible to guarantee availability. Notwithstanding, the United Kingdom is prepared to consider further requests to commit forces to United Nations peace-keeping operations on a case-by-case basis taking account of resources already committed elsewhere.", "41. The United Kingdom will therefore cooperate fully with the stand-by force planning team, which is due to visit the United Kingdom in the near future, by explaining the range of relevant command and operational capabilities it maintains, though any request for deployment would need to be considered on a case-by-case basis.", "42. Nations contributing initial forces would wish to be certain that a commitment to deploy early was matched by a United Nations commitment to agree on a firm end date for their commitment. There may be merit in investigating further the concept of nations with well-trained, equipped and available forces providing the first wave of a peace-keeping force, thereby allowing other nations the time to train and equip their forces to the required standard.", "43. The team might also look at logistic support, including strategic lift, that Member States might be able to put at United Nations disposal.", "United Nations civilian police", "44. United Nations civilian police play a key role in United Nations operations, but police forces differ widely in their training and practice. The United Nations might consider a stand-by planning exercise also to examine the availability, type and training of civilian police to assess what type of police force is most appropriate for a mission.", "Role of regional organizations", "45. The United Kingdom supports a greater role for regional organizations in peacemaking and potentially in peace-keeping. They have an intimate knowledge of local conditions and can provide expert knowledge on background to the conflict.", "46. Consideration might therefore be given to enhancing and encouraging liaison with appropriate regional organizations.", "47. The United Kingdom also sees some scope for the use of regional organizations to help with training for peace-keeping and possibly to conduct multinational exercises.", "48. The United Kingdom supports the concept of a division of labour with regional organizations taking a greater role in their own areas particularly as regards peacemaking, while recognizing at all times the primacy of the United Nations in situations relating to international peace and security.", "ANNEX", "Some of the functions the planning and operations", "staff might include", "(a) The preparation of advice for the Secretary-General on all aspects of United Nations peace support operations.", "(b) The development of broad contingency plans and the maintenance of the stand-by force database.", "(c) Making proposals on force requirements, command, control and communications, logistics, rules of engagement and training needs and standards.", "(d) Liaising with nations and regional and other organizations, particularly in the areas covered by (b) and (c) above.", "(e) Supporting special representative reconnaissance missions and developing military appreciations.", "(f) Overseeing the implementation of policy established by the Security Council for United Nations operations.", "(g) Provision of 24-hour support for current operations.", "(h) Preparation of post-operation reports for the Security Council.", "YUGOSLAVIA", "[Original: English]", "[26 August 1993]", "1. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia supports the initiative and efforts to define the criteria and foundations of international relations and the appropriate role of the United Nations in the new conditions established in the post-cold-war period, particularly so the insistence of the Secretary-General to seek solutions to all problems and conflicts by peaceful means.", "2. Considering that the central role and importance of the United Nations in all future processes of establishing, safeguarding and promoting world peace is widely recognized and accepted, it is quite understandable that the approach and basic orientations of the \"Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) enjoy broad support among United Nations Member States, including that of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia did make its own contribution to the activities related to the preparations of the \"Agenda\", even though that contribution was often limited in size and scope owing to United Nations sanctions, short of which it would have been much more extensive and in line with what Yugoslavia had been ready and able to offer.", "3. As one of the founding Member States of the United Nations, which participated in many peace missions under United Nations auspices throughout the history of the world Organization, Yugoslavia has been one of the staunchest adherents to the basic principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, such as peace, peaceful cooperation, confidence-building and the promotion of relations among States and respect for human rights aimed at furthering all-round prosperity.", "4. There is no doubt that the new quality of international relations in the post-cold-war period, characterized by the desire for cooperation rather than confrontation, calls for appropriate structural, as well as conceptual adjustments of the United Nations, which should being about greater efficiency and appropriate responses to the challenges of the time to come. At the same time, the Member States themselves, including the largest, the most powerful and the most developed amongst them, should also adapt their own policies and views. In doing so, they should always bear in mind that the basic principles of the Charter of the United Nations are the cornerstone on which all future United Nations activities should be based. For the United Nations has been entrusted with the most sacred of missions, the preservation of world peace and security, and it bears the primary responsibility for the discharge of this role in an effective, impartial and just way in accordance with international law. Consequently, the transformation of international institutions, primarily of the United Nations, in accordance with the new requirements, should be effected through multilateral forms of cooperation with equal participation by all its Member States. There is no doubt that the most appropriate forum for all these activities is the United Nations General Assembly.", "5. It would be politically naive to disregard the weight and power of the world's most powerful States and their influence on the formulation of the future system of international relations. Therefore, future activities related to the establishment of the system initiated by the \"Agenda\" must be carried out with a great deal of responsibility in the approach of all relevant factors, and of these countries in particular. If developments were to promote the interests of some countries or some groups of countries at the expense of the interests of others, the basic intentions proclaimed in the \"Agenda\" would be cancelled out.", "6. The decisions adopted or to be adopted by the Security Council on the crisis in former Yugoslavia are eloquent proof that the questions dealt with in the \"Agenda\" deserve urgent attention and that they should be addressed without bias and partiality, which, unfortunately, has not been the case with regard to Yugoslavia.", "7. At the outbreak of the Yugoslav crisis, the United Nations set up a peace protection force (UNPROFOR) with a specific task to protect the population until a durable political solution was reached. On the ground, UNPROFOR established effective cooperation with the European Community (EC) Monitor Mission. UNPROFOR's mandate was gradually expanded, both territory-wise (in addition to United Nations protected areas, it included former Bosnia-Herzegovina, Prevlaka and Macedonia) and assignment-wise, as a result of which the peace operations in the territory of the former Yugoslavia are now the largest, the most complex and the most expensive peace operation in the history of the United Nations. During its mission, resolutions were adopted authorizing the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter to ensure humanitarian aid deliveries and to impose safe havens in former Bosnia-Herzegovina. Close cooperation has been established between the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the implementation of the Security Council decisions on the no-fly zone in former Bosnia-Herzegovina.", "8. Without a proper prior assessment of the situation, the Security Council adopted the resolutions, establishing unjust and unfair sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. By their severity and comprehensiveness these sanctions are without precedent in the history of the United Nations and punish an entire people. Particularly absurd is resolution 820 (1993), sealing off the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from the outside world, which - adding insult to injury - was adopted because Bosnian Serbs, citizens of another United Nations recognized State, had refused to accept the Vance-Owen Plan for former Bosnia-Herzegovina. The adoption of this resolution at that time was an exercise in sanctimony since the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had supported the Vance‑Owen Plan as a framework of the quest for a durable and just peace, acceptable to all three warring parties in the civil war in former Bosnia-Herzegovina. The \"unbearable lightness\" of the international community in dealing with the crisis in the former Yugoslavia has been borne out by events: the Vance-Owen Plan has been all but abandoned, yet not only have the sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia not been lifted, but their strict implementation continues to be insisted upon. Such inconsistency, even arbitrariness, in upholding the principles and purposes of the Charter are far from being contributory to the strengthening of world peace and security, much less to the adoption and affirmation of the \"Agenda for Peace\".", "9. Against this backdrop, the experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in its cooperation with the United Nations in the context of the resolution of the crisis in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is of great value for the future work of the United Nations in the field of peace-keeping, its financing and personnel recruitment, but also as an example of dangerous precedents that have been made on behalf and under the authority of the world Organization.", "10. In this context, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia feels called upon to make some remarks on some inadmissible tendencies in international relations that were particularly manifest in the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis. Proceeding from Yugoslavia's lasting commitment to peace and the basic principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law, as well as from the experience gained in the resolution of the crisis in the former Yugoslavia, a number of views on the \"Agenda for Peace\" are presented below.", "11. The importance and role of the United Nations in establishing, safeguarding and promoting world peace and security are irreplaceable. The United Nations is and must continue to be the main effective and impartial centre of all activities aimed at establishing, safeguarding and protecting world peace and security.", "12. The Security Council is the main executive organ of the United Nations, primarily responsible for ensuring peace and international security. This role of the Security Council was very much in evidence during the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis. Unfortunately, some new and negative tendencies have also come to the fore.", "13. During the adoption of relevant decisions in the Security Council, particularly those concerning the war in former Bosnia-Herzegovina, there was a high level of agreement, especially among the permanent members of the Security Council, as a result of which decisions were, as a rule, adopted unanimously in contrast to the period of the cold war, a practice far from being negative by itself. This is, no doubt, an important new quality and a sign of the strengthened role of the Security Council. This tendency, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is convinced it shares the opinion of many other countries, is laudable only if the Security Council unanimity does not reflect the absolute supremacy and arbitrary role of some of its permanent members, to which other countries acquiesce tacitly or which they at least do not disapprove overtly, aware of their inability in the given constellation of forces to exercise decisive influence and thus modify or even prevent adoption of certain decisions.", "14. With all this in mind and without prejudice to the importance of the Security Council and the universality of interests and the need to establish durable and stable peace, the processes initiated within the \"Agenda\" should include all those concerned, all United Nations Member States, in mapping out future solutions. The most appropriate form of their involvement is through their activity in the General Assembly, while the role of this main United Nations body should be considerably strengthened.", "15. As a State that has contributed greatly to the formulation of the role of United Nations peace-keeping forces and other United Nations activities, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia does understand the importance of United Nations peace-keeping operations and its regular financing.", "16. The experience of all United Nations peace-keeping missions, and particularly that acquired in civil wars, such as in former Bosnia-Herzegovina and Somalia, has proved that one of the priority roles of these missions is to provide humanitarian assistance. The special problem is to ensure the protection of United Nations forces. Considering the complexity of these issues, an efficient solution of the problem that would ensure a smooth running of United Nations activities, particularly those in which use of force is involved, must be sought on the basis of strict observance of the principles of the Charter and the relevant provisions of international law, and a carefully thought-out and worked-out concept, taking account of all relevant elements and specificities of the State and the region in question. The United Nations should therefore be involved in a country exclusively with the consent of the country concerned. This all the more so since the United Nations mandate is being ever more frequently extended to include questions falling traditionally within the competence of States themselves, while solutions are being increasingly sought through arrangements that include the use of force either by the United Nations or by resorting to military assistance outside the United Nations system, to which the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has very strong objections.", "17. A future international order that would be based on precedents, depart from, or even flagrantly violate, the basic principles of the Charter and international law, resort to double standards, as has been the unfortunate practice in dealing with the Yugoslav crisis, particularly evident in the international recognition of the forcible secession of the administrative parts of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the refusal to recognize the legality of the international continuity of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, as well as in the establishment of the unjust, unfair and almost racist sanctions against an entire nation, would not only be dangerous and lead to chaos, but would, no doubt, become a source of lasting tension, conflicts and threats to peace and security. The Yugoslav example provides abundant evidence in this regard.", "18. This evidence is replete with ever more frequent and dangerous attempts to involve regional organizations outside the territories of their member States (EC, NATO, the Western European Union (WEU) and the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)) under the pretext of enlisting their cooperation with the United Nations in maintaining peace and security. This is done for the very obvious reason of accomplishing in this way special political, strategic and other goals and interests. Particularly unacceptable is the effort to use the United Nations as a smokescreen for achieving separate and essentially expansionist goals. It is the bounden duty of the United Nations to prevent these attempts. These issues must be given serious consideration also during their discussion within the preparation of the \"Agenda\", if we are to ensure the United Nations a new place and role in maintaining peace and security and promote progress and prosperity all over the world.", "19. The experience acquired from the Yugoslav crisis reveals a new tendency, which, if continued, could have very serious repercussions for the future development of international relations. In point of fact, the United Nations and its Security Council resort must more easily today to the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter. In doing so, they depart ever more frequently from the basic principles of the Charter and from the spirit and norms of international law or interpret them very broadly, sometimes even arbitrarily. The most striking example is the decision to establish an International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia. It is obvious that a small number of countries had a decisive influence on the adoption of such a decision, whereby they sought to realize some of their specific interests by abusing the authority of the United Nations.", "20. It is extremely dangerous if Security Council decisions are adopted hastily, if they are based on false accusations and are politically motivated, which, unfortunately, has often been the case in the process of dealing with the Yugoslav crisis.", "21. Such precedents pay lip service to the credibility and authority of the world Organization, they are not conducive to confidence-building and cannot serve as a model for solving future conflicts. The unjust, unfair and extremely tough sanctions imposed against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia are tell‑tale evidence of the unacceptable departure from the established principles of the Charter and the fundamental principles and norms of international law.", "22. A glaring example of duplicity and double standard has been the denial of the right of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to participate in the activities of the United Nations and of other international bodies and organizations. Such a method of punishing a State, a full-fledged Member of the United Nations, which has no legal grounds in the Charter or in international law, is far from being suitable for solving international problems and conflicts. It is particularly unsuitable for dealing with a civil war like the one being waged in the territory of the former Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina.", "23. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia attaches absolute priority in its international relations to political means in solving all conflicts and disputes and, in this context, it highly appreciates and welcomes the efforts of the Secretary-General to bring about a peaceful settlement of some crises and conflicts. Special attention in the elaboration of the future United Nations activities within the \"Agenda\" should therefore be devoted to peaceful settlement of disputes and to preventive diplomacy. In this context, the International Court of Justice, whose role has been unjustly neglected, should be given added importance and its expert and unbiased advice should be sought and used much more often in the future.", "24. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is of the opinion that force and coercive measures, sanctions in particular, under Chapter VII of the Charter should be resorted to only as a final option to be used only after the international community has exhausted all other means in the quest for a peaceful solution. Coercive measures, sanctions in particular, cannot solve an international conflict, especially not a civil war, and they have never been nor can they be an alternative to the settlement of problems and conflicts by peaceful and political means in accordance with the Charter. If the international community would nevertheless opt for coercive measures, this option must be based on the Charter and backed by relevant evidence and explanation. The procedure for the adoption of such a decision and the decision itself must leave no room for doubt as to whether the situation addressed by the Security Council justifies the adoption of the measures on the basis of Chapter VII nor to question the motives of the Security Council in taking such a decision.", "25. An exhaustive study of the measures taken against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under Chapter VII of the Charter, particularly of the effects of the sanctions on Yugoslavia, as well as on Yugoslavia's neighbours and other countries of the region, would certainly facilitate the discussion of the issues envisaged by the \"Agenda\". It would help put in proper perspective all the negative experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its neighbour States in dealing with United Nations sanctions, particularly their effects on the most vulnerable categories of the population - infants, children, the old and the ailing.", "26. Looking back on all the experience Yugoslavia has had with the attempts of the international community to solve the Yugoslav crisis, especially with the harmful consequences of United Nations sanctions, it is proposed that sanctions should be imposed very selectively and only as a means of last resort and that they should be of limited duration.", "27. Considering the very serious consequences of the sanctions for the overall socio-political life of the country on which they are imposed and of the countries affected by them indirectly, there is every justice in the request that special attention be accorded also to the establishment of mechanisms for rendering financial and other assistance to the countries affected by sanctions through no fault of their own.", "28. The destructive and far-reaching negative consequences of present-day conflicts, especially of civil and inter-ethnic wars, increasing in number in recent years, point to the need that some of the issues dealt with in the \"Agenda\" related to the period following the cessation of a conflict be given special emphasis in future deliberations. In this context, in addition to the issues related to economic recovery and reconstruction, of special importance are humanitarian issues as well as the issues related to the protection of human rights.", "29. In general and considering the principle of justice, peace and security, as well as the problem of the constellation of forces at every given moment, it is quite legitimate to ask whether sanctions should be mandatory or recommendable by nature, that is, whether they should be better left to the political will and assessment of individual Member States to decide for themselves on their implementation. The legitimacy of this issue is best illustrated in the case of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. There are quite a number of countries that consider that sanctions against Yugoslavia are too tough, unjust and unfair, but they have to implement them because of the decision of the Security Council.", "30. The set of issues from the field of human rights and ensuring a consistent implementation of generally accepted standards must certainly be in the focus of interests and activity of the United Nations. However, it is unacceptable and absolutely inadmissible that this sensitive matter is used as a pretext for interference in internal affairs of sovereign States, particularly in cases of intervention. The sensitivity and complexity of this matter and in particular the specificity of every region and country, leave no room for any arbitrariness and wilfulness. The responsibility of the United Nations in this field is enormous.", "31. The activities of the United Nations must not be subordinated to the exclusive interests either of the countries that are the object of the activities or of those which, guided by their separate interests, may aspire to channel the activities of the United Nations in directions that correspond with their interests alone. Within the discussion of the issues dealt with in the \"Agenda\", special efforts should be made to establish a stable mechanism that would ensure an objective approach to and equality in rendering humanitarian assistance and would eliminate each and every bias of States that, as a rule, are principal donors. Needless to say, a consistent implementation of the principles of the Charter and of the relevant rules of international law must be the basis for undertaking any action under the auspices or through a mechanism of the United Nations.", "32. In this context, a singular benchmark is the experience acquired in the Yugoslav crisis, in particular in the civil, inter-ethnic and religious war in former Bosnia-Herzegovina. It goes without saying that civil wars threaten the basic human rights of all, irrespective of national origin. Nobody is innocent in a civil war. This must, therefore, be the point of departure in rendering humanitarian assistance and in considering threats to human rights in war‑affected areas. Punishing one side in a civil war alone cannot provide a sound basis for a lasting and just solution.", "33. There is, therefore, hardly any justification for punishing a State that is not a party to a conflict, as has been the case with the imposition of sanctions only against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under an unfounded and absurd accusation that it has committed aggression against former Bosnia‑Herzegovina. This is apparent also to key international factors, particularly those which initiated and forced their establishment.", "34. In accordance with the principled position of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on the use of force and coercive measures, the sensitivity of issues related to \"rapid intervention forces\", to which the Secretary-General attaches great importance, is stressed. These complex issues call for a thorough elaboration to which all United Nations Member States should make a contribution since they are certainly most directly interested in laying out a clear framework in this regard.", "35. In conclusion, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia pledges once again its readiness to make a full contribution to the elaboration of the \"Agenda for Peace\", as well as to all the activities of the United Nations and other international organizations in accordance with the principles and goals of the Charter of the United Nations and the basic principles and norms of international law.", "II. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS", "ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH-EAST ASIAN NATIONS", "[Original: English]", "[26 July 1993]", "1. The United Nations is central to the maintenance of international security and order. The Secretary-General's proposals in his report \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) represent new thinking and an innovative approach towards strengthening this United Nations role, as spelt out in the Charter. It is a reflection of the changed global strategic conditions that the United Nations can now more effectively perform its preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peace-keeping and peace-building functions that play an essential part in conflict prevention and conflict resolution. However, new conflicts and problems have emerged at the regional and subregional levels, thereby resulting in increased demands on the United Nations.", "2. In the Asia-Pacific region, the shifts in the global strategic balance have already led to adjustments in the policies of the major Powers as well as in those of the regional countries. In view of the present uncertainties, ASEAN has endeavoured to establish with the major Asia-Pacific countries mechanisms for continuous regional security dialogues and consultations to anticipate and resolve problems before they reach the crisis or conflict level. In this regard, ASEAN and the major Powers can complement some of the regional conflict-prevention and conflict-resolution roles of the United Nations in the Asia‑Pacific. In South-East Asia, it was the efforts of the United Nations through the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) that led to the peaceful and successful outcome of the general elections in Cambodia in May 1993. ASEAN would like to see the United Nations continue with its regional role in preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peace-keeping and post-conflict peace-building. ASEAN also believes that the cause of international peace and stability will be strengthened by global economic dynamism and social development.", "Preventive diplomacy", "3. ASEAN endorses the Secretary-General's views on preventive diplomacy and, in particular, the proposals to develop the concept of preventive diplomacy through measures such as confidence-building, fact-finding and early warning. It is vital that potential conflicts be identified and limited before they erupt. ASEAN can play a role in regional preventive diplomacy in cooperation with the United Nations. The principle of preventive diplomacy and the peaceful settlement of disputes is enshrined in the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in South-East Asia.", "4. ASEAN supports in principle confidence-building measures identified by the Secretary-General. ASEAN itself can be seen as a successful exercise in regional confidence-building. It has initiated broad concepts of regional confidence-building such as the Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality and the South-East Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone. The ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea is another example of regional confidence-building. ASEAN has also supported the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms.", "5. ASEAN welcomes the adoption by consensus of General Assembly resolution 47/120 of 18 December 1992, which, inter alia, includes some important decisions on fact-finding. In endorsing the Declaration on Fact-finding by the United Nations in the Field of the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, as adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 46/59 on 9 December 1991, ASEAN notes that fact-finding missions undertaken by the Secretary-General, the Security Council or the Assembly would adhere to the guidelines adopted by the Assembly, in particular prior consent of the States involved. Article 99 of the Charter allows the Secretary-General to request the Security Council to consider and act on matters that may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security, and this can serve as an element of preventive diplomacy.", "6. ASEAN agrees with many of the Secretary-General's proposals on early warning, namely, efforts to establish an effective early-warning mechanism and that regional organizations have an important role to play in early warning.", "Peacemaking", "7. ASEAN supports the Secretary-General's proposal for a greater role for the Security Council in the peaceful settlement of disputes, as indicated in Chapter VI of the Charter. The Council should remain the primary organ for the maintenance of international peace and security and resolving issues that have led to conflict. The General Assembly as a universal body should be utilized as appropriate in pre-empting or containing situations that threatened international peace and security. This has been demonstrated in ASEAN's experience with the Cambodian issue. Special representatives of the Secretary-General could also be appointed for specific regions/countries in order to enhance the knowledge of the United Nations and give forewarning of potential trouble spots. ASEAN also believes that, in cases of conflict, peacemaking could be facilitated by international action to ameliorate these circumstances. A more effective International Court of Justice would be desirable.", "8. ASEAN is also of the view that, in drawing up sanctions regimes, the Security Council should take into account humanitarian considerations. In this regard, the Council should undertake a study on the effectiveness of various types of sanctions in achieving desired objectives.", "9. ASEAN in principle supports the Secretary-General's advocation of the use of military force as a transition to United Nations enforcement actions when peaceful measures fail. With a view to improving peace-keeping operations, the experience of how UNTAC has worked out, both on the ground and at United Nations Headquarters, together with the possibility of setting up a United Nations force for peace-enforcement, could be further studied. There should be flexibility in assembling the forces since there are countries with constitutional constraints and problems of public opinion. The main bulk of the peace-enforcement units could come from those countries which are willing to offer forces.", "Peace-keeping", "10. ASEAN generally supports the Secretary-General's proposals on peace‑keeping pertaining to financial and logistical issues. However, ASEAN believes that there is a need to make United Nations peace-keeping operations more cost‑effective. ASEAN also urges all countries to pay their assessed contributions in full and on time. Personnel offered for peace-keeping activities must be highly competent, experienced and well-trained to cope with the increasingly challenging task of implementing and enforcing United Nations mandates. Training of personnel for peace-keeping operations should be based on agreed United Nations standards and concepts of operations.", "Peace-building", "11. ASEAN shares in the Secretary-General's belief that peace-building should be viewed as a counterpart to preventive diplomacy. Peace-building, especially in post-conflict situations, should address not only political problems of institutional and infrastructure development but also non-military threats to security such as the economic and social causes of instability.", "Financing", "12. ASEAN recognizes that a solid and stable financial foundation constitutes a vital precondition for the effective and efficient implementation of all United Nations programmes and activities. This is particularly true today when the Organization is confronted with increasing demands and challenges in particular in the area of peace-keeping operations. Currently, the United Nations is administering 14 peace-keeping operations in various regions of the world. This unprecedented increase in the number of peace-keeping operations undertaken by the United Nations since its inception is certainly stretching its scarce resources as the receipt of contributions has not kept pace with the cash requirements of each operation. This deplorable financial situation of the United Nations still remains and is simply due to the fact that a number of Member States fail to meet their statutory obligations under the Charter, which require them to pay their assessed contributions on time, both to the regular budget and to the peace-keeping operations. ASEAN therefore urges all the Member States to pay their assessed contributions in full and on time.", "Conclusion", "13. ASEAN welcomes and commends many of the proposals of the Secretary-General in his report \"An Agenda for Peace\". The Asia-Pacific region in the 1990s is in a healthy state, its countries are at peace both internally and with each other. Major international changes that have occurred after the end of the cold war have generated some uncertainties but also provided an historic opportunity for international cooperation to strengthen the prospects for global peace and prosperity. The world community has an obligation to act in order to save future generations from the scourge of war. The Secretary-General's proposals as contained in \"An Agenda for Peace\" are important steps towards international peace and stability. In enhancing the effectiveness of the United Nations in the maintenance of international peace and security, one cannot ignore the urgent need for a comprehensive and integrated approach towards peace, development and democracy. The time has come for the United Nations to move beyond recognizing that peace and prosperity are interrelated, and to adopt concrete measures and programmes of action.", "COMMONWEALTH SECRETARIAT", "[For the full text, see document S/25996/Add.2.]", "-----" ]	[ "[] UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 403 / Add.1", "S / 26450 / Add.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ARABIC / FRENCH /", "ENGLISH / RUSSIAN", "GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 87", "ENVIRONMENT OF THE QUESTION OF THE", "PEACE-KEEPING OPERATIONS", "IN ALL THEIR ASPECTS", "Improving the capacity to maintain", "of the United Nations", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "CONTENTS", "Page", "I.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES [1] 2", "Australia 2", "Russian Federation 2", "France 8", "Namibia 15", "Qatar 16", "Sweden 17", "Thailand 19", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 21", "Yugoslavia 30", "II.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS", "Association of South-East Asian Nations 38", "Commonwealth Secretariat 41", "I.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES", "AUSTRALIA", "[Original: English]", "[6 August 1993]", "1.\"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277- S / 24111) states that the nature of peacekeeping operations has evolved rapidly in recent years.The mandates have become more complex and the size and composition of peacekeeping forces and the number of operations in progress at a given time represent a significant variation from the experience of the first 40 years of the United Nations.", "2.To a large extent, this expansion of peacekeeping operations and the diversification of the functions of the staff of peacekeeping operations have taken place without an explicit debate or consensus on the role that should be played by the United Nations and other bodies and on the political and practical limits that should be placed on peacekeeping operations.", "3.The demands of peacekeeping operations already exceed the current United Nations logistical and planning capacity and present an increasing need for financial and human resources for Member States.It is generally recognized that the United Nations can no longer give more of itself, as its level of organization, resources and procedures is no longer sufficient to meet all the demands.", "4.There is therefore growing reason to agree that the conditions for establishing peacekeeping operations must be more predictable and that limits should be more clearly defined than in a realistic way the United Nations can be expected to achieve.", "5.The Australian Government is currently forming an opinion on the best way to set these conditions.At the same time, it fully supported efforts to enhance the effectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping operations.It welcomed the recent reforms aimed at strengthening the Secretariat's capacity for planning, logistics and command and control of peacekeeping operations and would continue to be actively involved in discussions and proposals by Member States, in consultation with the Secretary-General, on practical ways to improve the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations.", "RUSSIAN FEDERATION", "[Original: Russian]", "[14 September 1993]", "1.The profound changes that have taken place in the world over the past few years have changed the nature of the challenges facing international peace and security.The main threat to humanity now comes not from the possibility of nuclear outbreak among the great Powers, but from regional crises that have a national, ethnic and religious basis.", "2.As a result, changes are taking place in the security priorities of the international community.Most States are currently focusing on peacekeeping measures, and therefore the need to strengthen the United Nations peacekeeping capacity has emerged.", "3.The Russian Federation notes with satisfaction that in recent years the United Nations, despite all the difficulties, has made considerable progress in adapting its peacemaking activities to changing conditions.There is no need to mention facts or trends, as they are well known.", "4.At the same time, new problems have arisen.States, in increasing their hope for United Nations peace-building measures, are not always prepared to make a practical contribution to these measures or to allocate the necessary material, technical, financial and human resources.There is sometimes even a sense of impatience and a critical attitude when United Nations peacemaking measures are stagnating or do not bring rapid and apparent results.The global security and future of the Organization itself will depend to a large extent on the ability of the United Nations to adapt effectively and unhindered to the reality of a changing world.", "5.The report of the Secretary-General entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277-S / 24111) was an important contribution to the development of the concept of peacemaking.The detailed analysis of this document in the Security Council has shown the opportunity to give a concrete form to the theses contained in the report and to define the common priorities of the States Members of the United Nations.", "6.The substantive debate on \"An Agenda for Peace\" has also begun in the General Assembly, the results of which are expected with great interest.", "7.In this context, the Russian Federation fully supports the recommendation of the Security Council that all States should take part in their foreign and internal security policy by participating in and supporting international peacekeeping.This fundamental principle is reflected in the current foreign policy theoretical documents and the policy instruments of the Russian Federation.", "8.The provisions contained in the statement of the President of the Security Council of 28 May 1993 (S / 25859) are intended to help clarify and develop the overall political guidance and operational principles supporting the conduct of peacekeeping operations.A useful contribution to the identification of the basis for the conduct of peacekeeping operations is also contained in the paper prepared by the ad hoc expert group on peacekeeping cooperation established by the North Atlantic Cooperation Council.We believe that the provisions of that document could be taken into account in the preparation of the Secretary-General's report to the United Nations.", "9.The effectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping operations could be significantly enhanced through a more comprehensive and effective use of the resources offered by preventive diplomacy.Among the new aspects of this activity, the Russian Federation welcomes the first preventive deployment of a United Nations contingent in Macedonia as an important step in the search for new approaches in the area of conflict prevention.The further development of the concept of \"safe areas\" could also be valuable.", "10.The Russian Federation was ready to participate in the submission to the Secretary-General of the necessary information, including confidential information, for effective preventive diplomacy and peacekeeping activities as a whole.", "11.The Russian Federation supports the idea that the Security Council should make full use of its Charter powers to direct the parties to the conflict towards a negotiated peaceful solution.It also welcomes the strong and determined efforts made in recent months by the Secretary-General in the exercise of his mediation and good offices prerogatives and considers that the close and ongoing consultations he has held with the Security Council are of exceptional importance for the development of a common strategy.", "12.The Russian Federation was interested in the early development of a specific procedure for the implementation of the provisions of Article 50 of the Charter of the United Nations.In particular, it would be useful to consolidate the practice that the Security Council recommends to the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and other multilateral financial institutions that they take due account of the harm caused to \"third countries\" by the sanctions when funds are allocated to those countries through those organizations.", "13.The experience of the latest United Nations peacekeeping operations, in particular in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia and Somalia, demonstrates the importance of no interruption throughout the functional chain: planning, preparation, logistical support and control of the conduct of United Nations peacekeeping operations.This in turn means a clearly defined interaction of national contingents, an adequate organization of the command system, as well as the development of precise rules for the conduct of operations and the criteria for the use of force.It is clear that \"complicated mandates\" peacekeeping operations require a special approach, including the selection of United Nations peacekeeping troops (taking into account their experience and military efficiency), the adequacy of enforcement measures, etc.", "14.It is very important that operations be initiated in the context of a clear objective of political solution, and not simply as a reaction by the world community to situations where \"something must be done.\"", "15.An important component of the success of peacekeeping operations is a sound financial basis.The current critical situation in this regard is, first and foremost, a result of the lack of political will of States to support global stability through United Nations peacekeeping measures, as the fact (cited in the Volcker- Ogata report (A / 48 / 460, annex)) shows in particular that, on average, of every $1,000 spent by States for defence purposes, United Nations peacekeeping operations are only $1.50.", "16.The focus should be on the development of a mechanism for more rigorous control of the planning and rational use of human, material and technical resources in United Nations operations.In particular, the role of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions could be strengthened at all stages of the preparation and implementation of the budgets of United Nations operations.", "17.Attention should also be paid to the issue of financing the initial phase of an operation in the case of emergency deployment.The Russian Federation stands ready to support the Secretary-General & apos; s proposal to develop new arrangements to accelerate the allocation of resources to a new operation immediately after it has been established by the Security Council.", "18.The Russian Federation still had doubts about the creation of a single budget for all operations, as it would leave the main problem of the need to adjust costs and increase the effectiveness of operations unaddressed and the liquidity situation improved.", "19.The Russian Federation believes that the time has come to consider the diversification of the sources of financing of peacekeeping operations through increased material responsibility of recipient and other States directly concerned with the end of the conflict.It could be useful to obtain resources from regional organizations, from voluntary contributions, including from non-governmental sources and, in specific cases, to use in-kind contributions.", "20.The time had come to take concrete steps to review the scale of assessments for the United Nations operations budget.", "21.In the light of the tasks before the Organization, the following aspects of improving United Nations peacemaking mechanisms are particularly timely:", "(a)The existing structures for planning, preparing and managing United Nations operations need to be strengthened and, perhaps, additional structures created.Under the Charter of the United Nations, the Military Staff Committee is responsible for the strategic direction of all armed forces made available to the Security Council.The revitalization of the Military Staff Committee deserves serious consideration.If the Committee could focus on specific measures and include in its work representatives of major troop-sending countries (for example, in accordance with Article 47 of the Charter), it could, under the leadership of the Security Council, take the overall command of operations, develop concrete proposals on cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in a given area, etc.The division of functions among the Secretariat units must be more clearly defined.The Russian Federation believes that it is important to strengthen the central position of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and to include, among its core staff, qualified specialists capable of performing numerous functions, which could be involved in a variety of ways in the urgent start of operations;", "(b)Special attention should be paid to the command and monitoring of field operations.The effective leadership of the United Nations force commander, the close coordination of troop activities from several countries and their compliance with the mandate given to the Security Council are of crucial importance.In this regard, it is important that well-defined interrelations and cooperation exist within the command of operations (including their military and civilian components) and a single operational centre that operates efficiently 24 hours a day;", "(c)The Russian Federation welcomed the ideas underlying the concept of the United Nations \"reserve forces\" proposed by the Secretary-General.The Supreme Council is currently considering a draft law on the participation of the Russian Federation in United Nations peacekeeping operations.When approved, the Russian Federation intends to conduct negotiations to conclude an agreement with the United Nations on the military, civilian and auxiliary Russian staffing, ready to take action, as well as the provision of material and technical resources and services for existing or planned peacekeeping operations.The Russian Federation has already informed the United Nations of a part of its existing resources (two military medical divisions);", "(d)It is of crucial importance to ensure that operations are initiated as soon as possible, when fragile agreements in \"hot areas\" can and should be strengthened by the United Nations presence, which could begin with the dispatch of observers.The time frame between the adoption of a decision by the Security Council and the actual start of operations must be significantly reduced;", "(e)In taking a decision on the start of an operation, in particular a large-scale operation, the Security Council should consider not only the political convenience, the cost of United Nations action and the extent of possible risks to staff, but also the problem of \"withdrawal\" from the operation.There should be no \"unlimited intervention.\"However, this principle should not become a dogma.In exceptional cases, when there is no viable political solution, the United Nations Member States must agree to continue the operation, as \"bad peace is better than good fighting.\"The practice of including in Security Council decisions provisions that make the stay of United Nations personnel in conflict regions conditional on progress in their peaceful settlement should be expanded;", "(f)It is important to improve the procedure for the recruitment and training of personnel, including civilian personnel.In particular, criteria for the recruitment of civilian personnel should be specified and consolidated recommendations for the training of such personnel for the conduct of United Nations operations should be developed.It would be useful to create national \"reserve quotas\" composed of voluntary civilian specialists.The Russian Federation believes it is appropriate for the United Nations Secretariat to prepare a comprehensive list of the expertise and requirements to be met by candidates and to send it to potential donor countries.", "22.The issue of staff safety has recently become particularly serious.In this regard, the Russian Federation supports the strongest measures, including measures to bring to justice the persons and organizations guilty of attacks or other violent acts against the \"blue helmets.\"The mandatory conclusion of agreements with host countries on the status of United Nations forces is a partial solution to the problem, which is not a sufficient answer to all questions.At the same time, strong measures to defend United Nations troops should not lead to punitive military operations or to United Nations involvement in internal conflicts.", "23.It is important that the right of the United Nations to bring to justice persons who resort to violence against United Nations personnel become legally binding.A precedent may arise when the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia begins its proceedings.", "24.Post-conflict peace-building is becoming an integral part of peacekeeping without which countries emerging from the \"active\" phase of conflict cannot be rebuilt.The Russian Federation is particularly interested in the study of the experience and capacity of the United Nations and other international organizations in this area with regard to peacebuilding in the territory of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "25.The Russian Federation considered the proposals on decentralization of responsibility for peacekeeping and peacemaking useful and supported the idea of strengthening the role of regional organizations in that area in accordance with Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations.Progress in this regard must be gradual, and a prerequisite is for the Security Council to continue to have the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.", "26.The Russian Federation welcomes the conclusion of a framework agreement on cooperation and coordination between the United Nations and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and notes the efforts of CSCE, the European Community, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Western European Union to resolve the conflict in the territory of the former Yugoslavia on the basis of the decisions of the Security Council and under the political leadership of the Council.", "27.The question of the establishment of peace in the territory of the former Soviet Union is of the utmost importance to us.The collective peace-building mechanisms of the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as separate regional agreements on conflict resolution in specific regions of the former Soviet Union, are now being more actively implemented in practice and cooperation between these mechanisms and the United Nations and the CSCE is increasing.As a participant in these mechanisms and agreements, the Russian Federation appreciates the practical contribution of the United Nations to the resolution of those conflicts and is ready to continue to cooperate with the Organization.", "FRANCE", "[Original: French]", "[28 July 1993]", "1.France has considered with satisfaction the report of the Secretary-General of 15 June 1993 (S / 25944) on the implementation of the recommendations made in \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277- S / 24111) and welcomes the action already taken.", "2.In accordance with the wishes of the Secretary-General, the Government of France wishes to contribute to the debate that is taking place in the following areas.", "I.IMPROVING PREPARATION OF MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS", "OF THE PEACE", "Strengthening the Secretariat", "3.France is pleased to note the significant increase in the human resources and infrastructure of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.This effort must continue in both the civilian and military divisions of that Department.This capacity-building, which is recognized by all, is necessary to address the continued increase in peacekeeping operations that require continued political and military follow-up.", "4.At the same time, the French Government fully endorses the Secretary-General & apos; s efforts to send fact-finding missions to places where the Organization is called, or is at risk of being called, to intervene.As the Secretary-General himself stressed in his same report of 15 June 1993, all information received by those missions, or transmitted by Member States, should be treated effectively.For the same reason, it seems essential to continue to strengthen the Secretariat & apos; s resources, in particular the military division and the situation room of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "More detailed military planning", "5.Today, the military planning function is as crucial as the political follow-up to the various conflicts under way.The United Nations is forced to deploy peacekeeping missions in which States of different military traditions join.They must have more effective monitoring and planning mechanisms to anticipate crisis situations, react quickly and facilitate initial planning of operations in line with very specific United Nations constraints.", "6.Efforts must be made in three directions:", "(a)Even before Member States announce their contributions, an initial operational concept based on a more detailed military audit and, ultimately, a planning outline should be developed in conjunction with the relevant Special Representative of the Secretary-General.This will improve the quality and seriousness of the plan for the implementation of the military component of the mandate, traditionally described in the report of the Secretary-General which sets out the scope of action of each mission.For that reason, a new structure linked to the Secretariat, composed of officers with strong planning experience and dimensions, should be gradually established to maintain the flexibility expected from such structures;", "(b)From the beginning of deployment, this structure should be strengthened as soon as possible by representatives of troop-contributing States responsible for preparing operational planning itself, in coordination with the staff to be deployed in the field;", "(c)On the other hand, these generic planning cells already exist in several multilateral political and monetary organizations, in particular in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Western European Union.The much-needed contacts and exchanges of views between the United Nations and those recognized organizations of experience and competence should be expanded, particularly with regard to areas of operations covered by those organizations and where they should be directly involved at the request of the United Nations.Such exchanges would create a complementarity that will be indispensable on the day when experts and soldiers from those organizations should work together with the United Nations in the field.", "Further consideration with troop-contributing countries", "7.The main troop-contributing countries often wish to be informed, during a mission, of the guidance and operational decisions taken.The French Government understands these requests and considers that it would be useful for the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to keep informed of the decisions taken or planned to be taken by an informal follow-up committee composed of diplomatic and military representatives from the countries participating in the mission concerned and, where appropriate, to consult with it.In summary, if the Secretariat & apos; s means of analysis, planning and follow-up were to be increased, it was logical that, at the same time, troop-contributing States should be better informed collectively of the mission & apos; s development.", "Improved logistics", "8.The international community is increasingly calling on the United Nations to intervene very quickly in crisis or humanitarian emergency situations.Such increased responsibility meant that the Organization had increasingly short time frames to respond, and it was therefore imperative that it should have at all times the necessary material for the rapid deployment of a mission.For that reason, the logistical capacity of the United Nations must be strengthened.", "9.The storage of weapons and ammunition entails high maintenance costs and requires qualified personnel who are familiar with the material to be used.For that reason in particular, it is preferable that armaments be in general the exclusive responsibility of Member States.", "10.However, recent experience shows that certain needs are repeated from mission to mission.Peacekeeping must be supported by very specific types of equipment that are not systematically included in the regular strength of the troops called to serve as blue helmets and which are to be used in very diverse operations theatres.This is the case with non-military material (prefabricated housing, radio, telephones, vehicles,...), but also with certain military equipment (military communications, armoured front vehicles, telegraphed aircraft,...).The Secretariat should be able to provide civilian and military personnel, from the time of their deployment, with such material as is essential to enable them to fulfil their mandate.The Secretariat should therefore be equipped with a small central warehouse of materials specifically adapted to peacekeeping.", "II.IMPROVED IMPLICATIONS OF MISSION MISSION", "OF THE PEACE ON THE GROUND", "Contribution of Member States in the military field", "11.In view of the growing needs for United Nations intervention, there is a need for a thorough reform of the system of mobilization of the blue helmets.While it was clear that the Organization had no means of maintaining permanent forces today, it was essential for Member States to prepare forces that could be mobilized quickly.These should consist of previously selected units (\"finger-pointed\") that comprise a set of force modules trained in the light of peacekeeping tasks and equipped with mutually compatible materials.These units (force modules) would be made available to the United Nations and could be mobilized at any time.", "12.With the increase in peacekeeping operations, the capacity of major troop-contributing countries has been limited.Today, States, to a greater extent than before, in deciding to participate, take their own national interests into account first.On the other hand, what is also the case is that troop-contributing countries are not willing to intervene simply on the basis of what has been agreed today to call the \"moral obligation\" of members of the international community.", "13.The force module mechanism should allow for a large part of the reversal of current trends to return to the principle of United Nations neutrality and facilitate, through prior agreement, the Secretary-General & apos; s assessment of the Organization & apos; s actual capacity to intervene.It should also enable an increasing number of Member States to participate in peacekeeping missions.It would be useful for each Member State to be interested in this measure and to make known, in accordance with its own capacity, the nature of the units that could be made available to the Organization at the time.Ultimately, all Member States should be involved in that process.", "Increased interaction among contingents", "14.The logistics of these force modules requires that all troops called upon to intervene in operations in very short time-frames have a common knowledge and method base.It therefore seems essential that there be common training for all the units concerned.This training, which would complement the military training of each army, should be first provided in national military academies.But the United Nations should be responsible for coordinating, beginning with senior officers and in a descending order, specific courses to exchange concepts and methods.These courses should be organized in shifts by major troop-contributing countries under the supervision of the United Nations.The United Nations should also organize common (staff) exercises in order to be able to verify in practice the interaction between contingents and to seek ways to improve it.", "Improving the means of political analysis and mission follow-up", "15.The mandate of the recently deployed missions includes an increasingly comprehensive political component.The tasks are often to monitor the relevant administrations, to form new police forces, to join different factions, in other rival times, in a new army, to ensure the honesty of electoral campaigns, etc.These tasks are fully in response to the concern expressed by all that peacekeeping missions should also address the political causes of conflict in order to allow for lasting peacebuilding.", "16.This new responsibility requires that the mission in question be at all times pending the evolution of political positions of all parties to the conflict.This need to know the local political environment as best as possible becomes more imperative, given that peacekeeping missions - often composed of thousands of people - may be in a position to reject a population sometimes manipulated by a minority that opposes them.Any mission must be able to anticipate the problems it may encounter and to make the people concerned aware of the reasons for the decisions it takes.", "17.It would therefore be desirable for each mission to be systematically equipped with a political analysis unit, directly linked to the office of the special representative.The task of this unit, which is composed of international experts and specialists from the region, would be to monitor closely and analyse the evolution of the political environment and the feeling of the stakeholders in order to inform the special representative of the trends that are being seen between the political class and the population.Political analyses of that unit should also be transmitted to the Secretariat for information.", "III.BEST POLITICAL CONTROL", "18.France is committed to increasing political control over peacekeeping operations.", "19.The different stages of the development of such operations should be monitored more closely.", "20.The preparation of the operation must follow the logic proposed by the Secretary-General in \"An Agenda for Peace.\"", "21.The field deployment of fact-finding missions involving representatives of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, in addition to fully responding to the common desire for preventive diplomacy, would allow for the preparation of troop deployment, the provision of requirements, the collection of information and the determination of the provisional costs of the operation.The reports of those missions should be transmitted to Member States as soon as possible, so that they could make the necessary arrangements for their possible participation in sufficient time.", "22.The practice of appointing a special representative of the Secretary-General for each operation should be generalized.This designation is made after consultations with the parties to the conflict and with the Security Council.The role of the special representative is to coordinate the measures of the different components of the operation (civil,", "(a) To ensure political and non-operational control of military aspects and to report regularly to the Secretary-General and the Security Council on its mission;", "23.The establishment of the operation depends first and foremost on the Security Council & apos; s clear definition of the mandate.In that regard, France would like to see, to the extent possible, the \"founding\" resolutions of the peacekeeping forces more precise in the two aspects:", "(a)The mandate of force should expressly include the definition of the latest political objectives.The most realistic would be that they were limited and did not necessarily aim at a total settlement of the crisis;", "(b)The mandate should also define the objectives of each phase.The Secretary-General, in his report to the Security Council at the beginning of each operation, should propose a time frame and a timetable for evaluation.The intermediate objectives could include the disarmament (partial or complete) of the warring forces, the establishment and observation of a ceasefire, and the dispatch of good offices missions on the ground.", "24.The management and monitoring of the operation could be improved:", "(a)Improving the means - still too limited - of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations operations monitoring room.Such a room should be open not only to the members of the Department, but also to the military representatives of troop-contributing States and even to members of the Staff Committee established under Article 47 of the Charter;", "(b)By having the special representative of the Secretary-General report on a regular basis (once a month) on the whole mission, the development of operations, the problems encountered in the implementation of the mandate and the monitoring of the established timetable.The Security Council should be informed of the work of the Mission & apos; s Political Analysis Unit, as well as of any other elements (private audits) that could be illustrated to it;", "(c)By systematically sending expert inspection missions with a Security Council mandate, to which they would be accountable, to assess the situation and to verify the adequacy of the mandate, the means of force and the rules of engagement and the homogeneity of its interpretation.", "25.The association of regional organizations and security covenants to peacekeeping operations should be encouraged under certain conditions:", "(a)The special representative of the Secretary-General remains responsible for the operation.Representatives of regional organizations and security covenants act under their political authority;", "(b)The formula of appointing a joint representative of the United Nations and the regional organization can also be encouraged;", "(c)Representatives of States members of these covenants and organizations, where they contribute to the operation, should also have access to the Secretariat's Operations Monitoring Chamber.", "IV.MAYOR FINANCIAL CONTROL", "Confirmed principles", "26.The question of the financing of peacekeeping operations should be carefully considered, and the French Government:", "(a)Recalls its commitment to the current system of budget per operation, which ensures the financial transparency of each operation and allows for individual monitoring and monitoring by Member States;", "(b)It remains in favour of financing operations through mandatory contributions, which is the only means of ensuring independence and providing stable resources.Voluntary contributions should be accepted only when they were from the States that were the beneficiaries of the operations, provided that they had funds for them;", "(c)They wish that the start of each operation should be preceded by a detailed cost assessment and that a financial report should be made available to Member States before the Security Council takes a decision;", "(d)It will support any proposal to improve the audits of current operations or, more generally, to facilitate more regular cost control and more comprehensive information to the bodies concerned (Security Council and Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions).", "An informal review group", "27.The difficult, complex and long missions that the United Nations has recently undertaken in different parts of the world have highlighted some challenges that the troop-contributing countries have to face.It would be useful for the countries with special responsibility, given the importance of their participation in peacekeeping missions, to work closely with each other to seek to address those crucial problems informally.In our view, this review group should focus on two issues of unanimous importance and very topical:", "(a)The financing of peacekeeping missions for which the Volcker- Ogata report (A / 48 / 460, annex) provides suggestions that should be further considered with a view to achieving rapid deployment;", "(b)The safety of personnel participating in missions and the nature of sanctions that may be adopted against those responsible for attacks against personnel serving under the United Nations flag.", "28.That review group, which should be informal and flexible, could communicate the results of its reflections to the Secretariat, the Security Council and the General Assembly.", "NAMIBIA", "[Original: English]", "[3 August 1993]", "1.The policy of the Government of the Republic of Namibia with regard to the maintenance of international peace has, of course, been influenced by the recent history of the country.The entire population of Namibia enthusiastically supported the operation of the United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG), which took place in 1989 and 1990, which helped Namibia to achieve its independence and restore peace and security, and witnessed its success.The GANUPT became a synonym of freedom.", "2.The Government of the Republic of Namibia has made peace and stability the main objective of its national policy and also of its foreign policy and, through its policy of national reconciliation, has made peace and stability deep in Namibia, particularly with the support of the Constitution of the Republic of Namibia.", "3.Thus, international peacekeeping policy is one of the pillars of the foreign policy of the Government of Namibia.Taking into account labour and resource constraints, Namibia, to the extent of its capacity, will play its role in peacekeeping and peacebuilding.", "4.From that point of view, the Government of the Republic of Namibia will support measures that help to ensure confidence in the region and to eliminate suspicion and mistrust.The regional meeting on confidence-building and security measures in southern Africa, held in Windhoek from 24 to 26 February 1993, provided regional leaders and national security policy makers with a useful opportunity to discuss common problems and, more importantly, to make mutual suspicions and misgivings disappear.The Government will encourage and support other similar meetings in the future or build on the achievements of the Windhoek meeting.", "5.In the light of that policy, the Government of the Republic of Namibia has spared no effort to find a solution to the crisis in the neighbouring country of Angola.At both the regional and international levels, Government ministers have been constantly trying to find ways to resolve the crisis.The Government of the Republic of Namibia, therefore, is actively implementing a policy of preventive diplomacy and peaceful settlement of disputes under its Constitution.", "6.Namibia is participating in the current peacekeeping operation in Cambodia under the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), with a contingent of reinforced vehicles - Wolf.In the light of the experience of this specialized contingent of reinforced vehicles, Namibia will in future seriously consider any request for participation in peacekeeping operations with a similar contingent, with the only exception that it may face financial constraints.", "7.Namibia would like to stress the importance of countries that cannot afford the necessary specialized training being provided with the necessary assistance to put their forces at the level required for effective participation in international peacekeeping operations.This is particularly relevant for a young and developing country such as Namibia.The reinforced vehicles - Wolf - require maintenance.In the Cambodia operation, the United Nations made the request at the last moment.As a result, only those vehicles that were already ready to be used could be sent, perhaps with some defects that could have been remedied.", "8.The Government of the Republic of Namibia considers that the financing of peacekeeping operations is the collective responsibility of all Member States, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.The Government has always paid its assessed contributions in full and on time.It should be noted, however, that, as peacekeeping operations increase, the financing of such operations will become a heavy burden for developing countries such as Namibia.The Government would therefore like to stress that, if it moves to Namibia from the category, D to C, as proposed in the report of the Secretary-General (A / 47 / 484), it will increase its participation in peacekeeping operations by 100 per cent.However, if the proposal, which was intended to reserve the last category D, for the least developed countries, was implemented, a heavy burden would be imposed on developing countries such as Namibia.", "9.The recommendation in the Ogata-Volcker report (A / 48 / 460, annex, p. 18) that a revolving fund of $400 million be established would reduce the initial cost of peacekeeping operations compared to the current level of $150 million; that recommendation should be taken into account.", "QATAR", "[Original: Arabic]", "[2 August 1993]", "1.The Government of Qatar affirms the importance of the peacekeeping and peace-keeping mechanism in accordance with the relevant articles of the Charter.It also agreed with the Secretary-General on the importance of preventive diplomacy in preventing the outbreak of armed conflicts that threatened international peace and security.", "2.The Government of Qatar also supports the proposals of the Secretary-General contained in paragraphs 34 to 44 of his report entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277-S / 24111), in particular the use of peace-keeping units in clearly defined circumstances.Such forces should be more armed than peacekeeping forces and be available permanently for the purposes set out in Article 42 of the Charter.", "3.The Government of Qatar believes that the proposals submitted by the Secretary-General in his above-mentioned report for the financing of peacekeeping and peace-keeping operations are worthy of consideration and deserve support.", "SWEDEN [2]", "[Original: English]", "[20 August 1993]", "Current management", "1.The Nordic countries welcomed and supported ongoing efforts to restructure the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to strengthen United Nations peacekeeping capacity.", "2.The Nordic countries particularly welcome the integration of the relevant parts of the Field Division into the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, as a measure that they believe will strengthen and make more effective the planning, management and administrative support of operations.", "3.The Nordic countries looked forward to the results of the work of the standby unit planning group to improve and accelerate the process through which the Organization obtained staff or trained units and equipment from Member States for new or expanded peacekeeping operations.", "4.The Nordic countries are ready to cooperate with the Secretariat, to the extent that its resources permit, to find additional staff for specific peacekeeping tasks that can be made available to the United Nations on an interim basis.", "5.The Nordic countries welcomed the establishment of a situation room for operations in Somalia and the former Yugoslavia and commended the Secretary-General for his intention to take steps to establish an integrated situation room covering global peacekeeping operations.What is now needed is to significantly strengthen the capacity of the United Nations Secretariat in the operational management, command and control of ongoing operations.", "6.The Nordic countries also considered the establishment of a military planning cell in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to be an essential and timely step in strengthening the capacity of the Secretariat.", "7.However, the Nordic countries suggest that, in addition to the measures already initiated, the following proposals should be considered for implementation in the near future:", "Organization and effectiveness", "8.The arrangements for training military, civilian and police personnel in peacekeeping operations should be reviewed and improved, using the relevant resources of Member States, regional organizations and arrangements, non-governmental organizations and the Secretariat.In particular, consideration should be given to establishing a training programme for essential personnel in peacekeeping operations with a view to creating a pool of trained personnel who are aware of the United Nations system and its working procedures.The Nordic countries are ready to explore ways and means to enhance their cooperation with the United Nations and its Member States in this area.", "9.The essential personnel of a peacekeeping operation should be involved in the planning process from the early stages.One of the guiding principles of this process should be that, to the extent possible, the persons to be engaged in a peacekeeping operation should also participate in its planning.This will require greater efforts by the Secretariat to select, in the early stages, in cooperation with Member States, potential essential personnel, such as force commanders and chief administrative officers, for future peacekeeping operations.", "10.In order to facilitate communications and cooperation among all parties, Member States should be provided, as appropriate, with descriptions of the areas of responsibility of the various experts and advisers, as well as of the established administrative officers, of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "Financing", "11.The serious financial situation with regard to United Nations peacekeeping operations was one of the greatest concerns of the Nordic countries.Action should be taken, taking into account the useful proposals contained in the Volcker- Ogata report (A / 48 / 460, annex), to ensure adequate financing of peacekeeping operations, on the basis of the principle of collective responsibility and full and timely payment of assessed contributions.In that regard, the Nordic countries stressed the importance of the payment without delay of the amounts owed to troop-contributing countries.", "12.While welcoming the establishment of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, the Nordic countries stressed the need for further discussion on how to achieve adequate funding for the initial phase of peacekeeping operations.", "13.The Nordic countries suggest that steps be taken to ensure that greater financial and administrative authority can be delegated to the force commander or the special representative of a mission composed of various components as a means of improving the mission's performance and achieving greater cost-efficiency.To that end, the Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations, as well as administrative procedures for peacekeeping operations, needed to be revised to enhance the capacity of missions to adapt flexibly to new situations and specific needs.However, such measures should be accompanied by efforts to provide adequate training to administrative staff in the field and to strengthen internal control procedures.", "Agreements and guidelines", "14.The conclusion of status-of-forces agreements is essential for the creation of a well-defined working relationship between the United Nations and the host country of a peacekeeping operation.The Secretariat & apos; s efforts to finalize those agreements should therefore be increased, preferably before the deployment of a peacekeeping force.", "15.The Nordic countries also wished to stress the critical importance of the model agreement between the United Nations and Member States contributing personnel and equipment to peacekeeping operations, especially in view of the fact that those operations were becoming increasingly complex.The Secretariat is urged to conclude such agreements with troop-contributing Member States.", "TAILAND", "[Original: English]", "[21 July 1993]", "I.ON GENERAL PRINCIPLES", "1.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand agrees with the Secretary-General & apos; s observation that the cornerstone of the work of the United Nations is and must remain the State.Respect for the sovereignty and integrity of States is therefore essential in any common international and United Nations endeavour.", "2.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand is following with great interest the development of United Nations peace-keeping activities.As peace-keeping activities pose significant new risks, the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand believes that the advantages and disadvantages of each United Nations peace-keeping activities should be fully considered.In some situations, such activities may be counterproductive, especially when the consent of all parties to the conflict has not been obtained.", "3.The Secretary-General & apos; s suggestion that United Nations peacekeepers be sent to \"areas of instability and potential crisis\" should also be considered more closely to prevent hostilities.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand considers it essential that there be greater clarity as to the scope and circumstances in which this could occur.", "II.ON THE CAPACITY OF THE SECRETARIAT", "4.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand welcomes the recent expansion of the Office of the Military Adviser.It also fully supported the suggestion that the Field Division should be integrated into the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "III.ON PLANNING", "5.The need for improved planning procedures is generally recognized.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand believes that force commanders should be appointed as soon as possible to participate directly in preliminary planning, so that advice on the composition and needs of the forces can be provided in the early stages to ensure adequate preparation of troop-contributing countries.In addition, procurement and logistics procedures should also be improved.", "IV.ON MANDO AND CONTROL", "6.The rapid expansion of peacekeeping has created an urgent need for a fully functional situation room / operations centre at United Nations Headquarters.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand shares the view that, as a minimum requirement, the centre should be the only focal point for communications and information on peacekeeping operations.In the long term, it can serve to integrate the operational, logistical, planning and intelligence requirements of such operations.", "V.ON CAPACITATION", "7.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand believes that much of the success of all peacekeeping activities depends on the availability of well-trained personnel.It is clear that training should be based on agreed operational standards and concepts.In that regard, he found it an excellent idea to prepare a comprehensive United Nations manual on logistics policies and procedures.In addition, the feasibility of establishing regional training centres should be seriously considered, as the exchange of experience at the regional level could enhance the capacity and readiness of Member States to contribute to peacekeeping operations.", "VI.ON FINANCE", "8.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand has long been seriously concerned about the precarious situation with regard to the financing of peacekeeping operations.It was firmly convinced that United Nations peacekeeping was so essential to global peacekeeping that it could not be dependent on whether or not financial and budgetary constraints existed.In his view, the solution to this arduous problem remains in the interest of Member States to pay their assessed contributions in full and on time.However, other bold and innovative methods suggested by the Secretary-General in \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277-S / 24111) should be seriously studied.", "VII.ON STAFF SECURITY", "9.As a troop-contributing country, Thailand is seriously concerned about the increasing number of victims among peacekeeping and other personnel.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand is confident that the measures recommended by the General Assembly in its resolution 47 / 72 of 14 December 1992 will be implemented in a timely manner.", "UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND", "[Original: English]", "[20 July 1993]", "1.In response to the statement of the Security Council of 28 May 1993 (S / 25859) on follow-up to \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277- S / 24111), the Secretary-General of the United Nations requested Member States to identify to him those aspects of United Nations peacekeeping operations that needed to be strengthened and to convey ideas to him about the positive steps that could be taken in this regard.", "General", "2.The Security Council and the United Nations Secretariat would have to carefully analyse the situation on the ground before agreeing to initiate a United Nations peacekeeping operation.Such operations require clear and realistic objectives that would lead to the solution of an ongoing political process and a precise mandate, as well as the consent of the parties and the security of the necessary resources.In addition, the United Nations and the Security Council should provide that what regional organizations or Member States may wish to do is to transfer to the United Nations their own operations with which they have failed to find the solution sought and to consider the desirability of the United Nations intervening in such cases.The United Nations also needs to critically review existing mandates in order to determine what kind of momentum should be given to them to lead them to their ultimate goal.", "3.The British Government welcomes the considerable efforts made by the Secretary-General to strengthen and enhance the capacity of the United Nations to project and conduct peacekeeping operations.Useful initiatives have been taken, including the strengthening of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, the establishment of a 24-hour situation room and the start of a reserve unit planning project.The United Kingdom welcomes the proposals to integrate the Field Division into the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "Command, control and planning", "4.It is necessary to define more clearly the relations between command and control.It is essential that there be unity of command at the highest levels.It is unlikely that this unit of command can be achieved until a single department at United Nations Headquarters is responsible for all aspects of a peacekeeping operation.", "5.The force commander should continue to exercise the command function itself (i.e. the authority to assign force troops to different tasks and to reassign them as necessary).United Nations Headquarters should be responsible for providing guidance to commanders and for providing essential political-military liaison, focusing rather on strategic aspects, rather than on the details of operational planning; capacity in that area needed to be improved.", "6.The ability to respond flexibly to the dynamics of a situation, which is necessary to meet the requirements of a peacekeeping operation, is the product of three main factors: capacity, expertise and experience.Efforts must also be made to save not only costs but also to ensure that there is a capacity to remount and ensure that scarce resources are managed with caution.The United Kingdom believes that the best way to apply these four principles to the Secretariat would be to provide an expanded staffing of planning and operations: an overall staffing of peacekeeping.These men and women, both civilian and military, some of whom could be seconded personnel from different countries, would be in line with an agreed professional doctrine and could perform the necessary core functions of the United Nations strategic planning chain, mainly at United Nations Headquarters in New York, but also in the field.They would expand the existing planning and operations unit, which is in an embryonic state, and would obtain the capacity, expertise and experience necessary to be able to function effectively.Such staff should perform their work in accordance with established standards and have clearly defined implementation objectives.Further details on the tasks of planning and operations staff are contained in the annex.", "7.Planning and operations staff should provide the United Nations with a \"nervous system\" for which the current staff of the Organization are neither structured nor resourced.It would not perform command functions, but would be responsible for the initial development of an operational plan until the Force Commander and his staff were appointed.It is important that the force commander be linked to planning from the beginning.Planning and operations staff could also be sent to individual operations as senior staff officers of United Nations commanders.However, a balance would need to be struck between needs in the field and needs at Headquarters in New York.Care should be taken not to dilute the core of expertise to the extent that it was ineffective.In preparing an operational plan, due attention is needed to potential costs, to ensure that costs do not exceed the level required for the effective performance of tasks.", "8.It is also necessary to consider the best means of attracting staff who are used to working together to form the core of an operations centre when a new mission is deployed.States could be requested to designate staff members who could be convened by the United Nations to replace certain peacekeepers at the operations centre, to whom they could be sent to a new mission.The United Kingdom suggests that the core of Professional staff in field operations centres should come mainly from affected States or major nations.Sometimes a regional organization could provide that core.At best, staff members in posts should have received training in United Nations Headquarters procedures and be used to working in a multinational environment.The interrelationship of such trained personnel with the planning and operations staff deployed in the field, which will provide continuity and expertise, will help to overcome the inherent disadvantages encountered when a multinational operations centre is established in the area of a given mission.", "Communications and information", "9.The United Nations must provide force commanders with a detailed political analysis, based on accurate and up-to-date data, of the situation on the ground.The best people in the work of obtaining such data are experts, who often use specialized equipment.For the United Nations, the cost of developing a viable military information-gathering capacity internally would be prohibitive.The United Nations should therefore seek to make greater use of the capacities already existing from different nations or multinational organizations.In addition, force commanders must be able to develop the capacity to analyse military information.", "10.The United Nations needs to create a system-wide communications network to make strategic communications efficient and cost-effective.A working group on communications could identify how best to ensure that all United Nations entities (including agencies) involved in operations can communicate effectively with each other.The key is to ensure common standards and compatibility.", "11.The United Nations could consider coordinating mapping and the availability of maps for operations, as well as the appointment of a Cartographic Adviser to be part of the military component.", "Mine clearance", "12.The United Kingdom welcomes the appointment by the Secretariat of an expert on mine-clearing.It is essential that this task be coordinated with all the agencies concerned.", "Standard operational standards and doctrines for peacekeeping", "13.The fact that United Nations peacekeeping forces were from many Member States was one of the greatest advantages, since it meant that United Nations peacekeeping missions could be seen as a manifestation of the concern of the entire international community and not as a means of promoting more limited national or regional interests.However, such a political advantage can create military difficulties, by trying to work together, often for the first time, forces from different nations with different levels of technical knowledge, which are governed by different operational standards.", "14.The experience of the United Kingdom as a member of a multinational partnership leads us to express the strong view that the publication of a United Nations tactical doctrine, on the basis of which uniform operational standards could be developed, would facilitate the integration of a United Nations force.The United Nations may wish to build on existing uniform operational standards that are relevant, such as those established by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) for a multinational environment.", "15.Once developed, such uniform doctrine and operational standards should be more widely disseminated to Member States, after being adapted to take into account ongoing operations.Troop-contributing nations should be fully aware of these standards and in a position to implement them before deployment.", "Training", "16.Training should continue at the national level, but be structured to meet United Nations standards for troops and units.The potential for higher schools for staff worldwide to benefit from a common set of knowledge should be considered in providing training to their senior officers.States with experience should be prepared to send staff to participate in the work of other higher schools for staff and assist them in developing their own training programmes.", "17.The United Nations could also consider the possibility of countries with peacekeeping experience deploying reduced short-term training teams to train units of the least experienced nations.Such training could be organized at the regional level and would be particularly valuable for the contingents to be assigned to the same area of a given mission.", "18.A smaller team of United Nations training staff may be able to train staff designated in advance to perform essential posts in local operations centres.Much of this training could be provided through distance learning techniques, perhaps by using higher schools for staff at the national or regional level.", "Political-military interface and cooperation with other agencies", "19.It was important to promote understanding among the military and civilians, both in terms of peacekeeping operations and relations with humanitarian and other concerned agencies.", "United Nations military and civilian observers", "20.The United Nations is facing a shortage of military observers.The establishment of a core of United Nations civilian observers, which could be persons with diplomatic or former military experience who wished to serve the United Nations, could also be considered; such civilian observers would have functions similar to those of United Nations military observers and could provide additional analytical capacity to strengthen the work of United Nations civilian advisers.The objective could be to deploy joint United Nations military and civilian observer teams, which, by combining their tasks, could contribute to the creation of links and their work in establishing peace, which they would carry out under a common doctrine in support of the force commander.", "Logistics", "21.The United Kingdom recognizes the need to increase the logistical capacity of the United Nations.A first step could be the development of uniform operational standards for all areas of logistical support, including finance.The United Kingdom welcomes and fully supports the Canadian-led project to establish uniform operational standards.It was hoped that the results would be applied to the entire range of peacekeeping operations.", "22.The development and implementation of a standard logistics doctrine and operational standards will need to be complemented by the provision of training to troop-contributing countries.A Member State with the necessary expertise could take the lead and develop a training package.", "23.Where the situation on the ground allows and is economically beneficial, civilian contractors could be used through international bidding.However, it is clear that global logistical activities, including those relating to civilian personnel, should be coordinated.", "24.There is a undeniable need to coordinate the movements of the troops and both the evacuation of casualties in the theatre of operations and the medical evacuations outside the theatre.", "25.In view of the pressures on United Nations international staff in the interim period, the United Nations could use more local staff before a general approach to staff matters, which would reduce the lack of staff through short-term local contracts.These staff could be experts in logistics, administration, accounting, etc.", "Public information", "26.The United Nations needs a more active approach to public information policy on peacekeeping operations.More media-related staff should be recruited, as each operation was under intense pressure.There is a need to train staff at Headquarters and the mission to deal with the media, to present convincing arguments about a particular operation and to comment on it as it develops.Such information can no longer be monitored by the United Nations only from New York.A more systematic flow of information between the United Nations and troop-contributing countries would be desirable.The United Nations could seek to recruit specialists (or, indeed, former journalists) at the local level as mission support staff.", "27.The country to which a mission is sent must be clearly explained in advance to the country in which it is mandated and the objectives of the mission.It is therefore clear that there is a need for an important source of information from the time a technical reconnaissance mission is sent to explore how best to describe the mandate and operation itself to the country to which the mission is sent and to the local parties.", "Field administration and financing", "28.The United Nations needs to establish a highly professional and trained body of Chief Administrative Officers to meet the multiple needs of ongoing operations and to report to the Department of Peacekeeping Operations in New York through the head of the mission, in compliance with the principle of unity of command.States could assist in training activities to ensure that best methods are used and that there is mutual understanding and spit of corps.At times, staff in large-scale ongoing missions could be responsible for conducting some of the training activities for future operations in theatre.", "29.Procedures for the recruitment of short-term civilian personnel under certain conditions should be expedited.Contractors that regularly provide the United Nations with skilled labour should be provided with information material kits and encouraged to prepare their own training courses.", "30.The United Kingdom is convinced that any operation should be given a higher degree of financial authority delegated to the Chief Administrative Officers.This should be done at the same time by establishing a system of periodic inspections to determine whether resources are used in an appropriate manner.Military audit procedures are of no doubt relevant to peacekeeping operations.", "Equipment, costs and financing", "31.The United Kingdom agrees that there may be operational advantages in the creation of limited revolving reserves, possibly from unutilized resources in ongoing operations, to ensure that immediate emergency deployment requirements can be met.In addition, the United Kingdom is aware that there would be costs for storage, maintenance and rotation and losses caused by the disuse.The financial implications that this could have should be studied in depth before this issue is further discussed.", "32.The possibility of more use of the United Nations / business / country contracts for items that are often used should also be considered.Costs and stocks should be negotiated in advance.", "33.The United Nations should consider applying a uniform agreement for the lease of advanced military equipment to all troop-contributing countries, rather than using a depreciation formula.", "34.It might be desirable to explore the possibility for States with appropriate and well-established military equipment to pay in kind up to a certain percentage of their assessed contributions, subject to inspection and verification and following agreements on the costs of specific items and on a set of maintenance services.", "35.Before adopting a particular resolution, the United Nations should submit as full an estimate of potential costs as possible, preferably 48 hours in advance, so that all Member States can review the financial implications before the voting takes place.", "36.The United Kingdom agreed in principle that the United Nations Secretariat, as of the time of adoption of a resolution, should send a notification of assessments of 20 per cent of the estimated costs to meet the immediate requirements for deployment.To do so, the estimate of potential costs would have to be available long before.In addition, it might be useful for these potential costs to be discussed in advance with, for example, the 15 major contributing countries.The Secretary-General should be authorized, depending on the replies received, to use the peacekeeping reserve fund to cover the initial costs.", "37.However, this is only a short-term solution.In the long term, there was nothing that could replace the timely and full payment of assessed contributions by Member States.Member States, particularly those who are recalcitrant debtors, should continue to be urged at all times to be better payers.", "38.To improve the effectiveness of the United Nations, proposals for peacekeeping operations that in themselves result in increased costs should be financed from savings achieved through a new allocation of priorities in the regular budget or from a peacekeeping budget, as appropriate.", "Reserve units", "39.The United Kingdom welcomes the start of the reserve unit planning project.In order for peacekeeping forces to be deployed quickly and equipped with appropriate equipment for the task in question, it is essential that the Secretary-General be provided with accurate information on the forces that Member States are willing to provide.The verification process is important.It would be appropriate to carry out annual inspections of a certain percentage of the units declared and to update the data.The United Nations could also follow NATO's practice of sending teams to collect information from States on a systematic basis (as is done with the NATO defence planning questionnaire).The United Kingdom welcomes the planned visit to NATO.", "40.The United Kingdom has armed forces made up of full-time professionals, who are fulfilling very diverse commitments worldwide.Because of the nature of these commitments, it is impossible for the United Kingdom to allocate forces to the exclusive service of the United Nations.It would not be possible to ensure the availability of such forces.However, the United Kingdom was prepared to consider further requests for the allocation of forces to United Nations peacekeeping operations, considering each case separately and taking into account the resources already allocated to other locations.", "41.The United Kingdom will therefore cooperate fully with the reserve unit planning group, which will be required to visit the United Kingdom in the near future, explaining its various relevant command and operational capabilities, although requests for deployment would need to be considered on a case-by-case basis.", "42.The countries contributing forces in the initial phase would like to ensure that the commitment to deploy their troops at that initial stage was matched by another commitment by the United Nations to agree on a firm date for the completion of that initial commitment.It might be appropriate to further analyse the approach that countries with well-trained and equipped available troops should provide the first troops of a particular peacekeeping force, so as to allow other countries time to train and equip their own forces until they reach the required level.", "43.The group could also consider the issue of logistical support that Member States could make available to the United Nations, including strategic transfers.", "United Nations civilian police", "44.United Nations civilian police play a key role in United Nations operations.But the various police forces differ greatly in terms of training received and the methods used.The United Nations could consider a reserve planning exercise to also analyse the availability, types and training of civilian police to assess what type of police force is most appropriate for a particular mission.", "Role of regional organizations", "45.The United Kingdom supports a greater role for regional organizations in peacemaking, and possibly in peacekeeping.These organizations are fully aware of local conditions and can provide expert information on the background of a particular conflict.", "46.The possibility of strengthening and fostering links with appropriate regional organizations could therefore be considered.", "47.Regional organizations could also be used to help train staff for peacekeeping operations and perhaps for multinational activities.", "48.The United Kingdom supports the idea of job sharing and of regional organizations playing a greater role in their own areas of competence, in particular in the area of peacekeeping, while recognizing that the United Nations has primacy in any situation relating to international peace and security.", "ANNEX", "Some of the functions of planning staff", "and operations", "(a) To prepare information to advise the Secretary-General on all aspects of United Nations peace operations.", "(b) Develop comprehensive contingency plans and maintain a database on reserve units.", "(c) To make proposals on the need for forces, command, verification and communications, logistics, rules of engagement and training requirements and standards.", "(d) To liaise with countries and regional and other organizations, in particular in the areas covered by subparagraphs (b) and (c) above.", "(e) Support the Special Representative & apos; s reconnaissance missions and prepare military assessments.", "(f) To verify the implementation of the standards established by the Security Council for United Nations operations.", "(g) Provide support services 24 hours a day to ongoing operations.", "(h) To prepare post-operations reports for the Security Council.", "YUGOSLAVIA", "[Original: English]", "[26 August 1993]", "The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia supports the initiative and the attempt to define criteria and foundations for international relations and the role of the United Nations in the new conditions that have been established after the end of the cold war, especially in view of the Secretary-General's insistence on seeking to resolve all problems and conflicts by peaceful means.", "Since all recognize and accept the primary role and importance of the United Nations in all future processes aimed at establishing safeguards and promoting world peace, it is quite understandable that the basic approach and guidance of \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277-S / 24111) will generate widespread support among States Members of the United Nations, including the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia has made its own contribution to the preparation of the \"Programme,\" although the importance and scope of that contribution were often limited by United Nations sanctions; if there had not been such sanctions, that contribution would have been much wider and in accordance with Yugoslavia's wishes and possibilities.", "As one of the founding Member States of the United Nations, which participated in many peace missions under the auspices of the world Organization throughout its history, Yugoslavia has been one of the strongest promoters of the basic principles embodied in the Charter of the United Nations, such as peace, peaceful cooperation, confidence-building and the promotion of relations among States and respect for human rights, for overall prosperity.", "The new nature of international relations in the post-cold-war period, characterized by a desire for cooperation and not confrontation, undoubtedly requires the relevant structural and conceptual adjustments at the United Nations, in order to obtain more effective and appropriate responses to the challenges of the future.At the same time, Member States themselves, and among them the largest, most powerful and developed, must also adapt their own policies and positions.They should do so always in the light of the basic principles of the Charter of the United Nations, as a cornerstone that underpins all future activities of the Organization.That is because the United Nations has the most sacred of the missions, namely, the preservation of world peace and security, and it assumes the primary responsibility for the effective, impartial and just discharge of this role, in accordance with international law.The transformation of international institutions, and the United Nations in particular, to adapt to the new conditions will therefore be done through multilateral cooperation modalities and with the participation of all its Member States on an equal footing.The United Nations General Assembly is undoubtedly the most appropriate forum for all these activities.", "From a political point of view, it would be unrealistic not to take into account the ascending and powerful nature of the world's great Powers and their influence on the formulation of the new system of international relations.Therefore, in future activities related to the establishment of the system initiated with the \"Programme,\" a high degree of responsibility should be shown in the approach of all relevant factors, and of those countries in particular.If it were to move towards the promotion of the interests of some countries or groups of countries, at the expense of the interests of others, the basic intentions proclaimed in the \"Programme\" would be annulled.", "The future decisions of the Security Council on the crisis in the former Yugoslavia are eloquent evidence that the issues addressed in the \"Programme\" deserve to be addressed urgently and addressed without prejudice or bias; this, unfortunately, has not happened in the case of Yugoslavia.", "In the wake of the Yugoslav crisis, the United Nations established a peace protection force (UNPROFOR) with the specific task of protecting the population until a lasting political solution is achieved.In the field, UNPROFOR established effective cooperation with the European Community Observation Mission.The mandate of UNPROFOR was gradually extended, both in terms of the territory covered (in addition to the United Nations protected areas, it included the former Bosnia and Herzegovina, Prevlaka and Macedonia), and the tasks entrusted to it, which have led to peace operations in the territory of the former Yugoslavia currently represent the most important, complex and burdensome peace operation in the history of the United Nations.During its mission, resolutions authorizing the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter were adopted to ensure the delivery of humanitarian assistance and the establishment of safe havens in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.Close cooperation has been established between the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the implementation of the Security Council decisions on the no-flight zone in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "The Security Council, without having properly assessed the situation, adopted resolutions imposing unfair and partial sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.These sanctions, because of their severe and comprehensive nature, are unprecedented in the history of the United Nations and punish an entire people.Resolution 820 (1993), which isolates the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from the outside world and which - the insult is added to the injury - was particularly absurd because Bosnian Serbs, citizens of another United Nations-recognized State, had refused to accept the Vance- Owen plan for the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.The adoption of this resolution at that time was a manifestation of hypocrisy, as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had supported the Vance- Owen plan as a framework for the search for a just and lasting peace acceptable to the three participants in the civil war in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.The \"unacceptable lightness\" of the international community in the crisis in the former Yugoslavia has been confirmed by the events: the Vance- Owen plan has been virtually abandoned; however, the sanctions imposed against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia have not only not been lifted, but the emphasis on its strict implementation continues to be placed.Incoherence, and even arbitrariness, expressed in the face of the purposes and principles of the Charter, do not contribute at all to strengthening world peace and security, let alone to the adoption and strengthening of \"An Agenda for Peace.\"", "Against this background, the experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia & apos; s cooperation with the United Nations in resolving the crisis in the territory of the former Federal Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia is extremely valuable for the future work of the United Nations in the area of peacekeeping, the financing of the operation and the recruitment of personnel, but also an example of a dangerous precedent set on behalf and under the authority of the world Organization.", "In this context, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia feels obliged to make a number of comments on some unacceptable trends in international relations, which were particularly evident in the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis.From the continued commitment of Yugoslavia to the cause of peace and the basic principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law, as well as the experience gained in the resolution of the crisis in the former Yugoslavia, some positions on \"An Agenda for Peace\" are presented below.", "The importance and place of the United Nations in the establishment, safeguarding and promotion of global peace and security are irreplaceable.The United Nations is and must remain the main effective and impartial centre of all efforts to establish, safeguard and protect peace and security in the world.", "The Security Council is the principal executive organ of the United Nations, and the first responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security.This role of the Security Council was very evident during the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis.Unfortunately, some new and negative trends have also become important.", "During the adoption of the relevant decisions of the Security Council, especially those concerning the war in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina, there was a high degree of convergence, especially among the permanent members of the Security Council; as a result, the decisions were adopted unanimously, in contrast to the cold war period, a practice that in itself is not at all negative.This is, of course, a new and important feature and a sign of the consolidation of the role of the Security Council.That trend, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is convinced that it will share the views of many other countries in this regard, is commendable only if the unanimity of the Security Council does not reflect the absolute supremacy and arbitrariness of some of its permanent members, which other countries tacitly approve, or at least do not openly disapprove, aware of their inability, in a given relationship of forces, to exercise decisive influence and thus modify or even prevent the adoption of certain decisions.", "In view of the above, and without prejudice to the importance of the Security Council and the universality of interests and the need to establish a lasting and stable peace, the process initiated under the \"Programme\" must be involving all stakeholders, that is, all members of the United Nations, in planning for future solutions.The most appropriate form of such participation is through its activities in the General Assembly, and at the same time the role of this central body of the Organization needs to be significantly strengthened.", "As a State that has contributed significantly to the formulation of the role of United Nations peacekeeping forces and other United Nations activities, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia understands the importance of peacekeeping operations and their need for regular funding.", "The experience of all United Nations peacekeeping missions, and particularly those acquired in civil wars, as in the case of the former Bosnia and Herzegovina and Somalia, have shown that the priority functions of these missions include the provision of humanitarian assistance.The specific problem is to ensure the protection of United Nations forces.Given the complexity of these issues, an effective solution to the problem should be sought, ensuring a smooth administration of United Nations activities, especially when force is required, on the basis of strict observance of the principles of the Charter and relevant provisions of international law, as well as careful analysis and an elaborate approach that takes into account all relevant elements and specificities of the State and the region concerned.The United Nations should therefore only intervene in the affairs of a country if it was agreed by the country concerned.Above all, because the mandate of the United Nations is increasingly extended to issues that traditionally fall within the competence of States themselves, and solutions are increasingly sought through agreements providing for the use of force, either by the United Nations or through military assistance sought outside the United Nations system, an option for the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to object categorically.", "A previous international order, the removal of the basic principles of the Charter and international law, or even its flagrant violation, the application of a \"double standard,\" a deplorable practice used in the Yugoslav crisis, particularly evident in the international recognition of the forced secession of the administrative parts of the former Federal Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia, and the refusal to recognize the legitimacy of the international continuity of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, as well as in the establishment of unjust, partial and almost racist sanctions against the whole nation, are factors that are not only dangerous and leading to the tension of chaos, but also a source of constant peace and security, without doubt.The example of Yugoslavia provides many evidence in this regard.", "These elements are confirmed by the increasing and dangerous attempts to involve regional organizations outside the territories of their Member States (EC, NATO, Western European Union (WEU), Organization of the Islamic Conference, under the pretext of seeking their cooperation with the United Nations in the maintenance of peace and security.The obvious reason for this attitude is to meet, in this way, particular objectives and interests of a political, strategic or other kind.It is particularly unacceptable that efforts be made to use the United Nations as a screen for the achievement of particular and fundamentally expansionary objectives.The United Nations has a moral obligation to oppose such attempts.They also need to be given serious consideration in their discussions on the preparation of the \"Programme,\" to ensure that the Organization takes a new place and role in the maintenance of peace and security, and to promote progress and prosperity throughout the world.", "The experience gained in the Yugoslav crisis shows a trend that, if continued, could have a very serious impact on the future development of international relations.Specifically, the United Nations and its Security Council are today making much easier use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations.In doing so, they are increasingly deviating from, or interpreted in a very broad and sometimes even arbitrary manner, the basic principles of the Charter and the spirit of the rules of international law.The most obvious example is the decision to establish an International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia.It is obvious that a few countries had a decisive influence on the adoption of that decision, seeking to meet some of their specific interests by this way, and by misusing the authority of the United Nations.", "It is extremely dangerous for the Security Council to take its decisions in haste, on the basis of false and political accusations, as has unfortunately been the case many times in the context of the Yugoslav crisis.", "These precedents only in appearance consolidate the credibility and authority of the world Organization, do not foster confidence-building and do not constitute a model for the resolution of future conflicts.The unjust, partial and extremely severe sanctions imposed against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia are indicators of an unacceptable departure from the established principles of the Charter and the fundamental principles and norms of international law.", "A notable example of double standards and double standards has been the lack of awareness of the right of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to participate in the activities of the United Nations and other international bodies and organizations.This method of punishment of a State, which is a full Member of the United Nations, without any legal basis in the Charter or international law, is by no means the most appropriate way to resolve international problems and conflicts.It is particularly inappropriate in the case of a civil war such as that in the territory of the former Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in its international relations, attaches an absolute priority to the use of political means for the resolution of all conflicts and differences and, in that context, highly appreciates and appreciates the efforts of the Secretary-General to reach a peaceful resolution of some crises and conflicts.Therefore, in developing future United Nations activities under the \"Programme,\" special attention should be paid to the peaceful settlement of disputes and preventive diplomacy.In this regard, the importance of the International Court of Justice, whose role has been unjustly left aside, should be emphasized and its specialized and impartial councils should be sought and used more frequently in the future.", "The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is of the view that the measures of force and coercion provided for in Chapter VII of the Charter, in particular sanctions, should be used only as a last resort and once the international community has exhausted other means in the search for a peaceful solution.Coercive measures, and sanctions in particular, are not suitable for the resolution of an international conflict, especially a civil war, and have never, nor can they, replace peaceful and political means of solving problems and conflicts, in accordance with the Charter.If the international community were to choose, however, to impose coercive measures, that option should be based on the Charter of the United Nations and supported by the elements and explanations of the case.The procedure for adopting the above-mentioned decision and the decision itself must, without a doubt, arise from the fact that the situation before the Security Council justifies the adoption of the measures provided for in Chapter VII, and that the reasons for the Security Council's decision cannot be questioned.", "A comprehensive study of the measures taken against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under Chapter VII of the Charter, particularly the effects of the sanctions on Yugoslavia, as well as on the countries neighbouring Yugoslavia and other countries in the region, would indeed facilitate the consideration of the issues covered by the \"Programme.\"It would help to put all the negative experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the States bordering United Nations sanctions in the right perspective, and particularly the impact of such sanctions on the most vulnerable categories of the population, namely, infants, children, the elderly, and the sick.", "With a retrospective view of Yugoslavia & apos; s experience in the face of the international community & apos; s attempts to resolve the crisis, and especially the harmful consequences of United Nations sanctions, it is proposed that such sanctions be imposed very selectively and only as a last resort and have a limited duration.", "Given the serious consequences of sanctions on the overall socio-political life of the country that supports them and the countries indirectly affected by them, it is entirely relevant to call for particular attention to be given also to the establishment of mechanisms to provide financial and other assistance to countries that, without any fault, are adversely affected by the sanctions.", "The destructive and far-reaching negative consequences of current conflicts, especially civil and inter-ethnic wars - which have increased in recent years - indicate the need for future discussions to place particular emphasis on some of the issues covered by the \"Programme\" that are typical of the period following the cessation of conflict.In this context, in addition to the issues of economic recovery and reconstruction, humanitarian and human rights issues are of particular importance.", "In general, and bearing in mind the principle of justice, peace and security, as well as the problem of the relationship of forces at a given time, it is quite legitimate to ask whether, by their nature, sanctions should be mandatory or optional, that is, whether the decision to implement them should be made subject to the political will and assessment of Member States themselves.The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is a good example of the relevance of this approach.A significant number of countries consider sanctions against Yugoslavia to be too severe, unfair and partial, but they must implement them as a decision of the Security Council.", "The set of issues in the field of human rights and the guarantee of the continued application of the standards accepted by all must, of course, be the focus of the interest and activity of the United Nations.However, it is unacceptable, and absolutely unacceptable, that this sensitive issue should be invoked as a pretext for interference in the internal affairs of sovereign States, particularly in the event of intervention.The delicate and complex nature of the matter, and in particular the specific characteristics of each region and country, do not allow for arbitrariness and obstinacy.The responsibility of the United Nations in this regard is considerable.", "United Nations activities should not be subject to the exclusive interests of some of the countries involved in the activities or, guided by their particular interests, should aim to channel United Nations activities solely in the interests of the countries concerned.In considering the issues under the \"Programme,\" efforts should be made to establish a stable mechanism to ensure an objective and equal approach to the delivery of humanitarian assistance and to eliminate all bias towards States that are, as a rule, the main donors.It goes without saying that the continued implementation of the principles of the Charter and the relevant rules of international law should serve as a basis for any action undertaken under the auspices or through a United Nations mechanism.", "In this context, a unique reference point is the experience gained in the Yugoslav crisis, in particular in the civil, inter-ethnic and religious war in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.It is not necessary to clarify that civil wars constitute a threat to the fundamental human rights of all, regardless of their national origin.No one is innocent in a civil war.This must therefore be the starting point, in the delivery of humanitarian assistance and in the consideration of human rights threats in areas affected by fighting.The solution of punishing a single participant in a civil war cannot provide a good basis for a just and lasting solution.", "In that way, it is difficult to justify the punishment of a State that is not a party to a conflict, such as the sanctions imposed exclusively on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, on the unsubstantiated and absurd charge of having committed an aggression against the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.This is also evident for the main international factors, particularly those that initially requested and imposed their establishment.", "In accordance with the position of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in principle on the use of force and coercive measures, the sensitive nature of the issues related to the \"rapid intervention forces,\" to which the Secretary-General attaches great importance, is highlighted.These complex issues require careful analysis, to which all States Members of the United Nations must contribute, certainly those most directly interested in establishing a clear framework in this regard.", "In conclusion, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia once again announced its readiness to contribute fully to the development of \"An Agenda for Peace,\" as well as to the activities of the United Nations and other international organizations, in accordance with the principles and goals of the Charter of the United Nations and the basic principles and norms of international law.", "II.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS", "ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS OF SUDORIENTAL ASIA", "[Original: English]", "[26 July 1993]", "1.The United Nations is indispensable for the maintenance of international security and order.The Secretary-General's proposals for \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277- S / 24111) represent a new analysis and an innovative approach aimed at strengthening the United Nations role in this area, as reflected in the Charter.As a reflection of the new global strategic conditions, the United Nations can now more effectively perform its functions in preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding, which represent a key component in conflict prevention and resolution.However, new conflicts and problems have emerged at the regional and subregional levels, which pose new demands on the Organization.", "2.In the Asia-Pacific region, the changing global strategic balance has already brought about adjustments in the policy of the superpowers and countries of the region.In view of the current uncertainty, ASEAN has been committed to establishing, together with the major countries of the Asia-Pacific region, a number of mechanisms for ongoing dialogue and consultation on security in the region, with a view to anticipating and resolving problems, before crises or conflicts arise.In this regard, ASEAN and the major Powers can complement some of the United Nations role in the area of regional conflict prevention and resolution in Asia and the Pacific.In South-East Asia, the United Nations action through the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) culminated in the peaceful and fruitful holding of general elections in the country in May 1993.ASEAN would like the United Nations to continue to play its role in the region in preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peacekeeping and post-conflict peace-building.It also believes that the cause of international peace and stability will be strengthened by economic dynamism and social development throughout the world.", "Preventive diplomacy", "3.ASEAN endorsed the Secretary-General & apos; s view on preventive diplomacy and, in particular, proposals to develop the concept of preventive diplomacy through such measures as confidence-building, fact-finding and early warning.It is essential to define and limit potential conflicts before they erupt.ASEAN can contribute to regional preventive diplomacy, in cooperation with the United Nations.The principle of preventive diplomacy and the peaceful settlement of disputes is reflected in the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in South-East Asia.", "4.ASEAN supports in principle the confidence-building measures defined by the Secretary-General.The Partnership itself can be seen as a finished manifestation of confidence-building at the regional level.She introduced in the region some general concepts of confidence-building, such as the zones of peace, freedom and neutrality and the nuclear-weapon-free zones in South-East Asia.The ASEAN Declaration on South China is another example of regional confidence-building measures.The Association has also supported the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms.", "5.ASEAN welcomes the adoption by consensus of General Assembly resolution 47 / 120 of 18 December 1992, which, inter alia, includes some important decisions on fact-finding.Having endorsed the Declaration on the Determination of the Facts by the United Nations in the Field of the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, adopted by the United Nations in its resolution 46 / 59 of 9 December 1991, ASEAN notes that fact-finding missions undertaken by the Secretary-General, the Security Council or the Assembly should comply with the guidelines adopted by the Assembly, in particular the requirement of prior consent of the States concerned.Article 99 of the Charter allows the Secretary-General to request the Security Council to consider and take action on any matter that may endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, and this rule can serve as an element of preventive diplomacy.", "6.ASEAN agrees with many of the Secretary-General's proposals on early warning, that is, measures to establish an effective early warning mechanism, and the important role that regional organizations can play in this regard.", "Peace-building", "7.ASEAN supports the Secretary-General's proposal to strengthen the role of the United Nations Security Council in the peaceful settlement of disputes, as set out in Chapter VI of the Charter.The Council must remain the main body responsible for maintaining international peace and security and for resolving the issues that have generated conflict.The General Assembly, as a universal body, should be used when necessary to prevent or curb situations that threaten international peace and security.This has been demonstrated by ASEAN experience in the question of Cambodia.It is also possible to appoint special representatives of the Secretary-General in specific regions or countries to promote United Nations knowledge and to anticipate potential sources of conflict.ASEAN also believes that in the event of a conflict, the establishment of peace can be facilitated by international measures to improve the circumstances that have contributed to that situation.The effectiveness of the International Court of Justice should be enhanced.", "8.ASEAN also believes that, in designing sanctions regimes, the Security Council must take humanitarian considerations into account.In this regard, the Council should initiate a study on the effectiveness of the various types of sanctions in order to achieve the desired objectives.", "9.ASEAN supports the Secretary-General in principle when he advocates the use of military force on a temporary basis, in the implementation of the measures decided by the United Nations, if peaceful means do not produce results.With a view to improving peacekeeping operations, the experience gained at UNTAC, both in the field and at United Nations Headquarters, and the possibility of establishing a United Nations peace-keeping force could be further studied.When the forces meet, flexibility will be needed, as some countries will have to face constitutional constraints and problems with public opinion.The main component of the peace-keeping units will come from countries that are willing to offer strength.", "Peacekeeping", "10.ASEAN generally supports the Secretary-General & apos; s proposals for peacekeeping in terms of financial and logistical aspects.However, the Association believes that the United Nations should ensure a better cost-effective relationship in its peacekeeping operations.It also calls upon all countries to pay their assessed contributions and contributions in full and on time.The proposed peacekeeping staff should be highly competent, experienced and trained to address the increasingly complex tasks of implementing and implementing United Nations mandates.The training of staff for peacekeeping operations will be based on the United Nations standards and concepts for operations.", "Peacebuilding", "11.ASEAN shares the Secretary-General's view that peacebuilding should be seen as the counterpart of preventive diplomacy.Peace-building, especially after conflict, covers not only the solution of the political problems of institutional development and infrastructure, but also non-military security threats, such as the economic and social causes of instability.", "Financing", "12.ASEAN recognizes that a sound and stable financial base is a prerequisite for the efficient and effective implementation of all United Nations programmes and activities.This is particularly true at a time when the Organization is facing increasing demands and difficulties, especially in the area of peacekeeping operations.The United Nations currently manages 14 peacekeeping operations in various regions of the world.This unprecedented increase in the number of United Nations peacekeeping operations since its inception is, of course, a strain on its scarce resources, as the payment of assessed contributions and contributions has not matched the cash requirements for each operation.This deplorable financial situation of the United Nations still persists, simply because of the number of Member States that do not fulfil their statutory obligations under the Charter, which requires them to pay their assessed contributions and contributions to the regular budget and peacekeeping operations in a timely manner.ASEAN therefore called on all Member States to pay their assessed contributions in full and on time.", "Conclusion", "13.ASEAN welcomes and commends many of the proposals made by the Secretary-General in his report \"An Agenda for Peace.\"The Asia-Pacific region was in the 1990s under favourable conditions, and its member countries enjoyed peace, both with each other and with those in other regions.The major changes at the international level following the end of the cold war have generated some uncertainty, but they have also provided a historic opportunity for international cooperation to strengthen the prospects for peace and prosperity in the world.The world community has an obligation to take steps to save future generations from the scourge of war.The Secretary-General's proposals in \"An Agenda for Peace\" are important steps towards international peace and stability.When the effectiveness of the United Nations in the maintenance of international peace and security is promoted, the urgent need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to peace, development and democracy cannot be overlooked.The time has come for the United Nations to take the reason that peace and prosperity are interlinked, and to take concrete action and programmes of action.", "SECRETARIAT OF THE COMMONWEALTH", "[For the full text, see S / 25996 / Add.2]", "-----", "[1]The replies are reproduced in the form in which they have been received.The dominations used in this publication do not imply, on the part of the United Nations Secretariat, any opinion on the legal status of any of the countries, territories or areas or of their authorities.", "[2]* On behalf of the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden." 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"
"NqQ5c4ysuPMc5V6A4u/VZmD7DxUs5M2hjkD77HOjFi0="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/403/Add.1", "S/26450/Add.1", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS/ARABE/", "FRANCAIS/RUSSE", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.ASSEMBLEE GENERALE CONSEIL DE SECURITE", "Quarante-huitième session Quarante-huitième année", "Point 87 de l'ordre du jour", "ETUDE D'ENSEMBLE DE TOUTE LA QUESTION", "DES OPERATIONS DE MAINTIEN DE LA PAIX", "SOUS TOUS LEURS ASPECTS", "Renforcement de la capacité de l'Organisation des Nations Unies", "dans le domaine du maintien de la paix", "Rapport du Secrétaire général", "Additif", "TABLE DES MATIERES", "Page", "I. REPONSES RECUES DES ETATS MEMBRES[1] 3", "Australie 3", "Fédération de Russie 3", "France 9", "Namibie 15", "Qatar 17", "Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord 17", "Suède 26", "TABLE DES MATIERES", "Page", "Thaïlande 28", "Yougoslavie 29", "II. REPONSES DES ORGANISATIONS INTERGOUVERMENTALES 38", "Association des nations de l'Asie du Sud-Est 28", "Secrétariat du Commonwealth 41", "I. REPONSES RECUES DES ETATS MEMBRES", "AUSTRALIE", "[Original : anglais]", "[6 août 1993]", "1. L'\"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277-S/24111) souligne que la nature des opérations de maintien de la paix a évolué rapidement depuis quelques années. Les mandats sont devenus plus complexes; la taille et la composition des forces de maintien de la paix ainsi que le nombre d'opérations menées simultanément n'ont rien de commun avec ce que l'on a connu au cours des 40 premières années d'existence de l'Organisation.", "2. Ce développement des opérations de maintien de la paix et la diversification des tâches des responsables du maintien de la paix n'ont pas été, bien souvent, l'aboutissement d'un débat ni le résultat d'un consensus explicite quant au rôle revenant à l'ONU et à d'autres organismes, ou quant aux limites politiques et pratiques du maintien de la paix.", "3. Les demandes en matière de maintien de la paix dépassent les capacités actuelles de l'ONU en matière de planification et de logistique, et exigent des Etats Membres de nouvelles ressources financières et humaines. On s'accorde à reconnaître que l'ONU est trop sollicitée alors que son organisation, ses ressources et ses procédures ne lui permettent pas de faire face à toutes les demandes.", "4. C'est pourquoi il y a lieu de convenir à l'avance des conditions de déploiement des opérations de maintien de la paix, et de définir de manière plus précise les limites raisonnables de l'intervention de l'Organisation.", "5. Le Gouvernement australien est en train de réfléchir au meilleur moyen d'articuler ces conditions. Parallèlement, il appuie pleinement les efforts visant à améliorer l'efficacité des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'ONU. Il se félicite des récentes réformes visant à renforcer les capacités du Secrétariat en matière de planification, de logistique, de commandement et de contrôle des opérations de maintien de la paix. L'Australie continuera de jouer un rôle actif dans l'examen et la formulation de propositions par les Etats Membres, en consultation avec le Secrétaire général, en ce qui concerne les mesures pratiques à prendre pour améliorer l'efficacité des opérations de maintien de la paix.", "FEDERATION DE RUSSIE", "[14 septembre 1993]", "[Original : russe]", "1. Les profonds changements qui se sont produits dans le monde au cours des dernières années ont également modifié la nature des défis à la paix et à la sécurité internationales. La principale menace n'est plus la possibilité du déclenchement d'un conflit nucléaire entre les grandes puissances mais l'explosion de crises régionales de caractère national, ethnique ou religieux.", "2. Les priorités de la communauté internationale dans le domaine de la sécurité se modifient concurremment. La plupart des Etats concentrent maintenant leur attention sur les activités de maintien de la paix; il est donc devenu nécessaire de renforcer la capacité de l'ONU dans le domaine du rétablissement de la paix.", "3. La Fédération de Russie note avec satisfaction qu'au cours des dernières années, l'ONU, malgré les nombreuses difficultés qu'elle a rencontrées sur son chemin, a fait des progrès considérables, adaptant ses activités de rétablissement de la paix à l'évolution des situations. Il n'est pas nécessaire de mentionner ici les principaux faits et tendances qui sont bien connus.", "4. En même temps, de nouveaux problèmes ont surgi. Tout en comptant de plus en plus sur les efforts de paix de l'ONU, les Etats montrent souvent de la réticence à étayer ces espoirs par des contributions concrètes et à engager les ressources matérielles, techniques, financières et humaines nécessaires. Ils vont même parfois jusqu'à manifester leur impatience et exprimer des critiques, lorsque les activités de maintien de la paix de l'ONU se bloquent ou ne donnent pas immédiatement des résultats notables. La sécurité mondiale et l'avenir même de l'Organisation dépendront pour une large part de la mesure dans laquelle l'ONU pourra s'adapter, avec souplesse et efficacité, aux réalités d'un monde nouveau.", "5. Le rapport du Secrétaire général intitulé \"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277‑S/24111) a fait considérablement avancer la notion de rétablissement de la paix. L'examen approfondi de ce document par le Conseil de sécurité a démontré qu'il était urgent d'appliquer les dispositions qu'il contenait et de définir les priorités communes des Etats Membres de l'ONU.", "6. L'Assemblée générale a également entamé un débat de fond centré sur l'Agenda pour la paix, dont on attend les résultats avec intérêt.", "7. Dans ce contexte, la Russie appuie pleinement la recommandation du Conseil de sécurité tendant à ce que tous les Etats envisagent de participer aux opérations internationales de maintien de la paix et de les appuyer dans le cadre de leurs politiques extérieures et en matière de sécurité nationale. Ce principe fondamental est reflété dans les documents et instruments réglementaires que la Russie élabore actuellement dans le domaine de la politique extérieure.", "8. Les dispositions contenues dans la déclaration faite par le Président du Conseil de sécurité le 28 mai 1993 (S/25859) ont pour but de contribuer à préciser et développer l'orientation politique générale et les principes opérationnels régissant la conduite des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'ONU. Le document établi par le Groupe spécial d'experts sur la coopération dans le domaine du maintien de la paix, établi par le Conseil de coopération de l'Atlantique Nord a également apporté une contribution utile à la détermination de la base des opérations de maintien de la paix. De l'avis de la Russie, les dispositions contenues dans ce document pourraient être prises en compte dans l'établissement d'un rapport par le Secrétaire général de l'ONU.", "9. On pourrait améliorer considérablement l'efficacité des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'Organisation en recourant plus activement et plus largement aux ressources offertes par la diplomatie préventive. Parmi les nouveaux aspects de cette activité, la Russie accueille avec satisfaction le premier déploiement préventif d'un contingent des Nations Unies en Macédoine, en tant que mesure importante dans la recherche de nouvelles approches dans le domaine de la prévention des conflits. Le développement de la notion de \"zones de sécurité\" pourrait également présenter un intérêt.", "10. La Fédération de Russie est prête à fournir au Secrétaire général des informations essentielles, y compris de caractère confidentiel, afin d'assurer l'efficacité de la diplomatie préventive et des activités de maintien de la paix dans leur ensemble.", "11. La Fédération de Russie appuie l'idée que le Conseil de sécurité devrait utiliser pleinement les pouvoirs dont il dispose en vertu de la Charte afin d'engager les parties à un conflit dans la voie d'un règlement politique négocié. Elle se félicite des efforts énergiques et utiles déployés par le Secrétaire général au cours des derniers mois pour exercer ses prérogatives dans le domaine de la médiation et des bons offices, et estime que les consultations étroites et régulières qu'il a tenues en même temps avec les membres du Conseil de sécurité sont d'une grande importance pour l'élaboration d'une stratégie commune.", "12. La Fédération de Russie considère qu'il est important d'élaborer dès que possible des arrangements spécifiques en vue de l'application des dispositions de l'Article 50 de la Charte des Nations Unies. Il serait notamment judicieux de renforcer la pratique suivant laquelle le Conseil de sécurité recommande au Fonds monétaire international, à la Banque mondiale et aux autres institutions financières multilatérales de prendre dûment compte des difficultés causées aux \"pays tiers\" par les sanctions, lorsque ces organisations leur allouent des fonds.", "13. L'expérience des récentes opérations de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies, notamment en Bosnie-Herzégovine, au Cambodge et en Somalie, démontrent l'importance d'une coordination efficace entre la planification, la préparation, le soutien logistique et le contrôle de la conduite des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'ONU. Cela implique une interface clairement définie entre les contingents nationaux, une bonne organisation du système de commandement et l'élaboration de règles précises régissant la conduite des opérations et de critères pour l'emploi de la force. Il va sans dire que les opérations de maintien de la paix dotées de mandats \"difficiles\" exigent une approche spéciale, applicable également à la sélection de contingents de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies (compte dûment tenu de leur expérience et de leur efficacité au combat) et à l'utilité de mesures d'exécution, etc.", "14. Il est indispensable que les opérations soient lancées dans le contexte d'objectifs de règlement politique clairement définis et non pas seulement en tant que réponse de la communauté internationale face à des situations où elle se sent contrainte de \"faire quelque chose\".", "15. Une base financière saine est un élément vital du succès des activités de maintien de la paix. La crise actuelle dans ce domaine est due principalement au manque de volonté politique de la part des Etats de promouvoir la stabilité internationale par le biais des activités de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies, comme il ressort notamment du fait (cité dans le rapport Volcker‑Ogata, A/48/460, annexe) qu'en moyenne pour 1 000 dollars dépensés par les Etats au titre de la défense, 1,50 dollar seulement est alloué aux efforts de maintien de la paix de l'ONU.", "16. Il faudrait s'attacher à mettre au point des arrangements visant à assurer un contrôle plus rigoureux de la planification et de l'utilisation rationnelle des ressources humaines matérielles et techniques affectées aux opérations des Nations Unies. On pourrait notamment renforcer le rôle du Comité consultatif pour les questions administratives et budgétaires à tous les stades de la préparation et de l'exécution des budgets de fonctionnement de l'ONU.", "17. Il faudrait également examiner la question de l'appui financier au stade initial d'une opération en cas de déploiement d'urgence. La Russie est prête à appuyer la proposition du Secrétaire général tendant à mettre au point des procédures visant à accélérer l'allocation de ressources pour une nouvelle opération, dès qu'elle a été instituée par le Conseil de sécurité.", "18. La Fédération de Russie émet toujours des doutes au sujet de la création d'un budget unique pour toutes les opérations, car cela ne réglerait pas le problème essentiel du contrôle des dépenses et du renforcement de l'efficacité des opérations, et n'améliorerait en rien la situation en matière de trésorerie.", "19. La Fédération de Russie estime qu'il est grand temps d'envisager de diversifier les sources de financement des opérations de maintien de la paix en renforçant la responsabilité matérielle des Etats d'accueil et d'autres Etats ayant un intérêt direct dans la fin du conflit. Il pourrait être utile d'obtenir des ressources d'organisations régionales, des contributions volontaires, y compris de sources non gouvernementales et dans certains cas de recourir à des contributions en nature.", "20. Il est temps de prendre des mesures spécifiques afin d'examiner le barème des quotes-parts au budget des opérations des Nations Unies.", "21. Il serait particulièrement opportun, compte tenu des tâches actuelles de l'Organisation, d'examiner les moyens d'améliorer le mécanisme de rétablissement de la paix des Nations Unies indiqués ci-après :", "a) Il faudra renforcer les structures en matière de planification, de préparation et de gestion des opérations des Nations Unies et peut-être mettre en place de nouveaux mécanismes. Aux termes de la Charte des Nations Unies, le Comité d'état-major est chargé du commandement stratégique des forces armées mises à la disposition du Conseil de sécurité. Sa revitalisation mériterait d'être étudiée sérieusement. Si cet organe pouvait se concentrer sur des actions spécifiques et associer à ses travaux des représentants des pays fournissant la majeure partie des contingents (par exemple conformément à l'Article 47 de la Charte), il pourrait alors, sous la direction du Conseil de sécurité, assumer le commandement général des opérations, élaborer des propositions précises sur la coopération entre l'ONU et les organisations régionales dans un domaine donné, etc. La répartition des tâches entre les diverses unités du Secrétariat doit être définie plus clairement. La Russie estime qu'il faut renforcer la position centrale du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix et inclure, dans son personnel de base, des spécialistes qualifiés dans de nombreux domaines, qui pourraient être associés de diverses manières au lancement d'opérations urgentes;", "b) Il faudrait examiner sérieusement le commandement et le contrôle des opérations sur le terrain. Une direction efficace par le commandant des forces des Nations Unies, une étroite coordination des activités des contingents de divers pays et leur respect du mandat confié au Conseil de sécurité sont des éléments d'une importance primordiale. A cette fin, il est essentiel de définir clairement les relations et la coopération au sein du commandement des opérations (y compris leurs composantes militaire et civile) et d'établir un centre opérationnel unique qui fonctionnerait efficacement 24 heures sur 24;", "c) La Russie souscrit aux idées sous-tendant la notion de \"forces de réserve\" des Nations Unies proposée par le Secrétaire général. Le Conseil suprême examine actuellement un projet de loi sur la participation de la Russie aux opérations de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies. Après son adoption, la Russie envisage d'engager des négociations afin de conclure un accord avec l'ONU sur la fourniture de personnel militaire, civil et auxiliaire prêt à intervenir à tout moment, et de ressources et services matériels et techniques pour des opérations de maintien de la paix en cours ou prévues. La Russie a déjà donné à l'ONU des informations sur une partie des ressources dont elle disposait (deux divisions sanitaires);", "d) Il est indispensable de pouvoir lancer des opérations dans les plus brefs délais lorsque des accords fragiles dans des \"points chauds\" peuvent et doivent être renforcés par une présence des Nations Unies, en commençant par l'envoi d'observateurs. Le temps s'écoulant entre l'adoption d'une décision par le Conseil de sécurité et le début effectif des opérations devrait être considérablement réduit;", "e) En décidant de lancer une opération, notamment une opération de grande envergure, le Conseil de sécurité doit examiner non seulement son opportunité politique, son coût et les risques encourus par le personnel mais également le problème du \"retrait\" de l'opération. Il ne devrait pas y avoir d'intervention à durée illimitée. Toutefois, ce principe ne doit pas être érigé en dogme. Dans des cas exceptionnels, en l'absence d'un règlement politique viable, les Etats Membres de l'ONU devraient décider de prolonger l'opération car \"il vaut mieux une mauvaise paix qu'une bonne guerre\". La pratique consistant à inclure dans les décisions du Conseil de sécurité des dispositions liant la présence de personnels des Nations Unies dans des zones de conflit aux progrès réalisés vers un règlement politique devrait être appliquée plus largement;", "f) Il est urgent d'améliorer les procédures de recrutement et de formation du personnel, y compris le personnel civil. Il faudrait notamment préciser les critères de recrutement du personnel civil et normaliser les recommandations sur la formation de cette catégorie de personnel en vue de sa participation aux opérations des Nations Unies. Il serait utile de créer des \"contingents de réserve\" nationaux constitués de spécialistes civils volontaires. La Russie juge souhaitable que le Secrétariat de l'ONU établisse une liste indiquant les compétences exigées des candidats et les conditions qu'ils doivent remplir, qu'il transmettrait aux pays donateurs potentiels.", "22. La question de la sécurité du personnel a pris récemment une importance particulière. A ce sujet, la Russie préconise l'adoption des mesures les plus résolues, y compris celles qui consisteraient à poursuivre en justice les personnes et organisations coupables d'attaques et autres actes de violence contre les \"bérets bleus\". La conclusion obligatoire d'accords avec les pays d'accueil sur le statut des forces des Nations Unies constitue une solution partielle au problème et ne répond pas à toutes les questions. Toutefois, l'application de mesures énergiques permettant de défendre les contingents des Nations Unies ne devrait pas se transformer en opérations militaires de caractère punitif, ni entraîner l'implication de l'ONU dans des conflits internes.", "23. Le droit de l'ONU de poursuivre en justice les personnes qui emploient la force contre des membres du personnel des Nations Unies doit avoir un caractère juridiquement contraignant. Le prochain débat de la Cour internationale de Justice sur l'ex‑Yougoslavie pourrait constituer un précédent à cet égard.", "24. La consolidation de la paix après les conflits fait partie intégrante des opérations de maintien de la paix; sans cet aspect, les pays sortant de la phase \"active\" d'un conflit ne pourraient être reconstruits. La Russie souhaiterait en particulier que soient étudiées l'expérience et les capacités de l'ONU et d'autres organismes internationaux dans ce domaine en ce qui concerne la consolidation de la paix dans les républiques de l'ex‑Union soviétique.", "25. La Fédération de Russie juge utiles les propositions visant à décentraliser la responsabilité de maintien de la paix et du rétablissement de la paix et souscrit à l'idée de renforcer le rôle des organisations régionales dans ce domaine, conformément au Chapitre VIII de la Charte. Les progrès dans cette voie devraient être graduels, et une condition indispensable serait que le Conseil de sécurité assume la responsabilité principale de maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales.", "26. La Fédération de Russie se félicite de la conclusion entre l'ONU et la Conférence sur la sécurité et la coopération en Europe (CSCE) d'un accord‑cadre sur la coopération et la coordination, et prend note des efforts de la CSCE, de la Communauté européenne, de l'OTAN et de l'Union de l'Europe occidentale visant à régler le conflit sur le territoire de l'ex‑Yougoslavie, sur la base de décisions du Conseil de sécurité et sous sa direction politique.", "27. La question de rétablissement de la paix dans le territoire de l'ex‑Union soviétique revêt une importance capitale pour la Fédération de Russie. Les mécanismes collectifs de la Communauté d'Etats indépendants dans ce domaine de même que les accords régionaux sur le règlement des conflits dans certaines régions de l'ex‑URSS font maintenant l'objet d'une application plus active et la coopération entre ces mécanismes et l'ONU et la CSCE se renforce. En tant que partie à ces mécanismes et accords, la Fédération de Russie apprécie la contribution concrète apportée par l'ONU au règlement de ces conflits et est prête à renforcer sa coopération avec l'Organisation.", "FRANCE", "[Original : français]", "[28 juillet 1993]", "1. La France a pris connaissance avec satisfaction du rapport du Secrétaire général daté du 15 juin 1993 (S/25944) concernant l'application des recommandations figurant dans l'\"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277-S/24111). Elle se réjouit des mesures déjà prises.", "2. Conformément aux voeux exprimés par le Secrétaire général, le Gouvernement français entend contribuer à la réflexion en cours et communiquer les considérations suivantes.", "I. UNE MEILLEURE PREPARATION DES OPERATIONS", "DE MAINTIEN DE LA PAIX", "Le renforcement du Secrétariat", "3. La France se félicite de voir les moyens en hommes et en infrastructures du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix s'accroître de manière sensible. Cet effort doit se poursuivre tant au sein des divisions civiles que militaire de ce département. Cette montée en puissance, impératif reconnu par tous, constitue une nécessité pour répondre à l'augmentation continue des opérations de maintien de la paix qui demandent un suivi politique et militaire constant.", "4. Parallèlement, le Gouvernement français approuve sans réserve la démarche du Secrétaire général visant à dépêcher des missions d'enquête sur les terrains où l'Organisation internationale est appelée, ou risque d'être appelée, à intervenir. Comme le souligne le Secrétaire général dans son propre rapport du 15 juin 1993, la masse d'informations recueillies par ces missions, ou communiquées par les pays membres, doit être traitée efficacement. Pour cette raison également il apparaît indispensable de continuer à renforcer les moyens du Secrétariat, particulièrement la division militaire et la salle de situation du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix.", "Une planification militaire plus poussée", "5. La fonction de planification militaire est aujourd'hui aussi cruciale que le suivi politique des différents conflits en cours. L'Organisation des Nations Unies est amenée à déployer des missions de maintien de la paix unissant des Etats de tradition militaire diverse. Elle doit disposer d'une structure de veille et, à terme de planification, plus efficace pour prévoir les situations de crise, réagir rapidement et faciliter la planification initiale des opérations en fonction des contraintes très spécifiques des Nations Unies.", "6. Les efforts doivent s'orienter dans trois directions :", "a) Avant même l'annonce par les Etats Membres de leurs contributions, il devra être procédé à l'élaboration d'un concept opérationnel initial reposant sur un audit militaire plus poussé et, à terme, sur une ébauche de planification, en concertation avec le Représentant spécial du Secrétaire général compétent. Ceci doit permettre d'améliorer la qualité et le sérieux du plan d'exécution du volet militaire du mandat, traditionnellement décrit dans le rapport du Secrétaire général qui précise le cadre de l'action de chaque mission. C'est pourquoi une structure nouvelle rattachée au Secrétariat et composée d'officiers disposant d'une expérience solide en matière de planification devrait être mise progressivement sur pied. Elle devrait conserver une taille compatible avec la souplesse attendue de ce genre de structure;", "b) Dès le principe d'un déploiement acquis, cette structure devrait être renforcée dès que possible par des représentants des Etats contributeurs chargés de préparer la planification opérationnelle proprement dite, en liaison avec l'état-major à déployer sur le terrain;", "c) Par ailleurs, des cellules de planification générique existent déjà dans plusieurs organisations politico-militaires multilatérales, notamment à l'OTAN et à l'Union européenne occidentale. Les contacts et les échanges de vues entre l'ONU et ces organisations, qui disposent d'une expérience et d'un savoir‑faire reconnus, sont nécessaires et doivent être développés, particulièrement pour les zones d'opération couvertes par ces organisations et dans le cas où ces dernières seraient appelées à intervenir directement à la demande de l'ONU. Ces échanges devraient permettre de créer une complémentarité indispensable le jour où experts et soldats de ces organisations seront amenés à travailler côte à côte avec l'ONU sur le terrain.", "Un effort plus poussé en direction des pays contributeurs", "7. Les principaux pays contributeurs en effectifs militaires ont régulièrement exprimé leur souhait d'être informés, au cours du déroulement de la mission, des orientations et des décisions opérationnelles qui sont prises. Le Gouvernement français comprend ces demandes et considère qu'il serait utile qu'un comité de suivi informel, composé de représentants diplomatiques et militaires des pays participant à la mission en question, soit très régulièrement tenu informé, et le cas échéant consulté, par le Département des opérations de maintien de la paix sur les décisions prises ou envisagées. En résumé, s'il est nécessaire d'accroître les moyens d'analyse, de planification et de suivi du Secrétariat il est logique que, parallèlement, les Etats contributeurs soient collectivement mieux informés du bon déroulement de la mission.", "Une meilleure logistique", "8. L'ONU est de plus en plus souvent appelée par la communauté internationale à intervenir très rapidement dans des situations de crise ou d'urgence humanitaire. Cette responsabilité accrue implique que les temps de réaction de l'Organisation soient de plus en plus courts. Cet impératif suppose que l'Organisation dispose à tout moment du matériel nécessaire à la mise en place rapide d'une mission. C'est pourquoi il apparaît nécessaire de renforcer le potentiel logistique des Nations Unies.", "9. Le stockage de matériel d'armement et munitions nécessite un entretien coûteux et suppose un personnel qualifié, familier avec les matériels qu'il manipule. Pour ces raisons notamment il est préférable que le matériel d'armement demeure de manière générale sous la responsabilité exclusive des Etats Membres.", "10. L'expérience récente montre cependant que certains besoins sont constants d'une mission à l'autre. Le maintien de la paix implique le recours à des catégories d'équipement très spécifiques qui ne figurent pas systématiquement en dotation courante dans les contingents appelés à servir sous casque bleu et qui sont susceptibles d'être utilisées sur des théâtres d'opération très divers. Tel est le cas de matériel non militaire (préfabriqués, radios, téléphones, véhicules...) mais également de certains équipements militaires (communications militaires, véhicules de l'avant blindé, drones...). Il est nécessaire que le Secrétariat soit en mesure de fournir au personnel civil et militaire dès leur déploiement ce genre de matériels indispensables à l'accomplissement de leur mandat. On doit donc envisager que le Secrétariat se dote d'un petit stock central de matériels spécifiquement adaptés au maintien de la paix.", "II. UN MEILLEUR DEROULEMENT DES MISSIONS DE MAINTIEN", "DE LA PAIX SUR LE TERRAIN", "Contributions des Etats Membres dans le domaine militaire", "11. Face aux besoins croissants d'intervention de l'ONU, une réforme profonde du système de mobilisation des casques bleus s'impose. S'il est évident que l'Organisation n'a pas aujourd'hui les moyens d'entretenir des forces permanentes, il est indispensable que les Etats Membres préparent des forces mobilisables rapidement. Celles-ci devraient être constituées d'unités préidentifiées (\"marquées à l'oreille\") pour composer un ensemble de modules de forces, entraînés en fonction des tâches de maintien de la paix et équipés de matériels compatibles entre eux. Ces unités (modules de forces) seraient mises à disposition des Nations Unies et mobilisables à tout moment.", "12. Face à la multiplication des opérations de maintien de la paix, les limites actuelles des capacités des principaux pays contributeurs sont atteintes. Les Etats sont désormais conduits, plus que par le passé, à s'impliquer d'abord en fonction de leurs propres intérêts nationaux. A contrario, il arrive également que les pays contributeurs laissent apparaître leur manque d'empressement pour intervenir dans le simple cadre de ce qu'il est aujourd'hui convenu d'appeler \"l'obligation morale\" des membres de la communauté internationale.", "13. Le mécanisme des modules de forces devrait permettre de corriger en grande partie les tendances actuelles, de revenir au principe de neutralité de l'Organisation et de faciliter, par une concertation préalable, l'évaluation par le Secrétaire général des capacités réelles d'intervention de l'Organisation. Il devrait enfin permettre d'impliquer un nombre plus élevé d'Etats Membres dans les missions de maintien de la paix. Il serait en effet souhaitable que chaque Etat Membre se sente concerné par cette démarche et identifie, en fonction de ses propres capacités, la nature des unités qu'il est en mesure de mettre à la disposition éventuelle de l'Organisation. A terme, chaque Etat Membre devrait participer à ce processus.", "Une meilleure interopérabilité des contingents", "14. L'organisation logistique de ces modules de forces implique que tous les contingents appelés à être opérationnels dans des délais très courts disposent d'un socle de connaissances et de méthodes commun. Il apparaît donc nécessaire de concevoir une formation pour l'ensemble des unités concernées. Cette formation, qui s'inscrit en supplément de la formation militaire propre à chaque armée, doit être d'abord dispensée au sein des écoles militaires nationales. Mais l'ONU doit progressivement coordonner, d'abord au niveau des officiers supérieurs, puis en descendant progressivement dans la hiérarchie, des stages spécifiques permettant d'échanger concepts et méthodes. Ces stages doivent être organisés par rotation par les principaux pays contributeurs sous contrôle de l'ONU. Par ailleurs, des exercices communs (d'état-major) doivent être progressivement mis sur pied par l'ONU de manière à tester dans des conditions réalistes l'interopérabilité des contingents et à mettre en lumière les moyens de l'améliorer concrètement.", "Amélioration des moyens d'analyse politique et de suivi des missions", "15. Le mandat des missions récemment déployées comporte un volet politique de plus en plus étendu. Il leur est désormais régulièrement demandé de contrôler les administrations en place, de former de nouvelles forces de police, de fondre différentes factions autrefois rivales en une armée nouvelle, de superviser l'honnêteté de campagnes électorales, etc. Ces tâches répondent entièrement au souci exprimé par tous de voir les missions de maintien de la paix traiter également des origines politiques d'un conflit afin de permettre une consolidation durable de la paix.", "16. Cette responsabilité nouvelle nécessite que la mission qui en est chargée soit en permanence \"à l'écoute\" de l'évolution des positions politiques de toutes les parties au conflit. Ce souci de connaître le mieux possible le terrain politique local est d'autant plus nécessaire que les missions de maintien de la paix dont les effectifs se chiffrent fréquemment en dizaines de milliers d'hommes ne sont pas à l'abri de l'émergence d'un sentiment de rejet de la part d'une population, parfois manipulée par une minorité opposée à la mission en cours. Toute mission dit être en mesure d'anticiper les problèmes qu'elle risque de rencontrer et de faire comprendre aux populations concernées le bien-fondé des décisions qu'elle prend.", "17. C'est pourquoi il serait souhaitable que chaque mission soit systématiquement dotée d'une unité d'analyse politique, rattachée directement au bureau du Représentant spécial. Le rôle de cette unité, composée de spécialistes et d'experts internationaux de la région, serait de suivre attentivement et d'analyser l'évolution de l'environnement politique et des sentiments des parties en présence afin d'informer le Représentant spécial des tendances qui se dessinent au sein de la classe politique et de la population. Les analyses politiques de cette cellule devraient être également transmises au Secrétariat pour son information.", "III. UN MEILLEUR CONTROLE POLITIQUE", "18. La France est résolument en faveur d'un renforcement du contrôle politique sur les opérations de maintien de la paix.", "19. Les différentes étapes de leur déroulement devraient être suivies de façon plus étroite.", "20. La préparation de l'opération doit s'inscrire dans la logique proposée par le Secrétaire général dans l'\"Agenda pour la paix\".", "21. L'envoi sur place de missions d'établissements des faits, auxquels prendraient part des représentants du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix, outre qu'il répondrait pleinement au souhait commun de voir se développer la diplomatie préventive, permettrait de préparer le déploiement de troupes, en incluant les besoins, collectant les informations, et chiffrant les coûts prévisionnels de l'opération. Les rapports de ces missions devraient être transmis dans les meilleurs délais aux Etats Membres, afin qu'ils puissent prendre suffisamment tôt les dispositions nécessaires à leur participation éventuelle.", "22. La pratique consistant à désigner, pour chaque opération, un représentant spécial du Secrétaire général doit être généralisée. Cette désignation est effectuée après consultation des parties au conflit et du Conseil de sécurité. Le rôle de la représentation spéciale est de coordonner les actions des différentes composantes de l'opération (civile, militaire, humanitaire...), d'assurer un contrôle politique et non opérationnel des questions militaires, et de rendre compte régulièrement de sa mission au Secrétaire général et au Conseil de sécurité.", "23. La mise sur pied de l'opération dépend avant tout de la définition par le Conseil de sécurité d'un mandat clair. Sur ce plan, la France souhaiterait que les résolutions \"fondatrices\" des forces de maintien de la paix soient autant que possible plus précises sur deux points :", "a) La définition d'objectifs politiques finaux doit figurer explicitement dans le mandat de la force. Dans un souci de réalisme, ceux-ci pourraient être limités, et ne pas viser nécessairement un règlement complet de la crise;", "b) La définition d'objectifs d'étape doit également figurer dans ce mandat. Un échéancier et un calendrier d'évaluation devraient pouvoir être proposés par le Secrétaire général, dans le rapport qu'il remet au Conseil de sécurité au moment du lancement de chaque opération. Parmi ces objectifs intermédiaires pourraient figurer : le désarmement (partiel ou total) des belligérants, l'instauration et le respect d'un cessez-le-feu, l'envoi sur place de missions de bons offices.", "24. La gestion et le suivi de l'opération pourraient être améliorés :", "a) En développant les moyens encore trop limités de la salle de suivi des opérations du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix. Celle-ci devrait être ouverte non seulement aux membres de ce Département, mais aussi aux représentants militaires des Etats contributeurs, voire des membres du Comité d'état-major institué par l'Article 47 de la Charte;", "b) En utilisant le Représentant spécial du Secrétaire général pour rendre compte de façon régulière (une fois par mois) de l'ensemble de sa mission, du déroulement des opérations, des problèmes rencontrés dans l'exécution du mandat et le respect de l'échéancier préétabli. Le travail de la cellule d'analyse politique de la mission doit être porté à la connaissance du Conseil de sécurité, ainsi que tout autre élément (audits privés...) pouvant éclairer celui-ci;", "c) En envoyant de façon systématique des missions d'inspection composées d'experts mandatés par le Conseil de sécurité et lui rendant compte, afin d'évaluer la situation, et vérifier la bonne adéquation entre le mandat, les moyens de la force et les règles d'engagement, ainsi que l'homogénéité de leur interprétation.", "25. L'association des organisations régionales et des pactes de sécurité aux opérations de maintien de la paix doit être encouragée, sous certaines conditions :", "a) Le Représentant spécial du Secrétaire général reste le responsable de l'opération. Les représentants des organisations régionales et des pactes de sécurité agissent sous son autorité politique;", "b) La formule consistant à désigner un représentant conjoint des Nations Unies et d'une organisation régionale peut aussi être encouragée;", "c) Les représentants des Etats membres de ces pactes et organisations, lorsqu'ils contribuent à l'opération, doivent également pouvoir accéder à la salle de suivi des opérations du Secrétariat.", "IV. UN MEILLEUR CONTROLE FINANCIER", "Des principes confirmés", "26. La question du financement des opérations de maintien de la paix doit faire l'objet d'un suivi attentif et le Gouvernement français :", "a) Tient à rappeler son attachement au système actuel de budget par opération, qui garantit une bonne transparence financière de chacune d'entre elles, et permet un contrôle et un suivi individuel par les Etats Membres;", "b) Reste en faveur d'un financement par contributions obligatoires des opérations, seul moyen d'en garantir l'indépendance, et de leur fournir des ressources stables. Les contributions volontaires ne devraient être acceptées que lorsqu'elles émanent des Etats bénéficiaires des opérations, et lorsque ces derniers en ont la capacité financière;", "c) Souhaite que le lancement de chaque opération soit précédé d'une évaluation détaillée des coûts, et qu'un rapport financier soit communiqué aux Etats Membres avant toute décision au Conseil de sécurité;", "d) Soutiendra toute proposition visant à développer les audits des opérations en cours, ou, de façon plus générale, à permettre un contrôle plus régulier des dépenses et une information plus complète des organes ayant à en connaître (Conseil de sécurité et Comité consultatif pour les questions administratives et budgétaires).", "Un groupe de réflexion informel", "27. Les missions difficiles, complexes et longues que les Nations Unies ont dernièrement mises en place de par le monde ont mis en évidence certains problèmes auxquels se trouvent confrontés les pays contributeurs. Il convient que les pays qui ont une responsabilité particulière de par l'importance de leur participation aux missions de maintien de la paix, se concertent étroitement pour aborder, de façon informelle, ces problèmes cruciaux. A notre sens ce groupe de réflexion devrait en priorité se pencher sur deux sujets dont l'importance est unanimement reconnue et que dicte l'actualité :", "a) Le financement des missions de maintien de la paix pour lesquelles le rapport Volcker-Ogata (A/48/460, annexe) trace des pistes qu'il convient d'approfondir en vue d'une mise en oeuvre rapide;", "b) La sécurité du personnel engagé en mission et la nature des sanctions qui peuvent être prises contre les responsables d'agressions contre le personnel engagé sous la bannière des Nations Unies.", "28. Ce groupe de réflexion, qui doit demeurer informel et souple, pourrait communiquer le fruit de ses réflexions au Secrétariat, au Conseil de sécurité et à l'Assemblée générale.", "NAMIBIE", "[Original : anglais]", "[3 août 1993]", "1. La politique du Gouvernement de la République de Namibie en ce qui concerne les opérations internationales de maintien de la paix, a naturellement été influencée par l'histoire récente du pays. L'opération menée avec succès en 1989‑1990 par le Groupe d'assistance des Nations Unies pour la période de transition (GANUPT) qui a été le prélude à l'indépendance de la Namibie, a été chaleureusement appuyée par toute la population namibienne qui voyait ainsi se rétablir la paix et la sécurité. Le GANUPT était devenu synonyme de liberté.", "2. Le Gouvernement de la République de Namibie a fait de la paix et de la stabilité le fondement de ses politiques intérieure et extérieure. Grâce à sa politique de réconciliation nationale, la paix et la stabilité se sont développées et enracinées en Namibie, d'autant plus qu'elles sont inscrites dans la Constitution de la République.", "3. La politique de maintien international de la paix est donc l'un des piliers de la politique étrangère du Gouvernement namibien. La Namibie jouera son rôle dans le maintien et la consolidation de la paix dans la mesure de ses capacités et de ses ressources humaines et matérielles.", "4. Dans cette optique, le Gouvernement de la République de Namibie apportera son appui aux mesures pouvant contribuer à instaurer la confiance dans la région et à mettre fin à la méfiance et à la suspicion. La Réunion régionale sur les mesures de sécurité et de confiance en Afrique australe, tenue à Windhoek du 24 au 26 février 1993, a été l'occasion pour les dirigeants et les responsables régionaux chargés des questions de sécurité nationale, de discuter de questions intéressant la région. Elle a aussi permis, ce qui est plus important encore, de dissiper la méfiance et l'incompréhension mutuelles. Le Gouvernement encouragera et appuiera ce genre de réunions à l'avenir, de même que le suivi des résultats de la réunion de Windhoek.", "5. Dans le cadre de cette politique, le Gouvernement de la République de Namibie n'a épargné aucun effort pour rechercher une solution à la crise en Angola. Tant au niveau régional qu'international, ses ministres ont constamment cherché les moyens de résoudre cette crise. Le Gouvernement de la République de Namibie poursuit ainsi une politique active de diplomatie préventive et de règlement pacifique des différends, conformément à sa constitution.", "6. Dans le cadre de l'opération de maintien de la paix au Cambodge, sous l'égide de l'Autorité provisoire des Nations Unies au Cambodge (APRONUC), la Namibie a dépêché un contingent de véhicules renforcés de type Wolf pour participer à cette opération. Grâce à l'expérience acquise par ce contingent spécialisé, la Namibie est prête, si on le lui demande, à envisager sérieusement de participer à l'avenir, sous réserve des disponibilités financières, à des opérations de maintien de la paix en fournissant un contingent similaire.", "7. La Namibie tient à souligner qu'il importe d'accorder aux pays qui ne disposent pas des capacités de formation nécessaires l'assistance voulue pour amener leurs forces au niveau qui leur permette de participer efficacement aux opérations internationales de maintien de la paix. Cela vaut particulièrement pour un jeune pays en développement comme la Namibie. Les véhicules renforcés de type Wolf nécessitent un entretien. Lors de l'opération au Cambodge, la demande de l'ONU est arrivée à la dernière minute. C'est ainsi que seuls les véhicules en état de marche ont pu être envoyés, avec tout de même quelques défaillances qui auraient pu être corrigées.", "8. Le Gouvernement de la République de Namibie considère que le financement des opérations de maintien de la paix relève de la responsabilité collective de tous les Etats Membres, conformément aux dispositions de la Charte des Nations Unies. Le Gouvernement namibien s'est toujours acquitté régulièrement et intégralement de ses contributions. Toutefois, il y a lieu de signaler que le financement des opérations de maintien de la paix de plus en plus nombreuses deviendra un fardeau trop lourd pour les pays en développement, comme la Namibie. Aussi, le Gouvernement namibien souligne que le reclassement de la Namibie de la catégorie D à la catégorie C, comme le propose le Secrétaire général dans son rapport (A/47/484), doublera sa contribution aux opérations de maintien de la paix. La proposition qui vise à réserver la dernière catégorie (D) aux pays les moins avancés, alourdira le fardeau imposé aux pays en développement, comme la Namibie.", "9. La recommandation du rapport Ogata‑Volcker (A/48/460, annexe, p. 21) visant à créer un fonds autorenouvelable d'un montant de 400 millions de dollars permettra de mieux faire face aux dépenses de démarrage des opérations de maintien de la paix qui ne disposent actuellement que d'un montant de 150 millions de dollars. Cette recommandation mérite d'être étudiée.", "QATAR", "[Original : arabe]", "[2 août 1993]", "1. Le Gouvernement qatarien souligne l'importance du mécanisme de maintien d'imposition de la paix, conformément aux articles pertinents de la Charte. Il partage l'avis du Secrétaire général concernant l'importance de la diplomatie préventive afin d'éviter le déclenchement de conflits armés qui constituent une menace pour la paix et la sécurité internationales.", "2. Le Gouvernement qatarien souscrit également aux propositions du Secrétaire général contenues dans les paragraphes 34 à 44 de son rapport \"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277‑S/24111) en particulier l'utilisation des unités d'imposition de la paix dans des circonstances bien définies. Ces forces devraient être mieux armées que les forces de maintien de la paix, tout en étant disponibles en permanence aux fins des missions prévues à l'Article 42 de la Charte.", "3. Le Gouvernement qatarien considère que les propositions présentées par le Secrétaire général dans le rapport susmentionné concernant le financement des opérations de maintien et d'imposition de la paix méritent d'être étudiées et adoptées.", "ROYAUME‑UNI DE GRANDE-BRETAGNE ET D'IRLANDE DU NORD", "[Original : anglais]", "[20 juillet 1993]", "1. Donnant suite à la déclaration faite par le Conseil de sécurité le 28 mai 1993 (S/25859) sur l'application de l'\"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277-S/24111), le Secrétaire général de l'Organisation des Nations Unies a demandé aux Etats Membres de lui indiquer les aspects des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies qui méritaient d'être renforcés et de lui donner leur avis sur les mesures concrètes à prendre.", "Considérations générales", "2. Avant de décider d'entreprendre une opération de maintien de la paix, le Conseil de sécurité et le Secrétariat de l'Organisation des Nations Unies doivent soigneusement analyser la situation sur le terrain. Il faut à ces opérations des objectifs clairs et réalistes s'inscrivant dans un processus politique en cours pouvant apporter une solution, un mandat précis doit leur être assigné, les parties doivent y consentir, et il faut être sûr que les ressources nécessaires seront obtenues. Il faut aussi que l'Organisation des Nations Unies et le Conseil de sécurité soient sûrs que les organisations régionales ou les Etats Membres intéressés sont désireux de passer la main à l'ONU lorsque les mesures qu'ils avaient eux-mêmes prises n'ont pas donné de résultat et décider si l'ONU doit intervenir. Enfin, l'ONU doit soumettre les mandats en cours d'exécution à un jugement critique pour voir par quel moyen ils pourraient être menés plus rapidement à bonne fin.", "3. Le Gouvernement britannique félicite le Secrétaire général des efforts considérables qu'il a déployés jusqu'ici pour renforcer et améliorer la capacité de l'Organisation des Nations Unies de planifier et de mener des opérations de maintien de la paix. Des initiatives utiles ont été prises, surtout le renforcement du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix, la création d'une salle d'opérations fonctionnant 24 heures sur 24 et la mise en route d'un projet de planification de forces de réserve. Le Royaume‑Uni appuie les propositions visant à intégrer la Division des opérations hors Siège au Département des opérations de maintien de la paix.", "Commandement, direction et planification", "4. Il faut définir plus clairement les fonctions de commandement et de direction. Il est indispensable d'avoir un commandement unique aux plus hauts niveaux. Or, une telle unité n'est réalisable que si un seul département, au Siège de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, est chargé de tous les aspects d'une opération de maintien de la paix.", "5. La fonction de commandement proprement dite (c'est‑à‑dire le pouvoir d'affecter des éléments d'une force à des tâches et de les réaffecter selon les besoins) doit être laissée au commandant de la force. Le rôle du Siège de l'ONU doit être de donner des directives aux commandants et d'assurer la liaison indispensable entre les responsables politiques et militaires. C'est l'élaboration de la stratégie et non la planification détaillée des opérations qui lui incombe et ses capacités à cet égard doivent être développées.", "6. L'aptitude à réagir avec souplesse à des situations changeantes pour répondre aux exigences du maintien de la paix est le fruit de trois facteurs : capacité, compétence et expérience. Il faut aussi économiser les moyens, non seulement pour réduire les dépenses, mais encore pour pouvoir, au besoin, donner un coup de collier, et il faut enfin savoir gérer le peu de ressources dont on dispose. Le Royaume-Uni préconise, pour assurer l'application optimale de ces quatre principes, de créer un service élargi chargé de la planification et des opérations, une sorte de secrétariat général du maintien de la paix. Ces hommes et ces femmes, civils et militaires, dont certains pourraient être détachés par les Etats Membres, obéiraient à des règles professionnelles convenues et constitueraient le maillon essentiel du processus de planification stratégique de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, principalement au Siège, à New York, mais aussi sur le terrain. Ils viendraient grossir la cellule chargée de la planification et des opérations qui existe déjà à l'état embryonnaire et lui apporteraient la capacité, la compétence et l'expérience qu'il lui faut pour être efficace. Ils travailleraient selon des normes convenues et seraient chargés de tâches bien définies. Leurs fonctions sont décrites plus en détail en annexe.", "7. Le personnel chargé de la planification et des opérations constituerait le \"système nerveux\" de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, qui n'est actuellement prévu ni dans la structure ni dans le budget de l'Organisation. Il n'aurait pas de fonction de commandement, mais serait chargé de mettre en place un plan d'opérations jusqu'à la nomination du commandant de la force et de son état‑major. Il est important que le commandant d'une force soit associé à la planification dès le début. Des membres du personnel chargé de la planification et des opérations pourraient aussi être affectés à des opérations en qualité d'officiers supérieurs des états-majors des commandants de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Il faudra toutefois respecter un certain équilibre entre les besoins sur le terrain et les besoins au Siège, à New York, et ne pas ponctionner le noyau central d'experts au point de le rendre inefficace. Lors de l'élaboration d'un plan d'opérations, il faut tenir dûment compte du coût pour éviter de dépenser plus qu'il n'est nécessaire pour être efficace.", "8. Il faut aussi trouver le moyen de recruter du personnel habitué à travailler ensemble pour former le noyau d'un état‑major lorsqu'une nouvelle mission est entreprise. On pourrait demander aux Etats de désigner des personnes auxquelles l'ONU ferait appel pour remplacer des membres du personnel de maintien de la paix en poste au Siège qui pourraient à leur tour être affectés à une nouvelle mission. Il serait souhaitable que le personnel de métier formant le noyau d'un état‑major hors Siège soit constitué principalement de ressortissants d'Etats intéressés ou des pays prépondérants. Il pourrait être parfois fourni par une organisation régionale. L'idéal serait que le personnel d'état‑major ait été initié aux procédures de l'Organisation des Nations Unies au Siège et soit habitué à travailler dans un milieu multinational. L'association de ce personnel et du personnel du service chargé de la planification et des opérations qui apporterait la continuité et son savoir‑faire, contribuerait à supprimer les inconvénients que présente le rassemblement d'un état‑major multinational sur le lieu d'une mission.", "Communication et information", "9. L'Organisation des Nations Unies doit fournir aux commandants des forces des analyses politiques sérieuses fondées sur des informations exactes et récentes concernant la situation sur le terrain. Le meilleur moyen de rassembler ces informations est de s'adresser à des experts, qui utilisent souvent du matériel spécialisé. L'ONU ne peut pas se permettre financièrement de se doter d'une capacité interne en matière d'information militaire. Elle doit donc avoir davantage recours aux capacités que possèdent déjà les nations ou les organisations multinationales. Les commandants des forces doivent aussi être en mesure d'acquérir la capacité d'analyser les informations militaires.", "10. L'Organisation des Nations Unies doit mettre en place un dispositif de communication à l'échelle du système pour rentabiliser et améliorer les communications stratégiques. Un groupe de travail des communications pourrait étudier les moyens de permettre à tous les éléments (y compris les organismes) des Nations Unies qui participent à des opérations de communiquer efficacement entre eux. L'adoption de normes communes et la compatibilité sont impératives.", "11. Peut-être l'Organisation des Nations Unies devrait-elle examiner la nécessité de coordonner la fourniture des cartes nécessaires aux opérations et envisager de nommer un cartographe parmi les membres du personnel militaire.", "Déminage", "12. Le Royaume-Uni se félicite de la nomination au Secrétariat d'un conseiller en déminage. La coordination entre tous les organismes intéressés est capitale.", "Doctrine et procédures logistiques uniformes applicables aux opérations de maintien de la paix", "13. Le fait que les contingents des missions de maintien de la paix soient fournis par de nombreux Etats Membres est l'une des plus grandes forces de l'ONU, car c'est la preuve que ces missions répondent aux préoccupations de l'ensemble de la communauté internationale, et ne visent pas à servir uniquement des intérêts nationaux ou régionaux. Mais cet atout politique peut être une source de difficultés sur le plan militaire, car des contingents de diverses nationalités, de niveaux techniques différents et n'appliquant pas les mêmes procédures logistiques tentent de travailler ensemble, souvent pour la première fois.", "14. Fort de son expérience au sein d'une alliance multinationale, le Royaume‑Uni est convaincu qu'en publiant sa doctrine tactique, à partir de laquelle pourrait être élaborées des procédures logistiques uniformes, l'Organisation des Nations Unies s'assurerait des forces. L'ONU pourrait s'inspirer des procédures uniformes existantes, comme par exemple celles qui ont été élaborées par l'OTAN pour les activités multinationales.", "15. Ensuite, après avoir été adaptées aux opérations en cours, la doctrine et les procédures uniformes pourraient être diffusées plus largement parmi les Etats Membres. Les nations qui fournissent des contingents devraient bien connaître ces procédures et savoir les mettre en oeuvre, avant d'envoyer des troupes sur le terrain.", "Formation", "16. La formation doit demeurer la responsabilité des Etats, mais respecter les normes établies par l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour le personnel et les unités. Il faudrait envisager de constituer un ensemble de connaissances, dont les écoles militaires à travers le monde pourraient tirer parti pour former leurs officiers destinés à des postes clefs. Les Etats expérimentés devraient être disposés à envoyer des spécialistes collaborer avec des écoles militaires d'autres pays et les aider à établir leurs propres programmes de formation.", "17. L'Organisation des Nations Unies pourrait aussi étudier l'idée consistant à ce que les pays qui ont l'expérience des opérations de maintien de la paix envoient des équipes de formation accélérée dans des pays moins expérimentés. Cette formation, qui pourrait être organisée au niveau régional, serait particulièrement utile pour les contingents destinés à la zone d'affectation.", "18. Il y a peut-être pour l'ONU une possibilité de formation plus restreinte pour préparer le personnel destiné aux postes clefs des quartiers généraux sur le terrain. L'essentiel de la formation pourrait se faire par téléenseignement, éventuellement avec l'aide d'écoles militaires nationales ou régionales.", "Concertation politico-militaire - coopération avec les autres organismes", "19. Il importe de développer la compréhension entre les militaires et les civils, tant dans le cadre des opérations de maintien de la paix qu'avec les associations humanitaires et autres organismes intéressés.", "Observateurs militaires et observateurs civils de l'Organisation des Nations Unies", "20. L'Organisation manque d'observateurs militaires. Elle pourrait envisager de créer aussi un corps d'observateurs civils de l'ONU, composé de personnes ayant l'expérience de la diplomatie et d'anciens militaires désireux de servir les Nations Unies, qui fonctionneraient sur le modèle des observateurs militaires et doteraient l'ONU d'une capacité d'analyse supplémentaire, qui renforcerait l'action des conseillers civils. Peut-être conviendrait-il de constituer des équipes mixtes observateurs militaires/observateurs civils de l'ONU, dont les rôles conjugués faciliteraient les activités locales de liaison et d'établissement de la paix et qui, appliquant la même doctrine, appuieraient l'action du commandant de la force.", "Logistique", "21. Le Royaume‑Uni reconnaît qu'il faut améliorer la capacité logistique de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Il préconise pour commencer l'adoption de procédures uniformes pour tous les aspects de l'appui logistique, y compris le financement. Il se félicite des travaux entrepris par l'Organisation des Nations Unies à l'initiative du Canada pour élaborer des procédures logistiques uniformes, auxquelles il souscrit pleinement. Il est à espérer que les résultats en seront applicables à l'ensemble des opérations de maintien de la paix.", "22. Il faudra compléter l'élaboration et l'application de la doctrine logistique et des procédures uniformes par une formation des contingents. Un Etat Membre ayant les compétences techniques voulues pourrait prendre l'initiative d'élaborer un programme de formation.", "23. On peut envisager d'avoir recours à des entreprises civiles en lançant un appel d'offres international lorsque les conditions sur le terrain le permettent et que cela présente un avantage financier. Il serait toutefois indispensable de coordonner tous les aspects logistiques, y compris ceux qui sont confiés à des civils.", "24. Il faut aussi à l'évidence coordonner les mouvements de tous les avoirs, ainsi que l'évacuation des victimes du théâtre des opérations et les évacuations sanitaires.", "25. Etant donné que le personnel international de l'Organisation des Nations Unies ne pourra suffire à la tâche tant que n'aura pas été mise au point l'idée de secrétariat général de maintien de la paix, l'ONU pourrait combler les lacunes en recrutant davantage de personnel local pour des périodes de courte durée : spécialistes de la logistique, de l'administration, de la comptabilité, etc.", "Information", "26. L'Organisation des Nations Unies doit adopter une attitude plus dynamique à l'égard de l'information sur les opérations de maintien de la paix. Elle doit davantage faire appel à des professionnels des médias, étant donné l'immensité de la tâche afférente à chaque opération. Il faut apprendre au personnel du Siège et des missions à maîtriser les médias, à expliquer le pourquoi d'une opération et à en faire l'analyse à mesure qu'elle se déroule. L'information ne peut plus se faire exclusivement de New York. Il est souhaitable qu'elle circule plus systématiquement entre l'ONU et les pays qui fournissent des contingents. L'ONU pourrait recruter des spécialistes (ou même d'anciens journalistes) locaux pour collaborer aux missions.", "27. Le mandat et les objectifs de la mission doivent être précisés à l'avance au pays hôte. Il importe donc de bien informer le public dès qu'une mission de reconnaissance technique est envoyée sur place et de déterminer la meilleure façon de présenter le mandat et l'opération elle‑même au pays hôte et aux parties intéressées.", "Administration et financement sur le terrain", "28. Pour répondre aux besoins massifs des opérations en cours, l'ONU doit constituer un corps de chefs de l'administration très qualifiés, qui, conformément au principe de l'unité de commandement, feront rapport par l'intermédiaire du chef de mission au Département des opérations de maintien de la paix, à New York. Les Etats pourraient contribuer à leur donner une formation visant à développer la meilleure pratique, l'identité de vues et l'esprit de corps. Une préparation à de futures opérations pourrait avoir lieu sur le théâtre des opérations de certaines grandes missions en cours.", "29. Les procédures de recrutement du personnel civil, surtout pour des périodes de courte durée, devraient être simplifiées. Il faudrait donner des instructions aux entreprises qui fournissent régulièrement du personnel qualifié à l'ONU et les encourager à organiser leurs propres cours de formation.", "30. Le Royaume‑Uni reconnaît l'intérêt de déléguer plus de pouvoir, en matière de finances, aux chefs de l'administration de toute opération, à condition de prévoir parallèlement un système d'inspection régulière pour vérifier que les ressources sont utilisées comme il convient. Les procédures d'audit militaire sont tout indiquées pour les opérations de maintien de la paix.", "Matériel, coûts et financement", "31. Le Royaume‑Uni convient qu'il peut y avoir un avantage opérationnel à constituer des stocks renouvelables limités, éventuellement à partir de ressources non utilisées lors d'opérations en cours, pour pouvoir répondre immédiatement aux besoins de déploiement en cas d'urgence. Il ne perd pas de vue, toutefois, que le stockage, l'entretien et la rotation du matériel et les pertes dues à l'obsolescence seraient aussi une source de dépenses. Il faudrait donc examiner attentivement les incidences financières de cette mesure avant d'envisager d'y donner suite.", "32. Il faudrait aussi envisager d'avoir plus souvent recours à des contrats inactifs conclus entre l'ONU et des entreprises commerciales ou des pays pour la fourniture d'articles d'usage courant. Il faudrait négocier les coûts à l'avance et procéder à l'inspection des stocks.", "33. L'ONU devrait envisager d'appliquer à tous les pays qui fournissent des contingents un accord type de location de matériel militaire de pointe, plutôt qu'une formule d'amortissement.", "34. Il pourrait être utile d'étudier la possibilité de faire payer en nature une partie de leur quote‑part, jusqu'à concurrence d'un pourcentage limité, aux Etats qui ont du matériel militaire approprié en bon état, sous réserve d'inspection et de vérification et d'un accord préalable sur le coût de chaque article et les conditions d'entretien.", "35. Avant l'adoption d'un projet de résolution, un état des incidences financières aussi précis que possible devrait être soumis aux Etats Membres, de préférence 48 heures à l'avance au moins, pour qu'ils puissent l'examiner avant de se prononcer sur le projet.", "36. Le Royaume‑Uni approuve le principe selon lequel, dès l'adoption d'une résolution, le Secrétariat de l'Organisation des Nations Unies devrait envoyer des avis de recouvrement représentant 20 % du montant estimatif des dépenses pour répondre aux besoins immédiats de l'opération. Il faudrait pour cela disposer bien plus tôt des coûts prévisionnels. Il pourrait aussi être utile d'en discuter à l'avance avec, par exemple, les 15 Etats Membres qui versent les contributions les plus élevées. En attendant les réponses des Etats Membres, le Secrétaire général devrait être autorisé à financer les premières dépenses à l'aide du fonds de réserve pour les opérations de maintien de la paix.", "37. Cette solution n'est toutefois que provisoire. A plus long terme, rien ne peut remplacer le versement intégral et rapide des quotes‑parts. Il ne faut manquer aucune occasion d'enjoindre les Etats Membres, surtout les débiteurs chroniques, de faire preuve de plus de ponctualité dans l'acquittement de leurs contributions.", "38. Les propositions visant à améliorer l'efficacité des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies qui entraîneraient automatiquement une augmentation des dépenses devraient être financées par les économies résultant d'une réaffectation des priorités au sein du budget ordinaire de l'Organisation ou de celui des opérations de maintien de la paix, selon le cas.", "Contingents de réserve", "39. Le Royaume‑Uni se félicite de la mise en route du projet de planification de contingents de réserve. Pour que les forces de maintien de la paix puissent être déployées rapidement et qu'elles soient équipées pour les tâches qui leur sont confiées, il est indispensable que le Secrétaire général sache exactement quels contingents les Etats Membres sont disposés à mettre à sa disposition. Le processus de vérification est important. Il semblerait approprié qu'une partie des unités déclarées fasse l'objet d'une actualisation et d'une inspection annuelles. Ou bien, l'ONU pourrait adopter la pratique de l'OTAN (comme pour le questionnaire concernant la planification de la défense) consistant à envoyer des équipes pour interroger régulièrement les Etats. Le Royaume‑Uni est favorable au projet de contact avec l'OTAN.", "40. Le Royaume‑Uni a une armée de métier qui accomplit des missions diverses dans le monde entier. La nature de ces missions ne permet pas au Royaume‑Uni de réserver des contingents pour le service exclusif de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Il ne serait pas possible d'en garantir la disponibilité. Néanmoins, le Royaume‑Uni est disposé à examiner, au cas par cas, toute demande ultérieure à l'effet de fournir des contingents pour des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'ONU, compte tenu des ressources déjà engagées ailleurs.", "41. Le Gouvernement britannique collaborera donc sans réserve avec l'équipe de planification des contingents de réserve, qui doit se rendre prochainement au Royaume‑Uni, en lui expliquant le système de commandement et la structure de sa capacité opérationnelle, étant entendu que toute demande d'envoi de contingent est à examiner au cas par cas.", "42. Les pays qui fournissent les premiers contingents accepteront de s'engager à les envoyer tôt à condition que l'Organisation des Nations Unies s'engage à fixer une date ferme pour l'achèvement de la mission. Peut‑être serait‑il bon d'envisager que les pays qui ont des contingents bien entraînés, équipés et disponibles enverraient la première vague de forces de maintien de la paix, laissant ainsi aux autres pays le temps de former et d'équiper leurs troupes conformément aux normes requises.", "43. L'équipe pourrait aussi examiner l'appui logistique, notamment le transport stratégique, que les Etats Membres pourraient être en mesure de mettre à la disposition de l'Organisation des Nations Unies.", "Police civile de l'Organisation des Nations Unies", "44. La police civile de l'Organisation des Nations Unies joue un rôle clef dans les opérations de l'ONU, mais les contingents n'ont pas la même formation ni les mêmes pratiques. L'ONU pourrait envisager là aussi de procéder à une planification des contingents de réserve pour examiner la disponibilité, le type et la formation des polices civiles et déterminer quel type de force de police est le plus adapté à une mission.", "Rôle des organisations régionales", "45. Le Royaume‑Uni préconise de faire jouer un plus grand rôle aux organisations régionales dans le rétablissement de la paix et, éventuellement, dans le maintien de la paix. Ces organisations ont une connaissance approfondie des conditions locales et peuvent fournir des avis autorisés sur les origines du conflit.", "46. On pourrait donc envisager d'améliorer et d'encourager les contacts avec les organisations régionales compétentes.", "47. Le Royaume‑Uni pense aussi qu'il serait possible de faire appel aux organisations régionales pour qu'elles contribuent à la formation en vue des opérations de maintien de la paix et, éventuellement, se chargent d'activités multinationales.", "48. Il souscrit à l'idée d'une répartition des tâches donnant un plus grand rôle aux organisations régionales dans leurs domaines de compétence, surtout en ce qui concerne le rétablissement de la paix, tout en reconnaissant à tout moment la primauté de l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans les situations où la paix et la sécurité internationales sont en jeu.", "ANNEXE", "Le personnel chargé de la planification et des", "opérations pourrait notamment être chargé :", "a) De formuler des avis à l'intention du Secrétaire général sur tous les aspects des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies;", "b) D'établir des plans généraux d'intervention et de gérer la base de données concernant les contingents de réserve;", "c) De faire des propositions sur divers aspects des forces : besoins, commandement, contrôle et communications, logistique, règles d'engagement, besoins et critères de formation;", "d) D'assurer la liaison avec les pays et les organisations régionales et autres, surtout dans les domaines visés aux alinéas b) et c) ci‑dessus;", "e) D'appuyer les missions de reconnaissance du Représentant spécial et de formuler des appréciations militaires;", "f) De superviser l'application de la politique définie par le Conseil de sécurité pour les opérations de l'Organisation des Nations Unies;", "g) D'assurer un appui 24 heures sur 24 aux opérations en cours;", "h) De faire rapport au Conseil de sécurité après l'achèvement de l'opération.", "SUEDE[2]", "[Original : anglais]", "[20 août 1993]", "Activités en cours", "1. Les pays nordiques approuvent et appuient les efforts de restructuration du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix visant à renforcer la capacité de l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans ce domaine.", "2. Ils se félicitent tout particulièrement de l'intégration de certains éléments de la Division des opérations hors Siège au Département des opérations de maintien de la paix, qui, à leur sens, renforcera et optimisera la planification, la gestion et l'appui administratif des opérations.", "3. Ils attendent avec intérêt les résultats de l'étude de l'équipe de planification des contingents de réserve visant à améliorer et accélérer les procédures par lesquelles l'Organisation obtient des Etats Membres du personnel ou des unités constituées et du matériel pour entreprendre de nouvelles opérations de maintien de la paix ou développer celles qui sont en cours.", "4. Ils sont disposés à collaborer avec le Secrétariat, dans la mesure des ressources disponibles, pour trouver du personnel supplémentaire à mettre temporairement à la disposition de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'évolution de tâches précises de maintien de la paix.", "5. Les pays nordiques se félicitent de la création d'une salle des situations pour les opérations en Somalie et dans l'ex‑Yougoslavie et notent avec satisfaction que le Secrétaire général envisage une installation analogue intégrée pour l'ensemble des opérations de maintien de la paix dans le monde. Ils estiment maintenant indispensable de renforcer notablement la capacité de gestion opérationnelle, de commandement et de contrôle des opérations en cours du Secrétariat de l'Organisation des Nations Unies.", "6. Ils préconisent en outre la création d'une cellule de planification militaire au sein du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix, pour améliorer radicalement et opportunément l'efficacité du Secrétariat.", "7. Outre les mesures en cours, les pays nordiques proposent cependant d'envisager prochainement de donner suite aux propositions suivantes :", "Organisation et efficacité", "8. Il faut revoir et améliorer les dispositions relatives à la formation de personnel de maintien de la paix (militaires, civils et policiers), en faisant appel aux possibilités offertes par les Etats Membres, les organisations et mécanismes régionaux, les organisations non gouvernementales et le Secrétariat. Il faudrait plus particulièrement envisager de mettre en place un programme de formation du personnel clef des opérations de maintien de la paix en vue de constituer une réserve de personnel qualifié connaissant le système des Nations Unies et ses modalités de fonctionnement. Les pays nordiques sont disposés à explorer les moyens d'intensifier leur coopération avec l'Organisation des Nations Unies et ses Etats Membres à cette fin.", "9. Le personnel clef d'une opération de maintien de la paix doit participer à sa planification dès la première phase; l'idée de base étant qu'il faut dans la mesure du possible, que ceux qui exécutent une opération de maintien de la paix contribuent aussi à la préparer. Le Secrétariat devra à cette fin s'efforcer de signer le plus tôt possible, en concertation avec les Etats Membres, le personnel clef potentiel (commandants des forces et chefs de l'administration), des futures opérations de maintien de la paix.", "10. Il faut donner aux Etats Membres, selon qu'il y a lieu, des précisions sur les domaines de responsabilité des différents experts et conseillers, ainsi que des cadres ordinaires, du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix, pour faciliter la communication et la coopération entre les intéressés.", "Financement", "11. Les pays nordiques sont extrêmement préoccupés par la gravité de la situation financière des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Il faut prendre des mesures, en s'inspirant des propositions utiles présentées dans le rapport Volcker-Ogata (A/48/460, annexe), pour assurer un financement satisfaisant aux opérations de maintien de la paix, fondé sur le principe de la responsabilité collective et le paiement intégral et ponctuel des quotes‑parts. A cet égard, les pays nordiques soulignent qu'il importe de rembourser sans délai toutes les sommes dues aux pays fournisseurs de contingents.", "12. Tout en se félicitant de la création du Fonds de réserve pour les opérations de maintien de la paix, les pays nordiques estiment nécessaire d'étudier de manière plus approfondie comment financer adéquatement la phase initiale des opérations de maintien de la paix.", "13. Les pays nordiques préconisent de faire le nécessaire pour déléguer au commandant de la force ou au Représentant spécial le pouvoir financier et administratif de mettre en place une mission composite, qui serait plus efficace et plus rentable. A cette fin, il faut revoir le règlement financier et les règles de gestion financière de l'ONU, ainsi que les procédures administratives applicables aux opérations de maintien de la paix, pour permettre aux missions de mieux s'adapter aux situations nouvelles et à des impératifs donnés. Parallèlement, il faut s'efforcer de former efficacement le personnel administratif hors Siège, et de renforcer les procédures de contrôle interne.", "Accords et principes directeurs", "14. La conclusion d'accords relatifs au statut des forces est indispensable pour créer des relations de travail bien définies entre l'Organisation des Nations Unies et le pays hôte pour une opération de maintien de la paix. Le Secrétariat doit donc s'employer à achever l'élaboration de tels accords, de préférence avant la mise en place d'une force de maintien de la paix.", "15. Les pays nordiques tiennent aussi à souligner l'importance primordiale de l'accord type entre l'Organisation des Nations Unies et les Etats Membres fournissant du personnel et du matériel pour les opérations de maintien de la paix, d'autant plus que celles‑ci deviennent de plus en plus complexes. Ils prient instamment le Secrétariat de conclure des accords de cette nature avec les Etats Membres qui fournissent des contingents.", "THAILANDE", "[Original : anglais]", "[21 juillet 1993]", "I. PRINCIPES GENERAUX", "1. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais est convaincu que, selon les termes du Secrétaire général, \"la pierre angulaire de l'édifice est et doit demeurer l'Etat\". Le respect de la souveraineté et de l'intégrité des Etats est donc capital dans toute entreprise de la communauté internationale et de l'Organisation des Nations Unies.", "2. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais suit avec un vif intérêt le déroulement des activités d'imposition de la paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Ces activités comportant de nouveaux risques graves, il estime qu'il faut soigneusement peser les avantages et les inconvénients de chaque opération. Dans certains cas, elles peuvent avoir des effets négatifs, surtout lorsqu'elles n'ont pas recueilli l'assentiment de toutes les parties au conflit.", "3. L'idée du Secrétaire général d'envoyer du personnel de maintien de la paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans des \"zones d'instabilité et de crise potentielle\" pour prévenir des hostilités éventuelles mérite d'être attentivement examinée. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais estime qu'il faut définir avec plus de précision l'ampleur et les circonstances d'une telle intervention.", "II. CAPACITE DU SECRETARIAT", "4. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais se félicite de la récente expansion du Bureau du Conseiller militaire. Il souscrit en outre pleinement à l'idée d'intégrer la Division des opérations hors Siège au Département des opérations de maintien de la paix.", "III. PLANIFICATION", "5. Tout le monde s'accorde à reconnaître qu'il faut améliorer les procédures de planification. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais pense qu'il faut désigner les commandants des forces le plus tôt possible et les faire directement participer à la planification préliminaire pour qu'ils puissent donner leur avis en temps utile sur la composition et les besoins de la force et permettre ainsi aux pays fournissant des contingents de préparer ces derniers efficacement. Il faut en outre, améliorer les procédures pour les achats et la logistique.", "IV. COMMANDEMENT ET CONTROLE", "6. L'expansion rapide des activités de maintien de la paix exige que l'on mette en place d'urgence une salle des situations ou un centre des opérations pleinement fonctionnel au Siège de l'ONU. Pour le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais, l'installation doit, au minimum, centraliser les communications et les informations concernant les opérations de maintien de la paix. Par la suite, on pourra lui intégrer les services de logistique, de planification et de renseignement nécessaires aux opérations.", "V. FORMATION", "7. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais est convaincu que le succès des activités de maintien de la paix dépend pour beaucoup de la qualité de la formation du personnel. Il est évident que cette formation doit tenir compte des normes et des principes approuvés pour les opérations. L'idée d'élaborer un manuel général des concepts et procédures logistiques de l'Organisation des Nations Unies est des plus opportunes. La possibilité de créer des centres de formation régionaux mérite aussi d'être étudiée sérieusement. En effet, la coopération régionale, en permettant un échange de l'expérience acquise, rendrait les Etats Membres mieux aptes et préparés à contribuer aux opérations de maintien de la paix.", "VI. FINANCEMENT", "8. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais s'inquiète depuis longtemps de la précarité du financement des opérations de maintien de la paix. Il est fermement convaincu que l'action de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en la matière est trop importante pour le maintien de la paix dans le monde pour être tributaire des restrictions financières et budgétaires. La clef de la solution de ce problème épineux réside toujours, à son avis, dans le paiement intégral et ponctuel des quotes‑parts par les Etats Membres. Il faut toutefois aussi sérieusement explorer les approches audacieuses et novatrices proposées par le Secrétaire général dans l'\"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277‑S/24111).", "VII. SECURITE DU PERSONNEL", "9. En tant que pays fournisseur de contingents, la Thaïlande est gravement préoccupée par le nombre croissant des victimes parmi le personnel de maintien de la paix et autre. Le Gouvernement royal thaïlandais espère que les mesures recommandées par l'Assemblée générale dans sa résolution 47/72 du 14 décembre 1992 seront mises en oeuvre en temps utile.", "YOUGOSLAVIE", "[Original : anglais]", "[26 août 1993]", "1. La République fédérative de Yougoslavie appuie l'initiative et les efforts visant à définir les critères et fondements des relations internationales ainsi que le rôle de l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans le contexte de l'après‑guerre froide, et approuve en particulier la détermination du Secrétaire général à rechercher des solutions pacifiques à tous les problèmes et conflits.", "2. Etant donné que le rôle essentiel que doit jouer l'Organisation à l'avenir pour instaurer, sauvegarder et promouvoir la paix mondiale est largement reconnu et accepté, il est tout à fait normal que l'approche et les orientations fondamentales de l'\"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277‑S/24111) bénéficient d'un large soutien auprès des Etats Membres, y compris la République fédérative de Yougoslavie. La Yougoslavie a effectivement contribué aux activités liées à la préparation de l'\"Agenda\", bien que l'importance et la portée de sa contribution aient souvent été limitées du fait des sanctions imposées par les Nations Unies, sanctions sans lesquelles cette contribution aurait été beaucoup plus importante et conforme à ce que la Yougoslavie était en mesure et avait eu l'intention d'offrir.", "3. En tant que l'un des Etats Membres fondateurs de l'Organisation des Nations Unies et ayant participé à de nombreuses missions de maintien de la paix sous les auspices de l'ONU tout au long de l'histoire de l'Organisation, la Yougoslavie s'est toujours montrée l'un des plus fidèles soutiens des principes fondamentaux énoncés dans la Charte des Nations Unies, tels que la paix, la coopération pacifique, les mesures de confiance et la promotion des relations entre les Etats ainsi que le respect des droits de l'homme en vue du renforcement de la prospérité générale.", "4. Il est évident que la qualité nouvelle des relations internationales de l'après‑guerre froide, caractérisées par un désir de coopération plutôt que d'affrontement, nécessite un ajustement à la fois structurel et conceptuel approprié de l'Organisation, de nature à renforcer son efficacité et sa capacité d'apporter des réponses adéquates aux défis à venir. Parallèlement, les Etats Membres eux‑mêmes, y compris les plus grands, les plus puissants et les plus développés d'entre eux, doivent également adapter leurs politiques et leurs vues respectives. Ce faisant, ils ne doivent jamais perdre de vue que les principes fondamentaux de la Charte des Nations Unies constituent la pierre angulaire sur laquelle toutes les activités futures de l'Organisation doivent être fondées. En effet, l'Organisation des Nations Unies, qui a été chargée d'une mission sacrée entre toutes, à savoir la préservation de la paix et de la sécurité internationales, doit avant tout s'en acquitter de manière efficace, impartiale et juste conformément au droit international. En conséquence, la réforme des institutions internationales en particulier celle de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en fonction des nouvelles nécessités doit s'accomplir par le biais d'une coopération de type multilatéral avec la participation de tous les Etats Membres sur un pied d'égalité. Il n'est pas douteux que l'Assemblée générale des Nations Unies constitue le cadre le plus approprié pour toutes ces activités.", "5. Ce serait faire preuve de naïveté politique que de sous‑estimer le poids et le pouvoir des Etats les plus puissants du monde et leur influence sur la définition du futur système de relations internationales. En conséquence, les activités futures liées à la mise en place du système préconisé par l'\"Agenda\" doivent être menées en considérant tous les facteurs pertinents, de manière extrêmement réfléchie, en particulier dans le cas de ces pays. Si la suite des événements devait faire apparaître que la promotion des intérêts de certains pays ou de certains groupes de pays se fait au détriment des intérêts d'autres pays, les intentions de base proclamées dans l'\"Agenda\" deviendraient lettre morte.", "6. Les décisions adoptées ou devant être adoptées par le Conseil de sécurité au sujet de la crise concernant l'ex‑Yougoslavie sont la preuve éloquente que les questions traitées dans l'\"Agenda\" méritent une attention urgente et doivent être abordées sans parti pris, ce qui n'a malheureusement pas été le cas en ce qui concerne la Yougoslavie.", "7. Dès le début de la crise yougoslave, les Nations Unies ont mis en place une Force de protection (FORPRONU) ayant pour mission spécifique de protéger la population, en attendant qu'une solution politique durable soit trouvée. Sur le terrain, la FORPRONU a mis en place une coopération effective avec la Mission de vérification de la Communauté européenne. Le mandat de la FORPRONU a été progressivement élargi, tant du point de vue territorial (outre les zones protégées par les Nations Unies, il s'étend à l'ex-Bosnie‑Herzégovine, à la presqu'île de Prevlaka et à la Macédoine) que sur le plan de la mission proprement dite, si bien que l'opération de maintien de la paix en cours sur le territoire de l'ex‑Yougoslavie est devenue la plus vaste, la plus complexe et la plus coûteuse de toute l'histoire de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Depuis le début de cette mission, des résolutions ont été adoptées qui autorisent l'usage de la force dans le cadre du Chapitre VII de la Charte afin d'assurer l'acheminement de l'aide humanitaire et d'imposer des zones de sécurité dans l'ex‑Bosnie‑Herzégovine. Une coopération étroite a été établie entre l'Organisation des Nations Unies et l'Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord (OTAN) en vue de l'application des décisions du Conseil de sécurité relatives à la zone d'exclusion aérienne instituée dans l'ex‑Bosnie‑Herzégovine.", "8. Sans évaluation préalable adéquate de la situation, le Conseil de sécurité a adopté les résolutions imposant des sanctions injustes et inéquitables à l'encontre de la République fédérative de Yougoslavie. Par leur sévérité et leur caractère global, ces sanctions sont sans précédent dans l'histoire de l'Organisation et pénalisent tout un peuple. Particulièrement absurde est la résolution 820 (1993) isolant la République fédérative de Yougoslavie du monde extérieur : ajoutant l'insulte au préjudice, cette résolution a été adoptée parce que les Serbes de Bosnie, citoyens d'un autre Etat reconnu par l'Organisation des Nations Unies, avaient refusé d'accepter le plan Vance‑Owen pour l'ex-Bosnie-Herzégovine. L'adoption de cette résolution à ce moment n'était qu'une façon de prendre une attitude moralisatrice puisque la République fédérative de Yougoslavie avait accepté le plan Vance‑Owen en tant que cadre pour la recherche d'une paix juste et durable qui soit acceptable par les trois parties belligérantes de la guerre civile en ex-Bosnie-Herzégovine. L'\"insoutenable légèreté\" dont la communauté internationale a fait preuve dans la gestion de la crise concernant l'ex‑Yougoslavie a été confirmée par les événements : le plan Vance‑Owen a été pratiquement abandonné, mais non seulement les sanctions imposées à la République fédérative de Yougoslavie n'ont pas été levées, on continue au contraire d'insister pour qu'elles soient strictement appliquées. Cette incohérence voire cet arbitraire dans la défense des principes et objectifs de la Charte sont loin de contribuer au renforcement de la paix et de la sécurité internationales, et bien moins encore à l'adoption et à la confirmation de l'\"Agenda pour la paix\".", "9. Dans ce contexte, l'expérience de la République fédérative de Yougoslavie dans sa coopération avec l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans le cadre de la recherche d'une solution à la crise qui se déroule sur le territoire de l'ex‑République socialiste fédérative de Yougoslavie est d'une grande valeur pour les activités futures de l'Organisation dans le domaine du maintien de la paix, de son financement et du recrutement du personnel nécessaire, mais aussi en temps qu'exemple de dangereux précédents créés au nom et sous l'autorité de l'Organisation mondiale.", "10. Dans ce contexte, la République fédérative de Yougoslavie considère de son devoir de faire quelques observations sur certaines tendances inadmissibles en matière de relations internationales qui ont été particulièrement manifestes dans le processus de résolution de la crise yougoslave. Se fondant sur son engagement permanent en faveur de la paix et sur les principes fondamentaux de la Charte des Nations Unies et du droit international ainsi que sur l'expérience acquise dans la recherche d'une solution à cette crise, la Yougoslavie présente ci‑après un certain nombre de remarques sur l'\"Agenda pour la paix\".", "11. L'importance et le rôle de l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans l'instauration, la préservation et la promotion de la paix et de la sécurité internationales sont irremplaçables. L'Organisation est et doit rester le principal centre efficace et impartial de toutes les activités visant à instaurer, préserver et protéger la paix et la sécurité internationales.", "12. Le Conseil de sécurité, le principal organe exécutif de l'Organisation, est responsable au premier chef du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales. Ce rôle du Conseil de sécurité a été particulièrement mis en évidence durant la recherche d'une solution à la crise yougoslave. Malheureusement, certaines tendances négatives sont également apparues.", "13. Lors de l'adoption des décisions pertinentes au Conseil de sécurité, en particulier celles concernant la guerre en ex‑Bosnie‑Herzégovine, un large consensus a été atteint, en particulier entre les membres permanents du Conseil de sécurité, de sorte que ces décisions ont été généralement adoptées à l'unanimité, au contraire de ce qui se produisait durant la guerre froide, ce qui est loin d'être négatif en soi. C'est là indiscutablement un important progrès et un signe du renforcement du rôle du Conseil de sécurité. Mais, la République fédérative de Yougoslavie estime et c'est là, selon elle, une opinion partagée par de nombreux autres pays que cette évolution n'est louable que si l'unanimité au sein du Conseil de sécurité n'est pas le résultat de la suprématie absolue et du rôle arbitraire de certains de ses membres permanents, que les autres pays acceptent de manière tacite ou du moins ne désapprouvent pas ouvertement, conscients de leur incapacité d'exercer une influence décisive et donc de modifier ou d'empêcher l'adoption de certaines décisions.", "14. Cela étant, et sans préjudice de l'importance du Conseil de sécurité, de l'universalité des intérêts et de la nécessité d'instaurer une paix stable et durable, les processus préconisés dans le cadre de l'\"Agenda\" doivent faire participer tous les intéressés, tous les Etats Membres de l'Organisation, à l'élaboration des solutions futures. La forme la plus appropriée de leur participation consisterait dans leur activité au sein de l'Assemblée générale dont le rôle, en tant que principal organe de l'Organisation, devrait être considérablement renforcé.", "15. En tant qu'Etat ayant grandement contribué à la définition du rôle des forces de maintien de la paix et d'autres activités de l'Organisation, la République fédérative de Yougoslavie reconnaît l'importance des opérations de maintien de la paix de l'ONU et de leur financement régulier.", "16. L'expérience de toutes les missions de maintien de la paix de l'ONU, en particulier celle acquise dans les guerres civiles, comme c'est le cas dans l'ex‑Bosnie‑Herzégovine et en Somalie, a montré que l'un des rôles prioritaires de ces missions consiste à fournir une assistance humanitaire. Le problème particulier est d'assurer la protection des forces de l'ONU. Etant donné la complexité de ces questions, toute solution efficace à ce problème qui permettrait d'assurer un bon déroulement des activités de l'Organisation, en particulier celles qui impliquent le recours à la force, doit être recherchée dans le cadre d'une stricte observation des principes de la Charte et des dispositions pertinentes du droit international et sur la base d'un concept mûrement réfléchi et soigneusement mis au point, tenant compte de tous les éléments pertinents et des spécificités de l'Etat et de la région en cause. L'Organisation des Nations Unies ne devrait donc s'engager dans un pays donné qu'avec le consentement de celui-ci, et cela d'autant plus que le mandat de l'Organisation est de plus en plus fréquemment étendu à des domaines relevant traditionnellement de la compétence des Etats eux‑mêmes, et que l'on s'oriente de plus en plus vers des solutions comportant l'usage de la force, soit directement par l'ONU, soit en ayant recours à une assistance militaire extérieure au système des Nations Unies ce contre quoi la République fédérative de Yougoslavie s'élève énergiquement.", "17. Un futur ordre international qui serait fondé sur des précédents s'écarterait des principes fondamentaux de la Charte et du droit international, ou les violerait même de façon flagrante et appliquerait deux poids deux mesures - comme ce fut malheureusement le cas pour la gestion de la crise yougoslave, illustré en particulier par la sécession forcée d'entités administratives de l'ex‑République socialiste fédérative de Yougoslavie et le refus de la communauté internationale de reconnaître le droit de succession de la République fédérative de Yougoslavie sur le plan international, ainsi que par l'imposition de sanctions injustes, iniques et quasiment racistes à toute une nation un tel ordre non seulement serait dangereux et conduirait au chaos, mais constituerait sans doute aussi une source permanente de tensions, de conflits et de menaces pour la paix et à la sécurité. L'exemple yougoslave offre d'abondantes preuves à cet égard.", "18. Parmi ces preuves foisonnent les tentatives toujours plus fréquentes et plus dangereuses en vue d'amener des organisations régionales à s'engager hors des territoires de leurs Etats membres [Communauté européenne, OTAN, Union de l'Europe occidentale (UEO) et Organisation de la Conférence islamique (OCI)] sous prétexte de coopération avec l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité. Il est évident que cela permet de concrétiser ainsi des objectifs et intérêts politiques, stratégiques et autres. Mais ce qui est particulièrement inacceptable, c'est d'essayer d'utiliser l'ONU comme écran de fumée au service de visées distinctes et essentiellement expansionnistes. L'Organisation des Nations Unies a le devoir impérieux d'empêcher de telles tentatives. Ces questions devront être examinées sérieusement aussi lorsqu'elles seront abordées dans le cadre de la préparation de l'\"Agenda\", si l'on veut garantir à l'Organisation une place et un rôle nouveaux dans le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité et promouvoir le progrès et la prospérité dans le monde entier.", "19. Les enseignements de la crise yougoslave font ressortir une nouvelle tendance qui, si elle devait se confirmer, pourrait avoir de très graves répercussions sur l'évolution future des relations internationales. Il est un fait que l'Organisation des Nations Unies et son Conseil de sécurité ont aujourd'hui beaucoup plus facilement recours qu'auparavant à l'usage de la force en vertu du Chapitre VII de la Charte. Ce faisant, ils s'écartent encore plus souvent des principes fondamentaux de la Charte ainsi que de l'esprit et des normes du droit international ou bien les interprètent très librement, parfois même de façon arbitraire. L'exemple le plus frappant à cet égard est la décision d'établir un tribunal international pour juger les personnes responsables de graves violations du droit international humanitaire commises sur le territoire de l'ex-Yougoslavie. Il est évident que quelques pays ont influé de manière décisive sur l'adoption de cette décision, à travers laquelle ils ont cherché à satisfaire certains de leurs intérêts particuliers en abusant de l'autorité de l'Organisation des Nations Unies.", "20. Il est extrêmement dangereux que le Conseil de sécurité prenne des décisions hâtives, des décisions fondées ou des décisions politiquement motivées, sur des accusations mensongères, ce qui malheureusement a souvent été le cas lorsqu'il s'est agi de la gestion de la crise yougoslave.", "21. De tels précédents ne servent guère la crédibilité et l'autorité de l'organisation mondiale; ils ne favorisent pas l'instauration d'un climat de confiance et ne peuvent servir de modèle pour la solution de conflits futurs. Les sanctions injustes, iniques et extrêmement dures imposées à la République fédérative de Yougoslavie sont la preuve révélatrice d'une dérogation inacceptable aux principes établis de la Charte et aux principes et règles fondamentaux du droit international.", "22. Un exemple flagrant de duplicité et de partialité a consisté à dénier à la République fédérative de Yougoslavie le droit de participer aux activités de l'Organisation des Nations Unies ainsi qu'à celles d'autres organes et organismes internationaux. Cette façon de pénaliser ainsi un Etat, Membre à part entière de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, ne trouve de fondement juridique ni dans la Charte ni dans le droit international et est loin d'être propice à la solution des problèmes et conflits internationaux. C'est une manière particulièrement inadaptée de gérer une guerre civile comme celle qui fait rage actuellement sur le territoire de l'ex-République yougoslave de Bosnie‑Herzégovine.", "23. La République fédérative de Yougoslavie accorde une priorité absolue dans ses relations internationales au règlement politique de tous les conflits et différends. A cet égard, elle se félicite vivement des efforts déployés par le Secrétaire général pour aboutir à un règlement pacifique de certaines crises et de certains conflits. Une attention particulière doit en conséquence être accordée au règlement pacifique des différends et à la diplomatie préventive lors de la planification des activités futures de l'Organisation dans le cadre de l'\"Agenda\". Dans cet ordre d'idées, la Cour internationale de Justice, dont le rôle a été injustement négligé, doit bénéficier d'une attention accrue et son arbitrage compétent et impartial doit être recherché et utilisé beaucoup plus souvent à l'avenir.", "24. La République fédérative de Yougoslavie considère que la force et les mesures coercitives, en particulier les sanctions prises en vertu du Chapitre VII de la Charte, ne doivent être utilisées qu'en dernier ressort, et seulement lorsque la communauté internationale a épuisé tous les autres moyens dans la recherche d'une solution pacifique. Les mesures coercitives, et en particulier les sanctions, ne peuvent résoudre un conflit international et encore moins une guerre civile; elles n'ont jamais été et ne pourront jamais être une solution de rechange au règlement pacifique et politique des problèmes et conflits conformément à la Charte. Si malgré tout, la communauté internationale décide d'opter pour des mesures coercitives, ce choix doit s'appuyer sur la Charte et être étayé par des preuves et explications pertinentes. La procédure d'adoption d'une telle décision et la décision elle‑même ne doivent laisser aucun doute sur la question de savoir si la situation visée par le Conseil de sécurité justifie l'adoption desdites mesures en vertu du Chapitre VII ni sur les motifs ayant conduit le Conseil de sécurité à prendre ladite décision.", "25. Une étude exhaustive des mesures prises contre la République fédérative de Yougoslavie en vertu du Chapitre VII de la Charte, en particulier les effets des sanctions sur la Yougoslavie ainsi que sur ses voisins et sur d'autres pays de la région, faciliterait certainement l'examen des questions envisagées par l'\"Agenda\". Cette étude permettrait de situer dans sa juste perspective toute l'expérience négative vécue par la République fédérative de Yougoslavie et par les Etats voisins à la suite des sanctions imposées par l'Organisation des Nations Unies et notamment leurs effets sur les groupes les plus vulnérables de la population, à savoir les nourrissons, les enfants, les vieillards et les malades.", "26. Evoquant toute l'expérience vécue par la Yougoslavie à la suite des tentatives effectuées par la communauté internationale pour résoudre la crise yougoslave, en particulier les conséquences néfastes des sanctions de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, il est proposé que lesdites sanctions soient imposées de manière très sélective et seulement en dernier ressort, et que leur durée d'application soit limitée.", "27. Etant donné les très graves conséquences des sanctions sur l'ensemble de la vie sociopolitique du pays auquel elles sont imposées et des pays indirectement affectés, il est parfaitement juste de demander qu'une attention particulière soit accordée à la mise en place de mécanismes d'assistance financière et autres aux pays touchés par les sanctions alors que leur propre responsabilité n'est pas en cause.", "28. En raison des effets destructeurs et des conséquences négatives à long terme des conflits actuels, en particulier des guerres civiles et interethniques de plus en plus nombreuses ces dernières années, il importe de mettre particulièrement l'accent, lors des débats futurs, sur certaines des questions traitées dans l'\"Agenda\" qui concernent la période suivant la fin d'un conflit. A cet égard, outre les questions relatives au redressement économique et à la reconstruction, les questions humanitaires et celles concernant la protection des droits de l'homme revêtent une importance particulière.", "29. De manière générale et compte tenu des principes de la justice, de la paix et de la sécurité ainsi que du problème de la répartition des forces à tout moment, il est tout à fait légitime de se demander si l'application des sanctions doit être obligatoire ou seulement recommandée, c'est-à-dire s'il ne vaudrait pas mieux laisser chaque Etat Membre décider lui-même de cette application en fonction de sa propre volonté politique et de son appréciation. Le cas de la République fédérative de Yougoslavie est la meilleure illustration de la pertinence de cette question. Un bon nombre de pays estiment que les sanctions imposées à la Yougoslavie sont trop sévères, injustes et inéquitables, mais ils sont néanmoins dans l'obligation de les appliquer parce qu'il s'agit d'une décision du Conseil de sécurité.", "30. Tous les aspects des droits de l'homme et l'application systématique des normes généralement admises doivent certes être au centre des préoccupations et de l'activité de l'Organisation. Toutefois, il est tout à fait inadmissible que cette question très sensible soit utilisée comme prétexte pour une ingérence dans les affaires intérieures d'Etats souverains, en particulier dans les cas d'intervention. La sensibilité et la complexité de cette question, et en particulier la spécificité de chaque région et de chaque pays, ne laissent aucune place à l'arbitraire et à la préméditation. La responsabilité de l'ONU dans ce domaine est énorme.", "31. Les activités de l'Organisation ne doivent être subordonnées aux intérêts exclusifs ni des pays qui font l'objet de ces activités ni de ceux qui, guidés par leurs intérêts particuliers, pourraient être tentés d'orienter les activités de l'Organisation dans le sens de leurs seuls intérêts. Dans le cadre des discussions sur les questions abordées dans l'\"Agenda\", des efforts particuliers doivent être déployés pour établir un mécanisme stable permettant de fournir une assistance humanitaire sur une base objective et équitable et d'éliminer tout parti pris chez les Etats qui sont en règle générale les principaux donateurs. Il va sans dire que l'application cohérente des principes de la Charte et des règles pertinentes du droit international doit sous-tendre toute action menée sous les auspices de l'Organisation ou par l'intermédiaire de l'un de ses mécanismes.", "32. A cet égard, l'expérience acquise dans la crise yougoslave, en particulier dans la guerre civile, interethnique et religieuse dans l'ex‑Bosnie‑Herzégovine, constitue une référence unique. Il va sans dire que les guerres civiles menacent les droits fondamentaux de tous, sans distinction d'origine. Personne n'est innocent dans une guerre civile. Il faut donc partir de ce principe de base pour dispenser l'aide humanitaire et pour examiner les menaces aux droits de l'homme dans les zones affectées par la guerre. Ce n'est pas en pénalisant une seule des parties à une guerre civile que l'on peut aboutir à une solution juste et durable.", "33. Il n'y a donc guère de justification à la pénalisation d'un Etat qui n'est pas partie à un conflit, comme cela a été le cas pour l'imposition de sanctions contre la République fédérative de Yougoslavie sous le prétexte infondé et absurde d'une agression contre l'ex‑Bosnie‑Herzégovine. Cela est également évident pour les principaux acteurs internationaux, en particulier ceux qui ont lancé l'idée des sanctions et les ont imposées.", "34. Conformément à sa position de principe sur l'usage de la force et des mesures coercitives, la République fédérative de Yougoslavie met l'accent sur le caractère très sensible des questions relatives aux \"forces d'intervention rapide\" auxquelles le Secrétaire général attache une grande importance. Ces questions complexes appellent une réflexion approfondie à laquelle tous les Etats Membres de l'Organisation des Nations Unies devraient participer puisqu'ils sont manifestement les premiers intéressés à la mise en place d'un cadre clair dans ce domaine.", "35. En conclusion, la République fédérative de Yougoslavie réaffirme une fois de plus sa disponibilité à contribuer pleinement à l'élaboration de l'\"Agenda pour la paix\", ainsi qu'à toutes les activités de l'Organisation et d'autres organisations internationales conformément aux principes et objectifs de la Charte des Nations Unies et des normes et principes fondamentaux du droit international.", "II. REPONSES DES ORGANISATIONS INTERGOUVERNEMENTALES", "ASSOCIATION DES NATIONS DE L'ASIE DU SUD‑EST", "[Original : anglais]", "[26 juillet 1993]", "1. L'Organisation des Nations Unies est le pivot du maintien de la sécurité et de l'ordre dans le monde. Les propositions formulées par le Secrétaire général dans son rapport intitulé \"Agenda pour la paix\" (A/47/277‑S/24111) reflètent des idées nouvelles et une conception innovatrice du renforcement de ce rôle, que la Charte a confié à l'Organisation. Le changement survenu dans le rapport des forces dans le monde fait que l'Organisation des Nations Unies peut désormais s'acquitter plus efficacement de ses fonctions de diplomatie préventive, de rétablissement, de maintien et de consolidation de la paix, qui jouent un rôle essentiel dans la prévention et le règlement des conflits. Mais, comme de nouveaux conflits et de nouveaux problèmes sont apparus aux niveaux régional et sous‑régional, il est de plus en plus fait appel à l'Organisation.", "2. Dans la région Asie‑Pacifique, les modifications de l'équilibre stratégique mondial ont déjà incité les grandes puissances et les pays de la région à ajuster leurs politiques. Etant donné les incertitudes actuelles, l'ANASE s'est efforcée de créer, avec les grands pays de la région, des mécanismes de dialogue et de consultation permanents en matière de sécurité régionale afin de discerner d'avance les problèmes et de les résoudre avant qu'ils n'atteignent le stade d'une crise ou d'un conflit. L'action de l'ANASE et des grandes puissances peut ainsi servir de complément aux activités de prévention et de règlement des conflits régionaux de l'Organisation des Nations Unies dans la région Asie‑Pacifique. En Asie du Sud‑Est, ce sont les efforts déployés par l'ONU par l'intermédiaire de l'Autorité provisoire des Nations Unies au Cambodge (APRONUC) qui ont permis de mener à bien et pacifiquement les élections générales tenues au Cambodge en mai 1993. L'ANASE aimerait voir l'ONU continuer à exercer dans la région son rôle de diplomatie préventive, de rétablissement et de maintien de la paix, et de consolidation de la paix après les conflits. L'ANASE pense également que la cause de la paix et de la stabilité internationales bénéficiera du dynamisme économique et du développement social dans le monde.", "Diplomatie préventive", "3. L'ANASE fait siennes les vues du Secrétaire général sur la diplomatie préventive et, en particulier, les propositions visant à développer cette notion en recourant par exemple aux mesures visant à renforcer la confiance, à l'établissement des faits et à l'alerte rapide. Il est indispensable de déceler les conflits qui risquent de se produire et de les circonscrire avant qu'ils n'éclatent. L'ANASE peut jouer un rôle dans la diplomatie préventive régionale en coopération avec l'ONU. Le principe de la diplomatie préventive et du règlement pacifique des différends est inscrit dans le Traité d'amitié et de coopération en Asie du Sud‑Est.", "4. L'ANASE est en faveur des mesures visant à renforcer la confiance que cite le Secrétaire général. L'ANASE est elle‑même un bon exemple de ce qui peut être fait pour renforcer la confiance dans une région. Elle a été l'initiatrice de grands concepts de renforcement de la confiance à l'échelle de la région tels que la Zone de paix, de liberté et de neutralité et la Zone exempte d'armes nucléaires en Asie du Sud‑Est. La Déclaration de l'ANASE sur la mer de Chine méridionale est un autre exemple de renforcement régional de la confiance. L'ANASE a également soutenu le Registre des armes classiques de l'ONU.", "5. L'ANASE se félicite de ce que l'Assemblée générale ait adopté par consensus le 18 décembre 1992 la résolution 47/120, qui contient notamment des décisions importantes sur l'établissement des faits. L'ANASE souscrit à la Déclaration concernant les activités d'établissement des faits de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en vue du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales, adoptée par l'Assemblée générale dans sa résolution 46/59 du 9 décembre 1991, et note que les missions d'établissement des faits entreprises par le Secrétaire général, le Conseil de sécurité ou l'Assemblée générale respecteront les principes directeurs adoptés par l'Assemblée, et notamment celui du consentement préalable des Etats intéressés. L'Article 99 de la Charte autorise le Secrétaire général à demander au Conseil de sécurité d'examiner toute affaire qui, à son avis, pourrait mettre en danger le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales et il pourrait s'agir là d'un élément de diplomatie préventive.", "6. L'ANASE approuve pour l'essentiel les propositions du Secrétaire général relatives à l'alerte rapide, c'est‑à‑dire la mise en place d'un mécanisme efficace d'alerte rapide et l'idée que les organismes régionaux ont un rôle important à jouer en la matière.", "Rétablissement de la paix", "7. L'ANASE soutient la proposition du Secrétaire général visant à donner au Conseil de sécurité un rôle plus actif dans le règlement pacifique des différends, conformément au Chapitre VI de la Charte. Le Conseil devrait rester le principal organe chargé du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales et du règlement des questions qui sont à l'origine des conflits. En tant qu'organe universel, l'Assemblée générale devrait être utilisée, selon qu'il conviendra, pour prévenir ou contenir des situations qui constituent une menace pour la paix et la sécurité internationales. L'expérience cambodgienne a démontré à l'ANASE qu'un tel système est viable. Le Secrétaire général pourrait aussi nommer des représentants spéciaux pour certaines régions ou certains pays, pour le tenir au courant des situations et lui signaler les points chauds. L'ANASE pense également qu'en cas de conflit, une action internationale visant à améliorer la situation locale pourrait faciliter le rétablissement de la paix. Il serait souhaitable d'avoir une Cour internationale de Justice plus efficace.", "8. L'ANASE estime aussi que le Conseil de sécurité devrait tenir compte des considérations humanitaires lorsqu'il adopte des régimes de sanction. Il faudrait que le Conseil étudie la question de savoir quels types de sanctions sont efficaces pour obtenir les résultats voulus.", "9. L'ANASE est généralement en faveur de l'emploi de la force militaire et préconisé par le Secrétaire général à titre transitoire avant que l'ONU ne recourt à des mesures coercitives lorsque les moyens pacifiques échouent. En vue d'améliorer les opérations de maintien de la paix, on pourrait étudier plus à fond l'expérience du fonctionnement de l'APRONUC, sur le terrain et au Siège de l'ONU, ainsi que la possibilité de créer une force d'imposition de la paix de l'ONU. Il faudrait faire preuve de souplesse pour la constituer, certains pays ayant des restrictions constitutionnelles et des problèmes d'opinion publique. La plus grande partie des unités de cette force pourrait venir des pays qui sont prêts à fournir des contingents.", "Maintien de la paix", "10. L'ANASE soutient dans l'ensemble les propositions du Secrétaire général relatives aux aspects financiers et logistiques des opérations de maintien de la paix. Elle pense toutefois qu'il faut améliorer le rapport coût‑efficacité de ces opérations. Elle exhorte en outre tous les pays à payer leurs contributions intégralement et à temps. Le personnel offert pour les activités de maintien de la paix doit être extrêmement compétent, expérimenté et bien formé pour pouvoir s'acquitter de la tâche de plus en plus ardue qui l'attend : appliquer et faire respecter le mandat de l'ONU. La formation du personnel en vue des opérations de maintien de la paix devrait être fondée sur des normes et des concepts fixés par l'Organisation.", "Consolidation de la paix", "11. L'ANASE pense comme le Secrétaire général que la consolidation de la paix doit être considérée comme faisant pendant à la diplomatie préventive. La consolidation de la paix, surtout après des conflits, ne doit pas consister seulement à régler les problèmes politiques de développement des institutions et des infrastructures mais doit tenir compte aussi des menaces autres que militaires à la sécurité telles que les causes économiques et sociales d'instabilité.", "Financement", "12. L'ANASE reconnaît que des bases financières solides et stables sont une condition préalable indispensable à l'application efficace de tous les programmes et activités de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. C'est particulièrement vrai aujourd'hui, à un moment où l'Organisation est sollicitée de toutes parts, en particulier aux fins du maintien de la paix. Elle mène actuellement pas moins de 14 opérations de maintien de la paix dans diverses parties du monde. Cette augmentation sans précédent du nombre d'opérations de ce genre entreprises par l'Organisation depuis sa création épuise évidemment ses ressources déjà insuffisantes, les contributions n'étant pas versées au rythme qu'exige le financement de chacune de ces opérations. La situation financière de l'ONU reste déplorable; elle est due tout simplement au fait que nombre d'Etats Membres ne s'acquittent pas des obligations qui leur incombent en vertu de la Charte, selon laquelle ils doivent acquitter à temps leurs contributions tant au budget ordinaire qu'aux opérations de maintien de la paix. L'ANASE demande donc instamment à tous les Etats Membres d'acquitter leurs contributions intégralement à la date voulue.", "Conclusion", "13. L'ANASE accueille avec satisfaction nombre des propositions formulées par le Secrétaire général dans son rapport \"Agenda pour la paix\" et les approuve. La région Asie‑Pacifique des années 90 se porte bien; la paix règne dans les pays membres et entre eux. Les grands changements qui sont intervenus sur le plan international depuis la fin de la guerre froide ont engendré des incertitudes, mais ils ont aussi ouvert une possibilité sans précédent de coopération internationale pour le renforcement des perspectives de paix et de prospérité mondiales. La communauté mondiale a le devoir d'agir pour épargner aux générations à venir le fléau de la guerre. Les propositions avancées par le Secrétaire général dans \"Agenda pour la paix\" sont des progrès importants vers la paix et la stabilité internationales. Si l'on veut que l'Organisation des Nations Unies joue plus efficacement son rôle dans le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales, force est de reconnaître qu'il faut sans plus tarder traiter la paix, le développement et la démocratie comme un tout indissociable. Mais il ne suffit pas de reconnaître que la paix et la prospérité sont liées; le temps est venu pour l'ONU d'adopter des mesures concrètes et des programmes d'action.", "SECRETARIAT DU COMMONWEALTH", "[Pour le texte intégral, voir document S/25996/Add.2.]", "‑‑‑‑‑", "[1] Les réponses ont été reproduites telles qu'elles ont été reçues. Les appellations employées n'impliquent de la part du Secrétariat de l'Organisation des Nations Unies aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires ou zones ou de leurs autorités.", "[2] ^(*) Au nom des pays nordiques : Danemark, Finlande, Islande, Norvège et Suède." ]	[ "[]NACIONES", "UNIDAS", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/403/Add.1", "S/26450/Add.1", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: ARABE/FRANCES/", "INGLES/RUSO", "ASAMBLEA GENERAL CONSEJO DE SEGURIDAD", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones Cuadragésimo octavo año", "Tema 87 del programa", "EXAMEN AMPLIO DE TODA LA CUESTION DE LAS", "OPERACIONES DE MANTENIMIENTO DE LA PAZ", "EN TODOS SUS ASPECTOS", "Mejoramiento de la capacidad de mantenimiento de", "la paz de las Naciones Unidas", "Informe del Secretario General", "Adición", "INDICE", "Página", "I. RESPUESTAS RECIBIDAS DE LOS ESTADOS MIEMBROS[1] 2", "Australia 2", "Federación de Rusia 2", "Francia 8", "Namibia 15", "Qatar 16", "Suecia 17", "Tailandia 19", "Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte 21", "Yugoslavia 30", "II. RESPUESTAS RECIBIDAS DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES INTERGUBERNAMENTALES", "Asociación de Naciones del Asia Sudoriental 38", "Secretaría del Commonwealth 41", "I. RESPUESTAS RECIBIDAS DE LOS ESTADOS MIEMBROS", "AUSTRALIA", "[Original: inglés]", "[6 de agosto de 1993]", "1. En \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277-S/24111) se señala que el carácter de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz ha evolucionado rápidamente en los últimos años. Los mandatos se han vuelto más complejos y tanto el tamaño y la composición de las fuerzas de mantenimiento de la paz como el número de operaciones en marcha en un determinado momento representan una considerable variación con respecto a la experiencia de los primeros 40 años de las Naciones Unidas.", "2. En gran medida, esta expansión de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz y la diversificación de las funciones del personal de dichas operaciones han tenido lugar sin que hubiera un debate o un consenso explícito sobre la función que debería corresponder a las Naciones Unidas y a otros órganos ni sobre los límites políticos y prácticos que convendría poner con respecto a las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "3. Las exigencias de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz superan ya la actual capacidad logística y de planificación de las Naciones Unidas y plantean a los Estados Miembros una necesidad cada vez mayor de recursos financieros y humanos. Se reconoce en general que las Naciones Unidas no pueden ya dar más de sí, pues su nivel de organización, recursos y procedimientos ya no es suficiente para hacer frente a todas las exigencias.", "4. Por consiguiente, hay cada vez más motivos para convenir en que las condiciones para establecer operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz deben ser más previsibles y que se deben definir más claramente los límites de lo que de una manera realista cabe esperar que consigan las Naciones Unidas.", "5. El Gobierno de Australia se está actualmente formando una opinión sobre el medio óptimo de enunciar esas condiciones. Al mismo tiempo, apoya plenamente los esfuerzos por aumentar la eficacia de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas. Acoge con agrado las recientes reformas encaminadas a fortalecer la capacidad de la Secretaría de planificación, logística y mando y control de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz y seguirá participando activamente en los debates y en la elaboración de propuestas por los Estados Miembros, en consulta con el Secretario General, sobre los medios prácticos de mejorar la eficacia de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "FEDERACION DE RUSIA", "[Original: ruso]", "[14 de septiembre de 1993]", "1. Los profundos cambios que han ocurrido en el mundo durante los últimos años han modificado el carácter de los retos a que hacen frente la paz y la seguridad internacionales. Ahora, la amenaza principal a la humanidad no proviene de la posibilidad del estallido nuclear entre las grandes Potencias, sino de las crisis regionales que tienen una base nacional, étnica y religiosa.", "2. En consecuencia, están ocurriendo cambios en las prioridades de la comunidad internacional en la esfera de la seguridad. La mayoría de los Estados se centran actualmente en las medidas de mantenimiento de la paz, y, por consiguiente, ha surgido la necesidad de fortalecer la capacidad de las Naciones Unidas para el establecimiento de la paz.", "3. La Federación de Rusia toma nota con satisfacción de que en los últimos años las Naciones Unidas, a pesar de todas las dificultades, han logrado un progreso considerable en la adaptación de sus actividades de establecimiento de la paz a unas condiciones en proceso de transformación. No hay necesidad de mencionar los hechos ni las tendencias, pues son bien conocidos.", "4. Al mismo tiempo han surgido nuevos problemas. Los Estados, al cifrar cada vez más esperanzas en las medidas de establecimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas, no siempre están dispuestos a hacer una aportación práctica a estas medidas ni a asignar los recursos materiales, técnicos, financieros y humanos necesarios. A veces se percibe incluso cierta impaciencia y una actitud crítica cuando las medidas de establecimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas se estancan o no aportan unos resultados rápidos y aparentes. La seguridad mundial y el futuro de la propia Organización dependerán en gran medida de la capacidad de las Naciones Unidas de adaptarse de forma eficaz y sin trabas a la realidad de un mundo que ha cambiado.", "5. El informe del Secretario General titulado \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277‑S/24111) constituye una importante contribución al desarrollo del concepto de establecimiento de la paz. El análisis detallado de este documento en el Consejo de Seguridad ha demostrado la oportunidad de dar una forma concreta a las tesis que contiene el informe y de definir las prioridades comunes de los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas.", "6. También en la Asamblea General se ha iniciado el debate sustantivo sobre \"Un programa de paz\", cuyos resultados se esperan con gran interés.", "7. En este contexto la Federación de Rusia apoya plenamente la recomendación del Consejo de Seguridad de que todos los Estados hagan parte de su política de seguridad exterior e interior la participación en el mantenimiento internacional de la paz y el apoyo a éste. Este principio fundamental se refleja en los documentos teóricos de política exterior y en los instrumentos normativos de la Federación de Rusia que se están elaborando actualmente.", "8. Las disposiciones que figuran en la declaración del Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad, formulada el 28 de mayo de 1993 (S/25859), tienen por objeto ayudar a aclarar y a desarrollar la orientación política general y los principios operacionales en que se apoya la realización de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. Una contribución útil a la determinación de la base para la realización de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz figura también en el documento preparado por el grupo especial de expertos sobre la cooperación en materia de mantenimiento de la paz establecido por el Consejo de Cooperación del Atlántico del Norte. Consideramos que las disposiciones de ese documento podrían tenerse en cuenta en la preparación del informe del Secretario General a las Naciones Unidas.", "9. La efectividad de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas podría aumentar considerablemente mediante una utilización más amplia y eficaz de los recursos que ofrece la diplomacia preventiva. Entre los nuevos aspectos de esta actividad la Federación de Rusia acoge con satisfacción el primer despliegue preventivo de un contingente de las Naciones Unidas en Macedonia como paso importante en la búsqueda de nuevos enfoques en la esfera de la prevención de conflictos. También podría resultar valiosa la continuación de la elaboración del concepto de \"zonas seguras\".", "10. La Federación de Rusia está dispuesta a participar en la presentación al Secretario General de la información necesaria, incluida la confidencial, para una diplomacia preventiva eficaz y las actividades de mantenimiento de la paz en su conjunto.", "11. La Federación de Rusia apoya la idea de que el Consejo de Seguridad debe hacer pleno uso de sus atribuciones en virtud de la Carta para dirigir a las partes en el conflicto hacia una solución pacífica negociada. Además, acoge con satisfacción los esfuerzos enérgicos y decididos desplegados en los últimos meses por el Secretario General en el ejercicio de sus prerrogativas en cuanto a la mediación y los buenos oficios y considera que las consultas estrechas y constantes que ha celebrado con el Consejo de Seguridad tienen una importancia excepcional para la elaboración de una estrategia común.", "12. La Federación de Rusia está interesada en que se elabore cuanto antes un procedimiento concreto para poner en práctica las disposiciones del Artículo 50 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas. En particular, sería conveniente consolidar la práctica según la cual el Consejo de Seguridad recomienda al Fondo Monetario Internacional, al Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Fomento y a otras instituciones financieras multilaterales que tengan debidamente en cuenta los perjuicios causados a \"terceros países\" por las sanciones, cuando se asignen fondos a esos países por conducto de dichas organizaciones.", "13. La experiencia de las últimas operaciones de las Naciones Unidas de mantenimiento de la paz, en particular en Bosnia y Herzegovina, Camboya y Somalia, demuestran la importancia de que no haya interrupciones en toda la cadena funcional: la planificación, la preparación, el apoyo logístico y el control de la realización de las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas de mantenimiento de la paz. A su vez, esto supone una interacción claramente definida de los contingentes nacionales, una organización adecuada del sistema de mando, así como la elaboración de unas normas precisas de realización de las operaciones y de los criterios del uso de la fuerza. Es evidente que las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz con \"mandatos complicados\" exigen un planteamiento especial, incluida la selección de los contingentes de las fuerzas de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas (teniendo en cuenta su experiencia y su eficiencia militar), la adecuación de las medidas coercitivas, etc.", "14. Es muy importante que las operaciones se inicien en el contexto de un objetivo claro de solución política, y no simplemente como una reacción de la comunidad mundial a unas situaciones en que \"algo hay que hacer\".", "15. Un componente importante del éxito de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz es una base financiera sólida. La crítica situación actual a este respecto es, ante todo, consecuencia de la falta de voluntad política de los Estados en cuanto al apoyo de la estabilidad mundial a través de las medidas de las Naciones Unidas de mantenimiento de la paz, como demuestra en particular el hecho (citado en el informe Volcker-Ogata (A/48/460, anexo)) de que, como promedio, de cada 1.000 dólares que gastan los Estados para fines de defensa, a las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas de mantenimiento de la paz corresponde únicamente 1,50 dólares.", "16. Se debe centrar la atención en la elaboración de un mecanismo para un control más riguroso de la planificación y la utilización racional de los recursos humanos, materiales y técnicos en las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas. En particular, se podría fortalecer la función del Comité Consultivo en Asuntos Administrativos y de Presupuesto en todas las etapas de la preparación y de la ejecución de los presupuestos de las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas.", "17. También debería prestarse atención a la cuestión de la financiación de la etapa inicial de una operación en el caso de despliegue de emergencia. La Federación de Rusia está dispuesta a apoyar la propuesta del Secretario General de elaborar nuevos arreglos para acelerar la asignación de recursos a una nueva operación inmediatamente después de que haya sido establecida por el Consejo de Seguridad.", "18. La Federación de Rusia sigue teniendo dudas acerca de la creación de un presupuesto único para todas las operaciones, puesto que dejaría sin resolver el problema principal de la necesidad de ajustar los gastos y aumentar la eficacia de las operaciones ni mejoraría la situación de liquidez.", "19. La Federación de Rusia considera que ha llegado el momento de examinar la diversificación de las fuentes de financiación de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz por medio de una mayor responsabilidad material de los Estados receptores y otros Estados directamente interesados en que termine el conflicto. Podría resultar útil conseguir recursos de las organizaciones regionales, de las contribuciones voluntarias, incluidas las que proceden de fuentes no gubernamentales y, en casos concretos, utilizar contribuciones en especie.", "20. Ha llegado la hora de tomar medidas concretas para revisar la escala de cuotas al presupuesto de las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas.", "21. Teniendo en cuenta las tareas que tiene ante sí la Organización, son especialmente oportunos los siguientes aspectos del mejoramiento de los mecanismos de establecimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas:", "a) Es preciso fortalecer las estructuras existentes de planificación, preparación y gestión de las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas y, tal vez, crear estructuras adicionales. En virtud de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, el Comité de Estado Mayor tiene a su cargo la dirección estratégica de todas las fuerzas armadas puestas a disposición del Consejo de Seguridad. La revitalización del Comité de Estado Mayor merece estudiarse en serio. Si el Comité pudiera centrarse en medidas específicas e incluir en su labor a los representantes de los países principales que envían contingentes (por ejemplo, de conformidad con el Artículo 47 de la Carta), podría, bajo la dirección del Consejo de Seguridad, asumir el mando general de las operaciones, desarrollar propuestas concretas sobre la cooperación entre las Naciones Unidas y las organizaciones regionales en una determinada esfera, etc. Hay que definir más claramente la división de funciones entre las dependencias de la Secretaría. La Federación de Rusia considera que es importante fortalecer la posición central del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz e incluir, entre su personal básico, a especialistas calificados capaces de desempeñar numerosas funciones, que podrían participar de diversas maneras en el comienzo urgente de las operaciones;", "b) Hay que prestar atención especial al mando y a la supervisión de las operaciones sobre el terreno. Tiene importancia crucial la dirección efectiva del comandante de las fuerzas de las Naciones Unidas, la estrecha coordinación de las actividades de los contingentes procedentes de varios países y el cumplimiento por éstos del mandato conferido al Consejo de Seguridad. A este respecto es importante que existan unas interrelaciones y una cooperación bien definidas dentro del mando de las operaciones (incluidos sus componentes militar y civil) y un centro operacional único que funcione eficientemente 24 horas al día;", "c) La Federación de Rusia acogió con satisfacción las ideas en que se basa el concepto de las \"fuerzas de reserva\" de las Naciones Unidas propuesto por el Secretario General. El Consejo Supremo actualmente está examinando un proyecto de ley sobre la participación de la Federación de Rusia en las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas de mantenimiento de la paz. Cuando se apruebe, la Federación de Rusia tiene la intención de celebrar negociaciones para concluir un acuerdo con las Naciones Unidas sobre la dotación de personal ruso militar, civil y auxiliar, listo para entrar en acción, así como la aportación de recursos materiales y técnicos y la prestación de servicios para las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz ya existentes o previstas. La Federación de Rusia ya ha informado a las Naciones Unidas sobre una parte de sus recursos existentes (dos divisiones médicas militares);", "d) Tiene crucial importancia garantizar que las operaciones se inicien en el plazo más breve posible, cuando los frágiles acuerdos en las \"zonas calientes\" pueden y deben ser reforzados por la presencia de las Naciones Unidas, que podría empezar con el envío de observadores. Hay que reducir considerablemente el plazo que transcurre entre la aprobación de una decisión por el Consejo de Seguridad y el comienzo real de las operaciones;", "e) Al adoptar una decisión sobre el comienzo de una operación, en particular una operación a gran escala, el Consejo de Seguridad debe considerar no solamente la conveniencia política, el costo de la acción de las Naciones Unidas y el grado de riesgos posibles para el personal, sino también el problema de la \"retirada\" de la operación. No debe haber \"intervención ilimitada\". No obstante, este principio no debe convertirse en un dogma. En casos excepcionales, cuando no hay una solución política viable, los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas deben convenir la continuación de la operación, ya que \"una mala paz es mejor que una buena riña\". Debe ampliarse la práctica de incluir en las decisiones del Consejo de Seguridad unas disposiciones que condicionen la estancia del personal de las Naciones Unidas en las regiones en conflicto al progreso en su solución pacífica;", "f) Es importante mejorar el procedimiento para la contratación y la formación de personal, incluido el personal civil. En particular, se deben precisar los criterios para la contratación de personal civil y elaborar recomendaciones unificadas para la formación de dicho personal para la realización de las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas. Sería útil crear \"contingentes de reserva\" nacionales compuestos por especialistas civiles voluntarios. La Federación de Rusia considera conveniente que la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas prepare una lista general de especialidades y requisitos que han de reunir los candidatos y la envíe a los posibles países donantes.", "22. Ultimamente se ha vuelto especialmente grave la cuestión de la seguridad del personal. A este respecto la Federación de Rusia apoya las medidas más enérgicas, incluidas las medidas para hacer comparecer ante la justicia a las personas y organizaciones culpables de ataques u otros actos violentos contra los \"cascos azules\". La conclusión obligatoria de acuerdos con los países receptores sobre la condición de las fuerzas de las Naciones Unidas es una solución parcial al problema, que no constituye una respuesta suficiente a todas las preguntas. Al mismo tiempo, las medidas enérgicas para defender a los contingentes de las Naciones Unidas no deben desembocar en operaciones militares de carácter punitivo ni conducir a la participación de las Naciones Unidas en los conflictos internos.", "23. Es importante que el derecho de las Naciones Unidas de hacer comparecer ante la justicia a las personas que recurren a la violencia contra el personal de las Naciones Unidas se vuelva jurídicamente obligatorio. Puede surgir un precedente cuando el Tribunal Internacional para la ex Yugoslavia empiece sus actuaciones.", "24. La consolidación de la paz después de un conflicto se está convirtiendo en una parte integrante del mantenimiento de la paz sin la cual no pueden reconstruirse los países que salen de la etapa \"activa\" de un conflicto. La Federación de Rusia considera particularmente interesante el estudio de la experiencia y de la capacidad de las Naciones Unidas y de otras organizaciones internacionales en esta esfera con respecto a la consolidación de la paz en el territorio de la ex Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas.", "25. La Federación de Rusia considera útiles las propuestas sobre la descentralización de la responsabilidad por el mantenimiento y el establecimiento de la paz y apoya la idea consistente en fortalecer el papel de las organizaciones regionales en esta esfera de conformidad con el Capítulo VII de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas. El progreso en este sentido debe ser gradual, y una condición indispensable es que el Consejo de Seguridad siga teniendo la responsabilidad primordial de mantener la paz y la seguridad internacionales.", "26. La Federación de Rusia acoge con satisfacción la conclusión de un acuerdo marco sobre cooperación y coordinación entre las Naciones Unidas y la Conferencia sobre la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa (CSCE) y toma nota de los esfuerzos de la CSCE, de la Comunidad Europea, de la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico del Norte y de la Unión Europea Occidental para solucionar el conflicto en el territorio de la ex Yugoslavia sobre la base de las decisiones del Consejo de Seguridad y bajo la dirección política del Consejo.", "27. Para nosotros es sumamente importante la cuestión del establecimiento de la paz en el territorio de la ex Unión Soviética. Los mecanismos colectivos de establecimiento de la paz de la Comunidad de Estados Independientes, así como los acuerdos regionales separados sobre la solución de conflictos en regiones concretas de la ex Unión Soviética ahora se están aplicando más activamente en la práctica y está aumentando la cooperación entre estos mecanismos y las Naciones Unidas y la CSCE. Como participante en estos mecanismos y acuerdos, la Federación de Rusia aprecia la aportación práctica de las Naciones Unidas a la solución de esos conflictos y está dispuesta a seguir cooperando con la Organización.", "FRANCIA", "[Original: francés]", "[28 de julio de 1993]", "1. Francia ha examinado con satisfacción el informe del Secretario General de fecha 15 de junio de 1993 (S/25944) relativo a la puesta en práctica de las recomendaciones formuladas en \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277-S/24111) y se congratula de las medidas ya adoptadas.", "2. Conforme a los deseos expresados por el Secretario General, el Gobierno de Francia desea contribuir al debate que está teniendo lugar haciendo las siguientes observaciones.", "I. MEJOR PREPARACION DE LAS OPERACIONES DE MANTENIMIENTO", "DE LA PAZ", "El fortalecimiento de la Secretaría", "3. Francia se complace en observar el aumento sensible de los recursos humanos y la infraestructura del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz. Este esfuerzo debe proseguir tanto en las divisiones civiles como en la división militar de ese Departamento. Este aumento de capacidad, imperativo reconocido por todos, es necesario para hacer frente al aumento constante de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz que exigen un seguimiento político y militar permanente.", "4. Al mismo tiempo, el Gobierno francés aprueba sin reservas las gestiones del Secretario General encaminadas a enviar misiones de investigación a los lugares en que la Organización está llamada, o corre el riesgo de ser llamada, a intervenir. Como el propio Secretario General subraya en su mismo informe de 15 de junio de 1993, toda la información recibida por esas misiones, o transmitida por los Estados Miembros, debe ser tratada de una manera eficaz. Por esa misma razón, parece indispensable que se continúen fortaleciendo los medios de la Secretaría, en particular la división militar y la sala de situación del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz.", "Una planificación militar más detallada", "5. Hoy en día, la función de planificación militar es tan decisiva como el seguimiento político de los diferentes conflictos en curso. Las Naciones Unidas se ven obligadas a desplegar misiones de mantenimiento de la paz en las que se unen Estados de diferentes tradiciones militares. Deben disponer de unos mecanismos de vigilancia, y, en definitiva, de planificación, más eficaces para prever las situaciones de crisis, reaccionar rápidamente y facilitar la planificación inicial de las operaciones en función de las limitaciones muy concretas de las Naciones Unidas.", "6. Los esfuerzos deben ir en tres direcciones:", "a) Antes incluso de que los Estados Miembros anuncien sus aportaciones, se deberá proceder a la elaboración de un concepto operacional inicial basado en una auditoría militar más detallada y, en definitiva, en un esbozo de planificación, de consuno con el Representante Especial del Secretario General competente. Esto permitirá mejorar la calidad y seriedad del plan de ejecución del componente militar del mandato, tradicionalmente descrito en el informe del Secretario General en el que se precisa el campo de acción de cada misión. Por esa razón, se debería establecer gradualmente una nueva estructura vinculada a la Secretaría, integrada por oficiales con una experiencia sólida en materia de planificación y de dimensiones que permitan mantener la flexibilidad que cabe esperar de ese tipo de estructuras;", "b) Desde el principio del despliegue, esa estructura debería ser reforzada lo antes posible por los representantes de los Estados que aportan contingentes encargados de preparar la planificación operacional propiamente dicha, en coordinación con el Estado Mayor que se haya de desplegar sobre el terreno;", "c) Por otra parte, esas células de planificación genérica existen ya en varias organizaciones políticomilitares multilaterales, en particular en la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico del Norte y en la Unión Europea Occidental. Habría que ampliar los contactos y los intercambios de opiniones, tan necesarios, entre las Naciones Unidas y esas organizaciones de experiencia y competencia reconocidas, sobre todo en lo relativo a las zonas de operaciones abarcadas por dichas organizaciones y en los casos en que éstas deban intervenir directamente a petición de las Naciones Unidas. Esos intercambios, permitirían crear una complementariedad que resultará indispensable el día en que los expertos y soldados de esas organizaciones deban trabajar junto con las Naciones Unidas sobre el terreno.", "Mayor consideración con los países que aportan contingentes", "7. Los principales países que aportan contingentes suelen expresar su deseo de ser informados, en el curso de una misión, de las orientaciones y las decisiones operacionales que se adoptan. El Gobierno francés comprende esas peticiones y considera que sería útil que el Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz mantuviera informado de las decisiones que se adopten o se prevea adoptar a un comité de seguimiento oficioso compuesto de representantes diplomáticos y militares de los países que participen en la misión de que se trate y, llegado el caso, consultara con él. En resumen, si es necesario aumentar los medios de análisis, de planificación y de seguimiento de la Secretaría, es lógico que, al mismo tiempo, los Estados que aportan contingentes sean mejor informados colectivamente del desarrollo de la misión.", "Mejor logística", "8. Cada vez con mayor frecuencia la comunidad internacional pide a las Naciones Unidas que intervenga muy rápidamente en situaciones de crisis o de emergencia humanitaria. Ese aumento de la responsabilidad supone que la Organización cuente con plazos cada vez más breves para responder, por lo que se hace imperativo que disponga en todo momento del material necesario para el despliegue rápido de una misión. Por esa razón, es preciso fortalecer la capacidad logística de las Naciones Unidas.", "9. El almacenamiento de armamento y municiones entraña elevados gastos de mantenimiento y requiere personal calificado que esté familiarizado con el material que debe utilizar. Por esa razón en particular, es preferible que el armamento sea en general responsabilidad exclusiva de los Estados Miembros.", "10. Ahora bien, la experiencia reciente muestra que determinadas necesidades se repiten de una misión a otra. Para el mantenimiento de la paz se debe recurrir a tipos de equipo muy concretos que no figuran sistemáticamente en la dotación ordinaria de los contingentes llamados a prestar servicios como cascos azules y que han de ser utilizados en teatros de operaciones muy diversos. Tal es el caso del material de carácter no militar (viviendas prefabricadas, radios, teléfonos, vehículos, ...), pero también de determinados equipos militares (comunicaciones militares, vehículos de frente blindado, aviones teledirigidos, ...). La Secretaría debe estar en condiciones de suministrar al personal civil y militar, desde el momento de su despliegue, ese tipo de material indispensable para que puedan cumplir su mandato. Así pues, la Secretaría debería estar dotada de un pequeño almacén central de materiales específicamente adaptados al mantenimiento de la paz.", "II. MEJOR DESPLIEGUE DE LAS MISIONES DE MANTENIMIENTO", "DE LA PAZ SOBRE EL TERRENO", "Contribución de los Estados Miembros en la esfera militar", "11. Ante las necesidades crecientes de intervención de las Naciones Unidas, se impone una reforma profunda del sistema de movilización de los cascos azules. Si bien es evidente que la Organización no dispone hoy día de los medios necesarios para mantener fuerzas permanentes, es indispensable que los Estados Miembros preparen a fuerzas que se puedan movilizar rápidamente. Estas deberían constar de unidades seleccionadas previamente (\"señaladas a dedo\") que compongan un conjunto de módulos de fuerzas adiestrados en función de las tareas de mantenimiento de la paz y equipados con materiales compatibles entre sí. Esas unidades (módulos de fuerzas) se pondrían a disposición de las Naciones Unidas y se podrían movilizar en cualquier momento.", "12. Al haberse multiplicado las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, se ha llegado al límite de la capacidad de los principales países que aportan contingentes. Hoy día los Estados, en mayor medida que antes, para decidirse a participar tienen en cuenta en primer lugar sus propios intereses nacionales. Por otra parte, lo que también ocurre es que los países que aportan contingentes se muestran poco dispuestos a intervenir en función simplemente de lo que hoy se ha convenido en llamar \"la obligación moral\" de los miembros de la comunidad internacional.", "13. El mecanismo de los módulos de fuerzas debería permitir que se invirtieran en gran parte las tendencias actuales para volver al principio de neutralidad de las Naciones Unidas y facilitar, mediante acuerdo previo, la evaluación por el Secretario General de la capacidad real de intervención de la Organización. Asimismo, debería hacer posible la participación de un número cada vez más elevado de Estados Miembros en las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz. Sería conveniente que cada uno de los Estados Miembros se interesara en esta medida y diera a conocer, en función de su propia capacidad, el carácter de las unidades que, llegado el momento, podría poner a disposición de la Organización. En última instancia, todos los Estados Miembros deberían participar en ese proceso.", "Mayor interacción entre los contingentes", "14. La organización logística de esos módulos de fuerzas requiere que todos los contingentes llamados a intervenir en las operaciones en plazos muy breves cuenten con una base común de conocimientos y de métodos. Así pues, parece indispensable que haya un adiestramiento común para el conjunto de las unidades de que se trate. Este adiestramiento, que complementaría el adiestramiento militar propio de cada ejército, se debe impartir primeramente en las academias militares nacionales. Pero las Naciones Unidas deberán encargarse de coordinar, comenzando por los oficiales superiores y siguiendo un orden jerárquico descendente, cursos específicos que permitan intercambiar conceptos y métodos. Estos cursos los deberán organizar por turnos los principales países que aportan contingentes bajo la supervisión de las Naciones Unidas. Por otra parte, las Naciones Unidas deberán organizar ejercicios comunes (de estado mayor) a fin de poder comprobar en la práctica la interacción entre los contingentes y buscar medios de mejorarla.", "Mejoramiento de los medios de análisis político y de seguimiento de las misiones", "15. El mandato de las misiones desplegadas recientemente incluye un componente político cada vez más amplio. Entre las tareas se suelen contar con las de supervisar las administraciones correspondientes, formar nuevas fuerzas de policía, unir diferentes facciones, en otros tiempos rivales, en un ejército nuevo, garantizar la honradez de las campañas electorales, etc. Estas tareas responden enteramente a la preocupación expresada por todos de que las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz se ocupen asimismo de las causas políticas de un conflicto a fin de permitir una consolidación duradera de la paz.", "16. Esta nueva responsabilidad exige que la misión de que se trate esté pendiente en todo momento de la evolución de las posiciones políticas de todas las partes en el conflicto. Esta necesidad de conocer lo mejor posible el ambiente político local se hace más imperiosa si se tiene en cuenta que las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz - compuestas frecuentemente por miles de personas - pueden tropezar con el rechazo de una población a veces manipulada por una minoría que se opone a ellas. Toda misión debe estar en condiciones de prever los problemas con que puede tropezar y de hacer comprender a las poblaciones interesadas los motivos de las decisiones que tome.", "17. Por ello, sería conveniente que cada misión estuviera sistemáticamente dotada de una unidad de análisis políticos, vinculada directamente a la oficina del representante especial. El cometido de esta unidad, integrada por especialistas y expertos internacionales de la región, consistiría en seguir atentamente y analizar la evolución del medio político y del sentir de las partes interesadas a fin de informar al representante especial de las tendencias que se perfilan entre la clase política y entre la población. Los análisis políticos de esa unidad deberían ser transmitidos también a la Secretaría para su información.", "III. MEYOR CONTROL POLITICO", "18. Francia es partidaria decidida de que aumente el control político sobre las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "19. Se deberían seguir más de cerca las diferentes etapas del desarrollo de esas operaciones.", "20. La preparación de la operación debe seguir la lógica propuesta por el Secretario General en \"Un programa de paz\".", "21. El envío sobre el terreno de misiones de investigación de los hechos en los cuales participarían representantes del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz, además de responder plenamente al deseo común de que se desarrolle la diplomacia preventiva, permitiría preparar el despliegue de tropas, prever las necesidades, reunir información y determinar los gastos provisionales de la operación. Los informes de esas misiones deberían transmitirse a la mayor brevedad posible a los Estados Miembros, para que éstos pudieran adoptar con la antelación suficiente las disposiciones necesarias para su posible participación.", "22. Se debería generalizar la práctica consistente en designar a un representante especial del Secretario General para cada operación. Esta designación se efectúa tras celebrar consultas con las partes en el conflicto y con el Consejo de Seguridad. La función del representante especial consiste en coordinar las medidas de los diferentes componentes de la operación (civil,", "militar, humanitario ...), garantizar el control político - y no operacional - de los aspectos militares y dar cuenta periódicamente de su misión al Secretario General y al Consejo de Seguridad.", "23. El establecimiento de la operación depende antes que nada de que el Consejo de Seguridad defina el mandato claramente. En ese sentido, Francia desearía, que en la medida de lo posible, las resoluciones \"fundacionales\" de las fuerzas de mantenimiento de la paz fueran más precisas en lo que se refiere a los dos siguientes aspectos:", "a) En el mandato de la fuerza debe figurar expresamente la definición de los objetivos políticos últimos. Lo más realista sería que fueran limitados y que no apuntaran necesariamente a un arreglo total de la crisis;", "b) En el mandato se deben definir asimismo los objetivos de cada etapa. El Secretario General, en el informe que presenta al Consejo de Seguridad al inicio de cada operación, debería proponer unos plazos y un calendario de evaluación. Entre los objetivos intermedios podrían figurar los siguientes: el desarme (parcial o completo) de las fuerzas beligerantes, el establecimiento y la observación de un alto el fuego, y el envío sobre el terreno de misiones de buenos oficios.", "24. Cabría mejorar la gestión y el seguimiento de la operación:", "a) Perfeccionando los medios - todavía demasiado limitados - de la sala de seguimiento de las operaciones del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz. Dicha sala debería estar abierta, no sólo a los miembros del Departamento, sino también a los representantes militares de los Estados que aportan contingentes e incluso a los miembros del Comité de Estado Mayor establecido en virtud del Artículo 47 de la Carta;", "b) Haciendo que el representante especial del Secretario General informara periódicamente (una vez por mes), sobre el conjunto de su misión, el desarrollo de las operaciones, los problemas con que se tropezara en la ejecución del mandato y la observación del calendario establecido. Se debería informar al Consejo de Seguridad sobre los trabajos de la Unidad de análisis políticos de la misión, así como sobre cualquier otro elemento (auditorías privadas) que le pudiera ilustrar;", "c) Enviando sistemáticamente misiones de inspección compuestas de expertos con un mandato del Consejo de Seguridad, al que rendirían cuentas, a fin de evaluar la situación y verificar la adecuación entre el mandato, los medios de la fuerza y las normas para entablar combate y la homogeneidad de su interpretación.", "25. Se debe fomentar la asociación de organizaciones regionales y pactos de seguridad a las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, bajo determinadas condiciones:", "a) El representante especial del Secretario General sigue siendo el responsable de la operación. Los representantes de las organizaciones regionales y de los pactos de seguridad actúan bajo su autoridad política;", "b) También se puede fomentar la fórmula consistente en designar un representante conjunto de las Naciones Unidas y de la organización regional;", "c) Los representantes de los Estados miembros de esos pactos y organizaciones, en los casos en que éstos contribuyan a la operación, deberían también tener acceso a la Sala de seguimiento de operaciones de la Secretaría.", "IV. MAYOR CONTROL FINANCIERO", "Principios confirmados", "26. Se debe examinar detenidamente la cuestión de la financiación de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, y el Gobierno francés:", "a) Desea recordar su compromiso con el sistema actual de presupuesto por operación, que garantiza la transparencia financiera de cada una de las operaciones y permite un control y un seguimiento individual por parte de los Estados Miembros;", "b) Sigue siendo partidario de que se financien las operaciones mediante contribuciones obligatorias, que es el único medio de garantizar la independencia y suministrar recursos estables. Las contribuciones voluntarias sólo deberían ser aceptadas cuando procedieran de los Estados beneficiarios de las operaciones, siempre que contaran con fondos para ello;", "c) Desean que el inicio de cada operación vaya precedido de una evaluación detallada de los costos y que se haga llegar un informe financiero a los Estados Miembros antes de que el Consejo de Seguridad tome una decisión;", "d) Apoyará toda propuesta encaminada a perfeccionar las auditorías de las operaciones en curso o, de manera más general, a facilitar un control más regular de los gastos y una información más completa a los órganos que deban ocuparse de ellos (Consejo de Seguridad y Comisión Consultiva en Asuntos Administrativos y de Presupuesto).", "Un grupo de examen oficioso", "27. Las misiones difíciles, complejas y largas que las Naciones Unidas han iniciado últimamente en distintas partes del mundo han puesto de manifiesto algunos problemas a los que deben hacer frente los países que aportan contingentes. Convendría que los países a los que incumbe una responsabilidad especial, dada la importancia de su participación en las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz, colaboraran estrechamente entre sí para tratar de solucionar, de manera oficiosa, esos problemas cruciales. En nuestra opinión, ese grupo de examen debería ocuparse prioritariamente de dos temas cuya importancia se reconoce unánimemente y que son de gran actualidad:", "a) La financiación de las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz respecto de las cuales el informe Volcker-Ogata (A/48/460, anexo) ofrece sugerencias que habría que estudiar más a fondo con miras a lograr un despliegue rápido;", "b) La seguridad del personal que participa en las misiones y el carácter de las sanciones que se puedan adoptar contra los responsables de agresiones contra el personal que presta servicios bajo la bandera de las Naciones Unidas.", "28. Ese grupo de examen, que debería ser oficioso y flexible, podría comunicar los resultados de sus reflexiones a la Secretaría, al Consejo de Seguridad y a la Asamblea General.", "NAMIBIA", "[Original: inglés]", "[3 de agosto de 1993]", "1. La política del Gobierno de la República de Namibia con respecto al mantenimiento de la paz internacional se ha visto influida, como es natural, por la historia reciente del país. Toda la población de Namibia apoyó con entusiasmo la operación del Grupo de Asistencia de las Naciones Unidas para el Período de Transición (GANUPT), que tuvo lugar en 1989 y 1990 y que ayudó a Namibia a lograr su independencia y restablecer la paz y la seguridad, y fue testigo de su éxito. El GANUPT se convirtió en un sinónimo de libertad.", "2. El Gobierno de la República de Namibia ha hecho de la paz y la estabilidad el principal objetivo de su política nacional y también de su política exterior y, gracias a su política de reconciliación nacional, ha logrado que la paz y la estabilidad adquieran profundas raíces en Namibia, sobre todo con el respaldo de la Constitución de la República de Namibia.", "3. Así pues, la política de mantenimiento de la paz internacional es, uno de los pilares de la política exterior del Gobierno de Namibia. Teniendo en cuenta las limitaciones de mano de obra y de recursos, Namibia, en la medida de su capacidad, cumplirá la función que le corresponde en el mantenimiento de la paz y la consolidación de la paz.", "4. Desde ese punto de vista, el Gobierno de la República de Namibia apoyará las medidas que ayuden a que reine la confianza en la región y se desvanezcan las sospechas y la desconfianza. La reunión regional sobre medidas de fomento de la confianza y la seguridad en el Africa meridional, celebrada en Windhoek del 24 al 26 de febrero de 1993, ofreció a los líderes regionales y a los encargados de formular políticas en materia de seguridad nacional una oportunidad útil de examinar problemas comunes y, lo que es más importante, de hacer que desaparecieran las sospechas y los recelos mutuos. El Gobierno fomentará y apoyará la celebración de otras reuniones similares en el futuro o aprovechará los logros de la reunión de Windhoek.", "5. Teniendo en cuenta esa política, el Gobierno de la República de Namibia no ha escatimado esfuerzos para hallar una solución a la crisis en el país vecino de Angola. Tanto a nivel regional como internacional, los ministros del Gobierno han tratado incesantemente de encontrar los medios de resolver la crisis. Por lo tanto, el Gobierno de la República de Namibia, con arreglo a su Constitución, aplica activamente una política de diplomacia preventiva y arreglo pacífico de controversias.", "6. Namibia participa en la actual operación de mantenimiento de la paz en Camboya, bajo la Autoridad Provisional de las Naciones Unidas en Camboya (APRONUC), con un contingente de vehículos reforzados - Wolf. Según sea la experiencia de este contingente especializado de vehículos reforzados, Namibia, en el futuro, considerará seriamente toda petición de que participe en operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz con un contingente similar, con la única salvedad de que pueda tropezar con limitaciones financieras.", "7. Namibia desea destacar la importancia de que a los países que no se pueden permitir la formación especializada requerida se les preste la asistencia necesaria para poner sus fuerzas al nivel que se requiere para una participación efectiva en las operaciones internacionales de mantenimiento de la paz. Esto es especialmente pertinente en el caso de un país joven y en desarrollo como Namibia. Los vehículos reforzados - Wolf - requieren mantenimiento. En la operación de Camboya, las Naciones Unidas formularon la petición en el último momento. A causa de ello, sólo se pudieron enviar aquellos vehículos que estaban ya listos para ser utilizados, tal vez con algunos defectos que se podrían haber subsanado.", "8. El Gobierno de la República de Namibia considera que la financiación de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz es responsabilidad colectiva de todos los Estados Miembros, de conformidad lo dispuesto en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas. El Gobierno siempre ha pagado sus cuotas íntegra y puntualmente. Sin embargo, cabe señalar que, al aumentar las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, la financiación de esas operaciones se convertirá en una carga pesada para países en desarrollo como Namibia. Así pues, el Gobierno desea recalcar que, si se traslada a Namibia de la categoría, D a la C, según se propone en el informe del Secretario General (A/47/484), aumentará en un 100% su participación en operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. De todos modos, si se lleva a efecto la propuesta, cuyo objetivo es reservar la última categoría D, para los países menos adelantados, se impondrá una pesada carga sobre a países en desarrollo como Namibia.", "9. La recomendación que figura en el informe Ogata-Volcker (A/48/460, anexo, pág. 18), de que se cree un fondo rotatorio por la suma de 400 millones de dólares, abarataría el costo inicial de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz en comparación con el nivel actual de 150 millones de dólares; esa recomendación debería ser tenida en cuenta.", "QATAR", "[Original: árabe]", "[2 de agosto de 1993]", "1. El Gobierno de Qatar afirma la importancia del mecanismo de mantenimiento de la paz y de resguardo de la paz de conformidad con los artículos pertinentes de la Carta. También está de acuerdo con el Secretario General en cuanto a la importancia de la diplomacia preventiva para evitar el estallido de conflictos armados que amenazan la paz y la seguridad internacionales.", "2. El Gobierno de Qatar respalda asimismo las propuestas del Secretario General que figuran en los párrafos 34 a 44 de su informe titulado \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277-S/24111), en particular el uso de unidades de resguardo de la paz en circunstancias claramente definidas. Esas fuerzas deberían estar más armadas que las de mantenimiento de la paz y estar disponibles permanentemente para los propósitos enunciados en el Artículo 42 de la Carta.", "3. El Gobierno de Qatar cree que las propuestas presentadas por el Secretario General en su informe mencionado anteriormente para la financiación de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz y de resguardo de la paz son dignas de consideración y merecen apoyo.", "SUECIA[2]", "[Original: inglés]", "[20 de agosto de 1993]", "Gestiones en curso", "1. Los países nórdicos acogen con satisfacción y apoyan las gestiones en curso para reestructurar el Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz con objeto de fortalecer la capacidad de las Naciones Unidas en la esfera del mantenimiento de la paz.", "2. Los países nórdicos acogen con satisfacción especialmente la integración de las partes pertinentes de la División de Actividades sobre el Terreno en el Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz, por ser una medida que, en su opinión, fortalecerá y hará más eficaces la planificación, la gestión y el apoyo administrativo de las operaciones.", "3. Los países nórdicos esperan con interés los resultados de la labor del grupo de planificación de las unidades de reserva destinada a mejorar y acelerar el procedimiento mediante el cual la Organización obtiene personal o unidades adiestradas y equipo de los Estados Miembros para nuevas operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz o la ampliación de las ya existentes.", "4. Los países nórdicos están dispuestos a cooperar con la Secretaría, en la medida en que lo permitan sus recursos, para hallar personal adicional para tareas específicas en la esfera del mantenimiento de la paz que se pueda facilitar a las Naciones Unidas de manera provisional.", "5. Los países nórdicos acogen con satisfacción la creación de una sala de situación para las operaciones en Somalia y la ex Yugoslavia y encomian la intención del Secretario General de tomar medidas para el establecimiento de una sala de situación integrada que abarque las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz a nivel mundial. Lo que ahora se necesita es fortalecer de manera significativa la capacidad de la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas en lo que respecta a la gestión operacional, el mando y el control de las operaciones en curso.", "6. Los países nórdicos consideran, además, que la creación de una célula militar de planificación en el Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz es una medida esencial y oportuna para fortalecer la capacidad de la Secretaría.", "7. No obstante, los países nórdicos sugieren que, además de las medidas ya iniciadas, se considere la posibilidad de poner en práctica las siguientes propuestas en un futuro próximo:", "Organización y eficacia", "8. Se deben examinar y mejorar las disposiciones relativas a la capacitación del personal militar, civil y de la policía de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, haciendo uso de los recursos pertinentes de los Estados Miembros, las organizaciones y arreglos regionales, las organizaciones no gubernamentales y la Secretaría. En particular, se debería considerar la posibilidad de establecer un programa de capacitación de personal esencial de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz con miras a crear una reserva de personal capacitado que conozca el sistema de las Naciones Unidas y sus procedimientos de trabajo. Los países nórdicos están dispuestos a estudiar los medios de incrementar su cooperación con las Naciones Unidas y sus Estados Miembros en esta esfera.", "9. Al personal esencial de una operación de mantenimiento de la paz se le debería hacer participar en el proceso de planificación desde las primeras etapas. Uno de los principios rectores de este proceso debería ser que, en la medida de lo posible, las personas que vayan a llevar a cabo una operación de mantenimiento de la paz participen también en su planificación. Esto exigirá mayores esfuerzos por parte de la Secretaría para seleccionar en las primeras etapas, en cooperación con los Estados Miembros, al posible personal esencial, tales como comandantes de la fuerza y oficiales administrativos jefes, de futuras operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "10. A fin de facilitar las comunicaciones y la cooperación entre todas las partes, se debería proporcionar a los Estados Miembros, según procediera, descripciones de las esferas de responsabilidad de los diferentes expertos y asesores, así como de los oficiales administrativos de plantilla, del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz.", "Financiación", "11. La grave situación financiera en lo que respecta a las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz es una de las mayores preocupaciones de los países nórdicos. Deben adoptarse medidas, teniendo presentes las útiles propuestas que figuran en el informe Volcker-Ogata (A/48/460, anexo), para garantizar una financiación suficiente de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, sobre la base del principio de la responsabilidad colectiva y el pago íntegro y puntual de las cuotas. A ese respecto, los países nórdicos subrayan la importancia de que se abonen sin demora las sumas que se adeudan a los países que aportan contingentes.", "12. Los países nórdicos, si bien acogen con agrado el establecimiento del Fondo de Reserva para las Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz, destacan la necesidad de que haya más debates sobre la manera de lograr una financiación suficiente de la etapa inicial de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "13. Los países nórdicos sugieren que se tomen medidas para que se pueda delegar mayor autoridad financiera y administrativa al comandante de la fuerza o al representante especial de una misión integrada por diversos componentes como medio de mejorar el desempeño de la misión y lograr una mayor eficiencia en función de los costos. Con ese fin, es preciso revisar el Reglamento Financiero y la Reglamentación Financiera Detallada de las Naciones Unidas, así como los procedimientos administrativos para las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, a fin de incrementar la capacidad de las misiones de adaptarse con flexibilidad a las nuevas situaciones y a las necesidades específicas. Sin embargo, esas medidas deben ir acompañadas de gestiones encaminadas a proporcionar una capacitación adecuada al personal administrativo sobre el terreno y a fortalecer los procedimientos de control interno.", "Acuerdos y directrices", "14. La concertación de acuerdos sobre el estatuto de las fuerzas es esencial para la creación de una relación de trabajo bien definida entre las Naciones Unidas y el país anfitrión de una operación de mantenimiento de la paz. Por consiguiente, deben incrementarse los esfuerzos de la Secretaría para finalizar esos acuerdos, preferiblemente antes del despliegue de una fuerza de mantenimiento de la paz.", "15. Los países nórdicos desean también destacar la importancia decisiva del modelo de acuerdo entre las Naciones Unidas y los Estados Miembros que aportan personal y equipo a operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, sobre todo teniendo en cuenta que esas operaciones se vuelven cada vez más complejas. Se insta a la Secretaría a concertar esos acuerdos con los Estados Miembros que aportan contingentes.", "TAILANDIA", "[Original: inglés]", "[21 de julio de 1993]", "I. SOBRE LOS PRINCIPIOS GENERALES", "1. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia está de acuerdo con la observación del Secretario General de que la piedra angular de la labor de las Naciones Unidas es y debe seguir siendo el Estado. Por consiguiente, el respeto de la soberanía y la integridad de los Estados es fundamental en cualquier empresa común internacional y de las Naciones Unidas.", "2. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia sigue con gran interés el desarrollo de las actividades de resguardo de la paz de las Naciones Unidas. Dado que las actividades de resguardo de la paz entrañan nuevos riesgos considerables, el Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia considera que se deben considerar a fondo las ventajas y desventajas de cada una de las actividades de resguardo de la paz de las Naciones Unidas. En algunas situaciones, esas actividades pueden ser contraproducentes, sobre todo cuando no se haya obtenido el consentimiento de todas las partes en el conflicto.", "3. También se debe considerar más atentamente la sugerencia del Secretario General de que se envíe personal de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas a \"zonas de inestabilidad y crisis potencial\" para impedir que estallen hostilidades. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia considera indispensable que haya mayor claridad en lo que respecta al alcance y las circunstancias en que esto podría tener lugar.", "II. SOBRE LA CAPACIDAD DE LA SECRETARIA", "4. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia acoge con agrado la reciente ampliación de la Oficina del Asesor Militar. También apoya plenamente la sugerencia de que se integre la División de Actividades sobre el Terreno en el Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz.", "III. SOBRE PLANIFICACION", "5. Se reconoce en general la necesidad de mejorar los procedimientos de planificación. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia considera que se deben designar comandantes de las fuerzas lo antes posible para que participen directamente en la planificación preliminar, de modo que en las primeras etapas se pueda asesorar sobre la composición y las necesidades de las fuerzas a fin de garantizar una preparación adecuada de los países que aportan contingentes. Además, también se deben mejorar los procedimientos de adquisición y logística.", "IV. SOBRE MANDO Y CONTROL", "6. La rápida ampliación de las actividades de mantenimiento de la paz ha creado una necesidad urgente de que se establezca una sala de situación/centro de operaciones plenamente funcional en la Sede de las Naciones Unidas. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia comparte la opinión de que, como requisito mínimo, ese centro deba ser el único centro de coordinación de las comunicaciones y la información sobre las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. A largo plazo, podrá servir para integrar las necesidades operacionales, de logística, planificación e inteligencia de esas operaciones.", "V. SOBRE CAPACITACION", "7. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia cree que gran parte del éxito de todas las actividades de mantenimiento de la paz depende de que se cuente con personal bien preparado. Es obvio que la capacitación debe basarse en normas y conceptos operacionales convenidos. A ese respecto, le parece una excelente idea la preparación de un amplio manual de las Naciones Unidas sobre políticas y procedimientos de logística. Además, se debe estudiar seriamente la viabilidad de que se establezcan centros de capacitación regionales, dado que el intercambio de experiencias a nivel regional podría incrementar la capacidad y preparación de los Estados Miembros para hacer aportaciones a las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "VI. SOBRE FINANZAS", "8. Al Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia le preocupa seriamente desde hace mucho tiempo la precaria situación en lo relativo a la financiación de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. Está firmemente convencido de que las actividades de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas son tan esenciales para el mantenimiento de la paz mundial que no pueden depender de que existan o no limitaciones financieras y presupuestarias. En su opinión, la solución de este arduo problema sigue estando en que los Estados Miembros paguen sus cuotas íntegra y puntualmente. Ahora bien, se deben estudiar seriamente otros métodos audaces e innovadores sugeridos por el Secretario General en \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277-S/24111).", "VII. SOBRE LA SEGURIDAD DEL PERSONAL", "9. Como país que aporta contingentes, a Tailandia le preocupa gravemente el número cada vez mayor de víctimas entre el personal de mantenimiento de la paz y otro personal. El Gobierno del Reino de Tailandia confía en que se apliquen oportunamente las medidas recomendadas por la Asamblea General en su resolución 47/72, de 14 de diciembre de 1992.", "REINO UNIDO DE GRAN BRETAÑA E IRLANDA DEL NORTE", "[Original: inglés]", "[20 de julio de 1993]", "1. En respuesta a la declaración del Consejo de Seguridad del 28 de mayo de 1993 (S/25859) sobre las actividades complementarias a \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277-S/24111) el Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas pidió a los Estados Miembros que le señalaran aquellos aspectos de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas que había que reforzar y que le transmitieran ideas acerca de las medidas positivas que se podrían adoptar al respecto.", "Aspectos generales", "2. El Consejo de Seguridad y la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas tendrían que analizar cuidadosamente la situación sobre el terreno antes de convenir en iniciar una operación de las Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz. Esas operaciones requieren objetivos claros y realistas que propicien la solución de un proceso político en marcha y un mandato preciso, así como el consentimiento de las partes y la seguridad de que se dispondría de los recursos necesarios. Además, las Naciones Unidas y el Consejo de Seguridad deben prever que lo que tal vez desean las organizaciones regionales o los Estados Miembros es traspasar a las Naciones Unidas operaciones propias con las que no han logrado hallar la solución buscada y considerar la conveniencia de que las Naciones Unidas intervengan en esos casos. Asimismo, es necesario que las Naciones Unidas examinen con ánimo crítico los mandatos en vigor, a fin de determinar qué tipo de impulso se les debería dar para conducirlos a su objetivo final.", "3. El Gobierno británico acoge con agrado las considerables gestiones realizadas por el Secretario General con el objeto de fortalecer y aumentar la capacidad de las Naciones Unidas de proyectar y llevar a cabo operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. Se han tomado iniciativas útiles, en particular el reforzamiento del Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz, la creación de una sala de situación que funcione las 24 horas del día y el inicio de un proyecto de planificación de las unidades de reserva. El Reino Unido saluda las propuestas de integrar la División de Actividades sobre el Terreno en el Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz.", "Mando, control y planificación", "4. Es necesario definir con mayor nitidez las relaciones entre mando y control. Es fundamental que haya unidad de mando a los niveles más altos. Es improbable que esa unidad de mando se pueda lograr hasta que se encargue un único departamento de la Sede de las Naciones Unidas de todos los aspectos de una operación de mantenimiento de la paz.", "5. El comandante de la fuerza debería seguir ejerciendo la función de mando propiamente dicha (es decir, la autoridad para asignar efectivos de la fuerza a distintas tareas y reasignarlos según sea necesario). La Sede de las Naciones Unidas debería encargarse de proporcionar orientaciones a los comandantes y servir de enlace esencial político-militar, concentrándose más bien en los aspectos estratégicos, y no en los detalles de la planificación operacional; es preciso mejorar la capacidad en esa esfera.", "6. La facultad de responder con flexibilidad a la dinámica de una situación, que es necesaria para satisfacer las exigencias de una operación de mantenimiento de la paz, es el producto de tres factores principales: capacidad, pericia y experiencia. Asimismo, es preciso economizar esfuerzos, no sólo para reducir los costos, sino también para procurar que exista capacidad de remontar y asegurarse de que los escasos recursos se administran con prudencia. El Reino Unido considera que la mejor manera de aplicar esos cuatro principios a la Secretaría sería una dotación ampliada de personal de planificación y operaciones: una dotación general de personal para el mantenimiento de la paz. Esos hombres y mujeres, tanto civiles como militares, algunos de los cuales podrían ser personal adscrito proveniente de los distintos países, ajustarían su labor a una doctrina profesional convenida y podrían desempeñar las funciones básicas necesarias de la cadena de planificación estratégica de las Naciones Unidas, principalmente en la Sede de las Naciones Unidas en Nueva York, pero también sobre el terreno. Con ellos se ampliaría la dependencia de planificación y operaciones, existente en estado embrionario, y esa dependencia obtendría la capacidad, la pericia y la experiencia necesarias para poder funcionar eficazmente. Ese personal debería realizar su trabajo con arreglo a normas establecidas y tener objetivos de ejecución claramente definidos. En el anexo figuran más detalles sobre las tareas del personal de planificación y operaciones.", "7. El personal de planificación y operaciones debería proporcionar a las Naciones Unidas un \"sistema nervioso\" para el cual el personal actual de la Organización no está estructurado ni cuenta con recursos. No desempeñaría funciones de mando, pero se encargaría del desarrollo inicial de un plan operacional hasta el momento en que se designara al Comandante de la Fuerza y su personal. Es importante que el comandante de la fuerza esté vinculado con la planificación desde el principio. También se podría enviar a los funcionarios de planificación y operaciones a las distintas operaciones como oficiales mayores de personal de los comandantes de las Naciones Unidas. Sin embargo, sería preciso lograr un equilibrio entre las necesidades sobre el terreno y las necesidades en la Sede de Nueva York. Se debería tener buen cuidado de no diluir el núcleo central de conocimientos especializados hasta el punto de que resultara ineficaz. Al preparar un plan operacional, es preciso prestar la debida atención a los costos potenciales, para velar por que los gastos no excedan del nivel imprescindible para realizar con eficacia las tareas.", "8. Asimismo, es necesario examinar los mejores medios de atraer a funcionarios que estén habituados a trabajar juntos para que formen el núcleo de un centro de operaciones cuando se despliegue una nueva misión. Se podría pedir a los Estados que designaran a los funcionarios que podrían ser convocados por las Naciones Unidas para reemplazar a determinados miembros del personal de mantenimiento de la paz en el centro de operaciones, a los cuales se podría enviar a una nueva misión. El Reino Unido sugiere que el núcleo de funcionarios del cuadro orgánico de los centros de operaciones sobre el terreno provenga sobre todo de los Estados afectados o de las principales naciones. En ocasiones, una organización regional podría proporcionar ese núcleo. En el mejor de los casos, los funcionarios que ocupen puestos deberían haber recibido capacitación relativa a los procedimientos de la Sede de las Naciones Unidas y estar habituados a trabajar en un entorno multinacional. La interrelación de ese personal capacitado con los miembros del personal de planificación y operaciones que sean desplegados sobre el terreno, y que aportarán continuidad y conocimientos especializados, contribuirá a superar las desventajas inherentes con que se tropieza cuando se establece un centro de operaciones multinacional en la zona de una misión determinada.", "Comunicaciones e información", "9. Las Naciones Unidas tienen que proporcionar a los comandantes de la fuerza un análisis político pormenorizado, sobre la base de datos exactos y actualizados, acerca de la situación sobre el terreno. Quienes mejor realizan la labor de obtener esos datos son los expertos, que suelen utilizar equipo especializado. Para las Naciones Unidas, el costo de desarrollar internamente una capacidad viable de reunión de información militar resultaría prohibitivo. Por consiguiente, las Naciones Unidas deberían tratar de utilizar en mayor medida las capacidades que las distintas naciones u organizaciones multinacionales ya posean. Además, los comandantes de la fuerza deben poder desarrollar la capacidad de analizar información militar.", "10. Las Naciones Unidas tienen que crear una red de comunicaciones que abarque todo el sistema, a fin de que las comunicaciones estratégicas resulten eficientes y eficaces en función de los costos. Un grupo de trabajo sobre comunicaciones podría determinar el mejor modo de lograr que todas las entidades de las Naciones Unidas (incluidos los organismos) que participan en las operaciones puedan comunicarse mutuamente con eficacia. La clave es garantizar normas comunes y compatibilidad.", "11. Las Naciones Unidas podrían estudiar la necesidad de coordinar las tareas de levantamiento de mapas y la disponibilidad de éstos para las operaciones, así como el nombramiento de un asesor especializado en cartografía que forme parte del componente militar.", "Desactivación de minas", "12. El Reino Unido acoge con satisfacción el nombramiento por la Secretaría de un experto en barrido de minas. Es fundamental que esa tarea se coordine con todos los organismos interesados.", "Doctrinas y normas operacionales uniformes para el mantenimiento de la paz", "13. El hecho de que las fuerzas de las Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz procedan de numerosos Estados Miembros es una de las mayores ventajas, ya que significa que las misiones de las Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz pueden considerarse una manifestación de la preocupación de toda la comunidad internacional y no un medio de promover intereses nacionales o regionales más limitados. Sin embargo, esa ventaja política puede crear dificultades desde el punto de vista militar, al intentar trabajar juntas, con frecuencia por primera vez, fuerzas provenientes de naciones diversas con distintos niveles de conocimientos técnicos, que se rigen por distintas normas operacionales.", "14. La experiencia del Reino Unido como miembro de una alianza multinacional nos lleva a expresar la firme opinión de que la publicación de una doctrina táctica de las Naciones Unidas, sobre cuya base se pudieran elaborar normas operacionales uniformes, facilitaría la integración de una fuerza de las Naciones Unidas. Las Naciones Unidas tal vez desearan basarse en normas operacionales uniformes ya existentes que resulten pertinentes, como las establecidas por la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico del Norte (OTAN) para un entorno multinacional.", "15. Una vez que se elaboren, esa doctrina y esas normas operacionales uniformes se deberían difundir más ampliamente entre los Estados Miembros, tras ser adaptadas para tener en cuenta las operaciones en curso. Las naciones que aporten contingentes deberían tener pleno conocimiento de esas normas y estar en condiciones de aplicarlas antes del despliegue.", "Capacitación", "16. Las tareas de capacitación se deberían seguir realizando a nivel nacional, pero estructurándolas con miras a cumplir las normas de las Naciones Unidas relativas a los efectivos y las unidades. Se deberían examinar las posibilidades de que las escuelas superiores para el personal en todo el mundo se beneficiaran de un conjunto común de conocimientos al impartir capacitación a sus principales oficiales. Los Estados que tengan experiencia deberían estar dispuestos a enviar personal que participara en la labor de otras escuelas superiores para el personal y las ayudara a elaborar sus propios programas de capacitación.", "17. Asimismo, las Naciones Unidas podrían estudiar la posibilidad de que los países con experiencia en materia de mantenimiento de la paz desplegaran equipos reducidos de capacitación a corto plazo que se encargarían de adiestrar a unidades de las naciones menos experimentadas. Esa labor de capacitación se podría organizar a nivel regional y resultaría particularmente valiosa para los contingentes a los que se habría de asignar a la misma zona de una misión determinada.", "18. Tal vez quepa la posibilidad de que un equipo más reducido de funcionarios de capacitación de las Naciones Unidas adiestre al personal designado de antemano para desempeñar puestos esenciales en centros de operaciones locales. Gran parte de ese adiestramiento se podría impartir mediante técnicas de aprendizaje a distancia, tal vez haciendo uso de escuelas superiores para el personal a nivel nacional o regional.", "Interfaz político-militar y cooperación con otros organismos", "19. Es importante fomentar la comprensión entre los militares y los civiles, tanto en lo que respecta a las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz como a las relaciones con organismos humanitarios y de otra índole interesados.", "Observadores militares de las Naciones Unidas y observadores civiles", "20. Las Naciones Unidas se enfrentan a una escasez de observadores militares. También se podría examinar la posibilidad de establecer un núcleo de observadores civiles de las Naciones Unidas, que podrían ser personas con experiencia diplomática o ex militares que desearan prestar servicios a las Naciones Unidas; esos observadores civiles tendrían funciones similares a las de los observadores militares de las Naciones Unidas y podrían aportar una capacidad analítica adicional a fin de reforzar la labor de los asesores civiles de las Naciones Unidas. El objetivo podría consistir en desplegar equipos mixtos de observadores militares y civiles de las Naciones Unidas, que al combinar sus tareas podrían contribuir a la creación de vínculos y su labor al establecimiento de la paz que realizarían con arreglo a una doctrina común en apoyo del comandante de una fuerza.", "Logística", "21. El Reino Unido reconoce la necesidad de aumentar la capacidad logística de las Naciones Unidas. Un primer paso podría ser la formulación de normas operacionales uniformes para todas las esferas del apoyo logístico, incluidas las finanzas. El Reino Unido acoge con agrado y apoya plenamente el proyecto encabezado por el Canadá de establecer normas operacionales uniformes. Abriga la esperanza de que los resultados se puedan aplicar a toda la gama de operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "22. Será necesario complementar la elaboración y aplicación de una doctrina logística y normas operacionales uniformes con el suministro de capacitación a los países que aportan contingentes. Un Estado Miembro que posea los conocimientos especializados necesarios podría tomar la iniciativa y preparar un conjunto de servicios de capacitación.", "23. En los casos en que la situación sobre el terreno lo permita y resulte beneficioso desde el punto de vista económico se podría recurrir a contratistas civiles mediante licitación internacional. Ahora bien, es evidente que habría que coordinar las actividades logísticas globales, incluidas las relativas a los aspectos que estén a cargo del personal civil.", "24. Existe la innegable necesidad de coordinar los movimientos de los efectivos y tanto las evacuaciones de bajas en el teatro de operaciones como las evacuaciones por motivos médicos fuera de ese teatro.", "25. Teniendo en cuenta las presiones ejercidas sobre el personal internacional de las Naciones Unidas en el período intermedio, antes de que se aplique un criterio general sobre cuestiones de personal, las Naciones Unidas podrían emplear más funcionarios de contratación local, con los que se supliría la carencia de personal mediante contratos locales a corto plazo. Esos funcionarios podrían ser expertos en logística, administración, contabilidad, etc.", "Información pública", "26. Las Naciones Unidas necesitan adoptar un criterio más activo en lo que respecta a la política de información pública sobre las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. Deberían contratar más funcionarios especializados en tratar con los medios de difusión, ya que cada una de las operaciones se ve sometida a intensas presiones. Es necesario capacitar a personal de la Sede y de la misión para que se ocupe de los medios de difusión, presente argumentos convincentes sobre una operación determinada y formule comentarios sobre ella a medida que se desarrollo. Ya no se puede seguir supervisando dicha información exclusivamente desde Nueva York. Sería deseable que se estableciera una corriente más sistemática de información entre las Naciones Unidas y los países que aportan contingentes. Las Naciones Unidas podrían procurar contratar a especialistas (o, de hecho, a ex periodistas) a nivel local como personal de apoyo de las misiones.", "27. Al país al que se envía una misión se le debe explicar claramente, de antemano, en qué consiste el mandato y los objetivos de aquella. Por lo tanto, es evidente la necesidad de contar con una fuente de información importante desde el momento en que se envíe una misión de reconocimiento técnico a fin de estudiar la mejor manera de describir el mandato y la propia operación al país al que se envía la misión y a las partes locales.", "Administración y financiación sobre el terreno", "28. Las Naciones Unidas necesitan crear un cuerpo altamente profesional y capacitado de oficiales administrativos jefes que atiendan a las múltiples necesidades de las operaciones en curso y que, cumpliendo el principio de unidad de mando, presenten informes al Departamento de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz en Nueva York a través del jefe de la misión. Los distintos Estados podrían prestar asistencia en las actividades de capacitación para lograr que se utilicen los mejores métodos y haya entendimiento mutuo y esprit de corps. En ocasiones, el personal de las misiones en curso de grandes dimensiones podría encargarse de realizar en el teatro de operaciones algunas de las actividades de capacitación para futuras operaciones.", "29. Se deberían agilizar los procedimientos para contratar, en determinadas condiciones, personal civil a corto plazo. Los contratistas que ordinariamente proporcionan a las Naciones Unidas mano de obra calificada deberían recibir juegos de materiales de información y se las debería alentar a que prepararan sus propios cursos de capacitación.", "30. El Reino Unido está convencido de que en toda operación convendría otorgar un mayor grado de autoridad financiera delegada a los oficiales administrativos jefes. Para ello debería establecerse al mismo tiempo un sistema de inspecciones periódicas a fin de determinar si los recursos se utilizan de manera apropiada. Los procedimientos de las auditorías militares tienen indudable relevancia para las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz.", "Equipo, costos y financiación", "31. El Reino Unido está de acuerdo en que podría haber ventajas operacionales en la creación de reservas rotatorias limitadas, derivadas posiblemente de recursos no utilizados en operaciones en curso, a fin de garantizar que se puedan satisfacer las necesidades inmediatas de despliegue en casos de emergencia. Además, el Reino Unido es consciente de que habría gastos por concepto de almacenamiento, conservación y rotación y pérdidas causadas por el desuso. Habría que estudiar a fondo las consecuencias financieras que ello podría tener, antes de volver a analizar esta cuestión.", "32. Se debería examinar también la posibilidad de utilizar más los contratos comanditarios entre las Naciones Unidas y empresas comerciales y países, en los casos de artículos que se utilicen con frecuencia. Habría que negociar de antemano los costos y las existencias tendrían que estar sujetas a inspecciones.", "33. Las Naciones Unidas deberían considerar la posibilidad de aplicar a todos los países que aportan contingentes un acuerdo uniforme de arrendamiento de equipo militar avanzado, en lugar de utilizar una fórmula de depreciación.", "34. Podría convenir que se explorara la posibilidad de que los Estados que posean equipo militar apropiado y en buen estado pagaran en especie hasta un determinado porcentaje de sus cuotas, con sujeción a inspección y verificación y tras la concertación de acuerdos sobre los costos de artículos concretos y sobre un conjunto de servicios de conservación.", "35. Antes de aprobar una resolución determinada, las Naciones Unidas deben presentar una estimación de los costos potenciales lo más completa posible, preferiblemente con 48 horas de antelación, a fin de que todos los Estados Miembros puedan examinar las consecuencias financieras antes de que se lleve a cabo la votación.", "36. El Reino Unido acepta en principio que la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas, a partir del momento en que se apruebe una resolución, deba enviar una notificación de cuotas correspondiente al 20% de los costos estimados, a fin de sufragar las necesidades inmediatas del despliegue. Para ello, la estimación de los costos potenciales tendría que estar disponible desde mucho antes. Además, podría ser útil que esos costos potenciales se examinaran de antemano con, por ejemplo, los quince principales países contribuyentes. Según las respuestas que se reciban, se debería autorizar al Secretario General a utilizar el fondo de reserva de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz para sufragar los gastos iniciales.", "37. Sin embargo, ésta es únicamente una solución a corto plazo. A largo plazo, no hay nada que pueda reemplazar el pago puntual e íntegro de las cuotas por los Estados Miembros. Se debería seguir instando en toda ocasión a los Estados Miembros, en particular a aquellos que son deudores recalcitrantes, a que sean mejores pagadores.", "38. Para mejorar la eficacia de las Naciones Unidas, las propuestas de operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz que de por sí dieran lugar a un aumento de los gastos deberían financiarse con los ahorros obtenidos mediante una nueva asignación de prioridades en el presupuesto ordinario o con cargo a un presupuesto de operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, según procediera.", "Unidades de reserva", "39. El Reino Unido acoge con agrado el inicio del proyecto de planificación de las unidades de reserva. Para que las fuerzas de mantenimiento de la paz puedan desplegarse con rapidez y estár provistas del equipo apropiado para la tarea de que se trate, es fundamental que el Secretario General cuente con información precisa sobre las fuerzas que los Estados Miembros estén dispuestos a aportar. El proceso de verificación es importante. Sería conveniente que se llevaran a cabo inspecciones anuales de un determinado porcentaje de las unidades declaradas y se pusieren al día los datos correspondientes. Por otra parte, las Naciones Unidas podrían seguir la práctica de la OTAN de enviar equipos a recabar información de los Estados de manera sistemática (como se hace con el cuestionario de la OTAN de planificación de la defensa). El Reino Unido se congratula de la proyectada visita a la OTAN.", "40. El Reino Unido cuenta con unas fuerzas armadas integradas por profesionales de dedicación plena, que cumplen compromisos muy diversos en todo el mundo. Debido a la índole de esos compromisos, al Reino Unido le resulta imposible asignar fuerzas al servicio exclusivo de las Naciones Unidas. No sería posible garantizar la disponibilidad de esas fuerzas. Sin embargo, el Reino Unido está dispuesto a examinar nuevas peticiones de que asigne fuerzas a las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz, considerando cada caso por separado y teniendo en cuenta los recursos que ya se hayan destinado a otros lugares.", "41. Por consiguiente, el Reino Unido cooperará plenamente con el grupo de planificación de las unidades de reserva, el cual deberá efectuar una visita al Reino Unido en un futuro cercano, explicándole sus diversas capacidades pertinentes tanto de mando como operacionales, aunque las solicitudes de desplegar efectivos tendrían que examinarse caso por caso.", "42. Los países que aportan fuerzas en la etapa inicial desearían asegurarse de que el compromiso de desplegar sus efectivos en esa etapa inicial se viera correspondido por otro compromiso por parte de las Naciones Unidas de convenir en una fecha firme de conclusión de ese compromiso inicial. Tal vez conviniera seguir analizando el criterio de que los países con efectivos disponibles bien adiestrados y equipados aportaran los primeros contingentes de una determinada fuerza de mantenimiento de la paz, para posibilitar así que otros países tengan tiempo de adiestrar y equipar a sus propias fuerzas hasta que alcancen el nivel requerido.", "43. El grupo podría examinar también la cuestión relativa al apoyo logístico que los Estados Miembros podrían poner a disposición de las Naciones Unidas, incluidos los traslados estratégicos.", "Policía civil de las Naciones Unidas", "44. La policía civil de las Naciones Unidas desempeña una función fundamental en las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas. Pero las distintas fuerzas policiales difieren mucho entre sí en lo que respecta al adiestramiento recibido y a los métodos utilizados. Las Naciones Unidas podrían examinar la posibilidad de efectuar un ejercicio de planificación de la reserva para analizar también la disponibilidad, los tipos y el adiestramiento de policías civiles, a fin de evaluar qué tipo de fuerza de policía es el más apropiado para una determinada misión.", "Función de las organizaciones regionales", "45. El Reino Unido es partidario de que las organizaciones regionales desempeñen una función mayor en el establecimiento de la paz, y posiblemente en el mantenimiento de la paz. Esas organizaciones conocen a fondo las condiciones locales y pueden aportar información de expertos sobre los antecedentes de un conflicto determinado.", "46. Por lo tanto, se podría examinar la posibilidad de reforzar y propiciar los vínculos con las organizaciones regionales apropiadas.", "47. Asimismo, cabría la posibilidad de recurrir a las organizaciones regionales para que ayudaran a capacitar al personal para operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz y talvez para la realización de actividades multinacionales.", "48. El Reino Unido apoya la idea de que se repartan las tareas y que las organizaciones regionales desempeñen una función mayor en sus propias esferas de competencia, en particular en lo que respecta al mantenimiento de la paz, sin dejar de reconocer que las Naciones Unidas tienen primacía en toda situación relacionada con la paz y la seguridad internacionales.", "ANEXO", "Algunas de las funciones del personal de planificación", "y operaciones", "a)Preparar información para asesorar al Secretario General en todos los aspectos de las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas en apoyo de la paz.", "b)Elaborar amplios planes de contingencia y mantener un banco de datos sobre las unidades de reserva.", "c)Formular propuestas relativas a la necesidad de fuerzas, el mando, la verificación y las comunicaciones, la logística, las normas para trabar combate y las necesidades y normas en materia de capacitación.", "d)Servir de enlace con los países y las organizaciones regionales y de otra índole, en particular en las esferas comprendidas en los apartados b) y c) supra.", "e)Prestar apoyo a las misiones de reconocimiento del Representante Especial y preparar evaluaciones desde el punto de vista militar.", "f)Verificar la aplicación de las normas establecidas por el Consejo de Seguridad para las operaciones de las Naciones Unidas.", "g)Proporcionar servicios de apoyo las 24 horas del día a las operaciones en curso.", "h)Preparar informes con posterioridad a las operaciones para el Consejo de Seguridad.", "YUGOSLAVIA", "[Original: inglés]", "[26 de agosto de 1993]", "La República Federativa de Yugoslavia apoya la iniciativa y el intento de definir criterios y fundamentos de las relaciones internacionales y el cometido de las Naciones Unidas en las nuevas condiciones que se han instaurado tras el final de la guerra fría, especialmente habida cuenta de la insistencia del Secretario General en tratar de resolver todos los problemas y conflictos por medios pacíficos.", "Habida cuenta de que todos reconocen y aceptan la función e importancia primordial de las Naciones Unidas en todos los procesos futuros tendientes a establecer salvaguardias y promover la paz mundial, es bastante comprensible que el enfoque y las orientaciones básicas de \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277‑S/24111) susciten un apoyo generalizado entre los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas, incluida la República Federativa de Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia ha hecho su propia contribución a las actividades de preparación del \"Programa\", si bien la importancia y alcance de esa aportación muchas veces se vieron limitadas por las sanciones de las Naciones Unidas; de no haber existido estas sanciones, dicha contribución habría sido mucho más vasta y conforme a los deseos y posibilidades de Yugoslavia.", "Como uno de los Estados Miembros fundador de las Naciones Unidas, que participó en muchas misiones de paz bajo los auspicios de la Organización mundial durante toda su historia, Yugoslavia ha sido uno de los más firmes promotores de los principios básicos plasmados en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, como la paz, la cooperación pacífica, el fomento de la confianza y la promoción de las relaciones entre los Estados y el respeto de los derechos humanos, en favor de la prosperidad general.", "Es indudable que la nueva índole de las relaciones internacionales en el período posterior a la guerra fría, caracterizadas por el deseo de cooperación y no de enfrentamiento, exige los pertinentes ajustes estructurales y conceptuales en las Naciones Unidas, para obtener respuestas más eficaces y apropiadas a los retos del futuro. Al mismo tiempo, los propios Estados Miembros, y entre ellos, los más grandes, poderosos y desarrollados, deben también adaptar sus propias políticas y posiciones. Deberán hacerlo teniendo siempre presentes los principios básicos de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, como piedra angular que sustenta todas las actividades futuras de la Organización. Ello es así, porque las Naciones Unidas tienen la más sagrada de las misiones, a saber, la preservación de la paz y la seguridad mundiales, y asumen la responsabilidad primordial de cumplir esta función de forma eficaz, imparcial y justa, de conformidad con el derecho internacional. Por consiguiente, la transformación de las instituciones internacionales, y principalmente las Naciones Unidas, para adaptarse a las nuevas condiciones, se hará mediante modalidades de cooperación multilateral y con la participación de todos sus Estados Miembros, en un pie de igualdad. Es indudable que la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas constituye la tribuna más apropiada para todas estas actividades.", "Desde el punto de vista político, sería poco realista no tomar en cuenta el ascendiente y poderío de las grandes Potencias del mundo y su influencia en la formulación del nuevo sistema de relaciones internacionales. Por consiguiente, en las actividades futuras vinculadas al establecimiento del sistema iniciado con el \"Programa\", se deberá mostrar un alto grado de responsabilidad en el enfoque de todos los factores pertinentes, y de esos países en particular. Si se evolucionara hacia la promoción de los intereses de algunos países o algunos grupos de países, a costa de los intereses de otros, las intenciones básicas proclamadas en el \"Programa\" quedarían anuladas.", "Las decisiones que haya adoptado o adopte en el futuro el Consejo de Seguridad con respecto a la crisis en la ex Yugoslavia son una prueba elocuente de que las cuestiones abordadas en el \"Programa\" merecen atenderse con urgencia y abordarse sin prejuicios ni parcialidad; ello, lamentablemente, no ha ocurrido en el caso de Yugoslavia.", "Al estallar la crisis yugoslava, las Naciones Unidas establecieron una fuerza de protección de la paz (UNPROFOR) con la tarea específica de proteger a la población hasta que se lograra una solución política duradera. Sobre el terreno, la UNPROFOR estableció una cooperación eficaz con la Misión de Observación de la Comunidad Europea. El mandato de la UNPROFOR se extendió gradualmente, tanto en lo que respecta al territorio abarcado (además de las zonas protegidas por las Naciones Unidas, comprendía la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina, Prevlaka y Macedonia), como las tareas encomendadas por lo cual las operaciones de paz en el territorio de la ex Yugoslavia representan actualmente la operación de paz más importante, compleja y onerosa de la historia de las Naciones Unidas. Durante su misión, se aprobaron resoluciones por las que se autorizaba la utilización de la fuerza, con arreglo al Capítulo VII de la Carta, a fin de garantizar el envío de asistencia humanitaria e implantar refugios seguros en la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina. Se ha establecido una estrecha cooperación entre las Naciones Unidas y la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico del Norte (OTAN) para la aplicación de las decisiones del Consejo de Seguridad sobre la zona de prohibición de vuelos en la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina.", "El Consejo de Seguridad, sin haber evaluado antes adecuadamente la situación, aprobó resoluciones por la que se imponían sanciones injustas y parciales contra la República Federativa de Yugoslavia. Estas sanciones, por su carácter severo y global, no tienen precedentes en la historia de las Naciones Unidas y castigan a todo un pueblo. Es particularmente absurda la resolución 820 (1993), que aísla a la República Federativa de Yugoslavia del mundo exterior y que - el insulto se suma al perjuicio - se aprobó porque los serbios de Bosnia, ciudadanos de otro Estado reconocido por las Naciones Unidas, se habían negado a aceptar el plan Vance-Owen para la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina. La aprobación de esta resolución en ese momento fue una manifestación de hipocresía puesto que la República Federativa de Yugoslavia había apoyado el plan Vance-Owen como marco para la búsqueda de una paz justa y duradera, aceptable para los tres participantes en la guerra civil en la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina. La \"ligereza inadmisible\" de la comunidad internacional en la crisis en la ex Yugoslavia se ha visto confirmada por los acontecimientos: el plan Vance-Owen ha sido prácticamente abandonado; sin embargo, las sanciones decretadas contra la República Federativa de Yugoslavia no sólo no se han levantado, sino que se sigue insistiendo en su aplicación estricta. La incoherencia, e incluso arbitrariedad manifestada frente a los propósitos y los principios de la Carta no contribuyen en absoluto a fortalecer la paz y la seguridad mundial, y mucho menos a la aprobación y afianzamiento de \"Un programa de paz\".", "Con estos antecedentes, la experiencia de cooperación de la República Federativa de Yugoslavia con las Naciones Unidas, para la solución de la crisis en el territorio de la ex República Socialista Federativa de Yugoslavia, es sumamente valiosa para la labor futura de las Naciones Unidas en lo que respecta al mantenimiento de la paz, la financiación de la operación y la contratación de personal, pero también un ejemplo de un precedente peligroso sentado en nombre y bajo la autoridad de la Organización mundial.", "En este contexto, la República Federativa de Yugoslavia se siente obligada a hacer varias observaciones sobre algunas tendencias inadmisibles en las relaciones internacionales, que se manifestaron particularmente en el proceso de solución de la crisis yugoslava. A partir de la adhesión constante de Yugoslavia a la causa de la paz y los principios básicos de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y el derecho internacional, así como la experiencia adquirida en la solución de la crisis en la ex Yugoslavia, a continuación se presentan algunas posiciones sobre \"Un programa de paz\".", "La importancia y el lugar de las Naciones Unidas en el establecimiento, la salvaguardia y la promoción de la paz y la seguridad mundiales son irremplazables. Las Naciones Unidas son y deben seguir siendo el principal centro eficaz e imparcial de todas las actividades tendientes a establecer, salvaguardar y proteger la paz y la seguridad en el mundo.", "El Consejo de Seguridad es el principal órgano ejecutivo de las Naciones Unidas, y primer responsable del mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales. Esta función del Consejo de Seguridad fue muy evidente durante el proceso de solución de la crisis yugoslava. Lamentablemente, también han cobrado importancia algunas tendencias nuevas y negativas.", "Durante la aprobación de las decisiones pertinentes del Consejo de Seguridad, especialmente las relativas a la guerra en la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina, existía un alto grado de convergencia, especialmente entre los miembros permanentes del Consejo de Seguridad; a raíz de ello, como norma las decisiones se adoptaron por unanimidad, en contraste con el período de la guerra fría, práctica que en sí misma no es en absoluto negativa. Esta es, indudablemente, una característica nueva e importante y un signo de la consolidación del papel del Consejo de Seguridad. Dicha tendencia, y la República Federativa de Yugoslavia está convencida de compartir la opinión de muchos otros países a este respecto, es loable sólo si la unanimidad del Consejo de Seguridad no refleja la supremacía absoluta y la arbitrariedad de algunos de sus miembros permanentes, que otros países aprueban tácitamente, o por lo menos no desaprueban abiertamente, conscientes de su incapacidad, en una relación de fuerzas determinada, de ejercer influencia decisiva y, de esta forma, modificar o incluso prevenir la adopción de determinadas decisiones.", "Habida cuenta de lo dicho, y sin perjuicio de la importancia del Consejo de Seguridad y la universalidad de intereses y la necesidad de establecer una paz duradera y estable, el proceso iniciado en el marco del \"Programa\" debe contar con la participación de todos los interesados, es decir, todos los miembros de las Naciones Unidas, en la planificación de soluciones futuras. La forma más adecuada de esa participación es a través de sus actividades en la Asamblea General y al mismo tiempo, es preciso reforzar considerablemente la función de este órgano capital de la Organización.", "Como Estado que ha contribuido bastante a la formulación del cometido de las fuerzas de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas y otras actividades de las Naciones Unidas, la República Federativa de Yugoslavia comprende la importancia de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz y su necesidad de una financiación periódica.", "La experiencia de todas las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas, y particularmente la adquirida en las guerras civiles, como en el caso de la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina y Somalia, han demostrado que entre las funciones prioritarias de estas misiones figura la prestación de asistencia humanitaria. El problema específico es garantizar la protección de las fuerzas de las Naciones Unidas. Habida cuenta de la complejidad de estas cuestiones, se debe buscar una solución eficaz al problema, que asegure una administración fluida de las actividades de las Naciones Unidas, especialmente cuando se debe recurrir a la fuerza, sobre la base de una observancia estricta de los principios de la Carta y las disposiciones pertinentes del derecho internacional, así como de un análisis cuidadoso y una concepción elaborada en que se tomen en cuenta todos los elementos y especificidades pertinentes del Estado y de la región de que se trata. Las Naciones Unidas, pues, sólo deberían intervenir en los asuntos de un país si lo consiente el país interesado. Sobre todo, porque el mandato de las Naciones Unidas se extiende cada vez con mayor frecuencia a cuestiones que tradicionalmente eran de competencia de los propios Estados, y cada vez más se buscan soluciones por conducto de acuerdos que prevén el empleo de la fuerza, ya sea por parte de las Naciones Unidas o mediante asistencia militar recabada fuera del sistema de las Naciones Unidas, opción a que la República Federativa de Yugoslavia objeta categóricamente.", "Un futuro orden internacional que se base en precedentes, el apartamiento de los principios básicos de la Carta y el derecho internacional, o incluso su violación flagrante, la aplicación de un \"doble rasero\", práctica deplorable empleada en la crisis yugoslava, particularmente evidente en el reconocimiento internacional de la secesión forzosa de las partes administrativas de la ex República Socialista Federativa de Yugoslavia, y la negativa de reconocer la legitimidad de la continuidad internacional de la República Federativa de Yugoslavia, así como en el establecimiento de sanciones injustas, parciales y prácticamente racistas contra toda la nación, son factores que no sólo son peligrosos y conducentes al caos sino también, sin duda alguna, una fuente de tensión, conflictos y amenazas constantes a la paz y a la seguridad. El ejemplo de Yugoslavia aporta muchas pruebas al respecto.", "Estos elementos se confirman con los intentos cada vez más frecuentes y peligrosos de involucrar a organizaciones regionales fuera de los territorios de sus Estados miembros (CE, OTAN, Unión Europea Occidental (UEO), Organización de la Conferencia Islámica, bajo el pretexto de recabar su cooperación con las Naciones Unidas en el mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad. El motivo obvio de esta actitud es satisfacer, de esta manera, objetivos e intereses particulares de tipo político, estratégico u otro orden. Es especialmente inaceptable que se intente utilizar a las Naciones Unidas como pantalla para la consecución de objetivos particulares y fundamentalmente expansionistas. Las Naciones Unidas tienen la obligación moral de oponerse a esos intentos. Es preciso también que consideren seriamente esas cuestiones en sus debates sobre la preparación del \"Programa\", para asegurar que la Organización asuma un nuevo lugar y función en el mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad, y para promover el progreso y la prosperidad en todo el mundo.", "La experiencia adquirida en la crisis yugoslava revela una tendencia que, de proseguirse, podría tener repercusiones muy graves en la evolución futura de las relaciones internacionales. Concretamente, las Naciones Unidas y su Consejo de Seguridad recurren hoy con mucho más facilidad al empleo de la fuerza, en virtud del Capítulo VII de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas. Al hacerlo, se apartan cada vez con mayor frecuencia de los principios básicos de la Carta y del espíritu de las normas del derecho internacional, o los interpretan de forma muy amplia, y a veces incluso arbitraria. El ejemplo más patente es la decisión de establecer un Tribunal Internacional para el enjuiciamiento de los presuntos responsables de las violaciones graves del derecho internacional humanitario cometidas en el territorio de la ex Yugoslavia. Es obvio que unos pocos países ejercieron una influencia decisiva en la adopción de esa decisión, tratando por esa vía de satisfacer algunos de sus intereses específicos, y amparándose indebidamente en la autoridad de las Naciones Unidas.", "Es sumamente peligroso que el Consejo de Seguridad adopte sus decisiones con precipitación, sobre la base de acusaciones falsas y por motivos políticos, como lamentablemente ha sido el caso muchas veces al abordarse la crisis yugoslava.", "Estos precedentes consolidan sólo en apariencia la credibilidad y autoridad de la Organización mundial, no propician el fomento de la confianza ni tampoco constituyen un modelo para la solución de conflictos futuros. Las sanciones injustas, parciales y sumamente severas impuestas contra la República Federativa de Yugoslavia son indicadores de un apartamiento inadmisible de los principios establecidos de la Carta y los principios y normas fundamentales del derecho internacional.", "Un ejemplo notorio de duplicidad y aplicación de un doble rasero ha sido el desconocimiento del derecho de la República Federativa de Yugoslavia a participar en las actividades de las Naciones Unidas y de otros órganos y organizaciones internacionales. Este método de castigo a un Estado, que es Miembro de pleno derecho de las Naciones Unidas, sin fundamento jurídico alguno en la Carta o el derecho internacional, no es en absoluto la forma más acertada de resolver los problemas y conflictos internacionales. Es particularmente improcedente en el caso de una guerra civil como la que se libra en el territorio de la ex República Yugoslava de Bosnia y Herzegovina.", "La República Federativa de Yugoslavia, en sus relaciones internacionales, asigna una prioridad absoluta a la utilización de medios políticos para la solución de todos los conflictos y diferencias y, en ese marco, aprecia y agradece altamente los esfuerzos del Secretario General por llegar a una solución pacífica de algunas crisis y conflictos. Por consiguiente, al elaborarse las actividades futuras de las Naciones Unidas previstas en el \"Programa\", se deberá dedicar especial atención a la solución pacífica de controversias y a la diplomacia preventiva. En este sentido, convendría realzar la importancia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia, cuya función ha sido injustamente dejada de lado, y tratar de recabar y utilizar con mayor frecuencia en el futuro sus consejos especializados e imparciales.", "La República Federativa de Yugoslavia opina que las medidas de fuerza y coacción previstas en el Capítulo VII de la Carta, en particular las sanciones, deberían emplearse sólo como último recurso y una vez que la comunidad internacional haya agotado los demás medios en la búsqueda de una solución pacífica. Las medidas coercitivas, y las sanciones en particular, no son aptas para resolver un conflicto internacional, especialmente una guerra civil, y nunca han podido, ni podrán, reemplazar a los medios pacíficos y políticos de solución de problemas y conflictos, con arreglo a la Carta. Si la comunidad internacional optara, de todos modos, por imponer medidas coercitivas, esa opción debe basarse en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y estar respaldada por los elementos y las explicaciones el caso. Del procedimiento de adopción de la decisión citada, y de la propia decisión, debe surgir, sin lugar a dudas, que la situación que examina el Consejo de Seguridad justifica la adopción de las medidas previstas en el Capítulo VII, y que no pueden ponerse en tela de juicio los motivos del Consejo de Seguridad para adoptar tal decisión.", "Un estudio exhaustivo de las medidas adoptadas contra la República Federativa de Yugoslavia en virtud del Capítulo VII de la Carta, particularmente de los efectos de las sanciones sobre Yugoslavia, así como sobre los países vecinos de Yugoslavia y otros países de la región, facilitaría por cierto el examen de las cuestiones contempladas en el \"Programa\". Contribuiría a situar en la perspectiva correcta toda la experiencia negativa de la República Federativa de Yugoslavia y los Estados limítrofes frente a las sanciones de las Naciones Unidas, y particularmente las consecuencias de esas sanciones en las categorías más vulnerables de la población, a saber, lactantes, niños, ancianos, y enfermos.", "Con una visión retrospectiva de la experiencia de Yugoslavia frente a los intentos de la comunidad internacional por resolver la crisis, y especialmente las consecuencias perjudiciales de las sanciones de las Naciones Unidas, se propone que dichas sanciones se impongan de manera muy selectiva y sólo como último recurso y que tengan una duración limitada.", "Habida cuenta de las graves consecuencias de las sanciones en la vida sociopolítica general del país que las soporta y los países afectados por ellas indirectamente, es totalmente pertinente pedir que se atienda también particularmente al establecimiento de mecanismos para prestar asistencia financiera y de otro tipo a los países que, sin tener ninguna culpa, resultan perjudicados por las sanciones.", "Las consecuencias negativas destructivas y de largo alcance de los conflictos actuales, especialmente las guerras civiles e interétnicas - cuyo número ha aumentado en los últimos años -, indican la necesidad de que en las futuras deliberaciones se haga especial hincapié en algunas de las cuestiones contempladas en el \"Programa\" que son propias del período consecutivo a la cesación de un conflicto. En este marco, además de las cuestiones relativas a la recuperación y reconstrucción económica, cobran especial importancia las cuestiones humanitarias y las relativas con la protección de los derechos humanos.", "En general, y teniendo presente el principio de justicia, paz y seguridad, así como el problema de la relación de fuerzas en un momento determinado, resulta bastante legítimo preguntarse si, por su índole, las sanciones deben ser obligatorias o facultativas, es decir si la decisión de su aplicación se debe dejar supeditada a la voluntad política y la evaluación de los propios Estados Miembros. La República Federativa de Yugoslavia es un buen ejemplo de la pertinencia de este planteo. Un número importante de países consideran que las sanciones contra Yugoslavia son demasiado severas, injustas y parciales, pero deben aplicarlas por ser una decisión del Consejo de Seguridad.", "El conjunto de cuestiones que se plantean en el ámbito de los derechos humanos y la garantía de una aplicación constante de las normas aceptadas por todos debe constituir, por cierto, el centro del interés y la actividad de las Naciones Unidas. Sin embargo, es inaceptable, y absolutamente inadmisible que esta cuestión delicada se invoque como pretexto de injerencia en los asuntos internos de Estados soberanos particularmente en caso de intervención. El carácter delicado y complejo del asunto, y en particular, las características peculiares de cada región y país, no dejan cabida para la arbitrariedad y la obstinación. La responsabilidad de las Naciones Unidas en este sentido es considerable.", "Las actividades de las Naciones Unidas no deben estar supeditadas a los intereses exclusivos de algunos de los países involucrados en las actividades o que, guiados por sus intereses particulares, aspiren a encauzar las actividades de las Naciones Unidas exclusivamente en función de sus intereses. Al examinarse las cuestiones previstas en el \"Programa\", se deberá tratar en lo posible de instaurar un mecanismo estable que garantice un enfoque objetivo, y en condiciones de igualdad, de la prestación de asistencia humanitaria, y que eliminen todos los sesgos respecto de los Estados que, como norma, son los principales donantes. Huelga decir que la aplicación constante de los principios de la Carta y de las normas pertinentes del derecho internacional deben servir de base a cualquier medida que se emprenda bajo los auspicios o por conducto de un mecanismo de las Naciones Unidas.", "En este marco, un punto de referencia singular es la experiencia adquirida en la crisis yugoslava, en particular, en la guerra civil, interétnica y religiosa en la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina. No hace falta aclarar que las guerras civiles constituyen una amenaza a los derechos humanos fundamentales de todos, con independencia de su origen nacional. Nadie es inocente en una guerra civil. Este debe, pues, ser el punto de partida, en la prestación de la asistencia humanitaria y al examinarse las amenazas a los derechos humanos en las zonas afectadas por combates. La solución de castigar a un solo de los participantes en una guerra civil no puede sentar una buena base para una solución justa y duradera.", "Al ser así, es difícil justificar que se castigue a un Estado que no es parte en un conflicto, como el caso de las sanciones impuestas exclusivamente contra la República Federativa de Yugoslavia, bajo la acusación infundada y absurda de haber perpetrado una agresión contra la ex Bosnia y Herzegovina. Ello es también manifiesto para los principales factores internacionales, particularmente los que pidieron inicialmente e impusieron su establecimiento.", "De conformidad con la posición de principios de la República Federativa de Yugoslavia sobre el empleo de la fuerza y de medidas coercitivas, se destaca el carácter delicado de las cuestiones vinculadas con la \"fuerzas de intervención rápida\", a las que el Secretario General asigna gran importancia. Estas cuestiones complejas exigen un análisis detenido, al que deberán prestar su contribución todos los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas, ciertamente los más directamente interesados en sentar un marco claro al respecto.", "Para concluir, la República Federativa de Yugoslavia anuncia una vez más que está dispuesta a contribuir plenamente en la elaboración de \"Un programa de paz\", así como en las actividades de las Naciones Unidas y otras organizaciones internacionales, con arreglo a los principios y metas de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y los principios y normas básicas del derecho internacional.", "II. RESPUESTAS RECIBIDAS DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES INTERGUBERNAMENTALES", "ASOCIACION DE NACIONES DEL ASIA SUDORIENTAL", "[Original: inglés]", "[26 de julio de 1993]", "1. Las Naciones Unidas son indispensables para el mantenimiento de la seguridad y el orden internacionales. Las propuestas de \"Un programa de paz\" (A/47/277-S/24111) formuladas por el Secretario General representan un nuevo análisis y un enfoque innovador encaminados a fortalecer el cometido de las Naciones Unidas en ese ámbito, tal como se desprende de la Carta. Como reflejo de las nuevas condiciones estratégicas mundiales, las Naciones Unidas pueden en la actualidad cumplir más eficazmente sus funciones en materia de diplomacia preventiva, establecimiento de la paz, mantenimiento de la paz y consolidación de la paz, que representan un componente fundamental en la prevención y solución de conflictos. Sin embargo, han surgido en los planos regional y subregional nuevos conflictos y problemas, que plantean nuevas exigencias a la Organización.", "2. En la región de Asia y el Pacífico, la modificación del equilibrio estratégico mundial ya ha traído aparejados ajustes en la política de las superpotencias y los países de la región. Habida cuenta de la incertidumbre actual, la ASEAN se ha empeñado en establecer, junto con los principales países de la región de Asia y el Pacífico, diversos mecanismos de diálogo y consulta permanentes sobre la seguridad en la región, con miras a anticipar y resolver los problemas, antes de que se generen crisis o conflictos. En este sentido, la ASEAN y las principales Potencias pueden complementar algunas de las funciones de las Naciones Unidas en la esfera de la prevención y solución de conflictos regionales en Asia y el Pacífico. En el Asia sudoriental, las medidas adoptadas por las Naciones Unidas por conducto de la Autoridad Provisional de las Naciones Unidas en Camboya (APRONUC) culminaron en mayo de 1993 con la celebración pacífica y fructífera de elecciones generales en el país. La ASEAN desearía que las Naciones Unidas continúen desempeñando en la región su papel en materia de diplomacia preventiva, establecimiento de la paz, mantenimiento de la paz y consolidación de la paz después de los conflictos. Estima asimismo que la causa de la paz y la estabilidad internacionales se verá reforzada gracias al dinamismo económico y el desarrollo social en todo el mundo.", "Diplomacia preventiva", "3. La ASEAN hace suya la opinión del Secretario General en materia de diplomacia preventiva y, en particular, las propuestas de desarrollar el concepto de diplomacia preventiva por conducto de medidas tales como el fomento de la confianza, la investigación de los hechos y la alerta temprana. Es indispensable definir y limitar los conflictos potenciales antes de que estallen. La ASEAN puede contribuir a la diplomacia preventiva regional, en cooperación con las Naciones Unidas. El principio de la diplomacia preventiva y el arreglo pacífico de las controversias está plasmado en el Tratado de Amistad y Cooperación en el Asia Sudoriental.", "4. La ASEAN apoya en principio las medidas de fomento de la confianza definidas por el Secretario General. Se puede considerar que la propia Asociación es una manifestación acabada del fomento de la confianza en el plano regional. Ella introdujo en la región algunos conceptos generales de fomento de la confianza, tales como las zonas de paz, libertad y neutralidad y las Zonas Libres de Armas Nucleares en el Asia Sudoriental. La Declaración de la ASEAN sobre la China meridional es otro ejemplo de medidas de fomento de la confianza regional. La Asociación ha prestado asimismo su apoyo al Registro de Armas Convencionales de las Naciones Unidas.", "5. La ASEAN acoge con beneplácito la aprobación, por consenso de la resolución 47/120 de la Asamblea General, de 18 de diciembre de 1992, que, entre otras cosas, incluye algunas importantes decisiones sobre investigación de los hechos. Tras hacer suya la Declaración sobre la determinación de los hechos por las Naciones Unidas en la esfera del mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales, aprobada por las Naciones Unidas en su resolución 46/59 de 9 de diciembre de 1991, la ASEAN toma nota de que las misiones de investigación de los hechos emprendidas por el Secretario General, el Consejo de Seguridad o la Asamblea deberían ajustarse a las directrices aprobadas por la Asamblea, en particular, el requisito del consentimiento previo de los Estados interesados. El Artículo 99 de la Carta permite al Secretario General pedir al Consejo de Seguridad que considere y tome medidas con respecto a cualquier asunto que pueda poner en peligro el mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales, y esta norma puede servir como elemento de diplomacia preventiva.", "6. La ASEAN coincide con muchas de las propuestas del Secretario General sobre alerta temprana, es decir, las medidas tendientes a establecer un mecanismo eficaz de alerta temprana, y el importante papel que pueden desempeñar a este respecto las organizaciones regionales.", "Establecimiento de la paz", "7. La ASEAN apoya la propuesta del Secretario General de que se refuerce el papel del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas en el arreglo pacífico de controversias, como se indica en el Capítulo VI de la Carta. El Consejo debe seguir siendo el principal órgano encartado de mantener la paz y la seguridad internacionales y resolver las cuestiones que han generado conflicto. Es preciso acudir a la Asamblea General, como órgano universal, cuando sea necesario para prevenir o frenar situaciones que amenazan la paz y la seguridad internacionales. Ello ha quedado demostrado con la experiencia de la ASEAN en la cuestión de Camboya. Es posible, asimismo, designar representantes especiales del Secretario General en regiones o países específicos, para promover el conocimiento de las Naciones Unidas y prever por anticipado las posibles fuentes de conflicto. La ASEAN estima también que en caso de conflicto el establecimiento de la paz puede verse facilitado por medidas internacionales encaminadas a mejorar las circunstancias que hayan contribuido a esa situación. Sería conveniente realzar la eficacia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia.", "8. La ASEAN opina asimismo que, al concebirse los regímenes de sanciones, el Consejo de Seguridad debe tener en cuenta consideraciones humanitarias. En este sentido, convendría que el Consejo iniciara un estudio sobre la eficacia de los diversos tipos de sanciones para alcanzar los objetivos deseados.", "9. La ASEAN apoya en principio al Secretario General cuando preconiza el uso de la fuerza militar con carácter transitorio, para el cumplimiento de las medidas decididas por las Naciones Unidas, si los medios pacíficos no dan resultados. Con miras a mejorar las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz, podría estudiarse con mayor detenimiento la experiencia que se ha adquirido en la APRONUC, tanto en el terreno como en la Sede de las Naciones Unidas, y la posibilidad de establecer una fuerza de las Naciones Unidas para el resguardo de la paz. Al reunirse las fuerzas, será preciso obrar con flexibilidad, pues algunos países deberán hacer frente a limitaciones constitucionales y problemas con la opinión pública. El componente principal de las unidades de resguardo de la paz procederá de los países que están dispuestos a ofrecer fuerzas.", "Mantenimiento de la paz", "10. En general la ASEAN apoya las propuestas del Secretario General para el mantenimiento de la paz en lo que se refiere a los aspectos financiero y logístico. Sin embargo, la Asociación estima que las Naciones Unidas deberán velar por una mejor relación costo-eficacia en sus operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. Asimismo, exhorta a todos los países a que abonen íntegra y puntualmente sus cuotas y contribuciones. El personal propuesto para las actividades de mantenimiento de la paz deberá ser sumamente competente, experimentado y adiestrado, para hacer frente a las tareas cada vez más complejas que supone la aplicación y el cumplimiento de los mandatos de las Naciones Unidas. La formación del personal para las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz estará basada en las normas y conceptos aceptados por las Naciones Unidas en materia de operaciones.", "Consolidación de la paz", "11. La ASEAN comparte la opinión del Secretario General de que la consolidación de la paz debe considerarse la contraparte de la diplomacia preventiva. La consolidación de la paz, especialmente después de un conflicto, abarca no sólo la solución de los problemas políticos del desarrollo institucional y de la infraestructura, sino también las amenazas no militares a la seguridad, tales como las causas económicas y sociales de inestabilidad.", "Financiación", "12. La ASEAN reconoce que una base financiera sólida y estable es un requisito indispensable para la aplicación eficiente y eficaz de todos los programas y actividades de las Naciones Unidas. Ello es particularmente válido en este momento en que la Organización hace frente a exigencias y dificultades cada vez mayores, especialmente en el ámbito de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. En la actualidad las Naciones Unidas administran 14 operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz en diversas regiones del mundo. Este aumento sin precedente del número de operaciones del mantenimiento de la paz emprendidas por las Naciones Unidas desde su fundación ejerce, por cierto, tensión sobre sus escasos recursos, en la medida en que el pago de las cuotas y contribuciones no ha ido a la par con las necesidades de efectivo para cada operación. Esta deplorable situación financiera de las Naciones Unidas persiste aún, debido simplemente al número de Estados Miembros que no cumplen con las obligaciones estatutarias que han asumido en virtud de la Carta, que les exige el pago puntual de sus cuotas y contribuciones al presupuesto ordinario y a las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz. La ASEAN, por consiguiente, exhorta a todos los Estados Miembros a que paguen sus cuotas totalmente y a tiempo.", "Conclusión", "13. La ASEAN acoge con beneplácito y elogia muchas de las propuestas formuladas por el Secretario General en su informe \"Un Programa de Paz\". La región de Asia y el Pacífico atraviesa, en el decenio de 1990, por condiciones favorables, y los países que la integran disfrutan de la paz, tanto entre sí como con los de otras regiones. Los importantes cambios ocurridos en el plano internacional tras el final de la guerra fría han generado cierta incertidumbre, pero también han ofrecido una oportunidad histórica de cooperación internacional encaminada a fortalecer las perspectivas de la paz y prosperidad en el mundo. La comunidad mundial tiene la obligación de tomar medidas para salvar a las generaciones futuras del flagelo de la guerra. Las propuestas del Secretario General contenidas en \"Un Programa de Paz\" son importantes medidas en pro de la paz y la estabilidad internacionales. Cuando se promueva la eficacia de las Naciones Unidas en el mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales, no podrá pasarse por alto la necesidad urgente de un enfoque general e integrado de la paz, el desarrollo y la democracia. Ha llegado el momento de que las Naciones Unidas tomen razón de que la paz y la prosperidad están interrelacionadas, y adopten medidas y programas de acción en concreto.", "SECRETARIA DEL COMMONWEALTH", "[Véase el texto completo en el documento S/25996/Add.2]", "-----", "[1] Las respuestas se reproducen en la forma en que se han recibido. Las dominaciones empleadas en esta publicación no entrañan, de parte de la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas, juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de ninguno de los países, territorios o zonas o de sus autoridades.", "[2] * En nombre de los países nórdicos, Dinamarca, Finlandia, Islandia, Noruega y Suecia." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/403/Add.1", "S/26450/Add.1", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/ARABE/", "FRENCH/RUSSIAN", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS. GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 87", "STUDY OF THE ALL QUESTION", "OF PEACE-KEEPING OPERATIONS", "IN ALL THEIR ASPECTS", "Strengthening the capacity of the United Nations", "in the field of peacekeeping", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "TABLE OF CONTENTS", "Page", "I. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES[1] 3", "Australia 3", "Russian Federation 3", "France 9", "Namibia 15", "Qatar 17", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 17", "Sweden 26", "TABLE OF CONTENTS", "Page", "Thailand 28", "Yugoslavia 29", "II.REPLIES OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 38", "Association of Southeast Asian Nations 28", "Commonwealth Secretariat 41", "I. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES", "AUSTRALIA", "[Original: English]", "[6 August 1993]", "1.The \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) stressed that the nature of peacekeeping operations had changed rapidly in recent years.Mandates have become more complex;The size and composition of peacekeeping forces and the number of operations conducted simultaneously are not in keeping with the experience of the Organization's first 40 years of existence.", "2.Such expansion of peacekeeping operations and the diversification of the tasks of peacekeeping officials have often not been the result of debate or explicit consensus on the role of the United Nations and other agencies, or on the political and practical limitations of peacekeeping.", "3.Peacekeeping demands are beyond the current United Nations planning and logistics capacity and require new financial and human resources from Member States.It is recognized that the United Nations is too much sought after, while its organization, resources and procedures do not allow it to meet all requests.", "4.For that reason, advance agreement should be made on the conditions for the deployment of peacekeeping operations and the reasonable limits of United Nations intervention should be defined more precisely.", "5.The Australian Government is currently considering how best to articulate these conditions.At the same time, it fully supported efforts to improve the effectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping operations.The Committee welcomes recent reforms aimed at strengthening the Secretariat ' s capacity in planning, logistics, command and control of peacekeeping operations.Australia will continue to play an active role in the consideration and formulation of proposals by Member States, in consultation with the Secretary-General, on practical measures to improve the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations.", "RUSSIAN FEDERATION", "[14 September 1993]", "[Original: Russian]", "1.The profound changes that have taken place in the world in recent years have also changed the nature of the challenges to international peace and security.The main threat is no longer the possibility of a nuclear conflict between the major powers, but the explosion of regional crises of a national, ethnic or religious nature.", "2.The international community's security priorities are changing simultaneously.Most States now focus on peacekeeping activities;It has therefore become necessary to strengthen the capacity of the United Nations in the area of peacemaking.", "3.The Russian Federation notes with satisfaction that in recent years, despite the many difficulties it has encountered in its path, the United Nations has made considerable progress, adapting its peacemaking activities to changing situations.It is not necessary to mention here the main facts and trends that are well known.", "4.At the same time, new problems have arisen.While increasingly relying on the peace efforts of the United Nations, States often show reluctance to support these hopes with concrete contributions and to commit the necessary material, technical, financial and human resources.They even sometimes go so far as to express their impatience and criticism when United Nations peacekeeping activities are blocking or not immediately yielding significant results.The global security and the very future of the Organization will depend to a large extent on the extent to which the United Nations can adapt, in a flexible and effective manner, to the realities of a new world.", "5.The Secretary-General ' s report entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) had brought about significant progress in the concept of peacemaking.The comprehensive review of the document by the Security Council has demonstrated the urgency of implementing the provisions contained therein and of defining the common priorities of the Member States of the United Nations.", "6.The General Assembly has also begun a substantive debate focused on the Agenda for Peace, the results of which are expected with interest.", "7.In this context, Russia fully supports the Security Council's recommendation that all States consider participating in and supporting international peacekeeping operations in the context of their external and national security policies.This fundamental principle is reflected in the regulatory documents and instruments currently being developed by Russia in the field of foreign policy.", "8.The provisions contained in the statement of the President of the Security Council of 28 May 1993 (S/25859) are intended to help clarify and develop the policy and operational principles governing the conduct of United Nations peacekeeping operations.The document prepared by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Cooperation in Peacekeeping, prepared by the North Atlantic Cooperation Council, also provided a useful contribution to the establishment of the peacekeeping base.In Russia's view, the provisions contained in this document could be taken into account in the preparation of a report by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "9.The effectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping operations could be greatly improved by making more active and widespread use of the resources offered by preventive diplomacy.Among the new aspects of this activity, Russia welcomes the first preventive deployment of a UN contingent in Macedonia, as an important step in the search for new approaches in the field of conflict prevention.The development of the concept of \"safe zones\" could also be of interest.", "10.The Russian Federation stands ready to provide the Secretary-General with essential information, including confidential information, to ensure the effectiveness of preventive diplomacy and peacekeeping activities as a whole.", "11.The Russian Federation supports the idea that the Security Council should make full use of its powers under the Charter in order to engage the parties to a conflict in the process of a negotiated political settlement.It welcomed the active and useful efforts of the Secretary-General over the past few months to exercise his prerogatives in the area of mediation and good offices, and considered that his close and regular consultations with the members of the Security Council were of great importance in the development of a common strategy.", "12.The Russian Federation considers it important to develop specific arrangements for the implementation of Article 50 of the Charter of the United Nations as soon as possible.In particular, it would be useful to strengthen the practice that the Security Council recommends that the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other multilateral financial institutions take due account of the difficulties caused by sanctions to \"third countries\" when these organizations allocate funds to them.", "13.The experience of recent United Nations peacekeeping operations, including in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia and Somalia, demonstrates the importance of effective coordination between planning, preparedness, logistical support and oversight of the conduct of United Nations peacekeeping operations.This implies a clear interface between national contingents, a good organization of the command system and the development of precise rules governing the conduct of operations and criteria for the use of force.Needless to say, peacekeeping operations with \"difficult\" mandates require a special approach, which is also applicable to the selection of United Nations peacekeeping contingents (with due regard to their experience and effectiveness in combat) and the usefulness of implementing measures, etc.", "14.It is essential that operations be launched in the context of clearly defined political settlement objectives and not only as a response by the international community to situations where it feels compelled to \"do something\".", "15.A sound financial base was a vital element of the success of peacekeeping activities.The current crisis in this area is mainly due to the lack of political will on the part of States to promote international stability through United Nations peacekeeping activities, as evidenced in particular by the fact (cited in the Volcker-Ogata report, A/48/460, annex) that on average per 1,000 dollars spent by States on defence, only $1.50 is allocated to United Nations peacekeeping efforts.", "16.Efforts should be made to develop arrangements to ensure more rigorous monitoring of the planning and rational use of the material and technical human resources of United Nations operations.The role of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions could be strengthened at all stages of the preparation and implementation of the United Nations operating budgets.", "17.The issue of financial support at the initial stage of an emergency deployment operation should also be addressed.Russia stands ready to support the Secretary-General's proposal to develop procedures to accelerate the allocation of resources for a new operation, once established by the Security Council.", "18.The Russian Federation still had doubts about the creation of a single budget for all operations, as that would not solve the essential problem of expenditure control and the strengthening of operational efficiency, nor would it improve the cash flow situation.", "19.The Russian Federation believes that it is high time to consider diversifying the sources of funding for peacekeeping operations by strengthening the material responsibility of host and other States with a direct interest in the end of the conflict.It might be useful to obtain resources from regional organizations, voluntary contributions, including non-governmental sources, and in some cases, to make use of in-kind contributions.", "20.It was time to take specific steps to review the scale of assessments for United Nations operations.", "21.In view of the Organization's current tasks, it would be particularly appropriate to consider ways and means of improving the United Nations peacemaking mechanism as indicated below:", "(a)The planning, preparedness and management structures of United Nations operations will need to be strengthened and new mechanisms may be put in place.Under the Charter of the United Nations, the Staff Committee is responsible for the strategic command of the armed forces available to the Security Council.Its revitalization would deserve serious consideration.If this body could focus on specific actions and involve representatives of the major troop-contributing countries (for example, in accordance with Article 47 of the Charter) in its work, it could then, under the leadership of the Security Council, assume overall command of operations, develop specific proposals on cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in a given area, etc.The division of labour among the various units of the Secretariat needs to be more clearly defined.Russia believes that the central position of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations needs to be strengthened and that qualified specialists in many areas should be included in its core staff, which could be involved in various ways in the initiation of urgent operations;", "(b)The command and control of field operations should be seriously examined.Effective leadership by the United Nations Force Commander, close coordination of the activities of the troops of various countries and their fulfilment of the mandate of the Security Council are of paramount importance.To this end, it is essential to clearly define relations and cooperation within the command of operations (including their military and civilian components) and to establish a single operational centre that would function effectively 24 hours a day;", "(c)Russia supports the ideas underlying the concept of the United Nations \"reserve forces\" proposed by the Secretary-General.The Supreme Council is currently considering a draft law on Russia's participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations.After its adoption, Russia is considering negotiations to conclude an agreement with the United Nations on the provision of military, civilian and auxiliary personnel ready to intervene at any time, and material and technical resources and services for ongoing or planned peacekeeping operations.Russia has already provided information to the United Nations on some of its resources (two health divisions);", "(d)It is essential to be able to launch operations as soon as possible when fragile agreements in \"hot spots\" can and should be reinforced by a United Nations presence, starting with the dispatch of observers.The time between the adoption of a decision by the Security Council and the actual start of operations should be considerably reduced;", "(e)In deciding to launch an operation, including a large-scale operation, the Security Council must examine not only its political opportunity, its cost and the risks to staff but also the problem of the \"deletion\" of the operation.There should be no unlimited intervention.However, this principle should not be made into a dogma.In exceptional cases, in the absence of a viable political settlement, the UN Member States should decide to extend the operation because \"it is better to have a bad peace than a good war\".The practice of including in Security Council decisions provisions linking the presence of United Nations personnel in conflict zones to progress towards a political settlement should be applied more widely;", "(f)There is an urgent need to improve procedures for the recruitment and training of staff, including civilian personnel.The criteria for the recruitment of civilian personnel should be clarified, and recommendations for the training of civilian personnel for participation in United Nations operations should be standardized.It would be useful to create national \"reserve quotas\" made up of voluntary civilian specialists.Russia believes that it is desirable that the United Nations Secretariat prepare a list of the qualifications required of candidates and the conditions they must meet, which it would transmit to the potential donor countries.", "22.The issue of staff safety has recently become of particular importance.Russia is advocating the adoption of the most determined measures, including those to prosecute individuals and organizations guilty of attacks and other acts of violence against the \"blue berets\".The mandatory conclusion of agreements with host countries on the status of United Nations forces is a partial solution to the problem and does not answer all questions.However, the implementation of strong measures to defend United Nations troops should not turn into punitive military operations or lead to the involvement of the United Nations in internal conflicts.", "23.The right of the United Nations to prosecute those who use force against United Nations personnel must be legally binding.The forthcoming debate of the International Court of Justice on the former Yugoslavia could set a precedent in this regard.", "24.Post-conflict peacebuilding is an integral part of peacekeeping operations;Without this, countries emerging from the \"active\" phase of conflict could not be rebuilt.Russia would particularly like to see the experience and capabilities of the UN and other international bodies in this area in the area of peacebuilding in the republics of the former Soviet Union be studied.", "25.The Russian Federation considered the proposals to decentralize responsibility for peacekeeping and peacemaking useful and supported the idea of strengthening the role of regional organizations in that area, in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter.Progress in that direction should be gradual, and a prerequisite would be that the Security Council assume primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.", "26.The Russian Federation welcomes the conclusion of a framework agreement on cooperation and coordination between the United Nations and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), and takes note of the efforts of the CSCE, the European Community, NATO and the Western European Union to resolve the conflict in the territory of the former Yugoslavia, on the basis of decisions of the Security Council and under its political leadership.", "27.The question of restoring peace in the territory of the former Soviet Union is of paramount importance to the Russian Federation.The collective mechanisms of the Commonwealth of Independent States in this area, as well as regional agreements on conflict resolution in certain regions of the former USSR, are now being more actively implemented and cooperation between these mechanisms and the UN and CSCE is being strengthened.As a party to these mechanisms and agreements, the Russian Federation appreciates the concrete contribution of the United Nations to the resolution of these conflicts and stands ready to strengthen its cooperation with the Organization.", "FRANCE", "[Original: French]", "[28 July 1993]", "1.France welcomed the report of the Secretary-General dated 15 June 1993 (S/25944) on the implementation of the recommendations contained in the \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111).She welcomed the measures already taken.", "2.In accordance with the Secretary-General's wishes, the Government of France intends to contribute to the ongoing reflection and to communicate the following considerations.", "I. BEST PREPARATION OF OPERATIONS", "OF PEACE-KEEPING", "Strengthening the Secretariat", "3.France welcomed the significant increase in the human and infrastructure capacity of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.This effort must continue within both the civilian and military divisions of this department.This rise in power, an imperative recognized by all, is a necessity to respond to the continued increase in peacekeeping operations, which require constant political and military follow-up.", "4.At the same time, the French Government fully endorses the Secretary-General's approach to dispatch fact-finding missions to the areas where the International Organization is called upon, or is likely to be called upon, to intervene.As the Secretary-General points out in his report of 15 June 1993, the mass of information gathered by those missions, or provided by member countries, must be effectively addressed.For that reason, it also seemed essential to continue to strengthen the capacity of the Secretariat, particularly the military division and the situation room of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "More military planning", "5.The military planning function is now as crucial as the political follow-up of the various conflicts under way.The United Nations is required to deploy peacekeeping missions that unite States of a diverse military tradition.It must have a monitoring and, ultimately, planning structure that is more effective in predicting crisis situations, responding quickly and facilitating initial planning of operations in response to the very specific constraints of the United Nations.", "6.Efforts must be directed in three directions:", "(a)Even before Member States announce their contributions, an initial operational concept based on a more detailed military audit and, ultimately, a planning outline, in consultation with the relevant Special Representative of the Secretary-General, will have to be developed.This will improve the quality and seriousness of the military implementation plan of the mandate, traditionally described in the Secretary-General's report, which outlines the framework for each mission's work.Therefore, a new structure attached to the Secretariat, composed of officers with solid planning experience, should be gradually established.It should maintain a size consistent with the expected flexibility of such a structure;", "(b)As a matter of principle, this structure should be strengthened as soon as possible by representatives of contributing States responsible for preparing the operational planning itself, in liaison with the staff to be deployed in the field;", "(c)In addition, generic planning cells already exist in several multilateral political-military organisations, notably NATO and the Western European Union.Contacts and exchanges of views between the United Nations and those organizations, with recognized experience and expertise, are necessary and should be developed, particularly for the areas of operation covered by those organizations and should they be called upon to intervene directly at the request of the United Nations.Such exchanges should create an indispensable complement on the day when experts and soldiers from these organizations will be brought to work side by side with the United Nations on the ground.", "Further efforts towards contributing countries", "7.The main troop contributors have regularly expressed their desire to be informed during the mission's work of the operational directions and decisions that are being taken.The Government of France understands these requests and considers it useful that an informal follow-up committee, composed of diplomatic and military representatives from the countries participating in the mission, be kept very regularly informed, and where appropriate consulted, by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations on the decisions taken or envisaged.In summary, while it is necessary to increase the Secretariat's capacity for analysis, planning and monitoring, it is logical that, at the same time, contributing States should be collectively better informed about the smooth operation of the mission.", "Better logistics", "8.The United Nations is increasingly called upon by the international community to respond very quickly to situations of crisis or humanitarian emergency.This increased responsibility implies that the Organization's response times are becoming shorter and shorter.This imperative requires that the Organization be provided with the equipment necessary for the rapid establishment of a mission at all times.That is why it is necessary to strengthen the logistical potential of the United Nations.", "9.Storage of weapons and ammunition equipment requires expensive maintenance and requires qualified personnel familiar with the equipment it handles.For these reasons, it is preferable that weapons equipment should generally remain under the exclusive responsibility of Member States.", "10.Recent experience, however, shows that some needs are constant across missions.Peacekeeping involves the use of very specific categories of equipment that are not routinely included in the regular staffing of troops serving under blue helmets and which are likely to be used in a wide variety of operational theatres.This is the case with non-military equipment (prefabricated, radios, telephones, vehicles, etc.) but also with certain military equipment (military communications, armoured front vehicles, drones, etc.).The Secretariat must be able to provide civilian and military personnel with such equipment as is essential for the fulfilment of their mandate upon deployment.It should therefore be considered that the Secretariat should develop a small central stock of equipment specifically adapted to peacekeeping.", "II.A BEST WORK OF THE KEY MISSIONS", "AND PEACE ON THE TERRAIN", "Military contributions by Member States", "11.In response to the growing need for United Nations intervention, a profound reform of the system of mobilization of peacekeepers was needed.While it is clear that the Organization today does not have the means to maintain permanent forces, it is essential that Member States prepare forces that can be mobilized quickly.These should be made up of pre-identified units (\"early marked\") to compose a set of force modules, trained in the context of peacekeeping tasks and equipped with compatible equipment.These units (force modules) would be made available to the United Nations and available at any time.", "12.In the face of the increase in peacekeeping operations, the current limitations on the capacity of the major contributing countries are being met.States are now more likely than in the past to become involved first according to their own national interests.Conversely, there are also instances where contributing countries show a lack of willingness to intervene in the context of what is now agreed to be called the \"moral obligation\" of members of the international community.", "13.The force cluster mechanism should substantially correct current trends, revert to the principle of neutrality of the Organization and facilitate, through prior consultation, the Secretary-General's assessment of the Organization's actual capacity to respond.It should also allow for a higher number of Member States to be involved in peacekeeping missions.It would be desirable for each Member State to feel concerned by this approach and to identify, in accordance with its own capabilities, the nature of the units it was able to make available to the Organization.Ultimately, each Member State should participate in this process.", "Better interoperability of quotas", "14.The logistical organization of these force modules implies that all contingents required to be operational within a very short time frame have a common knowledge base and methods.It therefore appears necessary to design training for all the units concerned.This training, which is in addition to the military training specific to each army, must be provided first in the national military schools.But the United Nations must gradually coordinate, first at the senior officer level, and then gradually descending into the hierarchy, specific courses that allow for the exchange of concepts and methods.These courses are to be organized by rotation by the major contributors under United Nations control.In addition, joint (staff) exercises should be gradually developed by the United Nations to test the interoperability of contingents in realistic conditions and to highlight ways to improve it in practice.", "Improved capacity for political analysis and monitoring of missions", "15.The mandate of recent missions includes an increasingly broad political dimension.They are now regularly asked to control the existing administrations, to train new police forces, to melt different factions formerly rivals into a new army, to supervise the honesty of election campaigns, etc.Those tasks fully met the concern expressed by all that peacekeeping missions should also address the political origins of conflict in order to ensure lasting peace-building.", "16.This new responsibility requires that the mission entrusted with it be constantly \"listening\" to the evolution of the political positions of all parties to the conflict.This concern to know the best of the local political terrain is all the more necessary because peacekeeping missions frequently staffed in tens of thousands of troops are not immune from the emergence of a sense of rejection on the part of a population, sometimes manipulated by a minority opposed to the current mission.Any mission says it is able to anticipate the problems it may encounter and to make the people concerned understand the merits of the decisions it makes.", "17.It would therefore be desirable for each mission to have a political analysis unit, which is directly attached to the Office of the Special Representative.The role of the unit, composed of international experts and experts from the region, would be to monitor and analyse closely the political environment and feelings of the parties involved in order to inform the Special Representative of emerging trends in the political and population sectors.The political analyses of the cell should also be forwarded to the Secretariat for its information.", "III.A BEST POLITICAL CONTROL", "18.France strongly supported a strengthening of political control over peacekeeping operations.", "19.The various stages of their development should be followed more closely.", "20.The preparation of the operation must be in line with the logic proposed by the Secretary-General in the \"An Agenda for Peace\".", "21.The dispatch of fact-finding missions, in which representatives of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations would be involved, in addition to fully meeting the common desire for the development of preventive diplomacy, would prepare for the deployment of troops, including needs, gathering information and costing the estimated costs of the operation.The reports of these missions should be transmitted as soon as possible to the Member States, so that they can take the necessary steps to ensure their possible participation in the process at an early stage.", "22.The practice of appointing a special representative of the Secretary-General for each operation should be widespread.This designation shall be made after consultation with the parties to the conflict and the Security Council.The role of special representation is to coordinate the actions of the various components of the operation (civil, military, humanitarian, etc.), to ensure political and non-operational control over military matters, and to report regularly on its mission to the Secretary-General and the Security Council.", "23.The establishment of the operation depends first and foremost on the Security Council's definition of a clear mandate.In this regard, France would like the \"founder\" resolutions of the peacekeeping forces to be as precise as possible on two points:", "(a)The definition of final political objectives must be explicitly included in the mandate of the force.In the interests of realism, these could be limited, and not necessarily aimed at a comprehensive resolution of the crisis;", "(b)The definition of milestone objectives must also be included in this mandate.A timetable and timetable for evaluation should be available for the Secretary-General's report to the Security Council at the time of the initiation of each operation.These intermediate objectives could include: disarmament (partial or total) of the belligerents, the establishment and observance of a ceasefire, and the dispatch of good offices to the country.", "24.The management and monitoring of the operation could be improved:", "(a)By developing the still too limited capacity of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations operational monitoring room.The Convention should be open not only to members of the Department, but also to military representatives of contributing States and even to members of the Staff Committee established by Article 47 of the Charter;", "(b)Using the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to report regularly (monthly) on the overall mission, the progress of operations, the problems encountered in the implementation of the mandate and the timeliness of the pre-set timetable.The work of the political analysis unit of the mission must be brought to the attention of the Security Council, as well as any other elements (private audits...) that may inform it;", "(c)By systematically sending and reporting to the Security Council on inspection missions, and by checking the adequacy of the mandate, the means of force and the rules of engagement, and the consistency of their interpretation.", "25.The association of regional organizations and security compacts with peacekeeping operations should be encouraged, subject to certain conditions:", "(a)The Special Representative of the Secretary-General remains responsible for the operation.Representatives of regional organizations and security pacts shall act under his political authority;", "(b)The designation of a joint representative of the United Nations and a regional organization may also be encouraged;", "(c)Representatives of the member states of these pacts and organisations, when they contribute to the operation, must also be able to access the Secretariat's operational monitoring room.", "IV.A BEST FINANCIAL CONTROL", "Confirmed principles", "26.The question of the financing of peacekeeping operations should be closely monitored and the French Government:", "(a)Reiterates its commitment to the current system of operational budgets, which ensures good financial transparency for each of them, and allows individual monitoring and monitoring by Member States;", "(b)The only way to ensure independence and provide stable resources is through mandatory contributions.Voluntary contributions should be accepted only when they are received from the States benefiting from the operations and when the latter have the financial capacity to do so;", "(c)Encourages that the launch of each operation be preceded by a detailed cost assessment and that a financial report be provided to Member States before any decision is taken to the Security Council;", "(d)Support any proposal to expand audits of ongoing operations, or more generally, to allow for more regular monitoring of expenditures and more comprehensive information to be provided to the bodies with knowledge of the audit (Security Council and Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions).", "An informal think tank", "27.The difficult, complex and long-term missions that the United Nations has recently established around the world have highlighted some of the challenges facing contributing countries.Countries with special responsibility for the importance of their participation in peacekeeping missions should work closely together to address these crucial issues informally.In our view, this think tank should focus on two subjects of unanimous importance, which are dictated by current events:", "(a)The financing of peacekeeping missions for which the Volcker-Ogata report (A/48/460, annex) provides a basis for further development with a view to their rapid implementation;", "(b)The safety of staff on mission and the nature of sanctions that can be imposed against those responsible for attacks against United Nations personnel.", "28.The focus group, which should remain informal and flexible, could share the results of its deliberations with the Secretariat, the Security Council and the General Assembly.", "NAMIBIA", "[Original: English]", "[3 August 1993]", "1.The policy of the Government of the Republic of Namibia with regard to international peacekeeping operations has naturally been influenced by the country's recent history.The successful operation of the United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) in 1989-1990, which was the prelude to Namibia's independence, was warmly supported by the entire Namibian population, which saw peace and security restored.The UNGIPT had become synonymous with freedom.", "2.The Government of the Republic of Namibia has made peace and stability the foundation of its domestic and foreign policies.Thanks to its policy of national reconciliation, peace and stability have developed and been rooted in Namibia, especially as they are enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic.", "3.The policy of international peacekeeping is therefore one of the pillars of the foreign policy of the Namibian Government.Namibia will play its role in peacekeeping and peacebuilding to the extent of its capacity and human and material resources.", "4.In this context, the Government of the Republic of Namibia will support measures that can help build confidence in the region and put an end to mistrust and suspicion.The Regional Meeting on Security and Confidence-building Measures in Southern Africa, held in Windhoek from 24 to 26 February 1993, provided an opportunity for regional leaders and officials dealing with national security issues to discuss issues of relevance to the region.It has also helped, more importantly, to dispel mutual mistrust and misunderstanding.The Government will encourage and support such meetings in the future, as will the follow-up to the Windhoek meeting.", "5.Under this policy, the Government of the Republic of Namibia has spared no effort to find a solution to the crisis in Angola.At both regional and international level, its ministers have constantly sought ways to resolve this crisis.The Government of the Republic of Namibia is thus pursuing an active policy of preventive diplomacy and peaceful settlement of disputes, in accordance with its Constitution.", "6.In the context of the peacekeeping operation in Cambodia, under the auspices of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), Namibia dispatched a contingent of Wolf-type reinforced vehicles to participate in the operation.Based on the experience gained by this specialized contingent, Namibia is prepared, if requested, to give serious consideration to participating in future peacekeeping operations, subject to financial availability, by providing a similar contingent.", "7.Namibia wishes to emphasize the importance of providing countries that do not have the necessary training capacity with the necessary assistance to bring their forces to the level that enables them to participate effectively in international peacekeeping operations.This is particularly true for a young developing country like Namibia.Wolf-type reinforced vehicles require maintenance.During the Cambodia operation, the United Nations request arrived at the last minute.This is how only vehicles in running condition could have been sent, with some failures that could have been corrected.", "8.The Government of the Republic of Namibia considers that the financing of peacekeeping operations is the collective responsibility of all Member States, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations.The Government of Namibia has consistently paid its assessed contributions in full and on a regular basis.However, it should be noted that the financing of increasingly large peacekeeping operations would become too burdensome for developing countries, such as Namibia.The Government of Namibia therefore emphasizes that the reclassification of Namibia from level D to level C, as proposed by the Secretary-General in his report (A/47/484), will double its contribution to peacekeeping operations.The proposal to reserve the last category (D) for the least developed countries would increase the burden on developing countries, such as Namibia.", "9.The recommendation of the Ogata-Volcker report (A/48/460, annex, p. 21) to establish a revolving fund of $400 million will better address the start-up costs of peacekeeping operations that currently have only $150 million.This recommendation deserves consideration.", "QATAR", "[Original: Arabic]", "[2 August 1993]", "1.The Government of Qatar stresses the importance of the peace enforcement mechanism, in accordance with the relevant articles of the Charter.He agreed with the Secretary-General on the importance of preventive diplomacy in order to avoid the outbreak of armed conflicts that posed a threat to international peace and security.", "2.His Government also supported the Secretary-General's proposals contained in paragraphs 34 to 44 of his report \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111), in particular the use of peace enforcement units in well-defined circumstances.These forces should be better armed than the peacekeeping forces, while being available on a permanent basis for the purposes of the missions provided for in Article 42 of the Charter.", "3.The Government of Qatar considers that the proposals made by the Secretary-General in the above-mentioned report on the financing of peacekeeping and peace-keeping operations deserve consideration and adoption.", "UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND", "[Original: English]", "[20 July 1993]", "1.Following the statement by the Security Council of 28 May 1993 (S/25859) on the implementation of the \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111), the Secretary-General of the United Nations requested Member States to indicate the aspects of United Nations peacekeeping operations that deserved strengthening and to provide him with their views on the concrete measures to be taken.", "General considerations", "2.Before deciding to undertake a peacekeeping operation, the Security Council and the United Nations Secretariat must carefully analyse the situation on the ground.These operations need clear and realistic objectives, which are part of an ongoing political process that can provide a solution, a specific mandate must be assigned to them, the parties must agree to it, and it must be ensured that the necessary resources will be obtained.The United Nations and the Security Council must also be sure that the regional organizations or Member States concerned are willing to hand over to the United Nations when the measures they had taken have not produced results and decide whether the United Nations should intervene.Finally, the United Nations must critically judge the mandates being implemented to see how they could be carried out more quickly to the end.", "3.The Government of the United Kingdom commends the Secretary-General for his considerable efforts so far to strengthen and improve the capacity of the United Nations to plan and conduct peacekeeping operations.Useful initiatives have been taken, including strengthening the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, establishing a 24-hour operational room and initiating a contingency force planning project.The United Kingdom supported the proposals to integrate the Field Operations Division into the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "Command, direction and planning", "4.There is a need for clearer definition of command and leadership functions.It is essential to have a single command at the highest levels.Such a unit could only be achieved if only one department at United Nations Headquarters was responsible for all aspects of a peacekeeping operation.", "5.The command function itself (i.e., the power to assign elements of a force to tasks and to reallocate them as required) must be left to the Force Commander.The role of United Nations Headquarters should be to provide guidance to commanders and to ensure the necessary liaison between political and military leaders.The strategy is being developed, not the detailed planning of operations, and its capabilities in this regard need to be developed.", "6.The ability to respond flexibly to changing situations to meet peacekeeping requirements is the result of three factors: capacity, competence and experience.We must also save money, not only to reduce spending, but also to be able to do something about it, if necessary, and finally we must be able to manage the limited resources available.The United Kingdom advocates the creation of an expanded planning and operations unit, a kind of general secretariat for peacekeeping, to ensure the optimal application of these four principles.These men and women, civilian and military, some of whom could be seconded by Member States, would be governed by agreed professional rules and would be the essential link in the United Nations strategic planning process, mainly at Headquarters in New York, but also in the field.They would add to the planning and operations unit that already exists in the embryonic state and would provide it with the capacity, competence and experience it needs to be effective.They would work according to agreed standards and would be assigned well-defined tasks.Their functions are described in more detail in the annex.", "7.Planning and operations personnel would be the \"nerve system\" of the United Nations, which is currently not provided for in the structure or budget of the Organization.He would not have a command function, but would be responsible for implementing a plan of operations until the appointment of the Force Commander and his staff.It is important that the Force Commander be involved in planning from the outset.Planning and operations personnel could also be assigned to operations as senior officers of the United Nations commanders' staff.However, there will be a need to maintain a balance between field needs and needs at Headquarters in New York and not to puncture the core core of experts to the point of making it ineffective.In developing an operational plan, due consideration should be given to cost to avoid spending more than is necessary to be effective.", "8.There is also a need to find a way to recruit staff who are used to working together to form the core of a staff when a new mission is undertaken.States could be asked to designate individuals to be employed by the United Nations to replace peacekeeping personnel at Headquarters who might in turn be assigned to a new mission.It would be desirable for trades personnel forming the core of a headquarters staff to be composed mainly of nationals of interested States or of the major countries.It could sometimes be provided by a regional organization.Ideally, staff would have been introduced to United Nations procedures at Headquarters and used to working in a multinational environment.The combination of these staff and the planning and operations department, which would provide continuity and know-how, would help to remove the disadvantages of bringing a multinational staff together at the mission site.", "Communication and information", "9.The United Nations must provide commanders of forces with serious political analysis based on accurate and up-to-date information on the situation on the ground.The best way to collect this information is to contact experts, who often use specialized equipment.The United Nations cannot afford to build up internal military information capacity.It must therefore make greater use of the capacities already possessed by nations or multinational organizations.Force commanders must also be able to acquire the capability to analyse military information.", "10.The United Nations must establish a system-wide communications system to make strategic communications more cost-effective and better.A working group on communications could explore ways to enable all United Nations elements (including agencies) involved in operations to communicate effectively with each other.The adoption of common standards and compatibility are imperative.", "11.Perhaps the United Nations should consider the need to coordinate the provision of the necessary maps for operations and consider appointing a cartographer among military personnel.", "Mine clearance", "12.The United Kingdom welcomes the appointment of a mine-clearance adviser to the Secretariat.Coordination among all interested agencies is crucial.", "Uniform doctrine and logistical procedures for peacekeeping operations", "13.The fact that peacekeeping troops are provided by many Member States is one of the largest forces of the United Nations, as it is proof that these missions meet the concerns of the international community as a whole, and are not intended to serve only national or regional interests.But this political asset can be a source of military difficulties, as contingents of different nationalities, technical levels and different logistical procedures try to work together, often for the first time.", "14.Based on its experience in a multinational alliance, the United Kingdom is convinced that by publishing its tactical doctrine, from which uniform logistical procedures could be developed, the United Nations would secure forces.The United Nations could draw on existing uniform procedures, such as those developed by NATO for multinational activities.", "15.Secondly, after being adapted to current operations, uniform doctrine and procedures could be disseminated more widely among Member States.The troop-contributing nations should be well aware of these procedures and know how to implement them before sending troops to the field.", "Training", "16.Training must remain the responsibility of States, but must respect the standards established by the United Nations for personnel and units.Consideration should be given to building a knowledge base, which military schools around the world could use to train their officers in key positions.Experienced States should be willing to send specialists to work with military schools in other countries and help them establish their own training programmes.", "17.The United Nations could also explore the idea of sending accelerated training teams to less experienced countries.Such training, which could be organized at the regional level, would be particularly useful for the contingents for the area of duty.", "18.There may be a more limited training opportunity for the United Nations to prepare staff for key positions at headquarters in the field.Most training could be done by distance learning, possibly with the help of national or regional military schools.", "Political-military dialogue - cooperation with other bodies", "19.It was important to develop understanding between military and civilian personnel, both in peacekeeping operations and with humanitarian and other relevant organizations.", "Military observers and civilian observers of the United Nations", "20.The Organization lacks military observers.It might also consider the establishment of a United Nations civilian observer corps, composed of diplomatic and former military personnel willing to serve the United Nations, which would operate on the model of military observers and provide the United Nations with an additional analytical capacity, which would strengthen the work of civilian advisers.Joint United Nations military observer/civilian observer teams may be appropriate, whose combined roles would facilitate local liaison and peace-building activities and which, in accordance with the same doctrine, would support the work of the Force Commander.", "Logistics", "21.The United Kingdom recognizes the need to improve the logistical capacity of the United Nations.He called for the adoption of uniform procedures for all aspects of logistical support, including funding, to begin.It welcomes the work undertaken by the United Nations at the initiative of Canada to develop uniform logistical procedures, to which it fully subscribes.It was to be hoped that the results would be applicable to all peacekeeping operations.", "22.The development and application of logistics doctrine and uniform procedures will need to be complemented by training of contingents.A Member State with the necessary technical expertise could take the initiative in developing a training programme.", "23.Civil companies can be considered by launching an international tender where conditions on the ground permit and there is a financial advantage.However, coordination of all logistical aspects, including those entrusted to civilians, would be essential.", "24.There is also a clear need to coordinate the movement of all assets, as well as the evacuation of victims from theatre and medical evacuations.", "25.Since international United Nations staff would not be able to do the job until the idea of a general secretariat for peacekeeping was developed, the United Nations could fill the gaps by recruiting more local staff for short periods of time: logistics, administrative, accounting, etc.", "Information", "26.The United Nations must adopt a more proactive approach to information on peacekeeping operations.It needs to involve more media professionals, given the immensity of the task of each operation.Staff at Headquarters and in missions must be trained to control the media, explain the reasons for an operation and analyse it as it unfolds.Information can no longer be made exclusively from New York.It is desirable that it circulate more systematically between the United Nations and troop-contributing countries.The United Nations could recruit local specialists (or even former journalists) to collaborate with missions.", "27.The mandate and objectives of the mission must be specified in advance to the host country.It is therefore important to inform the public as soon as a technical reconnaissance mission is sent to the site and to determine how best to present the mandate and the operation itself to the host country and interested parties.", "Field administration and funding", "28.In order to meet the massive needs of ongoing operations, the United Nations must establish a highly qualified corps of heads of administration, who, in accordance with the principle of unity of command, will report through the head of mission to the Department of Peacekeeping Operations in New York.States could help to train them to develop best practice, identity of views and spirit of body.Preparation for future operations could take place in the theatre of operations of some of the major missions currently under way.", "29.The procedures for recruiting civilian staff, especially for short periods, should be simplified.The provision of instructions to companies that regularly provide qualified staff to the United Nations and encourage them to organize their own training courses should be encouraged.", "30.The United Kingdom recognizes the value of delegating more financial authority to the heads of administration of any operation, provided that a regular inspection system is also provided to verify that resources are being used appropriately.Military audit procedures are all relevant for peacekeeping operations.", "Equipment, costs and financing", "31.The United Kingdom agrees that there may be an operational advantage to build up limited renewable stocks, possibly from resources not used in ongoing operations, in order to be able to respond immediately to deployment needs in the event of an emergency.However, the Committee is aware that storage, maintenance and rotation of equipment and losses due to obsolescence would also be a source of expenditure.The financial implications of this measure should therefore be carefully considered before any action is taken.", "32.Consideration should also be given to the use of inactive contracts between the United Nations and commercial enterprises or countries for the provision of common-use items.Costs should be negotiated in advance and inventory should be inspected.", "33.The United Nations should consider applying a standard lease arrangement for advanced military equipment to all troop-contributing countries, rather than a depreciation formula.", "34.It might be useful to consider the possibility of charging in kind part of their assessed contributions, up to a limited percentage, to States that have appropriate military equipment in good condition, subject to inspection and verification and prior agreement on the cost of each item and the conditions of maintenance.", "35.Before the adoption of a draft resolution, a statement of the financial implications as precise as possible should be submitted to Member States, preferably 48 hours in advance, for consideration before taking action on the draft resolution.", "36.The United Kingdom agrees with the principle that, upon the adoption of a resolution, the United Nations Secretariat should send assessment notices representing 20 per cent of the estimated expenditures to meet the immediate needs of the operation.This would require much earlier cost estimates.It might also be useful to discuss this in advance with, for example, the 15 Member States that make the highest contributions.Pending the replies of Member States, the Secretary-General should be authorized to finance the first expenditures from the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund.", "37.However, this is only a temporary solution.In the longer term, nothing can replace the full and timely payment of assessed contributions.There is no opportunity to urge Member States, especially chronic debtors, to show more punctuality in paying their contributions.", "38.Proposals to improve the effectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping operations that would automatically result in increased expenditures should be met from savings resulting from the reallocation of priorities within the regular budget of the United Nations or from the regular budget of peacekeeping operations, as appropriate.", "Reserve quotas", "39.The United Kingdom welcomes the start of the contingency planning project.In order for peacekeeping forces to be deployed quickly and equipped for the tasks entrusted to them, it is essential that the Secretary-General know exactly which troops Member States are willing to make available to him.The audit process is important.It would seem appropriate for some of the units reported to be updated and inspected annually.Or the UN could adopt NATO's practice (as in the Defence Planning Questionnaire) of sending teams to interview states on a regular basis.The United Kingdom supports the NATO contact project.", "40.The UK has a professional army that performs various missions around the world.The nature of these missions does not allow the United Kingdom to reserve troops for the exclusive service of the United Nations.It would not be possible to guarantee the availability of such information.Nevertheless, the United Kingdom is prepared to consider, on a case-by-case basis, any request that may be made in the future to provide troops for United Nations peacekeeping operations, taking into account the resources already committed elsewhere.", "41.The British Government will therefore cooperate fully with the contingency planning team, which is due to visit the United Kingdom shortly, explaining the command system and the structure of its operational capacity, on the understanding that any request for the dispatch of contingents should be considered on a case-by-case basis.", "42.The first troop-contributing countries will agree to commit to sending them early, provided that the United Nations undertakes to set a firm date for the completion of the mission.Perhaps it would be appropriate to consider that countries with well-trained, equipped and available contingents would send the first wave of peacekeeping forces, thus allowing other countries time to train and equip their troops in accordance with the required standards.", "43.The team could also consider logistical support, including strategic transport, that Member States could be able to make available to the United Nations.", "United Nations civilian police", "44.The United Nations civilian police play a key role in United Nations operations, but the contingents do not have the same training and practices.The United Nations could also consider planning reserve troops to review the availability, type and training of civilian police and determine what type of police force is most suitable for a mission.", "Role of regional organizations", "45.The United Kingdom advocates a greater role for regional organizations in peacemaking and, possibly, in peacekeeping.These organizations have a thorough knowledge of local conditions and can provide authoritative advice on the origins of the conflict.", "46.This could include improving and encouraging contacts with relevant regional organizations.", "47.The United Kingdom also believes that regional organizations could be used to contribute to training for peacekeeping operations and, possibly, to undertake multinational activities.", "48.He supported the idea of a division of labour giving regional organizations a greater role in their areas of competence, especially in the area of peacemaking, while at the same time recognizing the primacy of the United Nations in situations in which international peace and security were at stake.", "The President", "Planning and", "operations could include:", "(a)To provide advice to the Secretary-General on all aspects of United Nations peacekeeping operations;", "(b)Establish general contingency plans and maintain the reserve contingent database;", "(c)To make proposals on various aspects of the forces: needs, command, control and communications, logistics, rules of engagement, needs and training criteria;", "(d)Liaise with countries and regional and other organizations, especially in the areas referred to in subparagraphs (b) and (c) above;", "(e)Support the Special Representative's reconnaissance missions and provide military assessments;", "(f)To oversee the implementation of the Security Council policy for United Nations operations;", "(g)Provide 24-hour support to ongoing operations;", "(h)To report to the Security Council after the completion of the operation.", "SWEDEN [2]", "[Original: English]", "[20 August 1993]", "Ongoing activities", "1.The Nordic countries supported and supported the restructuring efforts of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to strengthen the capacity of the United Nations in that area.", "2.They particularly welcome the integration of elements of the Field Operations Division into the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, which, in their view, will strengthen and optimize the planning, management and administrative support of operations.", "3.They looked forward to the results of the study by the Reserve Troop Planning Team to improve and accelerate the procedures by which the Organization obtained personnel or formed units and equipment from Member States to undertake new or expand peacekeeping operations.", "4.They were prepared to work with the Secretariat, to the extent resources were available, to identify additional staff to be temporarily available to the United Nations for the development of specific peacekeeping tasks.", "5.The Nordic countries welcomed the establishment of a Situation Room for operations in Somalia and the former Yugoslavia and noted with satisfaction that the Secretary-General was considering a similar integrated facility for all peacekeeping operations worldwide.They now believe that it is essential to significantly strengthen the operational management, command and control capacity of the United Nations Secretariat.", "6.They also called for the establishment of a military planning cell within the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to radically and timely improve the Secretariat's effectiveness.", "7.In addition to the measures currently being taken, however, the Nordic countries propose that the following proposals be considered in the near future:", "Organization and effectiveness", "8.The training arrangements for peacekeeping personnel (military, civilian and police) should be reviewed and improved, drawing on the opportunities offered by Member States, regional organizations and mechanisms, non-governmental organizations and the Secretariat.In particular, consideration should be given to establishing a training programme for key peacekeeping personnel to build a pool of qualified personnel familiar with the United Nations system and its operational modalities.The Nordic countries are prepared to explore ways to intensify their cooperation with the United Nations and its Member States to that end.", "9.Key personnel in a peacekeeping operation should be involved in planning from the first phase;The basic idea is that, to the extent possible, those who carry out peacekeeping operations should also contribute to the preparation of the operation.To that end, the Secretariat should endeavour to sign, in consultation with Member States, the potential key personnel (forces commanders and heads of administration) of future peacekeeping operations as soon as possible.", "10.Member States should be provided, as appropriate, with details of the areas of responsibility of the various experts and advisers, as well as of the regular managers of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, to facilitate communication and cooperation among those concerned.", "Financing", "11.The Nordic countries were extremely concerned about the serious financial situation of United Nations peacekeeping operations.Action was needed, drawing on the useful proposals contained in the report of the Secretary-General (A/48/460, annex), to ensure adequate funding for peacekeeping operations, based on the principle of collective responsibility and full and timely payment of assessed contributions.In this regard, the Nordic countries stress the importance of prompt reimbursement of all amounts owed to troop-contributing countries.", "12.While welcoming the establishment of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, the Nordic countries felt that further consideration should be given to how to adequately fund the initial phase of peacekeeping operations.", "13.The Nordic countries advocate taking the necessary steps to delegate to the Force Commander or the Special Representative the financial and administrative power to establish a composite mission, which would be more efficient and cost-effective.To that end, the United Nations financial regulations and rules, as well as administrative procedures for peacekeeping operations, must be reviewed to enable missions to better adapt to new situations and specific requirements.At the same time, efforts should be made to effectively train field administrative staff and to strengthen internal control procedures.", "Agreements and guidelines", "14.The conclusion of status-of-forces agreements is essential to create a clear working relationship between the United Nations and the host country for a peacekeeping operation.The Secretariat should therefore work towards the finalization of such agreements, preferably before the establishment of a peacekeeping force.", "15.The Nordic countries also wished to stress the paramount importance of the model agreement between the United Nations and Member States providing personnel and equipment for peacekeeping operations, especially as peacekeeping operations were becoming increasingly complex.They urged the Secretariat to conclude such agreements with Member States contributing troops.", "THAILAND", "[Original: English]", "[21 July 1993]", "I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES", "1.The Royal Thai Government is convinced that, in the words of the Secretary-General, \"the cornerstone of the building is and must remain the State\".Respect for the sovereignty and integrity of States is therefore crucial in any endeavour of the international community and the United Nations.", "2.The Royal Thai Government is following with great interest the United Nations peace enforcement activities.As these activities involve new serious risks, the Committee believes that the advantages and disadvantages of each operation should be carefully weighed.In some cases, they may have negative effects, especially when they have not received the consent of all parties to the conflict.", "3.The Secretary-General's idea of sending United Nations peacekeeping personnel to \"zones of instability and potential crisis\" to prevent possible hostilities deserves careful consideration.The Royal Thai Government believes that the scope and circumstances of such intervention should be defined more precisely.", "II.CAPACITY OF THE SECRETARIAT", "4.The Royal Thai Government welcomes the recent expansion of the Office of the Military Adviser.It also fully supported the idea of integrating the Field Operations Division into the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "III.PLANNING", "5.There is general agreement that planning procedures need to be improved.The Royal Thai Government believes that the Force Commanders should be appointed as soon as possible and directly involved in the preliminary planning process so that they can provide timely advice on the composition and needs of the Force and thus enable troop-contributing countries to prepare them effectively.In addition, improved procurement and logistics procedures are required.", "IV.ORDER AND CONTROL", "6.The rapid expansion of peacekeeping activities requires the establishment of an emergency situation room or a fully functional operations centre at United Nations Headquarters.The Royal Thai Government believes that the facility should, at a minimum, centralize communications and information concerning peacekeeping operations.Subsequently, the Centre will be able to integrate logistics, planning and intelligence services required for operations.", "V. TRAINING", "7.The Royal Thai Government is convinced that the success of peacekeeping activities depends to a great extent on the quality of training of staff.It is clear that this training must take into account the approved standards and principles for operations.The idea of developing a general manual on United Nations logistics concepts and procedures was most timely.The possibility of establishing regional training centres also deserves serious consideration.Regional cooperation, by allowing for an exchange of experience, would make Member States better able and prepared to contribute to peacekeeping operations.", "VI.FINANCING", "8.His Government had long been concerned about the precarious financing of peacekeeping operations.He firmly believed that the United Nations' efforts in that regard were too important for peacekeeping in the world to be dependent on financial and budgetary restrictions.The key to the solution of this thorny problem is, in his view, always the full and timely payment of assessed contributions by Member States.However, the bold and innovative approaches proposed by the Secretary-General in the \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) must also be seriously explored.", "VII.SAFETY OF PERSONNEL", "9.As a troop-contributing country, Thailand was seriously concerned about the increasing number of casualties among peacekeeping and other personnel.The Royal Thai Government hopes that the measures recommended by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/72 of 14 December 1992 will be implemented in due course.", "YUGOSLAVIA", "[Original: English]", "[26 August 1993]", "1.The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia supports the initiative and efforts to define the criteria and foundations of international relations and the role of the United Nations in the post-cold-war context, and in particular endorses the Secretary-General's determination to seek peaceful solutions to all problems and conflicts.", "2.Given that the Organization's essential role in the future in establishing, safeguarding and promoting world peace is widely recognized and accepted, it is quite normal that the approach and fundamental orientations of the \"Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) should be broadly supported by Member States, including the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia has indeed contributed to activities related to the preparation of the \"Agenda\", although the scale and scope of its contribution have often been limited by the sanctions imposed by the United Nations, without which it would have been much more important and consistent with what Yugoslavia was able and intended to offer.", "3.As one of the founding Member States of the United Nations and having participated in many peacekeeping missions under the auspices of the United Nations throughout the history of the Organization, Yugoslavia has always been one of the most faithful supporters of the fundamental principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, such as peace, peaceful cooperation, confidence-building measures and the promotion of relations among States and respect for human rights with a view to strengthening general prosperity.", "4.It is clear that the new quality of post-cold-war international relations, characterized by a desire for cooperation rather than confrontation, requires an appropriate structural and conceptual adjustment of the Organization, which will enhance its effectiveness and its ability to respond adequately to future challenges.At the same time, Member States themselves, including the largest, most powerful and most developed Member States, must also adapt their respective policies and views.In doing so, they must never lose sight of the fundamental principles of the Charter of the United Nations as the cornerstone upon which all future activities of the Organization must be based.Indeed, the United Nations, which has been entrusted with a sacred mission among all, namely the preservation of international peace and security, must first and foremost carry out this task in an effective, impartial and just manner in accordance with international law.Accordingly, the reform of international institutions, particularly that of the United Nations, in the light of new needs must be achieved through multilateral cooperation with the participation of all Member States on an equal footing.There is no doubt that the United Nations General Assembly is the most appropriate framework for all these activities.", "5.It would be politically naivety to underestimate the weight and power of the world's most powerful states and their influence on the definition of the future system of international relations.Therefore, future activities related to the implementation of the \"Agenda\" system must be carried out by considering all relevant factors, in a highly thoughtful manner, especially in the case of these countries.If the subsequent events were to indicate that the promotion of the interests of certain countries or groups of countries was to the detriment of the interests of other countries, the basic intentions proclaimed in the Agenda would become a dead letter.", "6.The decisions adopted or to be adopted by the Security Council on the crisis concerning the former Yugoslavia are eloquent proof that the issues dealt with in the \"Agenda\" deserve urgent attention and must be addressed without bias, which unfortunately has not been the case with Yugoslavia.", "7.From the beginning of the Yugoslav crisis, the United Nations has established a Protection Force (UNPROFOR) with a specific mission to protect the population, pending a lasting political solution.On the ground, UNPROFOR has established effective cooperation with the European Community Verification Mission.UNPROFOR's mandate has been progressively expanded from the territorial point of view (apart from the United Nations protected areas, it extends to the former Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Prevlaka peninsula and Macedonia) to the mission itself, so that the ongoing peacekeeping operation in the territory of the former Yugoslavia has become the largest, most complex and most costly in the history of the United Nations.Since the beginning of this mission, resolutions have been adopted that allow the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter to ensure the delivery of humanitarian aid and to impose safe areas in former Bosnia and Herzegovina.Close cooperation has been established between the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the implementation of the Security Council decisions on the no-fly zone established in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "8.Without an adequate prior assessment of the situation, the Security Council adopted resolutions imposing unfair and unfair sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.By their severity and global nature, these sanctions are unprecedented in the history of the Organization and penalize a whole people.Particularly absurd is resolution 820 (1993), which isolating the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from the outside world: adding insult to the prejudice, this resolution was adopted because the Bosnian Serbs, citizens of another State recognized by the United Nations, had refused to accept the Vance-Owen plan for former Bosnia and Herzegovina.The adoption of this resolution at that time was only one way of taking a moral attitude, since the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had accepted the Vance-Owen Plan as a framework for the search for a just and lasting peace acceptable to the three warring parties of the civil war in former Bosnia and Herzegovina.The \"unbearable lightness\" shown by the international community in managing the crisis in the former Yugoslavia was confirmed by the events: the Vance-Owen plan was practically abandoned, but not only the sanctions imposed on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were not lifted, but it is still insisted that they be strictly enforced.This inconsistency, if not this arbitrary one, in defending the principles and objectives of the Charter is far from contributing to the strengthening of international peace and security, much less to the adoption and confirmation of the \"Agenda for Peace\".", "9.In this context, the experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in its cooperation with the United Nations in the search for a solution to the crisis in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is of great value for the Organization's future activities in the area of peacekeeping, its financing and the recruitment of necessary personnel, but also in a time and time of dangerous precedents created on behalf of and under the authority of the World Organization.", "10.In this context, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia considers it a duty to make some observations on certain unacceptable trends in international relations that have been particularly evident in the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis.Based on its ongoing commitment to peace and on the fundamental principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law and on the experience gained in the search for a solution to this crisis, Yugoslavia presents below a number of remarks on the \"An Agenda for Peace\".", "11.The importance and role of the United Nations in the establishment, preservation and promotion of international peace and security is irreplaceable.The Organization is and must remain the principal effective and impartial centre of all activities aimed at the establishment, preservation and protection of international peace and security.", "12.The Security Council, the Organization's principal executive body, is primarily responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security.This role of the Security Council was particularly highlighted in the search for a solution to the Yugoslav crisis.Unfortunately, some negative trends have also emerged.", "13.In adopting the relevant decisions in the Security Council, in particular those concerning the war in former Bosnia and Herzegovina, a broad consensus was reached, in particular among the permanent members of the Security Council, so that these decisions were generally adopted unanimously, contrary to what happened during the cold war, which is far from being negative in itself.This is undoubtedly an important step forward and a sign of the strengthening of the role of the Security Council.However, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia believes, and in its view it shares the view of many other countries, that this development is commendable only if unanimity in the Security Council is not the result of the absolute supremacy and arbitrary role of some of its permanent members, which the other countries tacitly or at least do not openly disapprove of, conscious of their inability to exercise decisive influence and thus to modify or prevent the adoption of certain decisions.", "14.However, without prejudice to the importance of the Security Council, the universality of interests and the need to achieve a stable and lasting peace, the processes advocated in the \"Agenda\" must involve all interested parties, all Member States of the Organization, in the elaboration of future solutions.The most appropriate form of their participation would be in their work in the General Assembly, whose role, as the principal organ of the Organization, should be considerably strengthened.", "15.As a State that has made a significant contribution to defining the role of peacekeeping forces and other activities of the Organization, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia recognizes the importance of United Nations peacekeeping operations and their regular funding.", "16.The experience of all UN peacekeeping missions, particularly those in civil wars, as in former Bosnia and Herzegovina and Somalia, has shown that one of the priority roles of these missions is to provide humanitarian assistance.The particular problem is to ensure the protection of United Nations forces.Given the complexity of these issues, any effective solution to this problem that would ensure the smooth running of the Organization's activities, in particular those involving the use of force, must be sought in the context of strict observance of the principles of the Charter and of the relevant provisions of international law and on the basis of a carefully thought-out and carefully developed concept, taking into account all relevant elements and the specificities of the State and region concerned.The United Nations should therefore engage in a given country only with the consent of the United Nations, especially as the mandate of the Organization is increasingly extended to areas traditionally within the competence of States themselves, and as the focus is increasingly on solutions involving the use of force, either directly by the United Nations or through the use of military assistance outside the United Nations system, against which the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is strongly opposed.", "17.A future international order based on precedents would deviate from or even violate the fundamental principles of the Charter and international law, and would apply double standards - as was unfortunately the case in the management of the Yugoslav crisis, illustrated in particular by the forced secession of administrative entities of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the refusal of the international community to recognize the right of succession of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia internationally, as well as by the imposition of unjust, iniquitous and almost racist sanctions on a nation as a whole, not only would such an order be dangerous and would lead to chaos, but would undoubtedly also constitute a permanent source of tension, conflict and threats to peace and security.The Yugoslav example offers ample evidence in this respect.", "18.Among these evidences are the ever more frequent and dangerous attempts to get regional organizations to engage outside the territories of their member States (European Community, NATO, Western European Union (WEU) and Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)) under the pretext of cooperation with the United Nations in the maintenance of peace and security.It is clear that this will enable political, strategic and other objectives and interests to be realized.But what is particularly unacceptable is to try to use the United Nations as a smokescreen for distinct and essentially expansionist purposes.The United Nations has a compelling duty to prevent such attempts.These issues will also need to be seriously addressed when they are addressed in the preparation of the \"Agenda\", if the Organization is to be guaranteed a new place and role in the maintenance of peace and security and in promoting progress and prosperity throughout the world.", "19.The lessons of the Yugoslav crisis point to a new trend which, if confirmed, could have a very serious impact on future developments in international relations.It is a fact that the United Nations and its Security Council today have much easier recourse to the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter than before.In doing so, they are more often departing from the fundamental principles of the Charter and the spirit and norms of international law or interpreting them very freely, sometimes even arbitrarily.The most striking example in this regard is the decision to establish an international tribunal to try those responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia.It is clear that a few countries have had a decisive influence on the adoption of this decision, through which they have sought to satisfy some of their particular interests by abusing the authority of the United Nations.", "20.It is extremely dangerous for the Security Council to take hasty decisions, well-founded decisions or politically motivated decisions on false accusations, which, unfortunately, has often been the case in the management of the Yugoslav crisis.", "21.Such precedents do little to serve the credibility and authority of the world organization;They do not promote a climate of trust and cannot serve as a model for the solution of future conflicts.The unjust, unjust and extremely harsh sanctions imposed on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia are evidence of an unacceptable departure from the principles of the Charter and from the fundamental principles and rules of international law.", "22.A clear example of duplicity and partiality has been the denial of the right of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to participate in the activities of the United Nations and other international bodies and bodies.This way of penalizing a State, a full Member of the United Nations, has no legal basis in the Charter or in international law and is far from being conducive to the solution of international problems and conflicts.This is a particularly inappropriate way of managing a civil war like the one currently raging in the territory of the former Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "23.The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia accords absolute priority in its international relations to the political settlement of all conflicts and disputes.In that regard, she warmly welcomed the efforts of the Secretary-General to achieve a peaceful resolution of certain crises and conflicts.Particular attention must therefore be paid to the peaceful settlement of disputes and preventive diplomacy in planning the future activities of the Organization within the framework of the \"Agenda\".In this context, the International Court of Justice, whose role has been unjustly neglected, must receive increased attention and its competent and impartial arbitration must be sought and used much more frequently in the future.", "24.The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia considers that force and coercive measures, in particular sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter, should be used only as a last resort, and only when the international community has exhausted all other means in the search for a peaceful solution.Coercive measures, and in particular sanctions, cannot resolve an international conflict, let alone a civil war;They have never been and will never be an alternative to the peaceful and political settlement of problems and conflicts in accordance with the Charter.If, however, the international community decides to opt for coercive measures, this choice must be based on the Charter and be supported by relevant evidence and explanations.The procedure for adopting such a decision and the decision itself must leave no doubt as to whether the situation referred to by the Security Council justifies the adoption of such measures under Chapter VII or on the grounds for which the Security Council has taken such a decision.", "25.A comprehensive study of the measures taken against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under Chapter VII of the Charter, in particular the effects of sanctions on Yugoslavia and its neighbours and other countries in the region, would certainly facilitate the consideration of the issues envisaged by the Agenda.This study would provide a perspective of the negative experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and neighbouring States in the wake of the sanctions imposed by the United Nations, and in particular their impact on the most vulnerable groups of the population, namely infants, children, the elderly and the sick.", "26.Referring to the experience of Yugoslavia in the international community's attempts to resolve the Yugoslav crisis, in particular the adverse consequences of United Nations sanctions, it is proposed that the sanctions should be imposed in a highly selective and only final manner and that their duration should be limited.", "27.Given the very serious consequences of sanctions on the entire socio-political life of the country to which they are imposed and of the indirectly affected countries, it is perfectly right to call for special attention to be paid to the establishment of financial and other assistance mechanisms for countries affected by sanctions, while their own responsibility is not at stake.", "28.Given the destructive effects and long-term negative consequences of current conflicts, particularly the increasing number of civil and inter-ethnic wars in recent years, it is important to place particular emphasis in future discussions on some of the issues covered in the \"Agenda\" that concern the post-conflict period.In this regard, in addition to economic recovery and reconstruction issues, humanitarian and human rights issues are of particular importance.", "29.In general, and taking into account the principles of justice, peace and security and the problem of the distribution of forces at all times, it is entirely legitimate to consider whether the application of sanctions should be mandatory or only recommended, i.e. whether it would not be better for each Member State to decide on such application itself in accordance with its own political will and appreciation.The case of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is the best illustration of the relevance of this issue.Many countries believe that the sanctions imposed on Yugoslavia are too severe, unfair and unfair, but they are nevertheless obliged to apply them because it is a decision of the Security Council.", "30.All aspects of human rights and the systematic application of generally accepted norms must, of course, be at the centre of the Organization's concerns and activities.However, it is quite unacceptable that this very sensitive issue should be used as a pretext for interference in the internal affairs of sovereign States, particularly in cases of intervention.The sensitivity and complexity of this issue, and in particular the specificity of each region and country, leave no room for arbitrariness and premeditation.The responsibility of the United Nations in this area is enormous.", "31.The activities of the Organization should not be subordinated to the exclusive interests of the countries that were the subject of those activities or of those which, guided by their particular interests, might be tempted to direct the activities of the Organization in the interests of their own interests.In the context of the discussions on the issues covered by the Agenda, special efforts should be made to establish a stable mechanism for providing humanitarian assistance on an objective and equitable basis and to eliminate any bias among States that are generally the main donors.Needless to say, the consistent application of the principles of the Charter and the relevant rules of international law must underpin any action undertaken under the auspices of the Organization or through one of its mechanisms.", "32.In this regard, the experience gained in the Yugoslav crisis, particularly in the civil, inter-ethnic and religious war in former Bosnia and Herzegovina, is a unique reference.It goes without saying that civil wars threaten the fundamental rights of all, without distinction of origin.No one is innocent in a civil war.This basic principle must therefore be used to provide humanitarian assistance and to address human rights threats in war-affected areas.It is not by penalizing one of the parties to a civil war that a just and lasting solution can be achieved.", "33.There is therefore little justification for the criminalisation of a State that is not a party to a conflict, as was the case for the imposition of sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under the unfounded and absurd pretext of aggression against former Bosnia and Herzegovina.This is also evident for the main international actors, especially those who have launched the idea of sanctions and imposed them.", "34.In accordance with its principled position on the use of force and coercive measures, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia emphasizes the very sensitive nature of the issues relating to the \"rapid response forces\" to which the Secretary-General attaches great importance.These complex issues require a thorough reflection in which all States Members of the United Nations should participate, since they are clearly the first to have a clear framework in this area.", "35.In conclusion, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia reiterates once again its readiness to contribute fully to the elaboration of the \"An Agenda for Peace\", as well as to all activities of the Organization and other international organizations in accordance with the principles and objectives of the Charter of the United Nations and the fundamental norms and principles of international law.", "II.REPLIES OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS", "ASSOCIATION OF THE SOUTH-EST ASIA NATIONS", "[Original: English]", "[26 July 1993]", "1.The United Nations is the focal point for the maintenance of security and order in the world.The proposals contained in the Secretary-General's report entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A/47/277-S/24111) reflected new ideas and an innovative approach to strengthening that role, which the Charter had entrusted to the Organization.The change in the balance of forces around the world means that the United Nations can now more effectively carry out its preventive diplomacy, recovery, peacekeeping and peacebuilding functions, which play a key role in conflict prevention and resolution.But, as new conflicts and problems have emerged at the regional and subregional levels, the Organization is increasingly being called upon.", "2.In the Asia-Pacific region, changes in global strategic balance have already prompted major powers and countries in the region to adjust their policies.Given the current uncertainties, ASEAN has endeavoured to establish mechanisms for ongoing dialogue and consultation on regional security with the major countries of the region in order to identify and resolve problems in advance before they reach the stage of crisis or conflict.The work of ASEAN and the major Powers can thus complement the United Nations regional conflict prevention and resolution activities in the Asia-Pacific region.In South-East Asia, the efforts of the United Nations through the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) have been instrumental in the successful and peaceful conduct of the general elections in Cambodia in May 1993.ASEAN would like to see the United Nations continue to play its role in preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping, and post-conflict peace-building in the region.ASEAN also believes that the cause of international peace and stability will benefit from the economic dynamism and social development of the world.", "Preventive diplomacy", "3.ASEAN endorses the Secretary-General's views on preventive diplomacy and, in particular, the proposals to develop that concept through, for example, confidence-building measures, fact-finding and early warning.It is essential to identify and contain conflicts that may occur before they erupt.ASEAN can play a role in regional preventive diplomacy in cooperation with the United Nations.The principle of preventive diplomacy and peaceful settlement of disputes is enshrined in the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in South-East Asia.", "4.ASEAN supports confidence-building measures, which the Secretary-General quotes.ASEAN itself is a good example of what can be done to build confidence in a region.It has been the initiator of major regional confidence-building concepts such as the Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality and the South-East Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone.The ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea is another example of regional confidence-building.ASEAN also supported the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms.", "5.ASEAN welcomes the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution 47/120, which, by consensus on 18 December 1992, includes important decisions on fact-finding.ASEAN endorses the Declaration on Fact-Finding Activities of the United Nations for the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 46/59 of 9 December 1991, and notes that fact-finding missions undertaken by the Secretary-General, the Security Council or the General Assembly will respect the guiding principles adopted by the Assembly, including the prior consent of the States concerned.Article 99 of the Charter authorizes the Secretary-General to request the Security Council to consider any matter which, in his view, could endanger the maintenance of international peace and security and could be an element of preventive diplomacy.", "6.ASEAN largely endorsed the Secretary-General's proposals on early warning, namely, the establishment of an effective early warning mechanism and the idea that regional bodies had an important role to play in that regard.", "Peacemaking", "7.ASEAN supports the Secretary-General's proposal to give the Security Council a more active role in the peaceful settlement of disputes, in accordance with Chapter VI of the Charter.The Council should remain the principal body responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security and for resolving the issues that led to conflicts.As a universal body, the General Assembly should be used, as appropriate, to prevent or contain situations that pose a threat to international peace and security.The Cambodian experience has shown ASEAN that such a system is viable.The Secretary-General could also appoint special representatives for certain regions or countries to keep him informed of situations and to report hot spots.ASEAN also believes that international action to improve the local situation in the event of conflict could facilitate peacemaking.It would be desirable to have a more effective International Court of Justice.", "8.ASEAN also believes that the Security Council should take humanitarian considerations into account when adopting sanctions regimes.The Council should consider what types of sanctions are effective in achieving the desired results.", "9.ASEAN generally supports the use of military force and is advocated by the Secretary-General as a transitional measure before the United Nations resorts to coercive measures when peaceful means fail.In order to improve peacekeeping operations, the experience of the functioning of the United Nations Peacekeeping Administration in the field and at United Nations Headquarters could be further explored, as well as the possibility of establishing a United Nations peace enforcement force.Flexibility should be exercised in the process of establishing the Convention, as some countries had constitutional restrictions and public opinion problems.Most of the units of the force could come from countries that are ready to contribute troops.", "Peacekeeping", "10.ASEAN broadly supported the Secretary-General's proposals on the financial and logistical aspects of peacekeeping operations.However, it believes that the cost-effectiveness of these operations should be improved.It also urged all countries to pay their contributions in full and on time.The staff of peacekeeping activities must be highly competent, experienced and well trained to carry out the increasingly challenging task ahead of them: to implement and enforce the mandate of the United Nations.Training of staff for peacekeeping operations should be based on standards and concepts established by the Organization.", "Peacebuilding", "11.ASEAN agrees with the Secretary-General that peacebuilding should be seen as a continuation of preventive diplomacy.Peacebuilding, especially after conflicts, must not only address political problems of institutional and infrastructure development but must also address non-military security threats such as economic and social causes of instability.", "Financing", "12.ASEAN recognizes that a sound and stable financial base is a prerequisite for the effective implementation of all programmes and activities of the United Nations.This is particularly true today, at a time when the Organization is being called upon on all sides, particularly for peacekeeping purposes.It currently conducts no fewer than 14 peacekeeping operations in various parts of the world.This unprecedented increase in the number of such operations undertaken by the Organization since its inception obviously exhausts its already insufficient resources, as contributions are not being paid at the pace required to finance each of these operations.The financial situation of the United Nations remains deplorable;It is simply due to the fact that many Member States are not fulfilling their obligations under the Charter, which requires them to pay their assessed contributions to both the regular budget and peacekeeping operations on time.ASEAN therefore urged all Member States to pay their contributions in full at the appropriate time.", "Conclusion", "13.ASEAN welcomes and endorses many of the proposals made by the Secretary-General in his report \"An Agenda for Peace\".The Asia-Pacific region of the 1990s is doing well;peace prevails in and between member countries.The major changes that have taken place at the international level since the end of the cold war have created uncertainties, but they have also opened up an unprecedented opportunity for international cooperation to strengthen the prospects for global peace and prosperity.The world community has a duty to act to save future generations from the scourge of war.The Secretary-General's proposals in \"An Agenda for Peace\" are important advances towards international peace and stability.If the United Nations is to play its role more effectively in the maintenance of international peace and security, it must recognize that peace, development and democracy must be treated as an indivisibly whole without further delay.But it is not enough to recognize that peace and prosperity are linked;The time has come for the United Nations to adopt concrete measures and programmes of action.", "SECRETARIAT OF THE COMMONWEALTH", "[For the full text, see document S/25996/Add.2.]", "‑‑‑‑‑", "[1]The replies were reproduced as received.The designations used do not imply any position on the part of the United Nations Secretariat as to the legal status of countries, territories or areas or their authorities.", "[2] ^(*)On behalf of the Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden." ]	[ "[] UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 403 / Add.1", "S / 26450 / Add.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ARABIC / FRENCH /", "ENGLISH / RUSSIAN", "GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 87", "ENVIRONMENT OF THE QUESTION OF THE", "PEACE-KEEPING OPERATIONS", "IN ALL THEIR ASPECTS", "Improving the capacity to maintain", "of the United Nations", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "CONTENTS", "Page", "I.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES [1] 2", "Australia 2", "Russian Federation 2", "France 8", "Namibia 15", "Qatar 16", "Sweden 17", "Thailand 19", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 21", "Yugoslavia 30", "II.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS", "Association of South-East Asian Nations 38", "Commonwealth Secretariat 41", "I.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM MEMBER STATES", "AUSTRALIA", "[Original: English]", "[6 August 1993]", "1.\"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277- S / 24111) states that the nature of peacekeeping operations has evolved rapidly in recent years.The mandates have become more complex and the size and composition of peacekeeping forces and the number of operations in progress at a given time represent a significant variation from the experience of the first 40 years of the United Nations.", "2.To a large extent, this expansion of peacekeeping operations and the diversification of the functions of the staff of peacekeeping operations have taken place without an explicit debate or consensus on the role that should be played by the United Nations and other bodies and on the political and practical limits that should be placed on peacekeeping operations.", "3.The demands of peacekeeping operations already exceed the current United Nations logistical and planning capacity and present an increasing need for financial and human resources for Member States.It is generally recognized that the United Nations can no longer give more of itself, as its level of organization, resources and procedures is no longer sufficient to meet all the demands.", "4.There is therefore growing reason to agree that the conditions for establishing peacekeeping operations must be more predictable and that limits should be more clearly defined than in a realistic way the United Nations can be expected to achieve.", "5.The Australian Government is currently forming an opinion on the best way to set these conditions.At the same time, it fully supported efforts to enhance the effectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping operations.It welcomed the recent reforms aimed at strengthening the Secretariat's capacity for planning, logistics and command and control of peacekeeping operations and would continue to be actively involved in discussions and proposals by Member States, in consultation with the Secretary-General, on practical ways to improve the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations.", "RUSSIAN FEDERATION", "[Original: Russian]", "[14 September 1993]", "1.The profound changes that have taken place in the world over the past few years have changed the nature of the challenges facing international peace and security.The main threat to humanity now comes not from the possibility of nuclear outbreak among the great Powers, but from regional crises that have a national, ethnic and religious basis.", "2.As a result, changes are taking place in the security priorities of the international community.Most States are currently focusing on peacekeeping measures, and therefore the need to strengthen the United Nations peacekeeping capacity has emerged.", "3.The Russian Federation notes with satisfaction that in recent years the United Nations, despite all the difficulties, has made considerable progress in adapting its peacemaking activities to changing conditions.There is no need to mention facts or trends, as they are well known.", "4.At the same time, new problems have arisen.States, in increasing their hope for United Nations peace-building measures, are not always prepared to make a practical contribution to these measures or to allocate the necessary material, technical, financial and human resources.There is sometimes even a sense of impatience and a critical attitude when United Nations peacemaking measures are stagnating or do not bring rapid and apparent results.The global security and future of the Organization itself will depend to a large extent on the ability of the United Nations to adapt effectively and unhindered to the reality of a changing world.", "5.The report of the Secretary-General entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277-S / 24111) was an important contribution to the development of the concept of peacemaking.The detailed analysis of this document in the Security Council has shown the opportunity to give a concrete form to the theses contained in the report and to define the common priorities of the States Members of the United Nations.", "6.The substantive debate on \"An Agenda for Peace\" has also begun in the General Assembly, the results of which are expected with great interest.", "7.In this context, the Russian Federation fully supports the recommendation of the Security Council that all States should take part in their foreign and internal security policy by participating in and supporting international peacekeeping.This fundamental principle is reflected in the current foreign policy theoretical documents and the policy instruments of the Russian Federation.", "8.The provisions contained in the statement of the President of the Security Council of 28 May 1993 (S / 25859) are intended to help clarify and develop the overall political guidance and operational principles supporting the conduct of peacekeeping operations.A useful contribution to the identification of the basis for the conduct of peacekeeping operations is also contained in the paper prepared by the ad hoc expert group on peacekeeping cooperation established by the North Atlantic Cooperation Council.We believe that the provisions of that document could be taken into account in the preparation of the Secretary-General's report to the United Nations.", "9.The effectiveness of United Nations peacekeeping operations could be significantly enhanced through a more comprehensive and effective use of the resources offered by preventive diplomacy.Among the new aspects of this activity, the Russian Federation welcomes the first preventive deployment of a United Nations contingent in Macedonia as an important step in the search for new approaches in the area of conflict prevention.The further development of the concept of \"safe areas\" could also be valuable.", "10.The Russian Federation was ready to participate in the submission to the Secretary-General of the necessary information, including confidential information, for effective preventive diplomacy and peacekeeping activities as a whole.", "11.The Russian Federation supports the idea that the Security Council should make full use of its Charter powers to direct the parties to the conflict towards a negotiated peaceful solution.It also welcomes the strong and determined efforts made in recent months by the Secretary-General in the exercise of his mediation and good offices prerogatives and considers that the close and ongoing consultations he has held with the Security Council are of exceptional importance for the development of a common strategy.", "12.The Russian Federation was interested in the early development of a specific procedure for the implementation of the provisions of Article 50 of the Charter of the United Nations.In particular, it would be useful to consolidate the practice that the Security Council recommends to the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and other multilateral financial institutions that they take due account of the harm caused to \"third countries\" by the sanctions when funds are allocated to those countries through those organizations.", "13.The experience of the latest United Nations peacekeeping operations, in particular in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia and Somalia, demonstrates the importance of no interruption throughout the functional chain: planning, preparation, logistical support and control of the conduct of United Nations peacekeeping operations.This in turn means a clearly defined interaction of national contingents, an adequate organization of the command system, as well as the development of precise rules for the conduct of operations and the criteria for the use of force.It is clear that \"complicated mandates\" peacekeeping operations require a special approach, including the selection of United Nations peacekeeping troops (taking into account their experience and military efficiency), the adequacy of enforcement measures, etc.", "14.It is very important that operations be initiated in the context of a clear objective of political solution, and not simply as a reaction by the world community to situations where \"something must be done.\"", "15.An important component of the success of peacekeeping operations is a sound financial basis.The current critical situation in this regard is, first and foremost, a result of the lack of political will of States to support global stability through United Nations peacekeeping measures, as the fact (cited in the Volcker- Ogata report (A / 48 / 460, annex)) shows in particular that, on average, of every $1,000 spent by States for defence purposes, United Nations peacekeeping operations are only $1.50.", "16.The focus should be on the development of a mechanism for more rigorous control of the planning and rational use of human, material and technical resources in United Nations operations.In particular, the role of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions could be strengthened at all stages of the preparation and implementation of the budgets of United Nations operations.", "17.Attention should also be paid to the issue of financing the initial phase of an operation in the case of emergency deployment.The Russian Federation stands ready to support the Secretary-General & apos; s proposal to develop new arrangements to accelerate the allocation of resources to a new operation immediately after it has been established by the Security Council.", "18.The Russian Federation still had doubts about the creation of a single budget for all operations, as it would leave the main problem of the need to adjust costs and increase the effectiveness of operations unaddressed and the liquidity situation improved.", "19.The Russian Federation believes that the time has come to consider the diversification of the sources of financing of peacekeeping operations through increased material responsibility of recipient and other States directly concerned with the end of the conflict.It could be useful to obtain resources from regional organizations, from voluntary contributions, including from non-governmental sources and, in specific cases, to use in-kind contributions.", "20.The time had come to take concrete steps to review the scale of assessments for the United Nations operations budget.", "21.In the light of the tasks before the Organization, the following aspects of improving United Nations peacemaking mechanisms are particularly timely:", "(a)The existing structures for planning, preparing and managing United Nations operations need to be strengthened and, perhaps, additional structures created.Under the Charter of the United Nations, the Military Staff Committee is responsible for the strategic direction of all armed forces made available to the Security Council.The revitalization of the Military Staff Committee deserves serious consideration.If the Committee could focus on specific measures and include in its work representatives of major troop-sending countries (for example, in accordance with Article 47 of the Charter), it could, under the leadership of the Security Council, take the overall command of operations, develop concrete proposals on cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in a given area, etc.The division of functions among the Secretariat units must be more clearly defined.The Russian Federation believes that it is important to strengthen the central position of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and to include, among its core staff, qualified specialists capable of performing numerous functions, which could be involved in a variety of ways in the urgent start of operations;", "(b)Special attention should be paid to the command and monitoring of field operations.The effective leadership of the United Nations force commander, the close coordination of troop activities from several countries and their compliance with the mandate given to the Security Council are of crucial importance.In this regard, it is important that well-defined interrelations and cooperation exist within the command of operations (including their military and civilian components) and a single operational centre that operates efficiently 24 hours a day;", "(c)The Russian Federation welcomed the ideas underlying the concept of the United Nations \"reserve forces\" proposed by the Secretary-General.The Supreme Council is currently considering a draft law on the participation of the Russian Federation in United Nations peacekeeping operations.When approved, the Russian Federation intends to conduct negotiations to conclude an agreement with the United Nations on the military, civilian and auxiliary Russian staffing, ready to take action, as well as the provision of material and technical resources and services for existing or planned peacekeeping operations.The Russian Federation has already informed the United Nations of a part of its existing resources (two military medical divisions);", "(d)It is of crucial importance to ensure that operations are initiated as soon as possible, when fragile agreements in \"hot areas\" can and should be strengthened by the United Nations presence, which could begin with the dispatch of observers.The time frame between the adoption of a decision by the Security Council and the actual start of operations must be significantly reduced;", "(e)In taking a decision on the start of an operation, in particular a large-scale operation, the Security Council should consider not only the political convenience, the cost of United Nations action and the extent of possible risks to staff, but also the problem of \"withdrawal\" from the operation.There should be no \"unlimited intervention.\"However, this principle should not become a dogma.In exceptional cases, when there is no viable political solution, the United Nations Member States must agree to continue the operation, as \"bad peace is better than good fighting.\"The practice of including in Security Council decisions provisions that make the stay of United Nations personnel in conflict regions conditional on progress in their peaceful settlement should be expanded;", "(f)It is important to improve the procedure for the recruitment and training of personnel, including civilian personnel.In particular, criteria for the recruitment of civilian personnel should be specified and consolidated recommendations for the training of such personnel for the conduct of United Nations operations should be developed.It would be useful to create national \"reserve quotas\" composed of voluntary civilian specialists.The Russian Federation believes it is appropriate for the United Nations Secretariat to prepare a comprehensive list of the expertise and requirements to be met by candidates and to send it to potential donor countries.", "22.The issue of staff safety has recently become particularly serious.In this regard, the Russian Federation supports the strongest measures, including measures to bring to justice the persons and organizations guilty of attacks or other violent acts against the \"blue helmets.\"The mandatory conclusion of agreements with host countries on the status of United Nations forces is a partial solution to the problem, which is not a sufficient answer to all questions.At the same time, strong measures to defend United Nations troops should not lead to punitive military operations or to United Nations involvement in internal conflicts.", "23.It is important that the right of the United Nations to bring to justice persons who resort to violence against United Nations personnel become legally binding.A precedent may arise when the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia begins its proceedings.", "24.Post-conflict peace-building is becoming an integral part of peacekeeping without which countries emerging from the \"active\" phase of conflict cannot be rebuilt.The Russian Federation is particularly interested in the study of the experience and capacity of the United Nations and other international organizations in this area with regard to peacebuilding in the territory of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "25.The Russian Federation considered the proposals on decentralization of responsibility for peacekeeping and peacemaking useful and supported the idea of strengthening the role of regional organizations in that area in accordance with Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations.Progress in this regard must be gradual, and a prerequisite is for the Security Council to continue to have the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.", "26.The Russian Federation welcomes the conclusion of a framework agreement on cooperation and coordination between the United Nations and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and notes the efforts of CSCE, the European Community, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Western European Union to resolve the conflict in the territory of the former Yugoslavia on the basis of the decisions of the Security Council and under the political leadership of the Council.", "27.The question of the establishment of peace in the territory of the former Soviet Union is of the utmost importance to us.The collective peace-building mechanisms of the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as separate regional agreements on conflict resolution in specific regions of the former Soviet Union, are now being more actively implemented in practice and cooperation between these mechanisms and the United Nations and the CSCE is increasing.As a participant in these mechanisms and agreements, the Russian Federation appreciates the practical contribution of the United Nations to the resolution of those conflicts and is ready to continue to cooperate with the Organization.", "FRANCE", "[Original: French]", "[28 July 1993]", "1.France has considered with satisfaction the report of the Secretary-General of 15 June 1993 (S / 25944) on the implementation of the recommendations made in \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277- S / 24111) and welcomes the action already taken.", "2.In accordance with the wishes of the Secretary-General, the Government of France wishes to contribute to the debate that is taking place in the following areas.", "I.IMPROVING PREPARATION OF MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS", "OF THE PEACE", "Strengthening the Secretariat", "3.France is pleased to note the significant increase in the human resources and infrastructure of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.This effort must continue in both the civilian and military divisions of that Department.This capacity-building, which is recognized by all, is necessary to address the continued increase in peacekeeping operations that require continued political and military follow-up.", "4.At the same time, the French Government fully endorses the Secretary-General & apos; s efforts to send fact-finding missions to places where the Organization is called, or is at risk of being called, to intervene.As the Secretary-General himself stressed in his same report of 15 June 1993, all information received by those missions, or transmitted by Member States, should be treated effectively.For the same reason, it seems essential to continue to strengthen the Secretariat & apos; s resources, in particular the military division and the situation room of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "More detailed military planning", "5.Today, the military planning function is as crucial as the political follow-up to the various conflicts under way.The United Nations is forced to deploy peacekeeping missions in which States of different military traditions join.They must have more effective monitoring and planning mechanisms to anticipate crisis situations, react quickly and facilitate initial planning of operations in line with very specific United Nations constraints.", "6.Efforts must be made in three directions:", "(a)Even before Member States announce their contributions, an initial operational concept based on a more detailed military audit and, ultimately, a planning outline should be developed in conjunction with the relevant Special Representative of the Secretary-General.This will improve the quality and seriousness of the plan for the implementation of the military component of the mandate, traditionally described in the report of the Secretary-General which sets out the scope of action of each mission.For that reason, a new structure linked to the Secretariat, composed of officers with strong planning experience and dimensions, should be gradually established to maintain the flexibility expected from such structures;", "(b)From the beginning of deployment, this structure should be strengthened as soon as possible by representatives of troop-contributing States responsible for preparing operational planning itself, in coordination with the staff to be deployed in the field;", "(c)On the other hand, these generic planning cells already exist in several multilateral political and monetary organizations, in particular in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Western European Union.The much-needed contacts and exchanges of views between the United Nations and those recognized organizations of experience and competence should be expanded, particularly with regard to areas of operations covered by those organizations and where they should be directly involved at the request of the United Nations.Such exchanges would create a complementarity that will be indispensable on the day when experts and soldiers from those organizations should work together with the United Nations in the field.", "Further consideration with troop-contributing countries", "7.The main troop-contributing countries often wish to be informed, during a mission, of the guidance and operational decisions taken.The French Government understands these requests and considers that it would be useful for the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to keep informed of the decisions taken or planned to be taken by an informal follow-up committee composed of diplomatic and military representatives from the countries participating in the mission concerned and, where appropriate, to consult with it.In summary, if the Secretariat & apos; s means of analysis, planning and follow-up were to be increased, it was logical that, at the same time, troop-contributing States should be better informed collectively of the mission & apos; s development.", "Improved logistics", "8.The international community is increasingly calling on the United Nations to intervene very quickly in crisis or humanitarian emergency situations.Such increased responsibility meant that the Organization had increasingly short time frames to respond, and it was therefore imperative that it should have at all times the necessary material for the rapid deployment of a mission.For that reason, the logistical capacity of the United Nations must be strengthened.", "9.The storage of weapons and ammunition entails high maintenance costs and requires qualified personnel who are familiar with the material to be used.For that reason in particular, it is preferable that armaments be in general the exclusive responsibility of Member States.", "10.However, recent experience shows that certain needs are repeated from mission to mission.Peacekeeping must be supported by very specific types of equipment that are not systematically included in the regular strength of the troops called to serve as blue helmets and which are to be used in very diverse operations theatres.This is the case with non-military material (prefabricated housing, radio, telephones, vehicles,...), but also with certain military equipment (military communications, armoured front vehicles, telegraphed aircraft,...).The Secretariat should be able to provide civilian and military personnel, from the time of their deployment, with such material as is essential to enable them to fulfil their mandate.The Secretariat should therefore be equipped with a small central warehouse of materials specifically adapted to peacekeeping.", "II.IMPROVED IMPLICATIONS OF MISSION MISSION", "OF THE PEACE ON THE GROUND", "Contribution of Member States in the military field", "11.In view of the growing needs for United Nations intervention, there is a need for a thorough reform of the system of mobilization of the blue helmets.While it was clear that the Organization had no means of maintaining permanent forces today, it was essential for Member States to prepare forces that could be mobilized quickly.These should consist of previously selected units (\"finger-pointed\") that comprise a set of force modules trained in the light of peacekeeping tasks and equipped with mutually compatible materials.These units (force modules) would be made available to the United Nations and could be mobilized at any time.", "12.With the increase in peacekeeping operations, the capacity of major troop-contributing countries has been limited.Today, States, to a greater extent than before, in deciding to participate, take their own national interests into account first.On the other hand, what is also the case is that troop-contributing countries are not willing to intervene simply on the basis of what has been agreed today to call the \"moral obligation\" of members of the international community.", "13.The force module mechanism should allow for a large part of the reversal of current trends to return to the principle of United Nations neutrality and facilitate, through prior agreement, the Secretary-General & apos; s assessment of the Organization & apos; s actual capacity to intervene.It should also enable an increasing number of Member States to participate in peacekeeping missions.It would be useful for each Member State to be interested in this measure and to make known, in accordance with its own capacity, the nature of the units that could be made available to the Organization at the time.Ultimately, all Member States should be involved in that process.", "Increased interaction among contingents", "14.The logistics of these force modules requires that all troops called upon to intervene in operations in very short time-frames have a common knowledge and method base.It therefore seems essential that there be common training for all the units concerned.This training, which would complement the military training of each army, should be first provided in national military academies.But the United Nations should be responsible for coordinating, beginning with senior officers and in a descending order, specific courses to exchange concepts and methods.These courses should be organized in shifts by major troop-contributing countries under the supervision of the United Nations.The United Nations should also organize common (staff) exercises in order to be able to verify in practice the interaction between contingents and to seek ways to improve it.", "Improving the means of political analysis and mission follow-up", "15.The mandate of the recently deployed missions includes an increasingly comprehensive political component.The tasks are often to monitor the relevant administrations, to form new police forces, to join different factions, in other rival times, in a new army, to ensure the honesty of electoral campaigns, etc.These tasks are fully in response to the concern expressed by all that peacekeeping missions should also address the political causes of conflict in order to allow for lasting peacebuilding.", "16.This new responsibility requires that the mission in question be at all times pending the evolution of political positions of all parties to the conflict.This need to know the local political environment as best as possible becomes more imperative, given that peacekeeping missions - often composed of thousands of people - may be in a position to reject a population sometimes manipulated by a minority that opposes them.Any mission must be able to anticipate the problems it may encounter and to make the people concerned aware of the reasons for the decisions it takes.", "17.It would therefore be desirable for each mission to be systematically equipped with a political analysis unit, directly linked to the office of the special representative.The task of this unit, which is composed of international experts and specialists from the region, would be to monitor closely and analyse the evolution of the political environment and the feeling of the stakeholders in order to inform the special representative of the trends that are being seen between the political class and the population.Political analyses of that unit should also be transmitted to the Secretariat for information.", "III.BEST POLITICAL CONTROL", "18.France is committed to increasing political control over peacekeeping operations.", "19.The different stages of the development of such operations should be monitored more closely.", "20.The preparation of the operation must follow the logic proposed by the Secretary-General in \"An Agenda for Peace.\"", "21.The field deployment of fact-finding missions involving representatives of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, in addition to fully responding to the common desire for preventive diplomacy, would allow for the preparation of troop deployment, the provision of requirements, the collection of information and the determination of the provisional costs of the operation.The reports of those missions should be transmitted to Member States as soon as possible, so that they could make the necessary arrangements for their possible participation in sufficient time.", "22.The practice of appointing a special representative of the Secretary-General for each operation should be generalized.This designation is made after consultations with the parties to the conflict and with the Security Council.The role of the special representative is to coordinate the measures of the different components of the operation (civil,", "(a) To ensure political and non-operational control of military aspects and to report regularly to the Secretary-General and the Security Council on its mission;", "23.The establishment of the operation depends first and foremost on the Security Council & apos; s clear definition of the mandate.In that regard, France would like to see, to the extent possible, the \"founding\" resolutions of the peacekeeping forces more precise in the two aspects:", "(a)The mandate of force should expressly include the definition of the latest political objectives.The most realistic would be that they were limited and did not necessarily aim at a total settlement of the crisis;", "(b)The mandate should also define the objectives of each phase.The Secretary-General, in his report to the Security Council at the beginning of each operation, should propose a time frame and a timetable for evaluation.The intermediate objectives could include the disarmament (partial or complete) of the warring forces, the establishment and observation of a ceasefire, and the dispatch of good offices missions on the ground.", "24.The management and monitoring of the operation could be improved:", "(a)Improving the means - still too limited - of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations operations monitoring room.Such a room should be open not only to the members of the Department, but also to the military representatives of troop-contributing States and even to members of the Staff Committee established under Article 47 of the Charter;", "(b)By having the special representative of the Secretary-General report on a regular basis (once a month) on the whole mission, the development of operations, the problems encountered in the implementation of the mandate and the monitoring of the established timetable.The Security Council should be informed of the work of the Mission & apos; s Political Analysis Unit, as well as of any other elements (private audits) that could be illustrated to it;", "(c)By systematically sending expert inspection missions with a Security Council mandate, to which they would be accountable, to assess the situation and to verify the adequacy of the mandate, the means of force and the rules of engagement and the homogeneity of its interpretation.", "25.The association of regional organizations and security covenants to peacekeeping operations should be encouraged under certain conditions:", "(a)The special representative of the Secretary-General remains responsible for the operation.Representatives of regional organizations and security covenants act under their political authority;", "(b)The formula of appointing a joint representative of the United Nations and the regional organization can also be encouraged;", "(c)Representatives of States members of these covenants and organizations, where they contribute to the operation, should also have access to the Secretariat's Operations Monitoring Chamber.", "IV.MAYOR FINANCIAL CONTROL", "Confirmed principles", "26.The question of the financing of peacekeeping operations should be carefully considered, and the French Government:", "(a)Recalls its commitment to the current system of budget per operation, which ensures the financial transparency of each operation and allows for individual monitoring and monitoring by Member States;", "(b)It remains in favour of financing operations through mandatory contributions, which is the only means of ensuring independence and providing stable resources.Voluntary contributions should be accepted only when they were from the States that were the beneficiaries of the operations, provided that they had funds for them;", "(c)They wish that the start of each operation should be preceded by a detailed cost assessment and that a financial report should be made available to Member States before the Security Council takes a decision;", "(d)It will support any proposal to improve the audits of current operations or, more generally, to facilitate more regular cost control and more comprehensive information to the bodies concerned (Security Council and Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions).", "An informal review group", "27.The difficult, complex and long missions that the United Nations has recently undertaken in different parts of the world have highlighted some challenges that the troop-contributing countries have to face.It would be useful for the countries with special responsibility, given the importance of their participation in peacekeeping missions, to work closely with each other to seek to address those crucial problems informally.In our view, this review group should focus on two issues of unanimous importance and very topical:", "(a)The financing of peacekeeping missions for which the Volcker- Ogata report (A / 48 / 460, annex) provides suggestions that should be further considered with a view to achieving rapid deployment;", "(b)The safety of personnel participating in missions and the nature of sanctions that may be adopted against those responsible for attacks against personnel serving under the United Nations flag.", "28.That review group, which should be informal and flexible, could communicate the results of its reflections to the Secretariat, the Security Council and the General Assembly.", "NAMIBIA", "[Original: English]", "[3 August 1993]", "1.The policy of the Government of the Republic of Namibia with regard to the maintenance of international peace has, of course, been influenced by the recent history of the country.The entire population of Namibia enthusiastically supported the operation of the United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG), which took place in 1989 and 1990, which helped Namibia to achieve its independence and restore peace and security, and witnessed its success.The GANUPT became a synonym of freedom.", "2.The Government of the Republic of Namibia has made peace and stability the main objective of its national policy and also of its foreign policy and, through its policy of national reconciliation, has made peace and stability deep in Namibia, particularly with the support of the Constitution of the Republic of Namibia.", "3.Thus, international peacekeeping policy is one of the pillars of the foreign policy of the Government of Namibia.Taking into account labour and resource constraints, Namibia, to the extent of its capacity, will play its role in peacekeeping and peacebuilding.", "4.From that point of view, the Government of the Republic of Namibia will support measures that help to ensure confidence in the region and to eliminate suspicion and mistrust.The regional meeting on confidence-building and security measures in southern Africa, held in Windhoek from 24 to 26 February 1993, provided regional leaders and national security policy makers with a useful opportunity to discuss common problems and, more importantly, to make mutual suspicions and misgivings disappear.The Government will encourage and support other similar meetings in the future or build on the achievements of the Windhoek meeting.", "5.In the light of that policy, the Government of the Republic of Namibia has spared no effort to find a solution to the crisis in the neighbouring country of Angola.At both the regional and international levels, Government ministers have been constantly trying to find ways to resolve the crisis.The Government of the Republic of Namibia, therefore, is actively implementing a policy of preventive diplomacy and peaceful settlement of disputes under its Constitution.", "6.Namibia is participating in the current peacekeeping operation in Cambodia under the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), with a contingent of reinforced vehicles - Wolf.In the light of the experience of this specialized contingent of reinforced vehicles, Namibia will in future seriously consider any request for participation in peacekeeping operations with a similar contingent, with the only exception that it may face financial constraints.", "7.Namibia would like to stress the importance of countries that cannot afford the necessary specialized training being provided with the necessary assistance to put their forces at the level required for effective participation in international peacekeeping operations.This is particularly relevant for a young and developing country such as Namibia.The reinforced vehicles - Wolf - require maintenance.In the Cambodia operation, the United Nations made the request at the last moment.As a result, only those vehicles that were already ready to be used could be sent, perhaps with some defects that could have been remedied.", "8.The Government of the Republic of Namibia considers that the financing of peacekeeping operations is the collective responsibility of all Member States, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.The Government has always paid its assessed contributions in full and on time.It should be noted, however, that, as peacekeeping operations increase, the financing of such operations will become a heavy burden for developing countries such as Namibia.The Government would therefore like to stress that, if it moves to Namibia from the category, D to C, as proposed in the report of the Secretary-General (A / 47 / 484), it will increase its participation in peacekeeping operations by 100 per cent.However, if the proposal, which was intended to reserve the last category D, for the least developed countries, was implemented, a heavy burden would be imposed on developing countries such as Namibia.", "9.The recommendation in the Ogata-Volcker report (A / 48 / 460, annex, p. 18) that a revolving fund of $400 million be established would reduce the initial cost of peacekeeping operations compared to the current level of $150 million; that recommendation should be taken into account.", "QATAR", "[Original: Arabic]", "[2 August 1993]", "1.The Government of Qatar affirms the importance of the peacekeeping and peace-keeping mechanism in accordance with the relevant articles of the Charter.It also agreed with the Secretary-General on the importance of preventive diplomacy in preventing the outbreak of armed conflicts that threatened international peace and security.", "2.The Government of Qatar also supports the proposals of the Secretary-General contained in paragraphs 34 to 44 of his report entitled \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277-S / 24111), in particular the use of peace-keeping units in clearly defined circumstances.Such forces should be more armed than peacekeeping forces and be available permanently for the purposes set out in Article 42 of the Charter.", "3.The Government of Qatar believes that the proposals submitted by the Secretary-General in his above-mentioned report for the financing of peacekeeping and peace-keeping operations are worthy of consideration and deserve support.", "SWEDEN [2]", "[Original: English]", "[20 August 1993]", "Current management", "1.The Nordic countries welcomed and supported ongoing efforts to restructure the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to strengthen United Nations peacekeeping capacity.", "2.The Nordic countries particularly welcome the integration of the relevant parts of the Field Division into the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, as a measure that they believe will strengthen and make more effective the planning, management and administrative support of operations.", "3.The Nordic countries looked forward to the results of the work of the standby unit planning group to improve and accelerate the process through which the Organization obtained staff or trained units and equipment from Member States for new or expanded peacekeeping operations.", "4.The Nordic countries are ready to cooperate with the Secretariat, to the extent that its resources permit, to find additional staff for specific peacekeeping tasks that can be made available to the United Nations on an interim basis.", "5.The Nordic countries welcomed the establishment of a situation room for operations in Somalia and the former Yugoslavia and commended the Secretary-General for his intention to take steps to establish an integrated situation room covering global peacekeeping operations.What is now needed is to significantly strengthen the capacity of the United Nations Secretariat in the operational management, command and control of ongoing operations.", "6.The Nordic countries also considered the establishment of a military planning cell in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to be an essential and timely step in strengthening the capacity of the Secretariat.", "7.However, the Nordic countries suggest that, in addition to the measures already initiated, the following proposals should be considered for implementation in the near future:", "Organization and effectiveness", "8.The arrangements for training military, civilian and police personnel in peacekeeping operations should be reviewed and improved, using the relevant resources of Member States, regional organizations and arrangements, non-governmental organizations and the Secretariat.In particular, consideration should be given to establishing a training programme for essential personnel in peacekeeping operations with a view to creating a pool of trained personnel who are aware of the United Nations system and its working procedures.The Nordic countries are ready to explore ways and means to enhance their cooperation with the United Nations and its Member States in this area.", "9.The essential personnel of a peacekeeping operation should be involved in the planning process from the early stages.One of the guiding principles of this process should be that, to the extent possible, the persons to be engaged in a peacekeeping operation should also participate in its planning.This will require greater efforts by the Secretariat to select, in the early stages, in cooperation with Member States, potential essential personnel, such as force commanders and chief administrative officers, for future peacekeeping operations.", "10.In order to facilitate communications and cooperation among all parties, Member States should be provided, as appropriate, with descriptions of the areas of responsibility of the various experts and advisers, as well as of the established administrative officers, of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "Financing", "11.The serious financial situation with regard to United Nations peacekeeping operations was one of the greatest concerns of the Nordic countries.Action should be taken, taking into account the useful proposals contained in the Volcker- Ogata report (A / 48 / 460, annex), to ensure adequate financing of peacekeeping operations, on the basis of the principle of collective responsibility and full and timely payment of assessed contributions.In that regard, the Nordic countries stressed the importance of the payment without delay of the amounts owed to troop-contributing countries.", "12.While welcoming the establishment of the Peacekeeping Reserve Fund, the Nordic countries stressed the need for further discussion on how to achieve adequate funding for the initial phase of peacekeeping operations.", "13.The Nordic countries suggest that steps be taken to ensure that greater financial and administrative authority can be delegated to the force commander or the special representative of a mission composed of various components as a means of improving the mission's performance and achieving greater cost-efficiency.To that end, the Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations, as well as administrative procedures for peacekeeping operations, needed to be revised to enhance the capacity of missions to adapt flexibly to new situations and specific needs.However, such measures should be accompanied by efforts to provide adequate training to administrative staff in the field and to strengthen internal control procedures.", "Agreements and guidelines", "14.The conclusion of status-of-forces agreements is essential for the creation of a well-defined working relationship between the United Nations and the host country of a peacekeeping operation.The Secretariat & apos; s efforts to finalize those agreements should therefore be increased, preferably before the deployment of a peacekeeping force.", "15.The Nordic countries also wished to stress the critical importance of the model agreement between the United Nations and Member States contributing personnel and equipment to peacekeeping operations, especially in view of the fact that those operations were becoming increasingly complex.The Secretariat is urged to conclude such agreements with troop-contributing Member States.", "TAILAND", "[Original: English]", "[21 July 1993]", "I.ON GENERAL PRINCIPLES", "1.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand agrees with the Secretary-General & apos; s observation that the cornerstone of the work of the United Nations is and must remain the State.Respect for the sovereignty and integrity of States is therefore essential in any common international and United Nations endeavour.", "2.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand is following with great interest the development of United Nations peace-keeping activities.As peace-keeping activities pose significant new risks, the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand believes that the advantages and disadvantages of each United Nations peace-keeping activities should be fully considered.In some situations, such activities may be counterproductive, especially when the consent of all parties to the conflict has not been obtained.", "3.The Secretary-General & apos; s suggestion that United Nations peacekeepers be sent to \"areas of instability and potential crisis\" should also be considered more closely to prevent hostilities.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand considers it essential that there be greater clarity as to the scope and circumstances in which this could occur.", "II.ON THE CAPACITY OF THE SECRETARIAT", "4.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand welcomes the recent expansion of the Office of the Military Adviser.It also fully supported the suggestion that the Field Division should be integrated into the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "III.ON PLANNING", "5.The need for improved planning procedures is generally recognized.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand believes that force commanders should be appointed as soon as possible to participate directly in preliminary planning, so that advice on the composition and needs of the forces can be provided in the early stages to ensure adequate preparation of troop-contributing countries.In addition, procurement and logistics procedures should also be improved.", "IV.ON MANDO AND CONTROL", "6.The rapid expansion of peacekeeping has created an urgent need for a fully functional situation room / operations centre at United Nations Headquarters.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand shares the view that, as a minimum requirement, the centre should be the only focal point for communications and information on peacekeeping operations.In the long term, it can serve to integrate the operational, logistical, planning and intelligence requirements of such operations.", "V.ON CAPACITATION", "7.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand believes that much of the success of all peacekeeping activities depends on the availability of well-trained personnel.It is clear that training should be based on agreed operational standards and concepts.In that regard, he found it an excellent idea to prepare a comprehensive United Nations manual on logistics policies and procedures.In addition, the feasibility of establishing regional training centres should be seriously considered, as the exchange of experience at the regional level could enhance the capacity and readiness of Member States to contribute to peacekeeping operations.", "VI.ON FINANCE", "8.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand has long been seriously concerned about the precarious situation with regard to the financing of peacekeeping operations.It was firmly convinced that United Nations peacekeeping was so essential to global peacekeeping that it could not be dependent on whether or not financial and budgetary constraints existed.In his view, the solution to this arduous problem remains in the interest of Member States to pay their assessed contributions in full and on time.However, other bold and innovative methods suggested by the Secretary-General in \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277-S / 24111) should be seriously studied.", "VII.ON STAFF SECURITY", "9.As a troop-contributing country, Thailand is seriously concerned about the increasing number of victims among peacekeeping and other personnel.The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand is confident that the measures recommended by the General Assembly in its resolution 47 / 72 of 14 December 1992 will be implemented in a timely manner.", "UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND", "[Original: English]", "[20 July 1993]", "1.In response to the statement of the Security Council of 28 May 1993 (S / 25859) on follow-up to \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277- S / 24111), the Secretary-General of the United Nations requested Member States to identify to him those aspects of United Nations peacekeeping operations that needed to be strengthened and to convey ideas to him about the positive steps that could be taken in this regard.", "General", "2.The Security Council and the United Nations Secretariat would have to carefully analyse the situation on the ground before agreeing to initiate a United Nations peacekeeping operation.Such operations require clear and realistic objectives that would lead to the solution of an ongoing political process and a precise mandate, as well as the consent of the parties and the security of the necessary resources.In addition, the United Nations and the Security Council should provide that what regional organizations or Member States may wish to do is to transfer to the United Nations their own operations with which they have failed to find the solution sought and to consider the desirability of the United Nations intervening in such cases.The United Nations also needs to critically review existing mandates in order to determine what kind of momentum should be given to them to lead them to their ultimate goal.", "3.The British Government welcomes the considerable efforts made by the Secretary-General to strengthen and enhance the capacity of the United Nations to project and conduct peacekeeping operations.Useful initiatives have been taken, including the strengthening of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, the establishment of a 24-hour situation room and the start of a reserve unit planning project.The United Kingdom welcomes the proposals to integrate the Field Division into the Department of Peacekeeping Operations.", "Command, control and planning", "4.It is necessary to define more clearly the relations between command and control.It is essential that there be unity of command at the highest levels.It is unlikely that this unit of command can be achieved until a single department at United Nations Headquarters is responsible for all aspects of a peacekeeping operation.", "5.The force commander should continue to exercise the command function itself (i.e. the authority to assign force troops to different tasks and to reassign them as necessary).United Nations Headquarters should be responsible for providing guidance to commanders and for providing essential political-military liaison, focusing rather on strategic aspects, rather than on the details of operational planning; capacity in that area needed to be improved.", "6.The ability to respond flexibly to the dynamics of a situation, which is necessary to meet the requirements of a peacekeeping operation, is the product of three main factors: capacity, expertise and experience.Efforts must also be made to save not only costs but also to ensure that there is a capacity to remount and ensure that scarce resources are managed with caution.The United Kingdom believes that the best way to apply these four principles to the Secretariat would be to provide an expanded staffing of planning and operations: an overall staffing of peacekeeping.These men and women, both civilian and military, some of whom could be seconded personnel from different countries, would be in line with an agreed professional doctrine and could perform the necessary core functions of the United Nations strategic planning chain, mainly at United Nations Headquarters in New York, but also in the field.They would expand the existing planning and operations unit, which is in an embryonic state, and would obtain the capacity, expertise and experience necessary to be able to function effectively.Such staff should perform their work in accordance with established standards and have clearly defined implementation objectives.Further details on the tasks of planning and operations staff are contained in the annex.", "7.Planning and operations staff should provide the United Nations with a \"nervous system\" for which the current staff of the Organization are neither structured nor resourced.It would not perform command functions, but would be responsible for the initial development of an operational plan until the Force Commander and his staff were appointed.It is important that the force commander be linked to planning from the beginning.Planning and operations staff could also be sent to individual operations as senior staff officers of United Nations commanders.However, a balance would need to be struck between needs in the field and needs at Headquarters in New York.Care should be taken not to dilute the core of expertise to the extent that it was ineffective.In preparing an operational plan, due attention is needed to potential costs, to ensure that costs do not exceed the level required for the effective performance of tasks.", "8.It is also necessary to consider the best means of attracting staff who are used to working together to form the core of an operations centre when a new mission is deployed.States could be requested to designate staff members who could be convened by the United Nations to replace certain peacekeepers at the operations centre, to whom they could be sent to a new mission.The United Kingdom suggests that the core of Professional staff in field operations centres should come mainly from affected States or major nations.Sometimes a regional organization could provide that core.At best, staff members in posts should have received training in United Nations Headquarters procedures and be used to working in a multinational environment.The interrelationship of such trained personnel with the planning and operations staff deployed in the field, which will provide continuity and expertise, will help to overcome the inherent disadvantages encountered when a multinational operations centre is established in the area of a given mission.", "Communications and information", "9.The United Nations must provide force commanders with a detailed political analysis, based on accurate and up-to-date data, of the situation on the ground.The best people in the work of obtaining such data are experts, who often use specialized equipment.For the United Nations, the cost of developing a viable military information-gathering capacity internally would be prohibitive.The United Nations should therefore seek to make greater use of the capacities already existing from different nations or multinational organizations.In addition, force commanders must be able to develop the capacity to analyse military information.", "10.The United Nations needs to create a system-wide communications network to make strategic communications efficient and cost-effective.A working group on communications could identify how best to ensure that all United Nations entities (including agencies) involved in operations can communicate effectively with each other.The key is to ensure common standards and compatibility.", "11.The United Nations could consider coordinating mapping and the availability of maps for operations, as well as the appointment of a Cartographic Adviser to be part of the military component.", "Mine clearance", "12.The United Kingdom welcomes the appointment by the Secretariat of an expert on mine-clearing.It is essential that this task be coordinated with all the agencies concerned.", "Standard operational standards and doctrines for peacekeeping", "13.The fact that United Nations peacekeeping forces were from many Member States was one of the greatest advantages, since it meant that United Nations peacekeeping missions could be seen as a manifestation of the concern of the entire international community and not as a means of promoting more limited national or regional interests.However, such a political advantage can create military difficulties, by trying to work together, often for the first time, forces from different nations with different levels of technical knowledge, which are governed by different operational standards.", "14.The experience of the United Kingdom as a member of a multinational partnership leads us to express the strong view that the publication of a United Nations tactical doctrine, on the basis of which uniform operational standards could be developed, would facilitate the integration of a United Nations force.The United Nations may wish to build on existing uniform operational standards that are relevant, such as those established by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) for a multinational environment.", "15.Once developed, such uniform doctrine and operational standards should be more widely disseminated to Member States, after being adapted to take into account ongoing operations.Troop-contributing nations should be fully aware of these standards and in a position to implement them before deployment.", "Training", "16.Training should continue at the national level, but be structured to meet United Nations standards for troops and units.The potential for higher schools for staff worldwide to benefit from a common set of knowledge should be considered in providing training to their senior officers.States with experience should be prepared to send staff to participate in the work of other higher schools for staff and assist them in developing their own training programmes.", "17.The United Nations could also consider the possibility of countries with peacekeeping experience deploying reduced short-term training teams to train units of the least experienced nations.Such training could be organized at the regional level and would be particularly valuable for the contingents to be assigned to the same area of a given mission.", "18.A smaller team of United Nations training staff may be able to train staff designated in advance to perform essential posts in local operations centres.Much of this training could be provided through distance learning techniques, perhaps by using higher schools for staff at the national or regional level.", "Political-military interface and cooperation with other agencies", "19.It was important to promote understanding among the military and civilians, both in terms of peacekeeping operations and relations with humanitarian and other concerned agencies.", "United Nations military and civilian observers", "20.The United Nations is facing a shortage of military observers.The establishment of a core of United Nations civilian observers, which could be persons with diplomatic or former military experience who wished to serve the United Nations, could also be considered; such civilian observers would have functions similar to those of United Nations military observers and could provide additional analytical capacity to strengthen the work of United Nations civilian advisers.The objective could be to deploy joint United Nations military and civilian observer teams, which, by combining their tasks, could contribute to the creation of links and their work in establishing peace, which they would carry out under a common doctrine in support of the force commander.", "Logistics", "21.The United Kingdom recognizes the need to increase the logistical capacity of the United Nations.A first step could be the development of uniform operational standards for all areas of logistical support, including finance.The United Kingdom welcomes and fully supports the Canadian-led project to establish uniform operational standards.It was hoped that the results would be applied to the entire range of peacekeeping operations.", "22.The development and implementation of a standard logistics doctrine and operational standards will need to be complemented by the provision of training to troop-contributing countries.A Member State with the necessary expertise could take the lead and develop a training package.", "23.Where the situation on the ground allows and is economically beneficial, civilian contractors could be used through international bidding.However, it is clear that global logistical activities, including those relating to civilian personnel, should be coordinated.", "24.There is a undeniable need to coordinate the movements of the troops and both the evacuation of casualties in the theatre of operations and the medical evacuations outside the theatre.", "25.In view of the pressures on United Nations international staff in the interim period, the United Nations could use more local staff before a general approach to staff matters, which would reduce the lack of staff through short-term local contracts.These staff could be experts in logistics, administration, accounting, etc.", "Public information", "26.The United Nations needs a more active approach to public information policy on peacekeeping operations.More media-related staff should be recruited, as each operation was under intense pressure.There is a need to train staff at Headquarters and the mission to deal with the media, to present convincing arguments about a particular operation and to comment on it as it develops.Such information can no longer be monitored by the United Nations only from New York.A more systematic flow of information between the United Nations and troop-contributing countries would be desirable.The United Nations could seek to recruit specialists (or, indeed, former journalists) at the local level as mission support staff.", "27.The country to which a mission is sent must be clearly explained in advance to the country in which it is mandated and the objectives of the mission.It is therefore clear that there is a need for an important source of information from the time a technical reconnaissance mission is sent to explore how best to describe the mandate and operation itself to the country to which the mission is sent and to the local parties.", "Field administration and financing", "28.The United Nations needs to establish a highly professional and trained body of Chief Administrative Officers to meet the multiple needs of ongoing operations and to report to the Department of Peacekeeping Operations in New York through the head of the mission, in compliance with the principle of unity of command.States could assist in training activities to ensure that best methods are used and that there is mutual understanding and spit of corps.At times, staff in large-scale ongoing missions could be responsible for conducting some of the training activities for future operations in theatre.", "29.Procedures for the recruitment of short-term civilian personnel under certain conditions should be expedited.Contractors that regularly provide the United Nations with skilled labour should be provided with information material kits and encouraged to prepare their own training courses.", "30.The United Kingdom is convinced that any operation should be given a higher degree of financial authority delegated to the Chief Administrative Officers.This should be done at the same time by establishing a system of periodic inspections to determine whether resources are used in an appropriate manner.Military audit procedures are of no doubt relevant to peacekeeping operations.", "Equipment, costs and financing", "31.The United Kingdom agrees that there may be operational advantages in the creation of limited revolving reserves, possibly from unutilized resources in ongoing operations, to ensure that immediate emergency deployment requirements can be met.In addition, the United Kingdom is aware that there would be costs for storage, maintenance and rotation and losses caused by the disuse.The financial implications that this could have should be studied in depth before this issue is further discussed.", "32.The possibility of more use of the United Nations / business / country contracts for items that are often used should also be considered.Costs and stocks should be negotiated in advance.", "33.The United Nations should consider applying a uniform agreement for the lease of advanced military equipment to all troop-contributing countries, rather than using a depreciation formula.", "34.It might be desirable to explore the possibility for States with appropriate and well-established military equipment to pay in kind up to a certain percentage of their assessed contributions, subject to inspection and verification and following agreements on the costs of specific items and on a set of maintenance services.", "35.Before adopting a particular resolution, the United Nations should submit as full an estimate of potential costs as possible, preferably 48 hours in advance, so that all Member States can review the financial implications before the voting takes place.", "36.The United Kingdom agreed in principle that the United Nations Secretariat, as of the time of adoption of a resolution, should send a notification of assessments of 20 per cent of the estimated costs to meet the immediate requirements for deployment.To do so, the estimate of potential costs would have to be available long before.In addition, it might be useful for these potential costs to be discussed in advance with, for example, the 15 major contributing countries.The Secretary-General should be authorized, depending on the replies received, to use the peacekeeping reserve fund to cover the initial costs.", "37.However, this is only a short-term solution.In the long term, there was nothing that could replace the timely and full payment of assessed contributions by Member States.Member States, particularly those who are recalcitrant debtors, should continue to be urged at all times to be better payers.", "38.To improve the effectiveness of the United Nations, proposals for peacekeeping operations that in themselves result in increased costs should be financed from savings achieved through a new allocation of priorities in the regular budget or from a peacekeeping budget, as appropriate.", "Reserve units", "39.The United Kingdom welcomes the start of the reserve unit planning project.In order for peacekeeping forces to be deployed quickly and equipped with appropriate equipment for the task in question, it is essential that the Secretary-General be provided with accurate information on the forces that Member States are willing to provide.The verification process is important.It would be appropriate to carry out annual inspections of a certain percentage of the units declared and to update the data.The United Nations could also follow NATO's practice of sending teams to collect information from States on a systematic basis (as is done with the NATO defence planning questionnaire).The United Kingdom welcomes the planned visit to NATO.", "40.The United Kingdom has armed forces made up of full-time professionals, who are fulfilling very diverse commitments worldwide.Because of the nature of these commitments, it is impossible for the United Kingdom to allocate forces to the exclusive service of the United Nations.It would not be possible to ensure the availability of such forces.However, the United Kingdom was prepared to consider further requests for the allocation of forces to United Nations peacekeeping operations, considering each case separately and taking into account the resources already allocated to other locations.", "41.The United Kingdom will therefore cooperate fully with the reserve unit planning group, which will be required to visit the United Kingdom in the near future, explaining its various relevant command and operational capabilities, although requests for deployment would need to be considered on a case-by-case basis.", "42.The countries contributing forces in the initial phase would like to ensure that the commitment to deploy their troops at that initial stage was matched by another commitment by the United Nations to agree on a firm date for the completion of that initial commitment.It might be appropriate to further analyse the approach that countries with well-trained and equipped available troops should provide the first troops of a particular peacekeeping force, so as to allow other countries time to train and equip their own forces until they reach the required level.", "43.The group could also consider the issue of logistical support that Member States could make available to the United Nations, including strategic transfers.", "United Nations civilian police", "44.United Nations civilian police play a key role in United Nations operations.But the various police forces differ greatly in terms of training received and the methods used.The United Nations could consider a reserve planning exercise to also analyse the availability, types and training of civilian police to assess what type of police force is most appropriate for a particular mission.", "Role of regional organizations", "45.The United Kingdom supports a greater role for regional organizations in peacemaking, and possibly in peacekeeping.These organizations are fully aware of local conditions and can provide expert information on the background of a particular conflict.", "46.The possibility of strengthening and fostering links with appropriate regional organizations could therefore be considered.", "47.Regional organizations could also be used to help train staff for peacekeeping operations and perhaps for multinational activities.", "48.The United Kingdom supports the idea of job sharing and of regional organizations playing a greater role in their own areas of competence, in particular in the area of peacekeeping, while recognizing that the United Nations has primacy in any situation relating to international peace and security.", "ANNEX", "Some of the functions of planning staff", "and operations", "(a) To prepare information to advise the Secretary-General on all aspects of United Nations peace operations.", "(b) Develop comprehensive contingency plans and maintain a database on reserve units.", "(c) To make proposals on the need for forces, command, verification and communications, logistics, rules of engagement and training requirements and standards.", "(d) To liaise with countries and regional and other organizations, in particular in the areas covered by subparagraphs (b) and (c) above.", "(e) Support the Special Representative & apos; s reconnaissance missions and prepare military assessments.", "(f) To verify the implementation of the standards established by the Security Council for United Nations operations.", "(g) Provide support services 24 hours a day to ongoing operations.", "(h) To prepare post-operations reports for the Security Council.", "YUGOSLAVIA", "[Original: English]", "[26 August 1993]", "The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia supports the initiative and the attempt to define criteria and foundations for international relations and the role of the United Nations in the new conditions that have been established after the end of the cold war, especially in view of the Secretary-General's insistence on seeking to resolve all problems and conflicts by peaceful means.", "Since all recognize and accept the primary role and importance of the United Nations in all future processes aimed at establishing safeguards and promoting world peace, it is quite understandable that the basic approach and guidance of \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277-S / 24111) will generate widespread support among States Members of the United Nations, including the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia has made its own contribution to the preparation of the \"Programme,\" although the importance and scope of that contribution were often limited by United Nations sanctions; if there had not been such sanctions, that contribution would have been much wider and in accordance with Yugoslavia's wishes and possibilities.", "As one of the founding Member States of the United Nations, which participated in many peace missions under the auspices of the world Organization throughout its history, Yugoslavia has been one of the strongest promoters of the basic principles embodied in the Charter of the United Nations, such as peace, peaceful cooperation, confidence-building and the promotion of relations among States and respect for human rights, for overall prosperity.", "The new nature of international relations in the post-cold-war period, characterized by a desire for cooperation and not confrontation, undoubtedly requires the relevant structural and conceptual adjustments at the United Nations, in order to obtain more effective and appropriate responses to the challenges of the future.At the same time, Member States themselves, and among them the largest, most powerful and developed, must also adapt their own policies and positions.They should do so always in the light of the basic principles of the Charter of the United Nations, as a cornerstone that underpins all future activities of the Organization.That is because the United Nations has the most sacred of the missions, namely, the preservation of world peace and security, and it assumes the primary responsibility for the effective, impartial and just discharge of this role, in accordance with international law.The transformation of international institutions, and the United Nations in particular, to adapt to the new conditions will therefore be done through multilateral cooperation modalities and with the participation of all its Member States on an equal footing.The United Nations General Assembly is undoubtedly the most appropriate forum for all these activities.", "From a political point of view, it would be unrealistic not to take into account the ascending and powerful nature of the world's great Powers and their influence on the formulation of the new system of international relations.Therefore, in future activities related to the establishment of the system initiated with the \"Programme,\" a high degree of responsibility should be shown in the approach of all relevant factors, and of those countries in particular.If it were to move towards the promotion of the interests of some countries or groups of countries, at the expense of the interests of others, the basic intentions proclaimed in the \"Programme\" would be annulled.", "The future decisions of the Security Council on the crisis in the former Yugoslavia are eloquent evidence that the issues addressed in the \"Programme\" deserve to be addressed urgently and addressed without prejudice or bias; this, unfortunately, has not happened in the case of Yugoslavia.", "In the wake of the Yugoslav crisis, the United Nations established a peace protection force (UNPROFOR) with the specific task of protecting the population until a lasting political solution is achieved.In the field, UNPROFOR established effective cooperation with the European Community Observation Mission.The mandate of UNPROFOR was gradually extended, both in terms of the territory covered (in addition to the United Nations protected areas, it included the former Bosnia and Herzegovina, Prevlaka and Macedonia), and the tasks entrusted to it, which have led to peace operations in the territory of the former Yugoslavia currently represent the most important, complex and burdensome peace operation in the history of the United Nations.During its mission, resolutions authorizing the use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter were adopted to ensure the delivery of humanitarian assistance and the establishment of safe havens in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.Close cooperation has been established between the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the implementation of the Security Council decisions on the no-flight zone in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "The Security Council, without having properly assessed the situation, adopted resolutions imposing unfair and partial sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.These sanctions, because of their severe and comprehensive nature, are unprecedented in the history of the United Nations and punish an entire people.Resolution 820 (1993), which isolates the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from the outside world and which - the insult is added to the injury - was particularly absurd because Bosnian Serbs, citizens of another United Nations-recognized State, had refused to accept the Vance- Owen plan for the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.The adoption of this resolution at that time was a manifestation of hypocrisy, as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had supported the Vance- Owen plan as a framework for the search for a just and lasting peace acceptable to the three participants in the civil war in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.The \"unacceptable lightness\" of the international community in the crisis in the former Yugoslavia has been confirmed by the events: the Vance- Owen plan has been virtually abandoned; however, the sanctions imposed against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia have not only not been lifted, but the emphasis on its strict implementation continues to be placed.Incoherence, and even arbitrariness, expressed in the face of the purposes and principles of the Charter, do not contribute at all to strengthening world peace and security, let alone to the adoption and strengthening of \"An Agenda for Peace.\"", "Against this background, the experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia & apos; s cooperation with the United Nations in resolving the crisis in the territory of the former Federal Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia is extremely valuable for the future work of the United Nations in the area of peacekeeping, the financing of the operation and the recruitment of personnel, but also an example of a dangerous precedent set on behalf and under the authority of the world Organization.", "In this context, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia feels obliged to make a number of comments on some unacceptable trends in international relations, which were particularly evident in the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis.From the continued commitment of Yugoslavia to the cause of peace and the basic principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law, as well as the experience gained in the resolution of the crisis in the former Yugoslavia, some positions on \"An Agenda for Peace\" are presented below.", "The importance and place of the United Nations in the establishment, safeguarding and promotion of global peace and security are irreplaceable.The United Nations is and must remain the main effective and impartial centre of all efforts to establish, safeguard and protect peace and security in the world.", "The Security Council is the principal executive organ of the United Nations, and the first responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security.This role of the Security Council was very evident during the process of resolving the Yugoslav crisis.Unfortunately, some new and negative trends have also become important.", "During the adoption of the relevant decisions of the Security Council, especially those concerning the war in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina, there was a high degree of convergence, especially among the permanent members of the Security Council; as a result, the decisions were adopted unanimously, in contrast to the cold war period, a practice that in itself is not at all negative.This is, of course, a new and important feature and a sign of the consolidation of the role of the Security Council.That trend, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is convinced that it will share the views of many other countries in this regard, is commendable only if the unanimity of the Security Council does not reflect the absolute supremacy and arbitrariness of some of its permanent members, which other countries tacitly approve, or at least do not openly disapprove, aware of their inability, in a given relationship of forces, to exercise decisive influence and thus modify or even prevent the adoption of certain decisions.", "In view of the above, and without prejudice to the importance of the Security Council and the universality of interests and the need to establish a lasting and stable peace, the process initiated under the \"Programme\" must be involving all stakeholders, that is, all members of the United Nations, in planning for future solutions.The most appropriate form of such participation is through its activities in the General Assembly, and at the same time the role of this central body of the Organization needs to be significantly strengthened.", "As a State that has contributed significantly to the formulation of the role of United Nations peacekeeping forces and other United Nations activities, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia understands the importance of peacekeeping operations and their need for regular funding.", "The experience of all United Nations peacekeeping missions, and particularly those acquired in civil wars, as in the case of the former Bosnia and Herzegovina and Somalia, have shown that the priority functions of these missions include the provision of humanitarian assistance.The specific problem is to ensure the protection of United Nations forces.Given the complexity of these issues, an effective solution to the problem should be sought, ensuring a smooth administration of United Nations activities, especially when force is required, on the basis of strict observance of the principles of the Charter and relevant provisions of international law, as well as careful analysis and an elaborate approach that takes into account all relevant elements and specificities of the State and the region concerned.The United Nations should therefore only intervene in the affairs of a country if it was agreed by the country concerned.Above all, because the mandate of the United Nations is increasingly extended to issues that traditionally fall within the competence of States themselves, and solutions are increasingly sought through agreements providing for the use of force, either by the United Nations or through military assistance sought outside the United Nations system, an option for the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to object categorically.", "A previous international order, the removal of the basic principles of the Charter and international law, or even its flagrant violation, the application of a \"double standard,\" a deplorable practice used in the Yugoslav crisis, particularly evident in the international recognition of the forced secession of the administrative parts of the former Federal Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia, and the refusal to recognize the legitimacy of the international continuity of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, as well as in the establishment of unjust, partial and almost racist sanctions against the whole nation, are factors that are not only dangerous and leading to the tension of chaos, but also a source of constant peace and security, without doubt.The example of Yugoslavia provides many evidence in this regard.", "These elements are confirmed by the increasing and dangerous attempts to involve regional organizations outside the territories of their Member States (EC, NATO, Western European Union (WEU), Organization of the Islamic Conference, under the pretext of seeking their cooperation with the United Nations in the maintenance of peace and security.The obvious reason for this attitude is to meet, in this way, particular objectives and interests of a political, strategic or other kind.It is particularly unacceptable that efforts be made to use the United Nations as a screen for the achievement of particular and fundamentally expansionary objectives.The United Nations has a moral obligation to oppose such attempts.They also need to be given serious consideration in their discussions on the preparation of the \"Programme,\" to ensure that the Organization takes a new place and role in the maintenance of peace and security, and to promote progress and prosperity throughout the world.", "The experience gained in the Yugoslav crisis shows a trend that, if continued, could have a very serious impact on the future development of international relations.Specifically, the United Nations and its Security Council are today making much easier use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations.In doing so, they are increasingly deviating from, or interpreted in a very broad and sometimes even arbitrary manner, the basic principles of the Charter and the spirit of the rules of international law.The most obvious example is the decision to establish an International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia.It is obvious that a few countries had a decisive influence on the adoption of that decision, seeking to meet some of their specific interests by this way, and by misusing the authority of the United Nations.", "It is extremely dangerous for the Security Council to take its decisions in haste, on the basis of false and political accusations, as has unfortunately been the case many times in the context of the Yugoslav crisis.", "These precedents only in appearance consolidate the credibility and authority of the world Organization, do not foster confidence-building and do not constitute a model for the resolution of future conflicts.The unjust, partial and extremely severe sanctions imposed against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia are indicators of an unacceptable departure from the established principles of the Charter and the fundamental principles and norms of international law.", "A notable example of double standards and double standards has been the lack of awareness of the right of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to participate in the activities of the United Nations and other international bodies and organizations.This method of punishment of a State, which is a full Member of the United Nations, without any legal basis in the Charter or international law, is by no means the most appropriate way to resolve international problems and conflicts.It is particularly inappropriate in the case of a civil war such as that in the territory of the former Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in its international relations, attaches an absolute priority to the use of political means for the resolution of all conflicts and differences and, in that context, highly appreciates and appreciates the efforts of the Secretary-General to reach a peaceful resolution of some crises and conflicts.Therefore, in developing future United Nations activities under the \"Programme,\" special attention should be paid to the peaceful settlement of disputes and preventive diplomacy.In this regard, the importance of the International Court of Justice, whose role has been unjustly left aside, should be emphasized and its specialized and impartial councils should be sought and used more frequently in the future.", "The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is of the view that the measures of force and coercion provided for in Chapter VII of the Charter, in particular sanctions, should be used only as a last resort and once the international community has exhausted other means in the search for a peaceful solution.Coercive measures, and sanctions in particular, are not suitable for the resolution of an international conflict, especially a civil war, and have never, nor can they, replace peaceful and political means of solving problems and conflicts, in accordance with the Charter.If the international community were to choose, however, to impose coercive measures, that option should be based on the Charter of the United Nations and supported by the elements and explanations of the case.The procedure for adopting the above-mentioned decision and the decision itself must, without a doubt, arise from the fact that the situation before the Security Council justifies the adoption of the measures provided for in Chapter VII, and that the reasons for the Security Council's decision cannot be questioned.", "A comprehensive study of the measures taken against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under Chapter VII of the Charter, particularly the effects of the sanctions on Yugoslavia, as well as on the countries neighbouring Yugoslavia and other countries in the region, would indeed facilitate the consideration of the issues covered by the \"Programme.\"It would help to put all the negative experience of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the States bordering United Nations sanctions in the right perspective, and particularly the impact of such sanctions on the most vulnerable categories of the population, namely, infants, children, the elderly, and the sick.", "With a retrospective view of Yugoslavia & apos; s experience in the face of the international community & apos; s attempts to resolve the crisis, and especially the harmful consequences of United Nations sanctions, it is proposed that such sanctions be imposed very selectively and only as a last resort and have a limited duration.", "Given the serious consequences of sanctions on the overall socio-political life of the country that supports them and the countries indirectly affected by them, it is entirely relevant to call for particular attention to be given also to the establishment of mechanisms to provide financial and other assistance to countries that, without any fault, are adversely affected by the sanctions.", "The destructive and far-reaching negative consequences of current conflicts, especially civil and inter-ethnic wars - which have increased in recent years - indicate the need for future discussions to place particular emphasis on some of the issues covered by the \"Programme\" that are typical of the period following the cessation of conflict.In this context, in addition to the issues of economic recovery and reconstruction, humanitarian and human rights issues are of particular importance.", "In general, and bearing in mind the principle of justice, peace and security, as well as the problem of the relationship of forces at a given time, it is quite legitimate to ask whether, by their nature, sanctions should be mandatory or optional, that is, whether the decision to implement them should be made subject to the political will and assessment of Member States themselves.The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is a good example of the relevance of this approach.A significant number of countries consider sanctions against Yugoslavia to be too severe, unfair and partial, but they must implement them as a decision of the Security Council.", "The set of issues in the field of human rights and the guarantee of the continued application of the standards accepted by all must, of course, be the focus of the interest and activity of the United Nations.However, it is unacceptable, and absolutely unacceptable, that this sensitive issue should be invoked as a pretext for interference in the internal affairs of sovereign States, particularly in the event of intervention.The delicate and complex nature of the matter, and in particular the specific characteristics of each region and country, do not allow for arbitrariness and obstinacy.The responsibility of the United Nations in this regard is considerable.", "United Nations activities should not be subject to the exclusive interests of some of the countries involved in the activities or, guided by their particular interests, should aim to channel United Nations activities solely in the interests of the countries concerned.In considering the issues under the \"Programme,\" efforts should be made to establish a stable mechanism to ensure an objective and equal approach to the delivery of humanitarian assistance and to eliminate all bias towards States that are, as a rule, the main donors.It goes without saying that the continued implementation of the principles of the Charter and the relevant rules of international law should serve as a basis for any action undertaken under the auspices or through a United Nations mechanism.", "In this context, a unique reference point is the experience gained in the Yugoslav crisis, in particular in the civil, inter-ethnic and religious war in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.It is not necessary to clarify that civil wars constitute a threat to the fundamental human rights of all, regardless of their national origin.No one is innocent in a civil war.This must therefore be the starting point, in the delivery of humanitarian assistance and in the consideration of human rights threats in areas affected by fighting.The solution of punishing a single participant in a civil war cannot provide a good basis for a just and lasting solution.", "In that way, it is difficult to justify the punishment of a State that is not a party to a conflict, such as the sanctions imposed exclusively on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, on the unsubstantiated and absurd charge of having committed an aggression against the former Bosnia and Herzegovina.This is also evident for the main international factors, particularly those that initially requested and imposed their establishment.", "In accordance with the position of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in principle on the use of force and coercive measures, the sensitive nature of the issues related to the \"rapid intervention forces,\" to which the Secretary-General attaches great importance, is highlighted.These complex issues require careful analysis, to which all States Members of the United Nations must contribute, certainly those most directly interested in establishing a clear framework in this regard.", "In conclusion, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia once again announced its readiness to contribute fully to the development of \"An Agenda for Peace,\" as well as to the activities of the United Nations and other international organizations, in accordance with the principles and goals of the Charter of the United Nations and the basic principles and norms of international law.", "II.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS", "ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS OF SUDORIENTAL ASIA", "[Original: English]", "[26 July 1993]", "1.The United Nations is indispensable for the maintenance of international security and order.The Secretary-General's proposals for \"An Agenda for Peace\" (A / 47 / 277- S / 24111) represent a new analysis and an innovative approach aimed at strengthening the United Nations role in this area, as reflected in the Charter.As a reflection of the new global strategic conditions, the United Nations can now more effectively perform its functions in preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding, which represent a key component in conflict prevention and resolution.However, new conflicts and problems have emerged at the regional and subregional levels, which pose new demands on the Organization.", "2.In the Asia-Pacific region, the changing global strategic balance has already brought about adjustments in the policy of the superpowers and countries of the region.In view of the current uncertainty, ASEAN has been committed to establishing, together with the major countries of the Asia-Pacific region, a number of mechanisms for ongoing dialogue and consultation on security in the region, with a view to anticipating and resolving problems, before crises or conflicts arise.In this regard, ASEAN and the major Powers can complement some of the United Nations role in the area of regional conflict prevention and resolution in Asia and the Pacific.In South-East Asia, the United Nations action through the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) culminated in the peaceful and fruitful holding of general elections in the country in May 1993.ASEAN would like the United Nations to continue to play its role in the region in preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peacekeeping and post-conflict peace-building.It also believes that the cause of international peace and stability will be strengthened by economic dynamism and social development throughout the world.", "Preventive diplomacy", "3.ASEAN endorsed the Secretary-General & apos; s view on preventive diplomacy and, in particular, proposals to develop the concept of preventive diplomacy through such measures as confidence-building, fact-finding and early warning.It is essential to define and limit potential conflicts before they erupt.ASEAN can contribute to regional preventive diplomacy, in cooperation with the United Nations.The principle of preventive diplomacy and the peaceful settlement of disputes is reflected in the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in South-East Asia.", "4.ASEAN supports in principle the confidence-building measures defined by the Secretary-General.The Partnership itself can be seen as a finished manifestation of confidence-building at the regional level.She introduced in the region some general concepts of confidence-building, such as the zones of peace, freedom and neutrality and the nuclear-weapon-free zones in South-East Asia.The ASEAN Declaration on South China is another example of regional confidence-building measures.The Association has also supported the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms.", "5.ASEAN welcomes the adoption by consensus of General Assembly resolution 47 / 120 of 18 December 1992, which, inter alia, includes some important decisions on fact-finding.Having endorsed the Declaration on the Determination of the Facts by the United Nations in the Field of the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, adopted by the United Nations in its resolution 46 / 59 of 9 December 1991, ASEAN notes that fact-finding missions undertaken by the Secretary-General, the Security Council or the Assembly should comply with the guidelines adopted by the Assembly, in particular the requirement of prior consent of the States concerned.Article 99 of the Charter allows the Secretary-General to request the Security Council to consider and take action on any matter that may endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, and this rule can serve as an element of preventive diplomacy.", "6.ASEAN agrees with many of the Secretary-General's proposals on early warning, that is, measures to establish an effective early warning mechanism, and the important role that regional organizations can play in this regard.", "Peace-building", "7.ASEAN supports the Secretary-General's proposal to strengthen the role of the United Nations Security Council in the peaceful settlement of disputes, as set out in Chapter VI of the Charter.The Council must remain the main body responsible for maintaining international peace and security and for resolving the issues that have generated conflict.The General Assembly, as a universal body, should be used when necessary to prevent or curb situations that threaten international peace and security.This has been demonstrated by ASEAN experience in the question of Cambodia.It is also possible to appoint special representatives of the Secretary-General in specific regions or countries to promote United Nations knowledge and to anticipate potential sources of conflict.ASEAN also believes that in the event of a conflict, the establishment of peace can be facilitated by international measures to improve the circumstances that have contributed to that situation.The effectiveness of the International Court of Justice should be enhanced.", "8.ASEAN also believes that, in designing sanctions regimes, the Security Council must take humanitarian considerations into account.In this regard, the Council should initiate a study on the effectiveness of the various types of sanctions in order to achieve the desired objectives.", "9.ASEAN supports the Secretary-General in principle when he advocates the use of military force on a temporary basis, in the implementation of the measures decided by the United Nations, if peaceful means do not produce results.With a view to improving peacekeeping operations, the experience gained at UNTAC, both in the field and at United Nations Headquarters, and the possibility of establishing a United Nations peace-keeping force could be further studied.When the forces meet, flexibility will be needed, as some countries will have to face constitutional constraints and problems with public opinion.The main component of the peace-keeping units will come from countries that are willing to offer strength.", "Peacekeeping", "10.ASEAN generally supports the Secretary-General & apos; s proposals for peacekeeping in terms of financial and logistical aspects.However, the Association believes that the United Nations should ensure a better cost-effective relationship in its peacekeeping operations.It also calls upon all countries to pay their assessed contributions and contributions in full and on time.The proposed peacekeeping staff should be highly competent, experienced and trained to address the increasingly complex tasks of implementing and implementing United Nations mandates.The training of staff for peacekeeping operations will be based on the United Nations standards and concepts for operations.", "Peacebuilding", "11.ASEAN shares the Secretary-General's view that peacebuilding should be seen as the counterpart of preventive diplomacy.Peace-building, especially after conflict, covers not only the solution of the political problems of institutional development and infrastructure, but also non-military security threats, such as the economic and social causes of instability.", "Financing", "12.ASEAN recognizes that a sound and stable financial base is a prerequisite for the efficient and effective implementation of all United Nations programmes and activities.This is particularly true at a time when the Organization is facing increasing demands and difficulties, especially in the area of peacekeeping operations.The United Nations currently manages 14 peacekeeping operations in various regions of the world.This unprecedented increase in the number of United Nations peacekeeping operations since its inception is, of course, a strain on its scarce resources, as the payment of assessed contributions and contributions has not matched the cash requirements for each operation.This deplorable financial situation of the United Nations still persists, simply because of the number of Member States that do not fulfil their statutory obligations under the Charter, which requires them to pay their assessed contributions and contributions to the regular budget and peacekeeping operations in a timely manner.ASEAN therefore called on all Member States to pay their assessed contributions in full and on time.", "Conclusion", "13.ASEAN welcomes and commends many of the proposals made by the Secretary-General in his report \"An Agenda for Peace.\"The Asia-Pacific region was in the 1990s under favourable conditions, and its member countries enjoyed peace, both with each other and with those in other regions.The major changes at the international level following the end of the cold war have generated some uncertainty, but they have also provided a historic opportunity for international cooperation to strengthen the prospects for peace and prosperity in the world.The world community has an obligation to take steps to save future generations from the scourge of war.The Secretary-General's proposals in \"An Agenda for Peace\" are important steps towards international peace and stability.When the effectiveness of the United Nations in the maintenance of international peace and security is promoted, the urgent need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to peace, development and democracy cannot be overlooked.The time has come for the United Nations to take the reason that peace and prosperity are interlinked, and to take concrete action and programmes of action.", "SECRETARIAT OF THE COMMONWEALTH", "[For the full text, see S / 25996 / Add.2]", "-----", "[1]The replies are reproduced in the form in which they have been received.The dominations used in this publication do not imply, on the part of the United Nations Secretariat, any opinion on the legal status of any of the countries, territories or areas or of their authorities.", "[2]* On behalf of the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden." ]	"KLUv/aC/WwMAjE4F6nsDs1MgnhGpAy8XYG6vzdQtKwBkLdRutU/mPSvaQO3dwtfVRZOlJYns3sF3IqVItKWcVMgTkmTLj6wn8K8hFCEAj8hHVCPb7N6x2p1AESITARso5uZ/AzMLbwpGC+7l997mu0PmO13nk79mSfeozkBE1a3VWdLunJ162fHbC077K3s90KMaiAhErDLffIOI+kqXLOkS/8Son0FErzfLq6kHRLzyyteOcvwUtWUszRK7ald5p4xHb8YPWla2nvmk8z/VZmvEPHVf7XkqJX++1v/RXeXbPV+idzGoP8vsSntzxre6/JdYb5bgxVrqjHUTRH/8E1/P806WtmXLSP2WpvbN+bHdoU8qWvNZpqr71iv49bf2XGaZHXyJU//kfvA4BqV+qmm9oMyv6UerrNlXZvm/q7d35ssYlhvxChFr65p6tOad7eeXiKmV2lEvsZMz1fuivFNlpu2v9s0omb1E/RJldjBne/PLeEkQtUdTNONf0QmCt/7qJU75KdKz6cEk1joVidlACk5FunEAKdoeHoAGIt3oucmhGJT5PljzLq/2HsyPpb0e9pX8iqI5PwYff/ejH369pfWwf9I+/k+IaL/ruQ3+nWLJz7Ws71qyZL4zPsRPXl1/r6R1mXxvvh/VVYgo863SvnyfFPQhYnmnv3QZiR+8+LXnQ8Tuyfpe3QrRxkEbcyLtSXq0MUpinteZ1nxnSvxDpN9j8CbnA5IZ7+vJ7XJbK+3teNL7lUu7v+96uGNfonVd90ez/K9Ds6U0X6+1Utc58td8Bb/rybwrKPO2v7pZZu0z/4r05Pybpma6wUlBx/Il7npXL1G6tE+1pf6BV+at3W4aWvfNEkXTNNAmxMuN0WgTYgQSwmRDntRQB/G+4KtMJ50V6dGWUBLLV+WiHlBQQmshXpeiHk1QIr/EqrJU4giiRKZeVdYlDlkpbulxhemksmJygXmJMb1aRCTpRiFgGwAicqGBpIyu/iyw9/tuilPMBZJuRMKRbiRxsjq+c7+YSJvU+XRjbpOl3s3ZJASsFQEltBhOEVBDN8JwEMUZcBBFGd1oYnE5DRFzApNKCozEyZfTigmG5bTD5XRETEsRLi8qLKYiXFRCsNYSqDijGz+c9CSAlDb5dOU1X9W+STShdYcvEMGESoo1dKO2ydf4srh86VaI8l5L34WDjTQ58WWpWKUzpX75VjXEjZ/WcRHUxtz4bzvruoii8CHpRtFIk9i1G/EjpEkPafIpin7OQkULDCw+MLD40OhGknT6Ksn3rGMifrR4YITEAyOkNTj++URgkfN2kfMlEpFFywtdSINz8ml1rPM2LaHVgTckMRrCyRjduLWo7JAvLUOomHi8gGCcVELr8XJyGWIHjAnmdHKRLzxOLtKjgmKpyofIw/Uq56GEFgNOKSo6WFSmeDm5nFRgTDvkiwnmCTaISD06TT9SVNM5Ta7q+O0XIS/Frv8/FSpUxy/RvkSVfExdv0Ts/YvGFwTdRcJaNXAJ1MAlgKQbY4x0Y/ZJbYxn46D0+gO13/R5tX36Ob4zv4MFlp/aGJlZZP6pPVPrKtzyEjX1HHRPurb/vYdvyr6LCF5aYl7kSwvLCQovMCknHi+nFfnyEtPyEoWWazQFM3bcM7qxs0J1Vqgk3XiCFhiWk8oOlR9eUnS0qKzw2GGSLKcdJhOcWmAmUDHxkKYVlpOKy4lHi3w56fjh5RRjxAkmpgWG5dTRIU86YmBOJfDPsepiUFb/HuYKvO+M3BPfTh2RpLb08tDiWiG6zP/5zgtExA/Ku3LtXXk/ml+iyvH0nZIC+5dorUt7ac6f5X8/RKrplrnx2jr2bQQI1oIi9DuSePFCh0mHiktMES0kMJleTEHATjAqLjEpp5cVldMLS0uKlKfTyhA7Ti8vJs/LyolFRYcOk3xxiWmBObnIkw55coGBOe2QLyYe8sQiPZuHkyYJw2JiOcGwqJh2SJgY0xEqMUac5GeTJ5YiVFakaSWETfpTblhwpZImH6O+X10rtypartOKyeXEciriR8sKB+SwwgE5iHTji0mHCkvMFC8nFZYYnBYA2tCNaBCjG19OLC0qKSYWJXpQ8cLSogJjYnG1apSEIQJx4QjEuUIgzsWBuBAE4lwbiAs5EOfSQFy4gTjXB8S5ShznInGca8RxLhHHuUIc5wJxLo7jXBvHhRzHuTSOCzeOc5U2LvxwnIu0ca7RxoWkjXOJNi4cbZwrtHGhaONcoI0LQxvn4jbOtW1cyG2cS9u4cNs412fjQm3jXCWNCz8b5yJpnGukcSFJ41wijQtHGucKaVwo0jgXSOPCkMa5OI0LQRrn2jQu5DTOpWlc9tG4cNO4TNO4KkofLvxonIv04cLSh3ONPlxI+nAu0YcLRx/OFfpwoejDuUAfLgx9OBf34ULQh3NtHy7kPpxL+3Dh9uFcnw8Xah/OVSpt4efDuUilzTUqbSGptLlEpc0VKm0uUGlzcaXNtZW2kCttLq20uT6lzVUibeGntLlIpC0skTaXiLS5QqQtA5G2LETaquBIm2sjbSFH2lwaaXONuM0lGm2hiNtcodEWhrjNBRptIYjbXNxoCzluc22jLdy4zVUSbWFp21wk0eYSba6QaHOBRJuLE22uTbS5NNHm+og2Vym0hSVtc5FCW0jSNtcotIUjbXOJQlsWCm1hFaDQFoK0zbWFtnDTNpcW2kJN21wl0BaWPpuLBNpC0mdzjUBbOPpsLtBnc3GgLdtAW8h9tmz7bFWUuC0slbZwVNpCUWkLQ6Ut47gtBJW0jCtpVWzcFm6lLdRKW1gibeGItIUi0haGSFsIImmujbSFGklzlbQtLI22kDTawtFoy0LaFopGWhYaaVWAtC0EjbaQG23hNtJc2mgLPyPNVfpsYUm0hSTRFo5EWygSaa7QZwtDoi0EiTTXJtJCTqS5NJEWbiLN9RFpoSbSXKWQFn5EmosU0sJSSHONQlpICmkuUUgLRyHNFQppoSikuUAhLQyFNBcX0kJQSHNtIS3kQporK4W0TAtp2SekRYEE0sISSHONQFpIAmkuEUgLRyDNFQJpoQikuUAgzcWBtBAE0lwbSAs5kObSQFq4gTTXB6SFGkhzlTgt/IA0F4nTwhKnuUacFpI4zSXitHDEaa4Qp4UiTnOBOC0McZqL47QQxGmujdNcGqeFG6e5PpwWapzmKm1a+OE0F2nTwtKmhaRNc4k2LRxtmiu0aaFo01ygTQtDm+baNi3kNs2lbVr22bQllDbNRdK08LNprpGmuUSaFpI0zRXSNBdI01ycprk2TQtBmubSNM310bRw0zQX6aOFH01zjT5aWPpoLtFHC0kfzQX6aKHoo7m2jxaCPppL+2gh99Fcn48Wbh/NVSqF2kebglQKPx9tilEpLJVwRKWQVMIJlcJRCQdUCkUlHK4Uhko4WykElXC0UsiVcD6lcCvhlEihVsIhkcJPCUdECkkknBApHJFwQKRQRMLhSGGIhLORQhAJRyOFHAnnQwo3Ek5pFGokHNIo/JBwRqOwNMIRjULSCCc0CkcjHNAoFI1wuFEYGuFsoxA0wtFGITfC+YzCbYRTEoXaCGckCksiHJEoJIlwQqJwJMIBiUKRCIcThSERziYKQSIcTRRyIpyPKNxEOKVQqIlwSKHwI8IZhcJSCEcUCkkhnFAoHIVwQKFQFMLhQmEohLOFQlAIRwuFXAjnEwq3EE4JFGohHBIo/IRwRqCQBMIJgcIRCAcECkUgHA4UhkA4GyjTQCEIlHGgJXxA4QbCKXGhBsIhceEHhDPiwhKHI+JCEocT4sIRhwPiQhGHw3FhiMPZuBDE4WhcWNpwSFtI2nBGWzjacERbKNpwQlsY2nBAWwjacLgt5DacbQu3DUfbQm3D+WzhZ8MpaWFJwyFp2UgLR9oPkRaKNJwwpGUgbQmcFnIazqaFm4ajaaGm4YzCkRSgECSFFmpSfMKPFDVKwvhBPkpiLTgUQIgNECAGSTeaIA6yCzB8YaQb3bPhdru8U0Y6K7u+zqKZ9VPalxlm4Tvxb6yzR/3GYIplvfcsu1/uia/wifTsKP8ZRKSq66F4NqgRy4GSrc98I87k3/vifUG6wrTSbGvwTgdNNZveb+eTX+EbGcVDYhJrccAMPPiCEmJEulFDgo2GBBsi3ZjDgYjzJge0yd80lyVRWDc5OG8bFGW3yT/lL3FnNvivt/FTGOm59umK5SgolkksB2iTkaAN5StdUU9qG5Z+TZk+inN+vLO27iAKCjSJtZgAwhZcJKALMrqRBWEY4wAeGxjpxhzXxjPw+0w9mn2IqJ0zG+exo8W1jvw3OXQEEmtV/Xb2GUfJLEMZgbIZGyv7+KKyzHOD2fP/5zYfdveuaof8m5wTnY5lxlLpfE8SxXX4EMuRv2a5Zs/qNnusQ29P3Un1tbvm/3ZGGYFucl7ih2+NjSln/MssvxGvthf/ir5Iz0ukc+uX2Jn6c/0iM/0+7Cqs84x/N7TrrzX7JX6e39D7VRnFgfAh1gqBcCm4GICkG3sw4QBj3MDESPW7vepexncETsBu5NcXf7YdwFpHIlACF1hBRpJuTMENm4OHJiCxj7Ocb8ZCbZW8Fmd/WVeD/rNKlylp0iTmsY9pttQ1dlXWmXh7rI5LtLMzP1rS5FASi0ACkpAFFhAZ8pNuGlqpnfFf1RmZvXv4vT3lk7SMZq+2Y7Hc82u25Wtmz2iSJoJNIOwQEenGKLwAM4IXYGF0o8fvZG0wa0u9qh5j7NPpfyMtipKY519i5nlefaWj6a4ZYUANKDaIwYOkG8Ht/QzLQdfbJHM2SfspLJnhmy+u13vtLzB7U6+aW+esmhsl9WP9Tc+plEuveF8VxXZrSy+IXWvv5Lk9JdLMIAUPYOADLcS6sQdHphA7+QLWjR4honSZ+U+acpXXIKJHQ0G5NW9D3vC6cqyna1s9+yBiEDHL/FfTmrc7MInV6BzKNJnh7dn+lJ/P5yZHsxblaz77iEBCkEBCmGTm2lUtTzRRBP8SXr1HUM/GnvipU5Tr79a7+j0/z9t0ZXeWH9KKMIm1UJCHGylMVBBGNwrgClOMwQd5DKyqfvIY/Ox/Zp3CgHlOPl+Z6qmT/FIK4pXb5tQM6iV61uvNb0GaBZZwZAcMWCGjG6+Hgv3zaOpZNzk727jJ8b5+Ptk0q5cUszL1gIh5ftm399PztPfufLMMh/3pV4Mbu62fszL/dzRqxDyefr07KNpRn34b0vt6cvIS9cW++v51ZmVUVrO9enbX+ikbO+gT3+tl33151byoz1Pk9pUN/hHceGrzHULazzz7lNNeNWKtItABxTOBGBzpRpUroKGrw02RbvT2zG8/+wxE1CfSPbpn8ON3J0KyNn7P+hAq9u6Qtzr1hIiqzzc/9rrtSd66PSCixiZZ/9r9+TeNmsQ8+9bq+b2TjDPLwZO83dNCnJVS60Nk9n5ErOjOsmb/npGfkPyawth/TLlpJZNYi2VDggu3GunGTUQHkByhskJE1WsH36u5HurrZ9ep+xuFH4PUm3l8/3PVTxXOfpqkx6e/lUBEz8F6M61Pp6dsjelqy/so/0k1bZrEPK871eu89Lrpxfmj+qJkVl38Er/mJab480tkZRV++xK/vkTqXdVLtKof4tO7kknZGv9qtS+4+tmpmuaESazVhCKI2DygCUm6EQghSEFTAiKJtnvGq93ZpJlb6hlL/2h5gHl+75y9k3KZTUoxS9ts8b6pj0aAkljLY0KGCQrYgRndSIcGxEogI8RJrr6SWIiIupfaO/9/q55WUNa/2t97nPpZwc8/9SUUmMRObE5yfhnvZTz8Mt7jt/T6Dkt1Cj/9vm7P88/eCr7Gn0rdGhW2r0spMIm1jJzkAAs1qht68AQjaPe/4P081odYdcr1/oIbq2T9Ox+D9bWkWojoNkZ6PLf5zPLN+hnUzVikbWb/mMdPFU35jRodkAqxyoyuXMdLnF+p3vK1xg9m+eC+uIiV13RPW9/qxzciim6URCmFSKFNiBcbkrTJr5Py+N+kBdSItY5wBjG6MRYCI0AgQ8ZPFg4i+sx/vtTzOt/6Xl/6dpmp84+2UBLz/EvEOluaH/uume5tEJw1237eV2+vNe/pkJ4RGkpirc5WwQV6MICMbhQATs4V7vCEkZeYWduT2c7Uo5ZK/4r6PJvsS4SRHtETMI+mQrS0ymmv1FnnJU4rX+L3EitK9ANYCwkxcmyACgIQ6UYKVGAJGXjfkG68Huslza9dv1+p8/1kXu7M9J/Vh2j9avDWejH2/PqjLEmZUBLLXzV1+xUEvYO31LTSl+g0RW7vgr4ir32iiSLyJdatKV6VxFqaFGIwBBSYwujGEojRjZ473e6Kot9n/POnfNwinYIX4613StZ36qBPz/qd1rcnHXtybk21Rz3X+OmunqXyUdTDD65kZr2XiF/7p6LZpUtqpXumU1qcs+w2NkVl5t9X1Oq3BZFhEvNUf4k4y/kruG+G33F1FfbtHaeorJ3Ol/h9dO67aW5Fyc8Z4/cc/KjEW+dP3YidTZP3jMz0prCDK5mz7L2WGcUvUfuncpV9eSPqHyJGUawxZfmN6NH7ZT/tz31hpKeiLgazDH6v5X9UiB8oDJNYi8SClCKkkYQIGXdS79or472M2/tdFunJ1rH3cuebf986PT+4ab6rWSUxT9Y1m3r0y741zVmCPl1m+YdIPbMUbys7m6Zumnd+rKr+ySzrbBrPU/n1tVwNSmItHj0oghXdAbzoxhw0jsjAFtYM9acKlBlLZtbl51S2+6fPz7bXo+QVw/IzZys9e2eOnbX2Xb/HeH++czu+dCOiJNZyA0cCPDjRgCTdKIMjVNABGTkc6UaP52sz+dlR0mnO9OXh2L/Wet9im8zxlTF52L6n753uOd5Tfo/x9i5Ffe7ZfZsoiXlq9lMVrY+tjPYcuypT7OVbQZqxCmv7L7F620pNa8peT8azX71dKYrmfK1969Xx9l5ifok0Ref9pKteosU/P/lZ0z11zirrMp7M097UDX4KUUKDnyVI6xEkJchJ5eUlRseJiCtaBlhpAFbFD0i6kQBMqMAJZo4k3ejJ2b4ory99BVKPah8iplv1uV5WJr26ltnde4xVLlXXM0mPv/Sb3zrrgi6zC35Ptbxfpp+sJunJL7HbB4OI8ta3FLx3Wvch6mxvEbKepCdkBZOYx96I+T+Pfs2qvBisuyZbnzJFtef4f25Ltb2e9Qxj7yWmqor0pL5TJX58aX2Jn2e6klnjm0o9fbpB0LP6Q6zVsfOQnro9qrF3WPeTeP+HqYz3EmvqJWLqWEv71i0uQobAMIm1TKKKGELIghfdyJGhGz3WVTRjx/JR7tHqj6V/2OvPZ9FMV4/Bz9J+RdnPd0X1/VguI7OtovnykB4QCn5tKSpTx5+p9xIxSFMvcWb0Vjrt9VaO6ZT7aa1U0rtpOinSAzICa+nBBVyMwQY6GOlGNMR4AAspujBGN3rq1dJxSuL3XEY69mhKXpvnezez+RW1cmeZMyAi9vnzNyivVXnX3hfLuhlv7/Fl+SdtfiV9Blr1tcpfkSgOBlhr3m8ISDxldOMbxrADtQATmNGNOC7Lbyq0SQHDcZMDescFaw1RhA9UyMIORLpxCkNomcIQWsTQv/Pb/yrKMQtnGcx0JYKSmOevnU5TK6c7s+7KeislsRaFQwiwEETKkG4MAxhK0MIJlDG6MQeuFOW+jKlZZhlK/pWNEeSg3g26bcyZURtS2zNKYi2LgxcukgShjG5Mo8gZA7AABMroxhwubw0iunYdnv1b3UihuBUlsRwj0P4s88B7Pcc4WClDwHDoV4G1BtCiyUGIHmB0IxNdJNGEF1TZVVXHj0K5+uL4ycLyVhQUkZKY56vM9qdufL1hs11nq6K1Pgqlur7aRsZB//t8QRuDQdQaSmItNCzhBo6iAGV0owhCUAaEqEe6EcdNPbZvfdq/mfTNpSSGY/sJ1icv0qPldoGSWGulckTMQgVJuhEJNYzRhByYKKMbWTc5QUTWjRv3hwyzZBYi/nS7pf+0odumwyTm0Z/llLYzMxuzSq8vp8xY2p3hbVMxibXSCIPLDiEsEOlGOVhBCSsDOCJX6/XvSmZl9/90A5OY50a8QtSZplI7bzDTrLUQM3Bnn7frvMHAJNZ6DaFHFE/kwIxu/EIKEAQ/fIFGN3pqYJ7tBrDWCoWkG31ghfxeS5oKYJ7rEh0saShYqwUEI934CQIeUFsQAslvGupNklYDs7uz8hRJC2GtFjyAjG6MOdKNLSktSZx2aHGKMUIFRmWlhYc8rbS4wKioaADWsqE3IRACAWR0YwwwkAYMMJDGzpeVwj9lZVHVs6zXLEvfNLfWkTYDk5gnf/aavb6lOb/9jCnGmf5s42yk6cAk1gKBEViIgQozRLpRCV1AIUUXUBj5rr7fY9ZPr9e6rKgL3qDZb9BMUV+VKirSXCYxz03dsP/hf+ud+S8x2wy84GOKUW471G02zStFZe78FH/vRL73dtOItDaYxFoeWEMU86UBMrrxZgwfXnxBDkW60fG22/P27d3HboX407HN7H9qX+/zZdXTxPvt9rdUhZ96+2pPX+29pkJmRbFnb97T7pC2YhJrhQF0ocMRK8zwRTfe5OQXmOkEa/kgCh9gSfhAjG4sYwXECG1YGaNi9/JGSdZXzHq787V441tPfmW2afCMtPRO6zb2Mf1++n2JM18zu71r81MgAN/+mTP9UDyat74Yd1SuqYyHqYy383bPdny9EUFLOzn/ldEv8fNullSInlzxBIBIN3ZfeEAJvjhiyKPsaecMv3ezvHb/lHZnN/OVY1pPskY2ZZ+zd1Cv7LZfVeSuXj2rjvXe/lhFMb6aGkxiYnTjEi4wgRIO8IETv16+nku3rX7n52oamcQ8f3I79URuL2ecVxTjS3GeneyZbhoHTGKtE6yotCiwQEY3WuCMJ8DI4As1WxQb2YGI2bLupHMGEa2rUE7uPLGx8mqzx6XNPyXryshrP1+6uh+VPz0THUxiHo1iI0Xml/gSs4lygi/278QGTVHvRv6ac8e+xBfp+UpR9/sYlinzxR4RVwxpYTmtnOTJZYiWFymERcXk4nKCkacV6RLzIqXQgpECFDIv8jCkG2t4oMgJvGAC+xJ/0zwocZWZSXqsO7jz1Cs3OV9fr9yzke+UWZb5lb0purIh7cXaX7Mkxdde+5qCj7PMxlAjprWX99u3WUW5jYni8XiyzEtcyYAa5Tb+YaQH6ySIL1FGZ5p3dg/j/bJ007zEXFe065tvftR78qNxUSPWckLrQgKeE0S6sYsKRRZDAOKf6z/KhmJ/4Z++eitYH/avlsQ8U/6q5ncqf90gfk/JbOtP5Ut4V+dSSkms5YBPTcYGM3jRjTZITCqAaM7wV6vey/L28glf6SqcSpEeUhxKftOAO2f9m4SHkliLM9KNbmjDkG7c4YQsWlcFSUyhBBcIoxsjMAADkABHCLIqSEY/+3yIV7rEv1rtbL1mmjH+31mOWmrEPPaiwFuzz6zq1jvZnvbF+yV6pmlWPalXZN0X2zuaNWItCZyhGx9Qhm4EAczaGByw1hVEI90ohjqccQH6RbrxJkdjn2Hl60P0jGrrKMcXO8qz33p19p/5s3xdW7ppUPalR1XZ65ZZo9SIXSF6EufPs+Lq4Jeze6/zS9T2iSaKZJl/v0TPb8Qb8cb1KM1fd62Pt0TxSmrEWkmeAUgQQQfM6EYk7CTdmOOnCmf5uZJYjkwtBfNnnuuQKCggSmItMDRhAkwcQYKRbgTAI4GCG6qtZ/vftHQF5AO/qSnO6j/F3p+ki9352lxUfomz46gRy2Fftb2iqF7h+RTM33cmdhnvaIq9l2izelfWa40/pp4LfhlvZ5rO7fKxBt+z11rvVF+ZJIojUSPWyqmDBIzQAyuY0Y1TaEElxgpykIZuxOGB4ZA5Z1EJ1uoBhCeEUHoY6cYhSb4xKNEFGaxt31lZllWqsvZt/fyazvor6/OOQHpCJpPYD9G+fs8+/Jhu1q06RTPdMp055YlJzPO+NgYF1uJBAyK4OONIkW7ksVGQQwZspBudJUTMNo6le35NUdlNDkbtfB1/lZnXqlpZKj+JPT+oCpOYp/qXOd7Zv0SPfjc5NzkhDYMX//cguGnsdzL9ZDwqRPBf4q82iAomsRYT7mAFbQspSLrRyATAUNMFh8Q6S97/+XZFLwav/Y9DUhLzaPqptncw3tlOZZ/1xY5Tln7fleGO1NMGYL/CResHA4LQAiDcjG50gg89nOBDjyHdmOLSQoLTDulRIcFMPE4uPORpReW0Q55YYqRHxQOwlhEpSGEh4IgY3egjljcmoBiSZd40LzPQCfprvqbuStZsWMBaC9iBHHxYEQIyulEHqyniYAcdOKtu7VjF+pUNaXdSj5aAkphH031nXiJGAYFKNqT53FN6Aeqe2TOStPWwwlMiU8cpLFynFBaTCxFTtEBl4MAUbVBDkm60ghvCgIIkiFhWfq/S/XpOKS8s1rTuMl+rIrP3+VoeX5hk/Z7cnt2IWZ5SXvS/vLh8zf5paWfWej1Z3aNCHG1CTGKtGDOg0Y3cHGxghZwnzOhGD6tFavfJcq/4WT/rivSItguYxDxZZk+r9K6NYTHBtHRe4menlJf5RBNFUE4pLyk25IMX75N0m7JVijZYSayVBRCUcGIMWpjRjSsZoLwhiVEZ3Yg//zxCAxFBT3nQWZKVX4gY2iRgEnu9V6+ionLETQ7oMtnPGxHPGtpqeIj4oYYjjHSjD9YwhyFWcIb3cl8qSogIPtUnXj1jWjWm2wGbhq5utjFfUbtmv6b4T05kcpbDOlalKmjzoiTWCrGARIgFJMLoxhxXEEAIPFKsGz3eU/B7WQMj6/8EIuLVZ0nvaYiSmGfi9+ZLfKKJIjVPAvnUVd+M3VPb57YPlMRaPpTACQEogRPI6MYhaVSA5QA55HtX7l3VY/BxhvO0QcSv28bL7p1g7btuj/pjz79yrIrhwEc7TRCzFAXz1Dtv7Tp3rnYVraib91eUzBp1cr16qefgvp5+md+jN17N1N5NATViLTmIYaYBSUjDSDf2KOMOY1iAFIx041O7Nc1002yafE9ers/Nkj/x1fVTUugLSnun45y1BT9NXUa1Z05e4k1O9vCe+etNDktme0q9cWoJJrFWB+wQxg0H5CLdWCPFCw5LKKC63d7UYYVI8T5hbXrtywx1b3IeNR3TfFX5KZaZY0f5JmrEcuRMq84nW9XZNNk/eoK9KjO6+k91KX7ryez/JVYq9wRfPz6Re+5McQZeFf6V/YnyMzViLVyBLNBUIAtJuvGThBOoVKDjSDfmeMySTr09H0+Jr82JDxGnvqJsvIIqlCmkJJZDU7zas+7rvcRO1qjbcdd7K3p/7hOqcpySOfUY9RNlBtUldhuKr97u71kqs5xlvP1p6R/1ne+cMoiPvi4zEXcGk53z18z7lf2J3/e8yQniJuezrTIRRwaTWEsKmzWACqDEuhEIBzKQAy60wPr5Mxd0cKMuBnEzJTHP7OBHUQzumb2XPdFEERDEyZTEWhEYuQuQ0AEa3bgCIGpMoa3gDLvtz3w5rgyYB1+W5rgpwFpJxChwIAmPMLqxDB8QYQVbQJHVm3f+qS+WrPv5/rRvX+OMMIl5WJ3PGXVntpr4wc60N8sy25scFqcjO1Eh2yHB6MY1pOCIAsDEAVvq02aa8+db86d+xvHVd344K7zEzlyRHm1v9k42a6d+OCdKYq010BkcOQIRZXQjFl6cYAkgUEDSjfQDy2AtF9gABKEXFTR04wRaHpAaA8VyTFFv331V3YQyb42Nlf+cZTzqSUjPdemVZVU/JStnmV+HtFuLtiZ8qKm1UyWe//oKUWb7aPvBU2s2ysy+Nj7fiDfgjShd6iyzpnbRhkQAYq0csS1aaLYwpBth3AKg4EEa/ua7Ur09eQHm8aiXvwdtToC1oshfKCUxgpFuRGKMDbChChmwpNe3MZelgpKY57/Ncgf1v962BZTEWkiiwFIDJQhjdKMJRGDERoHEkG5UuYpilEl6fIg2j6rPym6zP8dIbYNDif3HlTp+bbuxQsUKFS1UrBtfoIRLHT5rmJJlgYirnVGsGvwyfw7pdl/r2w+3RUiNWOZVZvpVe0YIXUO/G9M7d/4Q5/3sV2fFsGQQ3+2H21KqEWtRgAtL2KjCBxnd+PkoKYFNHYx8vdNez/1mt5Y0MmCe3JlSxQtY65GQMhMDNyDpxhzcooGMDmR04/VY0sZTIYDdkCkqsJaKiwV4gARGjHQjBjonaMIYTITxM7M+a91eb6QZKYk91f8SV9UbaT1IAULEq4UED4BAggdAfNGNHq+sn9L6xNSqSjL9HkWtSDCVojWzLiWxVgpShnRjAWSCuIGiCS+6EcVGtW9de/9ht/H7fUxiF9QUzNmN6PnK3lrxJWKLklgriCGoeAvIgNGNaeCh4pjowotu9PiHr73eBa/Ev7L7Z4pmz4JJzJNpzx680m66Arfn3Ze42qnQJNbq8YLiBC8oYt3IBAU+MGTQvrg6S0fZvWlcwDxTbpoUbml+HVF41UvU8WpRE5i+uAFou0ANGRDCkfx163urtqpPelgy20fNxx8NjdWnfUWjeHLOn2VSHw2MklgL7wgA3uEEHcSQgSxqrP+2n71aFJWhq22E9NRkF7T7N00JiUmMYm/fOn+IOavcdn6lpkaWpmASa7WgAGoI4gohDOnGT5lCyhatLXQ1QjElhNGNLghCAGkAwBTcXhu3eSozk3lXW7+Pyq51V9lX4anaLrP6/ti7v2nspgFftmP9173806vZNBX0SavJ8/3qCWFd+jJ/vtTDIsKBiPPkRNo9KkMBYvklruwFd3Yzzdae3E+9U31fjV/iza8vmPo6f+KMchnMIv1A8dyZpRbUL1G0atmZ9nP+8UQTRe61P7d37EnNticwAsRaPDqwsgUGSmJ04xMBqDZQwAfqzSeMupli1Jdlx9rL7PSfuTjsvvTin3Nj8HN2yXoc+Su+md2fD9FST50IIOZZyfaCT+lmYdSHaaYrmZfAN4mbHBY8S+rSl4i6Mt6n8qYqjLV/ILizPbNMv5uBnoQPsRYXiuhgIIqwDN1Yows5abCUkSNf60O8gT312L16NmTIB6+++vkxLCj21s+dSecTTRS5EZ9ooohnQ3ZMYq0JxGBfwUJCkZ9z6+wymd7k1JOnk22fsm6qcYv01GS9XaYzPQvqcWQHFzpLsQFrTRwEjCjQA5JuLMAWefBBFcBIAmPyuatnFr7z5aLcc3m9H6ofIn2R0SH3xZ2vV8dTL+8ZiwJiEmtBQASi3kEIGN0ohCd2k+M+b64b/Ci+qpt/Yp+eHczXbhqbaX0WBW++29MbHlI3Yq4U3DN135ydaP6Zb9TsX7nTl7iv/k2DulgLkWY0s3t1PVuSGjEzvOkJOUWLlgTUMDoihQAUqb5iSWx90kxX+qlvz25yqH83OfbqkB6NC5/P1sOKE8zKSYc0yZM0PSHKFtnConJy+cB0uLSwyBgdcsVFpaNDwpxMMCeXIW6cdLCYXIpQYTntiDEl0eISgrWKgMKRDlAYNLoxiwvQAA0jsrAsFcWX4umTG0CJ1U/zztweYC0rzHABK8xwASLdiAMnIvCEG062IDbn7WG6pUsQJ/NNOcY+RN+wUBLzbNlSbTNMJ+gm50aUIE4GdKyq2VsYJbGWFEXGKMOPNJJ045AeRfAgwo4k9sO++ol9q1yrKdFURTubRlttPXyIT1DiUY5d4rjJcTHBmIzAaZWBACMIduCEId34RASw+GGGyxHSPPNv5/uPvQyFpEmPyodY8ze8JOYJaZsGz1o/H9CjaNtNjgeU2RNNFCm1oCTWOoAZdBeCyDHSjSx4gg6MsBkZ6Ua750//dEivVV5ZPx0yiM9Hk29zlqJDZqrPjr3qU4V9iFlizzLU9y/SbiCiTP0p80vSFmrEqGPqWYqiwwa+EStqXxAJlHKTo8OrKZvYV4+/Vq2zrJnyVz/E+pgkhhqxlhKkMNKNHwCyhiuEkKGI9Yza+U6dKcrtzZlJ2huSdWfstjR/3Rm01/ocjcEktn219euNM9aWtfGu+64qfqxHLpNYq4srBJvNBWB0I84LHCQL8uDVvnwfYmbz+QYPk0dEAJPYz/oS39O6XiTkgyz5El1mKCkxLC0uPEw26DXNjigzibVqkHKjBWfMMroxCCZQcAGOCLC+LLuzW53K5Fup1zvzh95QEvN4efpPu/HcL7FelTVhvD2r0joUhpJY6zTK2uAECIh0Iw940AHyowFEulG1uizpQ8x36+1l+Vl2YyAifox60QbyUnaD+WbP5q2v8k+bt9RlxrL/decMo2DkndXB7B4Q0dJM3zSPM1Z1Geky2xR8iHnw/qTMS6Q5y/7by3Raz+55t7N6iambHNEG2m5y9pRL/JWZliKRfeqn3S8RzPsl7lzBC/rBo/+zu8o6BWWnurWZvTkJIi5CWirvJgMfYq0jZEC7qhGE0Y1FuCGGG2QixGwQ0dIcREzhnV0GET8sWSL9amsYHqYiZHWasfTq2esE8KPox7LXsnLW1ForXcbL5q4VBYZHDIupCBvW5830UyppTzRRpER6lmcqU1Myc9kzZMJxJ5UhVHZQoQ0pqBFiC1b+KvFXVnaCAsyT5d84JTNM77YFrCUBGx8RsPGRpBtHV2hCZ1/EOsq1fJYjgVnrKHu9s9qvR1jLjCTowCOkjCLdCKMAIFhJLlZh+sngV+1sBJYDr/bjzqQdUGasaURYSwUnIcjwwwtEunG1AB8AA1ZDuhHH+xDtzqxNsdvMd/aJ+jaNfbtV1enUlmohonUZV+EZIGKKRmESw3GTo59a1z8j41l9LdY4e7vzS/Ts38/irbK3JttQJrEWCwFHQq0vhnTjEZKwjpCEhYZu3Fr8VMFaIQ6MoQYUQYx048pHGdtHGSh+U2zIDKJc/1S9q7IrfYgmiTJhSmIeFBs34r/+Ib7dmabT8TRBSayFOtKNTniElJEEHZDRjTmut5LWGwOW4yXSmzfNrPJfJIoHg3nRjR3Qw44d5OAFZKiuM4rfPspZ0tL7IlFQqpJYDv2ot6CVOXvPfgbfRaKgUCWx1hkdAMMVssAEZj3L6c9Mv4nf3QDLMenqO56nfQishcIDDSR+KMMZ3SiEDtIIgMsWWHbLAQxHaos2HfDAgurIomXasYXLiUWFiCNUTmCtLA6QBhngBIZ0o3czgxERcIzRjS/S3/PcOutm+VckikcE5pkrEsXbAqxlRhk+oAUlOjS6kQ5ACMIJtKtBxFRGQf0AluMJWGsJLhDhCVMwwYxuTHnBD6z4UQMzujHH3NnW/AUsB74BrwuolJQooxxUaAZAAABIAgACQxAAADBAMCQYkYomZFrBHxSAJD8+Oy4nD6YSOYuCGFNIITMzIyIAJEEA8DayghEvu2DRj4xioD3n6iZiH+WNzeYvVXSkyZM4xywPO37KG2GTtGRfF1c8AU4MuGL0OwE+wxVb3wMps9FJ1R14nwtwvSSY9Wwfl1hyLB7OvfI6fO05uZY1hqAAkZobyIOJH08jeAf1Zce+uEqRSS9NjcnxidszoDM2Tn6y1HGvhWmozgFiNKD9BrOkmFlnmeYLcwq7uJY6kN32aMqBrP/H81b/4UFKG7yyqxlXPxgZ8aNoNUZbr9G0Po/u2KSpCXsdhMD3S6g85siS0/EjRVxNcwE0MeECoURPnGtdfCfPMCbaDhG2SDzUytmxJiTWqlTV8QzSBR3wB7Nx8s69WyxfjMOi3fyYBppg+6+uTo7YXiZJbA9DshfGkLOhWe6b8PWEY9oaeIFTv9vG/aROg2EJZfDaxxmqGsZaR8jUnhruorA3r3rkhNyzBwIfFUmzHNh3xM26OTrN5OO3dpVuUoW9ptPQfVcG05YyLZmStGn8c6a3AIcBpXwYIB9zBpcCpsXoMXWiqIJ1eoxcK4HxESUd/66CZCE7zVfxdYVqADB2aOQwX1hGi+PMqOeZZHpwkse7/CNk1PGSFGyhDwhKN2fJMMyYRA3rgsSDCokU7GAZC1X4R1SpWlZQN1Kajb05jHK+rWujcXif2CTlzlJU2x6QUN31kmacM2x5Y5bPIVCP4CcynaCrceVhaO9IlHWpL0DkdeUTgp8Qjv/KXy0XhBeJYEvWH6Fz9HBGjfG6Jw0jffTtgxhX321sS3FPgDWWgeWThzNMyKwtmsT9gumrCnbQIS6F2Yd8CXGxzYq/lCenvsd27rkmSHVlq0nD9tLhn38NPdr4kZG/2Ifvq71Duj/3x6rsKq4ojjBorBoOkCutSL4s810tbGssHvzkLSUT3GcWnLSQ5bAPqFJRd5kk/9UuYxCtQGv7bqS+u9/SILVyEqZeqC2A0FcyqxPzyFd5OGtQHpefHPUDF/xnFxhy0cOCm0Rm76l4clycQ1h/dSHR2G6aGOiYSlLcAicsHTAdi1NI0zP80wBwfXwDxJt6K5b5KzHU4WWjU/HaBc+jN0+dz+uSl23rSkeXAaMfhnZljkjVjDAP/jOOFVm19BkYkMRNPcx4axd41dhyKDaJC6h0Frdq2S79qcNyKMrEJ18aRVhRJDPL1D2bdRJ1TkppVeUcuwo6Tl9z3AMyQc5jxGJDzSVpdh4up61rG9dbSVq2P1YFD1zHUNKiCrs8Rwjg5K9BqvWyR1s8koayLVIyuMsiY85eRK9WLE6rs6ydS/A4k315on6fNU77Dpz9vto8sE3mg5ygTf1VmovyAH32f4doGJcMdrMkhtnylSvjezmN9D+FR4mDAPsqbB+gFQVi/nmJpyh1BgZ1sBDUkT/8MGlR3jicdLrCFUbu7xIDDPDi5h/W3FZtxOxs+2Es/UlRZhy7cVah4zYC5Ew2b6tJc2jAT9zEj88aQpVzKCv2Zi+MAUL44FV0w1U3T58GPSWd/0OGlj1qIC7wG0MhpBMXbQR5WAVlP5XPGgxRgoqdWATv0d5DK8kmpDTrrurT7aFVpGgYrBKZ+Y5NcE+7hY19JQO8rwIOcJAxRrArcBd+8nRBKIUZjzkFMpi49YXNtDRW8Xw8rjbxyUh3wbi4n2EPxpwqcbvLod4/WZF0/t6AgvRo3AgeBqHqiy8b+cbwOI/lBJh5qYcuqmN8AePqcG752dze/zHw0BgpybpHSFrvr7vgPKKxovQ27twyDRqrH4ZJwm7MY5B2Qf0+unz0Y/KyWo1eGtxHcb8GGkqjCBp2RoxiJvBnjmppxMxVshIql6kcRBCr2w7KCWmy/WXwg7VNKZQzNwyFcnXnf32HZwBJvZuPB8u5BQQPIDUiLZ2ezKCTrXwezXwJCRFu6mXHlmxNvsNRx86+YPAnmrpQ+DZ8GoRGe621yQIl1+CGgS0zVSzZ1IGL8OsAYZY4ZaFM2cKQxRcW9vrAprAQTaWVi6mQEe26OQpxAl4bxbCtv+C3RsuNVak96c/UFyPPapUsnGmAXSO0xmtL+2iC7LQd0hE2lFvtca4y1S9P/dmLeWRFnOMzsYXnoO6rKonMUgYonZ8ZGEjexjc52Brz5bTSb7KbbRtjC1A72eDA3C09Iq26NPTfYY52VTXPks30UMkFhBx+02I7Hl5PBRLotkADfiDsuXVx2NPDOor+Ki50aczvOdRlXNVp80Tq+B0o7p0iQY2TLLr9ToIciDlSJUPH2Kpd7VUkT/QGNjH5n/6jq5yTmqeAv8VnRnWQp5DWuePjHrDBmhK4KuMKk40DbSF0UWKCbbRdwOFpqVzBKNz+/4NRNoN9dtBlW0c7FjK8T4trHZf4ET2gKwNbC2r+b32OArRFxpD1eJ50S1ExCjO0DGluebb2gOuhix1ELhgZUj6kEuVbVg1j05U4er1cq1tb8J0Uwh6Tj7MRpLsmILfWLxoAk3R2otcJaIEOrzmhakeOcr33fgcdITDR3nPEFhoGSJN36nIkI1+jvqjTArAneZ6iF0KmtcmA+HZdRNl+hJ0PJzxDcSZtvQXcB46R5/Mvz4xSg10WR8aQiX2jrw2DQBEwwsMGy6iN/xSGCvDjULEkZl6j/5ewmXN/ehaD7eKqEikKz8AVm/3IpcJuymJIY2YUcv8MU98WjkAwQV+fRxPbKQnKrrkPdLxvxORwMsfPLdibXiHqSO4RWAEJkIZFkuBgxy0Obn2G+6U0FYEaEugynvptR90FGnRNVxlOe5+09ctb1rRdh0KPG003nwh3k4Y1Bzt1Ywmxn+0WJxmTDnSidKCe6Aizg07JV663x5OMVmMHjOoxFigoIlZayEG4PYApgyxsqFJ99wU5WQVAnK6CcxUVoI9Xxr0SpPYdKu6MQ69vH67H06eejX3ePHQodymcGeLQQ+w7DGBti8jzgDjswefRuNSrrtKyRSLDkmhTu50DyplMnqnXazXrT7/gszU5usiIiytRyc4p+BN6K2YgA5NH5G7ehv28Qf9hGAUr7sm9gALTiY0fwpJyJ3q63an+pWrJNFXxLSMgYxEoJPl16CA+eihPBwWVa1qbFInvAuUvQSemQoG9nf7v5mtR3OUO4lvOKIX0ogvxR2NGSeJgxQ0gfvb/g00XWm0ecfE+5QAK7uC6uAAOCprxTqewz9JcISqIRgsddJ5AyNUtWNNgGCOu1yFAQ8LFlpQfNPbCxiWuZfe++/UTjomqga7wUaCG+42M9HJ7k0kuOqyXI+ubFC3JYUdHZY7KGMupqblITSC3942t629iAZEhBneD7gya1a0k5BltCaIzv81oK5Xq2Ol7tlc8dYSKMfxZ/ZBLfhmqXO1mGrwR0NnA95z7/hPPIW6UaR3R3G9kn4mrQV0FqnzA/gh8OLCZTjexQ3zKZhTyx/yplPZbQrs57ljMvhiW1FThkYHa5zrzXj7pEy+AMjXpvZtuE2iV3VcEUS22M+IknSYQ2BlQEJoQEl4EDpfKCBysu1NT8aFc24jWsDWCe3xTdDaUuoXkcIJnsOesT6Ap+vjt2lFmaOb+s1be+ID1+9Eq5jhFP6g8FsR5AjawZQxYFQ03YSjg9i+PrL+V9EOFbTdc/GSaVTMhPtVwkjn7TDpvfYxGfTd+/PjqMUTV4djlNgBEgTSl+7iGKEpPz68vA1YLJVh+xj02c0ZCJhA8yGWCphA8qy+cZahqOL1w8ne3RFqUFaRlcMpqHpFH/DcvCD/CQhdMpFJpPf8xIOkbiUHewFekmX0pEhzSN428RZ/ymau8ckiWiOeBtNlWsnxubEAc6IDTQSlXPmWTwRdUzthbVnUCFnYt3+H9znx0i4av8l1fQrE1TAhEHJEr32sZ52hErCyjxFS4k1FCpiTB5m6Q3aQaXOwSFGzHmxCZLSSYxAKFUZh2prTasF9MiRoMaEdMmSS5QPyMSubR94NorSVI6K9Of2hg48e8EccibeBGtKhJ94Whoe4gEnt5LL3emZjuWVfmY2yjNCTZgRX5DVIuW3kjc0XP/6lNqgeSfsv5VyuP3jvalr7l3VTNADwAdNRaIrGMWL3g4an2Jhhv3WTYuZRh3JamLqq1xJk6CoYAGym040qfMaPl06TDUDGNa94y8xQSy8oNhz7M7YUVbFJNiY207JWKJ5Jqa1tBQEbuQbqV52/qibtrTSjzlfNT2g97DxCmU52mgnAm3rBmW9cFnbvxIxm9RYJyhykdHPNly/MMM8N0c1/QqYPAW6kh+KY4qKanwOUQqCSJKnkzXPwFOQCAbGk03NtaXprqwrX6uk7QHO/dat3yl6g1bukMxTCxCtOO1TCBw33SnDGlL6/dk+QcMmqlElY8BNbHlE7pMKDgZxpx4NfHdCgCRKWItBb6rFSIXzxZ1gKJwduJ3xhtVVJL35ktp07swq33K3UKE5qIjMXNLdFkcsZXYyRlBwyBSz+VmMjinznbTmjXpBbVkncYRWks41QedK4CVijpSTA2Gui6zsJmvAGLS0N3sY+Cljif/P+caYNprK0MBMefkxkwvJ8K4Egj7o30IqRHsNcYpK7xqHPsJWog78swiSJSoXzmg0cFi4lEQ5r1EzDlEhwty0VCICv0hTKw9ivpkjVYpEKet9BPhXFl8Pw1Z2qlgucAfpqzsVL4EJaGIzrIlucCfmVpE+Esqp0+hIimuVf2qTfY/FhwnLT343mYEf4nF+CMWiuNnhBwzCNSC+zek6px+5dBl0qG6c8I8Y3qoUnj2O1GoxNuBsKElJGI3rslpepj7wjeImKfJ4PcuQmQc5Z7JA7Ag3LIkXEua/rMGOlJicbYjWbBcKNkHzj+0aYPizQLuLGkxAwMFj4J4/P6aWcrBxB4sOYk9m0PyfRkehmiAzlz35atO6i0WPBLTtUQTlcu05q4TnCHHK2I0eei9ybu3NenkoIsr4Dg37f5e9cf1aj68nIp/6Mss0q0Qch0a4n9WC300bZZOJeuOxugQemjJRDbVUUCdg/fVo/4zaOMJmQcKxNLmO3H9SS4TwoS3xwzTJlXShqABwrFuezP+DcdnFsjSgn2eBiSZsllQ4ozqxZCNiNHUvGWZXM4QwvZIGCICDIdChfW/ZTkpGKNPjjCFwwuTzYJGfg4ZZVkG3OghunpO2voSrD2azzwgm8/OerViMHSK5BgfwY7H+HsH7fdhT5ulqyGVKuVHGRdxWpMGE6NpuxaE6mTJimW++JyOsFvt/9xkLnEGOzyN1QxZnqoOJLm7BU4z4CwYH2FKQJtrsGfL/h5X1p7l4pFsBjOK7OUAX4ro/XJBnNJImJVR+Py5Tcysq/Kwh7xiOemi9OQ48AEfdP6ud3bgzhbA2yJlyar3CnEptZuSjMaBPFyIz6NS0zgBNoOgj0TD8T/u8BoBnE3oBomf3n6ggEClZ4nbRYg2yaeYUEBi+bkRNMTrxSWvMpWalQkEn070HEsqNFk0HL67kxvpQUKsGLfH2vVGylTbTuma88RaouZPauvIo27N/RIyPiqtAJS+pkhFjuLwP6Jp/454lXIAmiPu05Jk/AiwLsfyQTYvdd5M59LEOuXC2BRoHD4WVhNUylaswSGdKHM0aTFCLEqhpkFWDcRR3IaZtIXGvKgrx40cCyRjG6Nk1VHbQRkFDCyL8WjfvJIEiZx15xpCDYeshGKsFdp+ImM6QiLUI0ZmtZISww8sOwb+YF9AN0vcJafMP/pC+lFRp6m+LSaB9o+XDJ14xK4qxwdermfNMTbLh66ERhN1rxoiGcISYArC3WIMMm+TXRazc+I5EoUPpM9AwKpdTYneoXTAV50/2Xv0RHEPIRNH7aCqVBINzT8eMvOy/KvUd3FIYdMLQDL5IWnVdVMc1l4zDU0N6USWBit4M6wtJl3F9h3KQBdoT86kwSVLXKi2OJwkMxbiggX1psbGyDW22TlfyH0F91ASg7Nq7Kp5dRGHWOf2fdsLaSlbg9m1bHwNUU4x4notU+kEIjG11toQPEZM4naLc3Ue6Umo4Pr96fc76L3exdSq+Stw/V08dzlxh0+HbmZAPhzg+PRO0Cmf4x4gheyTXFgZvqDBSCMQ7dAfF8Qqi3dUp1VjncLJ67iavJNuTokVCiKo+0d8Zxd6KXIwi+um4ElmY1X45w5PrzJklaXFizryRIwHCKu6xaVdX+WiariWnp60wKSAVDQUZaeQrYGPq8Y3V2imvperTP+8izvReqJpYUHaKmeLKleCQPGLLTlaRJUkUvHOVzJ1Y+gpRPqC5ghRf/sXK6PKMtbwpeooLRjv6jezTYcbWjliLKZJmgLawu6KJdf8O6aJsEijr5XcaO1YtXw2CiuFm7UAFVhtt+mJHf5Z/SB3OIm1efK2VThfMwomnA7v0xvE38XcCsmcKLe+vSRu1cQKfhSUGOOllJGQYBQz6pnV8pNA0ab4dOYvjyhAAybCtQcl8itN0CEck6AbCtDOVdrWn89xPBtT2PrVmGLH9JHgFkmjR6igMqHheswRtNDImBQHDRtiMDwIRlIeaKMWEmqxHAfVL6fYTmChA6iLIt33q0Sa2UKToQqcBYGZ9ZoSPnG0AlIB7BIktIfsKZj0/MU9G0jhcjURby2ZnDGy1IVJGulT5Z/6MR7AM+7d5gN8Vgi95oexmihg4q0G1vX1HsiTbUTDSRrShGZoGhPkoyewgrED0nkppB34N2GzTisYhND2aToV738eqj8S3Y+oV0UZ3/k3OlTqdR6oGkoi9Fj8TzdyrbQROXoqMP5Y3dxWo5E5QEhEzIUS1BgjhV0+pwOkpAX2hLPnRBD1TuFucksKAiwxxiWcDafuw9NffLzDC+6prDGmhzL4AM9UPuPuv9HX+y984t3nxvv+G/WVUWa/z6/Bt8VvpZWnwAHwA98fXsiNKiJQ1e6PqdiqRz98ObfXu+MaCOiPEFpXIooFX+aLl+9fiSzRGKY59VeqZRbJDZV3LCDAmQexyNt8i2+sVNDpczNg3FOmSup/OUiMfmDpuOQiVe5O7KeSDhFhWukKiZHAjZL8Rshy2+5WHZnNC482DEryjmGJ2N4tzL+H0gDkpCoxgEFBqiqGUB4lhSISIkjniHQfB3pa3ejDePjfSCuV0xW/DZXZB0yuG+zPW5iu3ckpOWF/08xAFedzQJe930Bmc2sHSEupV2vAdLm7jmIvmwmN1F77wzjiE60ldpXgNpr6B76WyIUm8PuRSjbTSAVGw6uGr8jipifNmkbdPtAYN+g+hf9eHANNffY31QDi3taI0KB/x5MgY1FmBYuOz1aQ+sTR2S6mUZ7YC6+tFd5BuL1F+xCtOENoIS3WhAhfSI9dWp6LinqSfza64Y2yjRkWWm7elxBqs9S+HsOaIVa+EcmCIw0lEpS879E3kFCBz1HjBAjECPCu/kZDRkqxdo8grb61SU9RssMmJv13nkcFtNKAL3yo2B60VazWWp5NlY+1eQ+LZmSySexjj65JitsqCkRVopG7nohjIcH2Fh9Vo+EDvMMpRQKY3BCkFGDIsatltZWIkI6F7lNmk+/WykXXOxXcdpZmT/4SmUrmNWzQhN3JW0U78t8IAZnZ3A+e6qF4jFDwPYRZHGrx0KqFsk3g9B8lNWiGkIshVSQCIMh6PeQWZgoBh8n7Rh/goDcP5zQimUYpHvMGgBwjGEYxdCqT7wtsX6hcWGofw++fYhS1XP78studEN/oJAqaCNsOUTlzgXu/zGhkTmN4QbHlSU5jvxKGdYJmwHwrq8i9xUrSI7ijadA1puEBhM1LEWbY4dIxRw+hoBgbPsurixYQJAFUzUz6hF/UZCxYTZoqOSL6/Amtb7AhI5KWz5PhClfu1y2M0P0cRRnP432P3jTAfY4FrxjseU1RQbItqalJF8nmad33fNdvWnaRBl0iUmQDrrwfbhK4w8x8Bkpm+TpXLsmnYuuJA/hlZFNC2XiyFEMHX7FxjFbNE+CA4M41EUF+4rcAyrqVtQZgKc9XAbpCQroiuhtRzdyzSCqwd+VDsFb5a5kknAPoCGEAWVdM6J8wic6CTR01P+2kOSBNzlMQf/X3EdOKl0v0QK6uZ3eY4W6KwKRhEhmI/CkeB0yXMZgVWw7FfZBk8/u2nF0aej+Hvrno4btP3ZOE4TmmD5QOjsGg50WXO4xsCSW+BdBbBNQhA0XrVOkjzlq7aMIkydZC1Qs/Uq1rvypm0zWn1AaEoNzurdNjYASloWvLsVMtqThJSa9AKzRk7UGwq8dxzI0+PiDLNVeiFJYMAo3/tnaRQPTEwcytUDf3bqR/gPcPxPPRlPlZkE8gW14bkj2ehKXivkSQweT6dGBc80bSnqbQMS8w0zMUxFupgi5Als29Ko0DlU8MVLM+BKIbCiaik1B+/wItIfHeVhlzpnWZdsBPYAsxhIsmtxNVtBt/iUKHdfWoOQdbUVVn7T/wICMT1sIq+kmQ/Pr3Jh1qWFAOKjKJplI5BNtFNz9a+qwhZBSmUiZD7bqRYxLGLGKYr7wzA6YEEYj2W3fw1CQAeJ0ySr+0229QHz8jlJcNB806zvMedEfF9EzTFNYGfPkyH+bi8+MrDafFaQFICD18zUZcRrVgdB4XDrCUXZULC1Z44o1ID7F2ZORSmjysfbBgqJkrsdlYrZAIyMBpvxPuT28pgcL/N+v5boqnsM1ke/xgFVObu0AV/GJK1FGL/X5Ucvgqp62afl5wa73GAZvNGTWVN/187MgsC4uGlEjA2JvTQyMteitFyqYLEwMWs4bSWt+FP2BTA7M6PxU+qhf8yG2FEqAAPfkZIprDFpmulxoHM3CYmOzCrjLQA4tTMeddpGWA2GLDerIi2UHYZtnZ4ppUE1GbbDBGrecGayg6etQ66yjHdZgGeU3rd3fE6U7Gp55ra1VJ2ycZYDuEgO11ANkyxupvXVLJ6EnxUg5zh8tG0D/a8taPTIB5UF7P8SGAaR0VYntRUQ/zbTIpOKEEz1uOPTwwSECTtDv7Um7OaEUTJHo+JutfpxCrb40kOMtjhQXj/UKd7wqw7CjTThk/CuX4RwVgNzhOqoZOJg0mnv6ZQkgjEH1grDugflNSs5MeNYhluD0VUohDGi/C7kGs9pIxljMClKtU3S643iPfMGYINMBP5ZLXbmwIIz4F1QwhmqU+W8cpvWV2rkbtE51QdZ2CCZ/Tr8v8m9CXRiTsRSd5h5him/L0RkcA0XNEcgu1DJZS4Nkxo/CBKocpFGqyCz+Ryw7xxHpq8duiLstBNLMpSuEryEbYDnMJhmWCVA5LsN99mwutkr+nXhciHwZ50Hu2dTY31fhalX7lMeILRrDSVqzG54Gi5Ue3nMFgZjywVeLLVZAVaCGJJI8wXgfw+RQJHs8gFPrqV0/z9fjYRt7WMIx9MTyFwtyyD22cCPpwiaQ+h6xl2BwfgQbWROgXIcFYGth8kPb7ofHc9Vh74yCyLwwKUXcnTRVNPxVH6AC8poIOIMFEPqdHBIfAQURS4wqPVTHRL6K6wSEe9WxzvxG6IaZfuSgUNtDdiqFd6DjrfC69MiTMz6FSdgupBJD8W9Z9ZQjvZ/NTc9CD1cTFZBgC6m1F7l+CBX9R7b6HbpRCNo/oVWyzGMGphs8X50mYmrmc516Hw24Lxsxt7DvstPYJqA6oMoPUYJSdGTfTFrEzWyoEGUowRog1VZtHERrsvUUL0tuQ/VLt95jiMCfXRdCcwYYpLGJXEq9ScDdU4YWAMpotUE7DRpS74MhxZp08MD2FUy21qzmq1DrheuyDmk1kpGUp87nBBAgkTbp9g9imTbWyYOK1lWxFsnfXIRQguJA186od7JhuzookVKBN2QrwhBnRg4OM7BBQywmgenbNUmEEsCVlE19Ua9ZRImgHkU2NoD47wk1jsJgjY88/HQuJUqK21B4B7Y1sjIWkIuvAIlTVWk88cpuMjRhkjk9IQnQIM1zwjADSCNlbdGGWGNJephMqqj5ejhkK2ao8WOw1Rc6crGVeWgbf+dPwiqTPbkjo0UV/S2N/YjY3BabaxE+QpNhA0WIvlg042FXYxVKAZHGxk0ybKpRwv5GLePBSaGlpd4sPJGnz893rL+AePoTgLPI7PFqqsT4e23VIYpT1bCcGM51d6zrnGcfnqykKPP3HroYyy/vq5SC/EwI8HGO9ki1g6XxNPphi+ZO9cWXEaT5oYkJLADk8qBNa6D6DCRDYkW3KHPbHAD6i8WVJAMy8Eve3c2b62S1CFxG0JTP1J6lX74+zL6IEe3FqvNd0NqWkRQjD2VXXzgJP7BJeK9suP/0NQTpGVqOO2rLXS+BjI8b/DYnpPIqfDyEnJtEaQyGsxiRtlYuRicVG3FiXXGjyKPg098lyLNiQY/pfHSSjH+oKhkRwE3OHlfBBOO+eFnhPPMJ6rLhSi/oqh158OmyC6KHk9havvL7Xo012hcgRNwb2BAlGEGwlIPgp7q0UdfWZFa9TRD7ojT7US/c1DJU+ZpNPhZjhFb7iADCYMYd2GKuDgdTPMQd8eXcz2XBNFBakbeUfyYvIQbKp/7z30FKoFOZjB6eVigXwqJJ9DT8LGd5QznDFM33jhY2ni+dMSLmzoM5V25YO5/M85N+JwhW21Acq+2VtUiWx1XApeWmYs3j1WjPbyUGpUeY/pFtxewpmA9PFtv+SdIvqjCGpQeDZhNKj75T+LIzd/gU/qhrFBr9Y6eVoPrDx8hhLqhsevFtxtApwBLecHfog2zIUiYQoF0CGnI4qg9k4R5c36HWK5uaC+O2oUmKkwBzvEaOwmIfeUY+am6+K70fggF2a8NhDOWmA2ZizJAcKtoHPH2SPeLHgyGhNyXgtNjTdIe9ZKtHDEAVcVkDqUYdJCpDrH9IUp3lA/3N7LBzYCq6/xPs6eWBIxBYse8j5P93OeOf0M2U8dMMbkQxyEaEPvSIjAKFvIuBixBpsHvWA6aT9smGksFNa0KnNLFvDZdYorBbRD9T6KnqHGOTbfNApe86FS+1jykLCPM+qsItsZQkV5NsdSuju+XEui9l7DcoKhuwK/nOGMXiwya41vRe8WB6LL6F5/X2mIxfKLk6YXD7hjMnOVYWCOMG5RW2nwuXOKiOIr3TtRzk+oW16xOqpUf8tsxb6h+P1/QoCYFu8Ldsldw4Iyh/S55ORwMLdRB57ACZRKA9WgO3cnWBEJj3XaVecwlhsRkDCgxJmcMDc36z2b6hftcyGfGeT1Umh3wLbo1Cf3Qe12mpoOMo5jkZQSRZrFgrWQFHET8M7kkZjjWEVT++jOXLUMoT5IPMUTNX1s/4MdbXxRDgZe1w63RJwDBZIxFKdxe0jR7vMAO1t6/NhLHii3cBj4bSGoRk0MgTxiwmWpVGldH6/nKcb1X4Wl0qaweiI/DRTlBHp8uKW7+jiq5iaUQVws2NSJdjpHa+3DFMnaSoHGV51paPn+OGem2+wRHcFRa2iJ6AoAPexz5+gpywIJd4c47a38ZMhmFukVYAz/zoOwH0bhYImPToY/j/GTua2FYczAxL7VggTY3hy4sUNTsFNMBJVHDVwMB33FmUOsq8xW+PgODb3ZfZHLNvojjAArFi3OOYL5u1KyAFL9tWZXJzHSlW6Tp2NyewY/eFQ24/UCEnleV2h4MN70OOlFG/IYOMiT0jcN4WpRYgG30zarO3iDKKSu4wqujPiFGxdzAzR57L26RyA3fKwE5YYR/Yil0mo6eRH5uWjtS1rizGbh0xn8cZdlPaB4xIJjvRr6PjrGrNwt8WEbaMRy63EtMIulbANBL1hF0j/iOZDgtu1qCZ0rGUBPpNTUDMTUCPT63jynw38PlK9DffKTCPEsEjL3nCr9BPOOYV68TGtUgNFT7WT7vlAKooKqdEcd897vRuXUjC9mdfqjq69zaM4G+Leogt8wZTlYLrRD1Opj54EdZRzL294ZZmnNe9o2k/MTrxeUeBq7q9FWvHmUuVe0ZjuCIe8H2/CTB0+cL0Nvrvp9PL1VBZ1BZSehySN9ksbtRkINRON30DsVRwWzKJKXlknHai8zKLnID4izKWsx/axy74MOqfaVQkffJa/26p/wGk/WDVy8Yy9CR/RaaIbg8JrDu9w0gi2zplIS2Id9krt1FHA3iBGuskBBTn/5LT7sVJox6rc988IQ0AOzO88Ncy0RBlpHB6B1JMxgsxYvC9Xvc9v9elRs5QSOpAClwTs8kXWLCGJjvE31OBeitQjMLrYhWwsPwAWGX59+0BSq0YP755X/eN7Obtr1juzmfuwkm6uR7XpQT+mU76NRS6G3Ws1vImi2Un5S3UIhpgOf29SfdWxyQCJrtaQ7jRzo4dWyd+7Gt+jK0Nx1OChpSMjztv9kxX4ZNmcehYz6SBhSAErTPKKhiczFbXWhmogCWqj1OYIwD1xaI5BukykM1pPAS3A1nXRDFCU533cna9fibrWER9lKaYwD7cjIXzpOXueRrWXMhBNKtKYUtXMQJ7UGkzK3z6ZW/MOW6FO9HlAZgaPKAn7ywivelenAboTmMusj/5fwKrzmzFDYe7WsXu+82Kln1CCpNEt5juPO3IPmSWlywiaiAX4Y9kMN/xyRGvGJRSg103p2rro1m5AUFwXGacSI3exzf5nzp/4ASc/h7EJtcTEegp/xERDDjL7tIVH7smW6vWifabIFyOhzXDczNkvKLkgkgYoz1NdPykAALKMteJ5KWa2XRsLtHtC4ZcK1Q1/YAiZfMxrATYS0VgQwu2wvgoNwOOyzRLLAs2V7JpqSRcF2BgbKL8RFNUVfgpjEHHNd2bmZo71ohLgrW7ycQNE5XHFZnF9jIg54bZR1+Q08qKgqtV5CEPvuOuk2cdkqdL9O92b/ta1DzQjwOkzgNfEBRNkGM2ZnMSSHkusuE8ze3I2YOlkIQu4rI2wlRiK55+i/RVGlmKMX6b5hZBBZ6fQYuF6TWVSqoVS6wPD7E70s8c2sqb26J3EAI3qvSpgNc/6SWLM0JRkLi0C1UZLMbUeiINL+pz/ZzgfbskIKxz6INOXAlR3Hc3fQPBVCICCVoxoMej8gV0NSp1GnEhxyVQe2xoB7jiv1y+WEIc6N/aygBLHkooLVXcJW+nMouJ/nSpDKHKcusF3nXg8kjwTrR1PEHA+rzQ3Eha4Hvx3zV4NsOgM4NSjAU5lHhII2Ybv10wGMUcDU3IG84w54RxTrFVnHD966nHQZv/64uKnCb9uUbAdc39zFv0kzXxi3OVxN/HjIEIQ6bpS9r7a8o/gEjGKGAtRjXCSK6HqsSjoawC9Jcgzhlwke0xq9dik3oknHdyp6oVXzcd1Ik7t6Ibl4u4Uhd75z0+3XhMOeijKLmFgXCh5j1a9WNk8HEBzQdXpYM2+LZkOwzYyfmwo9iGp9hA5Fd7qA3k2zXLbShhGD5500c9bNjE7g3uZR5evETrpiZaLpDJW12wFA1iKke42fKIPNbO+TYgU8j0B6YNL+HhKCsl/+fL8jLP5tCTlwwcaW8yda2oPT57ngFSSyAUVwFHF/ei5D2t1mr4ykBqMIhdwntQ7TjUkiCNEYi60MrHXvMqhTaH7z6dBuLolxAlAWc06pG2103L47DC9vqiECu33pAgTZ5vB/NniasYGgqvLidm2ZE1U3W3EQL6RQAbjdVYcsAyoazl47yq5sotmeu4V9pZsrr+7HZjmOHoZNDEjdJWG6ZMUARJsqcjOhV30arXHvvdewqCbbB4h2Q19kspkQGrns+S9QCAXntxd5Y6lwpAi0Jl49r4jXVmkutF6I93b1QPz2yPO+3IO+YwGO08Js3lFMQ9vYiw1X9GWVEJpg5EfPq/5xyCL8vnSfDJ2pN163JHI50iEK5UkIN6uq6zpBEHl4/rNd8kmR7nBpbqX9E+BDrH9sTr3ow/H8kszhEZ/ALItzaDvg2OcV6eyLFGICQVrtqoR05hUgc69uWWKauNTC8Ntit1Aac27X8OT4OLb9vBZrc3lGZyRsk/ntNcQAUkh4iFt+MBog29qkUp++SxqTegoFjOuA5ZUc68/1GQwyBDtyStXD5vYDVgH8/yblEMCLmsHlNf5zMAt8QTK+hRBqtKiFeXca8YVJ3QXghgDWbFFbmVMZrK2Su2cS5O3RxStR9nVnfveFWgqC/wl9Ch887J9O/m8fOddtCbhS8Usxhe4Fl7dBz2OUOouli5kQ0VxQKEyQVKMWolkDeF8D+xOm3AWH/1KRqsrv/FYzj+y+0eAIrRvRAd4WNbBPGb2Yu4l4OutyTzK83vyO4XTwQlguidGB0Zw4W+8NTg7HU4fvoVQR7yT1iVopzrIV2SkjpygmrWgwIRnYJnsWCbDqaeEF+FALJHO50XtKlJWeIkt7I5K9P4ilbwwtzUNzyQqEYUGhDZRagv0oALLIMRHABrHuQVBxUwuXh6JJVhKHnkaFlDwG0w4qa/gNIdgXUUB5dFg0hX6JuQTGYpvgHYsiLSo11LFOrFEAYrTioHP7TJNarJB8IHhvJ6ipe6rQY5wwKdPmU65byINXcIDFFrZ9CCvxfu+tFxxGAey/3szaToGHkBTcxuaBTBSiZUUQg7jVY+Sct4nPXZ0aoeMCSoc0pH3lzSEAKPY1NM4uE+qQonDvQtZ+RxME3FpTfjDgjNBqYEdmiJiLnAMYF+VSjqiRvDpkBYM4Y+WAjOj1dlEc0M6mUxayFZnIALXWQF7xl/JeP1h/YTEIyhqCJ70Ap4XWKwaOOYcjnTj6BGuHjp+ORERziqIttwSHwxwg2fu15LHEi4LQzrEs+W9CG/Hg6ZjWGPimREhMcraIy0CRF08CCZvK4CKoHK4o2AdY0sbyHfpAGrvkS6nPtBZIiHRFgfMEJq6CioQ4z/9AFHOKgTb1oYpHTLPsIt90gWx8a0XMuW0I2YxrS6ajYdwqRWdjShNz5ovDg1TiCiNpCIooPLH9j2epm2FBLfsf93AfpBImURifEteP8ycFdMx2dUaabOECzXRgkSHDQcACEv8XWuQiF6iStRW3+D1VEg2xd38f6gg3lUtKRIpCFrROOlCWEez6E5zfbG1RL0eeCAcXJgX2UELfq/gvIlg6HiMyPloYQPGc6+Cr3k9UKJFj+Kn6KKpotWlDMt2ClwAyiKa5ToAL3GwQ/udCE7L/aQhbrp1YTAMJoVLvla6O1oEIIg9/dEa2QX6ClKIDK1bVKxngCgUtYI/8yAOXysw8Vgcv6rsCT74a0FPXO1U3Yt1kVuZvCCY5MLWjtIyuz+WgYeXf2I8idDi8zV22aZXTGrXSgPSmDuj3LT5bU6SzNFGKcLSVysJUzn8oEccjVP/GeGDqHWARYDYeJhxPIX+lqYzU044QJTrxrArahtB2MhA5oysozdNLxQfBkQJfQN55g0an6uWQMwVFUXZywMRbUP5JyBUh37nuFO5qSu/ZzQX4iypHzt3UMBr72CIciWmdFnxqfKVQY0+UEXHnr/Q1WkrLCtZ1BIcF8SOrZxZjwK24iJoNFpiiitx9Qi3J8bL1PXpr5qhB5MMd9f+g1CiuoHjiyz7e6e9I7gGVVxT8RCgW4InFw/OjxxhyWVNq2nzVR+lZCRd7VckhkIwzfgZsYBo5y4CMLdC4KNPehx3kJROBEakLCG1xmlEh2J+8pFRmW6tFPTio14CjfGOr7DACKWH23C4BrmmtW5UTUhYghyCQTL/jeSJc5JpohlkLNP+j8PE2KCCWZ3C5X7CvwWke0D0avNRVCQCDZWXLdxWA0DnkyFYL5fJZCAJuBMTaUAzV7vC0rygbI3wrDR9zrsumDaiKZwP7yQwtOJ4aq39B9JXq5ABBk89oZCy31aP3A87Sb8jzDnIXNHvH3vYkcx0wwardLtMUvp0d3xjCfpvhfUMvpir4WlMQw/wylApN851eYrAFhJsJ3kNRVtNz/RcZKq+PL9dovsacMw9Cazsz87HT7mjNiwTjFoX8ICok0/V+k6wWu1ci86nuuZbXfxswXL9yvkqu0RCJoEp7gs8+jPqwMtrht6pPmTNafNQbZngcV40ctlrVFcYmvxXRgXgjBF5iLjIfFHsFPyRjwz0yRQwpZUCasFrOncozYREzl8IcHrPt5DcfeGrvgP72YFk0qKGn0/W2hz66WvquFR6I5xT1wI+Ld6RWZwTg1nFXO8vMFHa2CgXRYu0/ybelfx1WRwC7GMQ1q1rlP6Vw5VP1kvRDi99Hoktc8+TJaKjTjWquvN/Ucbts/QkGQBpEOrVswo1tNMn8ZWIlb5+WSfxHiF2K6Kj/tRRXK93OASUPXDHkMVQggF4FF1E1OtS+t1bAZiAxb4I+5AtFB+BpilHRNpfGO2yVwPk279DFwp6sWRBimcT7I5pf/jmMDoYgRMzzZvK2ytLbLuooKmvU8cJxR2+H2/zx0r5lh9CthR3q+Da08+DJLsAUupDFlHGvs/46khinCuXUDl8vYgmMsDn/tkijw5iHLtlLXHrXOzyhXVKvKh8Ns6zPakg73+UdX5oME6iZSqN/9DAvxaPQzEwxPFNIWYrpQxiNnv0wkp9owyquwWcnFcsZliFnvYlYjiMah9X1Ta3iUjRAzKydFZ2G9qH27VAd7TSyoM+U45H1CrUzbLmnMPIqSopgrHxxxim+HH94NSjww/klbG7NXRp9WRPLvXL920Mm2nld/JgtrU++HVU9URcHPpqn4OsDcE1M4EeAOftyWkWIHvt6txlLWwDSxfbW0prwnbRDKDnySGgbwRg8OuoudZ6NoWK9S/soKm6JhABP9vTNwQaZQUHR/QrGQP1/IOTjfOWlKgrpKhMt86N2RHdrBMPf5ke3nII1x7nak8NOnXA+50q47WC6FPjop9+7mEhvi8v9Dwjx7N26clRLQRLs3nWlXb1WIeXjIZkoAFRdRFpabxDUWVQs2MroAZkRhvsnaliSRYCR/2+/Ot6rhM0ZdCjwkScx/WCPJSMIdQGlp0UIL8gPCdMCrSTM0bg6XJKJJlWZQTY/HQeZCOMgEsH2m15ER9kYGVAG/ZXgqfucTFRLuDITg5oHyrsNePG1vgO4S2N57m4oEdpzUFZvJpT5NK/R5WAiKC01A9L4BD9Gmv1pnkrVWJtRvsvxsWygNyKCYNO3wNmZOUKMmFLEaIrVDbfuil6xnQ8wOPdXIKByMjtqgU6zYBfSC8gBU0NY+4NwrTgaXp0SFd29L64Wg13RTlIp2zLNdQyU1AeRxjdhMCFCFaUprIwuwUaS81fmHw9CPnl6arV3ymzttFBphz9LU3FF0d5hiEzUUCoH1NbANoXGIEMSZjZogHkcc8de1soZxpaQVN4JfV1fywEzPVgsCCWO5sMzVpHMXDBWg2hOtDyCiqEyNMxUIXIwmGOF3pnDd8DZ8aIXlMWI4bFk+EeaxaloQcGzhBJKJsYK0ImsdI9wgM88Vms9in47cgrCnd9qUT2SFvE47TkEqYYczjG8VsFNpRmOFsmjp8RPwVqZbyM+aTg3xKvrWsAYEjGS5runJw0LZ8Xb2PLUap9ImX3H4OJ4T0uozpZlfTxpLMjc64x2CUx9ooPabA7kV+b4E/Ky751ZUFA36eKrObAa6U7N9mf8rncl4pSPynh8VSBU5SN2Pl0d5XcZ7taXD8utV8I8oKu6tPhYTW4a/vlyk6MzcvmxPuhUohlbgp4TMXcEZXNGxZCvXmOdD5VgXa71ganfyZf/N7KVTAR879WvbgfxTxF2+oTSrtEZqi9ClthZp/JkP+iszvqu+0SerD3cxadAHEvTm58ELm4e2C8SMZl01dRoQgdplUWsV6HUvan2fUsxdvAVGG+Fnl/jX1E2TQL90X4Xc/2Oh1G5UWd7sUQrOpqqTTQxUcAPxBdBkABnlCLVV+Su9h0EICMEom0CrCbWSJpTpgz4mvnBAEHyzk5zGGrzSxMi3sJ1aln3OuEHoSSh75EhO7OemVkTP1UgLTkdabdehAukE8pwud/QfIfJSyy3A38NZDtY/Vm1s8iDbE0QPgyhrQtnj4iNh6b3LCwCXFoMCiuqlRUTm+H2kvgujaRGr1MJ2ia9BkvZTS4lQVlUsoyFTeeGxqqYSEsmiIXZH0ty1g7/IqhQq0IBDbMWJ9rN3rdjmCR7TE4rOKf5AXhDwoTm29VgUwRqLwWqvv/2dq3WEoX7nFCbdTAaAtdkfO74tdvw2VBOXvMua22yHXqooYB5VMWZCrOchgyXMaZlOust2EajDkkj6MYLOZsqx5UwjcEQNZqPHIbP6vuC92uoXgBmuacrP+XMJyRflCrxdgMT6ZzORVCSo5m6Lk51ssC0mAX3gpprQruIj62tWia2LgT0Ywn/gxoWi8z8nDAscomidzWFSSFce44t9qbQ92wvJBU92vaglVyQU1D97Qx2w5YOinOo0LWZO27M9BmLYxJecOTCy89CuPc5hASetpz8TJUb8IAm6PQYl12CmRTxuOlL3JnvFtVnEeUTOWyem/KhyWEQhCdgGCG/j4vhlwB4fHo4mOFeDv2/ZXmpcO7NMkDMJFRWDQ2Hp5wOX3yyYxm1EGAbhHlHHXDcCPqVi2iGwoDsQhy6NCZOEL1CvPRsutmcl9RHW0Fz3UMZQpXSeY2QieZhtAYZ/2kUK92QfdfKMmL2gOmovcO5EBAQJsToetxFoS7K5SoQMWUvgjjlKtNFlIUZYqLLO8jrEpkxLFS9/Y8cszJKJy0hrpln3BXT5NgkHESiMQnesk8NfwOIwyGr0a0BvDM632vJ1pJEC5q2louCBk4OIHiKikaEkJcgiPBzVl5HykURi67QQxv2VBWl1yMWGJKTRoKq+pLtdvKE25C+E+tGY5zHjmGvgZh+I2AxTUl0TvgtUmX9HnTkpeP2wNbHza0O/o3QYFItJaZSxnoRL4A7Jyn0OC8ophHHn8N+dlD7gujvNZq5ZRojfLEAidnVG38zTg731/BkLHSPFpoXeSTdPXFA0ZT8Dvt34K4dmiK+JODtJkR/i/Vz/aSRqRJrBbO5KZjTGmlX40lSN64OySyEIM2B0IKVJi6qmwvBuhqm090B/zTeQ6Ej7DU3ugOI9CFMWrLEzgaBIY/Y6LrS16ZJ27jn8yeFxXm1911B/Wu+oeeWRTxqIzTh9az7gTDxYDAcABYcBY2TYSPme5HUC1PPj+PYFdJH5YeZQsLbSuzqE0eDBNS69uUXYD6PyYoZOwqfJYDawREp+b81KQ57icszZ7globo4trXmvTfmjzozm3F8h6oX+pY0G+GI2RB/E63+cD26dPvhG5Wo4JYm6NpdxaE+27r/T02EmDpl288WCK6hgw1oIH/KfdB10ygPvBAIQtliTqnuTNA9CrZJxqkCH+8DNUTaMYw/48mCeucNeQhnaKkbEg+ngI/EEIsDkIWkNTcLITknFuwS7qhdlhu63rAGELaDzyN8HfzMV619xE9wUUsPmLxBho2PItXa6RsbOalI1qTFrYmsCsCnIicwGDkTCXjA1EBThNG/+jMGsN/XohUtFoS/ux0AUcB/LBwxsoUEL0tOU0RJ6DoOGXEOni/CbAHfwnOS/Ypzcn16imjh0wws59ygaC6lMOuatNzd+JdQTLG7xVFhVXJC/BkIhrfGTUQEmw7pjRaWeTLOuuRtqOLPDUqOsXEcSG8JJURG5UbeQxKw2u9Bj/HLn8PE6H3ws8r6DBKFUncrMnA5lgaSFxHcfDTvSC1gbD4KRb8uRWYGS+QWgnCxKjHyvEZtKjH4gwWgyOFnsMBc5ZTj9pMewpwDwjyRJtIo+AUfirrMR6RMhzXm3RK91f+EFNU2oI2324FCPwMhl0ruaCTDKBzuIpodQdvM5b6GeY2rM5aodLtLKiRf4NXm2hVhdH4CEBFsU7y0jxnGifeTRVZxUF7kNUafmFNnVcpQ4eUUv73pmw0Z61uo00u6x+7afXSEaGdgkcsZ6oEKFiW9XfhGOdIoNVkKjDMfoYY7iwqkdvr455hPs64/QrceSiFruAKXQRNsszyins+aNcculx7R0SwkeDyjOVG0rdPv7LOdaLHwjnJl3w4YM3Ff5Ingic9HgBlhpP7tarLnFI8sSGodKMd77vTlFqFAJq/15KwVsYq14S0aYne6os0b6kEeeyJ5t0OaHQ1v8y2jmxcvQFIhGUYEBPqVcYRRnjiJybhKwWAYpZK3SeIUH8fhp0HEX8fCHQYtGNogJZemgITRXUnDWbO/Nw6nBs8NAFZ2BRMIY/uF3Wj0jh1vISfI+EtM4cBl4Cebh1B/QIHgUhuz6uw/4thodheltDESRdqK1y9w8tt2e5qpNngNYDemNaNzwaiVLxkOpTWHpYIfi055TmUXfbCTop6e8K0EZ6BFOnk6IbclDcVU3uU/qdWrKL6pPfSNZ+eJvHNneIwYN9T7iNae5m/wDIg4OHEG3Tu9lcO3gXz3gPo31uqgru4ImnL/uga9DUkgZnBR6YZGK8HpsuhUSxlcvrTD2oUOB/OHqOiB+hKVPafYfS2cr4AIx8DFs0fzrfR2jHB6H3DWDmo85VYhTD5qLXtHuel7z4wBnaX6EmZEw6i+5UhAnkrVm1E6X0MTbrgHPomSpnL7AZwFoOhFdJOou6AaiKz8WRTB9piHbmJR/lpEtRdyHRFxdA1XlVX37kTadrqBJGtw8qUIu+h4XT0pFxiCBk6nscB8l9fMFGnszBJCNZ+ev2ZMCm4NSZ5BT03frfNpydgdL9Bf6VzHvKYuFqBrgh/coEa3KEUZumPXi6GnXolQ+J0YN9TRd72Ze+76r084vUYZb+yG+IV4F1B648Fuz+RD40MaxqtAOWWrM9H706XqgPVvGnMGgVbfuCdcYzwhr25PUi9Nni0pgJQGCzoJw7dlSFlM9kvKl7dxOQ2jUXSMxa1HYmkU7sZTIkL80UJYUaOC2bVS4iHHQQkoMrFv9mBCwjptoiVy8Ybvotph8xXwMXfySLXYTJrmZxPj1XoAzUT/8FG1XBNsEeRR9OsQjqr9a2xP4HQFQuYEVVOwDSLpQHg+JxLGaHX1NQd6Tb47pCXPqSr1rt4oJvES1EPZ7gzG37SYZCurZXSr8rkQWgtPJfJfAByDDphcMcoetM8UMj3VNI1pPIsk0gVnoYEcdIp6BmHpiwgAEQyHMTvcdSm1+D3bkm+YSvK8V1Wey/9logL7B23u01pPpwqGiEBYN0X+U9CIBVch52yBELYyUE2JMRzpSgBh0Yplf5FS2CJxoDgNT629ZMcztHCx1WuO3KuymWuMSUIlHgEykdvXRTToldFZL+SZJz56wVW8cwg5OA4AQAhKT/yHVZT2EnRjDDSUeaUf0Z2zljyuG7RsIWiYyXGl7sjj1BvGqruGXUJwl1jru7Zc+Mf1VibDElsVw4S+KKJQm1SFVIP5INotPCAg6SWFmTNbKm4FQOu7l4xx9XAtlvCbnck7ugROi2HUkoLw2U5hZ29yiPXUEs8bhFyrJO2LP8tnPr2svYR+lrKZAuk4bx9lGFESo2SSUPcFaWeo5B2+/VE2+i55tK7eSuOMWNGWO9hzCsx7ZTX2HGgzVjXHWY47nX+YeJPWuVSUBjg19hGmq4PO6QtkVuBnxcFCtkqHLAwIsDJ+YIiaYYSF6GZo1mHJoWGestgSYwW2jEgPiT7vhD/7M4luNSamjpHxoAqSAifsZZoAht97q2ranAtn7isGtHK3pbAfZxpya7aJB1RyEpOjTMIyd0FHWUrZIeNoZWTIeWh5BtxuzJNICl833G1K1aL9HOvhV38/WITqjIaJZdkO6Nw5QYlfg3AnoGmLNb1p9328IShOpMRAp9rYCzmmyfNR1xLyQoNsBsL/OAfCqFTaRtyCZX7r5xL1oIvPnnTCIK/E2+01Ul/CqpBe9uYJ+W9aptoaSUEG7rdrz9LSkv6Tr97CyWA2w6bJXRuVIoADp42f1YVFhqa8eTrV0LBZ5mRZbyIw+CYVCrGjWW/g3u6nxOhbCwsj9Tl6vS9wpeJa2nPPhdbxODV82k9Uoqjdjwf79uWPgDqUMsVb81JztNX9/Ebrc+sSTmZHPx1ammNBehex8df78qj1AFc/3l/gI4roL0IQYdhXs+dfkx2H/KGcrU+zlCASB21mVdgAmCu15P4rk9mtGRWvNUR0wJHYLu8RldwZOsE+2qy1kvMBOSY5ApVcgbywasJeQOKtZnEN4yinFeSc9EJwDP3UAaSZJPU7NtVshLqm/ZvQekCMl5f9w1Za6fe20NLZGE0IFb8kAf6D5qzLapwhs1eXmHXRWSGt96EFLE7IxCunPq20x/RofvXtXi93apteO3kdnIUCD9h6j8RS1PDRQThVrIr1C1yKweMg1RsEaaQgeFnHmB9ZYNMmVm8mvR+25pPXwAv7WM8yTXNtJAka90FBbUTTb0Q3ZHcCZ9Gjha9M2XUzPxq4Wq9QbO/BZH81cfU7QnTlVm810SW5KovU34HZ1asO1CVsu+ysAVzIbo1z6p10CHKC1wLFa5x8j1ocel32JHOYVi/+vEW5UqkdDZui1h0bl5snofE4BMQr23gcoFWJ3oh+x7nkVf6VMY4yWWZ/xGis0I4UFyYsK79aC11Z2t4JYBiawEd1kAE5LOrY5GPjDpvg45CyRH0VmhjTKKZpZ6/AvS/2Gc7sDz8wYZfmgvcJJUx/iAda0EZuKbon38Jysk2iJ2hIWXt90+XMnK1LO4bZlU0oFCts1GaovwC1w/TuRZaraFPNjYs5r/QzP2izGHNEXGSxwfMYcsA+RAKcJOt+ySzlDRhhWaRd3+IEQgiE0qMWEBgyaxAOF421k4Do/8wMJsUWJzPaoOvwRcJDZaOOV3FEH8eqgmFwZbK5AN5t4qMV2B24fGqINTiRB/wG+w1b4BXwoUOlkSucofrc0D5w3mjdxj0gTt3Xi12nNOHkqFeTFZMsKRRU3QDOHn3ywLz5kWTlS2maaXa+0nn2aCo6Ej2+WgUdNuW+GP8WEs0SBQUAC8+4+gJu7YJNx00MQonpXoU3gP2KXmIhh6HMIJ4fld/mc9CSIznkqHtT8P28o/vnGqjpyNr+NMuy43yr4r0uGyapUDQccYncg4wM5O1BGL2jCW1vCTSgpAhxLYi/YxqKMc3RP5F4yZsZZmUPip2mTtSYwHc9mCHj/ATQSZDTWuArHWGkmuQySsJkLG7HVehlVvyoorMZPutYgtRtq8lqUx9VAReZqqOUC+RMKU3ayLDW13OUlWtSCB2KigeY5HvPJ8ZhXMXTRgswuCqeeprnLOVoPhHvd1vTF/dKX26Rfz+uyqQbsF13x2QGxjivvejARsDxQJymPS0f3M/zvYWqwqRk7RwJleooJ9+y8tPkTye47ueRXBY77IgNrntrOCu9w5gaS4YxB9G9TffmVU2rUO0OZlXHbqEWmwUmBgqtDXDjObRofA0ngFxeLRNnEMfuCGMd1OyeuV0IqVrK8D+YiiAR0tl5KWE3pNlZn1BCQ1fhzLwnwxzlg2KHk7xWpNjI+mUvLGY0kENvLenrZhgzc1IqLzY3vxhvQ/84qaqTo3KhalYbaJX82IkzsqyVKVdHEQIiCdGgxZJA0SfPjXc/NIeHbW6SDw/+vgqF2NrQ935d3/rF/hJMAd7Z5YWd8peWKLFlKvlprsT+UwwlsUJsK78TgXnDXIEE0Plr5VQF4cOea1Pp+AlH9zF++i1i9BftExg4JJTIuhQFu4XDdsZ64wAYRSu1VgffXdBoEg8KTyiA9hkgmcgShGjBLpJYFI3Ee1dA2QFaJ+nW58YLWmdOKTzibO9wlOo2fljAJQLPthq0DVfP32ZpLn/B2xYeaRibu323LPyqRDTA9UPXlUwoodF5XBXM/2xirJTsSlD8SjCiJDnFlTQFyWnJ08Hh/wRcL24QQIFEMEe5jDJoSgOXNJv0Avbsu8E6mS+PwyWUpzsiZTBNLDMtbfiJg6W5QwJkNaWRmoRwG9fJN8P4Pj7Rq4jQEYmjAQQ9haaaTjHz+NLF2hB5E1NTlXfRLSqaAXnpwFavM9UyAkmdHa0lu/cJ8ihXghxXuuH0CANYmYwymMxjJIgEHeE5tb7RZDjLPFQxaFmcjTJPReu5WUFvp+/sDkLS4rM16bOw3r1n0tMgEGoRUzHhNdwgK3xQlVbyVDBssrDMVgArxoC5NRGLnWquPxGEAMGq9sVyjl/JE0L8od9cW6kaG1aEfx8SyqjNSvLCU3gVdUfGg2ik/EcMcGzWOXu3IzfE+SLmmh1dZEt7Pm+tTHBD7fe90fnUWTWSkaTZl9MDX59tHBmG+eDn4KyGIoObnUKY2WOsqfqquNzOu4mcHEzpiULts1YJho5HwoBJu6T2VW3Kl3q8YeXsSn9C0stxlJuF4haaIWfqjE7Z/ZSG3C06WAq7Z46PqIAptlvUK7w/63k9hIl1BRA5SYL7O3ByBGY36dEOrR9we5JA4lkZVwGRgKlcv0drqqPI8hx2NrVX6rzz0fTozvrX4o8Y9XV7tSUwTqjRkhLzd34wQJwpK3oER+GKO10m0njYkLvIWKA6IWPRZCzko9lNfaizQvfqnK/fFJC+Nmfu91VyfcRVRRGFSPjqM4nfDil5bLHVx/ZwUk1UYLo/BfavgaewPQrayqud8T3CLl9tepuu6dXL+g0QoUoXsRYWZtlehJiyzPl3zgpFkDRtH6cfA6CSgENVJcT5sGxxgerGXbTC6UdGZjTbJ1ci8utnk3jbhv07JOcMpM6/6Rk2/YMmvFdD8Hr30qnYgUQoZbGJdFCbYXFSzwEHFqk4bDd2pVTCJiy2oJsB3QyX1vFZsM9TCTidL8o7BfzwO6mGwesLvcUgbgKkKHLXy2dDcAJtyM456hdVu82z3nERclWOT+IffGEb+UkzW7Z9nZsRrn8okEGEPrG1rnHwsmQA1uznoenwG89uBt6X3AQ+kaev0z4Ow9CiMBjNV1/CmG0LsCVlZXO80tbWpzWzEWMgxhAlNzJ+i2BQ5x3jKEKD6f+V/Gs+VEunwhOmHvMlDZHWZWHHAUZhT8UN9qIJaU6riCp6siscHIH8vJb6ooJTEjLMZ+3kKAeu9AyfsEf7BjcN7InzJb2RKVzCDtpkGdv0c5Wu/uANbsi+aeGBxgiSacbj4k7WGnBwaTbYyejW8TPKr/GCkQY0Q1eWauBgZVgTj3ZVXfzvmu/n37vWoyFplum5mVo1lC8UZv/9aA9tULYG2u8pRhASnfWYDYOmJvFEsfxkgVZyVYFQdQ5qKrWNXQS+VcbdQb77aFTmYWMKbRt6f01s8EptkzIBUKLQNWJrG/rF53I/wtrgNXF2XzeaJsO4LK6yoz4rP3kyHqwXg9H+Js+kaoYdp7l3Tozg4DuDUlGlCieRJmKABPIqNStv/KFX6eyLovnMGigTnYmN1S2sOpiFoGwAlSw0EvjGLqCUdITSOyTjpP86MQYIFWPJGPWqL8BNtgB2Y2dXmmV/Bj4XLC6YtphIUsqPrB0euEuPFd0So2GAcFb49U91UOBoFz+RBfgs/jzWwqX2KQMmOAykn5bJSVXfCT3Hcgw5s6zlaZPu1uefrO74ss0clZFS4K16QSbRDQouykIxUPLS4DwQJ8QcCqADKT84I329squfLIR3o5a5m71lUZRZAwJNxZEN57IkVkKWodnrjFNN6Knmg4qlSBpCd0rFecy4r9IshEKClHAvncSp060w/W1ZO/27wqnDfirhXTvntRNgZWl5HUesWeIQTpqtGDG4/3DuMeHSymK/k6n8Ki3+2LcLOjngfgjQkw2gxKm7t536eXBx5voiGozo0DazuOK7gFyhmFqy8tEu8SIVf6ol2ssQkPTGEGoC6BNxvj31BZ+7Ffo3Q+YNFnynYVuWXtzByCW9bD8RByC3bu7GmFM2Byi39+iKISQTkvDre/mqdnYTBSBE3oqueUgMv9WSJ43/xAO2rG4QFR/c53hydKrlT+uDCzYufFY2Y8CYNv3wZVVt2HwelUvit+rog2DkhgnI4bMvZ8peaVJM/7saElCFqY8k/Waw2eIwiVBYtNy0vGlqqW/gzQDCRhd3yw01P+nzW44rLwwcirl/FL2legJmYM1NYkR8ue0aJl9QX2quEKhvwh9SJTxF4QASnFOItmaWULgb+LuSj/EOSlYeSWfqtG2w8KPS7/28DtEETGZW1wpF0cfQpj6Ubj1i4N+/5Vgh5tnTWjpx0+qdqXwBNwEaxpVbHzy/6vORem5qTG4gMKjs7YLhpauVW9SlGeCVZJi0vZl2EkJTgT1iFpq/4f2OYQWOt2Mt9QaJzX/NGIpeD/rtbY/jTk8DChSg9VKYOI2LlDElBWrP6hDRAdy7Mgsquh17ee6lEj7qZsVFxdKKrGaN7YKZylHFQ/9M2mRyjxXMJuRRt4LYfGIajC2vb3ZBGpuFAg0cPCkllowaWOfzXRvAa1LgeSrQOFh2RVVOUTEd/kKO3mXTGll7Je+4DdkaK9Rkucqc/kVQrTc7yLq9q4ppLFWs9juh5FKSq4UkRJZ0xCBASXlqrQa5JElUwFgU2e5UymYewq3KEkLo+/GGETRJRP+6KPPGG3oFYWakge/iGbtauCzNv0h4yOCqSv8Dm8LWQ1UP7/JZ8n3K7TPOIT7gTo0VMc5t02xzl6D+k8wfmuF6DLbxucJEJNjFUrYTpTgARcMScSx+F+Cr2OTDQhlhAbpRCjEYvdnmZFB/k0E5E+rMBRHxNKXOqAvWi3yP1y1dvcQh5sQcMRODMr9e6Wjyg152Q4NaXMBJcej2RB9GzXcLMPvxwAzK8MRsrIjgD0Ez5EAjVv9XPCwfDlospww+8NNP/IdIWt3BDnXQOI5EhCN1VYhiB+q5m/EbOadinE96kPVa/B4wocSVfxInIJYoeKK1Ac+uGHsUGosntOrgrJwNqsqPjvCvYpauf2U00PBn+QJduLMpIU27O8W/w8BLuTqyyGTOywALnwaK2b8AlK0nvgMqJxTaryWBsFGDqU8eMIXFMv8nET/8655mh1i5oi1dUFMq9NDFnR+9MMRbHDlylHgrTDRMrwAetKFCPVmDRGM5AkY1Osr/Hcx87lEvsKAurudmr59aAbwkD/6i9+9p+P1w6A7lTz4L98KE3Ena46eaqMl/A188jdFWde6LABuSGkMTdjdop+fWLoH4bdNtnSgyFRRHpGVfLC1+nFEpaetvW99D6swmw0bV547XLVXpHTc1T1chKvkAd8jM8y6k0tQvxKpDft+xmKt3VAOKWmdCaMPbL8O4MdY0uHg1uXaOizvIqlMiXYyeEFVGdrPKdhQw9FuILUFVPugnvRifn3cbqiazbRiEh+2k0IrbVySgjWRLEmKGLkjjFbPZBJNqfJMd89wjPrFyJycgWJiI8ghRkuK2Toa+lioMCUCUap6fWL91tD+UhDsPrwoARa38G//+osXYHqejK3WUtg8NXq2jGTkkaqSR9xhbbVYQ8LRXpi97mGRqlP4gb3jCg6sgrG0jYYhbhNZRiSsMoKPqrP4eXnHQ/LkSTBC6/gU8M1zIjtxQS8t90Gx1aKi/FEdAMscBiQFb7LQlzXl3S4NZYvYOkfQYbt8jv9XER0pvleUo0cIeuN+K5Vzb8wEzr/pagW9zyZPEtt82zrD5lg81BYQg8N27cSbD2vjt1n+jqYF9Qtxk1h+FvmriKbc3AW/Aj1sQyUUD9RUerFB2k7w5M/PmSLSl12wvdFSCyn7zkXkuwYROejv2sQAEuc4bUGq4T/sK8A8GtOGVGwy6ChBt0eoRWQc2f18HRLqd0L7/1QoVbrL1niERRX05MNPpaflQsRJlNrP2+rrQRBRANdcr3xldAqexgh7FmlQZc6NZ6HPKWaIH43GNwDiLWUgXfZ3RtAHKa86znsMlgQmpHV32s+cgdH7rduNJwgZYf+7oxkcFpa7vcLuz65llAQoLGCnNJR0eGj16Hgr/T8xF0OVkPmiK8IoCpdpDmM8e0I5mH3dPgEhO6jskXtunA8mN3Gca6r2Z+Ohj5FhP3eUwipuGhDpXwaJjFPRIcWkaEMg0FLWcdVJrZfQbngm6T9o2e3O/DSDa1sui2bKhzpJTpvm1rPFX3CQH50rqUzOPF5vkTPcSZ9gD7wC53S1aPbWSeY2nYb/V6PbCTI8gZJSoKLbF42B3DBHASJ48h4kGzq91aCrZEDoIfWqQJjJlI/CJP64LGqWtj6kgV+jlNvtKrcpFNxUOthvOvv0AiptfmDlMKht03geixyGmpc1FIOxmGnb81u1CZod6VTFjYsWWD3/y2UDXOkpICdf4NhSf/WueCFxUu9T5cVPH7iz+f0R034Lf6oQvybZqC8Gzh8smesEFTxAcn5BXC44YfywJ6HJk/fj5wyODnIIsHga9cXemzQOj7ttDUfLCsSN2Y57VHmOcWzXhkDCETLxmAAS/Y6Y6LpZgQEszIWbDOcSeCWdJQSSxeHUbho+fQP1GH3EMvy0zfqWuSLsGJmPrUh84tWZdp6BgciPJvkHd1H4oZy037cp6Kk7MJPRBFUad0+i/QyKp4mssuDkjTdiMQaHFyGgimeklyLRWVdGgSArAOU8aez4mg+MGcxd0EJAIg8foCRp9bd5IokgrTqkXOzzHHGFGtD+j/6C4cx3DsdFXSdK9Bxdj/TTI6tLQjbWb9DBzwqJ0JTouOP5643hIKbhrs+PWsGbWJruPuOTUWuL/mFuubXUqLKwprQROQcit3O/mEhVJqa2EETnZp+CEHl8QlwwMBgekOouWzIgtFIQ5jbgWwi0xdKWvPR5rWD/9up/ADabyGFi1KeBoxpulG44P5YydQ3WyOtR0kpdoVrMFbuw7WlNN0m7y31cpDuJMMoIXnYIhxK9c1mb5Xmf+OfRWvkFb7iyHfjUPKlzzoaxynsOTywc4ZxxDc4CIrEPjVU0V6/jr9kAB2SqoUgna2LjFT5oekMaI09cm/RJnjWW5y5lLYn8u/7FXOZtg3zJgJsKQpvYMj6V/cGEEf0nlz9s/Je9JT9gkkKXvt/KshhSTnzYV/pODLeHIITiq8TDoyLd00ORErZvekaqSgsF5WLBeLUIc7obCp4nXakCPBbfhbVPD7GWFFKmpNv/+w4NNA7Zn8w8y5shlS8BiV/fDXEZj17aeZB4pexVTx7BdEP8EeEevOcXT72Mo3rGTOtaEuom1EYWjBOaQwzrw0h92DRJb4+PsfHo19ERoGnZD3q/4r3OAS4OQ/sEEQhuAJst9H+FWhKElj/iWT4X+7ryLgENwj9JQCtsrgaA5Rbqdk3p0I3HRFwJgwbrBKpyJOYHgyyeJqIUCJZe1YgNXZzfXg1G7fK/Rhk/yx1cuMxX2inAXkWM0KP0MT06elu3BaQaAOKp73WHlYh/FXz7SwNGiv4hAWuEGKQDdAbc2rodfaPWDILaX+iZ9WdcUD2bVo4Wf3iErFwtWyyOUjbZLX5EbqpJRmF68eDu8TI/43Fziy6YXYulhB6ZbEIovgUL8H13yqwsFWzx4cUPoBgVB/6tmpx6cu+OYAeIWlLl/bzpzDJ5EoYsJdgQKAnISNFCGCGUImughn1Wv8g4oDZ2Tkk7XH5UwLkCstII1QVNwacHyt3D1gwvoR8s3J59Jr8eJ8g0ZUg3auHOFZNQLMDRlNjstJhAQ1QqeomxZh7/Pp/6phami58egM9/a2GzfdlYiKoXXep463ekPYPVCcE/7FNdJQWDJuD20JAoawquwQqqK/tsyaspfCqI5A6rPjrDyWLAzoWS7RLFPyyYzQB6hTFPtLTeNyFWNgeA8TGbCTalKp4IatlHifm7CotstDnYLqVloArUZBcxAD40Y9GQzzyTmFYZHABc5tqOWO31G0Wqpi8MWBMbke+vzlmqRErr7AVZcg3uzyuGZHaS4O92+Pxs0P9xhaoBOEycOEE9m0QV3tHVuqCsALS0cMjAZsSouq3BNYt4GmqUcPr93u/k3aS/9oZTvT7CRAqqYclHKyTfy8hU6kFoCrN17th7EzcipT3rD7R9qgqU4WZeuTD6c4kyVmeA5pbpMwM5itQOQS4APATPBZBxSVHjW3RjMLxkZcO2IYZjza8CyEXXYh13+5HluJTT0zA9/077BcgjmbyfwYac1qtcWPb4T9HPcffARXae5mnAKKhQ8CbA+yxZiOfvm31UpoHmidfjy5IEdHof017ur+X/VYQZ2XOIO4So3acw1Or24NBFkm0f2cOL5aTmIKPSNyM7R4+sRziYo2cgaSw4X7DbA1VWB7zHvI37VSie7wgnWJTm40BZBbENpBok7AbZoX0/r3Sq9TCRjU7IR0tnpWH+btLXYFu87jt+RNPygadOzZaL2FLD/GAo4UsBFORxAFaz1tAp3r+wOMGoLLU9HCgqi45oJ0G5Izo1847Y2EpQWh4rr6d7kkcoxSJWH/oWKuB7Z8AmYNh2ic6wcFSdmPNWPcL4Mnd2z0sz1OF12SMoWbZR2NtHXkcJrXZj3U8FhjlhX5BaiHUyWT+DvdHeyU3gJUwdWaxbQSKj/TGzk0LnUEu/BaoQ0mf6xK46KOmcXReToHKjMkkJMYHIE0vyvUdkkPPL9hrialCuYGunllLU8IB299JCYuO5VQsZ9Xjm1SmGKRQ/2h0THHzuGEOrwG7lxrUS9P9OdTO4heVxfGtlpx6X58/yud6gFZW4Tw2UUX3LHOofa+rwn0VT+1NilbDuLvQPOV7XbZKnCmEHSwR5XknZLrURKzQhWArVTewwHsGJ1+ucR0eoNrabseCms4H94VViDqBoqo+VfEDc/MaRISZ10HK7xFpw4qywMKGmQL55Gx82FaCwrPk14O1Rs9ye0qYwsHilgIbQA4TFulFo2YYnuw705YIKvj2Zyg+y71gg7rRo8DQYU0sHDSX904p67FtmZd40/Yq0uZGUbzk3Rw7Zrdjr3mccI6sVPVVr4nflUaSXkbkosmKgrjYRFcXqRscM2lxZINmHCbJ3kKzgUT9+uhaCd62SOaH1JY/XqNHkoMJNliDAsHPYsBiWm4oq4PXlRRGaAfPDqdZCZB/IcyOB1NCtTDVTi2pUPcEDMiXIiodsVMsGKyM0HQKZPuozAMhtbU4RYi96w2VVrmQX3GLc3NLTx8gkg8jqCdpSfnoyCI2C8mfekcDdtJBY+B2zuRVhDJQGdvdVvT782rG33F57c6A+A3Wt+/JtDKfPKfJSKOHg1DYjUfxycUlBKMfNmgYZBPC4CPS/rh42R2KjDFrdoJ8mnwLoPyl4vLSUEEBAvjYZITP5C1PJSuIMYiGyqfl3AoqMin2z80r1cCVZuQVgVj4X4Uy9BMotUrYoM/xA/GA3BzQza8wQvdxJTQeCA3z2popy4qs7zEpve09XfyRb1U8xbyOl/bsMTX8RZQHtj2gUbu/cnW3mom+2nszGWDMz7/HBMlPzSWhWk54URlhp6rEwgNKW4oTciKx3UEu2AwbMz7EY1CKItju0zJpe2bA72FiUFKT875ZPwFejTN/ibp4lyHMpkWNpXf0ml3H6Uay942A97t9Qg3oIzqppKXHrSAwikbUhAQkZB+k5Tkrnjl86BK9P1tm5VGhb6D2BhBQO59wOTsHGBDOtf37ps6mAKJYjs9LWL5vOjQFfkwgQdhwfkfq5qZwl8J/bjLwGd42FsLZDxNj4ynzgeGriKR7dNn7fA2o3cqAAH6YVF0DtuHAxAnOkFvWhxdS+spxWmAWFaePAZ6XNNtwNfvy6AOmNKwAZvb2PFJD3Ob7IupnoYCWR3GwhzqDNCnolcBnzwml8aMuczrkfh/wI8gVigh7Gdx3ZdXNm7qliPEKcLeyzb9xdiVEcUTw8n8KVrUf0MqRFnaTRG5cK+dHZWKisVWJ5yyGH9nMKukg/I/M0G9BWG9FaVGwMEtY9/cHejonUIXs75Llt3rXl4Yv6fO8UrHnAARvEdft1nO5lT+bkKnNGDKgck6PJpuxTJQgnrb17Hl6j1Yn9LeC6n9By9TzJVyHpK6BvdVLK/cc9yIg6ezCVaIOZXIXjZyCgdGBj8mKFvvDkxINcT0w0Kyj04cRmQtAZHepfXfTB65r0JmgQ82RGQGzRFuIDic42tdgYzV1G1XugxWDhOGsoNl5dYxwPtHlSPnQRBP2k99gLAN95jcAEib8h4K0sSPrQIjxWoJ3SiHHjU6Oy5M1RqZPERiwYROuUEFrYK6fumL3VTS+SsIievu10eA/pO7AcQdMpxjtTZzxP9UceGpvWXrhlQNvHW999NAzQUc5YsSw4dkxwHYgkuT5kOG9y1bvFufL3g82/X5kAQH+mIF7m8x4aJU56wWPqa3NacilpZeOToyDHWc4L+Aalc1+nFvmAi6NbkEKGJyVNWwJ0XlDaussWjLIkME/3sBlhdnieOtNfTZiD2YT34WQWnV9S8oAaenhfq33TB1Jad05+TmSYBsF4GQLSS5uf6g3f0y/CdnEEHosl0pZ0hxu6JaRrOCjACDLmKT9YreQsSLnuOPJTjK6RhAvg1fnLhhhrj+tBWMI0rUqQvQ3Gd9tW2c3Mq3iRVzYKBp+wv6DAG5A7JmURhUWDzeLX21LKUmTApp3vNZ7spW7Zw+g72bwM9QfmdmyoY0FnAqdK8yD3EPrPQn6BTO2F8tFj7m5K68c/10jJFmRBE3SohDEdr6sKazVjNfSQJJ7NfjCH2HoUlNzxMiJTFOGRDKthwICz0AlsvdZSH/dg0n/b5FSMn3mv9aDJvlWivDbtCWL8aPXxnpI35ErIWdYP3hh1KWeL/xi5E2Tf9e0CV07ciUZYSxDNvQMf4sgxPnQFMEz1m9WGyPJvIq6IK1YII2efOh/Iv0MV3CEtwXi4hDPJJbhokbW3TPGH+9D/b+AsL3IzR7MPNcNEf3D1ZYVcZo2+ZOFPYBxgag3LnlcZhmfo/lQ1/HksBsPMJjbPJph5v0IOwhRJU12JwztA3LbDCs/GvJoD2vF0NYtNdtMWwpF0dPTxvhCNKXI6BFxvsDr4OQ0UCAqVC8OnaIaIcDzqAlKjg91B5NbbyZ/iaHjHgp+BGAEnUBYfpweIvx2+yvQSmKTgXCKYiuk/XmKpGfQqJFdEuXGFygYAkXYxSW/TJHMxuQgS7Po8IUDSye0nqa4gjzFDAXegg1GGlBE8Q2L0m/fw5x0T8CHyZCnU+LqU5V+cnUjyRyL93h3WtxbD09nQHdp27/Na8Cu+ZZRsWVl5XRKZr3yQjvGGFqrOE3rrrEQ271rVqwwVN75sX8fm0cBIZ9VSUfdIpGMM3FTodADMl1FzuGmHJ4c4UqzNJYtRlp+/Yp31sVqDJl7aj+VghfMcESiPLs4rDJ8/0xtZVHDWEsurCG+TJMNkH4duE36xSanJlciWdPQiZx9bE9WsBsVlEogFd0plotL6SdNjA6hoJRDOjIUFyLxZhfgxDey0UAe2QAMfgHOHZjAUUfbU/XG/WDUXuQ8EiSQXbBKcLdXpcviTr4Qt4ZA8AblpF/CXpaRj6TwoJn1BMzgM7PsgJwJ0fn5YJML4MKuegobRY1uyNh6w5HcxDRzcfhkyLf6sdxr2OMn2R/8IOlWq35M5du2p8MZKGhBDNRQPb9U4eDj7xJ3aILJt9LhiQuQFoNlHypMyn9CBtgaF+W1E2RY79mX4MQdcVAsuv3DpKRHKuZJcQ+vzDYkhBzfXs6+6aG5snZfN2y2RIFRJKYH7AfLK7PKEKdFNZGKXSmU4xpWz9Osi+I2/Ak/kel51RGCI0mak7Ui1LatpIooUX7Co0URY+tvC7Fb6EnmZHmZ4WZUnPWq62Sa8rPtmyAyYRHMA7eUrAcqQscJOlIQDGXBdXgT3qpuOhjcvc7/YEFZYkBRIma4j8f3gR6WfuO1n2eJbVYVp9s3b5NooAGTwc2HHy+Nm4w/q5GDYVwQzqO+YXNNWF/MAIDViKLFjiV5LZafBvwXMHBx6jA9kauCrjzMtRCpdkrGhagjn8TODzIUCShlRFEqe1eCkXjyZtWSrboJiTQCrTeXm7MW6EDuMS1vkS+HGoIkQ6aWugp0sr/kqvPUhNHV7ypplx0a6i6XGHFQCuX0Ef+WAYygvkTsprubNfPEraFZGCWnvFGeWHALrsh6dmUzLnGj8FiI/Ca1OyW4/3tFyjdnBMpBvDGpvIXWo2yGRpY7tLcPpzLyid2hjNmHc73FW44D1LbNx0WAsJ1M/JTHBustAlXFvu6ItPfIwqYl2Rw+GH9RN2tIMrTw2ZzqHXNWUBFhWPZ7t40DJQzpwGHUX1PQnid7j/TBa0XGJElNtSiv+V4mQS3QcFbUsBoF8ykAqPFDXXkP+JCWIeZueNNk5HWJ5MVZ5gjhdht+QOaK1iWmdsK4kSi7bcfkyRIHyNhGi/2QXIYs8qPnBspII/lqq7a5NuOqfPaBVYoccgmowYYCDIm965cgy0wJ+Mh/NfW8tvsHQUS4pm6J1o8bkLS83+G4EhyQG8IEEYkq4JNzroF8LV/uiukT/kiwwQmbJ4hBktmxi3tU8GALCie3o5lM7pVoabGNciVxrdHf11Cr08Hp85/Vv54EmnLl7+XT2ypZXcLGKzm1wkpSU3WAHYGuf+PHuXzenFScuryucSQPnrDfYeWlbboCP7nB+Hai/AJc/5xhkKm9DOiDB6RTIWct2qpuywuE1dBp+sIf9Jc8hTZ/9Tlrbnqb7wSi9saFC/2PY9UcZ+U1JQ0kdf8jeQUeF1aY0e5MCMYI3F22HMSwlspP8AV/JhLauUugy06TiVjNexFQc/soPyvnYQgZmDK7lgD/kDkqFp7rJfRJi8G/A2KSq2DLYNlLeveGOe88FI/8GUFwGMitbCUzw+QONWG53UEGwzUDUkXGzDY/IuJ7/bi3xw6VZtYfEl7Z0CIiMto2A17SPKiikNDU9rIfU8EeTfwKSASt1eMpPCB9BQBdQ61yViLFqoeRkURwAzC1SuCGVwhqczyn/AEEvAMUFrIQHKZGB4oHTeuMoM6Icb4jY3eI1llZfU1Ms5z2N7Mw/sLnpjmxooHPN65Jlqlkk+j37O5MyxQlj28gk9kuWTuXfLpIhLCb8yHh5OwmS+tfQQtEDL8ynfA0elwOGpnNCgxsAlB7oiHw85j5xVZx+PaWyZ0u8k2pTEMPspfDH1yq68jFutosc4AycY8oQ3hx2Dbh1mCff10w/4VtQ61vMy0xbLTFCInlAvJSDGHg9syhn6SfMgEadNeI0wNkYQ1nZmouCnvgdXDCSm+wA+1uGRflG5nL3fKGS1/lRxklhdMPnkEFJShz5BqJwpq7zDql0QEP3rU30huoaRpPT4vMeLSOh8HHyWR3HulbhAGoPUp0DafkObDqgQLhkgV+2JyDVA66csDFy1v1Jh8nFNWfys/kchbqJTx2cclEcAKL6yzauFs4LmCWwhbGUeTkoQi6r1KArGTdnEL5n1ZT7Udp2Fn2linDJvUKyi1Ecelb2y1rtuHj9R9bAs7B8k3dc/G2noRON8kpEDvrwDMLQAGGJlE5VlrUhAgbgJRmdogT4ULS0tIMD7pypCi1a+j1A0konxx2adniSfaxNzEP0P7M3LG/SyiZEUFZMd8OyJ7Zog9TAchKyXRAqamZJRFnpa/Qd4z3UzPPavy0KLrYmENII6XgA9Qi6LQqPq9UddOx3roaGLy9yJNJoagfb5a4wURteAMlLytGPYuZCoJ5z5FDXFgTx51Eq4+0qmnjFcHgbSJ/hnnLMTkgljijfpHAcQqHVzmLtRpqCR/GOEk/gPcB+LhhoT4WMphBD6j/8mdEpDxK7aNuspKqxjEQocJpSmYZ2ay6mIuWmc2YLfJLn81Q4GKcOYa0gZwuufv5rg2FgIKoWqFTMDgaV+n0A4AcwmyiUe7oaYXN6AR2+vAOkZWXEHGgm22Ib/KVnKMntOJEbfwNqYVsVR9B44zTMvYBZlLeXdl2eLaAFEmOUD6WhfUIHpJPKffMRF2FxcqcgBbxEIt3O0R+h40V7nNe+YYSYmgJI3go+1rSKhF0CPGBBtH4fEpE50Jwe7ZTYJVlXrj/bo92qaserLNoJin/Oi3zwkuRJXohO9JrWcpfeyEU3qswNid3Rrp5dtBAdHPPVT5DuxVBQL1R7VJejgTGcN9h2musG1WlQ4vZ5JWq/MqwYFwQhzK6KW3LnewUYHugRvtaIUv39Ao3dICLYcFP/5YJleBv4wtlgzfyv0OBA9xh4Btyl+McNqvVc4CYQdxVDmF4gM35+mcLBXNxKRBvxYJcIUrJw8X5VpYakaQMStEyfoM9CsbNY+stPpW6Hb4WNxlaWlD5Khx87iX81XKJQ8bZaJII3tn7TvO2spQorIWfvI2LThJTEhh5NgsLkrPwB0JQ3ziIRi4rRriDOcW1MtBc+AYlF2KF0gqTBpQ3aXvlphf5lq+6MYDpwzREC4CufPgDFRjmHOxup781fAup4c7NmMk9I55knwtUTwsjteDuBaSM3dsn72yDW1sAK+azjgEQpQLHSoTm7t4WJoQSkZbc+pM3UwqYAx+ZL5kywTdYzTkgoFEAdag0tF2/qyZj4XH2IqrH/jdi2znedLDSlBuYwKa/G/juJfuUMZoaQfPTf/FPCEncdxKrAxDO7sHhljPUAqe6smS6AYbK413Shr74/3Et6sSyiX+tGBAuJQ2Y1GwgDxVLyNg4phkZo5z5NZy12CX5JSTQ4HbeMX/XQp24o3tyT5yOemBWTPe9SbrnIm5WF8PVU8bsHOnQzUOO9iXd/QjTuXBZQFYwHhSmHtSdvYU+vsXqylygcFNf7/81AHZjIwqtvZ6yvfKcZXUwAX0mOlRhVb+NqqNdOEwLIR3iB78BlJK+jq418ehIpLM/AttjqRnHvvbjGJUpqr+UGkScT6uvvXecGSZpgfM4WgyytUOQaoY5D2eZWXtHvQgHzzKZSzMdUVANytxwbkA/G1TB86hnzLrigUdTwuQ6xihf5Z5hUS7XSAOzzoc7q87mAPiBlzKkHhgQne6bG7LeMtFUMa8buS+V2ei46H8w/ZzqiaKZhmToV9gFv/qvJlM6V6gR8kOx4eAn1wYNfpWdsIijLA4KmXcFWCzIDlUR2yQOythI3xvPkgbLspUMgGPd7y9wRAtS3Ded/PfkIUY1XxrX01w7jPA88tpAcOFHvdk7PfmdcbNbDrCPJGKk/SUPNdH+RSWYcC/N3g/xiBL2SHbkjtR8xIyMQvvw7a1LtHQ4AV48e6JXFX4PMatPBzMjZWMK8D4iQBYjwzno5Ic6lgRSIaWg3tUV+PJPZVhjOP7jtZdxa0f1l6HqC7S4l6WC2kYTWPLC0+UaYvFuVneecms9hvoz9IIA0x3+gPiPWklOXXH3K0rs/hI+wIbNUKkXQAQ06+pmbCQ706NwNoCApugy5VXFhp6QSnPF28cA91IBKAJBSpj/sFVaKdA/YV0Ao0IsKU5vOyyMXxwhGjclEK7uV6xU6AdRmXhMg15+eUWBc3WGBy7uPyxCje+J0SagRv2SJTJM6t9MsRTv3VPVBHtBmyTRgCNAvY6Q6OUIYAFsLXH4r1ucKkOusmViwIy6KXt7KFRSmK8N1D9xOW+L6iQoVwHkUEC00IInc1Dn0f5Z8SkuvipkazTTKIHSTpLI2hkoZ7kAmQV0lhzZC359WL1N8QwAeC+pRc8/jupyMqhLsK6f1mvmwePWX6Op0TDks+DRZKU5Y/aXa26CnAgNA2Ji0UBrZX0ybMbjCI6KdM9Ck3hGIktPHUNRunmkSWWHaTRBSzWLfgc/5STKI5cUk2ChOCkwLu+xLWAECpCjteQbWP8rYOLEIukSwl55CNUOCJCOAQTDzaZOA6YG48UjEwRIqyEIyN3iIFIsPnLvFRrqOFmJUfbz1aXSq5h75ESGEUdJxoy1Ipr/nvUK37c7uEnYdr4lV2mtHdwPW44aYaMQ5SF4ZcQ8w9iR5wmmOHoOJkW+NDX54Ub/ATsPzs+/NwTVNwNNHW9FYOiDfMxBUIt2xhQ61GAsCS7B4N2wKinljYWB/CJjMSCAdF/w4dPK/wRlamiUmE40UhDpMEGMXDBF/lkkggI6HYK2G7zdiaPGOz8IpYpTf5YjI+G1m4TIM+WAgzK0QeBanMVx2GlMUmkAIDkZEOvjtDJi/6oCicWxb5VGt1p9GUXxaxxf/tK+pr/4yMP4FXo+kq/3q8rkXjfdlfTsuQxJnHM8BLwGw3BYqJ4Dgb2G3sYCj07QHa5/Xhz+9wFt7ZSKFg/K6qsMCV+bIIOmtE10ClnTKKdOwk9njA3hasOmRarkcYvDeiSlEMrUCIs2SQeIGHPXEFKsKLE829N3zP2UcHUO31jcUcbOFqtAIVQ08yyfRG5ib2v0zO2+QFm/tJahyPQOIq1Q/Q3tn4ocnz1HcsIeYjkBhWhaQcKlcyoouo8A7ynikuspz/zLSzb31JLumbzsIMRHV3ShT6ATu0ub4mq7slZzOFvP04I13Rj3IiZJsguMLB1BI2azulr/WO/ty+EMBx96Gu+D0U3gy7PmkvIHPVGPbMB99qC7g3YDFm/NIu+jHKvVkf+BtTYcoFTHygoXFJx3EnGyv2h73PjW5RSwzLPjX73S4qYsTgnqdN3JKKowwwd84DLB8d6EDvDNrrF2gZ5jk7QeolMEhYY8EIUSgHp2N7Efzj9IMPszvCCZE2USeE8VAC+XwENV9zA6SHmCLHH9e2EuDp9fBt5BuiLpXxK5CMuwCFSrVd+LBhZk2BtEbRmbBXjQOIKpxj4ddPOfThiS2GNMFhDBAd6amhITsvwKHDJ6ajc19hlAIUUElD9+JGyWPm2HG3cukdGi+gUZqDeMaYVYMfFnoDvrEFVHQhXOKLAJR+nIJF81oVln8OJzwD0fE5waPJ7z9EYqZK0VAFgCY1U533/bE1WzdDysLtHXMCWbodD1jiN7WBRtj0y7e/9CcjhjC7IxK9uiVHXTfPhLIejvMLCciGhds+jcZisbCqlnVG3q3uUFVtN0Gw6T74RlmJ5YpziCxmc/1AOnbZZn0hLVxLAyBgRvMmWd+wG8Xemdfh2+7+lmRr6aTuntVBoYBxRI8FKVbUam6o5KeS9j4QRdHUCWk2sWUy5G0/fqgSCEBVF1jGAd6IuwOXO07DiEeFwgKKDr4RS8z4D6dLFzsIyFfAMagc5J6c5PkPelIVFCLxVI1HVQ4JcCS1Za2QguUiNLYZHk+Pg4RXVYGPsy4XWIjfIaezqh2DTvvN3OSTRMP7SgEKi245FVs5nATWFqzv+BG73A2NGGgs8oeQQKKv18ARFflPqhE4lEiKIIlUIjS2ocoEOjgz8gvmyyGgBh9O5A/5uS2EqBAJkrukGJEX78sTSH84x3dW7n5rW4PjQ8J7VDW4u3RrcMGb1/Ao9AIRxqFJfKKNHRDzQMb0kSAnaE24m9FK3mAYtEt3wMywAhrEJ2CNIV13svWcs8Cx95AejDNupRMdkOIk+QCGI3B5WKJWW2m6t99wj6JINQAVhLHws8V3Ws6hR7uzF0nXLTiwDiIVxhw6dJNqRD/JjxWMsEc1+cGawCRYl+Vya53PfGIQnKctuGtECzsISKe9BaK3PW4y+wX7djo4j7zi0Q2VHujtPcPSuP4e+2JIRlBrA1iHMujiRC3cdA/g/bpe9t/cGOUG5GvyEVQiN9vpIL4FMXBW1gfbHCmB+bruPnZ//3CVYyhAFQpGK0xTxp0WFta2yCEbiP1iQ3TIRQt7n862+IhXVtfR1BkGsTpOOA17SpkwD1vyyVhxF8Cj+XbGCfGVp79hYMGA0///9AqahjkZJiwyzk2WCobsAAwC2gcC6AHiNoRjepSPlD+fys8dFgR8+Ftilcc1/ufKOC6iyzxn5hSTOmKvRoMrBXxGkXX2Fv/k+ltOQE2KP5mF6H9jQ9yO54Mr6CI8WF6ymR/6Mw4LkLtAC8nEvyz2Imh19CULWjjhMddoG7MPv3YqTzUNhZi3qzZm5y+LA3B7chudokOJlt7TMGUlohS0EAGkkkthBOunxFxUcKxF/UHsqw3NhJtfCuTnov11dG6/CcpxRPSCnGO1mOy3fIYpKs806RSYOgbeBpgqog91SWzuU+IDyEdVwi0gc2KcGneSh8L7UeFC7PO2aDmIJE9Zfl4uHXPs8JaZOfT3OZlLRL56E7wUdAyLhfKK/YgBtw5JOsG7siw4loxPknJFBrT4reUb6eexRJm+e26vZoOhYH3wYS2AvPbijQ0jbjSLcp2o4YIz5MMBtYuZ9UPLsOVCrWRoBRU/jClrqI+ZFa7Uk2Ls34Qz46WusBAXeTHWTaCBubqatkxPT+UIY2KZtVmX7AfzaToU4ntBy5Z9bXGEiiTtK7YULOfIxCa3RvOhMNJLOqVgVFIE120CEsjPZ+Q2W2xtYv0nFEjXwKNUSHEP7Zn4vPvpr9NgR+qXORZGxqJe4gkWrCGmwzpLKFvNg5rBXlT300Saz804JfUVC01yG46gpEMx4kj0mEY1W7neU6BW4Q3l9sgKx5HClp3thJB1Tq3oGsktdlikUKOU9dd6teX8+rmP8qv8kgxOh17aZlVc8vH+V+aYljbiyBYpqolxIlkomOklAICe93GJUfPD1CUM9bWHoQ6Tz+BpguPLfxldC1iDL/kahCAKwIaWK7zh7dJh3mmEZ9OTozcS98A4wISvBkVcyUMV4Qv1gFpZW5ACAGMjH0pQxM7BoiWnlzKdFwjKbQASKykQSdEbnBdC5HV1BrFwreoblm2pu0RQl2yb550mvbcZOXpkVjpnu1Bgj3dPNa91Z/s9WfoXEsRl9EIjQtIjB1VUJoX/wZq4PahJieZafMbooALE3cI/G/g86vF1MzdRWxkzohrXl8ID/kQe+PYDmAkqVUyGmhztBkvhY+rZi5kxIHwlHcKns/eUcmjetl+/YREu4rsd1aXcayCSePrKnhO0ZWGlPLb1fwL9Xh7egKtZaubyiHTY3ck3CMcoWqUawSJqS63lRTaHHagIy+pQIENuNE1QWJxwGUf+ASvEXk+gNS0jCrItXej4L2BCeTgpbcEqfSw1gAYGcU+3liwir1yr/bUmJ+8VOJHBsGmz+MptLblTuWDdf9Sqhr6YU9gpBAsaMBIIxSkmAsUoTOhlm8+hT7Of6Crmu5JQXnMe8IU+nLoDnM5/UHr6ZLoD+9jx6eYtsTZbppi3AuCeYvgGbEsXKkxq0e4RTLxwI1/wsRAXg9giQNeC9Ld1TDXeCeeeuO+c3FVnpSB6MBPrQjqu+bLpbirJVMrNsirKThBPrH5/Nw7qAaqQMdVeDSK468nHZsVEy84dQbl7C2+99rmuAgMa4eiIkEoOZgwLKKXSIjmcVCQbwYU9PAU6OwVLrmLE5IdtA5eYnegwZxzk7D33Hcu7nOq5Q4Jh2hLJ40Hlkj+r0pmI1pxyRBy/tgc9R+iv29U7QuRhsokHnRqz5UpGi+bY5phicWb+qAWInhkmcASnEdLIVpOklG+iycvNB3KE0SyO1BJYpXtzGRgI3UXUN0ZrVm3PcjaNGj1T8OiNwVI3Z7j+7Y+TK+m2Q+e4mMvdgUSkw/NmY0lABCuIE5WkkBugzUjdFoJM1qGULh7RjgKflcKkE+3DZ0hlwNRElU5io4JujBtsJWiim2EluComgTPdBIMjYnKtQNo6UIT6KZLMmo+m90vC6ke4osp87oZXiB97CcIe6TQ+V8/g6LCVC1ilrEn/ldUwgNs7dW5oZFPOgJfaHYZdSlLn1RB6+iySOHn+1hAdMKLWbpC5uLvAU7Te3v38P2V+Z8dlyfp+VSwEkN2FxYCfA5UCiq4TUMXmKyjzLmJ1XxQnmTVayYGm6ZsdEDlJtugRT/C3bxZ5wzOGaIcBmvD7f5+udFjiWF9scsnIImcPFLIx1bVmNHzQmtxMKEPKjtAcKFk605qzOENGN7sHsvLC8trofvXI6VCju4Z/RKYmd2NCyQ8CN4uWT1KyDSJHEv8s+B7/1scga000W0JMCRcnmxwlZ96yXSzXTO4qIOse3Z/BVZviRVh8RZJSzGZKzhZXolV6ShX4qBEUTUGSkzEWselArrnbH+xtHoGPTWKqUGCw7//0oFmFjkbxVcId6Xg7vzwHi1QtfcNi9FmcIhK+v4Gip2Xclpxhp1tv4+DTyEm1+n/8j2G5jTKTCqvP5sevOV7yG2Kvt76MGa2OPZwXI2xC3aul2M28wKC2Ukm/veUg8mlhjBZUuQOevPUfnd2gpU9a8GwAH+PrS3kKKgSuJvJCiMoAX2vtD6CSITp4eC6on+cefPK0U686dHVNrm2ReSa2+LWN4pEFK9xUzQF2CvFKnFrA+NEaA6+pSj+aJG+48e0P5G5E/fhveWaXGiUdw10kXzpzuQ/gB/2r0c0fu7P/13IM6V4AJvZXuAgiddAEtXEb62E9LnVXieOKDB/ZpUH74ktbzg/QSYNvBAcz4PpJ8PS6kwchECkXm9px2Rn8/HfxYFKLvaQiRcUHWCD3dBmts+Ptt/N06r/n3+qutHRsicGMY6AsQaI+XrVaT4I0DrUGf7wRbrhgnT+cYzTQD1PcJ+OXKtL7VxGL4rpB/g3P9QmP9GZP47ix9P86AgR5cUd3WrRSOKtSv3/36d3ftd4wc41dtRCNSrflsJvdCyX3Nb7rNIs/uLUUZ/ad5i6QPQqRsN6NcNTYMP0APjez+Sobi5dCX3osXNXOCW6u1Pcyul2jIywfaLf77K7xNScr/j5tf8vbjUMD7c5+L77npTGO65u7eg4isncExC/7pEPyakW1c+pVRRGXpkiISvQ6wy9NMKSS+E2GrQX6MIErgvY0v9GOnshtJRDeBxLHeXZgwj4KN1oNuAu0w5BrkAywKpQXzULgBcw/iZlvM6ls9I6Qg4pMvxjZ73K2AaxkhckPY5kTT6WDZ+nwfZ7mPW2WPr78NGbxjxGvYuNiz0NrwwjfymhL/99fwCSh7VOlog0jJOBzgGO+JmihLEJ56NHtCioxt3+k/cZa03+U+3gsklXzfT70B4z1xVGzGRMvKbyMRAvrUku9RmkcQXA3+LuuRGY85gcjMDI6L7Dd9IFsx/JM6FlBbwHwOgA3wDhwP2f/Zr9fJxMCDYKGOJEYyRea4dZMFBhAPGyDxTlY5jW5c9/V3CDVbbcvqVZrpN6TbtG1JbrWZ3UkC91VSzt7Sxfmv5MurmT3RMFK9RzlJOKE2S/AVF17WHFZiPkzNQZQBmw5J5Q1WsKEIVhO66QZPMrJl/gy1tq+N11dPGta/Lt1TKJrc45Xa9H/XC8ZmIcuk+dQ12BDuKr4uNOtaNPmtPl7mFeuX5hYlyfKLsI0sSe7Uu6Wx5tPfnNcqR4+OIMPJ+gIKNlsxbAogqNEM8YPm1rX9LZ8zSUumulUJ4+R5X27LUsVYtUf6fq+jS/wYEsUtyxhBWMg8HbRSgCxKdMDLvfdPg9vogr+/fdPjoMFHYVmaX1GFHrZr9dQgJpv/f6mzZ00qHfjdPHcl8pjtvfnluV91v1/yZh3TM3DWXfpZaFzt++cr9MKKgCfvDOjntXUEoTZKw+2vVhYyNEipslECRJAUoIkhOqZ+eG4B6kjRxJfOOWPKK+RHSZ8aFiAXxj3FKBKDEAnym2JJ5IxCSgxlTCNjRzMzPjJQSCzI1OKPBjlT0JY+IcSUk2QICLEiBJQqZ0W4QC4I9alTEuBgR+LDBjLGSeT98IYDMQ82oPBbEEuWmRTEuCxZoFixQpMwLAokJnFJPYMm86j4z/SQW5KXEuCIvwphSgynGnWAKAZCBQbLXbwvRBoJjXz5Tzt2auGUlzkuKlczrMSQInCFBFGGq4WiJlf4HDhsxbosfDDQghi2yZJ5QlgQmCTW2Wr16D5wiLx92CV0HRuyUKPfA0REyEzOygBg3RBJUdDAmkkDZWFkh9ZTO4UZt9R4w2GuGdXTOlVMNB2eK+ZoxxHxsYlwHhRY7RTqgtIhFnBvEOB6uZN4PW0geRHDEtXrxffl7fup1COy0X9dfHqtVQTqhNEl6MVG6vpJE13FitBCCCjpVJPln+7VxfildjjU4Mkun3/O/a3Dky8dl8YPMGiqIcSXzfMBbbxhu8FpKIbQ1S5c141wA5jO9O16taOaBpn6vq3obZwbm40ywTwzBCRhS5hXgACowwRGZlcybcqY1K1UuIe3PufaV0vVtH5pzs4GYz8RzOoK1tq9e2Tuzg1IYc0+tDf1XnoKmfy3n3PzEfEmZB0RFp4ormYdFZoRHlCAa2rfS/7LwzP2tWelQdo0/brqA+UzxTlwtBnJDgqm6tHeq/Ero952yqq0/bsaA+bgeWMhykD8wMm8CMAzxA4wiCWkH9rr+VW3N+bN2va/Pv6zJRObjlhRxxgBSU5AyzwYdRBkCCyBS5m3eW83Neq/uecjkT7vO+I7/pbIwP30iEaWz4y2t/jpkPifKrcE6nO27UWfvi7ZX28qrUknGOiN2uWSGiE7PDvpzpgcFtANGJUGwroHUYJmPQyE/6Vo7YWReUFIWLJSQYOX7o8xvs/Q8VLco8WQ5q4uubdnU5VKHvS5jfnzbOon5TD+p7SCNZvzfecjl55VRR6fDjmheetNVxLeBqsR8nBW8tZECzJbMc0IHiS9UO1wqXbftl8P6MLYTuefYuC/LNzlXrlmXLmHNKiFoavpNTcjxmWB1q1Xrjin039qro2CcLYe3BV0Lu1E3pL2nYL/7qGEDx8fFNXCObk+WzNtsoGSNEhk1528JvHwm7JfVo2aGl4/jgSXzfID6AkkQeLb3d9iiVrtxgxv1gflMsdqbWzdKCXGoaCEDGCI0WTJvZwgmK3TRAZd1WXjjJuR41ojdVku/qdV6g3Gb0n3RlK6DsOiQzGei9z97tpXVNWsQ5wynXb3PLB1fGG9qeJD5uAf84FJGCXKgJfNkQKHApARGNqulUPJ6C7/3kO3HIrmhDy8fl4JS5YosCICUeVyc5Gg1QCJL5lWPLt3aIuopCkiI/5fobuRccH02RBxIyjwXVOAJHjV8oMN4N5jbg2TDam8cAvNfW9780CWPmiKYjzNC04MHhPGCLZn3Q5ceJAAIiKvmaDVpdUqA+Uwl2rLVqCPKsnq/3j+HSBpUDqDyIocNZCgRBRLsqPZWHVpVb7a2jJ7f1pYPg1jZNXTrcKrSURvGDRZpt618v5p1zaC8gvY2zduaL5WOBtLApj+lgzxsgDxK5bl2dVsfdnStC0Wli58kx2eCdd4W+1TdIBghrKMsWb1OHdiJZh4qVRoirwCSx6rrP+1GHabZCjXsqAbYEa4TzuwAAuXNr2o36r62ylLWzT641qbwKxACAODjjFCELJknBQvK8EIsS+bBjppay8qtqnYHmqqtPrMReWw5qXSqniJUuh9oYs0Y6RHSY8SHB2hHtdvtkw4cn1fvewRmh9IkaebSDs4fPQ/NdA9NX359nuhKUJok0RCVst1x88tlkYbZOsuomzHSI2QHtlcI9OjbDjT9gOH4uDJagBI9oMQaZOjgHVIQv66bPWuWegelel6+INqt2kZdDTE+fCBlHhEjPSciPyeY4oE6pxliR35QUJok7QD9EPk5lVI8RHR6fn5OphhnBooHJ8YJIWQMIigJAZfMa8XgijSQgAEZrfYRAnv8HjdRXj5ODRqSiAhxSJmn48ULPqjiw6JlHQ5h051WqTqso1AHkfQWvhnnJoP5OB5oAHeAoQksmedkxygKIpLk/4kvy13XXbLO6PnUxctnIso3W9e719mwY7t6BbebGy5ePg6NNb4ichlImQeDNCIAgzQiQO13U1kd+oTS83ceipHC9+m35hjAfCac+3pLW+vMH21ujID5uCQ3WZy+SGHJPBOe8MR84ACkzLPtzaKeh8D4lvX+/n6r5+mamWW/4ad8iPlM2TqmXmTx9Jc/jXJmFoxTgy6vVeUfAoYcF/iATpbM43ZIYQoXIAAp8+rEcqo2uaFgdVvtw46E6rQt2zTGO101VS0p/SijrrGWvfZq1axpPw9B7UgIYD4xMg8ETwxwxQpEXInWocnlJi3Mz2qxnEbUFDAfnqyWlc63Kk1rGlhHY9RlO/+FsOfcAIUF2BEtSMq8FDwwQxFcrJCUebCjSqW7stqgrpFGBr1migRTjXXWlripddmXkAZA5ot5SMKOTtAk41+XErJkJSFb/J9Lecjl7NXtOrOd2vsPmxNkPi7rAoclQMjBZUSBUEPe/Fl5yOUGo3TpVyfo5ZM3+6tXn4fsC+XEy8dFGYLCkRrULZn3RIcPQE6wKoyzao6ndK1JN6zRub21QN7L26v/eW+l+XUz1vpL+Kd9/ecO6mETi3IjRwNySMo8FMdFGTPoAm1rTbOM7fJdBfuvSxh7/mzwLY1VyqzStlbzZll/qdWKkPlM1M768+USYpdbv5Vx/rCqRxzfcWxQIPNxRXQ55eQggiXzXlDCBhdRnODKtm25KDr0py2dUtpbnDJlE/OZHGJWlJbil8OYveYbGyExH8cjRhd5wwlcMo8MU5cmgChgS3fNrUltkerw2gokBYZ6zTVLWGGM+WZZwYD5OBkHQg8Q8OGSeSpEABVXiEJL5uWVht9zW+rSzlp7k125vHzYq5X0esXdmjSIxS4za6fLy8c5qUKKKgrogZR5O1oyj/bTbuz5UWbETJPVbbONJOiCvNpgyTwtE7CyBYgTlsyrM75r9rupU4i7bcbzTulcT082aGvpvKI/TNUg8/XnO2Gd/YvzZ7qi8Z9ZiLbL1XfFRDdu3Lhx48YOMm+LJwnIgDDCDjyzPF/L03NHXipdRUEZlMRM+ed1Lc8ToXUKgbGH2jv1BGdk2LEDXGKjBEmME8EZKQsEUWvwgNANLGujrXW2rKyaPwPeZhvvLdVWXqIrvadcePk4G6qg0YAqaIiReS0puGBAEjQp85ZgIiRKgMSWmGxMUp5o8JHjmMhHyY8hR1InFA48PUWK9OgcORExooP6aQHXgokIpocuPiyQgSQb2IrkECm1OrTUU9vf1TfOdxWfRwr6+PRk2ZsaiOMzSZdBvEjNmm3RV2f5bq90/1ytwxqERw7sSMKbmhRwNKGTAq4HB7AQwCVoyTwWjjDhQQEUdWsoM25b+4ruNV358+rl/IpTg9r8ZVPzAo7PhBvWzfYqYSoIbxd6ne+fG3aE0y4mulaOsK7at6nBQkbIFCFNcEeesMBwgkVS5jFxhhFMHvV1xlRf/C5bNTUxePkey2557BQ0uaCtqdGiY4WOFZyOjpTL5scYmRcDDY7MQGPJJqVLwe36b6qmqZluFAbFfCajjmiuXALxuKxU3o7XNxtE5JrkUaNGkSqKUOGoqHECGgkggg5cQimdtG+DXNaOU07NJbQ5OMR8Jljn+ldJ4rt1BOKJGWaDNKNqL54Y53SB+TgXAEFFDi1ggZR5RoDihQ9TlLDiX/S2euuqYATCw7Vh6a0JBF4RpSiGG7Bkng5eYEaGgsn79i2ttO8ddNu2zFrLDrqtVVdF6tA1vz+IkPlMXsq2ZSus02Zf+YrUs8xNfwTJfBwS6GQKDUdS5l2rmWCdlTD6UMGINmyELICMzENyBKAjAB1hS+Y5dJyTIyG1NTnQ87eMb9reatFmakBqqlvq6uEAmc9UktjnXMG6nJwUlDn+zdnGmpycHjT4iJIGG9gRkBrodPaYQebjhqCCohxscGKMzFviAU5amOIC7Wp1LM1vZVDqnec0UzpsMEYh2e/fFMcIN5JlkM7OY69WB5e++nccJjAfR4M2oniCBRmXzJNAFRXAAsMJYOsEY/W7de3ratkWjhvMf0MEzGdqdeklrI6z3+vU6bvW/p5fNYmdFexQwf1AAyaYYI0ka7s1YcqndCu4xc+r6v5xg5ZlqZRuSpdveU6on1OWLl0t5Len+PzJxgccX5be+n7Hs+vDLFOsUpXUM8vSlnHlqJ8Tz6lEL6xzaaG0Pn+ywQHHx0XxpIQiWKGCK5kXRQUpfnCBAFhateWit9vXLIn56ITSJMm+FXL52Y26PKS9MBPYvmYNDZy+qIS3p7YzAwAAAAAAIxAAAABAgMAAkWhELJ/Tiv4UABAsanhkVkw8GYoE0ijIYRimlEIImZEBmKENIAAS7DoIMDO9fkpoKJhYKFUAVNTnuObW+x4Q5vtztkwjRtk3pl1nimaF+nzhB1cb3wDM7hS6nr8yRnL47T1YjxXCwsrK5FCamDmKGgDzTw4cfQIWWDDooY8RXTITTGcQNSZFQqnHhR8OcwYH2R4qvc/T+RApIaFtKeCM9n6VPuMXqE4j78bImRi4pHIADpH+LEAS8YtHZnA9UZVKwQxjao/neGtXUpkeNV6GHRMEeJF9NxwnjrNnigVy9MqkxNOo+HlzbzcqNuAJOiG5Wo3LYxq16KjV24lWk/dlAm5vUHI0YpjqLz3v/YAOIxWNONg5IzULkD2aXdFbNeXTttGhD+MIm4BgOnJIKDD5CUaRvQqhr+s9Ml+p4ew5v3Omc3ayX7p0rI5j7Qir4Lb4Ncv6gzNPrY9fltKLoXzczmRSBJQ2bgfRoCglV6Uu79ZdNd3uoEqyfhscK7pK9l50zKJYJ3QJK7TbeHIfDgE1FB+EEgKtQ6F/vQN2XvTk+6mi4CzXmwvkZW9agT5F7QQSkgz8ljaqq5YljLqyfT2KNmgOWAPkWyQtg6RDFHql8U3c1Y2IS2T18e+lTgUWvDl+tJihSlqcA6dPtFtY0f9q55sE7YZ/z+BksFOg2YZ2Kzqp/dGmwRPQ+bjRzLujL2NIOG+TD6z5kd/MZyepD2dyJ1rls98YgP01iAgyxwl1zIoD8sJ/5htg+DbtV40RSFPpTONJ15ryia9zGa3tJoXqncx11Hhtia9XKajAA+r+oEqKWicyRvh0YIgmhvT5SLDepqTn6MhK07pIMxQIKOkFURSGlgv6k3Ug7ZYlZdt8cXNzpMnEesT5aYcURNB0RtjgI+To4HiR3Fu1NZDlYxuYpu+ICtDficNiNPdgJRWb5BvWfxHCvCjA1mTNgahuVXWK1DTA65wO0epYvxqoFT7r1+g///F5mmlIO1lFhAkbhgl8yAqkw6f1FfZeKbH5lZtgTT/hFH4+JTVsEiYEHdg9OdybzjzoL4J8CUIfUEfbWufdBXTpASgxg6UrPRwWAOtY6jEfQd2uS/v4AmqBiIRAI4fFsf48pLaz4zPCt7F8/E6V8tXoZVmNL+6jxYKm/fazazUFgZaqReViYGLCcDdIOiPLFLYyMXKUniEyZBOlWj1fbZ1B8lGolSfsSCVo2i54LI9dn7CrUMtomlkOAPg2EFjIzUoLV97+wsU4ITJEBIu9qfRJHkkEox37u2gA7ADM9rmz0ZnNnBMezJ3+qMZGkqkVdtCyPHvQaxQalDkKHdIbFyMt0zT7hYWMiNFVE5P9ydKOO8vDaEKxw8gEe2c7oHK1adQmyhIp6BOYNYCXUSUA/AxKYfskjNsLQuQYYohcLFC+RRvLf9tHjiqMmNo6Cii9L6xLtpGBHBnNTu8o72hdrLmbjNxdGcOmmjRZN9Qa32I2bhqmoINAqEdGrGSbPw5zoeeUJKcqczUMk8SaDRKuQYNWPb2thO8nIIhTGPr+Mkk+vBvyZWoABzWJgSTTmkoMYleLAgtLsSSuqEwBV15C1UwHFbr0YRM2SYWSK/Hso2CORtFXml7rC6YyWMzCKOw8xDJV3b4FXeW5mh3DZbXqja89oDsReGSnyiX6Y05e/XJPyW9ofkLMX7Y2qw+yJC+iILZ8M6uCmw4oqY86Wl543t4hyFj843BTHjsWq/vxfaV+PvH4gyG+thN15W9YjLGI+aAiPeoGOk/PCH281nDRvZ5vqOpZauOgoeYLe1F6/Rt4EVD2qASYdVnTBNZv23edSYO8mfkVKCi0L/dzIdGEbJQb58pyVJwR2AbmcozEFSqsBXgUtfZDoF1nEuGDlvYKYd/0Y+w8a63KQN2sr304/n8RvI7dfjNfzCx5t/2yvG8+caSQ6LnjC255UPhSNmmRw1UWTxVBCnguyIM49LbH3ZDwqx4XrqQTPMYCIlZuD9/BhoTOFeMJMZ8LamXiXCwmi9gHaAEK/yFiIoF6Co30EJ/pVY868xG9M2WPvitJUXHiQpaeP8QWj+5J0r4wRNFrGt8vipEeGvCRvhde1C6kcyRb1GcxN24vYkxYvoDmv6ZFyWmXyxQ1SJpup+yURRYcLNHWIBjnGNZifCjOweq5hqblI2Ve44NvsZTxpUJwfwMtbGaWrWX7leVkvGHIMREFTbpWyVcKFXcEJgn+7HA7lVeJ8UUW9GsS+ZMkiGVvzxieH5DylQlESwKA9Bz+09YDguiwcZh5J7LmXlO2jH1Utw0zkdk0eLBA4EXHoJ0seFcfqik0rR4BK0wbH7P/unvUhCaKnTRsDbQ+VUh19mDBptsgsQmCrO01HbU7WmgKovPBm0HjsfxW7RJTvCu0K6spmntH6PpgZvfXUQjwcU5Zn7zdlQNYQBZKWJ4Ps1NbsGneLlTW3FERDEoWBLr8ygL8T8WUpeivSJyoZMSuUlrnu5HOTbC5mh1jFEJ2UYKeJTvGix2pGk//dCcWpPVcvLze50+LgYxZhWzNyxTgi8dJMatpRcEqhJfy7/8SfYZawweaVMxqGNOfVyhCd513fvzF+l97Sh480x8MZywNjfJ/UbQIWrvRqq5eBHZtben0VlynRFy7BKUuR5wxwU3lt6h+ITbAETGrYGgiQnl0xnPMu88IrK8BCa/1c/dnmkTvBQru07+i3bPsHp/UvqWC6yz/HbmO5yF+BKeakZAYHKJASEzaT+wNGUO4eajzelm4uFVZGsR9OXktA+MwiE7oxVZlj3IxZ+5mF7qo3mPZA0XxiMkfWL6YLKTVywHwXZO8Oqwu8OaBbp2IPTGJ8A1ViXATiQ1Ma4gzlrhejX9k800QZuDlRAFY+/Y4KGFeUJxsE1I7vNMbNHPINvl62mki4UL/l6awBDRwgKVqD5ym9YK2V6SBePiimElwc5c8TsKnzVYZX3GJQ4K4gvGmP7fNg7STV5UiL5DcmfFyGXAMeXzg6Tr7pBVYLNwwvRAw4QOfQ6JTSzmRjiuVA0OV3jX4rQihXN18CxDfRcUlrJPx7EmU72IaziC+HAdCiPPe7RDWtnWLmhxKFB4jEK68Qum3hFcFh2HClZxvpxDmR3LuV0gqW2HJdQYwqBwUIF5Oxf/xlMPc2IcX9hw6cw+IDKcsqoQyEdiVVl5wiJrmzXF+hFp7y7uHpmIAscu1e+Hek9Fw3bE+zCiikKj4jhr7TQSyfY6mnJwsd3o/a9FGDe20rmOxh6tfeki7EopFw8tXCQHiXZgAIBcvfrXinOD5b3XrhadU3wMAy6ePKeU39Bp2KKIB/o8aV/bWNi985og6wnuuh4C8XvSLos4xTmQGJESx2tyNx6Q/p+TqRJI+yG9K0LrZmKWajSRIKhoZxuLaIbTx0rLI9mg/KW3iSmaCZXBSsdchad+0WzMCp+W1a7OwOPHYF+pJ9lSMwBjfrdsyG9coAEJW2VAUjI+x+AsHsw20J5rpe9s6EW/4pKIBsprA1z9bq0Zt9MlceRRkYaKpoCvPEKtyJsQKLZ1lAHMmioiA5yFVABQw/Kcj6cGab7XJ9w5V2LGwHUb70VHJx5rzw1quS4rL41vhiUZjUiV74YHuJ+iKMrEVqSixLwnOWqbetlJYJ0XuvTCXBkaDaxJLr1CEE7LBIG0ScXAAGeQBGCKAriDC1KZOSqj4bEKH2bpspH8ZqDIgGvPheiS16pZektDDhiFwrdGOUvCDprE7HS9j8Fb7HGigtKe8EcvVNh95MmOAG12Icny1c2o+qSGGNLfUUoQ0kp2SSidElx9J+TDbX8ISXPEDVIa1AHlpLuDfFiFVipAKRXuLEV5yXPCIBDkw5+PG3je7sPTfHQtLu15Oin0Vfw7kxyRJqHg0y880wTYQDXsCOX1q+Dt8/wceLjOWOZRxUA1ZHlqNV78oX8p6c0wNX0VMCuJe9bevY+FYup7g7MVC2VjXCCV/nn7uvRPUj2BtqIHfwzXVE3H7vq/jA/C+bt3jsbXbmiUY2hr9uchbxA5zUqhNsoe3lArY3KEiIIxgtLJoRQE/dFDz9UAUXp0pQd9LNqa9cApWS7hqMJAHgxHWLDP+I1Gb6u5QMffiJc0JoQb58EdlUO+8+FHkdKAF5XsEkCiUn6VqzX7hmFM5SDFMaKezTVb+B6EvICnRNwq+456ZC0W/jaqzsEkkbE3uYe1jncAynlDmp8Eksl56VgSSoGS5WEbWIG++GSOmuG5jbSH09zciobxBGSKhhhSHql2VEx4Cu06OQ2bFYK5dqLG2dgGu64gwWuWYq2EAxXd6UpqT3XQlYmsNWXKa0xMdLT9m62WRvmfEhOUMkdB8/E1BDQoBbtEURe8Du9EtWnbRJqXk3h3kmxMebmAcx+qlwQ8n1BRp2qU0Uyo1ufuHxCB3PvTc6ppTsXtqTrFnYuAPofl4gtxs+9Hbx1JSwuw9HfHo8iSq17iEFxYVl1vTOVdHc+qUEw661e/miNy+AJgwlDXbL5zgb9FRs4bR2WQxC/Omw1G31EEKgl8yq2OeFlDIVcewkBXA716jDVrz0flFsVPmiYwsAKV6BcViFHeb4dESuWvTchZsfZKKp/OCVDftFAnvYf1G8UJS05vaaPQOufZRRZ2iHElCgS87Z3gJ1nx3ywABk1CX2GwIxfY913CMFI1+lA/IhxOLBPfVeiCtyCCb2DwyoHERxkzPlW83gmUaP3RhDL+NoamIlQAIQtaU8SPWWljLKMg8/X+zhDvuMrzejvIBGQSl0juDqTR5wzQsHFN2JAhugLlcGmclloKBvv2WbmOVUpRVC+/O/DhrgVBxJ1zAX3fBt4uiRMD8fdNKSHEnoUfKn0asJlY6aopmslm/PhHkNFYmdn4o3FtKFJ8bihmYN2qFAfn+Y1WeLypi2wmwvPTCDZaFJBXuZXCgIHbGB45VB4X2taZO9rN3NnWYZ3DROz8+fEQ/rG1ObKAQLFOFoxn0iEjGtXAha+LBwaG6NTToIWnbLd9Fcj4l80/ogQ6tbP9wi4jcMUHphwSDroP9uCNl9p9pGsljNTaCwRX1kjJoeqYFme7GUhOaFSRmf1FujZyQFPFUMnaSvspZ6DoaeDfQbqYU9+nRTwyISMhMdDAi9p+2cLRTB7Gg9tNn7o0V/nXRRtx2VmT2gD4MrYH6hUPAicUu6q9fcyPqKSf+0mwKvOSGBFtpDR31OXfuT9zyWaDnxX1Mr6hay/fhYzL3LQi2x5bp3ruy1araLZPNfKv1jhWm1zJ9gNu8mS9y49G0EKrQw1jCpoL20QABah2USYLkuRLpZNuiBUYu+CDdFWgIRKlboI1CKqt2ob5BtyegX9xdC63bDBMkCtPmoxsjiIjbsI2jykvRin0V72N00CZcSmEnYtR3q7gnnuBO8/QEmmoPR/da4x0ka+6aydVgOLh2jnbdbG1W2hc10aguIzKRHWubQ27/iR9tApbhC7O8ngXjT87XFxbot9wRzz8JNz6b2+fK/GSMxZt99LEew18lbBaqkpfTjBtaU6t6bURvZ/qxDlrw1EReMnJEjCvclxZc57udSc9DVvdDIZgEekxGDHJbvlKZlCUmYLDngB9zSC6fdZEOvktSNqxp8nsv/QcWQ4Rrv2bY5m4ODSaRDmwxMrUOBFzG6qtsxHg0Gb2DCozqnAAWFSAS16H19xCatfIt52XMs9naJ85MmZ7txxFDDajNwgO5qfZs9/q1+iCogk60Mrsi5iMj/FnyiN6aZDyOQCmcTjTK10ns6RMIAKHeB47s+gCDHkbZUdbfx6B0IQ6GK+obmv0MSS9FATJmkHLyva205hCL7vfojsKy/IUokF1TvtPut82FcTwky5zR7dAVOfstFz42c8Mua3P1UaElX7W0tWwHG4YLlgIPZ919F8v8UmD5821IvBIcyAtNSikirJPWB797z0xHYJGSPCNo9F2JKJM0xmTo+vAgGn8WhnoFio6mF7NZ2C1Xl6HBynqdPbRA0jVThIQzAP/NQS9YtkT90av+ND5CBk09k2HHQg5Zxwml063Rlj+RlIsfdDKB5JxNdVx+OoNQgLg3DPw7fpNZPlMgTPG2jaGBwJSt2AOgH9n5IkV3+JgehxSMeWW1pMTNd8LWhm+OGgy0dBRQu/gKxKzt1t1WJbGMNeMT2csCL6tPAd6XnWFVq1iqgCN6MtBmcdWLOMVwlzd1QOBoOapbF01QKffaIiqpe0zXoPS8DtYg2lndCQIMLyae3JTajD6MXkKg5uSMKQhsWo/rk9VFXn+DB9HmXq0DFdw3ZnpB2jAG0HAtH9mpjak75InnT5y7sg8g7gJcxWfdxY076iequtV7LgPMqRBZWasinirrMxiEuGRwgXGTHrrka+3/DUrv0HcB6DZIlWh5lU2AhXhnNUSDqbtHAEhqtkrjjpb8UkYmGcjU/Sh9VDlj+cReaVknmh/w9IW6wZDais4CRfw5h+u+oEzdpTwitlaHihZnwgovBJhZxvO1kJ8Yy1qkLFzXjlM7RvsPi4bCFbY5tILsasUZuQDD7PmKUmwQwBoHZOFnFb4JmqXFgeZkpzrT7l6pz2bvYhR6vYnUOmYr2WVy+A5jg8Aw8YcnqOKfMJ4H9LDSMeyjbDKGFCwEWwlZpUVxsk+lzRDzFjo1GmtkCCrkgbHLqye7o3kQpselci+f+yIk+AY0AVBQo1HdAraKcKxMt++pLqSo+dOiNCrPkmsrLHw2MUSErbvWOOjCOkmW4soGZil51r07T2r2bpSS+1i7RgRXvzBmb8ROOiCrpEgNRjdaJYGKOz6l5ZsbuIClu1wHA5vjw9ExSrX8TE6TJhGOJki0B1bC7/SkbErVHahrJmeBdc2Ax8UnUBI2shDiZS1SFdO3fMMC62A8H538dwvP15kER4ngNcGcLz/C52BlmSpVnT3Ov8XhAPmgUT7h4PL/z0zLCh6sZXY6kzJcLv6l7eXHqtZccy0WI8dalYDKK1xShOVdtMPSeK7E/N4es/155MAmanF8kS4YTBOZV/JeYTx5y3gErlm39WnxcAH6gXsgInwTcWb/eQf1x1wzJeZkg2ACV9OLQaAQ+BEC6QLhdbux5REvtwRRF2fOdkmeTh8q4xn04ck8iJ3WDkhmF2lH3y9D0LP5YscVmQCrDGfw3kObACEspnAuFfyTg29VxN6Q2VWJf2PCkQa55UYCgXZjgPKswWfAWYBsJ+Balb/XRuDj5ltYCZ0NMCFyov8MKOMjvduLv0rSnumtrN59d7p27/KxyLzvdPueQIqOCdAnvh5e1bb7RA5ucp/Icvx1XPgBsfhQiL5qNyZCuQYdHJFW5P9CNczHJr06WOpDbH4bva2RE0900OjlaTpK+So9lefNLjcNUmBvRnEzGcbkAKLtXHo1NoPhA6qkhodHFrv24Uas8is2BlE3PWHCa8iZxFc0QlxcveBzuQBtiZGMXEnFur08SxaoQX0NqwMVi3AUGdfEdc3RxUSFOBVg6tzBjG0IqslvMyyH6egp0cWW9wYp7mstP8H4v2Jq+nW/YWAfj8Wqe/4+mhqVDFzgEVz6nUWDn2iWnh9fBhwhm5okCLicrGaE5PrvghwxLDTRlEWiy5ivJLvf5I4tD6mmEyvQ/2zHIxB4oRp+onl9c+S/OIUuoQhmdeSYXEgkYDFhfjLI1ENHv62vtA5ztPC8wnwcNXnY5jN/gaLLrWzpr6zwuoJ54MmxZVOKbBaDiydNpYUwWzVFodHufbyWB0iL2fUkOfM2AaiCuZ9DJ2Qq/QNkDSIj9WOiL3tN2j3KBKSNEndDVTSmEeLTtyP3Fwu/ab29Ael4pGSxWWZOe78AR/GPWiQQwLP8M8xlOsnQjO8QRJnEQxZdW2iecPECmFyNiui7Ko3PAed9YIIrQ89q3ZmNtthcKfbuejcqT/lI4tWxmJmtsIqqi3C5FTUYBgW3MEHpliikMFnGhSSYoNmSTu53AT8FfHw2z9WS42l+v0heAcqj6VW+V3USXTJjLKvkPLXeeMboC5+a0m/efnMUb7IiZgzKEd1VxWrF1NVTvb6BRE80/TI+06a5S8CfgLURGA4KAuNQIM33C9jq2MU7C24OGWF+nNQEfKkETCTL5y0UFbsIZbOhdYNYzucPBCNzjCU6FL0GZ5le2c0mfqquanttFn7Nb4/L1NTzTZK5F+Q7oyHJ7FnP91mSabkwsqqIl6xnIynHU2R5pOn1zqci9ilSX+YA5Tgxo7/CV13LlqGx4M+LDYYcy5r5lMQfoNvnxCCCmVhupKzKzufSLyG355Wd2mqGLZ0qBnePhHtFqoZlsST8I0erMZGeqmlQj2oZAZJPaKfg9Khinuku0lCjg3KtwohEPkOhfsJGR7R2plSfPFt5c8JitD3TR3X514zmc8ZHXiNxJN1JGX1Tjw4gijleN9KQ9W5iiYkqHjNMFjT2zqwcqxLTo+vhPcRRf+iY+StsjTrpytAzsypXmYzKcCSE2wH+EzgCcTWXEkcyp+n9l4Y8Hq7sfsZkGm3+g/aCzlMvXaEdmyIj8yLT1XAxhYqkfV8gpVT+Aorc4nukvVdoWQNEC/F+1uJACQT10UopXgHoFbFE9qURmbB3ixpO3oErI8Wp11wIr1ZZVPF1K9ELEuJoFsQDrSPzBJJsefbRC5rJks8J2f2uRGlPHUtjgV3K57XFEV5MHDEogFfPy9/TN59QXqVHAGEBF6XPAm0wPFDt595EB8Bhu5wTFC0pGyiXUDQ9XPU6MulLJomcykvZIPyE04es1BdxJflE1YRBpKLwHsTgFN60RWZjMYoF55QY2v+qVZw4b3MHFaV6rSb9jJlvtE4/dEp+aet+bsP/9UPMplL5tpX+1d7CuwLaK4By6/sy0DFFo2N9dbJPRzN4+F/JwMykbeaBV54h4J38hh6ctoQlEe88iihj4hLrLZfn/3y7Beyo7cGTOjLzfZa21XcA4DzYBKjYugHoFeK7efhmnxUJBHYEf5Qt0jhq8AcS4ABKohWwlcqEhJT97qQw+Y/FqyMH2zn6O7bjKFUUy7pCoGDjdKQFXlFUJ3n/0Ip3pLYCbekcFVsifNgwzia8MUIQHpf1711IP2Bj7rC3EuxYgtE09Xny6bxWPGPZL+EPLJkZ3LP1NPBMeksTGPB+FotAbpjFCyo1peiPPr3JNvdAK7PhfG36+7Wz6IPXa4xzohqcivCRCd9CKdUKf00Bo+UOp5b1LYc1dPdMADsMyAVdxZE9W42qoG+sx6KY/CWgUOgLpYk4QvUxL+ie6ZQTuZXdg/BT/v8dzrziP0aZ+YqsaQNFFplmiE2oV/WEhTRg+lMs6O0564O5lzA9PqRcuaRDsoMpVxhDwK2kp5yeitbfm9GBqZWiUDZbPgrz8lPsA/EoUqb9m2RVPQ0EiC0UAIscSGchbLmJL3GVDndaiL5YD6RIgkq8Hk5LENnL7rt3xQBdEdJM6fQh6xGCOrWcAjBHdK06VcLMkwwIx0y+ji5wdnoIxWLBk9V66PcehgLmP2xDG8g9J+6NTnek4qotZ+ibdWDOru0CamFgKuMWHK7K4gylc855xAZn83PdPl+jc4NdgvoSsS+b1CvfQTTxPtwtYfYozlWnYiHhyjgDU0etyLmIzam5HakpoKTzCeEOhzjk7OXtCU0nCVNzW25NWt3Q43cJdEqq3Lg5g9SvkW/cdIOaa+9tl763ht0zNKszeh9Ehxt1lL0yz6FoW40ZZe5V4OoLFh0TT5U6nqPdwirpJLnrSa8KdO0XrMN2FiVVYmWKeY0q8jrcBz2fn42W4BjpwjpgmmagzwALI4yS5SvVsTPS+xHXGfBaSFZoJ4CBb1znmjsq9ip4xQbAnA5C74IFjQUqvBJH3htxiRlDvQeGcbuY3Ugjh7h9SfChM5/PFw8aUHR12iAaXgsjPGeSk6grhXzDe1dAhu3C8t98Qy+IVROCIV13PPSQFXwv5qECLO1u6AFjNP9CnDIYEwY2QxSSofL5JZFGOhGbtixyku6odcPGnApdrYHshw4XwP7rbqOnRmVsUaNDAAq2DipITiSyBD530kvvGNenlp6g6lkuG7VPkk+dzKIHgJoEJlvtIHUoIcYKDzx3SuhfFGWn/EIrRQv+sSFfI9jjpcewE8ncZR185znGYTGZKQoo5leYUI1qwvSJeiI8+/2EpjWxCjaE8Cg+RKRjPLeer/kdeNMkTIKkx6LNSkDeUCL636n6gnuoAqmIbKX3+lZAWoNssqvku4Q7CtBwHzjhPVkE8+pokiBj2Ob24Qlz1SkJEndJZ/eQgkCAvPzw6SEdCLCWyWy9rAh2LKLyw51XE3DdNGKvjdq+2NO2+0++nzVHQyY2hQHLc98KKDXjT32ZOExyMJBT2QgOTS+Z4pm3DFF7ehlHX8DGTZQEJCSg9avYjKV1TOU9RFKMyWCA2xlhw87/Bv1ZOhD6emBEBbwgfhMWpwNuqvUXIEl0t7WBCwdKN8VkvobcMgRNjClhseV51vwS+/+Jh5QFUvpKSwVFX1r2rQFEBwiiAH/YpwsTUZRhztKmwoQUk+VoM+B/ZwmyiFd269ZGnZwWjnzHVTlx1JdTaXpIwDrg2LcILQQUHzHvNh+Mhiqn1cT32yWBzPfezUD/QLKZQX/1ZogBlehgPMJGGMGaGfuNhmIYmsnQy1aGy77lyHJmBeo90uA2mxwztMGBF/qbIEPBghgW7z6YbbGyHwftSxSjsbVcVOz0Lc5Ca0ebf7onoQkcA6+mPC0LsNMQYArrVRDX5ENmly58m1kkxEAI+zTypB1nMs1FAeffk+UoB9KfHfJzDWQSIXOMMCzSczOAs89uQMH7sCpFSLW/Zq2WzX7two4Mihih3DLfU3uMm7JAJkjUCzs+S8QijqUEdckrSJqNj3vrCNytAMRTXSKlI66zfBB9Rg08uo4PEe9uhHvGJSetdDXE5gL/HBfKEeO6wcTTal8FCJJUdkILICsLTRINbxmv+Qy9IIGa18R8xPQBJq08vXxPwGXjTUkObjbEEolytG50PB9loiH95AAHKui79zp7Q6o03EDYGlFe3tPb3IRzrBJFieBFu2q4HuDSXgR5rCiy/kW9WfLBpdwB5surM7JvLDIMZ8IOFthB5fNhA6JuSsus/5Q5awNSMeJwI1up/u9bCqEO56m3ZnqY8CSDdJqfWn7sYYbeQfiQY86EPpAI3k3jA649FdBY5JuzozI7Sz/eQepZFWaBmAd2k6tsd2lAOaNnYxvRovmNSS2X8I08N09ZUMYfEEaU1Avs0RdAobmNggG3oE3p0m9QfTAI3y3wkwd0ogZmvZ3cGK2vLH7yMDF+AE69K6lHeAsxQw5Bt8fTIxpHMKgFjFBNbCOzC/BzcYGyNr94BYAngQrA4gR7rddxwO9QP1VgAZElDKvL7LPXitAfq7yr7CQ9P2T09pzok23VY1Or6wYbNdJst0W0E84sBWESiVaS7agbAq/nREqJUu17xzFaYYAGoDfROqNcswSohgaFIfAeKAqXaVVexaOopXcB4+4xVLYtUjAPCjf4NVfFC0fnbs3RHm+Jp1OpOZojjE7DmhlOT4A614q/OavPY5M/JJ/SldA8se3CSO2vW5Ww0Z0/AHr7FCtCJAn7wWmN3wPnFDgt3Xl1cbD9gmpTtIC1G1kAec6W2OFv9YeRJKktRkRQYv5ncjTkcXJHDwcGfNZFMgKGisTQjBAWV/Oa4Bn1pcZeH3qOgPw1ajqqrFbrAUuVYE5NoTQiu/l1Xo55bT4oQY2fTObfF0xsKhAYFqroIAmL0qY1Ybdn1PMC85Wm05PO8sxcYmRcILbQQS/XU8nIPA3YFYa8DFbxmBLKRqDwXhS61lpuAE1ZwQ6pfcjwEJa2brikUgvm7qeqtuEsRRujcSAilDU7Vyn4MSykuVT1jv9up4SD5Ms51CCJIW61wZwXDYp1l/Vag4UQ+WlG8tW7uCHvvlzv/XPKQIATacBSV8xWJL3vBdTXIOENK4s59G20+wuZvEsXuiLIjBG9YDQW4AuQwks3dOnpCTZQq7ay/sbLBK7Aw0fK7nvJjwjAchGY34Vn2C4gzP5s6hs8QEKbgO5XkLbIw9DifVjXjC3iSJZmLHQ6e639ZMWMCM2Sj6bkIKqERR87tDSSkAQzcfRYY/YgWa1EBYvB++7ON/59c1+R8K4Yw9t0nkjXm5K/AE0WohXwQZDMvpwErSXcZ14ZoJJNkqVaorC8RkpZi/qzXmFN8GozhpIfIdgJOIZJiYhxUr7EDeKhYhoAqKsjqDDzifWZtD2GJhxz/EprzLU6sDdUYoOB6/cCYrkl54Btn1iBNJxBbk8WYESTfS1DU1bHLCpPV4Owiw2dx0ITdfiErgfnGccQQD3lPTY8qs7IOJo1SqXN+cMZB8z1cXIjzDnWp+NWK0GGIIh6Znm/g7CMnHRffXNQSHu9xb6BSv/9la1KxpDXPCaeSuPypGsibxNFuwZlhbLCHOuxBL5CRA5+kY1wwzmTM4DT2rhoMuSIIYuL8hQ6VfbNhStEW94SOAsVvo/oDnHV/MAq51sKXZkiWzxVRSAG33NDfUvBQtxxNEznch6Vh6779Rj1SoMTuKiUL9D83RX6jOPTVsSARKkxLU9GzNTkra/yriwUsY6rTQc/WuQUC2R1qeodu3KpOOiUlPw42sx7tR1Vlj8DOSNI6Wx/gA9zgdLDBS8wSFDrgl1iiuYFmmrwHGxodx0aZfkvRyrUz+1AFpWdfu1zPAO1HPWMhVWOENiStKgm2zPx+CvyCJWgir+BtnBwwpCH54hpZrs9m0aez77iAb8qWtyGNwMBXMk8Wb6hoVercvYW0zV2FU35kJ19J4OQIsK5VoUAS558mBfdyYoVJtFBGi+DZFe7wZSEDYp/Eqi1K63amyc7LsouzsUYW5VvhOKNSbI6oHGJOSvGMFWeqMbW7hKXG1E+I0BAtdBJUFM+WbopIyFbd9bmWZKuJJIG0EQT6goMJjIybv7VBre5kY1QknrEofOu9giPBw0DzZI5oN0cA8VSaYy1U8Mcd1UddlUYdQPaL5iCBXOZgz5jIVQTsEUkxiMDY5U8EOCeYaNB2AjaLqShZT9T4uPaNIKW2WnrFEbdBYVAnQK2aIZP1v2caJVrfQ02ghiHAE+01v0j8OEPyLxNwRAp0tifmIA9FcTjFJIY5LJmf3UPXtPEWm4PnjbmOfr/r8Gv0uv0nacecKpYThq0fRBKTQ0Hzi37Nap9sXnPKhzQYU3jEkUDOYZAvv6FAoAjssy14otZkHCiZk2c44X9vwtF8gYTpQb7xU+DgbZXDd1bLNmFlrVonhuzuiRVlhMyYBUTqe2PeNZ+Y7POlcxdWMZEbdYUnwACyj0Molt0GQ2WdQ+x3yYbbppEFBspCG7a7Ly6SLwmZKKc8N7YJNythGTixGzcXBltiNxeUc+E8Ut46YPm+dfyhcTqa2XAH2SAb4OE891ytSPCf+4TmS3EVGFDymnPwTQ8vw60uxnUyRB9VRJ/39cFJ3E/NSDG8YSGWo5rAQUkp07M9F6mUTTiO+1hFKr6YLy4EGPKDtv4cMOgGEt6O6NXQgo9kRKA3iStE+L7VBF3+K1udbj6sF2yWj4qILCDWB48NtMCIkQ9waGW/z02QAIIQ2a6NGML3/82mHFzs3WcWitKWsGLCye+uLfnldsK9632ZxrA0qt1Ier+i9HCInAXEMr9MlnfViQAgAr5jwyc5MQSKO5Ax5MsQCyndJ9iiMjhiC4nJg3QvCtC/zoieX4HO0hRGe5uSzX9k7PiXEt/Btlg/M9luvKx+RpF+/ooWft7iIeNmSendvoTrXKoMQZVCo38De5jj4QUoshQf4m4jmOgnhzovLdWfEaRVtTGkYy1b3HFbxACxFpEJS1ZMc83q9fzXPndA7WunbWcMhlv9K6GVI1PbRXHWqgWodByvfI8FS7yXVSneiI/2X7AfyBsx0tokEpM6u4NbajQVbkb5jq3yh+s1ZgWa09N+sT0K4gZP9I8Ulk2uXC+a8FzvzYs2DrIZPSRAJlAJLurRtMy3alHzgsMakxK/C9CIVNoDBwvMYXacop6QL2GaVMzCsDEhb7CjDUwv2yULAalauqWMlUA6gKpmVwAeQfrCrEee0XPT2AhtgKCTHt5CmOPt4DhvhQ9Y51cgrcCaFvQIaJCO+IPbGrEVWQ+plHpLqM47mTC2uhv64V43WhKqbTK9pipT+ercC51mwFKiy7zj74W50qlpVV4ygTlVZHcxh5uPVHCt3BM8eWlO19W1KlvbhBMXxWAdld62vpb03X407gskMRB2Nl1c+2D43vmPdSJfi4Zx/VTa/4LLlnekZR7KSx7gK7//0el1AXmrELKGxvm7lkIqprCjnr8NO/ayU4Mrth+UMDs91rK2wQhOz34NU9ipYFiMQ1fRhfRD8AoTg1J9lKKXISyYcEEsebgdkJ6H3yvcNx/eM2rPyftYk3IjrRFw0jr2tHn0rtcdy3LbwVHgbTz5y/GvSJH5m8JyYQwFQqY6R2ElsvOGdgyjeaNur58dlzbVK7MjQXGulsjpyDHjR5+Ukq/JKWM+KEKJeXm25agIleF/PAR+cJRuP60R03QUZrfaasGoCW2rOLPVk90YGNrUl/QpKgyj8+N4mjrD52w1ncrUSy1y/cxwZXYoIe7c1Y8EC2+zmyRalcCgxqkL3myLscOxeAU39KcN4gN0HNnZ976M0ffADLd0S8zUiojLG2nxEHAlsT9aoKF9IOhkFVZiOwr5qKPgw8QI2kFELtSsOmP/AQzcmuSit5T+xoON3eim94wtnyBb+FA5OxDgg4axC/LbIbGwgMUDOijN+W8kIppkGKQzd4ReDmQJ+dRduTKS1dBzXLOnlbSsvaMUhB5L4lU3rLCyOffh2NE343BcWr3N1D3JpBRZM84wghDSwMp5wmJEWEQ4z51E/nJ9W39nTesIIfU+oDusvA+/D0srSNElezsBwTC4Qnan3KjsRAmwEQIy1apu9IrQXOdsLmtiLNsFUf4ZHezpr2BvsZge0tdxOzhGXB9nbb8xA1PPQ/mtzDSeU6nQYPbXIgcRHzgHQs60OtsAN+hw0gB3lSLfpGeimSRxMnsJb7FyJVN0Xw1ODVaNjphDPuRzXmnC5nbeW0ZnBcKBfaRm7+Tw4xB1WdgIY43v5t1URsH6Bxh8+7nvBo4yNfzEgOwLSbGc5Lk3i9wrorH20BnRjuCyYtNKIk3Mh6gyRWLVn8zAls1KYExSHJTsQDrr5pD8bOHaFukMzAUZ6SUt0rA9h/FVxdLTIohUAzjovawofg+4E/3oOjncBf4O6vzwG2nXGUujziG+LrTm8aNianBGzEpMl84o58LBywneNHpSqc7eTp11N6oZ1rq9YQOpgOFDxQ0iUQPy0wXFR6K0eaVptqnSKFkppl3SaSal25sdv8xn1HK+7cDmieQqVlpvI4HhX4MJztGmMYGqNQiVmgO64ytrySSyXdhC8Uop2IP/vOoONVI98B1cwo9vOOYCKi3p4GSzMDfxaBA15+ye3A4s5Mk03WnqbDs71YhFxqcXbIC8+lNI5cDXMiB5B1NMJE0x31iDb1qDRcioQyMNIifLsJAsvjbAqH2GdcJFACOe8KpX39T2raxM5xfQXh8xE9de7wXsCpgfL1rCuI90GOclEfvHrWYu2NuHNam6QjuzWOMKQBUcbPIGoorbqf1GCSwDePyStFZ9cwDvl1L+YgI2/fgQ+A421jFMoydUIsaHlch2B5mygljKzpB5wCcHEyomRf0QvJqD8ZY5DTl31Hl8hz78GnJTsSrdZBlJgbNXzIAHtwCRXOs7sKaTr7z7KMj8eBG3tQY/bbeDEOSm+yuixhBTIqUZhVcIb3kNb3Jp9zEtuLIM8IWN26UUc3tB1YjbBhl3GvP/RZSYj+xAlZWr1PXPVDrgCqY0hDiasy0WnDczz5SLNhdF2s2vX9/hZRKvTNwunR22giIkuCyonelMpIE2IjMRWlL28kBnh42BbtByFF7iVD33ghGQTKh5RI598+wa4eUE9TjrjOSHgVkO4ahStwblrSuJua458kFslBtBxLS0gAOleB+xGrbVlSvfBzoQMGWBLkVkJNsiVu4l8LgyBLKAuJNRedFh6/0Afmi16bAOgjXKW0nwoO99vKpeXT/m4Sy/nNcChzc77uwJKLUbYa5ff2aciaaJz4rs0q0Ii71WGgrtkGRRESsqO+t74RFupgBy4TcaIvk92mTv73wOWOUUqgWKw+yTp3VO5Yl4YOM8RT3Qk5/cvjm4D5DFbKKLGnCXu2QrqmmqJ/UrLWdMUCkp7LjIYcVZBZpy9FH6Ta7wZn6CNhnGjggfe+wfnh9SaVoXMWgxrnSagCWtkvzahM67LrFmD5PyaIYVTt4DXJl7rFFoDJbg/wE5EEskkdgwvDjbLMmJNCbgHMwY6ZEGtJ67RErvWz41izzkv7gIJ8pS5ebOlR9vkY6R2pJgTiBIZQpoj3DdosGfp7ROVxY0FrKVXNrNU8wuGfAcZdLu+vWTuvdrFKznZOQKmVMA+H6yLFQqC9j83iF0kqiiNXoHJE5wlMsrU4nb/kdSt5mEfRniM1WdB2/Ib9wqSz4clO2rQDV6alQRM61l/kvHqhnlqfKgPivFJlXyt64hPR7EFPqmfutDGEbQAvriURU1bAkFsOIjl8bJrRGsmC6wshaW9/vmRx04FYzRf35v+jDanwNHsERvDEmEAktKAZtms7F7XsdFwHoJ8NCGFD2LYPfJUHKrZSS//BDPllPH8AHPAUU+aTZkU21wVyqCmODU3r5RIABw6GusNixazkivbngs2X5h6QsrMGqUBWxkjL2u3hWobT0Ac8JZ78rSUwXYoIePAz1jNPYg5geswHWbYiJw81kZPN+Rskj0OG3IXT9ExMbyTCIk2bPEydznYT6IKuTYXDeS8+8jLLO1CAz+tm1B+ipIodjv3e0oWiBAYbfwiZbx9M4PQMwMHMI2AHOzutn/2JhiFu2+QhqVpiiFhCspUPb3TOaLSu6nR9CIPcQ4NRhu4LfXBnE1JO8XfwydputgAlA936ZELGi7cCDUxyoxNYBw6dDfOX5A7dBWCYqPq7URsjyFeXG1S7MdtZLIbcAOyGhrXVNTEXqYPmKGXa5wwQl/Pk9MLkF7Th2eb+asNztfUTtXlAD2c5Av+fUjQqcRqj0cFmhodVY8ISytAUsNqh/UeMSbO5OCAC1NWxGUVqwPSLLD6wDfbiLEhB0WEPwhiQROuHhBAIHh1NYGrsJIcXpjnJCbB2ky4BqK6F2T/qme0S6Tuy1CRGQGsFCDljimXGrbbzFdfpWsWac/0NAos2M1DTYuNpQJgRkSRGzQGq0ujsXW47IFenWsGpm7aiUSVCpMGwc3nsLH14bPnleW1tUfQCFVMxrwb3LHl9TGKVPVz6GDHWGrRIhHKnjnZCzHmyXF3UaC6qV/cqIACLJ+oFycitdzU23oeD5MsM6CCY3FfbMxRg2J3dF+shF5rhqwMp+tsq96QBKGb4SSRKES9uvxtbah6hIAe+Q2YYUoJbBynCYSqv+rJNG9UaNCbJng2v2w49kxqQ9yO1YUR0sj+wjbUAD4dxbe/bRM3SpfFRtykOAvUOFG03HVYjnytuJ0Xj2l98yH+nKuMMjcVxDUkPOTrNft8pMfrhlSiFJxLQjGk6eHtair2AZAkYGsiR4J3LNKOqaESzJofwp3yeunhNWUeovRhpobU7v9rpKupLTCvz15dL50j2dQyxV1a1Pq/hGbYwhOBkmkdZKc6oGuM+iXMTS/EuaNHsRWrOvuYHjUEPjkuGPEvWoapnRC8GKyobRF+1+BSWuHfMQAZO1I7/17N4RKrwofBQGyi4bSpZjrhQ6WHN/XJqPTcal6rK8Eac6PKpBD6aD0YeKOjXJGOQoKhHaUSb73Ylr9HXgX1IY9PE/IFV1Hm2/riEXTph/mthnlLM5nmxXPpoBntZHTcsaM5+IJD99VRfS1GNRGwSw+bKS38mWt20ajffzi7Dz6QGDLIAaHIYijOSkuJ/xHppLRQcJuiBUkx9Oha5tEgEjYcYJjxp8jT+Wl/9X6grkdPdhqyXWsndaW9/dOvkb7MizNGhx3tN4lFiswnu2ffn39N/xNvcPw4XB0dmh8Ed2OPIsXvm9aG2CPKOxdCX9Fm6NnqZScrJCVjzD31BnL0JBH9GyfN7auS5M/Y5sja7Q+FfYjry9g2LH+4yc0DDLscxvaW7KCix+5mV6C+QmPd3hUuXybLvkgmC9P/cSLXQhajCYLpAXnHnw61ktpyQyDnEz4bdAHSHOE7x/8rhxP7ZkWPHeIISUH9za55UL6mHxkqlJ3fRPPAPFQJ4D0DV27ejA8cmALulg5GHVw5J17RqPZLoJEHUcG15YEIBvNYLfmdggesf8FhuKp411VqZjzWQxlACvbzE49pnJXHiUZx4UKohW2DGp2zaoAbm07Fal2WNKNkIuqn5TlkjRGVrdAY2/uFPGwfsPAul17EE7+EA+c69NINXOgGDNg1dt4EgCrp6+ZL/IZL2jij4vFQnlxVManhvGOmJQXHZOMEFGFnDlBrpDxJigfSdnrWMnJfKbrxt6iemErMnyz0EQIsUOi7oBc95zDtF5p3tY/kNuTTprvL2C1LP6kVozTSUVKQcCBlTU+2+Tzr+u9z3M4mElwjAmGIUedspbSsacHIcCI93eDt6ovcDVc0lF/mn9+64E8RLJY5upEAx/3FsgfVgkAQadTVBA/nvbDof5nlSb0A82HExdij3AZTgupn8K3iHA9iar1xu+FYDpM8JssizTPB0wI5nh8AOQrN11oCam7/gSkXEph5SIhDmB6QUgatPBclSasw4N4k4j0fgAb9sx47zBTk0Ll1FNZFKZo5QG0ID8YcWebfINUJ+3B2ZIUYXzIiu+Kn4nEdv0Aibqrhz1kAa6NtJIdgSzfOmsAilor1tQihs05yWPSOGZLzQbqfXuw/psrn+/mSm86YoZb4E0GNyUVYl8ERXFrkQXVzuDE6Kj20AXZU4XjoKvePgKrswxwIfwUSwoAyGnGW5EfVTFhFebbQycXNnkNlqO4exZ608oCqJ9k2K3aAkKYfdMaFlkgcr5NXrC1AMl3uXWVHfSZbO2oGxORBBuXRmD+qk5ilr2ig7yU4xst9FLgB2TFxkaBLxVy8bOPUyEEUOVK4eBSj9IEXBy5NRAhQiWxv5ZhGAZgsqbQb2qgRyWX4O7Oq63l7hodQUoxOPEfr3fn2p+iOnPbl3dTtgD2iMk9zdyLxN40PV7DDvTwH58EOi4cS5OUK2XoHfy74bQze97Oufq1uwjNmvI9X7qGl2SlIQYc7xJMIeareovBALAjvphKIKuaVkgOlKu3amzNq9vleFiUZkEeknjhNgLVV9nhWFwGHOZFeXHCAwA5teiiqKsX0eFZqA/lcAXdjnp0zp9V8BOVdqtLyaUgMwAZ087VSAkRu7Z8CX4K2y0FaBUg2g27QWOLiiuZP4bQEYXuZNe29iCcYUR1+VQbkQXhrUu673L4xM3BGYMxC1mLs2mghWQ3loqdVy6oditCfLnWFh4rzXjEyhRmgsUzfqW7iAOpV/zUPIONPCKi47jYVTP3d4jIKEiHIuj6B0hg52P61uHK/0unWcTp5m4Mev5wRdkJ8M5t53Ney/ml/TUIVgOjUYpMVe1c5ODEGZiF7AI6tXHRZ+Rit/AiXc/B/D8q570nRVlzrbIGiQz4/L1UKXFDFwpguRxvzxaNA/ty0s/7Iov7FlYUuDbQe09Jzk5V57EHM6oNpvKk5oLESmrgTWQTqFnAoc/9EcLP5XI9aHah/t8qe//RZ24dQlydogDXDiw2rwYyN/jP4076q7mimyh29hn8geIT9DHNlPdlzPu7vad50Lhgi0zSmaqLb65ZpyFwh89DSwFyewgCYi6iKTUrAiURIACtfxbMWQbSMX/QFGzSH/bxIEhuxmVa7Eh8jB9Bm4El+mxeo0RtITDQQM9uROpEITboUrdOkluE0OTMkPYldAPUqAeX9FwyHSvDYih0TxciNhhypEHpnK3GBLVwa3F7UzuXhUm1W00BGlGB4LP53qRYOYuXyAbZcEC7Ky9SWT/prLS0TGDqvkBnZ4YU+Y/XAWvNTt6SnSqr5Q8MVh7fTHj+YpL0R5ykXJuSNpUhVGSMR9jV/A67ffiN+RDaA54tK/hjJYP+uEphkwx4giydP+t+6htIdtnBotr2ZV57wM38AohM0Gm9/fPc1PzbKW4HPbfPF6z6TY3sX32+XXm2AvTkbDLEVnW3ivsobaUJgVi7Pf/Ei3Jp28zKz7k+IOxoPU2f8NlPyoOpH5haRVuhgoKBzecCWzVirCXfm5oyE6HJ+iuJeUs0qYSyEOxeiL+2q0T+uDs+5PpV1LPqSM7hBS0C9PT7wbgYOl3i6thI2/SRmK8OpQcgLLClULKId63qmEoBS82j2AqwqHGSJYj7k3pvvWqOL9hgdiKcew5DMGhr7Q1UGJxjCNWIkFkEaIKBe+9SzNmoFVi1pmJwhwECh1ImQEZfTcUGsNPwezUuiGGs5E5NdqV7PA97pBkm4i5Bi3S93sUJY/F+G03YJgxWN+iKiIHU8XqonNX/KBJoP4teJigYWHEjbcLmmCiec4KOFFhNkDsttvbqgUbSAegUwk2razCWIKbbzj6WPenoDa/LBE5j6s6YpXzgL9YZZvJ4jIFtyzYqVjVtGFxdc3gxj0wk48bI2JQU/ELiDuEda+ddGuIovyLa7my2vIyirPuNteRmw+pxDNImll3A4HhQHKgNyU4569gVmzjZlvvPceCwKI3wCf7sHdRNMhC5o3Mi1A6rPzffAzYAQDuW7DycAYgkWYAroC40oO6x38t2f1dTMRvQmtuQnql0DppVE8J66YDgDA5cwWrlbZRlWVAYVhS4K4uI0pNohRNtlr9/y/8Ac2mhyDKp4zmUUb7JBlGmZC9qQA8H9/W1Jf/42q7PFkSIHwKW4wE0tgM6ntDvUrgECglDTYc1oq/G4lrkbvXn2tRZZx7yPakD1K9EsqheDEPVg5fi4gOFiLe6OkiWNgbTaGqA6qElgApQPJmMJteQAPA7VT6YO4ff9WaCWa/eKGnxVwqP7kUamgMC6UoZqjZZRvTlKesFEjbFLWO9wHwysrVkV0UPakbdjt0o6addKMjQ5yyxhgk7PCjo6o6EKg2wHxmTt7Rp8bhCKaNzxUzoxjShwUaIda5Uhternyq1Jq3hsKU9wN6J7BLBSDE1nQZYKdlubtYrDo8Pz7rM7ldrv0JkYOh5yiejUjlfbbYcTJZxtrwbnm5JNxwAtsCGLgWxqSNqKRkAkw66KBwtryCxQgTpL766uylSTBj3YqU94BhVi4YU8eRcYOMQHLw4m+iF9gKX6M2uguk2k8IhLALWBY/abNujmnF+vHUgL4xUgSAyoORlAwu80QP2D4tFs/MIH82OKw3o+B07s+xeMKQJ6j4IDcrJpxlO0SkbFA/Bq0guP3EVOvQ4sVK0CHK5xPSUYugr/hYSkZFNF4BBkLBPIBIfnzJoAUOa+2oRf24ij4WSwgJUcl44+O0q1tiHn/y+lS162/v4ddwhHEDwXYPVH1whKqllO+XgfViwccP3ROnHQJkH1+PA0L47r6LFlhagArkYbTl24/kUzP1J8hESwgsIwApZ8YMjgmOgwK6/J6Il5Zq8Roi9G0QTK4ll1lECTbUhBtOFmCj03hPRrdoi47PWCiWirSdjKMtqH99tVQjRNSCRFKKNfXDO61DmOnZglHMcTSWNU3hQCOOjD5cKSdEplQZmItkK2APk8fupR+aJLUlgVZ1H7qvcQoGNpAw978c2Oxj8QZ1Vw0wFX2HgQBn5+HJAMFY/IMJrcxVbFEKr8CbhCK9TOg9Cgreld/2IxC8atsgEYchqD9VlVRNqAXQYtKEIonCx3YgKkQmQfSYkMXXa6xEKBmhLcU+LyQ9ZFdCG/3ITYj9n+CTxVEhLRG/GajKAldbL7g2fE5LM8SWzLNCyPLQd7VRlVGRcgwV7knE2GLDvDNr2geKYQ2FYmoKaXljfq1+95nNmAAYLifZUWfwn7pPwM1iE5CjHrzxD3OpScRqAExlAf0KjmUNigWoXc0c9gYg4CQPJqoyJhTukCcI1zxteSqqI4jNEZQnxbzsEyd9ywB0XHAt8a7vz+oXGs9nwrI5maAD0mJF1FfXbirNslm+r9lVYY4W9Sq4/gpr+Ow59md/CO2e4ZYwZDcY6D3ukk728PbDUJRO8/Vk00qZEQ5ZEXMYbIA4eJwptxXTYXBizx+D6/BGlj6/dk+wjrJ/HfIeG1UnJk0GCWFFEnxXMbeF3v5beImKHmWCMaHt04VyFSHAJKo9GJu8uNixluK890KhvI7E6OvC4zxEZ1hMWk6ZOpii2I9tIs3rPgilcAfiEhGclL1I1tmdtXIOYUuMCjvW2VQjNmVr68v05IYvDQMA7+xxGW8pqmRDYTkH0JlzDxI9NAPQmahCzbAHk20+CEaxPxOOnBG3JzHzis4/T+PYn/duOOmA0wwaTFvbeWjN/8jDmRM/xko7WVDgkMHPvH9yVd1rBkD3KKMmuC67D+gDIZhtOQUnsQHTIk4L67Nf6mKTmChJTd28/6xE3HOlOvNmpoV2quJQsDV8ffMbB0EKxcAuMd3WRax0VNPBpiPbPAM/7+MrtI43wVYqQH2mlQjPqlamg9SO7D1fKAoKuzF3pjcaVLXMbtjc5n7CNN36UHXy1W5ErceIshLDW9+dKvDOIU8LMV5kS30av0pmAA+oXQAEjdnu9wNygkCUEp+n6hcdj/rhgVQc6h7ATyv8onpfak68uNyRd9yn65G/H+7hMKY1dO7Ixhg24oO4n20ivSg/LvcQxIMvO7RBxJKzIFPdikr8zcGAEh2STTZKnNTnugVkASOBhH/WE4TyucuHDPl226+rBE+dJUWLR/ZMsmVacekmZ5CZrkPKn2YcRNjzWvlUxt/+vtGJLZZEX5nB0MzRiIEpO67NqD3EJemOf9KIyul/f6gmy2h0GB7TgW0C10jzDwBK4s5ypP923YCIwZPfHtAko13dsvVdDEF0iOijnZJliTawxZjeYtldkLmq+RwDZUNbiDY8muw5GaBFvaya1cOjkeLgulvLenMqQOpw6BWy13avXtSs0I58XXGGc3DDNQ537/xJGZ0buGE4xHSMeny2t42I8jlf0h3YzZ2r6jwwbDD7f0f0ECwIGG7EBsyqZxbKsYD/L8vuFZ3WbWI44KDw40aEW6vPb3qRiVLmPfd7VOCHRkTSejBH7ZRUxVP8C5D+V0j7H1nPONZ0vIrXXdBGNVx+p7SV3F9jEX3Whk+U6WiKcfA0qdxH2z79gi9CjdGwGFSClqqlqdYvSEHQXLEhQBb8i3FEKj+2Tb+pfETMhV5NyZVM00eBD7VpIh4kZlUw6bJaQS2tZfyauzuMhG+Ar58Z+W1BKMdSMY0H24UsmIqBqQnWiHsqvAXFpBrJlBrbZ0DTZ6+QIxHwyK07fzItZBN/WVgbOskSMTK5142r+ypVKGvsVQz0F3GgQoLaMyOAkoNu8aaUWJ93RspyACy/aAu9VyrZcA/Bkz55201bzWiZBByzUZJm5bPWMaaNmW/r+fhuhzdXtOCKUh1waw2xSy0UvXxg7lJJxoHnUzQQYIwEjN5en9MdrvITkfMoOoKkXeDmFcQowM84N36ASpaLiM1EcQ7i1FipPao/OE4n/X0mvgHOCGNl7soaPzkSGUTAz//d8JhPSvWyez3kLjjgwsS5qe6RmBO32/apcA8e73J5anwd0/K5quNDUTACulQMdm+Mx898Sl5DTwZaJbzKfUAGy2QC9SIsgswtqEArxsOA7YGfZ9AUpg6BPPUlJ6h63PxB+/PTjzdDowqjN9umB5ZyTUruDVWibT1Gr3PVm9lJ4cGdV+jHtI7vrNPqFYDGohP/fOQRWnZsdB4u4fO3aTJugmnU4HmtaJ8Iw4jnAaJy50EG2178o9/sxz/nQU//rbZDz0KyTbjILTM8rMxQ8wJETqk2pR8HUGR5dC/gP550oNi5buq/5gNiNmkEMV9BTDJSr6UIqhxAXZ+rE7QI7yR+OtU1CQawW6VBRiYWP9HVXCzbmmrtfHFW6rMLSxdIZNkzGcxLxbJ4KpJVddG+hZfF6kOc9IYaNPe8zb4lju5fwzI8thfHyiWBi6X/XYr3CAfpWfCEmtYMP25cOtbwp1ufLyzEQQ30aq9tRVotYx3q92oKf1rAqotRqIODkonJiaH8WN800SYS6V0Z5ieXPEy2uE46eXpYQ6BDQfcp0T+QgQ0mPdhJf2Ydi0x1B1wkII1xnM3jAxiFvL2GCXK0SYXhvrWn/oRQa72UHU8GIIuSpXAoOIJ+YoJbQm0ZUCaD8dOQvlLFV7BmRC4nOhZrHder8GFeWSibGDvw4PdauceSJY5EZn1gHhNA7Ya1vB3QwBJN9WZmFCjBYvcCRCMYN+vyCeN/U98p2WuHAfhpdW6GKHrdjqQTYZ6oL1VAnTblgylgpu5S2FC5AFdbNSzWN+2pNrbLk7GT6daajfbKagkgE4P7jitVwoqhIYEM18Qx4qGOJUSsp7elQVexcce7QZHBmiYwMkfDCJjrjZmceB6ijNX8dV3DR0pebN8ix2qOO8alyT5biEezaMGd43r8Y1nTYgY3ZjRZNjhHKHoW3AayP4EaYcxlvzsRYvWFKZL56Kk0EqbzzKoOlCRHJ1L0E3pQ28qJKaH5MsP+Smwc6D4j/VTrngvES8p00LZFP0QLjYfIuEJOqogyk4ubdKTupmQwZi4jNleZNx9As77iOnHePDqR0zxXrNLRPB/07ePBcRZg2veSyd7G43cvjDHBWdphkvNfVLStzNxH0QmQnoNpTf+7mYBaF3KPyi24vmQOjyAwBKaJVI1Os7BI462iuKU1degwIRMpAhIwbjUSsDN2J60obxZIhWjx+MNhvl5Fw0Vc3AiRmVODvTuuzdvuxhzySxIHcCy9CrkBdPROi54I8qHlb9CwReoS0/1k0KJUtE/PHzhdKC8ivNjb+qliviyIYL69EkRrTRXQY3CGt8VsfT/0/+ILdJbCXwqPCdCAfklET8LB9ydqD/LlNDhYgdZxJPDqWQtSmJ7HSobYKKvcNj+QlbOi5Njpz2fDa4nrfVzj3FLAaiYvF9qDZ0wg2xFGBPdJrdGhIQ4P+A+frtU2HgiKNKVA+iV6bu6UxssT19CNtHGBhBa7eB8IiApeaS3Jf7lqkIeZcJuJVLlEkZu8KdLRrOWXgJ/rxvGorsYWjB9dqiBDkbqO3SIJbRlbcxE0YF4ZfbqVf4RP1m/OJu1S5zasoDwD4hSeNmoGNKDgf4e8CSFtAK/Xwsh+KWcRuax/eJwR/uwK6g0H7Smjkk/kJoH1uvvT9sSqwel7cjz/zF0dBl/mNeKschkJW5qcxALhod2CCXIADZmdh+HRkWCABDupWfwbhPXaaZMs7eaqHdGNdF9wQDsYZSBzu1SRUCEIDiy8WWNPVOjQbhYdS8IzJbE8cqDkQY1TIAS99R+eJrA6Ny3O7QF7WMaGZnEvl+QE6thcN7nuBStqOisi0KDrge4VYMqOWLdCCcfsJoriNiJ50jtz8fJ2ZGhd3mVJYhqcvsWOzzN5zfD/QDQfwjpNgfLRyxHPHljf5DJG0BErwvC7Y0HPzQJcbj1FDJg4mQzpLHIq2I5jHpuk1snJSx0CtF0C6KqT8QXfnBl47FCoX7m1ZI3I1SQjUCp551SnqOnIxVgY4+VHfXKd+XD7Ma3ktqD6HVt0VBGuULUrnbsfHNGGcEAyZUAKz8hrrZE2T0HBAxgS2kNofcJF90CtTc1GZpymJAQVJUxpfx5yxdFB8lIshc+kjsZX5jJ5VyJmvmvNRaxYDUwR3feJd3/wgbHElHtj0K90zsCbIuLoopENoc0vRcxu8YZ62qLutC8Yzszkvy+eeeG3nRxfFlcbB2c7cJ1RnBVJtjUzGleYAi5gUuBcUDyYHRi7labvgk+B1h3erOr2N0hZk9VMQFvKPlkefz9Gwqb/tyJBAnhpq8yUge/cyDINJwZjwT7PqDy2zECnAV6k5tSkQYAj6HRRGWdA22tBSPjewsrdFRJWgIocwZ131+ZBMMmqPJJ5zlJ/y3tl2K+7VA+ZcBzhAZfLas2bn+GNVMk8civZynNW4WzniIYii3Lo4xmkh6jzMl0QzM1kdeVxWWi3Jm0QVQHnHJh9QdOZpxFGlbQ1muJi0Q9plAMFhWetWsmU44jwGKTokj450xDiMOUnlTN+9rx94hrVzAcNWawsKjlUmFSYnvZylDGh9IfsAqaFAGkbKo7mXSHKOFXEqDi+bfMQKNSlvn7rQxT/LcpXE4sxhtl0AwIlTWDGxvvY9R913Odil8LWA1qf+p5A26BqtVhAnSL/WPgiV1JmFmP3+b0D2Nk537ldh8oQFyzdg2gBLNgaeYY1rRMoFZjSwWEJ/rNlxOzREJpqpGKTBYUFhmeqcIRIEg9UIqTq5Q0sJuZVXEjm3KF6vKRy9ZEQ4pS5ULwMJLvbUYgugdG/eDKoZYW5pG+u9Fv62SJ5tcbbbg0Aeoj/iVmAgVo8nIXRtgdgyr3QSwRfsVgP7OE9hM7RKe2lu9q8lY391loj6t30FgVhyoVLugGxj5bOr4aGjgSfuANCDBjZ3HINhJ1ctaVzf0l7rEnT+GyiNU8wYDkWAgui/o2KaSaRyb9BhnlSw+i89mEeugLj3gnZDIxCdsu6p/5I6yQw25NBASjUhMA2dkxEsRGXClh59Sn/Pdas/mHEIFzFYVks8JcyDum+6+Xx+k3ZHV54/+lwOu2d/Xf3ngJ74ZRE4kTYfsCe2m0aEJXxk5uVCPy0P1sbxzr/M5Yu6bEJXQstflWx5AC+FJBnj/BO99StVF2/oIFl3gLVjPXlLxjlC1PYlKzL0TzPPQuVnFgSP2SMQCUb3b+//h9FU+RnsdXMESOtZzWvlo2MEqiUJZsLPvq3LK36/RRkP85cjM1xLqJO2D+naqsopzveNh0BmUlCVxSuqyOocOdxvNUlk1o7+hy9mwkS7Gxz/c6x6kaYAIXxhCmiiPQcI/1RplFbTPKMSf8E2NOWcI57YFzWnXyaeKgYZ19RirAsVKk9VH6d933IsmZRMQQyks/UBZ6wdOjqsc+eaqqQIeGRds18di5jXh0+OBMidCPOxcISpxVK0oLJga0Cvitl+kAvp3l6wLypG1i7DmGu/8RhK9jDriO+Ct5/oVeZm9Vaw1+hQeXAsrJrfEjvC7rwa2Zk4piKNpTzmWbZwoeNNhtUVg8dHXij+IkLzSqLqMrmzP1m6YNC+u8Cxw2PHS1LhxRGmp5E4exdKynCR0Ps+QyQ2bkF7waKjpIbwrCUzgBLApjty+VjtgNg5fNCQFx6n0O8veU4YVB5z33RglORUaTFg0VHJn5ANwjIZJrvxMfmm6gXsatpwUmQD8aMPH1ETSHyy5sYn6vHQttbVsXrbfMeapuOGvf5y4Wti/ps1jaZKbgYa4hAvammcM5qx+ZjVkR4EpPPyqqy5YmmSgN1MoloSlyHFKnD0hcvCKNYgsNwnFs1KQACYoE1qxfwC7QS1EHkKVVDK1/x0JBkFzbH22/OYFODEfRDunkxAvXCv2oDpF5OtCwKMpNkMn+hAw=="
"DDBaANDfnVZ0g23U5xzS9xpNNmb/2pPbyu7aZ6IpeLw="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/366/Add.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: SPANISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 60", "EDUCATION AND INFORMATION FOR DISARMAMENT", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "CONTENTS", "Page", "II. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENTS", "Cuba ............................................................ 2", "93-60211 (E) 031193 031193 /...", "CUBA", "[Original: Spanish]", "[20 October 1993]", "1. A series of activities were conducted in 1992 to enhance knowledge of the major issues related to disarmament and arms control among officials, military experts, professionals and other persons dealing with or interested in such issues.", "2. The following were among the principal activities:", "(a) A four-month post-graduate course on defence strategies and arms control, at the Higher Institute of International Relations, which was attended by a total of 20 students;", "(b) Preparation of a post-graduate course on disarmament and arms control, which will be part of the training course for diplomats held annually at the Higher Institute of International Relations, which is attached to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cuba;", "(c) A five-month post-graduate course on disarmament and international security for military experts, organized by the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, for which several documents and papers and other types of course material were prepared;", "(d) Lecture on disarmament and arms control at the headquarters of the Movimiento Cubano por la Paz y la Soberanía de los Pueblos (Cuban Movement for Peace and Sovereignty of Peoples) on the occasion of Disarmament Week, which was attended by leading figures and specialists from various national agencies and organizations;", "(e) Lecture on the economic consequences of the arms race and other topics related to the disarmament and arms-control process at the National Defence College;", "(f) Lecture on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the measures being taken in the country to comply in future with its provisions at the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, and preparation of information on the matter;", "(g) Lecture on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the measures being taken to guarantee full observance of its provisions at the Faculty of Biology of the University of Havana;", "(h) Interviews of Ministry of Foreign Affairs officials and military experts with various information media to discuss the measures being adopted at the international level to promote the disarmament and arms-control process and the role played by Cuba in that process, as well as the main positions taken by Cuba on the issue;", "(i) Preparation and publication of various articles and papers dealing with various topics related to the disarmament and arms-control process;", "(j) Inclusion in specialized, university-level programmes related to the peaceful use of biological agents or toxins, of the main elements of the biological weapons Convention that are felt to be required knowledge fur future specialists in this field;", "(k) Workshop on aspects of security and disarmament in the European context, sponsored by the Centre for European Studies and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which was attended by over 50 Cuban specialists in this field and foreign guests.", "3. The foregoing is indicative of the serious efforts made by Cuba in 1992 to comply with the above-mentioned resolution by increasing the general knowledge that our officials, specialists and citizens in general have of the disarmament and arms-control process being conducted at the international level within the United Nations system, and of the importance that the international community attaches to that process in the defence of peace and international security.", "4. On the basis of those achievements and the experience gained, other activities are being prepared for 1993 to further strengthen and broaden the knowledge acquired by those officials, specialists and citizens in general of the disarmament and arms-control process, which is such a sensitive and important issue for our country. This reflects the seriousness and interest of the Government of the Republic of Cuba in complying, despite its current economic limitations, with the provisions of General Assembly resolution 46/27 of 6 December 1991.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/366/Add.1", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ESPAGNOL", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "Point 60 de l'ordre du jour", "EDUCATION ET INFORMATION EN MATIERE DE DESARMEMENT", "Rapport du Secrétaire général", "Additif", "TABLE DES MATIERES", "Page", "II. REPONSES RECUES DES GOUVERNEMENTS 2", "Cuba 2", "II. REPONSES RECUES DES GOUVERNEMENTS", "CUBA", "[Original : espagnol]", "[20 octobre 1993]", "1. Diverses activités ont été menées à bien en 1992 en vue de donner aux fonctionnaires et experts militaires, spécialistes et autres personnes s'intéressant à la question une meilleure connaissance des principaux aspects du désarmement et de la maîtrise des armements.", "2. Les principales activités ont été les suivantes :", "a) Organisation à l'Institut supérieur des relations internationales d'un cours de spécialisation de quatre mois, en matière de stratégies de défense et de maîtrise des armements, auquel ont participé 20 étudiants;", "b) Préparation d'un cours de spécialisation sur le désarmement et la maîtrise des armements qui fera partie intégrante du programme de formation des diplomates exécuté chaque année à l'Institut supérieur de relations internationales du Ministère des affaires étrangères de la République de Cuba;", "c) Organisation par le Ministère des forces armées révolutionnaires et le Ministère des affaires étrangères d'un cours de spécialisation de cinq mois en matière de désarmement et de sécurité internationale pour lequel divers documents et exposés ont été mis au point, ainsi que des travaux pratiques;", "d) Organisation, à l'occasion de la semaine du désarmement, d'une conférence sur le désarmement et la maîtrise des armements tenue au siège du mouvement cubain pour la paix et la souveraineté des peuples et à laquelle ont participé des personnalités et des spécialistes de différents organismes et organisations internationales;", "e) Organisation au collège de la défense nationale d'une conférence sur les conséquences économiques de la course aux armements et d'autres questions intéressant le désarmement et la maîtrise des armements;", "f) Organisation au Ministère des forces armées révolutionnaires d'une conférence ayant pour thème la convention sur l'interdiction et la limitation de la mise au point, de la fabrication, du stockage et de l'emploi des armes chimiques et sur leur destruction, ainsi que les mesures adoptées à Cuba pour en appliquer les dispositions, et préparation de matériel documentaire sur la question;", "g) Organisation à la faculté de biologie de l'Université de La Havane d'une conférence ayant pour thème la Convention sur l'interdiction de la mise au point, de la fabrication et du stockage des armes bactériologiques (biologiques) ou à toxines et sur leur destruction, ainsi que les mesures adoptées pour garantir le plein respect de ses dispositions;", "h) Entretiens accordés par des fonctionnaires du Ministère des affaires étrangères ainsi que par des experts militaires aux journalistes des divers médias pour exposer les mesures prises à l'échelon international en vue de promouvoir le processus de désarmement et de maîtrise des armements et faire connaître le rôle que joue Cuba dans ce processus et les principales mesures qu'elle a prises à cet effet;", "i) Elaboration et publication de divers articles et études traitant de différents thèmes intéressant le processus de désarmement et la maîtrise des armements;", "j) Introduction dans les programmes d'enseignement supérieur intéressant l'utilisation pacifique des agents biologiques et des toxines des principes fondamentaux de la Convention sur les armes biologiques que les étudiants qui se spécialisent dans ce domaine doivent connaître;", "k) Tenue d'un atelier sur les aspects de la sécurité et du désarmement dans le contexte européen organisé sous les auspices du Centre d'études européennes et du Ministère des affaires étrangères et auquel ont participé plus de 50 Cubains et invités étrangers spécialistes de la question.", "3. Cette liste d'activités atteste les sérieux efforts qu'a faits Cuba pendant l'année 1992 pour appliquer les dispositions de la résolution, en faisant mieux connaître à nos fonctionnaires, à nos spécialistes et au peuple cubain le processus de désarmement et de maîtrise des armements qui se déroule à l'échelon international dans le système des Nations Unies ainsi que l'importance de ce processus pour la communauté internationale et la promotion de la paix et de la sécurité internationales.", "4. Sur la base des résultats obtenus et de l'expérience acquise, d'autres activités sont en préparation pour 1993 afin de consolider et d'élargir encore les connaissances acquises par ces fonctionnaires, spécialistes et citoyens cubains au sujet du processus de désarmement et de maîtrise des armements, question délicate et qui tient à coeur au Gouvernement de la République de Cuba, comme l'atteste le sérieux et l'énergie avec lesquels il s'emploie, malgré tous les problèmes économiques actuels, à donner suite aux dispositions de la résolution 46/27 adoptée le 6 décembre 1991 par l'Assemblée générale.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/366/Add.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: SPANISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 60", "EDUCATION AND INFORMATION FOR DISARMAMENT", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "CONTENTS", "Page", "II. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENTS", "Cuba ............................................................ 2", "93-60211 (E) 031193 031193 /...", "CUBA", "[Original: Spanish]", "[20 October 1993]", "1. A series of activities were conducted in 1992 to enhance knowledge of the major issues related to disarmament and arms control among officials, military experts, professionals and other persons dealing with or interested in such issues.", "2. The following were among the principal activities:", "(a) A four-month post-graduate course on defence strategies and arms control, at the Higher Institute of International Relations, which was attended by a total of 20 students;", "(b) Preparation of a post-graduate course on disarmament and arms control, which will be part of the training course for diplomats held annually at the Higher Institute of International Relations, which is attached to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cuba;", "(c) A five-month post-graduate course on disarmament and international security for military experts, organized by the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, for which several documents and papers and other types of course material were prepared;", "(d) Lecture on disarmament and arms control at the headquarters of the Movimiento Cubano por la Paz y la Soberanía de los Pueblos (Cuban Movement for Peace and Sovereignty of Peoples) on the occasion of Disarmament Week, which was attended by leading figures and specialists from various national agencies and organizations;", "(e) Lecture on the economic consequences of the arms race and other topics related to the disarmament and arms-control process at the National Defence College;", "(f) Lecture on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the measures being taken in the country to comply in future with its provisions at the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, and preparation of information on the matter;", "(g) Lecture on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the measures being taken to guarantee full observance of its provisions at the Faculty of Biology of the University of Havana;", "(h) Interviews of Ministry of Foreign Affairs officials and military experts with various information media to discuss the measures being adopted at the international level to promote the disarmament and arms-control process and the role played by Cuba in that process, as well as the main positions taken by Cuba on the issue;", "(i) Preparation and publication of various articles and papers dealing with various topics related to the disarmament and arms-control process;", "(j) Inclusion in specialized, university-level programmes related to the peaceful use of biological agents or toxins, of the main elements of the biological weapons Convention that are felt to be required knowledge fur future specialists in this field;", "(k) Workshop on aspects of security and disarmament in the European context, sponsored by the Centre for European Studies and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which was attended by over 50 Cuban specialists in this field and foreign guests.", "3. The foregoing is indicative of the serious efforts made by Cuba in 1992 to comply with the above-mentioned resolution by increasing the general knowledge that our officials, specialists and citizens in general have of the disarmament and arms-control process being conducted at the international level within the United Nations system, and of the importance that the international community attaches to that process in the defence of peace and international security.", "4. On the basis of those achievements and the experience gained, other activities are being prepared for 1993 to further strengthen and broaden the knowledge acquired by those officials, specialists and citizens in general of the disarmament and arms-control process, which is such a sensitive and important issue for our country. This reflects the seriousness and interest of the Government of the Republic of Cuba in complying, despite its current economic limitations, with the provisions of General Assembly resolution 46/27 of 6 December 1991.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/366/Add.1", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 60", "EDUCATION AND INFORMATION IN THE MATTER OF DISARMAMENT", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "TABLE OF CONTENTS", "Page", "II.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENTS 2", "Cuba 2", "II.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENTS", "CUBA", "[Original: Spanish]", "[20 October 1993]", "1.Various activities were carried out in 1992 to give military officials and experts, specialists and others interested in the subject a better understanding of the main aspects of disarmament and arms control.", "2.The main activities were:", "(a) The organization of a four-month specialization course in defence and arms control strategies at the Higher Institute for International Relations, with 20 students participating;", "(b)Preparation of a specialized course on disarmament and arms control, which will form an integral part of the diplomat training programme carried out annually at the Higher Institute for International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cuba;", "(c) Organization by the Ministry of Revolutionary Armed Forces and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of a five-month specialization course in disarmament and international security for which various documents and presentations were developed, as well as practical work;", "(d)Organization of a conference on disarmament and arms control at the headquarters of the Cuban Movement for Peace and Sovereignty of Peoples, on the occasion of Disarmament Week, attended by personalities and experts from various international organizations and organizations;", "(e) Organization of a conference at the National Defence College on the economic consequences of the arms race and other disarmament and arms control issues;", "(f)Organization of a conference at the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces on the Convention on the Prohibition and Limitation of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, as well as measures adopted in Cuba to implement its provisions, and preparation of documentary material on the subject;", "(g) Organization of a conference at the Faculty of Biology, Havana University, on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, as well as measures adopted to ensure full compliance with its provisions;", "(h)Interviews with journalists from various media outlets by officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and military experts to discuss international measures to promote the disarmament and arms control process and to publicize the role and key measures taken by Cuba in this process;", "(i) Preparation and publication of various articles and studies on various topics relevant to the disarmament process and arms control;", "(j)Introduction of the basic principles of the Biological Weapons Convention to the peaceful use of biological agents and toxins in higher education programmes, which students who specialize in biological weapons should know;", "(k)A workshop on security and disarmament aspects in the European context was held under the auspices of the Centre for European Studies and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with the participation of more than 50 Cubans and foreign guests who are specialists in the field.", "3.This list of activities attests to the serious efforts made by Cuba in 1992 to implement the provisions of the resolution, by increasing awareness among our officials, specialists and the Cuban people of the international disarmament and arms control process in the United Nations system and the importance of this process for the international community and the promotion of international peace and security.", "4.Based on the results achieved and the experience gained, further activities are being prepared for 1993 to further consolidate and broaden the knowledge acquired by these Cuban officials, specialists and citizens on the disarmament and arms control process, a sensitive issue that is of great concern to the Government of the Republic of Cuba, as demonstrated by the seriousness and energy with which it is working, despite all the current economic problems, to implement the provisions of General Assembly resolution 46/27 of 6 December 1991.", "-----" ]	"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"
"0JTE2jeMG9GD9VoBNctxQES6F7EngPEYYP2nNn30wxk="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/366/Add.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: SPANISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 60", "EDUCATION AND INFORMATION FOR DISARMAMENT", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "CONTENTS", "Page", "II. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENTS", "Cuba ............................................................ 2", "93-60211 (E) 031193 031193 /...", "CUBA", "[Original: Spanish]", "[20 October 1993]", "1. A series of activities were conducted in 1992 to enhance knowledge of the major issues related to disarmament and arms control among officials, military experts, professionals and other persons dealing with or interested in such issues.", "2. The following were among the principal activities:", "(a) A four-month post-graduate course on defence strategies and arms control, at the Higher Institute of International Relations, which was attended by a total of 20 students;", "(b) Preparation of a post-graduate course on disarmament and arms control, which will be part of the training course for diplomats held annually at the Higher Institute of International Relations, which is attached to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cuba;", "(c) A five-month post-graduate course on disarmament and international security for military experts, organized by the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, for which several documents and papers and other types of course material were prepared;", "(d) Lecture on disarmament and arms control at the headquarters of the Movimiento Cubano por la Paz y la Soberanía de los Pueblos (Cuban Movement for Peace and Sovereignty of Peoples) on the occasion of Disarmament Week, which was attended by leading figures and specialists from various national agencies and organizations;", "(e) Lecture on the economic consequences of the arms race and other topics related to the disarmament and arms-control process at the National Defence College;", "(f) Lecture on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the measures being taken in the country to comply in future with its provisions at the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, and preparation of information on the matter;", "(g) Lecture on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the measures being taken to guarantee full observance of its provisions at the Faculty of Biology of the University of Havana;", "(h) Interviews of Ministry of Foreign Affairs officials and military experts with various information media to discuss the measures being adopted at the international level to promote the disarmament and arms-control process and the role played by Cuba in that process, as well as the main positions taken by Cuba on the issue;", "(i) Preparation and publication of various articles and papers dealing with various topics related to the disarmament and arms-control process;", "(j) Inclusion in specialized, university-level programmes related to the peaceful use of biological agents or toxins, of the main elements of the biological weapons Convention that are felt to be required knowledge fur future specialists in this field;", "(k) Workshop on aspects of security and disarmament in the European context, sponsored by the Centre for European Studies and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which was attended by over 50 Cuban specialists in this field and foreign guests.", "3. The foregoing is indicative of the serious efforts made by Cuba in 1992 to comply with the above-mentioned resolution by increasing the general knowledge that our officials, specialists and citizens in general have of the disarmament and arms-control process being conducted at the international level within the United Nations system, and of the importance that the international community attaches to that process in the defence of peace and international security.", "4. On the basis of those achievements and the experience gained, other activities are being prepared for 1993 to further strengthen and broaden the knowledge acquired by those officials, specialists and citizens in general of the disarmament and arms-control process, which is such a sensitive and important issue for our country. This reflects the seriousness and interest of the Government of the Republic of Cuba in complying, despite its current economic limitations, with the provisions of General Assembly resolution 46/27 of 6 December 1991.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/366/Add.1", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ORIGINAL: ESPAÑOL", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "Tema 60 del programa", "EDUCACION E INFORMACION PARA EL DESARME", "Informe del Secretario General", "Adición", "INDICE", "Página", "II. RESPUESTAS RECIBIDAS DE LOS GOBIERNOS 2", "Cuba 2", "II. RESPUESTAS RECIBIDAS DE LOS GOBIERNOS", "CUBA", "[Original: español]", "[20 de octubre de 1993]", "1. Durante el año 1992 se llevaron a cabo un conjunto de actividades con el fin de promover un mayor conocimiento sobre los asuntos más importantes relacionados con el desarme y el control de los armamentos por parte de los funcionarios, expertos militares, profesionales y de otras personas que están asociadas o se interesan por estos asuntos.", "2. Entre las principales actividades desarrolladas se destacan las siguientes:", "a) Desarrollo de un curso de postgrado en el Instituto Superior de relaciones Internacionales sobre estrategias de defensa y el control de armamentos, por espacio de cuatro meses y al que asistieron un total de 20 alumnos;", "b) Preparación de un curso de postgrado sobre desarme y control de armamentos que será impartido en el curso de formación de diplomáticos que cada año se lleva a cabo en el Instituto Superior de Relaciones Internacionales del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Cuba;", "c) Desarrollo de un curso de postgrado para la preparación de expertos militares sobre desarme y seguridad internacional, organizado por el Ministerio de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias y el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, el que tuvo una duración de cinco meses, y para el que fueron elaborados varios documentos y ponencias, así como diferentes trabajos de curso;", "d) Conferencia sobre desarme y control de armamentos en la sede del Movimiento Cubano por la Paz y la Soberanía de los Pueblos, con motivo de la Semana del Desarme y a la que asistieron personalidades y especialistas de diferentes organismos y organizaciones nacionales;", "e) Conferencia en el Colegio de Defensa Nacional sobre las consecuencias económicas de la carrera de armamentos y otros temas afines al proceso de desarme y el control de los armamentos;", "f) Conferencia en el Ministerio de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias sobre la Convención sobre la prohibición del desarrollo, la producción, el almacenamiento y el empleo de armas químicas y sobre su destrucción, y las medidas que se están adoptando en el país para el cumplimiento futuro de sus disposiciones, y preparación de un material informativo sobre el asunto;", "g) Conferencia en la Facultad de Biología de la Universidad de La Habana sobre la Convención sobre la prohibición del desarrollo, la producción y el almacenamiento de las armas bacteriológicas (biológicas) y toxínicas y sobre su destrucción, y las medidas que se están adoptando para garantizar la plena observancia de sus disposiciones;", "h) Entrevistas realizadas por parte de funcionarios del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y por expertos militares con diferentes medios de divulgación, donde se consideraron las medidas que a nivel internacional se estaban adoptando para impulsar el proceso de desarme y el control de los armamentos, y el papel jugado por Cuba en el mismo, así como las principales posiciones asumidas por el país al respecto;", "i) Preparación y publicación de diversos artículos y trabajos donde han sido abordados diversos temas relacionados con el proceso de desarme y del control de armamentos;", "j) Introducción en los programas de la enseñanza superior de especialidades afines a la esfera del uso pacífico de los agentes biológicos y toxinas, de los elementos fundamentales asociados a la Convención sobre armas biológicas que se han estimado deben ser de conocimiento de los futuros especialistas que laboran en esta esfera;", "k) Celebración de un taller sobre aspectos de seguridad y desarme en el contexto europeo auspiciado por el Centro de Estudios de Europa y el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, y a la que asistieron más de 50 especialistas cubanos en esta temática e invitados extranjeros.", "3. De lo expresado anteriormente puede apreciarse el serio esfuerzo realizado durante el año 1992 por parte de Cuba para cumplir con lo indicado en la referida resolución, lográndose aumentar el nivel de conocimientos generales que nuestros funcionarios, especialistas y ciudadanos en general tienen sobre el proceso de desarme y control de armamentos que a nivel internacional se está llevando a cabo en el seno del sistema de las Naciones Unidas, así como de la importancia que dicho proceso tiene para la comunidad internacional en defensa de la paz y la seguridad internacionales.", "4. Sobre la base de los resultados alcanzados y la experiencia obtenida se preparan otras actividades para ser realizadas durante el año 1993, que consolidarán y ampliarán aún más los conocimientos adquiridos por dichos funcionarios, especialistas y ciudadanos en general sobre el proceso de desarme y control de armamentos, tan sensible e importante para nuestro país, lo que refleja la seriedad y el interés del Gobierno de la República de Cuba, aun con las limitaciones económicas existentes, de cumplir con lo dispuesto en la resolución 46/27 de la Asamblea General, de 6 de diciembre de 1991.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/366/Add.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: SPANISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 60", "EDUCATION AND INFORMATION FOR DISARMAMENT", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "CONTENTS", "Page", "II. REPLIES RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENTS", "Cuba ............................................................ 2", "93-60211 (E) 031193 031193 /...", "CUBA", "[Original: Spanish]", "[20 October 1993]", "1. A series of activities were conducted in 1992 to enhance knowledge of the major issues related to disarmament and arms control among officials, military experts, professionals and other persons dealing with or interested in such issues.", "2. The following were among the principal activities:", "(a) A four-month post-graduate course on defence strategies and arms control, at the Higher Institute of International Relations, which was attended by a total of 20 students;", "(b) Preparation of a post-graduate course on disarmament and arms control, which will be part of the training course for diplomats held annually at the Higher Institute of International Relations, which is attached to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cuba;", "(c) A five-month post-graduate course on disarmament and international security for military experts, organized by the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, for which several documents and papers and other types of course material were prepared;", "(d) Lecture on disarmament and arms control at the headquarters of the Movimiento Cubano por la Paz y la Soberanía de los Pueblos (Cuban Movement for Peace and Sovereignty of Peoples) on the occasion of Disarmament Week, which was attended by leading figures and specialists from various national agencies and organizations;", "(e) Lecture on the economic consequences of the arms race and other topics related to the disarmament and arms-control process at the National Defence College;", "(f) Lecture on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the measures being taken in the country to comply in future with its provisions at the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, and preparation of information on the matter;", "(g) Lecture on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the measures being taken to guarantee full observance of its provisions at the Faculty of Biology of the University of Havana;", "(h) Interviews of Ministry of Foreign Affairs officials and military experts with various information media to discuss the measures being adopted at the international level to promote the disarmament and arms-control process and the role played by Cuba in that process, as well as the main positions taken by Cuba on the issue;", "(i) Preparation and publication of various articles and papers dealing with various topics related to the disarmament and arms-control process;", "(j) Inclusion in specialized, university-level programmes related to the peaceful use of biological agents or toxins, of the main elements of the biological weapons Convention that are felt to be required knowledge fur future specialists in this field;", "(k) Workshop on aspects of security and disarmament in the European context, sponsored by the Centre for European Studies and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which was attended by over 50 Cuban specialists in this field and foreign guests.", "3. The foregoing is indicative of the serious efforts made by Cuba in 1992 to comply with the above-mentioned resolution by increasing the general knowledge that our officials, specialists and citizens in general have of the disarmament and arms-control process being conducted at the international level within the United Nations system, and of the importance that the international community attaches to that process in the defence of peace and international security.", "4. On the basis of those achievements and the experience gained, other activities are being prepared for 1993 to further strengthen and broaden the knowledge acquired by those officials, specialists and citizens in general of the disarmament and arms-control process, which is such a sensitive and important issue for our country. This reflects the seriousness and interest of the Government of the Republic of Cuba in complying, despite its current economic limitations, with the provisions of General Assembly resolution 46/27 of 6 December 1991.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 366 / Add.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH", "Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 60", "EDUCATION AND INFORMATION FOR DISARMAMENT", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "CONTENTS", "Page", "II.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENTS 2", "Cuba 2", "II.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENTS", "CUBA", "[Original: Spanish]", "[20 October 1993]", "1.A set of activities was carried out in 1992 to promote greater knowledge of the most important issues related to disarmament and arms control by officials, military experts, professionals and others who are associated with or interested in these issues.", "2.The main activities undertaken include:", "(a)Development of a graduate course at the Higher Institute for International Relations on defence strategies and arms control, for four months, attended by a total of 20 students;", "(b)Preparation of a post-graduate course on disarmament and arms control to be conducted during the training of diplomats each year at the Higher Institute for International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cuba;", "(c)Development of a graduate course for the preparation of military experts on disarmament and international security, organized by the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which lasted five months, and for which several documents and presentations were prepared, as well as various course work;", "(d) Conference on disarmament and arms control at the headquarters of the Cuban Movement for Peace and Peoples' Sovereignty, on the occasion of the Disarmament Week, attended by personalities and specialists from different national agencies and organizations;", "(e) Conference at the National Defence College on the economic consequences of the arms race and other issues related to the disarmament process and arms control;", "(f) Conference at the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the measures being taken in the country for the future implementation of its provisions, and the preparation of information material on the matter;", "(g) Conference at the Faculty of Biology of the University of Havana on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the measures being taken to ensure full compliance with its provisions;", "(h)Interviews by officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and military experts with different media, where international efforts to advance the disarmament process and arms control were considered, and the role played by Cuba in the process, as well as the main positions taken by the country in this regard;", "(i)Preparation and publication of various articles and work where various issues related to the disarmament and arms control process have been addressed;", "(j)Introduction to higher education programmes of specialties related to the peaceful use of biological agents and toxins of the key elements associated with the Biological Weapons Convention that have been estimated should be the knowledge of future specialists working in this field;", "(k)A workshop on security and disarmament issues in the European context was held under the auspices of the European Studies Centre and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and was attended by more than 50 Cuban specialists in this area and foreign guests.", "3.The above-mentioned view can be seen from the serious effort made by Cuba during 1992 to comply with the above-mentioned resolution, and the overall knowledge of the international community in the defence of international peace and security is being increased.", "4.Based on the results achieved and the experience gained, other activities are being prepared for implementation during 1993, which will further consolidate and expand the knowledge gained by those officials, specialists and citizens in general on the process of disarmament and arms control, which is so sensitive and important to our country, reflecting the seriousness and interest of the Government of the Republic of Cuba, even with the existing economic constraints, in complying with General Assembly resolution 46 / 27 of 6 December 1991.", "-----" ]	"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"
"v+/uQHAO1PN95XwOBXZt2bcIL8wM18Gu7FFrNR5/zH4="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/366/Add.1", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ESPAGNOL", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "Point 60 de l'ordre du jour", "EDUCATION ET INFORMATION EN MATIERE DE DESARMEMENT", "Rapport du Secrétaire général", "Additif", "TABLE DES MATIERES", "Page", "II. REPONSES RECUES DES GOUVERNEMENTS 2", "Cuba 2", "II. REPONSES RECUES DES GOUVERNEMENTS", "CUBA", "[Original : espagnol]", "[20 octobre 1993]", "1. Diverses activités ont été menées à bien en 1992 en vue de donner aux fonctionnaires et experts militaires, spécialistes et autres personnes s'intéressant à la question une meilleure connaissance des principaux aspects du désarmement et de la maîtrise des armements.", "2. Les principales activités ont été les suivantes :", "a) Organisation à l'Institut supérieur des relations internationales d'un cours de spécialisation de quatre mois, en matière de stratégies de défense et de maîtrise des armements, auquel ont participé 20 étudiants;", "b) Préparation d'un cours de spécialisation sur le désarmement et la maîtrise des armements qui fera partie intégrante du programme de formation des diplomates exécuté chaque année à l'Institut supérieur de relations internationales du Ministère des affaires étrangères de la République de Cuba;", "c) Organisation par le Ministère des forces armées révolutionnaires et le Ministère des affaires étrangères d'un cours de spécialisation de cinq mois en matière de désarmement et de sécurité internationale pour lequel divers documents et exposés ont été mis au point, ainsi que des travaux pratiques;", "d) Organisation, à l'occasion de la semaine du désarmement, d'une conférence sur le désarmement et la maîtrise des armements tenue au siège du mouvement cubain pour la paix et la souveraineté des peuples et à laquelle ont participé des personnalités et des spécialistes de différents organismes et organisations internationales;", "e) Organisation au collège de la défense nationale d'une conférence sur les conséquences économiques de la course aux armements et d'autres questions intéressant le désarmement et la maîtrise des armements;", "f) Organisation au Ministère des forces armées révolutionnaires d'une conférence ayant pour thème la convention sur l'interdiction et la limitation de la mise au point, de la fabrication, du stockage et de l'emploi des armes chimiques et sur leur destruction, ainsi que les mesures adoptées à Cuba pour en appliquer les dispositions, et préparation de matériel documentaire sur la question;", "g) Organisation à la faculté de biologie de l'Université de La Havane d'une conférence ayant pour thème la Convention sur l'interdiction de la mise au point, de la fabrication et du stockage des armes bactériologiques (biologiques) ou à toxines et sur leur destruction, ainsi que les mesures adoptées pour garantir le plein respect de ses dispositions;", "h) Entretiens accordés par des fonctionnaires du Ministère des affaires étrangères ainsi que par des experts militaires aux journalistes des divers médias pour exposer les mesures prises à l'échelon international en vue de promouvoir le processus de désarmement et de maîtrise des armements et faire connaître le rôle que joue Cuba dans ce processus et les principales mesures qu'elle a prises à cet effet;", "i) Elaboration et publication de divers articles et études traitant de différents thèmes intéressant le processus de désarmement et la maîtrise des armements;", "j) Introduction dans les programmes d'enseignement supérieur intéressant l'utilisation pacifique des agents biologiques et des toxines des principes fondamentaux de la Convention sur les armes biologiques que les étudiants qui se spécialisent dans ce domaine doivent connaître;", "k) Tenue d'un atelier sur les aspects de la sécurité et du désarmement dans le contexte européen organisé sous les auspices du Centre d'études européennes et du Ministère des affaires étrangères et auquel ont participé plus de 50 Cubains et invités étrangers spécialistes de la question.", "3. Cette liste d'activités atteste les sérieux efforts qu'a faits Cuba pendant l'année 1992 pour appliquer les dispositions de la résolution, en faisant mieux connaître à nos fonctionnaires, à nos spécialistes et au peuple cubain le processus de désarmement et de maîtrise des armements qui se déroule à l'échelon international dans le système des Nations Unies ainsi que l'importance de ce processus pour la communauté internationale et la promotion de la paix et de la sécurité internationales.", "4. Sur la base des résultats obtenus et de l'expérience acquise, d'autres activités sont en préparation pour 1993 afin de consolider et d'élargir encore les connaissances acquises par ces fonctionnaires, spécialistes et citoyens cubains au sujet du processus de désarmement et de maîtrise des armements, question délicate et qui tient à coeur au Gouvernement de la République de Cuba, comme l'atteste le sérieux et l'énergie avec lesquels il s'emploie, malgré tous les problèmes économiques actuels, à donner suite aux dispositions de la résolution 46/27 adoptée le 6 décembre 1991 par l'Assemblée générale.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/366/Add.1", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ORIGINAL: ESPAÑOL", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "Tema 60 del programa", "EDUCACION E INFORMACION PARA EL DESARME", "Informe del Secretario General", "Adición", "INDICE", "Página", "II. RESPUESTAS RECIBIDAS DE LOS GOBIERNOS 2", "Cuba 2", "II. RESPUESTAS RECIBIDAS DE LOS GOBIERNOS", "CUBA", "[Original: español]", "[20 de octubre de 1993]", "1. Durante el año 1992 se llevaron a cabo un conjunto de actividades con el fin de promover un mayor conocimiento sobre los asuntos más importantes relacionados con el desarme y el control de los armamentos por parte de los funcionarios, expertos militares, profesionales y de otras personas que están asociadas o se interesan por estos asuntos.", "2. Entre las principales actividades desarrolladas se destacan las siguientes:", "a) Desarrollo de un curso de postgrado en el Instituto Superior de relaciones Internacionales sobre estrategias de defensa y el control de armamentos, por espacio de cuatro meses y al que asistieron un total de 20 alumnos;", "b) Preparación de un curso de postgrado sobre desarme y control de armamentos que será impartido en el curso de formación de diplomáticos que cada año se lleva a cabo en el Instituto Superior de Relaciones Internacionales del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Cuba;", "c) Desarrollo de un curso de postgrado para la preparación de expertos militares sobre desarme y seguridad internacional, organizado por el Ministerio de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias y el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, el que tuvo una duración de cinco meses, y para el que fueron elaborados varios documentos y ponencias, así como diferentes trabajos de curso;", "d) Conferencia sobre desarme y control de armamentos en la sede del Movimiento Cubano por la Paz y la Soberanía de los Pueblos, con motivo de la Semana del Desarme y a la que asistieron personalidades y especialistas de diferentes organismos y organizaciones nacionales;", "e) Conferencia en el Colegio de Defensa Nacional sobre las consecuencias económicas de la carrera de armamentos y otros temas afines al proceso de desarme y el control de los armamentos;", "f) Conferencia en el Ministerio de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias sobre la Convención sobre la prohibición del desarrollo, la producción, el almacenamiento y el empleo de armas químicas y sobre su destrucción, y las medidas que se están adoptando en el país para el cumplimiento futuro de sus disposiciones, y preparación de un material informativo sobre el asunto;", "g) Conferencia en la Facultad de Biología de la Universidad de La Habana sobre la Convención sobre la prohibición del desarrollo, la producción y el almacenamiento de las armas bacteriológicas (biológicas) y toxínicas y sobre su destrucción, y las medidas que se están adoptando para garantizar la plena observancia de sus disposiciones;", "h) Entrevistas realizadas por parte de funcionarios del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y por expertos militares con diferentes medios de divulgación, donde se consideraron las medidas que a nivel internacional se estaban adoptando para impulsar el proceso de desarme y el control de los armamentos, y el papel jugado por Cuba en el mismo, así como las principales posiciones asumidas por el país al respecto;", "i) Preparación y publicación de diversos artículos y trabajos donde han sido abordados diversos temas relacionados con el proceso de desarme y del control de armamentos;", "j) Introducción en los programas de la enseñanza superior de especialidades afines a la esfera del uso pacífico de los agentes biológicos y toxinas, de los elementos fundamentales asociados a la Convención sobre armas biológicas que se han estimado deben ser de conocimiento de los futuros especialistas que laboran en esta esfera;", "k) Celebración de un taller sobre aspectos de seguridad y desarme en el contexto europeo auspiciado por el Centro de Estudios de Europa y el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, y a la que asistieron más de 50 especialistas cubanos en esta temática e invitados extranjeros.", "3. De lo expresado anteriormente puede apreciarse el serio esfuerzo realizado durante el año 1992 por parte de Cuba para cumplir con lo indicado en la referida resolución, lográndose aumentar el nivel de conocimientos generales que nuestros funcionarios, especialistas y ciudadanos en general tienen sobre el proceso de desarme y control de armamentos que a nivel internacional se está llevando a cabo en el seno del sistema de las Naciones Unidas, así como de la importancia que dicho proceso tiene para la comunidad internacional en defensa de la paz y la seguridad internacionales.", "4. Sobre la base de los resultados alcanzados y la experiencia obtenida se preparan otras actividades para ser realizadas durante el año 1993, que consolidarán y ampliarán aún más los conocimientos adquiridos por dichos funcionarios, especialistas y ciudadanos en general sobre el proceso de desarme y control de armamentos, tan sensible e importante para nuestro país, lo que refleja la seriedad y el interés del Gobierno de la República de Cuba, aun con las limitaciones económicas existentes, de cumplir con lo dispuesto en la resolución 46/27 de la Asamblea General, de 6 de diciembre de 1991.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/366/Add.1", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 60", "EDUCATION AND INFORMATION IN THE MATTER OF DISARMAMENT", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "TABLE OF CONTENTS", "Page", "II.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENTS 2", "Cuba 2", "II.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENTS", "CUBA", "[Original: Spanish]", "[20 October 1993]", "1.Various activities were carried out in 1992 to give military officials and experts, specialists and others interested in the subject a better understanding of the main aspects of disarmament and arms control.", "2.The main activities were:", "(a) The organization of a four-month specialization course in defence and arms control strategies at the Higher Institute for International Relations, with 20 students participating;", "(b)Preparation of a specialized course on disarmament and arms control, which will form an integral part of the diplomat training programme carried out annually at the Higher Institute for International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cuba;", "(c) Organization by the Ministry of Revolutionary Armed Forces and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of a five-month specialization course in disarmament and international security for which various documents and presentations were developed, as well as practical work;", "(d)Organization of a conference on disarmament and arms control at the headquarters of the Cuban Movement for Peace and Sovereignty of Peoples, on the occasion of Disarmament Week, attended by personalities and experts from various international organizations and organizations;", "(e) Organization of a conference at the National Defence College on the economic consequences of the arms race and other disarmament and arms control issues;", "(f)Organization of a conference at the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces on the Convention on the Prohibition and Limitation of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, as well as measures adopted in Cuba to implement its provisions, and preparation of documentary material on the subject;", "(g) Organization of a conference at the Faculty of Biology, Havana University, on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, as well as measures adopted to ensure full compliance with its provisions;", "(h)Interviews with journalists from various media outlets by officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and military experts to discuss international measures to promote the disarmament and arms control process and to publicize the role and key measures taken by Cuba in this process;", "(i) Preparation and publication of various articles and studies on various topics relevant to the disarmament process and arms control;", "(j)Introduction of the basic principles of the Biological Weapons Convention to the peaceful use of biological agents and toxins in higher education programmes, which students who specialize in biological weapons should know;", "(k)A workshop on security and disarmament aspects in the European context was held under the auspices of the Centre for European Studies and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with the participation of more than 50 Cubans and foreign guests who are specialists in the field.", "3.This list of activities attests to the serious efforts made by Cuba in 1992 to implement the provisions of the resolution, by increasing awareness among our officials, specialists and the Cuban people of the international disarmament and arms control process in the United Nations system and the importance of this process for the international community and the promotion of international peace and security.", "4.Based on the results achieved and the experience gained, further activities are being prepared for 1993 to further consolidate and broaden the knowledge acquired by these Cuban officials, specialists and citizens on the disarmament and arms control process, a sensitive issue that is of great concern to the Government of the Republic of Cuba, as demonstrated by the seriousness and energy with which it is working, despite all the current economic problems, to implement the provisions of General Assembly resolution 46/27 of 6 December 1991.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 366 / Add.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH", "Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 60", "EDUCATION AND INFORMATION FOR DISARMAMENT", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Addendum", "CONTENTS", "Page", "II.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENTS 2", "Cuba 2", "II.REPLIES RECEIVED FROM GOVERNMENTS", "CUBA", "[Original: Spanish]", "[20 October 1993]", "1.A set of activities was carried out in 1992 to promote greater knowledge of the most important issues related to disarmament and arms control by officials, military experts, professionals and others who are associated with or interested in these issues.", "2.The main activities undertaken include:", "(a)Development of a graduate course at the Higher Institute for International Relations on defence strategies and arms control, for four months, attended by a total of 20 students;", "(b)Preparation of a post-graduate course on disarmament and arms control to be conducted during the training of diplomats each year at the Higher Institute for International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cuba;", "(c)Development of a graduate course for the preparation of military experts on disarmament and international security, organized by the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which lasted five months, and for which several documents and presentations were prepared, as well as various course work;", "(d) Conference on disarmament and arms control at the headquarters of the Cuban Movement for Peace and Peoples' Sovereignty, on the occasion of the Disarmament Week, attended by personalities and specialists from different national agencies and organizations;", "(e) Conference at the National Defence College on the economic consequences of the arms race and other issues related to the disarmament process and arms control;", "(f) Conference at the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the measures being taken in the country for the future implementation of its provisions, and the preparation of information material on the matter;", "(g) Conference at the Faculty of Biology of the University of Havana on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the measures being taken to ensure full compliance with its provisions;", "(h)Interviews by officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and military experts with different media, where international efforts to advance the disarmament process and arms control were considered, and the role played by Cuba in the process, as well as the main positions taken by the country in this regard;", "(i)Preparation and publication of various articles and work where various issues related to the disarmament and arms control process have been addressed;", "(j)Introduction to higher education programmes of specialties related to the peaceful use of biological agents and toxins of the key elements associated with the Biological Weapons Convention that have been estimated should be the knowledge of future specialists working in this field;", "(k)A workshop on security and disarmament issues in the European context was held under the auspices of the European Studies Centre and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and was attended by more than 50 Cuban specialists in this area and foreign guests.", "3.The above-mentioned view can be seen from the serious effort made by Cuba during 1992 to comply with the above-mentioned resolution, and the overall knowledge of the international community in the defence of international peace and security is being increased.", "4.Based on the results achieved and the experience gained, other activities are being prepared for implementation during 1993, which will further consolidate and expand the knowledge gained by those officials, specialists and citizens in general on the process of disarmament and arms control, which is so sensitive and important to our country, reflecting the seriousness and interest of the Government of the Republic of Cuba, even with the existing economic constraints, in complying with General Assembly resolution 46 / 27 of 6 December 1991.", "-----" 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"iBIVfMZWJ9W8h6U+DU77UAVbYPxpsrCjH7EZ/9Ldif0="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/336/Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 24", "UNITED NATIONS NEW AGENDA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT", "OF AFRICA IN THE 1990s", "Mobilization of additional resources for African economic", "recovery and development: a study on overall resource", "flows to Africa", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "Page 11, paragraph 25", "The third sentence should read", "Bilateral ODA flows from France to Africa were the highest among DAC countries, accounting for 28.9 per cent of the total bilateral flows.", "-----", "93-60229 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/336/Corr.1", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "Point 24 de l'ordre du jour", "NOUVEL ORDRE DU JOUR DES NATIONS UNIES POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT", "DE L'AFRIQUE DANS LES ANNEES 90", "Mobilisation de ressources supplémentaires pour le redressement", "et le développement économiques africains : analyse des flux", "globaux de ressources à destination de l'Afrique", "Rapport du Secrétaire général", "Rectificatif", "Page 14, paragraphe 25", "La troisième phrase doit se lire comme suit :", "La France est le pays du CAD qui a fourni le plus gros volume d'aide bilatérale à l'Afrique; ses apports représentent 28 % des apports totaux d'aide bilatérale à l'Afrique.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/336/Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 24", "UNITED NATIONS NEW AGENDA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT", "OF AFRICA IN THE 1990s", "Mobilization of additional resources for African economic", "recovery and development: a study on overall resource", "flows to Africa", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "Page 11, paragraph 25", "The third sentence should read", "Bilateral ODA flows from France to Africa were the highest among DAC countries, accounting for 28.9 per cent of the total bilateral flows.", "-----", "93-60229 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/336/Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 24", "NEW UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT AGENDA", "IN THE 1990s", "Mobilization of additional resources for recovery", "African Economic Development: Analysis of Flows", "Global resources for Africa", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "Page 14, paragraph 25", "The third sentence should read", "France is the DAC country that has provided the largest volume of bilateral aid to Africa;The Bank's contributions represent 28 per cent of total bilateral aid to Africa.", "-----" ]	"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"
"15j5oS1ofIi896vyh5OGB9spDx6fhguZ+CY+9rSHlfw="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/336/Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 24", "UNITED NATIONS NEW AGENDA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT", "OF AFRICA IN THE 1990s", "Mobilization of additional resources for African economic", "recovery and development: a study on overall resource", "flows to Africa", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "Page 11, paragraph 25", "The third sentence should read", "Bilateral ODA flows from France to Africa were the highest among DAC countries, accounting for 28.9 per cent of the total bilateral flows.", "-----", "93-60229 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/336/Corr.1", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "Tema 24 del programa", "NUEVO PROGRAMA DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA EL", "DESARROLLO DE AFRICA EN EL DECENIO DE 1990", "Movilización de recursos adicionales para la recuperación", "económica y el desarrollo de Africa: estudio sobre las", "corrientes globales de recursos hacia Africa", "Informe del Secretario General", "Corrección", "Página 15, párrafo 25", "Sustitúyase la tercera oración por la siguiente:", "Las corrientes bilaterales de AOD de Francia a Africa fueron las más cuantiosas entre los países del CAD, constituyendo el 28,9% del total de las corrientes bilaterales.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/336/Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 24", "UNITED NATIONS NEW AGENDA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT", "OF AFRICA IN THE 1990s", "Mobilization of additional resources for African economic", "recovery and development: a study on overall resource", "flows to Africa", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "Page 11, paragraph 25", "The third sentence should read", "Bilateral ODA flows from France to Africa were the highest among DAC countries, accounting for 28.9 per cent of the total bilateral flows.", "-----", "93-60229 (E) 021193" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 336 / Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 24", "NEW UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME FOR THE", "AFRICA DEVELOPMENT IN THE 1990s", "Mobilization of additional resources for recovery", "and development of Africa: study on the", "Global resource flows to Africa", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "Page 15, paragraph 25", "Replace the third sentence with the following:", "Bilateral ODA flows from France to Africa were the largest among DAC countries, representing 28.9 per cent of total bilateral flows.", "-----" ]	"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"
"mEKhPJJDV7PTuXs7xzCeTKoJZDYNdXq1FJUBUIiR27k="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/336/Corr.1", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "Point 24 de l'ordre du jour", "NOUVEL ORDRE DU JOUR DES NATIONS UNIES POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT", "DE L'AFRIQUE DANS LES ANNEES 90", "Mobilisation de ressources supplémentaires pour le redressement", "et le développement économiques africains : analyse des flux", "globaux de ressources à destination de l'Afrique", "Rapport du Secrétaire général", "Rectificatif", "Page 14, paragraphe 25", "La troisième phrase doit se lire comme suit :", "La France est le pays du CAD qui a fourni le plus gros volume d'aide bilatérale à l'Afrique; ses apports représentent 28 % des apports totaux d'aide bilatérale à l'Afrique.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/336/Corr.1", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "Tema 24 del programa", "NUEVO PROGRAMA DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA EL", "DESARROLLO DE AFRICA EN EL DECENIO DE 1990", "Movilización de recursos adicionales para la recuperación", "económica y el desarrollo de Africa: estudio sobre las", "corrientes globales de recursos hacia Africa", "Informe del Secretario General", "Corrección", "Página 15, párrafo 25", "Sustitúyase la tercera oración por la siguiente:", "Las corrientes bilaterales de AOD de Francia a Africa fueron las más cuantiosas entre los países del CAD, constituyendo el 28,9% del total de las corrientes bilaterales.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/336/Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 24", "NEW UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT AGENDA", "IN THE 1990s", "Mobilization of additional resources for recovery", "African Economic Development: Analysis of Flows", "Global resources for Africa", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "Page 14, paragraph 25", "The third sentence should read", "France is the DAC country that has provided the largest volume of bilateral aid to Africa;The Bank's contributions represent 28 per cent of total bilateral aid to Africa.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 336 / Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 24", "NEW UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME FOR THE", "AFRICA DEVELOPMENT IN THE 1990s", "Mobilization of additional resources for recovery", "and development of Africa: study on the", "Global resource flows to Africa", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "Page 15, paragraph 25", "Replace the third sentence with the following:", "Bilateral ODA flows from France to Africa were the largest among DAC countries, representing 28.9 per cent of total bilateral flows.", "-----" ]	"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"
"qWYR1JFySTn3pS8gYBLtWATv0RrpucmAQGD3WgDH9wk="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/305/Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 70", "PREVENTION OF AN ARMS RACE IN OUTER SPACE", "Study on the application of confidence-building", "measures in outer space", "Report by the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "1. Page 10, Letter of transmittal", "After the entry for Dr. Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Machado insert", "H.E. Mr. Roberto García Moritán", "Ambassador", "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto", "Dirección de Asuntos Nucleares y Espaciales", "Buenos Aires, Argentina", "2. Page 11", "After the entry for Mr. Archelaus R. Turrentine insert", "H.E. Mr. YU Mengjia", "Ambassador", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs", "Beijing, People's Republic of China", "-----", "93-60132 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/305/Corr.1", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "Point 70 de l'ordre du jour", "PREVENTION D'UNE COURSE AUX ARMEMENTS DANS L'ESPACE", "Etude sur l'application de mesures de confiance", "à l'espace extra‑atmosphérique", "Rapport du Secrétaire général", "Rectificatif", "1. Page 9, lettre d'envoi", "Après l'entrée correspondant à M. Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Machado, insérer", "S. E. M. Roberto García Moritán", "Ambassadeur", "Ministère des relations extérieures et du culte", "Direction des affaires nucléaires et spatiales", "Buenos Aires (Argentine)", "2. Page 10", "Après l'entrée correspondant à M. Archelaus R. Turrentine, insérer", "S. E. M. YU Mengjia", "Ambassadeur", "Ministère des affaires étrangères", "Beijing (République populaire de Chine)", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/305/Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 70", "PREVENTION OF AN ARMS RACE IN OUTER SPACE", "Study on the application of confidence-building", "measures in outer space", "Report by the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "1. Page 10, Letter of transmittal", "After the entry for Dr. Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Machado insert", "H.E. Mr. Roberto García Moritán", "Ambassador", "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto", "Dirección de Asuntos Nucleares y Espaciales", "Buenos Aires, Argentina", "2. Page 11", "After the entry for Mr. Archelaus R. Turrentine insert", "H.E. Mr. YU Mengjia", "Ambassador", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs", "Beijing, People's Republic of China", "-----", "93-60132 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/305/Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 70", "PREVENTION OF A COURT FOR ARMS IN SPACE", "Study on the implementation of confidence-building measures", "Uses of Outer Space", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "1.Page 9, Letter of transmittal", "After the entry corresponding to Mr Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Machado, insert", "S.E. Mr. Roberto García Moritán", "Ambassador", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship", "Directorate for Nuclear and Space Affairs", "Buenos Aires, Argentina", "2.Page 10", "After the entry corresponding to Mr Archelaus R. Turrentine, insert", "H.E. 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Mr. YU Mengjia", "Ambassador", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs", "Beijing, People's Republic of China", "-----", "93-60132 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/305/Corr.1", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "Tema 70 del programa", "PREVENCION DE UNA CARRERA DE ARMAMENTOS EN EL ESPACIO ULTRATERRESTRE", "Estudio sobre la aplicación de medidas de fomento de la", "confianza en el espacio ultraterrestre", "Informe del Secretario General", "Corrección", "1. Página 9, Carta de envío", "Después de la información sobre el Dr. Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Machado insértese lo siguiente:", "Excmo. Sr. Robert García Moritán", "Embajador", "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto", "Dirección de Asuntos Nucleares y Espaciales", "Buenos Aires, Argentina", "2. Página 10", "Después de la información sobre el Sr. Archelaus R. Turrentine insértese lo siguiente:", "Excmo. Sr. YU Mengjia", "Embajador", "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores", "Beijing, República Popular de China", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/305/Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 70", "PREVENTION OF AN ARMS RACE IN OUTER SPACE", "Study on the application of confidence-building", "measures in outer space", "Report by the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "1. Page 10, Letter of transmittal", "After the entry for Dr. Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Machado insert", "H.E. Mr. Roberto García Moritán", "Ambassador", "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto", "Dirección de Asuntos Nucleares y Espaciales", "Buenos Aires, Argentina", "2. Page 11", "After the entry for Mr. Archelaus R. Turrentine insert", "H.E. 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"BGN0E6t+Ypf4SdmR/tW8q/wb0HAUMJc1UjGW3uyitrE="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/305/Corr.1", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "Point 70 de l'ordre du jour", "PREVENTION D'UNE COURSE AUX ARMEMENTS DANS L'ESPACE", "Etude sur l'application de mesures de confiance", "à l'espace extra‑atmosphérique", "Rapport du Secrétaire général", "Rectificatif", "1. Page 9, lettre d'envoi", "Après l'entrée correspondant à M. Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Machado, insérer", "S. E. M. Roberto García Moritán", "Ambassadeur", "Ministère des relations extérieures et du culte", "Direction des affaires nucléaires et spatiales", "Buenos Aires (Argentine)", "2. Page 10", "Après l'entrée correspondant à M. Archelaus R. Turrentine, insérer", "S. E. M. YU Mengjia", "Ambassadeur", "Ministère des affaires étrangères", "Beijing (République populaire de Chine)", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/305/Corr.1", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "Tema 70 del programa", "PREVENCION DE UNA CARRERA DE ARMAMENTOS EN EL ESPACIO ULTRATERRESTRE", "Estudio sobre la aplicación de medidas de fomento de la", "confianza en el espacio ultraterrestre", "Informe del Secretario General", "Corrección", "1. Página 9, Carta de envío", "Después de la información sobre el Dr. Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Machado insértese lo siguiente:", "Excmo. Sr. Robert García Moritán", "Embajador", "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto", "Dirección de Asuntos Nucleares y Espaciales", "Buenos Aires, Argentina", "2. Página 10", "Después de la información sobre el Sr. Archelaus R. Turrentine insértese lo siguiente:", "Excmo. Sr. YU Mengjia", "Embajador", "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores", "Beijing, República Popular de China", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/305/Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 70", "PREVENTION OF A COURT FOR ARMS IN SPACE", "Study on the implementation of confidence-building measures", "Uses of Outer Space", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "1.Page 9, Letter of transmittal", "After the entry corresponding to Mr Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Machado, insert", "S.E. Mr. Roberto García Moritán", "Ambassador", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship", "Directorate for Nuclear and Space Affairs", "Buenos Aires, Argentina", "2.Page 10", "After the entry corresponding to Mr Archelaus R. Turrentine, insert", "H.E. Mr. YU Mengjia", "Ambassador", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs", "Beijing, People's Republic of China", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 305 / Corr.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 70", "PREVENTION OF A CARRERA OF ARMAMENTS IN THE OUTER SPACE", "Study on the implementation of measures to promote the", "confidence in outer space", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Corrigendum", "1.Page 9, Letter of transmittal", "After the information about Dr.Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Machado insert the following:", "H.E.SirRobert García Moritán", "Ambassador", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship", "Directorate for Nuclear and Space Affairs", "Buenos Aires, Argentina", "2.Page 10", "After the briefing on Mr. KakakakovArbelaus R. Turrentine insert the following:", "H.E.SirYU Mengjia", "Ambassador", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs", "Beijing, People's Republic of China", "-----" ]	"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"
"lvIhFoszICREf7qWzvuaYQzbxAEwG9ptt5qoEQ/4fQ0="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/252/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. ALLOCATION OF AGENDA ITEMS OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION", "OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly decided, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A/48/250/Add.5, para. 2 (b)), to add the following item to the list of items to be considered directly in plenary meeting:", "62. The situation in Burundi (item 170).", "-----", "93-60271 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/252/Add.4", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. REPARTITION DES QUESTIONS INSCRITES A L'ORDRE DU JOUR DE LA", "QUARANTE-HUITIEME SESSION ORDINAIRE DE L'ASSEMBLEE GENERALE", "Additif", "A sa 47e séance plénière, le 2 novembre 1993, l'Assemblée générale a décidé, sur la recommandation du Bureau [A/48/250/Add.5, par. 2 b)], d'ajouter la question ci-après à la liste des questions devant être examinées directement en séance plénière :", "62. La situation au Burundi (point 170).", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/252/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. ALLOCATION OF AGENDA ITEMS OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION", "OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly decided, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A/48/250/Add.5, para. 2 (b)), to add the following item to the list of items to be considered directly in plenary meeting:", "62. The situation in Burundi (item 170).", "-----", "93-60271 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/252/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.DISTRIBUTION OF ISSUES ON THE AGENDA", "FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A/48/250/Add.5, para. 2 (b)), decided to add the following item to the list of items to be considered directly in plenary meeting:", "62.The situation in Burundi (item 170).", "-----" ]	"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"
"6UKxvPgFxuSlOOJaT5QcaskNe7kBAQItuj8Bt90UqDo="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/252/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. ALLOCATION OF AGENDA ITEMS OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION", "OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly decided, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A/48/250/Add.5, para. 2 (b)), to add the following item to the list of items to be considered directly in plenary meeting:", "62. The situation in Burundi (item 170).", "-----", "93-60271 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/252/Add.4", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "ASIGNACION DE TEMAS DEL PROGRAMA DEL CUADRAGESIMO OCTAVO PERIODO", "ORDINARIO DE SESIONES DE LA ASAMBLEA GENERAL", "Adición", "En su 47ª sesión plenaria, celebrada el 2 de noviembre de 1993, la Asamblea General, por recomendación de la Mesa (A/48/250/Add.5, párr. 2 b)), decidió añadir el siguiente tema a la lista de los temas que han de ser examinados directamente en sesión plenaria.", "62. La situación en Burundi (tema 170).", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/252/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. ALLOCATION OF AGENDA ITEMS OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION", "OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly decided, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A/48/250/Add.5, para. 2 (b)), to add the following item to the list of items to be considered directly in plenary meeting:", "62. The situation in Burundi (item 170).", "-----", "93-60271 (E) 021193" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 252 / Add.4", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "ASSOCIATION OF AGENDA ITEMS OF THE OCCUPIED-EIGHTH SESSION", "OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A / 48 / 250 / Add.5, para. 2 (b)), decided to add the following item to the list of items for direct consideration in plenary meeting.", "62.The situation in Burundi (item 170).", "-----" ]	"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"
"YFzvGS6/ljH3b91Mx23LZhaJxMpnwWEucQPdyIi6mq4="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/252/Add.4", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. REPARTITION DES QUESTIONS INSCRITES A L'ORDRE DU JOUR DE LA", "QUARANTE-HUITIEME SESSION ORDINAIRE DE L'ASSEMBLEE GENERALE", "Additif", "A sa 47e séance plénière, le 2 novembre 1993, l'Assemblée générale a décidé, sur la recommandation du Bureau [A/48/250/Add.5, par. 2 b)], d'ajouter la question ci-après à la liste des questions devant être examinées directement en séance plénière :", "62. La situation au Burundi (point 170).", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/252/Add.4", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "ASIGNACION DE TEMAS DEL PROGRAMA DEL CUADRAGESIMO OCTAVO PERIODO", "ORDINARIO DE SESIONES DE LA ASAMBLEA GENERAL", "Adición", "En su 47ª sesión plenaria, celebrada el 2 de noviembre de 1993, la Asamblea General, por recomendación de la Mesa (A/48/250/Add.5, párr. 2 b)), decidió añadir el siguiente tema a la lista de los temas que han de ser examinados directamente en sesión plenaria.", "62. La situación en Burundi (tema 170).", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/252/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.DISTRIBUTION OF ISSUES ON THE AGENDA", "FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A/48/250/Add.5, para. 2 (b)), decided to add the following item to the list of items to be considered directly in plenary meeting:", "62.The situation in Burundi (item 170).", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 252 / Add.4", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "ASSOCIATION OF AGENDA ITEMS OF THE OCCUPIED-EIGHTH SESSION", "OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A / 48 / 250 / Add.5, para. 2 (b)), decided to add the following item to the list of items for direct consideration in plenary meeting.", "62.The situation in Burundi (item 170).", "-----" ]	"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"
"wuqGM3o01d+uht0tFtZhWuAs4mKJuw6VTWyYNdKAomc="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/251/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. AGENDA OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION OF", "THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly decided, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A/48/250/Add.5, para. 2 (a)), to include the following item in the agenda of its forty-eighth session:", "170. The situation in Burundi.", "-----", "93-60277 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/251/Add.4", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. ORDRE DU JOUR DE LA QUARANTE-HUITIEME SESSION ORDINAIRE", "DE L'ASSEMBLEE GENERALE", "Additif", "A sa 47e séance plénière, le 2 novembre 1993, l'Assemblée générale a décidé, sur la recommandation du Bureau [A/48/250/Add.5, par. 2 a)], d'inscrire la question ci‑après à l'ordre du jour de sa quarante-huitième session :", "170.La situation au Burundi.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/251/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. AGENDA OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION OF", "THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly decided, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A/48/250/Add.5, para. 2 (a)), to include the following item in the agenda of its forty-eighth session:", "170. The situation in Burundi.", "-----", "93-60277 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/251/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.AGENDA FOR THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION", "GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A/48/250/Add.5, para. 2 (a)), decided to include the following item in the agenda of its forty-eighth session:", "170.The situation in Burundi.", "-----" ]	"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"
"UNiSg+hn2+23sgOyWU7QZG295uHWx0KTATZNu3Vqntg="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/251/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. AGENDA OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION OF", "THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly decided, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A/48/250/Add.5, para. 2 (a)), to include the following item in the agenda of its forty-eighth session:", "170. The situation in Burundi.", "-----", "93-60277 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/251/Add.4", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "PROGRAMA DEL CUADRAGESIMO OCTAVO PERIODO ORDINARIO DE SESIONES", "DE LA ASAMBLEA GENERAL", "Adición", "En su 47ª sesión plenaria, celebrada el 2 de noviembre de 1993, la Asamblea General, por recomendación de la Mesa (A/48/250/Add.5, párr. 2 a)), decidió incluir el siguiente tema en el programa de su cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones:", "170. La situación en Burundi.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/251/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. AGENDA OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION OF", "THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly decided, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A/48/250/Add.5, para. 2 (a)), to include the following item in the agenda of its forty-eighth session:", "170. The situation in Burundi.", "-----", "93-60277 (E) 021193" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 251 / Add.4", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "AGENDA OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION", "OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A / 48 / 250 / Add.5, para. 2 (a)), decided to include the following item in the agenda of its forty-eighth session:", "170.The situation in Burundi.", "-----" ]	"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"
"GvDYavsP6FrxXReyJSyVC5pJ5gEp3dCgdVj5m5lY5S4="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/251/Add.4", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. ORDRE DU JOUR DE LA QUARANTE-HUITIEME SESSION ORDINAIRE", "DE L'ASSEMBLEE GENERALE", "Additif", "A sa 47e séance plénière, le 2 novembre 1993, l'Assemblée générale a décidé, sur la recommandation du Bureau [A/48/250/Add.5, par. 2 a)], d'inscrire la question ci‑après à l'ordre du jour de sa quarante-huitième session :", "170.La situation au Burundi.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/251/Add.4", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "PROGRAMA DEL CUADRAGESIMO OCTAVO PERIODO ORDINARIO DE SESIONES", "DE LA ASAMBLEA GENERAL", "Adición", "En su 47ª sesión plenaria, celebrada el 2 de noviembre de 1993, la Asamblea General, por recomendación de la Mesa (A/48/250/Add.5, párr. 2 a)), decidió incluir el siguiente tema en el programa de su cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones:", "170. La situación en Burundi.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/251/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.AGENDA FOR THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION", "GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A/48/250/Add.5, para. 2 (a)), decided to include the following item in the agenda of its forty-eighth session:", "170.The situation in Burundi.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 251 / Add.4", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "AGENDA OF THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGULAR SESSION", "OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY", "Addendum", "At its 47th plenary meeting, on 2 November 1993, the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the General Committee (A / 48 / 250 / Add.5, para. 2 (a)), decided to include the following item in the agenda of its forty-eighth session:", "170.The situation in Burundi.", "-----" ]	"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"
"KNh6lHCc1BH6bvuCfG+av9MkLu8TOvt9hVmGX+oVBvQ="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/564", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50,", "54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j),", "92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100,", "101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117,", "131, 140, 143, 149 and 160", "UNITED NATIONS NEW AGENDA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA IN THE 1990s", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST", "ELIMINATION OF APARTHEID AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A UNITED,", "DEMOCRATIC AND NON-RACIAL SOUTH AFRICA", "THE SITUATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA", "STRENGTHENING OF THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCY", "ASSISTANCE OF THE UNITED NATIONS", "LAUNCHING OF GLOBAL NEGOTIATIONS ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC", "COOPERATION FOR DEVELOPMENT", "QUESTION OF CYPRUS", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT", "STRENGTHENING OF SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN THE", "MEDITERRANEAN REGION", "DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION: EFFECTIVE", "MOBILIZATION AND INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT; SCIENCE", "AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT; INTEGRATION OF THE ECONOMIES", "IN TRANSITION INTO THE WORLD ECONOMY", "EXTERNAL DEBT CRISIS AND DEVELOPMENT", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR THE ERADICATION OF POVERTY", "IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "93-60573 (E) 041193 /...", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT:", "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMITMENTS AND POLICIES AGREED UPON", "IN THE DECLARATION ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION, IN", "PARTICULAR THE REVITALIZATION OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND", "DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS", "CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT: ELABORATION OF AN", "INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION IN THOSE COUNTRIES", "EXPERIENCING SERIOUS DROUGHT AND/OR DESERTIFICATION, PARTICULARLY", "IN AFRICA; GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL", "ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES", "SPECIAL PROGRAMMES OF ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE", "INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE ECONOMIC REHABILITATION OF ANGOLA", "HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT", "SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE", "WORLD SOCIAL SITUATION AND TO YOUTH, AGEING, DISABLED", "PERSONS AND THE FAMILY", "CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE", "ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS", "ACTIVITIES OF THOSE FOREIGN ECONOMIC AND OTHER INTERESTS WHICH", "IMPEDE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION ON THE GRANTING", "OF INDEPENDENCE TO COLONIAL COUNTRIES AND PEOPLES IN TERRITORIES", "UNDER COLONIAL DOMINATION AND EFFORTS TO ELIMINATE COLONIALISM,", "APARTHEID AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS ANGOLA VERIFICATION MISSION", "MEASURES TO ELIMINATE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM", "REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION ON THE WORK OF", "ITS FORTY-FIFTH SESSION", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN MOZAMBIQUE", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS", "Letter dated 28 October 1993 from the Permanent Representative of", "Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General", "I have the honour to transmit to you herewith the text of the Limassol Commonwealth Communiqué adopted at the Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Countries of the Commonwealth, held at Limassol, Cyprus, from 21 to 25 October 1993 (see annex).", "I should be grateful if the text of the present letter and its annex* is circulated as an official document of the General Assembly under agenda items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j), 92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149 and 160.", "(Signed) A. SHAMBOS", "Ambassador", "Permanent Representative", "of the Republic of Cyprus", "to the United Nations", "__________", "* Circulated in the original language of submission only." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/564", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante-huitième session", "Points 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50,", "54, 71, 77, 91 c), 91 h), 91 j),", "92, 93, 95 a), 99 a), 99 b), 100,", "101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114,", "117, 131, 140, 143, 149 et 160", "NOUVEL ORDRE DU JOUR DES NATIONS UNIES POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT", "DE L'AFRIQUE DANS LES ANNEES 90", "LA SITUATION DE LA DEMOCRATIE ET DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN HAITI", "LA SITUATION AU MOYEN‑ORIENT", "ELIMINATION DE L'APARTHEID ET INSTAURATION D'UNE AFRIQUE DU SUD", "UNIE, DEMOCRATIQUE ET NON RACIALE", "LA SITUATION EN BOSNIE‑HERZEGOVINE", "RENFORCEMENT DE LA COORDINATION DE L'AIDE HUMANITAIRE", "D'URGENCE DE L'ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES", "OUVERTURE DE NEGOCIATIONS GLOBALES SUR LA COOPERATION ECONOMIQUE", "INTERNATIONALE POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT", "QUESTION DE CHYPRE", "DESARMEMENT GENERAL ET COMPLET", "RENFORCEMENT DE LA SECURITE ET DE LA COOPERATION", "DANS LA REGION DE LA MEDITERRANEE", "DEVELOPPEMENT ET COOPERATION ECONOMIQUE INTERNATIONALE :", "c) PARTICIPATION EFFECTIVE ET INTEGRATION DES FEMMES AU DEVELOPPEMENT", "h) SCIENCE ET TECHNIQUE AU SERVICE DU DEVELOPPEMENT", "j) INTEGRATION DE L'ECONOMIE DES PAYS EN TRANSITION A L'ECONOMIE MONDIALE", "CRISE DE LA DETTE EXTERIEURE ET DEVELOPPEMENT", "COOPERATION INTERNATIONALE EN VUE D'ELIMINER LA PAUVRETE", "DANS LES PAYS EN DEVELOPPEMENT", "COOPERATION INTERNATIONALE POUR LA CROISSANCE ECONOMIQUE ET LE", "DEVELOPPEMENT :", "a) RESPECT DES ENGAGEMENTS ET APPLICATION DES POLITIQUES CONVENUS", "DANS LA DECLARATION SUR LA COOPERATION ECONOMIQUE", "INTERNATIONALE, EN PARTICULIER LA RELANCE DE LA CROISSANCE", "ECONOMIQUE ET DU DEVELOPPEMENT DANS LES PAYS EN DEVELOPPEMENT", "APPLICATION DES DECISIONS ET RECOMMANDATIONS DE LA CONFERENCE", "DES NATIONS UNIES SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT :", "a) ELABORATION D'UNE CONVENTION INTERNATIONALE SUR LA LUTTE", "CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION DANS LES PAYS GRAVEMENT TOUCHES", "PAR LA SECHERESSE ET/OU PAR LA DESERTIFICATION,", "EN PARTICULIER EN AFRIQUE", "b) CONFERENCE MONDIALE SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE DES", "PETITS ETATS EN DEVELOPPEMENT INSULAIRES", "PROGRAMMES SPECIAUX D'ASSISTANCE ECONOMIQUE", "ASSISTANCE INTERNATIONALE POUR LE REDRESSEMENT ECONOMIQUE DE L'ANGOLA", "MISE EN VALEUR DES RESSOURCES HUMAINES", "DEVELOPPEMENT SOCIAL, Y COMPRIS LES QUESTIONS RELATIVES A LA", "SITUATION SOCIALE DANS LE MONDE ET AUX JEUNES, AUX PERSONNES", "AGEES, AUX HANDICAPES ET A LA FAMILLE", "PREVENTION DU CRIME ET JUSTICE PENALE", "PROMOTION DE LA FEMME", "CONTROLE INTERNATIONAL DES DROGUES", "QUESTIONS RELATIVES AUX DROITS DE L'HOMME", "ACTIVITES DES INTERETS ETRANGERS, ECONOMIQUES ET AUTRES,", "QUI FONT OBSTACLE A L'APPLICATION DE LA DECLARATION SUR", "L'OCTROI DE L'INDEPENDANCE AUX PAYS ET AUX PEUPLES", "COLONIAUX DANS LES TERRITOIRES SE TROUVANT SOUS", "DOMINATION COLONIALE, ET AUX EFFORTS TENDANT A ELIMINER", "LE COLONIALISME, L'APARTHEID ET LA DISCRIMINATION RACIALE", "EN AFRIQUE AUSTRALE", "FINANCEMENT DE LA MISSION DE VERIFICATION DES NATIONS UNIES EN ANGOLA", "MESURES VISANT A ELIMINER LE TERRORISME INTERNATIONAL", "RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL SUR LES", "TRAVAUX DE SA QUARANTE-CINQUIEME SESSION", "FINANCEMENT DE L'OPERATION DES NATIONS UNIES AU MOZAMBIQUE", "FINANCEMENT DE LA FORCE DES NATIONS UNIES CHARGEE", "DU MAINTIEN DE LA PAIX A CHYPRE", "Lettre datée du 28 octobre 1993, adressée au Secrétaire", "général par le Représentant permanent de Chypre auprès", "de l'Organisation des Nations Unies", "J'ai l'honneur de vous transmettre ci‑joint le texte du Communiqué du Commonwealth de Limassol, adopté à la Réunion des chefs de gouvernement des pays du Commonwealth, tenue à Limassol (Chypre) du 21 au 25 octobre 1993 (voir annexe).", "Je vous saurais gré de bien vouloir faire distribuer le texte de la présente lettre et de son annexe[1] comme document officiel de l'Assemblée générale au titre des points 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71, 77, 91 c), 91 h), 91 j), 92, 93, 95 a), 99 a), 99 b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149 et 160 de l'ordre du jour.", "L'Ambassadeur,", "Représentant permanent de la République", "de Chypre auprès de l'Organisation des", "Nations Unies", "(Signé) A. SHAMBOS", "[1] ^(*) Distribué seulement dans la langue originale dans laquelle le texte de l'annexe a été soumis." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/564", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50,", "54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j),", "92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100,", "101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117,", "131, 140, 143, 149 and 160", "UNITED NATIONS NEW AGENDA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA IN THE 1990s", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST", "ELIMINATION OF APARTHEID AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A UNITED,", "DEMOCRATIC AND NON-RACIAL SOUTH AFRICA", "THE SITUATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA", "STRENGTHENING OF THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCY", "ASSISTANCE OF THE UNITED NATIONS", "LAUNCHING OF GLOBAL NEGOTIATIONS ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC", "COOPERATION FOR DEVELOPMENT", "QUESTION OF CYPRUS", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT", "STRENGTHENING OF SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN THE", "MEDITERRANEAN REGION", "DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION: EFFECTIVE", "MOBILIZATION AND INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT; SCIENCE", "AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT; INTEGRATION OF THE ECONOMIES", "IN TRANSITION INTO THE WORLD ECONOMY", "EXTERNAL DEBT CRISIS AND DEVELOPMENT", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR THE ERADICATION OF POVERTY", "IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "93-60573 (E) 041193 /...", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT:", "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMITMENTS AND POLICIES AGREED UPON", "IN THE DECLARATION ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION, IN", "PARTICULAR THE REVITALIZATION OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND", "DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS", "CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT: ELABORATION OF AN", "INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION IN THOSE COUNTRIES", "EXPERIENCING SERIOUS DROUGHT AND/OR DESERTIFICATION, PARTICULARLY", "IN AFRICA; GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL", "ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES", "SPECIAL PROGRAMMES OF ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE", "INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE ECONOMIC REHABILITATION OF ANGOLA", "HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT", "SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE", "WORLD SOCIAL SITUATION AND TO YOUTH, AGEING, DISABLED", "PERSONS AND THE FAMILY", "CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE", "ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS", "ACTIVITIES OF THOSE FOREIGN ECONOMIC AND OTHER INTERESTS WHICH", "IMPEDE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION ON THE GRANTING", "OF INDEPENDENCE TO COLONIAL COUNTRIES AND PEOPLES IN TERRITORIES", "UNDER COLONIAL DOMINATION AND EFFORTS TO ELIMINATE COLONIALISM,", "APARTHEID AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS ANGOLA VERIFICATION MISSION", "MEASURES TO ELIMINATE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM", "REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION ON THE WORK OF", "ITS FORTY-FIFTH SESSION", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN MOZAMBIQUE", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS", "Letter dated 28 October 1993 from the Permanent Representative of", "Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General", "I have the honour to transmit to you herewith the text of the Limassol Commonwealth Communiqué adopted at the Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Countries of the Commonwealth, held at Limassol, Cyprus, from 21 to 25 October 1993 (see annex).", "I should be grateful if the text of the present letter and its annex* is circulated as an official document of the General Assembly under agenda items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j), 92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149 and 160.", "(Signed) A. SHAMBOS", "Ambassador", "Permanent Representative", "of the Republic of Cyprus", "to the United Nations", "__________", "* Circulated in the original language of submission only." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/564", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50,", "54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j),", "92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100,", "101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114,", "117, 131, 140, 143, 149 and 160", "NEW UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT AGENDA", "IN THE 1990s", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST", "ELIMINATION OF APARTHAID AND ESTABLISHMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA", "UNICE, DEMOCRATIC AND NON-RACIAL", "THE SITUATION IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA", "STRENGTHENING OF THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE", "OF THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION", "OPENING OF GLOBAL NEGOTIATIONS ON ECONOMIC COOPERATION", "INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT", "QUESTION OF CYPRUS", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT", "STRENGTHENING OF SECURITY AND COOPERATION", "IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION", "INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND COOPERATION:", "(c) EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION AND INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT", "(h) SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT", "(j) INTEGRATION OF THE ECONOMY OF THE COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION TO THE WORLD ECONOMY", "EXTERNAL DEBT CRISIS AND DEVELOPMENT", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TO ELIMINATE POVERTY", "IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND", "DEVELOPMENT:", "(a) COMPLIANCE WITH COMMITMENTS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AGREED POLICIES", "ECONOMIC COOPERATION DECLARATION", "INTERNATIONAL, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE RELANCE OF GROWTH", "ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE CONFERENCE", "ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT:", "(a) ELABORATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE", "TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION IN TUCKED COUNTRIES", "BY SECHERESSE AND/OR DESERTIFICATION,", "IN AFRICA", "(b) WORLD CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE", "SMALL INSULAR DEVELOPMENT STATES", "SPECIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAMMES", "INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE ECONOMIC RESTRATION OF ANGLA", "DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES", "SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE", "SOCIAL SITUATION IN THE WORLD AND TO YOUTH, PERSONS AND", "AGENCY, DISABLED PEOPLE AND THE FAMILY", "CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE", "PROMOTION OF WOMEN", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS", "ACTIVITIES OF FOREIGN, ECONOMIC AND OTHER INTERESTS,", "TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION ON THE", "THE GRANTING OF INDEPENDENCE TO COUNTRIES AND PEOPLES", "COLONIALS IN THE TERRITORIES UNDER THE", "COLONIAL DOMINATION AND EFFORTS TO ELIMINATE", "COLONIALISM, APARTHAID AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "IN AUSTRAL AFRICA", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS VERIFICATION MISSION TO ANGOLA", "MEASURES TO ELIMINATE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM", "REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION ON THE", "WORK OF ITS FORTY-FIFTH SESSION", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN MOZAMBICA", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS FORCE", "THE CHALLENGE OF PEACE-KEEPING IN CYPRUS", "Letter dated 28 October 1993 from the Permanent Representative", "of Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General", "United Nations", "I have the honour to transmit herewith the text of the Communiqué of the Commonwealth of Limassol, adopted at the Meeting of Heads of Government of the Commonwealth countries, held in Limassol, Cyprus, from 21 to 25 October 1993 (see annex).", "I should be grateful if you would have the present letter and its annex circulated as an official document of the General Assembly under agenda items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j), 92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149 and 160.", "Ambassador,", "Permanent Representative of the Republic", "of Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the", "United Nations", "(Signed) A. SHAMBOS", "[1] ^(*)Distributed only in the original language in which the text of the annex was submitted." ]	"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"odnP9QPCih3mKj9JBezuaZHormr8guv6gkaPFPW6U5g="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/564", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50,", "54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j),", "92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100,", "101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117,", "131, 140, 143, 149 and 160", "UNITED NATIONS NEW AGENDA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA IN THE 1990s", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST", "ELIMINATION OF APARTHEID AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A UNITED,", "DEMOCRATIC AND NON-RACIAL SOUTH AFRICA", "THE SITUATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA", "STRENGTHENING OF THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCY", "ASSISTANCE OF THE UNITED NATIONS", "LAUNCHING OF GLOBAL NEGOTIATIONS ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC", "COOPERATION FOR DEVELOPMENT", "QUESTION OF CYPRUS", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT", "STRENGTHENING OF SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN THE", "MEDITERRANEAN REGION", "DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION: EFFECTIVE", "MOBILIZATION AND INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT; SCIENCE", "AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT; INTEGRATION OF THE ECONOMIES", "IN TRANSITION INTO THE WORLD ECONOMY", "EXTERNAL DEBT CRISIS AND DEVELOPMENT", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR THE ERADICATION OF POVERTY", "IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "93-60573 (E) 041193 /...", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT:", "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMITMENTS AND POLICIES AGREED UPON", "IN THE DECLARATION ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION, IN", "PARTICULAR THE REVITALIZATION OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND", "DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS", "CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT: ELABORATION OF AN", "INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION IN THOSE COUNTRIES", "EXPERIENCING SERIOUS DROUGHT AND/OR DESERTIFICATION, PARTICULARLY", "IN AFRICA; GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL", "ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES", "SPECIAL PROGRAMMES OF ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE", "INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE ECONOMIC REHABILITATION OF ANGOLA", "HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT", "SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE", "WORLD SOCIAL SITUATION AND TO YOUTH, AGEING, DISABLED", "PERSONS AND THE FAMILY", "CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE", "ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS", "ACTIVITIES OF THOSE FOREIGN ECONOMIC AND OTHER INTERESTS WHICH", "IMPEDE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION ON THE GRANTING", "OF INDEPENDENCE TO COLONIAL COUNTRIES AND PEOPLES IN TERRITORIES", "UNDER COLONIAL DOMINATION AND EFFORTS TO ELIMINATE COLONIALISM,", "APARTHEID AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS ANGOLA VERIFICATION MISSION", "MEASURES TO ELIMINATE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM", "REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION ON THE WORK OF", "ITS FORTY-FIFTH SESSION", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN MOZAMBIQUE", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS", "Letter dated 28 October 1993 from the Permanent Representative of", "Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General", "I have the honour to transmit to you herewith the text of the Limassol Commonwealth Communiqué adopted at the Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Countries of the Commonwealth, held at Limassol, Cyprus, from 21 to 25 October 1993 (see annex).", "I should be grateful if the text of the present letter and its annex* is circulated as an official document of the General Assembly under agenda items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j), 92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149 and 160.", "(Signed) A. SHAMBOS", "Ambassador", "Permanent Representative", "of the Republic of Cyprus", "to the United Nations", "__________", "* Circulated in the original language of submission only." ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/564", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "Temas 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71,", "77, 91 c), 91 h), 91 j), 92, 93, 95 a),", "99 a), 99 b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110,", "111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149", "y 160 del programa", "NUEVO PROGRAMA DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA EL DESARROLLO DE", "AFRICA EN EL DECENIO DE 1990", "SITUACION DE LA DEMOCRACIA Y LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN HAITI", "LA SITUACION EN EL ORIENTE MEDIO", "ELIMINACION DEL APARTHEID Y ESTABLECIMIENTO DE UNA SUDAFRICA UNIDA,", "DEMOCRATICA Y SIN DISTINCIONES RACIALES", "LA SITUACION EN BOSNIA Y HERZEGOVINA", "FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA COORDINACION DE LA ASISTENCIA HUMANITARIA", "DE EMERGENCIA DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS", "INICIACION DE NEGOCIACIONES GLOBALES SOBRE COOPERACION ECONOMICA", "INTERNACIONAL PARA EL DESARROLLO", "CUESTION DE CHIPRE", "DESARME GENERAL Y COMPLETO", "FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA SEGURIDAD Y LA COOPERACION EN LA", "REGION DEL MEDITERRANEO", "DESARROLLO Y COOPERACION ECONOMICA INTERNACIONAL: MOVILIZACION", "E INTEGRACION EFICACES DE LA MUJER EN EL DESARROLLO; CIENCIA Y", "TECNOLOGIA PARA EL DESARROLLO; INTEGRACION DE LAS ECONOMIAS EN", "TRANSICION EN LA ECONOMIA MUNDIAL", "-2-", "LA CRISIS DE LA DEUDA EXTERNA Y EL DESARROLLO", "COOPERACION INTERNACIONAL PARA LA ERRADICACION DE LA POBREZA", "EN LOS PAISES EN DESARROLLO", "COOPERACION INTERNACIONAL PARA EL CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO Y EL", "DESARROLLO: APLICACION DE LOS COMPROMISOS Y LAS POLITICAS", "CONVENIDOS EN LA DECLARACION SOBRE LA COOPERACION ECONOMICA", "INTERNACIONAL Y, EN PARTICULAR, LA REACTIVACION DEL CRECIMIENTO", "ECONOMICO Y EL DESARROLLO DE LOS PAISES EN DESARROLLO", "APLICACION DE LAS DECISIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES DE LA CONFERENCIA", "DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS SOBRE EL MEDIO AMBIENTE Y EL DESARROLLO:", "ELABORACION DE UNA CONVENCION INTERNACIONAL DE LUCHA CONTRA LA", "DESERTIFICACION EN LOS PAISES AFECTADOS POR SEQUIA GRAVE O", "DESERTIFICACION, EN PARTICULAR EN AFRICA; CONFERENCIA MUNDIAL", "SOBRE EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE DE LOS PEQUEÑOS ESTADOS INSULARES", "EN DESARROLLO", "PROGRAMAS ESPECIALES DE ASISTENCIA ECONOMICA", "ASISTENCIA INTERNACIONAL PARA LA REHABILITACION", "ECONOMICA DE ANGOLA", "DESARROLLO DE LOS RECURSOS HUMANOS", "DESARROLLO SOCIAL, INCLUIDAS CUESTIONES RELATIVAS A", "LA SITUACION SOCIAL EN EL MUNDO Y A LOS JOVENES, EL", "ENVEJECIMIENTO, LOS IMPEDIDOS Y LA FAMILIA", "PREVENCION DEL DELITO Y JUSTICIA PENAL", "ADELANTO DE LA MUJER", "FISCALIZACION INTERNACIONAL DE DROGAS", "CUESTIONES RELATIVAS A LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS", "ACTIVIDADES DE LOS INTERESES EXTRANJEROS, ECONOMICOS Y DE", "OTRO TIPO, QUE CONSTITUYEN UN OBSTACULO PARA LA APLICACION", "DE LA DECLARACION SOBRE LA CONCESION DE LA INDEPENDENCIA A", "LOS PAISES Y PUEBLOS COLONIALES EN LOS TERRITORIOS BAJO", "DOMINACION COLONIAL, ASI COMO PARA LOS ESFUERZOS TENDIENTES", "A ELIMINAR EL COLONIALISMO, EL APARTHEID Y LA DISCRIMINACION", "RACIAL EN EL AFRICA MERIDIONAL", "FINANCIACION DE LA MISION DE VERIFICACION DE LAS", "NACIONES UNIDAS EN ANGOLA", "MEDIDAS PARA ELIMINAR EL TERRORISMO INTERNACIONAL", "INFORME DE LA COMISION DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE", "LA LABOR REALIZADA EN SU 45º PERIODO DE SESIONES", "/...", "-3-", "FINANCIACION DE LA OPERACION DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS", "EN MOZAMBIQUE", "FINANCIACION DE LA FUERZA DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA", "EL MANTENIMIENTO DE LA PAZ EN CHIPRE", "Carta de fecha 28 de octubre de 1993 dirigida la Secretario General", "por el Representante Permanente de Chipre ante las Naciones Unidas", "Tengo el honor de transmitirle adjunto el texto del Comunicado de Limassol del Commonwealth, aprobado en la Reunión de Jefes de Gobierno de los países del Commonwealth, celebrada en Limassol (Chipre) del 21 al 25 de octubre de 1993 (véase el anexo).", "Le agradecería que tuviera a bien hacer distribuir la presente carta y su anexo* como documento oficial de la Asamblea General en relación con los temas 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71, 77, 91 c), 91 h), 91 j), 92, 93, 95 a), 99 a), 99 b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149 y 160 del programa.", "(Firmado) A. SHAMBOS", "Embajador", "Representante Permanente", "de la República de Chipre", "ante las Naciones Unidas", "________________________", "* Que se distribuye únicamente en el idioma original.", "/...", "ANEXO PARA OFFSET", "4 - 37", "(Total: 34 páginas)" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/564", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50,", "54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j),", "92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100,", "101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117,", "131, 140, 143, 149 and 160", "UNITED NATIONS NEW AGENDA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA IN THE 1990s", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST", "ELIMINATION OF APARTHEID AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A UNITED,", "DEMOCRATIC AND NON-RACIAL SOUTH AFRICA", "THE SITUATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA", "STRENGTHENING OF THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCY", "ASSISTANCE OF THE UNITED NATIONS", "LAUNCHING OF GLOBAL NEGOTIATIONS ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC", "COOPERATION FOR DEVELOPMENT", "QUESTION OF CYPRUS", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT", "STRENGTHENING OF SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN THE", "MEDITERRANEAN REGION", "DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION: EFFECTIVE", "MOBILIZATION AND INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT; SCIENCE", "AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT; INTEGRATION OF THE ECONOMIES", "IN TRANSITION INTO THE WORLD ECONOMY", "EXTERNAL DEBT CRISIS AND DEVELOPMENT", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR THE ERADICATION OF POVERTY", "IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "93-60573 (E) 041193 /...", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT:", "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMITMENTS AND POLICIES AGREED UPON", "IN THE DECLARATION ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION, IN", "PARTICULAR THE REVITALIZATION OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND", "DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS", "CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT: ELABORATION OF AN", "INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION IN THOSE COUNTRIES", "EXPERIENCING SERIOUS DROUGHT AND/OR DESERTIFICATION, PARTICULARLY", "IN AFRICA; GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL", "ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES", "SPECIAL PROGRAMMES OF ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE", "INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE ECONOMIC REHABILITATION OF ANGOLA", "HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT", "SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE", "WORLD SOCIAL SITUATION AND TO YOUTH, AGEING, DISABLED", "PERSONS AND THE FAMILY", "CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE", "ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS", "ACTIVITIES OF THOSE FOREIGN ECONOMIC AND OTHER INTERESTS WHICH", "IMPEDE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION ON THE GRANTING", "OF INDEPENDENCE TO COLONIAL COUNTRIES AND PEOPLES IN TERRITORIES", "UNDER COLONIAL DOMINATION AND EFFORTS TO ELIMINATE COLONIALISM,", "APARTHEID AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS ANGOLA VERIFICATION MISSION", "MEASURES TO ELIMINATE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM", "REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION ON THE WORK OF", "ITS FORTY-FIFTH SESSION", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN MOZAMBIQUE", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS", "Letter dated 28 October 1993 from the Permanent Representative of", "Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General", "I have the honour to transmit to you herewith the text of the Limassol Commonwealth Communiqué adopted at the Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Countries of the Commonwealth, held at Limassol, Cyprus, from 21 to 25 October 1993 (see annex).", "I should be grateful if the text of the present letter and its annex* is circulated as an official document of the General Assembly under agenda items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j), 92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149 and 160.", "(Signed) A. SHAMBOS", "Ambassador", "Permanent Representative", "of the Republic of Cyprus", "to the United Nations", "__________", "* Circulated in the original language of submission only." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 564", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "Items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71,", "77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j), 92, 93, 95 (a),", "99 (a), 99 (b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110,", "111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149", "and 160 of the agenda", "NEW UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME", "AFRICA IN THE 1990s", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST", "ELIMINATION OF APARTHEID AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A UNITED SUDAFRICA,", "DEMOCRATIC AND NON-RACIAL DISTINTIONS", "THE SITUATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA", "STRENGTHENING THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE", "OF UNITED NATIONS EMERGENCY", "INITIATION OF GLOBAL NEGOTIATIONS ON ECONOMIC COOPERATION", "FOR DEVELOPMENT", "QUESTION OF CYPRUS", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT", "STRENGTHENING OF SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN THE", "MEDITERRANEO REGION", "DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION: MOBILIZATION", "AND EFFECTIVE INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT; SCIENCE AND", "TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT; INTEGRATION OF THE ECONOMIES IN", "TRANSITION IN THE WORLD ECONOMY", "-2-", "THE CRISIS OF THE EXTERNAL DEBT AND DEVELOPMENT", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR THE ERADICATION OF POVERTY", "IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR ECONOMIC AND", "DEVELOPMENT: IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMITMENTS AND POLICIES", "DECLARATION ON ECONOMIC COOPERATION", "AND, IN PARTICULAR, THE REATIVATION OF THE GROWTH", "ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE CONFERENCE", "on ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT:", "ELABORATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION TO COMBAT", "DEERTIFICATION IN THE COUNTRIES AFFECTED BY GRAND OR", "DEERTIFICATION, INCLUDING AFRICA; WORLD CONFERENCE", "ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL INSULAR STATES", "developing", "SPECIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAMMES", "INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR REHABILITATION", "ANGOLA ECONOMY", "HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT", "SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING QUESTIONS RELATING TO", "THE WORLD SOCIAL SITUATION AND THE YOUNG,", "ENVEJMENT, THE IMPEDIES AND THE FAMILY", "CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE", "ADVANTMENT OF WOMEN", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS", "ACTIVITIES OF THE EXTRANSITIONAL, ECONOMIC AND", "OTHER TYPE, WHICH CONSTITUTE AN OBSTACLE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION", "OF THE DECLARATION ON THE GRANTING OF INDEPENDENCE TO", "COUNTRIES AND PEOPLES IN THE NETHERLANDS", "COLOONIAL DOMINATION, AS FOR THE TRENDS", "TO ELIMINATE COLONIALISM, APARTHEID AND DISCRIMINATION", "RACIAL IN THE MARKET AFRICA", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS VERIFICATION MISSION", "in ANGOLA", "MEASURES TO ELIMINATE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM", "REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION ON", "at its forty-fifth session", "/...", "-3-", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION", "IN MOZAMBIQUE", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS FORCE FOR", "PEACE-KEEPING IN CYPRUS", "Letter dated 28 October 1993 from the Secretary-General addressed to the", "of Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General", "I have the honour to transmit herewith the text of the Commonwealth Limassol Communiqué, adopted at the Meeting of Heads of Government of the Commonwealth countries, held in Limassol, Cyprus, from 21 to 25 October 1993 (see annex).", "I should be grateful if you would have the present letter and its annex circulated as an official document of the General Assembly under agenda items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j), 92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149 and 160.", "(Signed) A. SHAMBOS", "Ambassador", "Permanent Representative", "of the Republic of Cyprus", "to the United Nations", "________________________", "*It is distributed in the original language only.", "/...", "ANNEX FOR OFSET", "4 - 37", "(Total: 34 pages)" ]	"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"
"mctREdaftEEEPKU/VtoUp91MHX1fP1eNErynJevLnuI="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/564", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante-huitième session", "Points 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50,", "54, 71, 77, 91 c), 91 h), 91 j),", "92, 93, 95 a), 99 a), 99 b), 100,", "101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114,", "117, 131, 140, 143, 149 et 160", "NOUVEL ORDRE DU JOUR DES NATIONS UNIES POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT", "DE L'AFRIQUE DANS LES ANNEES 90", "LA SITUATION DE LA DEMOCRATIE ET DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN HAITI", "LA SITUATION AU MOYEN‑ORIENT", "ELIMINATION DE L'APARTHEID ET INSTAURATION D'UNE AFRIQUE DU SUD", "UNIE, DEMOCRATIQUE ET NON RACIALE", "LA SITUATION EN BOSNIE‑HERZEGOVINE", "RENFORCEMENT DE LA COORDINATION DE L'AIDE HUMANITAIRE", "D'URGENCE DE L'ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES", "OUVERTURE DE NEGOCIATIONS GLOBALES SUR LA COOPERATION ECONOMIQUE", "INTERNATIONALE POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT", "QUESTION DE CHYPRE", "DESARMEMENT GENERAL ET COMPLET", "RENFORCEMENT DE LA SECURITE ET DE LA COOPERATION", "DANS LA REGION DE LA MEDITERRANEE", "DEVELOPPEMENT ET COOPERATION ECONOMIQUE INTERNATIONALE :", "c) PARTICIPATION EFFECTIVE ET INTEGRATION DES FEMMES AU DEVELOPPEMENT", "h) SCIENCE ET TECHNIQUE AU SERVICE DU DEVELOPPEMENT", "j) INTEGRATION DE L'ECONOMIE DES PAYS EN TRANSITION A L'ECONOMIE MONDIALE", "CRISE DE LA DETTE EXTERIEURE ET DEVELOPPEMENT", "COOPERATION INTERNATIONALE EN VUE D'ELIMINER LA PAUVRETE", "DANS LES PAYS EN DEVELOPPEMENT", "COOPERATION INTERNATIONALE POUR LA CROISSANCE ECONOMIQUE ET LE", "DEVELOPPEMENT :", "a) RESPECT DES ENGAGEMENTS ET APPLICATION DES POLITIQUES CONVENUS", "DANS LA DECLARATION SUR LA COOPERATION ECONOMIQUE", "INTERNATIONALE, EN PARTICULIER LA RELANCE DE LA CROISSANCE", "ECONOMIQUE ET DU DEVELOPPEMENT DANS LES PAYS EN DEVELOPPEMENT", "APPLICATION DES DECISIONS ET RECOMMANDATIONS DE LA CONFERENCE", "DES NATIONS UNIES SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT :", "a) ELABORATION D'UNE CONVENTION INTERNATIONALE SUR LA LUTTE", "CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION DANS LES PAYS GRAVEMENT TOUCHES", "PAR LA SECHERESSE ET/OU PAR LA DESERTIFICATION,", "EN PARTICULIER EN AFRIQUE", "b) CONFERENCE MONDIALE SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE DES", "PETITS ETATS EN DEVELOPPEMENT INSULAIRES", "PROGRAMMES SPECIAUX D'ASSISTANCE ECONOMIQUE", "ASSISTANCE INTERNATIONALE POUR LE REDRESSEMENT ECONOMIQUE DE L'ANGOLA", "MISE EN VALEUR DES RESSOURCES HUMAINES", "DEVELOPPEMENT SOCIAL, Y COMPRIS LES QUESTIONS RELATIVES A LA", "SITUATION SOCIALE DANS LE MONDE ET AUX JEUNES, AUX PERSONNES", "AGEES, AUX HANDICAPES ET A LA FAMILLE", "PREVENTION DU CRIME ET JUSTICE PENALE", "PROMOTION DE LA FEMME", "CONTROLE INTERNATIONAL DES DROGUES", "QUESTIONS RELATIVES AUX DROITS DE L'HOMME", "ACTIVITES DES INTERETS ETRANGERS, ECONOMIQUES ET AUTRES,", "QUI FONT OBSTACLE A L'APPLICATION DE LA DECLARATION SUR", "L'OCTROI DE L'INDEPENDANCE AUX PAYS ET AUX PEUPLES", "COLONIAUX DANS LES TERRITOIRES SE TROUVANT SOUS", "DOMINATION COLONIALE, ET AUX EFFORTS TENDANT A ELIMINER", "LE COLONIALISME, L'APARTHEID ET LA DISCRIMINATION RACIALE", "EN AFRIQUE AUSTRALE", "FINANCEMENT DE LA MISSION DE VERIFICATION DES NATIONS UNIES EN ANGOLA", "MESURES VISANT A ELIMINER LE TERRORISME INTERNATIONAL", "RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL SUR LES", "TRAVAUX DE SA QUARANTE-CINQUIEME SESSION", "FINANCEMENT DE L'OPERATION DES NATIONS UNIES AU MOZAMBIQUE", "FINANCEMENT DE LA FORCE DES NATIONS UNIES CHARGEE", "DU MAINTIEN DE LA PAIX A CHYPRE", "Lettre datée du 28 octobre 1993, adressée au Secrétaire", "général par le Représentant permanent de Chypre auprès", "de l'Organisation des Nations Unies", "J'ai l'honneur de vous transmettre ci‑joint le texte du Communiqué du Commonwealth de Limassol, adopté à la Réunion des chefs de gouvernement des pays du Commonwealth, tenue à Limassol (Chypre) du 21 au 25 octobre 1993 (voir annexe).", "Je vous saurais gré de bien vouloir faire distribuer le texte de la présente lettre et de son annexe[1] comme document officiel de l'Assemblée générale au titre des points 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71, 77, 91 c), 91 h), 91 j), 92, 93, 95 a), 99 a), 99 b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149 et 160 de l'ordre du jour.", "L'Ambassadeur,", "Représentant permanent de la République", "de Chypre auprès de l'Organisation des", "Nations Unies", "(Signé) A. SHAMBOS", "[1] ^(*) Distribué seulement dans la langue originale dans laquelle le texte de l'annexe a été soumis." ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/564", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "Temas 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71,", "77, 91 c), 91 h), 91 j), 92, 93, 95 a),", "99 a), 99 b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110,", "111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149", "y 160 del programa", "NUEVO PROGRAMA DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA EL DESARROLLO DE", "AFRICA EN EL DECENIO DE 1990", "SITUACION DE LA DEMOCRACIA Y LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN HAITI", "LA SITUACION EN EL ORIENTE MEDIO", "ELIMINACION DEL APARTHEID Y ESTABLECIMIENTO DE UNA SUDAFRICA UNIDA,", "DEMOCRATICA Y SIN DISTINCIONES RACIALES", "LA SITUACION EN BOSNIA Y HERZEGOVINA", "FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA COORDINACION DE LA ASISTENCIA HUMANITARIA", "DE EMERGENCIA DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS", "INICIACION DE NEGOCIACIONES GLOBALES SOBRE COOPERACION ECONOMICA", "INTERNACIONAL PARA EL DESARROLLO", "CUESTION DE CHIPRE", "DESARME GENERAL Y COMPLETO", "FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA SEGURIDAD Y LA COOPERACION EN LA", "REGION DEL MEDITERRANEO", "DESARROLLO Y COOPERACION ECONOMICA INTERNACIONAL: MOVILIZACION", "E INTEGRACION EFICACES DE LA MUJER EN EL DESARROLLO; CIENCIA Y", "TECNOLOGIA PARA EL DESARROLLO; INTEGRACION DE LAS ECONOMIAS EN", "TRANSICION EN LA ECONOMIA MUNDIAL", "-2-", "LA CRISIS DE LA DEUDA EXTERNA Y EL DESARROLLO", "COOPERACION INTERNACIONAL PARA LA ERRADICACION DE LA POBREZA", "EN LOS PAISES EN DESARROLLO", "COOPERACION INTERNACIONAL PARA EL CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO Y EL", "DESARROLLO: APLICACION DE LOS COMPROMISOS Y LAS POLITICAS", "CONVENIDOS EN LA DECLARACION SOBRE LA COOPERACION ECONOMICA", "INTERNACIONAL Y, EN PARTICULAR, LA REACTIVACION DEL CRECIMIENTO", "ECONOMICO Y EL DESARROLLO DE LOS PAISES EN DESARROLLO", "APLICACION DE LAS DECISIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES DE LA CONFERENCIA", "DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS SOBRE EL MEDIO AMBIENTE Y EL DESARROLLO:", "ELABORACION DE UNA CONVENCION INTERNACIONAL DE LUCHA CONTRA LA", "DESERTIFICACION EN LOS PAISES AFECTADOS POR SEQUIA GRAVE O", "DESERTIFICACION, EN PARTICULAR EN AFRICA; CONFERENCIA MUNDIAL", "SOBRE EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE DE LOS PEQUEÑOS ESTADOS INSULARES", "EN DESARROLLO", "PROGRAMAS ESPECIALES DE ASISTENCIA ECONOMICA", "ASISTENCIA INTERNACIONAL PARA LA REHABILITACION", "ECONOMICA DE ANGOLA", "DESARROLLO DE LOS RECURSOS HUMANOS", "DESARROLLO SOCIAL, INCLUIDAS CUESTIONES RELATIVAS A", "LA SITUACION SOCIAL EN EL MUNDO Y A LOS JOVENES, EL", "ENVEJECIMIENTO, LOS IMPEDIDOS Y LA FAMILIA", "PREVENCION DEL DELITO Y JUSTICIA PENAL", "ADELANTO DE LA MUJER", "FISCALIZACION INTERNACIONAL DE DROGAS", "CUESTIONES RELATIVAS A LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS", "ACTIVIDADES DE LOS INTERESES EXTRANJEROS, ECONOMICOS Y DE", "OTRO TIPO, QUE CONSTITUYEN UN OBSTACULO PARA LA APLICACION", "DE LA DECLARACION SOBRE LA CONCESION DE LA INDEPENDENCIA A", "LOS PAISES Y PUEBLOS COLONIALES EN LOS TERRITORIOS BAJO", "DOMINACION COLONIAL, ASI COMO PARA LOS ESFUERZOS TENDIENTES", "A ELIMINAR EL COLONIALISMO, EL APARTHEID Y LA DISCRIMINACION", "RACIAL EN EL AFRICA MERIDIONAL", "FINANCIACION DE LA MISION DE VERIFICACION DE LAS", "NACIONES UNIDAS EN ANGOLA", "MEDIDAS PARA ELIMINAR EL TERRORISMO INTERNACIONAL", "INFORME DE LA COMISION DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE", "LA LABOR REALIZADA EN SU 45º PERIODO DE SESIONES", "/...", "-3-", "FINANCIACION DE LA OPERACION DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS", "EN MOZAMBIQUE", "FINANCIACION DE LA FUERZA DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA", "EL MANTENIMIENTO DE LA PAZ EN CHIPRE", "Carta de fecha 28 de octubre de 1993 dirigida la Secretario General", "por el Representante Permanente de Chipre ante las Naciones Unidas", "Tengo el honor de transmitirle adjunto el texto del Comunicado de Limassol del Commonwealth, aprobado en la Reunión de Jefes de Gobierno de los países del Commonwealth, celebrada en Limassol (Chipre) del 21 al 25 de octubre de 1993 (véase el anexo).", "Le agradecería que tuviera a bien hacer distribuir la presente carta y su anexo* como documento oficial de la Asamblea General en relación con los temas 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71, 77, 91 c), 91 h), 91 j), 92, 93, 95 a), 99 a), 99 b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149 y 160 del programa.", "(Firmado) A. SHAMBOS", "Embajador", "Representante Permanente", "de la República de Chipre", "ante las Naciones Unidas", "________________________", "* Que se distribuye únicamente en el idioma original.", "/...", "ANEXO PARA OFFSET", "4 - 37", "(Total: 34 páginas)" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/564", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50,", "54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j),", "92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100,", "101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114,", "117, 131, 140, 143, 149 and 160", "NEW UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT AGENDA", "IN THE 1990s", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST", "ELIMINATION OF APARTHAID AND ESTABLISHMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA", "UNICE, DEMOCRATIC AND NON-RACIAL", "THE SITUATION IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA", "STRENGTHENING OF THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE", "OF THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION", "OPENING OF GLOBAL NEGOTIATIONS ON ECONOMIC COOPERATION", "INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT", "QUESTION OF CYPRUS", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT", "STRENGTHENING OF SECURITY AND COOPERATION", "IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION", "INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND COOPERATION:", "(c) EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION AND INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT", "(h) SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT", "(j) INTEGRATION OF THE ECONOMY OF THE COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION TO THE WORLD ECONOMY", "EXTERNAL DEBT CRISIS AND DEVELOPMENT", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TO ELIMINATE POVERTY", "IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND", "DEVELOPMENT:", "(a) COMPLIANCE WITH COMMITMENTS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AGREED POLICIES", "ECONOMIC COOPERATION DECLARATION", "INTERNATIONAL, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE RELANCE OF GROWTH", "ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE CONFERENCE", "ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT:", "(a) ELABORATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE", "TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION IN TUCKED COUNTRIES", "BY SECHERESSE AND/OR DESERTIFICATION,", "IN AFRICA", "(b) WORLD CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE", "SMALL INSULAR DEVELOPMENT STATES", "SPECIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAMMES", "INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE ECONOMIC RESTRATION OF ANGLA", "DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES", "SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE", "SOCIAL SITUATION IN THE WORLD AND TO YOUTH, PERSONS AND", "AGENCY, DISABLED PEOPLE AND THE FAMILY", "CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE", "PROMOTION OF WOMEN", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS", "ACTIVITIES OF FOREIGN, ECONOMIC AND OTHER INTERESTS,", "TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION ON THE", "THE GRANTING OF INDEPENDENCE TO COUNTRIES AND PEOPLES", "COLONIALS IN THE TERRITORIES UNDER THE", "COLONIAL DOMINATION AND EFFORTS TO ELIMINATE", "COLONIALISM, APARTHAID AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "IN AUSTRAL AFRICA", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS VERIFICATION MISSION TO ANGOLA", "MEASURES TO ELIMINATE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM", "REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION ON THE", "WORK OF ITS FORTY-FIFTH SESSION", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN MOZAMBICA", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS FORCE", "THE CHALLENGE OF PEACE-KEEPING IN CYPRUS", "Letter dated 28 October 1993 from the Permanent Representative", "of Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General", "United Nations", "I have the honour to transmit herewith the text of the Communiqué of the Commonwealth of Limassol, adopted at the Meeting of Heads of Government of the Commonwealth countries, held in Limassol, Cyprus, from 21 to 25 October 1993 (see annex).", "I should be grateful if you would have the present letter and its annex circulated as an official document of the General Assembly under agenda items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j), 92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149 and 160.", "Ambassador,", "Permanent Representative of the Republic", "of Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the", "United Nations", "(Signed) A. SHAMBOS", "[1] ^(*)Distributed only in the original language in which the text of the annex was submitted." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 564", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "Items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71,", "77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j), 92, 93, 95 (a),", "99 (a), 99 (b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110,", "111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149", "and 160 of the agenda", "NEW UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME", "AFRICA IN THE 1990s", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST", "ELIMINATION OF APARTHEID AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A UNITED SUDAFRICA,", "DEMOCRATIC AND NON-RACIAL DISTINTIONS", "THE SITUATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA", "STRENGTHENING THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE", "OF UNITED NATIONS EMERGENCY", "INITIATION OF GLOBAL NEGOTIATIONS ON ECONOMIC COOPERATION", "FOR DEVELOPMENT", "QUESTION OF CYPRUS", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT", "STRENGTHENING OF SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN THE", "MEDITERRANEO REGION", "DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION: MOBILIZATION", "AND EFFECTIVE INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT; SCIENCE AND", "TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT; INTEGRATION OF THE ECONOMIES IN", "TRANSITION IN THE WORLD ECONOMY", "-2-", "THE CRISIS OF THE EXTERNAL DEBT AND DEVELOPMENT", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR THE ERADICATION OF POVERTY", "IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR ECONOMIC AND", "DEVELOPMENT: IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMITMENTS AND POLICIES", "DECLARATION ON ECONOMIC COOPERATION", "AND, IN PARTICULAR, THE REATIVATION OF THE GROWTH", "ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES", "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE CONFERENCE", "on ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT:", "ELABORATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION TO COMBAT", "DEERTIFICATION IN THE COUNTRIES AFFECTED BY GRAND OR", "DEERTIFICATION, INCLUDING AFRICA; WORLD CONFERENCE", "ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL INSULAR STATES", "developing", "SPECIAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAMMES", "INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR REHABILITATION", "ANGOLA ECONOMY", "HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT", "SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING QUESTIONS RELATING TO", "THE WORLD SOCIAL SITUATION AND THE YOUNG,", "ENVEJMENT, THE IMPEDIES AND THE FAMILY", "CRIME PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE", "ADVANTMENT OF WOMEN", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS", "ACTIVITIES OF THE EXTRANSITIONAL, ECONOMIC AND", "OTHER TYPE, WHICH CONSTITUTE AN OBSTACLE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION", "OF THE DECLARATION ON THE GRANTING OF INDEPENDENCE TO", "COUNTRIES AND PEOPLES IN THE NETHERLANDS", "COLOONIAL DOMINATION, AS FOR THE TRENDS", "TO ELIMINATE COLONIALISM, APARTHEID AND DISCRIMINATION", "RACIAL IN THE MARKET AFRICA", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS VERIFICATION MISSION", "in ANGOLA", "MEASURES TO ELIMINATE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM", "REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION ON", "at its forty-fifth session", "/...", "-3-", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS OPERATION", "IN MOZAMBIQUE", "FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS FORCE FOR", "PEACE-KEEPING IN CYPRUS", "Letter dated 28 October 1993 from the Secretary-General addressed to the", "of Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General", "I have the honour to transmit herewith the text of the Commonwealth Limassol Communiqué, adopted at the Meeting of Heads of Government of the Commonwealth countries, held in Limassol, Cyprus, from 21 to 25 October 1993 (see annex).", "I should be grateful if you would have the present letter and its annex circulated as an official document of the General Assembly under agenda items 24, 31, 34, 38, 42, 44, 50, 54, 71, 77, 91 (c), 91 (h), 91 (j), 92, 93, 95 (a), 99 (a), 99 (b), 100, 101, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 131, 140, 143, 149 and 160.", "(Signed) A. SHAMBOS", "Ambassador", "Permanent Representative", "of the Republic of Cyprus", "to the United Nations", "________________________", "*It is distributed in the original language only.", "/...", "ANNEX FOR OFSET", "4 - 37", "(Total: 34 pages)" ]	"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"CUMF/MJxuMIIqClLd0tJO2ZgQrFR+a63Pb47mj4Mv1c="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "CEDAW/C/JPN/3", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF", "DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN", "(CEDAW)", "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES", "UNDER ARTICLE 18 OF THE CONVENTION", "Third periodic report of States parties", "JAPAN", "________________________", " For the initial report submitted by the Government of Japan, see CEDAW/C/5/Add.48, Amend.1 and Corr.1; for its consideration by the Committee, see CEDAW/C/SR.108, CEDAW/C/SR.109 and CEDAW/C/SR.111, and Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-third Session, Supplement No. 38 (A/43/38), paras. 232‑289. For the second periodic report submitted by the Government of Japan, see CEDAW/C/JPN/2.", "93‑61640 (E) 100194 /...", "Introduction", "1. This is Japan's third periodic report submitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations in accordance with article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (hereinafter referred to as \"the Convention\") which Japan ratified in 1985.", "2. Japan submitted its initial report (CEDAW/C/5/Add.48) in March 1987, which was considered at the seventh session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in 1988. Its second report (CEDAW/C/JPN/2) was submitted in February 1992, and is to be considered at the thirteenth session of the Committee scheduled in 1994.", "3. The present report covers developments on the implementation of the Convention in Japan for the period of about two years from the point of drafting the second report (July 1991) up to September 1993, as well as other information not included in the previous reports. The report also provides information on the present situation of Japanese women in Part I.", "4. After the submission of the second report to the Secretary-General, the Government of Japan held a meeting of the members of the Advisory Council to the President of the Headquarters for the Planning and Promoting of Policies Relating to Women to be briefed on and listen to their views on the report. It also distributed copies of the Japanese version widely among the concerned members of the Diet, political parties, major women's organizations, journalists, officials of local governments who are responsible for women's affairs and other interested individuals.", "In drafting the present report, views of the various women's groups and academics in relation to the second report were taken into consideration, and the Advisory Council was consulted on the contents of the present report.", "The Advisory Council is a private advisory body to the Prime Minister who is the President of the headquarters for the Planning and Promoting of Policies Relating to Women, which is Japan's national machinery to promote comprehensive measures relating to women. The Advisory Council consists of experts on women's affairs, and includes representatives of national women's organizations, academics, journalists, representatives of trade unions and others who represent various groups of women.", "5. As a party to the Convention, the Government of Japan is committed to continuing its efforts to eradicate all forms of discrimination against women to achieve real equality between men and women.", "PART ONE. SITUATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN", "1. Population and vital statistics", "In 1992, Japan had a population of approximately 124.45 million, of which 63.36 million were women and 61.1 million were men. Women outnumbered men by 2.26 million, and accounted for 50.9 per cent of the total population.", "Japan is moving rapidly towards an aged society, and this trend is most apparent in its women's population. In 1992, women accounted for 59.4 per cent of the population aged 65 and over, and this percentage is projected to remain roughly at the same level.", "In 1992, the life expectancy at birth was 82.22 years for women and 76.09 years for men. Both women's and men's life expectancies are the longest in the world.", "The number of live births in 1992 was approximately 1,209,000 with the birth rate of 9.8 (per 1,000 persons). Both the annual number of live births and the crude birth rate are declining. Accordingly, the total fertility rate (the average number of children that would be born to each woman in her lifetime in accordance with the fertility rate of a given period: the sum of the age-specific fertility rates for women aged 15 to 49) dropped to 1.50, lower than the previous year's (1.53) which had been the lowest record in history. The low birth rate is largely the result of the remarkable rise in the proportion of unmarried young women in their twenties. One of the factors that has brought about this increase is said to be that women do not feel the burden of household chores and child-rearing has been alleviated under the present social mechanism while their economic situation is improving and it has become possible for them to choose various lifestyles.", "In 1992, there were 754,441 marriages with the marriage rate of 6.1 (per 1,000 persons). Both have been on the increase since 1990. The mean age at first marriage was 26.0 years for women and 28.4 years for men, both of which have been on a constant rise.", "As for divorce, in 1992 there were 179,191 divorces with the divorce rate of 1.45 (per 1,000 persons), and both the number and the rate have been increasing since 1990. In particular, divorces of couples with long marriage duration are increasing.", "As for household size, the average number of persons per household is decreasing; in 1990, it dropped below 3 to 2.99.", "Household patterns according to the relations between household members showed that in 1990, 76.7 per cent were family households that consisted of a head of the household and his/her relatives, and 23.1 per cent were one-person households; 26.4 per cent had a household member aged 65 or over, and such households are increasing.", "The maternal mortality rate in 1991 was 9.0 per 100,000 births (the highest post‑war record was 178.8 in 1955). The infant mortality rate in 1992 was 4.0 per 1,000 births for girls and 5.0 for boys (again, the previous record was 72.0 for girls and 81.0 for boys in 1947). Both rates are at a very low level.", "During the year of 1992, 493 cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positives were newly found (those who were infected through blood products are not included), which is a considerable increase compared to 238 cases in the previous year. Apart from those who were infected through blood products, more women were infected with HIV than men (in 1992, 291 women compared to 202 men). Actual number of AIDS cases and HIV positives is estimated to be 8.7 times higher than the reported number.", "In 1991, there were approximately 2,948,000 children/persons with disabilities, of which 1,150,000 women and 1,502,000 men were under care at home. The number of the mentally handicapped was approximately 385,000, of which 111,000 women and 158,000 men were under care at home.", "2. Education", "In 1992, girls' high school enrolment rate was 96.2 per cent (93.9 per cent for boys), which has been higher than boys' since 1969. The percentage of girls who advance to universities and junior colleges is also increasing annually; in 1992, the rate was 40.8 per cent for girls and 37.0 per cent for boys, and the girls' rate has been higher than boys' since 1989. As for the university enrolment rate, in 1992, it was 17.3 per cent for girls and 35.2 per cent for boys. Although there is still a gap between boys' and girls' rates, it is narrowing compared to the gap in 1980 (12.3 per cent for girls and 39.3 per cent for boys).", "Proportions of women by courses of university faculties show that courses where women occupy the majority were home economics (98.3 per cent), arts (66.8 per cent), humanities (66.4 per cent) and education (54.8 per cent). In those courses where women's enrolment rate had been low, there was a considerable rise compared to 1980 in social science (17.4 per cent compared to 8.2 per cent in 1980) and agriculture (26.9 per cent to 11.5 per cent), and a minor increase in science (19.8 per cent to 15.9 per cent) and technology (5.5 per cent to 1.5 per cent).", "In 1992, there were 8,141 women teaching staff in junior colleges (6,320 in 1980), which accounted for 38.5 per cent of all the teaching staff (38.6 per cent in 1980). Compared to 1980 figures, while there was an increase in number, the percentage remained at the same level. The number of women teaching staff in universities was 12,380 in 1992 (8,630 in 1980), which accounted for 9.6 per cent of university teaching staff (8.4 per cent in 1980). Compared to 1980 figures, both the number and the percentage have increased.", "In 1992, the employment rate of junior college graduates was 86.8 per cent for women and 70.6 per cent for men while that of university graduates was 80.4 per cent for women and 79.7 per cent for men. In both cases women's rates were higher than men's. Among graduates, except those who go on to post‑graduate courses, the percentage of those who find a job has increased for both men and women during the last 10 years. In particular, women's employment rate shows a remarkable rise. As for junior college graduates, the employment rate was 89.9 per cent for women and 81.3 per cent for men. As for university graduates, it was 84.9 per cent for women and 89.4 per cent for men.", "3. Employment", "The female work force in Japan (the sum of the employed and the unemployed) is on the increase; in 1992, it amounted to 26,790,000, or 40.7 per cent of the total work force. Of the female work force in 1992, 26,190,000 were employed, and 600,000 were unemployed with the unemployment rate of 2.2 per cent (the unemployment rate for the male work force was 2.1 per cent).", "The female labour force participation rate (percentage of work force in the population aged 15 and over) is also increasing; in 1992, it was 50.7 per cent (while the male labour force participation rate was 77.9 per cent. Female labour force participation rates for age groups form an M‑shaped curve, with the rates for women aged 20‑24 (75.6 per cent) and 45‑49 (72.0 per cent) at the peaks and the rate for women aged 30-34 (52.7 per cent) at the bottom. This shows that many women in Japan stop working due to marriage and child-bearing, and go back to work after bringing up children. The curve, however, is shifting upwards as a whole.", "The labour force participation rates by marital status is as follows: in 1992, 57.4 per cent in the unmarried group, 52.9 per cent in the married group and 32.7 per cent in the divorced and the widowed group. Of the 26,190,000 female workers, 19,740,000 were employees (75.4 per cent of the total female work force), while 2,630,000 were self-employed (10.0 per cent) and 3,750,000 were family workers (14.3 per cent). While the percentage of employees continues to increase, those of the self-employed and family workers are declining.", "Distribution of female work force by industry is as follows: in 1992, 6,180,000 women (31.3 per cent of the female work force) were in services, 5,380,000 in retail business and restaurants (27.3 per cent), and 4,940,000 in manufacturing (25.0 per cent). Thus 83.6 per cent of the female work force was engaged in those three areas. Compared to the figures for 1980, the employment share in manufacturing has declined, and the share in services, retail business and restaurants have increased.", "By occupation, in 1992, 6,890,000 were clerical workers, 3,850,000 were skilled and other workers engaged in manufacturing and construction, 2,710,000 in professional and technical work, 2,510,000 in sales, and 2,220,000 in security work and services.", "Women also form the majority in clerical work (59.3 per cent) and security work and services (52.6 per cent). The percentage of women in managerial work rose, though marginally, from 5.1 per cent in 1980 to 7.9 per cent in 1992.", "Average length of service of women in 1992 was 7.4 years. Although this is shorter than that of men (12.5 years), it has increased compared to 6.1 years in 1980.", "As for the gap between wages of male and female workers, if part-time workers (whose working hours per day or working days per week are less than those of ordinary workers in a certain establishment) are not included, scheduled salaries for female employees are 61.5 per cent of that for male employees. Possible reasons for this are the following.", "In Japan, people in general are employed immediately after graduating from schools, and receive wage raises according to their experience and skills learned through in-house training and transfers. Therefore, wages of women workers, whose length of service is generally shorter than that of men, as mentioned above, tend to be lower.", "If one looks at wages of ordinary workers (workers who are employed upon graduating from school and continue to work under the same employer) by their academic backgrounds in order to compare men's and women's wages under the same conditions in terms of age and length of service, one will find that, among high school graduates, female workers in their twenties earn approximately 90 per cent of what male workers earn, and around the age of 50 where the gap is widest women earn about 70 per cent of what men earn.", "In addition, other factors such as the difference in fields of employment and occupation, and the low percentage of women in managerial posts have effects on the wage differential.", "Female workers' working hours are shorter than men's. At the workplace with 30 workers and above, women's average monthly work hours per person in 1992 were 150.2 hours compared to men's 172.2 hours. Both men's and women's working hours are shorter than those in the previous year.", "The gaps between men's and women's working hours are brought about by such factors as different regulations on overtime and holiday work for women and the high proportion of part-time workers in female labour force.", "Women trade union members increased from previous years to 3,520,000 members in 1992, although the percentage of unionized members is estimated to be 17.6 per cent and continues to decline. On the other hand, the proportion of women in the total of trade union members increased from 27.6 per cent in 1980 to 28.2 per cent in 1992.", "The number of employees in the non-agricultural sector whose working hours are less than 35 hours per week (hereinafter referred to as \"part-time employees\", which may be used as an alternative indicator to part-time workers) shows a constant increase. In 1992, there were 8,680,000 part-time employees, 68.2 per cent of which were women. Among all women employees, 30.2 per cent were part-time employees.", "One of the issues related to employment today is sexual harassment in the workplace. Although sexual harassment is not clearly defined and the situation has not been fully examined, in recent years there are cases in which women workers seek advice and counselling, and make charges involving sexual harassment. In some district courts, women employees won some of such cases although the court ruling cited an unlawful act under the Civil Code and did not directly refer to sexual harassment.", "4. Status of women who are engaged in agriculture, forestry", "and fisheries", "In 1992, 1,810,000 women engaged in agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The number is almost the same as that of men (1,940,000), and 74.6 per cent of those women are family employees.", "As for their earnings, in 1988, 42.3 per cent of those women had a share of agricultural earnings. While 64.1 per cent of the women answered they had financial assets, only 8.6 per cent of them said they had real estate registered under their names.", "Since most of the rural women do not have their own real assets, the percentage of rural women who have joined farmers' pension remains as low as 4.2 per cent in 1992.", "Participation of women in social activities and decision-making in the local primary industries is still at a low level, though the situation is gradually improving. For example, women accounted for only 0.16 per cent of agricultural committee members (101 out of 62,166) in 1991, 12.2 per cent of full (individual) members of agricultural cooperatives (675,000 out of 5,526,000), and 0.11 per cent of management officers of the cooperatives (73 out of 66,538) in 1991. With a view to promoting women's participation in cooperative management, some agricultural cooperatives have appointed women to special advisors, although they are not statutory posts.", "5. Result of the opinion poll concerning gender equality", "The Government of Japan conducted an opinion poll concerning gender equality in November 1992. According to the result of the opinion poll, to the question whether the status of men and women are equal in certain areas, it was only in school education where a majority of both men and women answered \"yes\". In other areas, most men and women answered that men are treated better. the tendency was more apparent in politics (81.7 per cent of women and 73.7 per cent of men) and social standards, customs and traditions (78.8 per cent of women and 73.3 per cent of men). (See table 36 in the annex.)", "The poll also shows that to the question \"what is the most important to achieve equality between men and women in every field of society?\" many of both men and women answered, \"women's active efforts to empower themselves by gaining economic power and learning knowledge and technical skills\" (28.1 per cent of women and 27.8 per cent of men), and \"Reforming prejudices and rigid social practices, customs and traditions surrounding women\" (26.3 per cent of women and 27.3 per cent of men). (See table 37 in the annex.)", "6. Activities of non‑governmental organizations (NGOs), etc.", "(a)Liaison Group for the Implementation of the Resolutions from the International Women's Year Conference of Japan", "In Japan, many women's organizations and groups are doing grass-roots activities nation-wide. In 1975, 41 national women's organizations cooperated with each other in holding the International Women's Year Conference of Japan where they adopted resolutions on the formulation of the National Plan of Action and other policies related to women. Those organizations formed the Liaison Group for the Implementation of the Resolutions from the International Women's Year Conference of Japan (International Women's Year Liaison Group), and since then the group has been working actively for the advancement of women. Their activities include submission to the President of the headquarters (Prime Minister) of petitions for the early ratification of the Convention and for the promotion of the National Plan of Action towards the Year 2000.", "As of September 1993, the Liaison Group consists of 52 organizations.", "(b) United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) Japan Committee", "The IWY Liaison Group, in conjunction with two organizations set up by the two designated cities, namely, Yokohoma Women's Association for Communication and Networking and Kitakyushu Forum on Asian Women, and other organizations established the UNIFEM Japan Committee in November 1992 and started activities to cooperate with UNIFEM, which supports the efforts of women in the developing countries to improve their lives through public relations and fund raising.", "(c) Other NGO activities", "Apart from the above-mentioned activities of the NGOs, there are many women's organizations and groups that are doing studies on the Convention and other activities in various parts of Japan. Those NGOs engage in a wide range of activities including culture and hobbies, conservation of environment and improvement of consumers' life from women's standpoint, and activities to enhance friendship between Asian countries. Those NGOs use their own facilities and women's centres and other institutions for women established by local authorities as a centre for their activities. Many NGOs form liaison groups and councils at national, prefectural and municipal levels to exchange information and coordinate joint activities.", "7. Other developments", "(a) Provisions on marriage and divorce under the Civil Code", "Although married couples are free to choose either husbands' or wives' surnames upon marriage under the Japanese legal system, 98 per cent of wives have chosen their husbands' surnames in practice. Since in those cases the wives have to change their surnames, which causes inconveniences to women in their social activities, a view has been expressed that a husband and a wife should be allowed to assume separate surnames.", "The Legislative Council, an advisory body to the Minister of Justice, is now reviewing the provisions pertaining to marriage and divorce under the Civil Code. In the light of the above-mentioned view, whether to allow a married couple to use separate surnames is one of the issues being considered by the Council.", "(b) Prostitution involving foreign women", "Among those women who have entered Japan as tourists from South-East Asia and other countries and overstayed illegally after the expiration of their landing permit, there are many who find themselves involved in prostitution and other indecent acts for various reasons. In order to prevent them, in April 1990, the Prostitution Countermeasures Council submitted to the Prime Minister a petition for strengthening of control of prostitution, examination of entry and visas as well as for strengthening of counselling and support system and the promotion of economic cooperation for developing countries. NGOs are also working strenuously to extend support and cooperation to those women.", "PART TWO. OVERVIEW", "1. Appointment of the Minister for Women's Affairs", "When Prime Minister Miyazawa reshuffled his cabinet in December 1992, he appointed the Chief Cabinet Secretary to serve as the first Minister of State responsible for Women's Affairs who takes charge of coordination of measures carried out by competent administrative organs for the sake of comprehensive promotion of women's affairs.", "In January 1993, the Minister attended the Meeting of National Women Leaders to exchange views with the participants with a view to grasping the needs of women. The Minister also made efforts to promote women's participation in policy decision-making, as reported in the following sections. In the Hosokawa Administration which was formed on 9 August 1993, the Chief Cabinet Secretary was also appointed as the Minister responsible for Women's Affairs.", "2. Machinery of the headquarters for the Planning and", "Promoting of Policies Relating to Women", "(strip in chart)", "Mandates are as follows:", "(a) The headquarters: To liaise with related administrative organs and promote comprehensive and effective policies for women including incorporating into national policies the decisions adopted at the World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women in Nairobi as well as measures necessary to implement the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.", "(b) Special Advisers: To participate in following up the implementation of measures relating to women, in monitoring women's affairs and, when necessary, in measures promoted by the headquarters.", "(c) Advisory Council: To gather and present opinions to contribute to the planning and promotion of measures relating to women.", "(d) Strengthening of the headquarters: In July 1993, the headquarters decided on \"Strengthening of the Machinery to Promote Active and Joint Participation of Men and Women in Society\" to manifest the direction of measures to be taken by the Government, of which the details are provided in Part Three, 2, article 3.", "3. The New National Plan of Action towards the", "Year 2000 (First Revision)", "As the first medium term for the implementation of the concrete measures of the New National Plan of Action towards the Year 2000 (formulated in 1987) expired in 1990, and as the recommendations to improve the pace of implementation of the Nairobi Forward‑looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women were adopted in the General Assembly of the United Nations, the headquarters revised for the first time the New Plan of Action in May 1991.", "The overall goal of the Revised Plan is \"the creation of a society of active and joint participation by both men and women\". The Revised Plan consists of the following five basic targets, and under those targets 16 priority objectives are put up:", "(a) Improving people's awareness of equality between men and women;", "(b) Achieving active and joint participation in society by men and women on an equal footing;", "(c) Improving conditions enabling women to have expanded choices in life;", "(d) Assuring women's welfare in old age;", "(e) Promoting international cooperation and contribution to peace.", "Under the Revised Plan, the basic policies are to be promoted by 2000, and concrete measures by 1995.", "The main revised points are as follows:", "(a) Increasing the percentage of women members in national advisory councils and committees to 15 per cent by about 1995; the target date was moved up by five years from the original plan;", "(b) Reviewing legal provisions pertaining to marriage and divorce in the Civil Code, including provisions requiring married couples to use the same surname;", "(c) Promoting women in development;", "(d) Establishing a committee for the reinforcement of the national machinery's function.", "4. Main policies of the Government including legal arrangements", "From the submission of the second periodic report up to September 1993, the following legal and other measures were implemented, some of which will be elaborated in Part Three:", "(a)Making home economics compulsory for both boys and girls in primary and secondary schools", "The same curriculum of home economics for boys and girls is to be introduced in high schools as introduced in primary and junior high schools. Consequently, home economics will be compulsory for both boys and girls in all primary and secondary schools from 1994.", "(b) Enforcement of legislation on child‑care leave", "Legislation on child‑care leave for male and female employees both in the public and private sectors went into effect on 1 April 1992.", "(c)Enactment of legislation on the improvement of personnel management for part‑time workers", "The Law concerning the Improvement of Personnel Management for Part‑time Workers was enacted in June 1993 to ensure appropriate working conditions for the part‑time workers.", "(d) Amendment to the Labour Standards Law", "Amendment was made to the Labour Standards Law to reduce the statutory working hours to 40 hours per week. The amendment bill was enacted in June 1993.", "(e)Formulation of the Second Basic Policy Plan on the Welfare of Women Workers", "The Second Basic Policy Plan on the Welfare of Women Workers was formulated based on the Equal Employment Opportunity Law, and was published in April 1992.", "(f) Formulation of guidelines for family‑care leave", "As caring for family members has become a serious problem for workers in continuing their work, the Ministry of Labour issued family‑care leave guidelines in July 1992 with a view to encouraging employers to introduce and improve their welfare systems including family‑care leave.", "(g)Enactment of the Law concerning Improvements in the Personnel Management of Health Care Workers", "In order to achieve comprehensive and systematic improvement of the welfare of workers who engage in health care services by profession, the Law concerning the Improvements in the Personnel Management of Health Care Workers was enacted in May 1992 and went into force in July 1992.", "(h) Amendment to the Child Allowance Law", "In view of the recent demographic changes and the changing environment surrounding children and the family, the Child Allowance Law was amended and went into force in January 1992 with a view to strengthening social support for coming generations and support for families with children.", "(i) Enactment of the Law of Promotion for Securing Nursing Personnel", "In order to secure nurses and workers in health and medical services, the Law of Promotion for Securing Nursing Personnel was promulgated in June 1992 with a view to improving existing measures to secure such personnel. The Law went into force in November 1992.", "(k)Amendment to the Enforcement Order for the Coastal Fisheries Improvement Fund Subsidy Law", "A cabinet ordinance concerning an amendment to a part of the Enforcement Order for the Law was proclaimed and enacted in September 1992. The purpose is to rearrange the fund for the aged people out of the Fisher's Living Improvement Fund which prefectural governments lend based on the Law to the fund for both women and the aged people as well as to strengthen the fund.", "(l)Interim report on provisions pertaining to marriage and divorce under the Civil Code", "Interim Report on Provisions Pertaining to Marriage and Divorce under the Civil Code: Issues was published in December 1992 to invite the views from various circles.", "5. Public relations, awareness‑raising and", "dissemination of information", "(a) Designated days, weeks and months for the advancement of women", "In order to improve the status of women and achieve de facto equality of men and women, the Government of Japan has designated special days, weeks and months with the purpose of informing the public of government policies and their objectives and to correct traditional gender‑role concepts. During such periods, various awareness‑raising activities are carried out all over the country through such events as national conferences, symposia and opening of counselling offices. Of such days, weeks and months, major ones are as follows:", "Names of designated", "day, week or month", "Date", "", "Sponsoring ministries and agencies", "Rural Fishing Village", "Women's Day", "10 March", "", "Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries", "Women's Week", "10‑16 April", "Ministry of Labour", "Nursing Week", "", "A week including", "12 May (Nursing Day)", "Ministry of Health and Welfare", "Equal Employment", "Opportunity Month", "June", "", "Ministry of Labour", "Senior Citizen's", "Welfare Week", "15-21 September", "", "Management and Coordination Agency, Ministry of Health and Welfare, etc.", "Month for Harmonization of Work and Child‑care", "October", "Ministry of Labour", "Ten Days for Part‑time", "Worker's Programme", "1-10 November", "", "Ministry of Labour", "Human Rights Week", "4-10 December", "Ministry of Justice", "Campaign to Clean up", "Public Morals", "Two weeks including 24 May (Anniversary of the enactment of the Anti‑Prostitution Law)", "", "Prime Minister's Office, National Police Agency, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare and Ministry of Labour", "(b) Publication of White Papers", "The Prime Minister's Office published, in December 1992, the second report on the implementation of the New National Plan of Action (First Revision) for creating a society of active and joint participation of men and women. The third report is scheduled to be published in 1993. The Ministry of Labour also publishes The Situation of Women Workers annually. Apart from these efforts, individual ministries inform the general public of government policies and their objectives through the publication of various white papers such as White Paper on Education, Annual Report on Health and Welfare, Annual Report on the National Life, White Paper on Crime, White Paper on Youth and White Paper on Labour.", "(c) Public relations and awareness‑raising through the media", "The Government of Japan conducts various information activities through the media including newspapers, magazines, TV and radio broadcasting, with a view to improving women's status and to create a society of active and joint participation of men and women.", "(d) Dissemination of information through WINET", "In July 1991, the Information Centre of the National Women's Education Centre started WINET, the on‑line information retrieval service on women and family. The Centre has so far developed four bibliographical databases (books, local government publications, Japanese periodical articles and Japanese newspaper articles) and three learning information databases (education programmes for women in local governments, women's centres and organizations and women's study programmes). As of 30 June 1993, the Centre provides information to 174 institutions such as community education facilities, prefectural boards of education and governors' offices, research institutes including universities as well as women's facilities and centres throughout the country.", "The Centre is also active in developing a network of interested organizations and facilities, groups and individuals, both foreign and domestic, through making, distributing and exchanging various information materials.", "(e) Other activities", "Activities of the Advisory Council to the President of the headquarters", "Apart from presenting opinions on such occasions as the formulation of the National Plan of Action, the Advisory Council to the President of the headquarters functions through three committees: the Information Committee, the Committee on NGOs and Local Governments and the Research and Study Committee. Approximately once a month the Information Committee holds lectures for the members of the Diet, government officials, major women's organizations, and journalists, etc. on women's affairs and current topics relating to women given by experts from Japan and abroad, such as Ms. Sharon Capling‑Alakija, Director of UNIFEM and Ms. Margaret Shields, Director of the United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW). The Committee, among other things, invites representatives who attended the Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Commission on the Status of Women to give lectures on those meetings at the end of every March.", "The Committee on NGOs and Local Governments conducted a survey on the administration of local governments concerning women in July 1992, following up the survey conducted in February 1990. The results of the survey were published in September 1993.", "Conferences and meetings held by the headquarters", "The headquarters has held annually from 1979 a regional forum on women's issues which is open to the public with the aim of publicizing and further promoting the New National Plan of Action (First Revision) for creating a society of active and joint participation of men and women, etc. It has also convened a National Conference several times since it held the first Conference in 1980, and annually since 1990. In addition, the headquarters has convened annually a meeting of directors of divisions in charge of women's affairs of local governments since 1977, and regional meetings of these directors in several local blocs since 1987 to liaise with local governments.", "(f) Activities of local governments", "Local governments are also active in promoting measures relating to women. As of September 1993, all 47 prefectures and 12 designated cities have divisions/units for policy planning, liaison and coordination on women's affairs, and have formulated action plans to promote measures relating to women and established advisory bodies to reflect public opinion. They are also taking measures in line with those action plans including establishment of women's centres and other institutions for women (in 40 local governments as of April 1993 including ones under construction), promotion of women's participation in policy planning, awareness‑raising and information activities. There are, however, considerable differences in the state of progress in local governments.", "PART THREE", "1. Article 2", "Developments regarding the implementation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law, which stipulates equal treatment for men and women in employment, will be reported under article 11. Concerning the present provision, the following sections provide information in terms of women and violence, on women victims of crimes, as well as prevention and control of violence against women.", "(a) Women victims of crimes", "The number of reported cases of criminal offence known to the police by charges of which women are their victims is provided in table 38 in the annex. In 1972, of 1,182,960 cases of criminal offence, 251,859 (21.3 per cent) were the cases in which the victims were women. Both the number and percentage of such cases have increased in the past 20 years to 511,551 cases (32.5 per cent) out of 1,575,659 cases in 1992, an increase of more than 10 percentage points. By charges, thefts accounted for the most and almost doubled in the number of cases. On the other hand, the cases of rape declined considerably from 4,677 in 1972 to 1,504 in 1992. However, it is assumed that there are cases of violence against women, including domestic violence, which were not recognized because they are not reported.", "(b)Prevention and control of violence against women: penalties under the Criminal Code", "In order to prevent rape and other forms of violence against women, the following penal provisions are prescribed and strictly enforced - article 176 (Indecent acts against women 13 years old or over through violence or intimidation. Imprisonment with labour for the term between six months and seven years); the last sentence of article 176 (Indecent acts against women under 13 years old. Imprisonment with labour for the term between six months and seven years); article 177 (Sexual intercourse with women 13 years old or over through violence or intimidation. Imprisonment with labour for a limited term of not less than two years); the last sentence of article 177 (Sexual intercourse with women under 13 years old. Imprisonment with labour for a limited term of not less than two years).", "Illegality of prostitution: As reported in the initial report, prostitution is illegal in Japan.", "A campaign to clean up public morals is conducted in every prefecture under the auspices of related ministries with a purpose to raising awareness of the public on the prevention of prostitution and venereal diseases. The campaign runs about two weeks and is timed to include 24 May, the anniversary of the enactment of the Anti‑Prostitution Law.", "Information on the related offences is provided under article 6.", "2. Article 3", "With respect to article 3, the following sections provide information on reinforcement of the national machinery as well as measures for women with disabilities, which was not included in the previous reports.", "(a) Reinforcement of the national machinery", "(i)Consideration and submission of a report by the Committee for Reinforcement of the National Machinery's Function", "In August 1991, it was decided to establish a committee of experts with a view to reinforcing the headquarters for Planning and Promoting of Policies Relating to Women, based on the New National Plan of Action towards the Year 2000 (First Revision). The Committee conducted hearings from ministries of the headquarters, research on national machineries in other developed countries by dispatching study missions and hearings from local governments on their activities. After due consideration, the Committee submitted a report to the President of the headquarters on the future modalities of the headquarters in May 1993.", "The report said that it is required to promote comprehensive and coordinated measures with a view to ensuring that women lead a full life towards the creation of a society of active and joint participation of men and women. For that purpose, the report requested to review the machinery of the headquarters to promote those measures and to reflect public opinion through an advisory body.", "(ii)The headquarters' decision on the reinforcement of the machinery in relation to the above‑mentioned report", "In May 1993, the headquarters agreed to take actions taking into consideration the opinions contained in the report. In July, it decided on the reinforcement of the national machinery to promote measures to achieve a society of active and joint participation of men and women to manifest the direction of measures the Government will take.", "The decision includes reinforcement of the machinery (restructuring of the headquarters, setting up of an advisory body to reflect public opinions and to strengthening of the secretariat) and a request for the local governments to take more active measures as regards women's issues.", "(b) Measures for women with disabilities", "In March 1993, the Government formulated the New Long‑Term Programme for Government Measures for Disabled Persons to address the measures for the disabled persons after the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons. The Government is promoting comprehensive measures in line with the Programme for disabled women as well as disabled men to achieve a society in which each individual is an active member.", "Those measures include home helper services and other in‑home welfare services, services at rehabilitation and training facilities, provision of prosthetic devices, such as artificial limbs and wheelchairs, and provision of equipment for daily use such as Braille typewriters and special beds under the Law for the Welfare of Physically Disabled Persons, the Law for the Welfare of the Mentally Retarded Persons, and the Mental Health Law. Also under the Law for the Employment Promotion, etc. of Disabled Persons, measures are being promoted to enhance and secure employment of disabled persons through strict enforcement of the employment ratio system and promotion of vocational rehabilitation. In addition, there are measures to ensure income as well as a special tax deduction. Other measures are also being promoted, including removal of obstacles in such public places as buildings, roads and traffic terminals and equipment of facilities such as escalators, lifts and toilets for disabled persons.", "3. Article 4.1", "(a) Setting a target on percentage of women in national advisory bodies", "As described in the Second Report, in revising the New National Plan of Action, the headquarters moved up the target date to achieve women's share of 15 per cent in national advisory bodies by five years to approximately 1995, and continues its efforts to that end.", "(b)Request for cooperation in promotion of women in advisory bodies of local governments", "Upon setting the new target date as mentioned above, in July 1991 the headquarters issued a request to the heads of the prefectural governments and designated cities for cooperation to set up a new target concerning the promotion of women in their advisory bodies. As of the end of March 1993, target figures and dates of those local governments are as follows:", "Number of local governments (%) Target date", "Target 1993‑1995 1996‑2000 2001- Not fixed", "30% & over 11 (18.7) 3 6 2", "20‑25% 30 (50.8) 11 15 2 2", "15% 12 (20.3) 4 8", "12% 1 (1.7) 1", "Total 54 (91.5) 19 29 4 2", "Not fixed 5 (8.5)", "Grand total 59* (100)", "Source: Prime Minister's office.", "* 47 Prefectures and 12 designated cities.", "(c) Promotion of assistance to women who wish to be re‑employed", "As there are many women who stop working upon childbirth and child‑care and wish to resume work after bringing up their children, special measures are promoted to assist those women such as promotion of the re‑employment system for women by the companies, services for preparation for re‑entering into labour market, and assistance for employment in related facilities.", "4. Article 5 (a)", "(a) Request to the media for understanding and cooperation", "The New National Plan of Action (First Revision) includes as one of the basic policies to be achieved by 2000 \"To request understanding and cooperation of the media for presenting images reflecting the idea of gender equality in publications, advertisement and TV programmes\" under its first priority objective of \"Improving people's awareness of equality between men and women\". One of the concrete measures to be implemented between 1991‑1995 is \"To encourage the media to make efforts to present images reflecting the idea of gender equality\".", "In May 1991, upon the first revision of the Plan, the Prime Minister's office briefed the people in the media on its purpose and contents.", "The Ministry of Education, Ministry of Labour and other ministries as well as the Prime Minister's office also hold briefing sessions from time to time for journalists and editors who follow women's affairs.", "In August 1991, the Deputy Cabinet Secretary issued a request for cooperation on the Revised Plan to the heads of organizations of broadcasting, newspapers and publications. Similar briefings and requests for cooperation were made at the secretariat level to the people concerned.", "(b) Awareness‑raising activities including Women's Week", "During Women's Week, as reported in the previous two reports, the Ministry of Labour, from 1991 under the theme of \"Let's make an epoch we can live vividly irrespective of sex\", conducts nationwide campaign in conjunction with local authorities, women's organizations, trade unions, employers' associations and mass media organizations to eradicate stereotyped sex‑role concepts and create a society in which each individual may lead his/her own life.", "From 1993, revenue from Local Subsidy Tax can be utilized by prefectural governments' activities for awareness‑raising in various fields including information activities on the Equal Employment Opportunity Law and activities to correct stereotyped role concepts, which will contribute to the promotion of gender equality in employment.", "(c) Public relations activities by the Government", "In carrying out its information activities, the Government pays attention to avoid enhancing stereotyped role concepts of men and women, i.e., by producing posters to present women's active participation in various fields. The Government also makes efforts to follow the objectives of the New National Plan of Action (First Revision) in producing posters and information material.", "(d) Other activities", "Since 1992, the Tokyo Women's Foundation has conducted an annual contest of gender‑sensitive advertisement, and presented an honour to those TV commercials, posters and advertisements in newspapers and magazines that are recommended by citizens of Tokyo as favourable in addressing women's issues.", "In March 1993, the Prefecture of Osaka reviewed description and images that reflected stereotyped role concepts in its publications, and compiled a guidebook for expression towards a society of active and joint partnership of men and women, which provides basic guidelines to project positive images of such a society.", "5. Article 5 (b)", "According to the survey on social life conducted by the Management and Coordination Agency in 1991, women spent three hours and fifty‑two minutes per day on household work including housekeeping and child‑care whereas men spent only twenty‑four minutes. In two‑income families, wives spent four hours and seventeen minutes compared to husbands' nineteen minutes, which shows that it is mainly wives who do housekeeping and child‑care.", "In addition to the measures that had already been implemented, the Government started the following measures in 1991 to promote further the recognition of motherhood as social function and to enhance men and women to have joint responsibility over bringing up children.", "(a) Promotion of fathers' participation in home education", "In 1991 and 1992, the Ministry of Education commissioned a study for local governments on learning opportunities for fathers concerning home education in order to promote fathers' participation in home education.", "In addition, since 1991, the Ministry has assisted in establishing a parenthood forum in civic centres, kindergartens and spare rooms of elementary schools where experienced parents and those who finished home education courses are assigned for networking on home education in order to revitalize educational functions of family and community, and promoting exchange of information and experiences on home education and networking in the neighbourhood.", "(b) Community support programmes for child‑rearing in child‑care centres", "As it is necessary to further community support for parents with children, model projects were started in 1993 to provide counselling and guidance to alleviate worries of parents and to develop and assist local child‑care circles to support child‑care in the family through their nursing activities.", "6. Article 6", "Concerning this article, the previous reports gave an outline of the Anti‑Prostitution Law and other legal provisions, cases cleared up concerning prostitution‑related crimes, control of prostitution and awareness‑raising activities with respect to the dignity of the sexes so as to prevent prostitution. This report provides information on the total number of cases cleared up and the number of such cases by provisions of the related laws as well as protection and rehabilitation measures for those women who need them, which were not included in the previous reports.", "(a) Cases cleared up concerning prostitution‑related crimes", "Changes in the number of cases cleared up in relation to the prostitution‑related crimes by applied provisions are shown in table 40 in the annex.", "In 1992, of 6,516 such cases, offences against the Anti‑Prostitution Law amounted to 6,315 or more than 96 per cent of all such cases. Among those, major offences are solicitation (article 5; 477 cases), procurement (article 6; 3,285 cases), contracts to make a person prostitute (article 10; 2,311 cases) and furnishing of places (article 11; 143 cases). Others include 122 cases under the Child Welfare Law, 63 cases under the Employment Security Law and 16 cases under the Criminal Code.", "(b) Protection and rehabilitation of women who need protection", "(i) Women's Consultative Offices", "Women's Consultative Offices are established in every prefecture under article 34 of the Anti‑Prostitution Law. Those offices, as a core institution for protection and rehabilitation, provide professional counselling and guidance, conduct survey and judgement and extend temporary protection to those women who are feared will commit prostitution in view of their conduct and environmental factors.", "(ii) Women's Consultants", "Women's Consultants are part‑time officials of the local governments. Under article 35 of the Anti‑Prostitution Law, it is compulsory for prefectural governments and is optional for municipal governments to appoint such consultants. Their task is to find those women who need protection, provide counselling on their problems concerning their life, work, health, application for women's protective institutions (as explained below), families and other surrounding factors, and conduct necessary guidance and arrangements including recommendation to the related facilities.", "(iii) Women's protective institutions", "Women's protective institutions accommodate those women who need protection based on the decisions of the Chief of women's consultative offices and give guidance on life and work to achieve independence and rehabilitation of the women under their protection. Those institutions also keep close contact and cooperate with other related organizations by holding meetings with counselling centres, welfare offices and public employment security offices in order to facilitate rehabilitation guidance for the women under their protection.", "Article 36 of the Anti‑Prostitution Law stipulates that prefectural governments may establish such protective institutions as well as municipal governments and other organizations including social welfare juridical persons. In April 1965, in order to accommodate those women who have difficulty in rehabilitation at ordinary facilities, Kanita Women's Village (a protection facility for long‑term accommodation) was established. As of 1 October 1991, there were 53 women's protective institutions with a capacity of 1,742 people, 754 women under protection and 559 staff members.", "7. Article 7 (a)", "(a)Increase of female Diet members and the inauguration of the first woman Speaker of the House of Representatives", "After submission of the second report, elections of the House of Councillors and the House of Representatives were held in July 1992 and in July 1993, respectively. As the result of those elections, the number of women members in the House of Councillors increased from 34 to 37, and in the House of Representatives from 12 to 14. As of the end of July 1993, including the members who hold their seats by replacement, there are 14 women in the House of Representatives and 38 women in the House of Councillors, with the total of 52 women Diet members. It is for the first time that women in the Diet have exceeded 50. Women account for 6.8 per cent (6.1 per cent in March 1992; 6.5 per cent in July 1992) of the 763 Diet seats.", "Furthermore, on 6 August 1993, a woman was elected to serve as the sixty‑eighth Speaker of the House of Representatives for the first time in the history of Japan.", "(b) Appointment of female Ministers", "In December 1992, Prime Minister Miyazawa reshuffled his cabinet and appointed a woman to be minister (Minister of Education) and another woman to be vice‑minister (Parliamentary Vice‑Minister of Labour).", "In August 1993, Prime Minister Hosokawa appointed in his cabinet three women to ministerial posts (Minister of Education, Director‑General of the Economic Planning Agency and Director‑General of the Environment Agency), which is the largest number in history, and two women to vice‑ministers (Parliamentary Vice‑Minister of Management and Co‑ordination and Parliamentary Vice‑Minister of Science and Technology).", "(c) Women in national advisory bodies", "As of the end of March 1993, the proportion of women in national advisory councils exceeded 10 per cent for the first time to be 10.4 per cent. In general, there are three categories of members in those councils: members designated subject to their official posts, members recommended by related organizations and other members. Women accounted for 2.7 per cent of the members designated subject to their posts, 4.8 per cent of the members recommended by organizations and 12.8 per cent of other members. The low proportion in the first category is a result of a small number of women in the senior public posts, and therefore is related to the recruitment and promotion of women in the civil service. As the proportion of women in the members recommended by organizations is also low, the Chief Cabinet Secretary made requests for 300‑odd organizations to consider recommending more women candidates. In July 1993, the first Minister for Women's Affairs issued a request for cooperation in recommending more women candidates to advisory councils and promoting women in their own organizations.", "(d)Proportion of women in local assemblies, administrative heads and advisory bodies of the local governments", "(i) Women in local assemblies", "The number of women in local assemblies shows a slight increase. As of December 1992, there were 2,158 women out of 65,360 members, or 3.3 per cent of all members of prefectural and municipal assemblies (3.2 per cent in December 1991).", "(ii) Women as the heads of the local governments", "As of the end of December 1992, there were 3,259 municipalities. Since the first women town mayor was elected in 1955, a maximum of three women town mayors were incumbent at one time. In 1991 and 1992, respectively, a woman was elected as city mayor. As of 1 July 1993, there are two women city mayors and one woman town mayor. There are no women among the heads of 47 prefectures and 12 designated cities.", "(iii)Women as the deputy heads of governments of prefectures and of designated cities", "As for vice‑governors and deputy mayors who are appointed by heads of local governments in the 47 prefectures and 12 designated cities, two women were appointed to vice‑governors (including Vice‑Governor of Tokyo) and another to deputy mayor for the first time in 1991. In the following year, the third woman vice‑governor assumed office. As of February 1993, there are three women vice‑governors and one woman deputy mayor.", "(iv) Women in advisory bodies of local governments", "Prefectures and designated cities are also making efforts to increase women's representation in their advisory councils. In 1992, the proportion of women in statutory advisory councils was 9.6 per cent.", "8. Article 7 (b)", "Since the previous report, service areas for female Self‑Defence Force (SDF) personnel and female police officers have expanded.", "(a) Expansion of service areas for female (SDF) personnel (uniformed)", "The Defence Agency has upheld the policy not to deploy female SDF personnel in the areas of direct exposure to combat, supporting areas to a combat force on the front line, and areas that require extra physical strength. However, in view of the recent advancement of women following the enforcement of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law and examples of activities of women in foreign countries and other factors, the Defence Agency has reviewed its policy on the deployment of female SDF personnel in order to expand their service areas and utilize their potentials.", "Consequently, all posts of the Ground, Maritime and Air SDF, except those posts to which the deployments of female SDF personnel are restricted for the time being for the sake of protection of motherhood and other reasons, are opened to female personnel. In particular, women are admitted to the Maritime and Air SDF as Student Airmen and allowed to take examinations of Student Airmen from 1993.", "(b)Active recruitment of female police officers and expansion of job areas", "The police force is promoting active recruitment of female police officers and expansion of such job areas in order to appropriately address increasingly complicated and diversified police cases and to conduct police work utilizing women's faculties. The number of prefectures that have started recruitment of female police officers is rapidly increasing. Four prefectures started recruitment of women in 1991, and 10 in 1992. As of 1 April 1993, there are approximately 5,400 female police officers working in 45 prefectures (600 more than the previous year). Two more prefectures are scheduled to start recruiting women from 1993, and from 1994 all prefectures are expected to have female police officers working in their police force. The job areas are also expanding to various fields including criminal investigation, identification, analysis of information, escorting and guarding VIPs and security as well as traffic control, juvenile guidance, detention of women suspects and public relations. The promotion of women to senior management posts is also under way: in March 1990, a female officer was promoted to police superintendent for the first time.", "9. Article 8", "(a) Participation of women in international conferences", "The number of women in official delegations to international conferences is on a gradual increase. Since 1975, women representatives and alternates have participated in the following international conferences:", "United Nations General Assembly (representative, alternate)", "Special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament (representative)", "Economic and Social Council (alternate)", "Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) (Head of delegation, alternate)", "Conference on the Law of the Sea (alternate)", "United Nations Commission on Transnational Corporations (representative)", "United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (representative, alternate)", "United Nations Conference on an International Code of Conduct on the Transfer of Technology (alternate)", "World Assembly on Ageing (representative)", "International Conference on Population (alternate)", "World Conference on Women (head of delegation, representative, alternate)", "General Conference of the International Labour Organisation (representative, alternate, advisor)", "General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (representative, advisor)", "Universal Postal Conference (alternate)", "Executive Board of the United Nations Children Fund (representative)", "Special session of the General Assembly on economy (alternate)", "Conference on International Justice (representative)", "United Nations Commission on Human Settlements (representative)", "United Nations Environment Programme (representative)", "In addition, a woman representative and two women advisors attended the World Conference on Human Rights held in June 1993.", "(b) Participation of women in international organizations", "(i) International organizations", "The proportion of women in the Japanese staff in the United Nations Secretariat jumped up from 12 per cent at the end of June 1978 to 47 per cent at the end of June 1993.", "The number of Japanese women in professional posts in major international organizations, including the United Nations, shows a considerable increase from 19 in 1975 to more than 170 in 1992. As of the end of 1992, there are several Japanese women working in senior management posts including Mrs. Sadako Ogata, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Director of Personnel at UNESCO, Director of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Resident Representative of United Nations Development Programme in Bangladesh, and Deputy Executive Secretary of ESCAP Secretariat.", "(ii) Women ambassadors", "Japan has had four women ambassadors, one of whom is the incumbent ambassador to Kenya.", "10. Article 9", "There have been no developments worthy of note since the second report.", "11. Article 10", "(a)New projects for promoting gender equality in National Women's Education Centre", "Since 1991, the National Women's Education Centre has started convening the \"Joint Forum for Women and Men\" for leaders of various organizations to promote joint participation of men and women and to provide opportunities to exchange information and enhance research and consultations to promote life-long learning.", "Since 1992, the Centre has conducted programme studies for correcting stereotyped role concepts among young men and women to research and study on subjects and methods of learning that contribute to a change in the concept of gender equality. The Centre also convenes home education study seminars with the theme of \"family education in the era of a few children\".", "Since 1993, the Centre has deployed two researchers to strengthen its research and study function.", "(b) Making home economics compulsory for men and women", "As reported in the second report, according to the new Courses of Study (revised in 1989), the same curriculum of home economics for both boys and girls has been implemented in junior high schools (from 1993), and is scheduled to be implemented in high schools from 1994. Various measures are being promoted for the smooth introduction of the curriculum.", "Following the above, related description in textbooks are being elaborated.", "12. Article 11 (a)-(c)", "(a) Implementation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law", "Following the enforcement of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law, many companies improved their personnel management to comply with the statutory requirements. As the understanding of the purpose of the law is steadily deepening, there is a growing atmosphere in society to utilize women's potentials while women themselves become more conscious of their work. However, there still remain problems including the existence of recruitment and hiring of \"men only\" especially in case of engineers. As improvements in practice lag behind the improvements in systems, ensuring de facto equality is a task to be fulfilled.", "The Ministry of Labour conducts awareness-raising activities in various occasions in order to promote understanding of the purpose of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law and to ensure equal treatment for men and women. In particular, during the Equal Employment Opportunity Month in June, the Ministry conducts an intensive public relations campaign including convening of a national conference.", "In addition to the measures already implemented such as guidance, assistance and consultation by Women's and Young Workers' Offices and promotion of self-check by business establishments, measures to ensure equal employment opportunities for new school leavers have started from 1993 in order to ensure effective implementation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law. Since there are concerns over the alleged tighter restrictions on recruitment of female students than male students as an increasing number of companies are taking labour adjustment measures including refraining from new recruitment due to the recent recession, the Ministry has established special consulting sections in some of the Women's and Young Workers' Offices and made a request to the employers' associations to enhance understanding of the objective of the law and to ensure that female and male students have equal opportunities on recruitment and employment.", "In April 1993, Women's and Young Workers' Problems Council started considering effective measures to enhance further the understanding of the purpose of the law, including the possibility of reviewing the laws and guidelines. The Council is also considering relaxation of the restrictions to protect women except those on maternal protection under the Labour Standards Law in order to ensure equal opportunity and treatment between men and women in employment, with a view to realizing the same legal framework for men and women.", "(b) Principle of equal pay for equal work for men and women", "Concerning the principle of equal pay for equal work for men and women, Article 4 of the Labour Standards Law prohibits wage discrimination based only on sex. The Ministry has been endeavouring to ensure the implementation of the provision through supervision of and guidance to establishments.", "(c)Proposal to review the social system for full utilization of women's professional potentials", "Under the present framework of the tax and social security system, many women part-time workers limit their work hours to keep their income within a certain amount in order to be treated as dependants of their spouses. In such cases, the potential of women is not fully utilized. Therefore, in July 1993, Women's and Young Workers Problems Council (an advisory body to the Minister of Labour) submitted to the Minister of Finance, Minister of Health and Welfare, Minister of Labour and Minister of Home Affairs, a proposal on the review of the social system for full utilization of women's professional potentials including tax and social security systems surrounding married women with a view to utilizing women as a basic labour force.", "(d) Enactment and enforcement of the Child-care Leave Law", "In order to promote compatibility of work and family responsibility, the Child-care Leave Law for employees in the private sector was enacted in May 1991, and other laws for the various public sector employees were enacted in December 1991, all of which went into force in April 1992. Under these laws, parents of children under one year old, either mothers or fathers, may take child-care leave.", "In order to promote the application of the Child-care Leave Law in the private sector, it is necessary to advocate the purpose and contents of the law. The Ministry of Labour conducts intensive awareness-raising activities in the \"Month for Harmonization of Work and Child-care\", and also takes every opportunity to publicize the purpose and contents of the law.", "In 1992, the Ministry established \"Subsidy for the Implementation of Programmes to Facilitate the Return to Work by Workers after Child-care Leave\", a system to provide subsidies to the employers who implement appropriate measures to provide information to, and to maintain and improve the vocational adaptability and capability of those workers who take child-care leave in the private sector in order to help them resume work smoothly. The Ministry makes efforts to enhance the child-care leave by utilizing the said system. In addition, the problem of financial support to those who take child-care leave is now under consideration in the relevant council. The state of the implementation for the Child-care Leave Law in the private sector is now under investigation.", "In addition, in conjunction with the enforcement of the Law, measures are taken to facilitate mid-term entry of children into child-care centres from May 1992.", "(e) Promotion of family-care leave scheme", "There is a strong need for strengthening measures to support workers who are caring for family members to fulfil their responsibility in work as well as in the family. In July 1992, the Government formulated \"Guidelines for the Family-care Leave Scheme\" to promote introduction of family-care leave and the measures concerned in line with the guidelines through guidance to the employees and the employers. In particular, intensive public relations activities, including a symposium on work and family-care, are carried out around 15 September, the Respect-for-the-Aged Day, to enhance effective awareness-raising.", "(f) Subsidies to set up company creches", "In 1993, the Ministry of Labour began to provide subsidies to those employers who set up and operate child-care facilities in their business establishments or start to operate such facilities by renting with a view to encouraging opening of such facilities.", "(g) Assisting employment of working women", "From 1991, the Ministry of Labour commissioned the Japan Institute of Workers Evolution to implement the project to assist employment of working women (2020 Telephone) to provide counselling on child-care, family-care and housekeeping to enable women workers with family responsibilities to enjoy various relevant services when needed, and to help them to continue work and get re‑employed. From 1993, the areas in which the project is implemented are expanded.", "13. Article 12", "Concerning Article 12, information on family planning and measures to combat HIV infection, which were not included in the previous reports, are provided in the following sections.", "(a) Family planning", "The concept of family planning has been promoted by the Government and NGOs since the 1950s, and are now widely known in the country. According to a survey, more than 80 per cent of married women have experiences of family planning of some sort.", "(b) Countermeasures against AIDS/HIV", "(i)Integration of the measures in the New National Plan of Action (First Revision)", "Awareness-raising on emerging issues which affect women's health is one of the practical measures under a policy objective of \"Awareness-raising on the importance of maternity and dignity of sex and protection of maternity\" in the New National Plan of Action (First Revision). Activities to disseminate correct information and raise awareness on such issues as AIDS, drug abuse and alcohol dependency are promoted for both men and women.", "(ii) Implementation of measures to combat AIDS/HIV", "In Japan, the first AIDS case was found in 1985, and the first female AIDS case in 1987. The first case of maternity infection was reported in 1990. Presently, cases of HIV infection are scattered widely in the country, and in most cases the infection was through heterosexual intercourse.", "In February 1987, the ministerial meeting to combat AIDS decided the outline of comprehensive countermeasures against AIDS, which was revised in March 1992. The measures based on the said outlines have been implemented under the collaboration to relevant ministries.", "Individual counselling on AIDS is provided by doctors in the Health Centres established by prefectures and designated cities. In such counselling, doctors advise persons who seem to require them to take HIV tests. If they agree to take HIV tests, such checks are provided free of charge. The HIV tests are available for other individuals if they cover the costs.", "(iii) Awareness-raising on correct information on AIDS", "In addition to various information activities which had already been carried out, the Ministry of Health and Welfare established in October 1992 the Task Force to Stop AIDS Plan presided over by the Minister of Health and Welfare to publicize widely the correct information on AIDS, with the cooperation of local governments and the private sector.", "The Ministry of Education is also actively implementing such measures as producing teaching material and training for teaching staff with a view to teaching correct information on AIDS in schools, eradicating misunderstandings and prejudices against AIDS and nurturing the spirit of human dignity. Information on sex education, which is closely related to AIDS education, was included in the second report.", "Learning opportunities are provided for leaders of social education and local communities in order to promote correct information on AIDS, and subsidies are extended to local governments' classes and courses on AIDS.", "Health Centres also engage in information activities by distributing pamphlets and using videos when carrying out individual counselling.", "14. Article 13", "Amendment to the Enforcement Order for the Coastal Fisheries Improvement Fund Subsidy Law", "A cabinet ordinance concerning an amendment to a part of the Enforcement Order for the law was proclaimed and enacted in September 1992. The purpose is to re‑arrange the fund for aged people out of the Fisher's Living Improvement Fund which prefectural governments lend based on the law to the fund for both women and the aged people as well as to strengthen the fund.", "15. Article 14", "(a)Formulation of the basic direction of new policies for food, agriculture and rural areas", "In June 1992, \"the Basic Direction of New Policies for Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas\" was formulated to indicate issues on food, agriculture and rural policy and future policy directions in response to the emerging social and economic situation. It provides an objective of enhancing clear definition of women's role in agricultural production and revitalizing rural villages.", "(b)Promotion of measures based on The New Rural Women: Towards the Year 2001 (the report of a Round-table Meeting on a Medium- and Long-term Vision for Rural Women)", "In recognition of the important role of women in agriculture and rural community, the Round-table Meeting on a Medium- and Long-term Vision for Rural Women formulated in June 1992 a report \"The New Rural Women: Towards the Year 2001\", which indicates future visions of rural women and basic direction of measures to be implemented to achieve such visions.", "The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is to implement various measures in line with the medium- and long-term visions.", "(c) Practical measures", "In order to implement new policies and the vision, the Government, local governments and agricultural organizations are to promote measures in cooperation with each other with a focus on (i) consideration of clear definition of women's role in management, (ii) promotion of participation of women in decision-making, (iii) reducing the burden of work and improvement of favourable working conditions, (iv) training of women to improve their ability in agricultural technology and management, and (v) review of the status of women who engage in agriculture under the Farmers' Pension System.", "16. Article 15", "There are no developments worthy of note since the second report.", "17. Article 16", "Review of marriage-related laws", "Part 4 (Family) and Part 5 (Inheritance) of the Civil Code underwent overall review after the Second World War following the enactment of the Constitution which prescribes equality of men and women and respect for individuality. Minor amendments were also made in those provisions several times. In 1987, another amendment was made to review the adoption of children including introduction of the so-called special adoption scheme.", "The Legislative Council, the advisory body to the Minister of Justice, has a subcommittee to review provisions in the Civil Code relating to the family and inheritance. In January 1991, the subcommittee resumed its consideration to review Chapter 2 (Marriage) in Part 4 (Family) as the next item on the agenda. Such issues as minimal age for marriage, appropriateness of reviewing the prohibition of women's re-marriage in a certain period and surnames of married couples are now under consideration.", "The Ministry of Justice published an interim report on provisions pertaining to marriage and divorce, and asked for opinions from various circles by the middle of May 1993.", "At present, the subcommittee continues its deliberation taking into account the opinions submitted by various bodies.", "Apart from the above, there is no development worthy of note since the second report." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]Changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "CEDAW/C/JPN/3", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.COMITE POUR L'ELIMINATION DE LA", "DISCRIMINATION A L'EGARD DES", "FEMMES (CEDAW)", "EXAMEN DES RAPPORTS SOUMIS PAR LES ETATS PARTIES", "CONFORMEMENT A L'ARTICLE 18 DE LA CONVENTION", "Troisième rapport périodique des Etats parties", "JAPON", "* Pour le rapport initial du Gouvernement japonais, voir CEDAW/C/5/Add.48, Amend.1 et Corr.1; pour son examen par le Comité, voir CEDAW/C/SR.108, CEDAW/C/SR.109 et CEDAW/C/SR.111, et les Documents officiels de l'Assemblée générale, quarante‑troisième session, Supplément No 38 (A/43/38), par. 232 à 289.", "Introduction", "1. Ceci est le troisième rapport périodique du Japon à être soumis au Secrétaire général des Nations Unies conformément à l'Article 18 de la Convention sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l'égard des femmes (ci-après dénommée « la Convention ») que le Gouvernement japonais a ratifiée en 1985.", "2. Le Japon a soumis, en mars 1987, son rapport initial (CEDAW/C/5/Add.48) qui a été examiné en 1988 à la septième session du Comité pour l'élimination de la discrimination à l'égard des femmes. Son deuxième rapport (CEDAW/ C/JPN/2) a été soumis en février 1992 et doit être examiné à la treizième session du Comité prévue pour 1994.", "3. Le présent rapport concerne l'évolution de l'application de la Convention au Japon pour la période de deux ans environ qui va de juillet 1991 (lorsque le deuxième rapport a été rédigé) à septembre 1993, et comprend d'autres renseignements qui ne figuraient pas dans les précédents. Le rapport fournit aussi, dans la Première partie, des renseignements sur la situation actuelle des femmes au Japon.", "4. Après la présentation du deuxième rapport au Secrétaire général, le Gouvernement japonais a tenu une réunion des membres du Conseil consultatif au Président du Centre pour la planification et la promotion des politiques concernant les femmes aux fins d'instructions et pour recueillir leurs observations sur le rapport. Il a également fait distribuer la version japonaise aux membres concernés de la Diète, aux partis politiques, aux grandes organisations de femmes, aux journalistes, aux services de la condition féminine des administrations locales et aux particuliers intéressés.", "Les observations des divers groupes de femmes et des universitaires sur le deuxième rapport ont été prises en considération dans la rédaction du présent rapport, et le Conseil consultatif a été consulté sur la teneur du rapport.", "Le Conseil consultatif est un organisme privé chargé de conseiller le Premier Ministre, lequel est Président du Centre pour la planification et la promotion des politiques concernant les femmes, l'instance nationale pour la promotion de mesures générales pour les femmes au Japon. Le Conseil consultatif est formé d'experts de la condition féminine et comprend des représentants des organisations nationales des femmes, des universités, du journalisme, des syndicats et de divers groupes de femmes.", "5. Partie à la Convention, le Japon est résolu à poursuivre ses efforts en vue d'extirper toutes les formes de discrimination contre les femmes afin de parvenir à une égalité réelle entre hommes et femmes.", "PREMIERE PARTIE SITUATION DES FEMMES AU JAPON", "1. Population et statistiques de l'état civil", "En 1992, la population du Japon était d'environ 124,45 millions, dont 63,36 millions étaient des femmes et 61,1 millions des hommes. Les femmes étaient donc 2,26 millions de plus que les hommes et représentaient 50,9 % de la population totale.", "Le Japon s'achemine rapidement vers une société âgée, et cette tendance apparaît le plus clairement dans sa population féminine. En 1992, les femmes représentaient 59,4 % des 65 ans et plus, et ce pourcentage devrait demeurer à peu près le même.", "En 1992, l'espérance de vie à la naissance était de 82,22 ans pour les femmes et de 76,09 ans pour les hommes. Le Japon vient en tête dans le monde pour l'espérance de vie, des hommes comme femmes.", "Le nombre de naissances vivantes en 1992 était d'environ 1.209.000 pour un taux de natalité de 9,8 (pour 1.000 personnes). Le nombre annuel de naissances vivantes et le taux brut de natalité ont baissé, de sorte que le taux de fécondité totale (le nombre moyen d'enfants qui naîtraient à chaque femme conformément au taux de fécondité d'une période donnée : la somme des taux de fécondité par âge pour les femmes de 15 à 49 ans) n'était plus que de 1,50, soit moins que l'année précédente qui, avec 1,53, détenait jusque-là le niveau le plus bas de l'histoire. La faiblesse du taux de natalité est largement due à la remarquable augmentation de la proportion de jeunes femmes célibataires de 20 à 30 ans. L'un des facteurs qui serait à l'origine de ce phénomène serait que les femmes n'ont pas l'impression que les actuelles structures sociales rendent moins contraignante la condition de ménagère et de mère de famille, alors que leur situation économique s'améliore et qu'elles peuvent maintenant choisir entre divers styles de vie.", "En 1992, il y a eu 754.441 mariages, soit un taux de nuptialité de 6,1 (pour 1.000 personnes), ce qui est en augmentation par rapport à 1990. L'âge moyen au premier mariage était de 26,0 pour les femmes et de 28,4 pour les hommes, et cet âge ne cesse de reculer.", "Quant au divorce, il y en a eu 179.191 en 1992, soit un taux de divortialité de 1,45 (pour 1.000 personnes), et nombre et taux n'ont fait qu'augmenter depuis 1990. On note, en particulier, une augmentation des divorces entre gens mariés depuis longtemps.", "La taille des ménages diminue : en 1990, le nombre moyen de personnes par ménage était tombé au-dessous de 3, avec 2,99.", "La physionomie des ménages, en 1970, était la suivante : 76,7 % étaient formés d'un chef de famille et d'un ou plusieurs membres, et 23,1 % d'une seule personne; 26,4 % comptaient un membre âgé de 65 ans ou plus, et ce pourcentage augmente.", "Le taux de mortalité maternelle était, en 1991, de 9,0 pour 100.000 naissances (contre un taux record d'après-guerre de 178,8 en 1955). Le taux de mortalité infantile, en 1992, était de 4,0 pour 1.000 naissances pour les filles et de 5,0 pour les garçons (contre un record de 72,0 pour les filles et de 81,0 pour les garçons en 1947). Ces deux taux sont à un niveau très bas.", "Durant l'année 1992, 493 nouveaux cas de syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise (SIDA) et de virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) ont été relevés (non compris les cas d'infection par produits sanguins), soit une augmentation considérable par rapport aux 238 cas de l'année précédente. A part les cas d'infection par produits sanguins, davantage de femmes (291) que d'hommes (202) ont été infectées par le VIH en 1992. Le nombre réel de sidéens et de séropositifs serait de 8,7 fois supérieur au nombre signalé.", "En 1991, environ 2.948.000 enfants/personnes étaient atteints d'invalidité, parmi lesquels 1.150.000 femmes et 1.502.000 hommes étaient soignés chez eux. Le nombre des handicapés mentaux était d'environ 385.000, dont 111.000 femmes et 158.000 hommes étaient soignés à domicile.", "2. Education", "En 1992, le taux de scolarisation secondaire était de 96,2 % pour les filles (93,9 % pour les garçons), taux supérieur à celui des garçons depuis 1969. Le pourcentage de filles entrant à l'université ou dans des établissements supérieurs du premier cycle est, lui aussi, en augmentation : en 1992, il était de 40,8 % pour les filles et de 37,0 % pour les garçons, et le taux des filles est supérieur à celui des garçons depuis 1989. En ce qui concerne les taux d'inscription universitaire, ils étaient, en 1992, de 17,3 % pour les filles et de 35,2 % pour les garçons. Il y a encore un écart entre garçons et filles, mais cet écart se réduit par rapport à 1980 (12,3 % pour les filles et 39,3 % pour les garçons).", "Les proportions de femmes par cours d'université montrent que ceux où les femmes étaient la majorité sont l'enseignement ménager (98,3 pour cent), les arts (66,8 pour cent), les lettres (66,4 pour cent) et l'éducation (54,8 pour cent). Parmi les cours où le taux des femmes inscrites avait été faible, on notait une augmentation considérable par rapport à 1980 en sciences sociales (17,4 % contre 8,2 %) et en agriculture (26,9 % contre 11,5 %) et une très légère augmentation en sciences (19,8 % contre 15,9 %),et en technologie (5,5 % contre 1,5 % ).", "En 1992, on comptait 8.141 femmes dans le personnel enseignant des établissements universitaires de premier cycle (6.320 en 1980), ce qui représentait 38,5 % de l'ensemble du corps enseignant (38,6 % en 1980). Par rapport à 1980, il y avait augmentation en nombre, mais le pourcentage demeurait le même. Parmi le personnel enseignant des universités, les femmes étaient 12.380 en 1992 (8.630 en 1980), ce qui représentait 9,6 % du personnel enseignant (8,4 % en 1980). Par rapport à 1980, aussi bien le nombre que le pourcentage ont augmenté.", "En 1992, le taux d'insertion professionnelle des diplômés d'établissements universitaires du premier cycle était de 86,8 % pour les femmes et de 70,6 % pour les hommes, et celui des diplômés d'université de 80,4 % pour les femmes et de 79,7 % pour les hommes. Dans les deux cas, les taux étaient supérieurs pour les femmes que pour les hommes. Parmi les diplômés, exception faite de ceux qui poursuivent leurs études, le pourcentage de ceux qui trouvent un emploi a augmenté, à la fois pour les hommes et pour les femmes, au cours des dix dernières années. Celui des femmes, en particulier, enregistre une remarquable augmentation. Pour les diplômés d'établissements universitaires du premier cycle, il était de 89,9 % pour les femmes et de 81,3 % pour les hommes et, pour les diplômés d'université, de 84,9 % pour les femmes et de 89,4 % pour les hommes.", "3. Emploi", "La population féminine active du Japon (la somme de celles qui travaillent et de celles qui ne travaillent pas) est en augmentation : en 1992, elle s'élevait à 26.790.000, soit 40,7 % de l'ensemble de la population active. En 1992, les femmes qui travaillaient étaient 26.190.000 et les sans-emploi 600.000, soit un taux de chômage de 2,2 % (lequel était de 2,1 % pour les hommes).", "Le taux de participation féminine au monde du travail (pourcentage de population active âgée de 15 ans et plus) est également en augmentation : en 1992, il était de 57,7 % (contre un taux de participation de 77,9 % pour les hommes). Les taux de participation féminine au monde du travail par groupes d'âge dessinent une courbe en forme de M avec, aux deux sommets, les taux des femmes âgées de 20 à 24 ans (75,6 pour cent) et de 45 à 49 ans (72,0 pour cent) et, dans le creux, celui des femmes de 30 à 34 ans (52,7 pour cent). Ceci montre que beaucoup de Japonaises cessent de travailler pour se marier et avoir des enfants, pour ensuite retourner travailler plus tard, une fois les enfants élevés. Le creux de la courbe, toutefois, tend à remonter.", "Les taux de participation au monde du travail par situation matrimoniale se présentent comme suit : en 1992, 57,4 % dans le groupe des non-mariés, 52,9 % dans le groupe des mariés et 32,7 % dans le groupe des divorcés et veufs. Sur les 26.190.000 femmes qui travaillaient, 19.740.000 étaient des employées (75,4 % de l'ensemble de l'effectif féminin), 2.630.000 des indépendantes (10,0 pour cent) et 3.750.000 des travailleuses familiales (14,3 pour cent). Si le pourcentage des employées continue à augmenter, celui des indépendantes et celui des travailleuses familiales diminuent.", "Par secteur d'activité, la répartition de la main-d'oeuvre féminine se présente comme suit : en 1992, 6.180.000 femmes (31,3 % de la main-d'oeuvre féminine) travaillaient dans les services, 5.380.000 dans le commerce de détail et la restauration (27,3 pour cent) et 4.940.000 dans le secteur manufacturier (25,0 pour cent). Ainsi, 83,6 % de la main-d'oeuvre féminine était employée dans ces trois secteurs. Par rapport à 1980, la part de l'emploi dans le secteur manufacturier a baissé et celle des services, du commerce de détail et de la restauration a augmenté.", "Par occupation, la situation, en 1992, était la suivante : 6.890.000 étaient employée de bureau, 3.850.000 ouvrières qualifiées et autres dans le secteur manufacturier et le bâtiment, 2.710.000 exerçaient une profession libérale ou étaient techniciennes, 2.510.000 étaient vendeuses et 2.220.000 travaillaient dans la sécurité et les services.", "Les femmes sont aussi la majorité dans le travail de bureau (59,3 pour cent) ainsi que la sécurité et les services (52,6 pour cent). Le pourcentage des femmes dans des postes de direction a augmenté, même si ce n'est que marginalement, passant de 5,1 % en 1980 à 7,9 % en 1992.", "La longueur moyenne de la vie professionnelle des femmes était de 7,4 années en 1992. C'est moins que pour les hommes (12,5 années), mais c'est plus que les 6,1 années de 1980.", "En ce qui concerne l'écart de salaire entre hommes et femmes, si l'on exclut les employés à temps partiel (dont les heures de travail par jour ou par semaine sont inférieures à celles d'un travailleur ordinaire dans un établissement donné), les salaires déclarés des employés femmes représentent 61,5 % de ceux des hommes. Cela peut s'expliquer comme suit :", "Au Japon, on commence en général à travailler immédiatement au sortir de l'école et on obtient des augmentations de salaire en fonction de l'expérience et des compétences acquises en cours d'emploi dans l'entreprise. C'est pourquoi les salaires des travailleurs-femmes, dont la vie professionnelle est généralement plus courte que celle des hommes, comme on l'a dit plus haut, sont généralement plus faibles.", "Si l'on considère le salaire d'un travailleur ordinaire (de quelqu'un qui commence à travailler au sortir de l'école et continue à le faire pour le même employeur) sous l'angle du degré d'instruction afin de comparer le salaire des hommes et des femmes dans les mêmes conditions d'âge et de durée de vie professionnelle, on constate que, parmi les diplômés du secondaire, les femme de 20 à 30 ans gagnent approximativement 90 % de ce que gagnent les hommes et, vers l'âge de 50 ans, où l'écart est le plus grand, le pourcentage est d'environ 70 %.", "D'autres facteurs, comme les différences de domaines d'activité et d'occupation, et le faible pourcentage de femmes à des postes de direction, jouent également.", "Les femmes font moins d'heures de travail que les hommes. Dans un établissement employant 30 personnes et davantage, les femmes faisaient en moyenne 150,2 heures de travail par mois et par personne en 1992, contre 172,2 heures pour les hommes. Pour les hommes comme pour les femmes, le nombre d'heures de travail était plus faible que l'année précédente.", "Les écarts entre le nombre d'heures de travail que font les hommes et les femmes sont dus, par exemple, au fait que la réglementation du travail fait en heures supplémentaires et les jours chômés est différente pour les femmes et à la forte proportion de femmes travaillant à temps partiel.", "Le nombre des femmes syndiquées a augmenté par rapport aux années précédentes : elles étaient 3.520.000 en 1992, mais leur pourcentage ne serait que de 17,6 % et continuerait à baisser. Par contre, la proportion des femmes par rapport à l'ensemble des syndiqués a augmenté, passant de 27,6 % en 1980 à 28,2 % en 1992.", "Le nombre d'employés du secteur non agricole qui font moins de 35 heures de travail par semaine (et qui sont donc des « employés à temps partiel ») ne cesse d'augmenter. En 1992, il y avait 8.680.000 employés à temps partiel, dont 68,2 % étaient des femmes. Parmi l'ensemble des femmes employées, 30,2 % étaient employées à temps partiel.", "L'un des problèmes qui se posent aujourd'hui dans le domaine de l'emploi est celui du harcèlement sexuel. Bien que la notion de harcèlement sexuel ne soit pas clairement définie et que la situation n'ait pas été pleinement examinée, il y a eu, ces dernières années, des cas où des femmes ont, après s'être fait conseiller en la matière, porté plainte pour harcèlement sexuel, et certaines ont gagné leur procès, les tribunaux de district saisis de l'affaire statuant, sans aller jusqu'à parler de harcèlement sexuel, qu'il y avait eu infraction au code civil.", "4. Situation des femmes travaillent dans l'agriculture,", "la foresterie et la pêche", "En 1992, 1.810.000 femmes travaillaient dans l'agriculture, la foresterie ou la pêche, presque autant que d'hommes (1.940.000), et 74,6 % d'entre elles en entreprise familiale.", "En 1988, 42,3 % de ces femmes recevaient une part du revenu agricole. 64,1 % des femmes disaient avoir des actifs financiers, mais 8,6 % seulement se disaient propriétaires en leur nom propre de biens immobiliers.", "Comme la plupart des femmes rurales n'ont pas de biens immobiliers, le pourcentage des femmes rurales affilées à une caisse de retraite des agriculteurs ne dépassait pas 4,2 % en 1992.", "La participation des femmes aux activités sociales et à la prise des décisions dans les industries primaires locales demeure faible, encore que les choses s'améliorent progressivement. Par exemple, les femmes ne représentaient que 0,16 % des membres des comités agricoles (101 sur 62.166) en 1991, 12,2 % des membres (individuels) des coopératives agricoles (675.000 sur 5.526.000) et 0,11 % du personnel de direction des coopératives (73 sur 66.538). En vue de promouvoir la participation des femmes à la gestion des coopératives, certaines coopératives agricoles ont nommé des femmes à des postes de conseillers spéciaux, qui ne sont pas, toutefois, des postes statutaires.", "5. Résultat de l'enquête d'opinion concernant l'égalité des sexes", "Le Gouvernement japonais a, en novembre 1992, conduit une enquête d'opinion concernant l'égalité entre hommes et femmes. A la question de savoir s'il y a égalité entre hommes et femmes dans certains domaines, c'est seulement dans l'enseignement qu'une majorité d'hommes et de femmes a répondu « oui ». Dans les autres, la plupart des hommes et des femmes ont répondu que les hommes sont mieux traités. La tendance apparaissait davantage en politique (81,7 % des femmes et 73,7 % des hommes) ainsi que dans les normes sociales, la coutume et la tradition (78,8 % des femmes et 73,3 % des hommes). (Voir le Tableau 36 de l'annexe).", "A la question de savoir ce qui est le plus important pour réaliser l'égalité entre hommes et femmes dans tous les compartiments de la vie sociale, beaucoup d'hommes et de femmes ont répondu : « les efforts des femmes elles-mêmes pour s'émanciper par l'acquisition du pouvoir économique, par l'instruction et par la formation » (28,1 % des femmes et 27,8 % des hommes), et aussi « en réformant les préjugés et les pratiques, coutumes et traditions sociales rigides dont les femmes sont victimes » (26,3 % des femmes et 27,3 % des hommes). (Voir le Tableau 37 de l'annexe).", "6. Activités des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG), etc.", "a)Groupe de liaison pour l'application des résolutions issues de la Conférence du Japon sur l'Année internationale de la femme", "Au Japon, un grand nombre d'organisations et de groupes de femmes font un gros travail de base au plan national. En 1975, 41 organisations nationales de femmes ont coopéré à l'organisation de la Conférence internationale du Japon sur l'Année de la femme où elles ont adopté des résolutions sur la formulation du Plan national d'action et d'autres politiques concernant les femmes. Ces organisations ont formé le Groupe de liaison pour l'application des résolutions issues de la Conférence internationale du Japon sur l'Année de la femme (Groupe de liaison pour l'Année internationale de la femme) et, depuis lors, le groupe s'emploie à promouvoir la condition de la femme. C'est ainsi qu'ont été présentées au Président du Centre (Premier Ministre) des pétitions pour la prompte ratification de la Convention et pour la promotion du Plan d'action national à l'horizon 2000.", "Au 30 septembre 1991, le Groupe de liaison comprenait 52 organisations.", "b)Comité japonais du Fonds de développement des Nations Unies pour la femme (UNIFEM)", "Avec le concours de deux organisations créées par les deux cités désignées, à savoir l'Association des femmes de Yokohama pour la communication et la formation de réseaux et le Forum de Kitakyushu sur les femmes d'Asie, ainsi que d'autres organisations, le Groupe de liaison pour l'Année internationale de la femme a, en novembre 1992, établi le Comité UNIFEM pour le Japon et commencé à collaborer avec UNIFEM, qui aide les femmes des pays en développement à améliorer leurs conditions de vie par voie de relations publiques et de collecte de fonds.", "3) Activités d'autres ONG", "Outre les activités d'ONG susmentionnées, beaucoup d'organisations et de groupes de femmes étudient la Convention et mènent des activités connexes dans diverses parties du Japon. Cela recouvre une large gamme d'activités culture et loisirs favoris, préservation de l'environnement et amélioration de la vie du consommateur du point de vue des femmes ainsi que des activités visant à renforcer les liens d'amitié entre pays d'Asie. Ces ONG utilisent leurs propres équipements ainsi que les Centres de femmes et autres institutions établies pour celles-ci par les autorités locales pour servir de centres à leurs activités. Beaucoup d'ONG forment des groupes de liaison et des conseils aux niveaux national, préfectoral et municipal pour échanger des informations et coordonner leurs activités communes.", "7. Autres faits à signaler", "a) Dispositions du Code civil concernant le mariage et le divorce", "Bien que les couples mariés soient libres, selon le droit japonais, de choisir, au mariage, le nom du mari ou de la femme, 98 % des femmes choisissent le nom de leur mari. Comme, dans ces cas-là, les femmes sont obligées de changer de nom, ce qui peut gêner les femmes dans leurs activités sociales, l'idée s'est fait jour que le mari et la femme devraient être autorisés à ne pas utiliser le même nom.", "Le Conseil législatif, qui conseille le Ministre de la justice, examine actuellement les dispositions du Code civil relatives au mariage et au divorce. L'idée mentionnée ci-dessus, tendant à autoriser un couple marié à utiliser des noms différents, est l'une des questions qu'il étudie.", "b) Prostitution et femmes étrangères", "Parmi les femmes venues au Japon d'Asie du Sud-Est et d'autres pays comme touristes et qui y sont demeurées illégalement après expiration de leur permis de séjour, beaucoup, pour diverses raisons, se livrent à la prostitution et autres activités indécentes. Afin de prévenir cet état de choses, le Conseil gouvernemental des mesures de lutte contre la prostitution a, en avril 1990, soumis au Premier Ministre une pétition tendant à renforcer la lutte contre la prostitution ainsi que le contrôle des entrées et des visas; la pétition prévoyait aussi le renforcement du système de conseil et de soutien et la promotion de la coopération économique pour les pays en développement. Certaines ONG font aussi un gros travail pour venir en aide à ces femmes.", "DEUXIEME PARTIE FAITS GENERAUX", "1. Nomination du Ministre de la conditions féminine", "Lorsque le Premier Ministre, M. Miyazawa, a remanié son Cabinet en décembre 1992, il a nommé le Premier Secrétaire du Cabinet aux fonctions de Ministre d'Etat chargé de la condition féminine avec pour mission de coordonner les mesures appliquées par les administrations compétentes pour promouvoir efficacement la condition de la femme.", "En janvier 1993, le Ministre a assisté à la réunion des personnalités féminines du Japon pour échanger des vues avec les participantes en vue de s'informer des besoins des femmes. Le Ministre s'est efforcé également de promouvoir la participation des femmes à la prise des décisions d'orientation, comme il est dit plus loin. Dans le Cabinet Hosokawa, mis en place le 9 août 1993, le Premier Secrétaire du Cabinet a également été nommé Ministre chargé de la condition féminine.", "2. Structure du Centre pour la planification et la promotion", "des politiques concernant les femmes", "L'organisation et le mandat du Centre se présentent comme suit :", "Organisation administrative pour la promotion de la condition féminine au 15 août 1993", "Centre pour la planification et la promotion des politiques concernant les femmes", "Conseillers", "spéciaux", "(5)", "Représentant :", "Poste vacant", "Adjoint :", "M. Kyujiro Okina", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "Président : Premier Ministre", "Vice-Président :", "Ministre d'Etat,", "Premier Secrétaire du Cabinet", "Ministre de la condition", "féminine", "Membres :", "Vice-Ministres des Ministères", "et Départements", "Conseil consultatif au Président du Centre pour la planification et la promotion des politiques concernant les femmes (34)", "Présidence : Yoko Nuita", "Vice-Présidence : Isamu Miyazaki", "Membres : Hommes et femmes de grande érudition", "Bureau de la condition féminine", "Cabinet du Premier Ministre", "Directeur : Conseiller ministériel pour la condition féminine", "Division/services de la condition féminine des administrations préfectorales et de celles des 12 grandes cités désignées", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "Cabinet du Premier Ministre", "Département de la police nationale", "Agence ce gestion et de coordination", "Agence pour le développement de Hokkaido", "Département de la défense", "Département de la planification économique", "Département de la science et la technologie", "Département de l'environnement", "Agence pour le développement d'Okinawa", "Agence nationale de la propriété foncière", "", "Ministère de la justice", "Ministère des affaires étrangères", "Ministère des finances et Ministère de l'éducation", "Ministère de la santé et de la protection sociale", "Ministère de l'agriculture, des forêts et de la pêche", "Ministère du commerce international et de l'industrie", "Ministère du transport", "Ministère des postes et des télécommunications", "Ministère du travail", "Ministère du bâtiment", "Ministère des affaires intérieures", "Les mandats sont les suivants :", "a) Le Centre : Assurer la liaison avec les administrations compétentes et promouvoir l'application de mesures de nature à améliorer la condition des femmes, et notamment incorporer dans la politique nationale les décisions adoptées à la Conférence mondiale chargée d'examiner et d'évaluer les résultats de la Décennie des Nations Unies pour la femme, qui s'est tenue à Nairobi, ainsi que les mesures à prendre pour appliquer la Convention sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l'égard des femmes.", "b) Les Conseillers spéciaux : Participer au suivi de l'application des mesures qui concernent les femmes, à l'observation de l'évolution de la condition féminine et, au besoin, aux mesures initiées par le Centre.", "c) Le Conseil consultatif : Recueillir et présenter des opinions en vue de la planification et de la promotion de mesures pour les femmes.", "d) Renforcement du Centre : En juillet 1993, le Centre a décidé de renforcer ses structures pour promouvoir une participation active et commune des hommes et des femmes à la société afin de manifester la direction des mesures à prendre par le Gouvernement, dont le détail est donné dans la Troisième partie, sous la rubrique 2, Article 3.", "3. Le nouveau Plan d'action national à l'horizon 2000", "(Première Révision)", "Le premier Plan à moyen terme pour l'application des mesures concrètes du Plan d'action national à l'horizon 2000 (formulé en 1987) étant venu à expiration en 1990, et comme les recommandations tendant à améliorer le rythme d'application des stratégies prospectives d'action de Nairobi pour la promotion de la femme ont été adoptées par l'Assemblée générale des Nations Unies, le Centre a, pour la première fois, en mai 1991, révisé le nouveau Plan d'action.", "L'objectif général du Plan révisé est « la création d'une société à participation active et commune des hommes et des femmes ». Le Plan révisé s'articule autour des cinq objectifs fondamentaux suivants, sous chacun desquels seize objectifs prioritaires sont définis :", "a)Donner davantage conscience aux gens de l'égalité des sexes.", "b)Faire qu'hommes et femmes participent activement ensemble et sur un pied d'égalité à la vie de la société.", "c)Améliorer les conditions de nature à permettre aux femmes des choix plus larges dans la vie.", "d)Assurer la protection sociale des femmes âgées.", "e)Promouvoir la coopération et la contribution internationales à la paix.", "Conformément au Plan révisé, la promotion des mesures de base devra se faire d'ici l'an 2000, et celle des mesures concrètes d'ici 1995.", "Les principaux points révisés sont les suivants :", "a)Porter à 15 %, pour 1995 environ, le pourcentage des femmes dans les conseils et comités consultatifs nationaux; la date cible a été avancée de cinq ans par rapport au plan initial.", "b)Revoir les dispositions juridiques du Code civil relatives au mariage et au divorce, notamment celles qui imposent aux couples mariés l'utilisation du même patronyme.", "c)Promouvoir le rôle des femmes dans le développement.", "d)Etablir un comité pour le renforcement des structures du Centre.", "4. Principales mesures prises par le Gouvernement,", "y compris dispositions juridiques", "Depuis la présentation du deuxième rapport périodique jusqu'à septembre 1993, sont entrées en application les mesures, d'ordre juridique et autres, ci-après, dont certaines seront reprises plus en détail dans la Troisième partie.", "a)Obligation faite aux garçons et aux filles du primaire et du secondaire de suivre des cours d'enseignement ménager", "Le même programme d'enseignement ménager pour garçons et filles va être introduit dans les écoles secondaires, après l'avoir été dans le primaire et le premier cycle du secondaire. Ainsi, à partir de 1994, l'enseignement ménager sera devenu obligatoire pour garçons et filles dans toutes les écoles primaires et secondaires.", "b)Entrée en application de la législation relative au congé parental", "La législation relative au congé parental pour employés des deux sexes, tant du secteur public que du privé, est entrée en vigueur le 1er avril 1992.", "c)Promulgation de la législation tendant à améliorer la gestion des employés à temps partiel", "La loi portant amélioration de la gestion des employés à temps partiel, qui vise à assurer à ceux-ci des conditions de travail appropriées, a été promulguée en juin 1993.", "d)Modification de la loi sur les normes du travail", "Le projet de loi tendant à ramener à 40 heures par semaine la durée légale du travail est devenu loi en juin 1993.", "e)Formulation du Deuxième plan d'orientation concernant la protection sociale des femmes qui travaillent", "Le Deuxième plan d'orientation concernant la protection sociale des travailleuses a été formulé sur la base du principe de l'égalité devant l'emploi et publié en avril 1992.", "f)Formulation de directives pour le congé familial", "Comme les soins à donner à des membres de leur famille sont devenus un problème sérieux pour ceux qui travaillent, le Ministère du travail a fait paraître, en juillet 1992, des directives concernant le congé familial en vue d'encourager les employeurs à améliorer leurs régimes de protection sociale, notamment en ce qui concerne le congé familial.", "g)Promulgation de la loi concernant l'amélioration de la gestion du personnel de santé", "Afin de réaliser une amélioration générale et systématique de la protection sociale des agents de santé, la loi concernant l'amélioration de la gestion du personnel de santé, promulguée en mai 1992, est entrée en vigueur en juillet de la même année.", "h)Modification de la loi sur les allocations familiales", "En raison de l'évolution démographique récente et des changements intervenus dans l'environnement de l'enfant et de la famille, la loi sur les allocations familiales a été modifiée; elle est entrée en vigueur en janvier 1992, en vue de renforcer les aides sociales aux générations montantes et aux familles avec enfants.", "i)Promulgation de la loi portant promotion du personnel infirmier", "Afin de doter les services sanitaires et médicaux du personnel infirmier et autre dont ils ont besoin, la loi portant promotion du personnel infirmier a été promulguée en juin 1992, et cette loi est entrée en vigueur en novembre 1992.", "j)Modification du décret d'application de la loi portant subvention du Fonds pour l'amélioration de la pêche côtière", "Une ordonnance ministérielle portant modification d'une partie du décret d'application de la loi a été promulguée en septembre 1992. Il s'agit de réaménager le Fonds pour personnes âgées à partir du Fonds pour l'amélioration des conditions de vie des pêcheurs que les administrations préfectorales prêtent en vertu de la Loi au Fonds pour les femmes aussi bien que pour les personnes âgées, ainsi que de renforcer le Fonds.", "k)Rapport intérimaire sur les dispositions du Code civil relatives au mariage et au divorce", "Le « Rapport intérimaire sur la problématique des dispositions du Code civil relatives au mariage et au divorce » a été publié en décembre 1992 en vue de recueillir l'avis de divers milieux.", "5. Relations publiques, activités de sensibilisation", "et diffusion de l'information", "a)Désignation de jours, semaines et mois pour la promotion de la femme", "Afin d'améliorer la condition des femmes et de réaliser l'égalité de facto entre hommes et femmes, le Gouvernement japonais a décidé que certains jours, semaines et mois seraient consacrés à l'information du public sur l'action gouvernementale et ses objectifs, ainsi que sur la nécessité d'en finir avec les stéréotypes sexuels. A cette occasion, diverses activités de sensibilisation conférences nationales, colloques et ouverture de services-conseils sont organisées sur l'ensemble du pays. En voici les principaux :", "Jours, semaines ou", "mois désignés", "Date", "", "Ministères et départements", "organisateurs", "Journée des femmes des villages de pêcheurs", "10 mars", "Ministère de l'agriculture, des forêts et de la pêche", "Semaine de la femme", "10 - 16 avril", "Ministère du travail", "Semaine des soins infirmiers", "Une semaine comprenant le 12 mai (Journée des soins infirmiers)", "Ministère de la santé et de la protection sociale", "Mois de l'égalité des chances dans l'emploi", "Juin", "Ministère du travail", "Semaine des personnes âgées", "", "15 - 21 septembre", "", "Agence de gestion et de coordination", "Ministère de la santé et de la protection sociale, etc.", "Mois de l'harmonisation du travail et des soins aux enfants", "Octobre", "Ministère du travail", "Décade des travailleurs à temps partiel", "1 - 10 novembre", "Ministère du travail", "Semaine des droits de l'homme", "4 - 10 décembre", "Ministère de la justice", "Campagne pour l'amélioration de la moralité publique", "Deux semaines comprenant le 24 mai (Anniversaire de la promulgation de la Loi contre la prostitution)", "Cabinet du Premier Ministre, Département de la police nationale, Ministère de la justice, Ministère de l'éducation, Ministère de la santé et de la protection sociale, et Ministère du travail", "b)Publication de livres blancs", "Le Cabinet du Premier Ministre a fait paraître, en décembre 1992, le deuxième rapport sur l'application du nouveau Plan d'action national (Première Révision) pour une société à participation active et commune des hommes et des femmes. Le troisième rapport paraîtra en 1993. Le Ministère du travail fait paraître également chaque année « La situation des travailleuses ». Par ailleurs, certains ministères informent le grand public de la politique gouvernementale et de ses objectifs par la publication de divers livres blancs, comme le Livre blanc sur l'éducation, le Rapport annuel sur la santé et la protection sociale, le Rapport annuel sur la vie nationale, le Livre blanc sur la criminalité, le Livre blanc sur la jeunesse et le Livre blanc sur le travail.", "c) Relations publiques et sensibilisation par les médias", "Le Gouvernement japonais mène diverses activités d'information par les médias journaux, revues, télévision et radio en vue d'améliorer la condition de la femme et de créer une société à participation active et commune des hommes et des femmes.", "d)Diffusion d'informations par VINET", "En juillet 1991, le Centre d'information du Centre national d'éducation féminine a lancé VINET, système informatique de recherche de l'information sur les femmes et la famille. Le Centre a mis sur pied, jusqu'ici, quatre bases de données bibliographiques (livres, publications d'administrations locales, articles de périodiques japonais et articles de journaux japonais) et trois bases de données sur les possibilités d'instruction (programmes d'éducation pour employées des administrations locales, centres et organisations de femmes et programmes d'études sur la problématique de la femme). Au 30 juin 1993, le Centre fournissait des informations à 174 institutions centres d'éducation communautaire, bureaux préfectoraux de l'éducation et bureaux des gouverneurs, instituts de recherche, y compris universités, ainsi que centres et équipements créés à l'intention des femmes dans l'ensemble du pays.", "Le Centre s'emploie aussi à mettre en place, par la création, la distribution et l'échange de divers matériels d'information, un réseau d'organisations et services, groupes et individus, étrangers et nationaux intéressés.", "e) Autres activités", "Activités du Conseil consultatif au Président du Centre", "Outre la présentation d'opinions lors de la formulation du Plan d'action national, par exemple , le Conseil consultatif au Président du Centre fonctionne par l'intermédiaire de trois comités : le Comité de l'information, le Comité des ONG et des collectivités locales et le Comité de la recherche et de l'étude. Une fois par mois environ, le Comité de l'information organise des conférences pour membres de la Diète, personnalités gouvernementales, grandes organisations de femmes, journalistes, etc., sur des questions et problèmes d'actualité relatifs aux femmes, en faisant appel à des experts du Japon et de l'étranger tels que Sharon Capling-Alakija, qui dirige UNIFEM, et Margaret Shields, qui dirige l'Institut international de recherche et de formation des Nations Unies pour la promotion de la femme (INSTRAW). Par ailleurs, le Comité invite des représentants qui ont assisté aux réunions de la Troisième commission de l'Assemblée générale de l'ONU, du Comité pour l'élimination de la discrimination à l'égard des femmes et de la Commission de la condition de la femme à faire des conférences sur ces réunions à la fin du mois de mars.", "Le Comité des ONG et des administrations locales a, en juillet 1992, réalisé une enquête sur le travail des administrations locales à l'égard des femmes, enquête qui faisait suite à celle de février 1990. Les résultats en ont été publiés en septembre 1993.", "Conférences et réunions organisées par le Centre", "Depuis 1979, le Centre organise chaque année, sur des problèmes qui concernent les femmes, un forum régional ouvert au public en vue de faire connaître et de promouvoir le nouveau Plan d'action national (Première Révision), pour l'avènement d'une société à participation active et commune des hommes et des femmes. Il a également convoqué une Conférence nationale plusieurs fois depuis la tenue de la première conférence en 1980, et il le fait chaque année depuis 1990. En outre, le Centre convoque annuellement, depuis 1977, une réunion des directeurs de division de la condition féminine des administrations locales et, depuis 1987, des réunions régionales de ces directeurs dans plusieurs quartiers aux fins de liaison avec les administrations locales.", "f) Activités des collectivités locales", "Les collectivités locales s'emploient aussi à promouvoir des mesures concernant les femmes. Au 30 septembre 1993, les 47 préfectures et 12 cités désignées avaient toutes des divisions/services de planification, de liaison et de coordination des questions relatives aux femmes, et elles avaient formulé des plans d'action pour la promotion de la femme et créé des organismes consultatifs pour faire état des opinions publiques. Elles prennent aussi des mesures en rapport avec ces plans d'action création de centres et autres institutions à l'intention des femmes (dans 40 administrations locales, au 30 avril 1993, y compris ceux qui sont en construction), promotion de la participation des femmes à la planification des décisions, sensibilisation et activités d'information. Il y a, toutefois, des différences considérables entre administrations locales à cet égard.", "TROISIEME PARTIE", "1. Article 2", "Les faits nouveaux concernant l'application de la Loi sur l'égalité des chances dans l'emploi seront signalés à propos de l'Article 11. En ce qui concerne la présente disposition, les sections qui suivent donnent des informations sur les femmes et la violence, sur les femmes victimes d'actes délictueux, ainsi que sur la prévention et la répression de la violence contre les femmes.", "a) Actes délictueux commis contre des femmes", "Le Tableau 38 de l'annexe indique le nombre de cas avérés d'actes délictueux dont la police a eu connaissance par les plaintes portées par les femmes qui en ont été victimes. En 1972, sur 1.182.960 actes délictueux, 251.859 (21,3 pour cent) avaient eu pour victimes des femmes. Le nombre et le pourcentage de ces cas ont augmenté au cours des 20 dernières années, pour atteindre 511.551 cas (32,5 pour cent), sur les 1.575.659 cas enregistrés en 1992, soit une augmentation de plus de 10 points de pourcentage. Par chef d'accusation, les vols représentaient la majorité, avec quasi-doublement du nombre de cas. Par contre, les cas de viols ont considérablement diminué : de 4.677 en 1972 à 1.504 en 1992. Il y a lieu de penser, toutefois, que tous les cas de violence contre des femmes, et notamment de violence domestique, ne sont pas signalés.", "b)Prévention et répression de la violence contre les femmes : peines prévues par le Code pénal", "Afin de prévenir les viols et autres formes de violence contre les femmes, les dispositions pénales ci-après sont prévues et rigoureusement appliquées :", "Article 176 (Attentat aux moeurs, par violence ou intimidation, sur la personne de femmes âgées de 13 ans ou plus. Peine de prison avec travaux forcés de six mois à sept ans);", "Article 176, dernière phrase (Attentat aux moeurs sur la personne de femmes de moins de 13 ans. Peine de prison avec travaux forcés de six mois à sept ans);", "Article 177 (Relations sexuelles avec des femmes de 13 ans ou plus par violence ou menace. Peine de prison avec travaux forcés pour une durée d'au moins deux ans);", "Article 177, dernière phrase (Relations sexuelles avec des femmes de moins de 13 ans. Peine de prison avec travaux forcés pour une durée d'au moins deux ans).", "Illégalité de la prostitution : Comme il est dit dans le rapport initial, la prostitution est illégale au Japon. Une campagne d'épuration de la moralité publique est organisée dans chaque préfecture sous les auspices des ministères compétents en vue de sensibiliser le public à la nécessité de prévenir la prostitution et les maladies vénériennes. La campagne dure environ deux semaines, qui comprennent toujours le 24 mai, anniversaire de la promulgation de la Loi contre la prostitution.", "Les informations relatives aux délits correspondants sont fournies à propos de l'Article 6.", "2. Article 3", "En ce qui concerne l'Article 3, les sections ci-après renseignent sur le renforcement des structures du mécanisme national.", "a) Renforcement du mécanisme national", "i)Présentation et examen d'un rapport par le Comité pour le renforcement des structures du mécanisme national", "En août 1991, il a été décidé d'établir un comité d'experts en vue de renforcer le Centre pour la planification et la promotion des politiques concernant les femmes sur la base du nouveau Plan d'action national à l'horizon 2000 (Première Révision). Le Comité a organisé des auditions pour recueillir l'avis des ministères du Centre, des recherches sur les mécanismes nationaux mis en place dans d'autres pays développés, organisant à cet effet l'envoi de missions d'étude, ainsi que des auditions d'administrations locales sur leurs activités. Cela fait, le Comité a, en mai 1993, soumis un rapport au Président du Centre sur le fonctionnement futur de celui-ci.", "Le rapport disait qu'il doit promouvoir l'adoption de mesures générales et coordonnées pour permettre aux femmes de vivre pleinement, préparant ainsi l'avènement d'une société à participation active et commune des hommes et des femmes. A cette fin, le rapport demandait de revoir les structures du Centre pour promouvoir ces mesures et faire état de l'opinion publique au moyen d'un organe consultatif.", "ii)Décision du Centre sur le renforcement du mécanisme dans le sens indiqué par le rapport susmentionné", "En mai 1993, le Centre a décidé de prendre des mesures dans le sens des opinions contenues dans le rapport et, en juillet, il décidait de renforcer le mécanisme national afin de promouvoir des mesures pour la réalisation d'une société à participation active et commune des hommes et des femmes, et d'indiquer la direction des mesures que le Gouvernement entend prendre.", "La décision comprend le renforcement du mécanisme (restructuration du Centre, création d'un organisme consultatif pour faire état des opinions publiques et renforcer le secrétariat) et demande aux administrations locales d'agir davantage en faveur des femmes.", "b) Mesures d'aide aux femmes atteintes d'invalidités", "En mars 1993, le Gouvernement a, dans le sillage de la Décennie des Nations Unies pour les handicapés, formulé le nouveau Programme à long terme de mesures pour les handicapés. Il s'emploie à promouvoir l'adoption d'un ensemble de mesures dans le sens du Programme pour handicapés, hommes ou femmes, afin de réaliser une société dont chaque individu soit un membre actif.", "Ces mesures comprennent les aides à domicile et autres services apparentés, les services de réadaptation et de formation, la fourniture de prothèses, telles que membres artificiels et chaises roulantes, et celle de matériel pour usage quotidien comme des machines à écrire en braille et des lits spéciaux, conformément à la Loi pour la protection des handicapés physiques, à la Loi pour la protection des retardés mentaux et à la Loi sur la santé mentale. En outre, conformément à la Loi sur la promotion de l'emploi des handicapés, des mesures sont envisagées pour renforcer et assurer l'emploi des personnes handicapées par la stricte application du système de ratio d'emploi et la promotion de la réadaptation professionnelle. S'y ajoutent des mesures visant à assurer un revenu ainsi qu'une déduction spéciale d'impôt. D'autres mesures sont également prévues, et notamment la suppression des obstacles dans des endroits publics tels que bâtiments, routes et terminaux de trafic, et la mise en place d'installations telles que escaliers mécaniques, ascenseurs et toilettes pour handicapés.", "3. Article 4.1", "a)Fixation d'un pourcentage de femmes à atteindre dans les organismes consultatifs nationaux", "Comme il est dit dans le deuxième rapport, en révisant le nouveau Plan d'action national, le Centre a avancé de cinq ans, pour la ramener aux alentours de 1995, la date cible pour réaliser un pourcentage de 15 % de femmes dans les organismes consultatifs nationaux et il poursuit ses efforts dans ce sens.", "b)Demande de coopération à la promotion des femmes dans les organismes consultatifs aux administrations locales", "En fixant la nouvelle date cible comme on l'indique plus haut, le Centre a, en juillet 1991, adressé une demande de coopération aux responsables des administrations préfectorales et des cités désignées afin de fixer un nouvel objectif pour la promotion des femmes dans leurs organismes consultatifs. Au 31 mars 1993, les chiffres et dates cibles de ces administrations locales étaient les suivants :", "Objectif", "", "Nombre d'adminis-", "trations locales (%)", "Date cible", "1993-95", "", "", "", "1996-2000", "2001-", "Pas fixé", "30 % & au-dessus", "11(18,7)", "3", "", "", "", "6", "2", "20 à 25 %", "30(50,8)", "11", "", "", "", "15", "2", "2", "15 %", "12(20,3)", "4", "", "", "", "8", "12 %", "1( 1,7)", "1", "Total", "54(91,5)", "19", "", "", "", "29", "4", "2", "Pas fixé", "5( 8,5)", "Total général", "59(100)", "* Quarante-sept préfectures et douze cités désignées (SOURCE : Cabinet du Premier Ministre)", "c)Promotion de l'aide à la réinsertion professionnelle des femmes", "Comme beaucoup de femmes cessent de travailler pour avoir des enfants et pouvoir les élever, et qu'elles souhaitent recommencer à travailler par la suite, des mesures spéciales sont envisagées pour aider ces femmes : promotion du réemploi des femmes par les entreprises, services de préparation à la réinsertion professionnelle et aide à l'obtention d'un emploi dans des secteurs voisins.", "4. Article 5 a)", "a) Demande de compréhension et de coopération aux médias", "Dans le cadre de sa campagne de sensibilisation des gens à l'égalité des sexes, le nouveau Plan d'action national (Première Révision) a inscrit, au nombre des objectifs fondamentaux à atteindre d'ici l'an 2000, celui de demander aux médias compréhension et esprit de coopération pour qu'ils présentent, dans leurs publications, publicités et émissions télévisées, des images illustrant l'égalité des sexes. Une des mesures concrètes à appliquer entre 1991 et 1995 est d'encourager les médias à s'efforcer d'illustrer l'égalité des sexes par leurs images.", "En mai 1991, lors de la première révision du Plan, le Cabinet du Premier Ministre a informé le monde des médias sur l'objectif et le contenu de ce plan.", "Le Ministère de l'éducation, celui du travail et d'autres encore aussi bien que le Cabinet du Premier Ministre organisent aussi, de temps à autre, des séances d'information à l'intention des journalistes et rédacteurs qui suivent l'évolution de la question féminine.", "En août 1991, le Secrétaire adjoint au Cabinet a adressé aux directeurs d'organismes de radio et de télévision, de journaux et de publications, une demande de coopération à propos du Plan révisé. Ce même type de réunion d'information et de demande de coopération a été fait au niveau des secrétariats à l'intention des personnes concernées.", "b) Activités de sensibilisation, y compris Semaine de la femme", "Durant la semaine de la femme, comme on l'a dit dans les deux précédents rapports, le Ministre du travail organise, depuis 1991, sur le thème « Faisons de notre époque un temps où vivre intensément san distinction de sexe », une campagne nationale avec le concours des autorités locales, des organisations de femmes, des syndicats, des associations d'employeurs et des médias pour mettre fin aux concepts stéréotypés sur le rôle des sexes et créer une société où chacun puisse vivre sa vie.", "Depuis 1993, les recettes de la taxe locale de subvention peuvent être utilisées par les administrations préfectorales aux fins de sensibilisation dans divers domaines, et notamment pour l'organisation d'activités d'information sur la Loi concernant l'égalité des chances dans l'emploi et des activités visant à corriger les conceptions stéréotypées des rôles.", "c) Activités de relations publiques du Gouvernement", "Dans l'exercice de ses activités d'information, le Gouvernement prend soin d'éviter de renforcer les concepts stéréotypés concernant les rôles des hommes et des femmes, ce qu'il fait au moyen d'affiches montrant la participation active des femmes dans divers domaines. Il s'efforce aussi de suivre les objectifs du nouveau Plan d'action national (Première Révision) dans la production d'affiches et de matériels d'information.", "d) Autres activités", "Depuis 1992, la Fondation des femmes de Tokyo organise chaque année un concours de spots publicitaires purs de tous stéréotypes sexuels et prime les publicités de la télévision, des affiches ou des journaux et revues dont les habitants de Tokyo pensent qu'elles présentent favorablement les problèmes que connaissent les femmes.", "En mars 1993, la Préfecture d'Osaka a revu les textes et images de ses publications qui faisaient apparaître des concepts stéréotypés sur le rôle des sexes et réalisé, pour l'avènement d'une société de participation active et commune des hommes et des femmes, une brochure indiquant comment projeter des images positives d'une telle société.", "5) Article 5 b)", "Selon l'enquête sur la vie sociale réalisée par l'Agence de gestion et de coordination en 1991, les femmes consacrent trois heures cinquante-deux minutes par jour aux travaux du ménage et aux soins aux enfants, et les hommes vingt-quatre minutes seulement. Dans les familles à deux revenus, les femmes y consacrent quatre heures dix-sept minutes et les maris dix-neuf minutes, ce qui montre que ce sont principalement les femmes qui s'occupent du ménage et des enfants. En plus des mesures qui ont déjà été prises, le Gouvernement a, en 1991, pris les mesures suivantes afin de faire reconnaître davantage la maternité comme fonction sociale et d'inciter hommes et femmes à assumer conjointement le soin d'élever les enfants.", "a) Promotion de la participation des pères à l'éducation familiale", "En 1991 et 1992, le Ministère de l'éducation a commandé pour les collectivités locales une étude sur les possibilités qui s'offrent aux pères de se former à l'éducation familiale en vue de renforcer leur participation dans ce domaine.", "En outre, depuis 1991, le Ministère favorise l'organisation, dans des centres sociaux, écoles maternelles et pièces inutilisées d'écoles élémentaires, de forums sur la fonction parentale animés par des parents expérimentés en la matière et par ceux qui ont suivi des cours d'éducation familiale pour constituer des réseaux d'éducation familiale en vue de revitaliser le rôle éducatif de la famille et de la société, et de favoriser les échanges d'informations et de données d'expérience sur l'éducation familiale et la constitution de réseaux de quartier.", "b)Programmes de soutien communautaire aux soins donnés aux enfants dans les crèches", "Comme il faut que la société aide davantage les familles à élever leurs enfants, des projets modèles ont été lancés en 1993 afin de conseiller et d'orienter les parents, et pour aider à la création d'associations locales de soins aux enfants en vue de favoriser, par leurs activités de soins, la fourniture de soins aux enfants dans la famille.", "6. Article 6", "Sur cet article, les précédents rapports ont fourni des indications concernant la Loi contre la prostitution et autres dispositions juridiques, les arrestations pour délits de prostitution, la lutte contre la prostitution et les campagnes d'information sur le respect de la personne humaine afin de prévenir la prostitution. Celui-ci indique le nombre total d'affaires instruites et le nombre de ces affaires par disposition, ainsi que les mesures de protection et de réadaptation prises pour les femmes qui en ont besoin et dont les précédents rapports ne disaient rien.", "a) Affaires instruites concernant des délits liés à la prostitution", "Les changements intervenus dans le nombre d'affaires instruites concernant des délits liés à la prostitution sont indiqués, par disposition applicable, au Tableau 40 de l'Annexe.", "En 1992, sur 6.516 de ces cas, les infractions à la Loi contre la prostitution s'élevaient à 6.315, soit plus de 96 % du total. Les principaux délits étaient le racolage (Article 5; 477 cas), le proxénétisme (Article 6; 3.285 cas), l'incitation contractuelle à la prostitution (Article 10; 2.311 cas) et le proxénétisme hôtelier (Article 11; 143 cas). S'y ajoutent 122 cas ressortissant à la Loi sur la protection de l'enfant, 23 à la Loi sur la sécurité de l'emploi et 16 au Code pénal.", "b) Protection et réinsertion sociale des femmes qui en ont besoin", "i. Services-conseils pour femmes", "Des services-conseils pour femmes sont créés dans chaque préfecture en vertu de l'Article 34 de la Loi contre la prostitution. Clés de la protection et de la réinsertion, ces services sont là pour conseiller et orienter, réaliser des enquêtes et fournir des avis, ainsi que pour offrir une protection temporaire aux femmes dont on craint que leur conduite et leur milieu ne les conduisent à se prostituer.", "ii. Consultants pour femmes", "Les consultants pour femmes sont des employés à temps partiel des administrations locales. L'Article 35 de la Loi contre la prostitution fait obligation aux administrations préfectorales, mais non aux administrations municipales, d'en engager. Leur tâche est de découvrir les femmes qui ont besoin de protection, de les conseiller sur leurs problèmes concernant leur vie, leur travail, leur santé, l'admission éventuelle dans une institution de protection de la femme (comme on l'explique plus bas), leurs familles et leur milieu en général ainsi que de les orienter et de recommander éventuellement leur admission dans les institutions appropriées.", "iii. Institutions de protection de la femme", "Les institutions de protection de la femme accueillent celles dont le Chef des services consultatifs des femmes estime qu'elles ont besoin de protection et s'emploient à les préparer en vue de leur réinsertion sociale et professionnelle. Ces institutions entretiennent également d'étroits contacts et des liens de coopération avec d'autres organisations apparentées en organisant des réunions avec des centres d'orientation, des bureaux de protection sociale et des agences publiques pour l'emploi afin de faciliter la réinsertion sociale et professionnelle des femmes sous leur protection.", "L'Article 36 de la Loi contre la prostitution stipule que les administrations préfectorales ainsi que les administrations municipales et autres organisations, y compris les agents de protection sociale dûment habilités, peuvent créer des institutions de ce type. En avril 1965, afin d'accueillir les femmes qui ne s'intègrent pas facilement dans des établissements ordinaires, a été créé le Village de femmes de Kanita (établissement d'hébergement à long terme). Au 1er octobre 1991, on comptait 53 institutions de protection de la femme d'une capacité d'accueil de 1.742 personnes, dont 754 femmes sous protection et un personnel de 559 membres.", "7. Article 7 a)", "a) Augmentation du nombre de femmes membres de la Diète et intronisation", "de la première Présidente de la Chambre des Représentants", "Après la présentation du deuxième rapport, des élections à la Chambre des Conseillers ont eu lieu en juillet 1992 et à la Chambre des Représentants en juillet 1993. A la suite de ces élections, le nombre de femmes membres de la Chambre des Conseillers est passé de 34 à 37 et celui de la Chambre des Représentants de 12 à 14. Au 31 juillet 1993, il y avait, y compris les détentrices de siège par remplacement, 14 femmes dans la Chambre des Représentants et 38 dans celle des Conseillers, soit un total de 52 femmes membres de la Diète. C'est la première fois que le nombre de femmes membres de la Diète dépasse 50. Les femmes représentent 6,8 % (6,1 % en mars 1992; 6,5 % en juillet 1992) des 763 sièges de la Diète.", "De plus, le 6 août 1993, pour la première fois dans l'histoire du Japon, une femme a été élue soixante-huitième Président de la Chambre des Représentants.", "b) Nomination de femmes à des postes ministériels", "En décembre 1992, le Premier Ministre, M. Miyazawa, a remanié son Cabinet et nommé une femme au poste de ministre de l'éducation et une autre à celui de vice-ministre (Vice-Ministre parlementaire du travail).", "En août 1993, le Premier Ministre, M. Hosokawa, a nommé trois femmes à des postes ministériels (Ministre de l'éducation, Directeur-général du Département de la planification économique et Directeur-général du Département de l'environnement), ce qui représente un record historique, et deux femmes comme vices-ministres (Vice-Ministre parlementaire de la gestion et de la coordination et Vice-Ministre parlementaire de la science et de la technique).", "c) Les femmes dans les organismes consultatifs nationaux", "Fin mars 1993, la proportion de femmes dans les organismes consultatifs nationaux a, pour la première fois, avec 10,4 %, dépassé les 10 %. Il y a en général trois catégories de membres dans ces conseils : les membres désignés pour leurs fonctions officielles, les membres recommandés par des organismes apparentés et les autres membres. Les femmes représentaient 2,7 % des membres désignés pour leurs fonctions, 4,8 % des membres recommandés par des organismes apparentés et 12,8 % des autres membres. La faible proportion des femmes dans la première catégorie est la conséquence du petit nombre de femmes à exercer de hautes fonctions publiques et est donc liée au recrutement et à la promotion des femmes dans la fonction publique. Comme la proportion des femmes parmi les membres recommandés par des organismes apparentés est également faible, le Premier Secrétaire du Cabinet a demandé à quelque 300 organisations d'envisager de recommander davantage de candidates. En juillet 1993, le Premier Ministre de la condition féminine a lancé un appel à la coopération tendant à recommander davantage de candidatures de femmes aux conseils consultatifs et à favoriser la promotion des femmes dans leurs propres services.", "d)Proportion des femmes dans les assemblées locales, la haute administration et les organismes consultatifs des collectivités locales", "i. Les femmes dans les assemblées locales", "Le nombre de femmes dans les assemblées locales est en légère augmentation. Au 31 décembre 1992, on en comptait 2.158 sur 65.360 membres, soit 3,3 % de tous les membres des assemblées préfectorales et municipales (3,2 % en décembre 1991).", "ii. Les femmes comme chefs des administrations locales", "Au 31 décembre 1992, il y avait 3.259 municipalités. Depuis la première fois qu'une femme a été élue maire, en 1955, il n'y a jamais eu plus de trois femmes maires à la fois. En 1991 et en 1992, une femme a été élue maire d'une grande ville. Au 1er juillet 1993, deux femmes étaient maires d'une grande ville et une d'une petite ville. Il n'y a pas de femmes à la tête des 47 préfectures et des 12 cités désignées.", "iii.Les femmes comme adjointes aux chefs des administrations préfectorales et aux maires des cités désignées", "Au nombre des vice-gouverneurs et adjoints aux maires nommés par les chefs des administrations locales dans les 47 préfectures et les 12 cités désignées, on comptait, en 1991, deux femmes vice-gouverneurs (dont une Vice-Gouverneur de Tokyo) et, pour la première fois, une femme adjointe au maire. L'année suivante, la troisième femme vice-gouverneur est entrée en fonctions. Fin février 1993, il y avait trois femmes vice-gouverneurs et une femme adjoint au maire.", "iv.Les femmes dans les organismes consultatifs des collectivités locales", "Les préfectures et les cités désignées s'efforcent également d'accroître la représentation des femmes dans leurs conseils consultatifs. En 1992, la proportion était de 9,6 %.", "8. Article 7 b)", "Depuis le dernier rapport, les domaines où les femmes peuvent servir dans les forces d'autodéfense et dans la police se sont élargis.", "a)Elargissement des domaines où les femmes peuvent servir dans les forces d'autodéfense (en uniforme)", "Le Ministère de la défense maintient sa politique de non-déploiement de personnel féminin de forces d'autodéfense dans les zones de combat, dans les zones de soutien à une force de combat opérant sur la ligne de front et là où une force physique exceptionnelle est nécessaire. Toutefois, compte tenu des progrès récents que l'application de la Loi sur l'égalité devant l'emploi a fait faire aux femmes ainsi que des exemples de ce que font des femmes dans des pays étrangers et d'autres facteurs encore, le Ministère de la défense a revu sa politique concernant le déploiement de personnel féminin de forces d'autodéfense afin d'élargir les domaines où elles peuvent servir et d'utiliser leur potentiel.", "En conséquence, sont ouverts au personnel féminin tous les postes des forces d'autodéfense terrestre, maritime et aérienne, à l'exception de ceux où le souci de protéger la maternité et d'autres raisons imposent de maintenir la décision d'interdire les déploiements de personnel féminin de forces d'autodéfense. En particulier, les femmes sont admises comme élèves dans les forces d'autodéfense maritime et aérienne, et autorisées, depuis 1993, à se présenter aux examens d'élèves-aviateurs.", "b)Recrutement actif d'agents de police femmes et élargissement de leurs attributions", "L'administration de la police s'emploie à promouvoir le recrutement de femmes comme agents de police et à élargir le champ de leurs activités en raison du caractère de plus en plus compliqué et diversifié des affaires de police et afin d'utiliser les facultés des femmes. Le nombre des préfectures qui ont commencé à engager des femmes comme agents de police augmente rapidement. Quatre ont commencé en 1991 et dix en 1992. Au 1er avril 1993, il y avait environ 5.400 agents de police femmes dans 45 préfectures (600 de plus que l'année précédente). Deux autres préfectures devraient commencer à engager des femmes à partir de 1993 et, à partir de 1994, toutes devraient avoir des femmes dans leurs forces de police. Le champ de leurs activités s'étend également enquêtes criminelles, relevés d'identité, analyse des informations, escorte et garde de hautes personnalités, sécurité et contrôle de la circulation, orientation des jeunes, détention des suspects femmes et relations publiques. La promotion de femmes à des postes de direction est également en cours : en mars 1990, une femme a, pour la première fois, été promue chef de la police.", "9. Article 8", "a) Participation des femmes aux conférences internationales", "Le nombre de femmes faisant partie des délégations officielles aux conférences internationales ne cesse d'augmenter. Depuis 1975, des femmes ont participé, comme représentantes ou comme suppléantes, aux conférences internationales ci-après.", "Assemblée générale de l'ONU (représentante, suppléante)", "Session extraordinaire de l'Assemblée générale consacrée au désarmement (représentante)", "Conseil économique et social (suppléante)", "Commission économique et sociale pour l'Asie et le Pacifique (CESAP) (chef de délégation, suppléante)", "Conférence sur le droit de la mer (suppléante)", "Commission des Nations Unies sur les sociétés transnationales (représentante)", "Commission des Nations Unies sur la condition de la femme (représentante, suppléante)", "Conférence des Nations Unies chargée d'élaborer un code international de conduite pour le transport de technologies (suppléante)", "Assemblée mondiale sur le vieillissement (représentante)", "Conférence internationale sur la population (suppléante)", "Conférence mondiale sur les femmes (chef de délégation, représentante, suppléante)", "Conférence générale de l'Organisation internationale du travail (représentante, suppléante, consultante)", "Conférence générale de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture (UNESCO) (représentante, consultante)", "Congrès postal universel (suppléante)", "Conseil d'administration du Fonds des Nations Unies pour l'enfance (représentante)", "Session extraordinaire de l'Assemblée générale sur l'économie (suppléante)", "Conférence sur la justice internationale (représentante)", "Commission des Nations Unies sur les établissements humains (représentante)", "Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement (représentante)", "En outre, une femme a participé en qualité de représentante et deux femmes en qualité de consultantes à la Conférence mondiale de juin 1993 sur les droits de l'homme.", "b)Présence des femmes dans les organisations internationales", "i. Organisations internationales", "La proportion des femmes dans le personnel japonais du Secrétariat des Nations Unies a fait un bond : de 12 % fin juin 1978, elle atteignait 47 % fin juin 1993.", "Le nombre de Japonaises dans la catégorie des administrateurs des grandes organisations internationales, notamment à l'ONU, a augmenté de manière considérable, passant de 19 en 1975 à plus de 170 en 1992. A la fin de 1992, plusieurs Japonaises occupaient des postes de haute responsabilité : Haut Commissionnaire des Nations Unies aux réfugiés, Directeur du personnel à l'UNESCO, Directeur du Département des opérations de maintien de la paix, Représentant résident du Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement au Bangladesh et Secrétaire exécutif adjoint de la CESAP.", "ii. Femmes ambassadeurs", "Le Japon a eu quatre femmes ambassadeurs, dont une est actuellement en poste au Kenya.", "10. Article 9", "Il ne s'est rien produit de notable depuis le deuxième rapport.", "11. Article 10", "1)Nouveaux projets pour l'égalité des sexes dans le Centre national d'éducation féminine", "Depuis 1991, le Centre national d'éducation féminine organise, pour les dirigeants de diverses organisations, un forum qui réunit des femmes et des hommes en vue de promouvoir la participation commune des hommes et des femmes à la vie du pays et pour échanger des informations et favoriser la recherche et les consultations en vue de promouvoir l'éducation permanente.", "Depuis 1992, le Centre s'efforce, par des études-programmes, de corriger les stéréotypes sexuels chez les jeunes gens et de faire avancer ainsi le principe de l'égalité des sexes. Le Centre organise aussi des séminaires d'éducation familiale sur le thème « L'éducation familiale à l'ère des familles peu nombreuses ».", "Depuis 1993, le Centre s'est attaché deux chercheurs pour renforcer ses fonctions de recherche et d'étude.", "b)Imposition de l'enseignement ménager aux hommes comme aux femmes", "Comme on l'a indiqué dans le deuxième rapport, conformément à l'orientation nouvelle des études (révisée en 1989), le même programme d'enseignement ménager est enseigné aux garçons comme aux filles dans les établissements secondaires du premier cycle (depuis 1993) et il le sera dans les lycées à partir de 1994. Diverses mesures sont prévues pour la bonne mise en route du programme.", "Le texte des manuels va être modifié en conséquence.", "Article 11 a) ~ c)", "a)Application de la Loi sur l'égalité des chances dans l'emploi", "Suite à l'entrée en application de la Loi sur l'égalité des chances dans l'emploi, beaucoup d'entreprises ont amélioré la gestion de leur personnel afin de se conformer aux nouvelles dispositions statutaires. A mesure que s'approfondit la compréhension du but visé par cette loi, la société en vient à découvrir le potentiel des femmes, qui deviennent elles-mêmes plus conscientes de leur travail. Il reste, néanmoins, quelques problèmes : par exemple, on ne recrute, parfois, que des hommes, en particulier pour des postes d'ingénieurs. Comme les améliorations ne se font pas aussi vite dans la pratique que dans la théorie, il reste beaucoup à faire pour assurer une égalité de facto.", "Le Ministère du travail organise en diverses occasions des activités de sensibilisation afin de bien faire comprendre le but visé par la Loi sur l'égalité des chances dans l'emploi et pour assurer l'égalité de traitement entre hommes et femmes. En particulier, durant le Mois de l'égalité devant l'emploi, en juin, le Ministère organise une intense campagne de relations publiques avec conférence nationale.", "Outre les mesures déjà entrées en application, comme les activités d'orientation, d'assistance et de consultation par les bureaux des femmes et des jeunes travailleurs, et la promotion de l'autocontrôle par les entreprises, des mesures visant à assurer l'égalité des chances au départ de l'école ont été prises durant 1993 afin d'assurer la bonne application de la Loi sur l'égalité des chances dans l'emploi. Comme on craint que les contraintes de recrutement ne jouent davantage contre les femmes que contre les hommes, un nombre croissant d'entreprises prenant des mesures d'ajustement de main-d'oeuvre, ce qui peut aller jusqu'au gel du recrutement en raison de la récente récession, le Ministère a établi, dans certains des bureaux des femmes et des jeunes travailleurs, des services de consultation et demandé aux associations d'employeurs de mieux faire comprendre l'objectif de la loi et de faire qu'à l'entrée dans la vie professionnelle, les deux sexes soient à égalité de chances.", "En avril 1993, le Conseil des problèmes des femmes et des jeunes travailleurs a commencé à se demander par quelles mesures mieux faire comprendre le but visé par la loi, allant jusqu'à envisager la possibilité de revoir la législation et les directives. Le Conseil envisage aussi un relâchement des dispositions relatives à la protection des femmes, sauf celles de la loi sur les normes de travail concernant la protection maternelle, afin d'assurer l'égalité de chances et de traitement dans l'emploi, et de faire que le cadre juridique soit le même pour les femmes que pour les hommes.", "b) Principe de l'égalité de salaire pour un travail égal", "L'Article 4 de la Loi sur les normes de travail interdit toute différenciation de salaires fondée uniquement sur le sexe. Le Ministère s'emploie à assurer l'application de cette disposition en contrôlant et en conseillant les établissements.", "c)Proposition de révision du système social pour la pleine utilisation du potentiel professionnel des femmes.", "L'actuel système d'imposition et de sécurité sociale fait que beaucoup de femmes employées à temps partiel limitent leurs heures de travail afin de ne pas dépasser un certain revenu et pouvoir ainsi être considérées comme étant à la charge de leur époux. Dans de tels cas, le potentiel des femmes n'est pas pleinement utilisé. C'est pourquoi, en juillet 1993, le Conseil des femmes et des jeunes travailleurs (qui conseille le Ministre du travail) a soumis au Ministre des finances, au Ministre de la santé et de la production sociale, au Ministre du travail et au Ministre des affaires intérieures une proposition tendant à revoir le système social, et notamment le système d'imposition et de sécurité sociale applicable aux femmes mariées, afin que le potentiel professionnel des femmes puisse être pleinement utilisé et qu'elles en viennent ainsi à constituer une véritable force de travail.", "d)Promulgation et mise en application de la Loi relative au congé parental", "Pour concilier obligations professionnelles et obligations familiales, la Loi relative au congé parental applicable aux employés du secteur privé a été promulguée en mai 1991, et d'autres lois applicables aux divers employés du secteur public l'ont été en décembre 1991, et toutes sont entrées en vigueur en avril 1992. En vertu de ces lois, les parents d'enfants de moins de 1 an, mères ou pères, peuvent prendre un congé parental.", "Afin de promouvoir l'application de la Loi sur le congé parental dans le secteur privé, il est nécessaire de faire connaître le but et le contenu de la loi. Le Ministère du travail organise, durant le « Mois pour l'harmonisation du travail et des soins aux enfants », d'intenses activités de sensibilisation, et il saisit toutes les occasions pour informer sur le but et le contenu de la loi.", "En 1992, le Ministère a créé une « subvention pour la réalisation de programmes tendant à faciliter le retour au travail »; il s'agit d'encourager ainsi les employeurs à prendre les mesures appropriées pour informer et pour maintenir et améliorer la capacité de réinsertion professionnelle des travailleurs du secteur privé qui prennent un congé parental afin de les aider à reprendre sans mal leur travail. Le Ministère s'efforce ainsi de promouvoir le congé parental. En outre, le problème de l'aide financière à ceux qui prennent un congé parental est maintenant à l'étude devant l'instance compétente. L'état de l'application de la Loi sur le congé parental dans le secteur privé fait actuellement l'objet d'une enquête.", "De plus, dans le cadre de l'application de cette loi, des mesures sont prises, depuis mai 1992, pour faciliter l'entrée en cours d'année dans les garderies d'enfants.", "e) Promotion du congé familial", "Il y a un besoin urgent d'aider les travailleurs qui soignent des membres de leurs familles à s'acquitter de leurs responsabilités professionnelles ainsi que familiales. En juillet 1992, le Gouvernement a formulé, pour l'information des employés et des employeurs, des directives au sujet du congé familial pour encourager la pratique du congé familial et l'adoption des mesures correspondantes. En particulier, d'intenses activités de relations publiques, et notamment un colloque sur le travail et la famille, sont organisées autour du 15 septembre, Journée du respect aux personnes âgées.", "f) Des subventions pour la création de crêches d'entreprise", "En 1993, le Ministère du travail a commencé à accorder des subventions aux employeurs qui créent des crêches pour enfants dans leur entreprise et en assurent le fonctionnement ou qui commencent à le faire en louant des locaux à cette fin.", "g) Aider les femmes qui travaillent", "En 1991, le Ministère du travail a demandé à l'Institut japonais pour la promotion des travailleurs de mettre en application le projet d'aide aux travailleuses par des conseils d'ordre parental, familial et ménager afin que celles qui ont des responsabilités familiales puissent faire appel, au besoin, aux services appropriés et pour les aider à continuer à travailler et à se faire réemployer. L'année 1993 a vu s'élargir le champ d'application du projet.", "13. Article 12", "On indique ci-après, sur la planification familiale et les mesures de lutte contre l'infection par VIH, ce qui n'a pas été dit dans les précédents rapports.", "a) Planning familial", "Pouvoirs publics et ONG s'emploient, depuis 1950, à promouvoir la notion de planning familial et, d'après une enquête, plus de 80 % des femmes mariées disent avoir pratiqué le planning familial sous une forme ou une autre.", "b) Mesures de lutte contre le SIDA/VIH", "i.Intégration des mesures dans le Nouveau Plan d'action national (Première Révision)", "Des activités de sensibilisation aux problèmes nouveaux qui affectent la santé des femmes figurent parmi les mesures pratiques de « sensibilisation à l'importance de la maternité et de la dignité du sexe ainsi que de la protection de la maternité » prévues par le nouveau Plan d'action national (Première Révision). Un gros travail d'information et de sensibilisation est fait à l'intention des hommes et des femmes sur des problèmes comme le SIDA, la toxicomanie et l'alcoolisme.", "ii. Mise en application des mesures de lutte contre le SIDA/VIH", "Au Japon, le premier cas de SIDA a été relevé en 1985, et le premier cas de femme atteinte du SIDA en 1987. Le premier cas d'infection par la mère a été signalé en 1990. Actuellement, des cas d'infection par VIH sont signalés un peu partout dans le pays et, dans la plupart des cas, l'infection est la conséquence de rapports hétérosexuels.", "En février 1987, la réunion ministérielle de lutte contre le SIDA a arrêté les grandes lignes d'un plan de lutte contre le SIDA, plan qui a été révisé en mars 1992. Les mesures énoncées dans ce plan sont appliquées avec la collaboration des ministères compétents.", "Des conseils individuels sur le SIDA sont fournis par des médecins dans les centres de santé établis par les préfectures et les cités désignées. A ceux qui paraissent le nécessiter, ces médecins conseillent un test de VIH. S'ils acceptent, ces tests leur sont administrés gratuitement. D'autres peuvent demander à subir ce test, mais eux doivent payer.", "iii. Sensibilisation à la nécessité d'une information exacte sur le SIDA", "En plus de diverses activités d'information déjà réalisées, le Ministère de la santé et de la protection sociale a créé, en octobre 1992, le groupe d'étude « Halte au SIDA », que préside le Ministre de la santé et de la protection sociale, pour assurer une large diffusion, avec le concours des collectivités locales et du secteur privé, à ce qu'il faut savoir sur le SIDA.", "Le Ministère de l'éducation s'emploie aussi à faire appliquer des mesures comme la production de matériels pédagogiques et l'organisation d'activités de formation du personnel enseignant, en vue de fournir aux enfants des écoles une information exacte sur le SIDA, de combattre les incompréhensions et les idées reçues sur le SIDA, et de leur inculquer l'esprit de la dignité de la personne. Des informations sur l'éducation sexuelle, sujet étroitement lié à l'éducation sur le SIDA, figuraient dans le deuxième rapport.", "Des possibilités sont offertes aux responsables de l'éducation sociale et aux dirigeants de communautés locales d'apprendre, et de faire apprendre, à leur tour, ce qu'il faut savoir sur le SIDA, et des subventions sont offertes aux collectivités locales pour organiser des classes et des cours sur le SIDA.", "Les centres de santé pratiquent également des activités d'information, distribuant des brochures et utilisant des vidéos dans l'exercice de leurs activités de conseils individuels.", "14. Article 13", "Modification du Décret d'application de la Loi de subvention au Fonds pour l'amélioration de la pêche côtière", "Une ordonnance ministérielle portant modification d'une partie du Décret d'application de la Loi a été prise et elle est entrée en vigueur en septembre 1992. Il s'agit de réaménager le Fonds pour personnes âgées en prenant sur le Fonds pour l'amélioration des conditions de vie des pêcheurs que les administrations préfectorales prêtent en vertu de la Loi au Fonds pour les femmes aussi bien que pour les personnes âgées, ainsi que de renforcer le Fonds.", "15. Article 14", "a)Formulation des grandes orientations des nouvelles politiques de l'alimentation, de l'agriculture et des zones rurales", "En juin 1992, les grandes orientations des nouvelles politiques de l'alimentation, de l'agriculture et des zones rurales ont été tracées pour signaler les problèmes qui se posent à cet égard et pour indiquer ce que seraient les orientations futures en réponse à l'évolution de la situation sociale et économique. Il s'agit de définir clairement le rôle des femmes dans la production agricole et de revitaliser les villages ruraux.", "b)Promotion des mesures prévues par le rapport « La nouvelle femme rurale : vers l'an 2001 » (rapport d'une Table ronde sur une vision à moyen et à long terme de la femme rurale)", "En reconnaissance du rôle important des femmes dans l'agriculture et la vie rurale, la Table ronde sur une vision à moyen et à long terme de la femme rurale a établi, en juin 1992, un rapport intitulé « La nouvelle femme rurale : vers l'an 2001 », qui trace une vision d'avenir des femmes rurales et définit dans leurs grandes lignes les mesures à prendre pour la réaliser.", "Le Ministère de l'agriculture, des forêts et de la pêche doit prendre diverses mesures à cet égard.", "c) Mesures pratiques", "Afin de mettre en oeuvre les nouvelles politiques et donner corps à cette vision, le Gouvernement, les collectivités locales et les organisations agricoles vont coopérer à l'application de mesures visant essentiellement à : i) définir clairement le rôle des femmes dans la direction des affaires; ii) favoriser la participation des femmes dans la prise des décisions; iii) réduire la charge de travail des femmes et améliorer leurs conditions de travail; iv) former les femmes pour améliorer leurs aptitudes en technologie agricole et en gestion; v) examiner la situation des agricultrices affiliées à la Caisse de retraite des agriculteurs.", "16. Article 15", "Il n'y a rien de notable à signaler depuis le deuxième rapport.", "17. Article 16", "Examen de la législation sur le mariage", "Les Parties 4 (Famille) et 5 (Successions) du Code civil ont été refondues après la Deuxième guerre mondiale suite à la promulgation de la Constitution, laquelle prescrit l'égalité entre hommes et femmes et le respect de la personne. De légères modifications ont été apportées à ces dispositions à plusieurs reprises. En 1987, un nouvel amendement à la législation relative à l'adoption prévoyait un système spécial d'adoption.", "Le Conseil législatif, qui conseille le Ministre de la justice, a un sous-comité chargé d'examiner les dispositions du Code civil relatives à la famille et aux successions. En janvier 1991, le sous-comité a repris l'examen du Chapitre 2 (Mariage) de la Quatrième partie (Famille). Des points comme l'âge minimum au mariage, le maintien de l'interdiction de remariage faite aux femmes à certaines périodes et le nom des couples mariés font actuellement l'objet d'un examen.", "Le Ministère de la justice a publié un rapport intérimaire sur les dispositions relatives au mariage et au divorce et demandé à recevoir l'avis de divers milieux pour la mi-mai 1993.", "Le sous-comité poursuit actuellement ses délibérations en tenant compte des avis soumis par divers organismes.", "Hormis ce qui précède, il n'y a pas de faits notables à signaler depuis le deuxième rapport.", "ANNEXE", "(Statistiques)", "SITUATION DES FEMMES AU JAPON", "1. POPULATION", "POPULATION (milliers)", "TOTAL FEMMES HOMMES", "1980 117 060 59 467 57 594", "1985 121 049 61 552 59 497", "1990 123 611 62 914 60 697", "1991 124 043 63 139 60 905", "1992 124 452 63 356 61 096", "(100,0 %) (50,9 %) (49,1 %)", "2000 127 385 64 851 62 533", "(100,0 %) (50,9 %) (49,1 %)", "2010 130 397 66 410 63 988", "(100,0 %) (50,9 %) (49,1 %)", "2020 128 345 65 492 62 853", "(100,0 %) (51,0 %) (49,0 %)", "2030 122 972 62 851 60 121", "(100,0 %) (51,1 %) (48,9 %)", "SOURCES : 1980-1992 AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "2000-2030 PROJECTION DU MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION", "SOCIALE.", "2. PERSONNES AGEES", "POPULATION (milliers)", "TOTAL FEMMES HOMMES", "1980 10 647 6 148 4 500", "(100,0 %) (57,7 %) (42, 3 %)", "1985 12 468 7 368 5 100", "(100,0 %) (59,1 %) (40,9 %)", "1990 14 895 8 907 5 988", "(100,0 %) (59,8 %) (40,2 %)", "1991 15 582 9 285 6 298", "(100,0 %) (59,6 %) (40,4 %)", "1992 16 242 9 648 6 594", "(100,0 %) (59,4 %) (40,6 %)", "2000 21 699 12 575 9 124", "(100,0 %) (58,0 %) (42,0 %)", "2010 27 746 15 880 11 866", "(100,0 %) (57,2 %) (42,8 %)", "2020 32 738 18 652 14 086", "(100,0 %) (57,0 %) (43,0 %)", "2030 31 994 18 388 13 606", "(100,0 %) (57,5 %) (42,5 %)", "SOURCES : 1980-1992 AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "2000-2030 PROJECTION DU MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION", "SOCIALE.", "NOTE : LES PERSONNES AGEES CONSTITUENT LE GROUPE D'AGE DES 65 ANS ET", "AU‑DESSUS.", "3. ESPERANCE DE VIE (ANNEES)", "FEMMES HOMMES", "1980 78,76 73,35", "1985 80,48 74,78", "1990 81,90 75,92", "1991 82,11 76,11", "1992 82,22 76,09", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE.", "4. TAUX DE MORTALITE", "TAUX DE MORTALITE (POUR 1 000)", "DECES FEMMES HOMMES", "1980 722 801 5,6 6,8", "1985 752 283 5,6 6,9", "1990 820 305 6,0 7,4", "1991 829 797 6,1 7,5", "1992 856 643 6,2 7,7", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE.", "5.NOMBRE DE NAISSANCES VIVANTES, TAUX DE NAISSANCES VIVANTES ET TAUX DE FECONDITE CUMULEE", "NAISSANCES", "VIVANTES", "(EN MILLIERS)", "", "TAUX DE", "NAISSANCES", "VIVANTES", "(POUR 1 000)", "TAUX DE", "FECONDITE", "CUMULE", "(POUR 1 000)", "1947", "2 679", "34,3", "4,54", "1980", "1 577", "13,6", "1,75", "1985", "1 432", "11,9", "1,76", "1990", "1 222", "10,0", "1,54", "1991", "1 223", "9,9", "1,53", "1992", "1 209", "9,8", "1,50", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE L'EDUCATION.", "NOTE : 1947 A MARQUE LE RECORD DE L'APRES-GUERRE.", "6. NOMBRE DE MARIAGES ET TAUX DE NUPTIALITE", "MARIAGES", "", "TAUX DE NUPTIALITE", "(POUR 1 000)", "1980", "774 702", "6,7", "1985", "735 850", "6,1", "1990", "722 138", "5,9", "1991", "742 264", "6,0", "1992", "754 441", "6,1", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE.", "7. AGE MOYEN AU PREMIER MARIAGE", "TOTAL MARIAGES PREMIER MARIAGE", "FEMMES HOMMES FEMMES HOMMES", "1980 25,9 28,7 25,2 27,8", "1985 26,4 29,3 25,5 28,2", "1990 26,9 29,7 25,9 28,4", "1991 26,9 29,6 25,9 28,4", "1992 27,0 29,7 26,0 28,4", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE.", "8. DIVORCES ET TAUX DE DIVORTIALITE", "DIVORCES", "", "TAUX DE DIVORTIALITE", "(POUR 1 000)", "1980", "141 689", "1,22", "1985", "166 640", "1,39", "1990", "157 608", "1,28", "1991", "168 969", "1,37", "1992", "179 191", "1,45", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE.", "9. NOMBRE MOYEN DE PERSONNES PAR MENAGE ET POURCENTAGE DE DISTRIBUTION PAR TYPE DE STRUCTURE DE MENAGE", "NOMBRE TOTAL", "DE MENAGES", "(EN MILLIERS)", "", "", "NOMBRE MOYEN", "DE PERSONNES", "PAR MENAGE", "", "", "MENAGES A", "FAMILLE", "NUCLEAIRE", "%", "", "MENAGES A", "FAMILLE", "ELARGIE", "%", "", "MENAGES", "D'UNE SEULE", "PERSONNE", "%", "", "MENAGES", "COMPRENANT", "DES PARENTS", "AGES", "%", "MENAGES DE", "PERSONNES", "AGEES", "%", "", "MENAGES", "D'UNE SEULE", "PERSONNE AGEE", "%", "1975", "33 596", "3,28", "59,5", "20,8", "19,5", "20,6", "2,7", "1,9", "1980", "35 824", "3,22", "60,3", "19,7", "19,8", "22,7", "3,6", "2,5", "1985", "37 980", "3,14", "60,0", "19,0", "20,8", "24,4", "4,3", "3,1", "1990", "40 670", "2,99", "59,5", "17,2", "23,1", "26,4", "5,5", "4,0", "2000", "43 822", "2,94", "57,5", "19,3", "23,0", "31,8", "7,6", "5,4", "2010", "45 014", "2,95", "56,8", "19,6", "23,3", "36,3", "9,8", "6,9", "2020", "45 041", "2,92", "54,9", "19,5", "25,3", "40,4", "11,7", "8,4", "SOURCES : AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "ESTIMATIONS DU MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE.", "10. TAUX DE MORTALITE MATERNELLE (POUR 100 000 NAISSANCES VIVANTES)", "1955 178,8", "1980 20,5", "1985 15,8", "1990 8,6", "1991 9,0", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE.", "NOTE : 1955 A MARQUE LE RECORD DE L'APRES-GUERRE.", "11. TAUX DE MORTALITE INFANTILE (POUR 1 000 NAISSANCES VIVANTES)", "TOTAL SEXE FEMININ SEXE MASCULIN", "1947 76,7 72,0 81,0", "1980 7,5 6,6 8,3", "1985 5,5 5,1 5,9", "1990 4,6 4,2 5,0", "1991 4,4 4,2 4,6", "1992 4,5 4,0 5,0", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE.", "NOTE : LES CHIFFRES CORRESPONDANT A 1992 SONT DES CHIFFRES APPROXIMATIFS. 1947 A MARQUE LE RECORD DE", "L'APRES-GUERRE.", "12. NOMBRE DE CAS DE SIDA ET DE SEROPOSITIVITE", "TOTAL FEMMES HOMMES", "1985 6 0 6", "1986 5 0 5", "1987 69 16 53", "1988 51 13 38", "1989 87 19 68", "1990 97 31 86", "1991 238 122 116", "1992 493 291 202", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE.", "13. NOMBRE DE PERSONNES ATTEINTES D'INVALIDITE", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE.", "NOTE : LES CHIFFRES CORRESPONDANT AUX PERSONNES ATTEINTES D'INVALIDITE PHYSIQUE SONT TIRES DE L'ENQUETE DE 1991.", "LES CHIFFRES CORRESPONDANT AUX PERSONNES SOUFFRANT DE RETARD MENTAL SONT TIRES DE L'ENQUETE DE 1990.", "14. NOMBRE D'ECOLES ET EFFECTIFS (1992)", "NOMBRE D'ECOLES EFFECTIFS", "TOTAL SEXE FEMININ SEXE MASCULIN", "JARDINS D'ENFANTS 15 006 1 948 868 958 956 989 912", "(100,0 %) (49,2 %) (50,8 %)", "ECOLES ELEMENTAIRES 24 730 8 947 226 4 369 221 4 578 005", "(100,0 %) (48,8 %) (51,2 %)", "ECOLES SECONDAIRES 11 300 5 036 840 2 459 903 2 576 937", "DU PREMIER CYCLE (100,0 %) (48,8 %) (51,2 %)", "ECOLES SECONDAIRES 5 501 5 218 497 2 594 119 2 624 378", "DU DEUXIEME CYCLE (100,0 %) (49,7 %) (50,3 %)", "ECOLES POUR AVEUGLES 70 4 919 1 822 3 097", "(100,0 %) (37,0 %) (63,0 %)", "ECOLES DE SOURDS 107 7 997 3 563 4 434", "(100,0 %) (44,6 %) (35,4 %)", "ECOLES POUR AUTRES 786 76 668 28 329 48 339", "HANDICAPES (100,0 %) (37,0 %) (63,0 %)", "COLLEGES TECHNIQUES 62 54 786 7 060 47 726", "(100,0 %) (12,9 %) (87,1 %)", "ETABLISSEMENTS UNIVERSITAIRES 591 524 538 481 044 43 494", "DU PREMIER CYCLE (100,0 %) (91,7 %) (8,3 %)", "UNIVERSITES 523 2 293 269 672 337 1 620 932", "(100,0 %) (29,3 %) (70,7 %)", "(INSTITUTS DE HAUTES 335 109 108 19 609 89 499", "ETUDES) (100,0 %) (18,0 %) (82,0 %)", "ECOLES DE FORMATION 3 409 861 903 436 326 425 577", "SPECIALE (100,0 %) (50,6 %) (49,4 %)", "ECOLES DE TYPES DIVERS 3 202 389 807 190 733 199 074", "(100,0 %) (48,9 %) (51,1 %)", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE L'EDUCATION.", "15. RATIO D'ELEVES ACCEDANT AU DEUXIEME CYCLE DU SECONDAIRE ET A L'ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR (%)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE L'EDUCATION.", "NOTE 1 :LE RATIO D'ELEVES ACCEDANT AU DEUXIEME CYCLE DU SECONDAIRE REPRESENTE LA PROPORTION DE DIPLOMES DU PREMIER CYCLE QUI ONT ACCEDE AU DEUXIEME CYCLE, Y COMPRIS LES CYCLES COURTS.", "2 :LES RATIOS D'ELEVES ACCEDANT A L'ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR SE CALCULENT EN DIVISANT LE NOMBRE DE CEUX QUI ACCEDENT CHAQUE ANNEE A L'ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR PAR LE NOMBRE DE CEUX QUI SONT SORTIS AVEC DIPLOME D'ECOLES SECONDAIRES DU PREMIER CYCLE TROIS ANS AUPARAVANT.", "16. EFFECTIFS DU SUPERIEUR (1992)", "TOTAL", "UNIVERSITES", "ETABLISSEMENTS UNIVERSITAIRES DU PREMIER CYCLE", "TOTAL", "", "796 280", "(100,0 %)", "541 504", "(68,0 %)", "254 676", "(32,0 %)", "FEMMES", "", "408 124", "(100,0 %)", "172 608", "(42,3 %)", "235 516", "(57,7 %)", "HOMMES", "", "388 156", "(100,0 %)", "368 996", "(95,1 %)", "19 160", "(4,9 %)", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE L'EDUCATION.", "17. REPARTITION DES ETUDIANTS PAR DISCIPLINE", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE L'EDUCATION.", "20. POPULATION ACTIVE ET POPULATION EMPLOYEE", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "21. TAUX DE PARTICIPATION DE LA POPULATION ACTIVE PAR GROUPE D'AGE", "1980 1992", "FEMMES HOMMES FEMMES HOMMES", "TOTAL 47,6 % 79,8 % 50,7 % 77,9 %", "15 - 19 18,5 17,4 17,6 19,4", "20 - 24 70,0 69,6 75,6 74,5", "25 - 29 49,2 96,3 64,0 96,4", "30 - 34 48,2 97,6 52,7 98,0", "35 - 39 58,0 97,6 62,4 98,1", "40 - 44 64,1 97,6 70,5 98,2", "45 - 49 64,4 96,5 72,0 98,0", "50 - 54 59,3 96,0 67,6 97,1", "55 - 59 50,5 91,2 55,6 93,6", "60 - 64 38,8 77,8 40,7 75,0", "65 - 15,5 41,0 16,7 38,2", "SOURCE : AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "22.TAUX DE PARTICIPATION DE LA POPULATION ACTIVE FEMININE PAR SITUATION MATRIMONIALE", "TOTAL CELIBATAIRES MARIEES VEUVES/DIVORCEES", "1980 47,6 % 52,6 % 49,2 % 34,2 %", "1985 48,7 53,0 51,1 32,9", "1990 50,1 55,2 52,7 32,3", "1991 50,7 56,4 53,2 32,4", "1992 50,7 57,4 52,9 32,7", "SOURCE : AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "23. REPARTITION DES TRAVAILLEURS PAR TYPE D'EMPLOI", "TOTAL", "TRAVAILLEURS INDEPENDANTS", "EMPLOYES FAMILIAUX", "EMPLOYES", "NOMBRES", "(MILLIERS)", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "FEMMES", "", "", "", "", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "2 142", "2 304", "2 536", "2 592", "2 619", "293", "288", "271", "265", "263", "491", "461", "424", "402", "375", "1 354", "1 548", "1 834", "1 918", "1 974", "HOMMES", "", "", "", "", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "3 394", "3 503", "3 713", "3 776", "3 817", "658", "628", "607", "594", "580", "112", "99", "93", "87", "81", "2 617", "2 764", "3 001", "3 084", "3 145", "RATIO", "(%)", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "FEMMES", "", "", "", "", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "13,7", "12,5", "10,7", "10,2", "10,0", "22,9", "20,0", "16,7", "15,5", "14,3", "63,2", "67,2", "72,3", "74,0", "75,4", "HOMMES", "", "", "", "", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "19,4", "17,9", "16,3", "15,7", "15,2", "3,3", "2,8", "2,5", "2,3", "2,1", "77,1", "78,9", "80,8", "81,7", "82,4", "SOURCE : AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "24. REPARTITION DES TRAVAILLEURS PAR SECTEUR D'ACTIVITE", "TOTAL", "SECTEUR PRIMAIRE", "SECTEUR SECONDAIRE", "SECTEUR TERTIAIRE", "NOMBRE DE TRAVAILLEURS", "(EN MILLIERS)", "1980", "1985", "TOTAL 1990", "1991", "1992", "55 360", "58 070", "62 490", "63 690", "64 360", "", "", "5 770", "5 090", "4 510", "4 270", "4 110", "", "", "19 260", "19 920", "20 990", "21 600", "21 940", "", "", "30 200", "32 830", "36 690", "37 520", "38 010", "1980", "1985", "FEMMES 1990", "1991", "1992", "21 420", "23 040", "25 360", "25 920", "26 190", "2 830", "2 440", "2 150", "2 010", "1 900", "6 050", "6 510", "6 920", "7 110", "7 110", "12 500", "14 000", "16 180", "16 690", "17 060", "RATIO (%)", "1980", "1985", "TOTAL 1990", "1991", "1992", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "", "10,4", "8,8", "7,2", "6,7", "6,4", "", "34,8", "34,3", "33,6", "33,9", "34,1", "", "54,6", "56,5", "58,7", "58,9", "59,1", "1980", "1985", "FEMMES 1990", "1991", "1992", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "13,2", "10,6", "8,5", "7,8", "7,3", "28,2", "28,3", "27,3", "27,4", "27,1", "58,4", "60,8", "63,8", "64,4", "65,1", "SOURCE : AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "25. REPARTITION DES EMPLOYEES PAR SECTEUR D'ACTIVITE", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "26. EMPLOYEES PAR OCCUPATION", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "27. GAINS MENSUELS DE TRAVAILLEURS CONTRACTUELS ET SALAIRES MENSUELS", "(DANS DES ETABLISSEMENTS EMPLOYANT DIX PERSONNES OU DAVANTAGE)", "GAINS CONTRACTUELS MENSUELS", "", "", "SALAIRES", "FEMMES", "", "HOMMES", "FEMMES", "", "HOMMES", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "", "(MILLIERS DE YENS)", "122,5", "153,6", "186,1", "195,7", "203,6", "", "", "", "", "", "", "(MILLIERS DE YENS)", "221,7", "274,0", "326,2", "340,6", "345,6", "(MILLIERS DE YENS)", "116,9", "145,8", "175,0", "184,4", "192,8", "", "", "", "", "", "", "(MILLIERS DE YENS)", "198,6", "244,6", "290,5", "303,8", "313,5", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL.", "28. DIFFERENCE DE SALAIRES DE L'EMPLOYE TYPE SELON LE SEXE PAR GROUPE D'AGE (ENQUETE DE 1992)", "RATIOS SALAIRES FEMININS/SALAIRES MASCULINS (%)", "GROUPE D'AGE", "18-19", "20-24", "25-29", "30-34", "35-39", "40-44", "45-49", "50-54", "", "DIPLOMES DU DEUXIEME CYCLE", "DU SECONDAIRE", "92,9", "89,4", "84,9", "80,9", "78,3", "74,1", "72,0", "68,3", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "DIPLOMES D'UNIVERSITE", "—", "95,3", "90,9", "85,7", "84,0", "80,5", "83,8", "78,0", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL.", "29. SALAIRES DE DEPART DES EMPLOYES RECEMMENT SORTIS DE L'ECOLE (DANS LES ETABLISSEMENTS DE DIX EMPLOYES PERMANENTS OU PLUS)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL.", "30. MOYENNE MENSUELLE D'HEURES DE TRAVAIL PAR EMPLOYE PERMANENT", "(DANS DES ETABLISSEMENTS DE 30 EMPLOYES PERMANENTS OU DAVANTAGE)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL.", "31. TRAVAILLEURS SYNDIQUES ET TAUX ESTIMATIFS DE SYNDICALISATION", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL, AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "NOTE : LE TAUX ESTIMATIF DE SYNDICALISATION EST LE RATIO DES SYNDIQUES AU TOTAL DES EMPLOYES.", "32. TRAVAILLEURS A TEMPS PARTIEL (SECTEUR NON AGRICOLE)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "NOTE : LES TRAVAILLEURS A TEMPS PARTIEL SONT LES EMPLOYES QUI TRAVAILLAIENT MOINS DE 35 HEURES PAR", "SEMAINE AU MOMENT DE L'ENQUETE (Y COMPRIS SAISONNIERS ET INTERMITTENTS).", "33. NOMBRE DE MENAGES AGRICOLES ET POPULATION AGRICOLE", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE L'AGRICULTURE, DES FORETS ET DE LA PECHE.", "NOTE : POUR LA POPULATION AGRICOLE, LES CHIFFRES CORRESPONDANT A 1991 ET A 1992 ETAIENT CEUX DE LA", "POPULATION DE MENAGES PRATIQUANT L'AGRICULTURE COMMERCIALE", "34.REPARTITION DE LA POPULATION TRAVAILLANT DANS L'AGRICULTURE ET LA FORESTERIE PAR TYPE D'EMPLOI (EN 1992)", "(EN MILLIERS)", "TOTAL", "TRAVAILLEURS INDEPENDANTS", "EMPLOYES FAMILIAUX", "", "EMPLOYES", "FEMMES", "", "1 810", "(100,0 %)", "340", "(18,8 %)", "1 350", "(74,6 %)", "", "", "120", "(6,6 %)", "HOMMES", "", "1 940", "(100,0 %)", "1 480", "(76,3 %)", "260", "(13,4 %)", "", "", "200", "(10,3 %)", "SOURCE : AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "35. LES FEMMES DANS LES COOPERATIVES AGRICOLES", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE L'AGRICULTURE, DES FORETS ET DE LA PECHE.", "36. LES FEMMES ET LES HOMMES SONT-ILS TRAITES A EGALITE?", "LES HOMMES SONT BEAUCOUP MIEUX TRAITES QUE LES FEMMES", "", "A TOUT PRENDRE, LES HOMMES SONT MIEUX TRAITES QUE", "LES FEMMES", "EGALITE DE TRAITEMENT", "", "A TOUT PRENDRE, LES FEMMES SONT MIEUX TRAITEES QUE LES HOMMES", "", "LES FEMMES SONT BEAUCOUP MIEUX TRAITEES QUE LES HOMMES", "", "PAS D'OPINION", "1.VIE DE FAMILLE", "(TOTAL DE REPONSES)", "FEMMES (1 971)", "16,8", "47,0", "29,1", "3,9", "0,6", "2,7", "HOMMES (1 553)", "8,9", "39,2", "42,9", "5,7", "0,6", "2,7", "2.AU TRAVAIL", "FEMMES (1 971)", "20,8", "42,9", "16,6", "2,5", "0,5", "16,8", "HOMMES (1 553)", "12,7", "42,9", "28,7", "4,8", "0,5", "10,4", "3.ENSEIGNEMENT", "FEMMES (1 971)", "3,2", "15,4", "58,0", "3,9", "0,7", "18,8", "HOMMES (1 553)", "1,9", "9,3", "63,8", "4,9", "0,6", "19,5", "4.POLITIQUE", "FEMMES (1 971)", "43,7", "38,0", "8,9", "0,7", "0,2", "8,5", "HOMMES (1 553)", "30,7", "42,2", "18,3", "1,4", "0,3", "6,7", "5.DROIT OU AUTRES STRUCTURES INSTITUTIONNELLES", "FEMMES (1 971)", "17,2", "37,7", "30,8", "1,3", "0,3", "12,7", "HOMMES (1 553)", "10,0", "30,5", "48,8", "3,1", "0,5", "7,7", "6.MENTALITES, COUTUMES ET PRATIQUES", "FEMMES (1 971)", "28,4", "50,4", "12,1", "2,7", "0,3", "6,0", "HOMMES (1 553)", "20,3", "53,4", "19,3", "2,6", "0,5", "3,9", "0", "20", "40", "60", "80", "100", "SOURCE : CABINET DU PREMIER MINISTRE.", "37. QUEL EST LE PLUS IMPORTANT POUR L'EGALITE ENTRE HOMMES ET FEMMES?", "(ENQUETE REALISEE EN 1992)", "TOTAL DES REPONSES", "", "", "QUE LES FEMMES SE RENDENT, ELLES-MEMES,", "PLUS COMPETENTES", "(1)", "REFORMER LES PRATIQUES SOCIALES, ETC.", "(2)", "", "REVOIR LES LOIS ET SYSTEMES", "(3)", "", "ADOPTER ET RENFORCER LES SYSTEMES POUR PROMOUVOIR LES FEMMES A DES POSTES IMPORTANTS", "(4)", "", "AMELIORER LES MECANISMES ET SERVICES D'AIDE AUX FEMMES", "(5)", "", "DIVERS", "", "", "PAS", "D'OPINION", "PERSONNES", "(%)", "(%)", "(%)", "(%)", "(%)", "(%)", "(%)", "TOTAL", "3 524", "28,0", "26,8", "13,1", "12,7", "9,3", "0,6", "9,7", "FEMMES", "1 971", "28,1", "26,3", "12,4", "11,1", "11,1", "0,4", "10,7", "HOMMES", "1 553", "27,8", "27,3", "13,9", "14,7", "7,1", "0,8", "8,4", "[PAR SEXE ET GROUPE D'AGE]", "(FEMMES)", "AGE 20‑29", "221", "28,1", "30,3", "8,6", "14,9", "15,8", "0,5", "1,8", "30-39", "387", "25,6", "31,0", "11,6", "11,6", "17,1", "0,3", "2,8", "40-49", "464", "29,1", "27,4", "15,3", "12,1", "11,0", "—", "5,2", "50-59", "407", "30,2", "23,8", "13,5", "11,1", "8,4", "0,5", "12,5", "60 ET AU-DESSUS", "492", "27,4", "22,0", "11,0", "7,9", "6,5", "0,6", "24,6", "(HOMMES)", "AGE 20-29", "195", "23,6", "31,8", "9,2", "15,9", "9,7", "0,5", "9,2", "30-39", "239", "19,7", "33,1", "19,7", "12,1", "10,9", "0,8", "3,8", "40-49", "373", "37,5", "25,2", "9,7", "13,4", "6,7", "1,1", "6,4", "50-59", "315", "27,0", "27,9", "12,7", "15,9", "8,9", "0,6", "7,0", "60 ET AU-DESSUS", "431", "26,2", "23,4", "17,4", "15,8", "3,0", "0,9", "13,2", "[PAR TAILLE DE VILLE]", "(FEMMES)", "TOKYO (DISTRICTS SPECIAUX)", "119", "36,1", "23,5", "16,8", "7,6", "9,2", "—", "6,7", "CITES DESIGNEES", "266", "32,0", "22,2", "12,8", "12,4", "13,2", "—", "7,5", "CITES DE TAILLE MOYENNE", "694", "29,7", "27,7", "12,8", "10,7", "9,7", "0,4", "9,1", "PETITES CITES", "391", "24,0", "24,0", "14,1", "13,8", "12,8", "0,5", "10,7", "VILLES ET VILLAGES", "501", "25,1", "29,1", "9,2", "9,6", "11,0", "0,4", "15,6", "[PAR TYPE D'EMPLOI]", "(FEMMES)", "AVEC EMPLOI", "1 081", "29,0", "27,5", "12,7", "10,8", "12,6", "0,2", "7,2", "TRAVAILLEUSES INDEPENDANTES", "111", "24,3", "27,9", "16,2", "10,8", "9,0", "0,9", "10,8", "TRAVAILLEUSES FAMILIALES", "262", "24,0", "26,7", "15,6", "9,2", "12,6", "0,4", "11,5", "EMPLOYEES", "708", "31,6", "27,7", "11,0", "11,4", "13,1", "—", "5,1", "SANS EMPLOI", "890", "27,0", "24,9", "12,0", "11,3", "9,2", "0,6", "14,9", "MENAGERES", "714", "27,5", "25,5", "12,7", "11,9", "10,1", "0,4", "11,9", "SANS EMPLOI", "176", "25,0", "22,7", "9,1", "9,1", "5,7", "1,1", "27,3", "AUTRES", "[PAR SITUATION MATRIMONIALE]", "(FEMMES)", "MARIEES", "1 560", "28,1", "26,0", "12,8", "11,2", "12,4", "0,3", "9,3", "JAMAIS MARIEES", "164", "34,1", "31,7", "9,1", "13,4", "8,5", "—", "3,0", "[PAR AGE DE LEURS PLUS JEUNES ENFANTS]", "(FEMMES)", "AVEC ENFANTS", "1 710", "26,9", "25,8", "12,8", "11,1", "11,6", "0,4", "11,3", "DE MOINS DE 5 ANS", "264", "20,5", "29,5", "11,7", "14,4", "20,8", "0,8", "2,3", "DE 6 A 10", "194", "28,9", "29,4", "12,9", "12,9", "13,4", "—", "2,6", "11 A 15", "197", "26,9", "25,4", "13,7", "11,7", "16,2", "—", "6,1", "16 A 20", "244", "33,2", "28,3", "14,3", "10,2", "8,2", "—", "5,7", "21 ET AU-DESSUS", "811", "26,6", "23,2", "12,5", "9,6", "8,1", "0,6", "19,4", "SANS ENFANTS", "261", "36,0", "29,5", "9,6", "11,1", "7,3", "—", "6,5", "SOURCE : CABINET DU PREMIER MINISTRE.", "NOTES :1)QUE LES FEMMES S'EFFORCENT DE SE DONNER PLUS DE POIDS DANS LA SOCIETE PAR LEUR EMANCIPATION ECONOMIQUE ET L'ACQUISITION DE SAVOIR ET DE COMPETENCES.", "2)REFORMER LES IDEES RECUES, LES MENTALITES, COUTUMES ET PRATIQUES CONCERNANT LES FEMMES.", "3)EXAMINER LES LOIS ET LES SYSTEMES POUR MODIFIER CEUX QUI CONDUISENT A LA DISCRIMINATION CONTRE LES FEMMES.", "4)ADOPTER ET RENFORCER DES SYSTEMES POUR PROMOUVOIR LES FEMMES A DES POSTES IMPORTANTS DANS LE SECTEUR PUBLIC ET LE SECTEUR PRIVE.", "5)AMELIORER LES MECANISMES ET SERVICES CONCUS POUR AIDER LES FEMMES DANS LEUR VIE PROFESSIONNELLE ET LEUR PARTICIPATION A LA VIE SOCIALE.", "38. INFRACTIONS PENALES (DONT ONT ETE VICTIMES DES FEMMES) CONNUES DE LA POLICE PAR TYPE D'INFRACTION", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : DEPARTEMENT DE LA POLICE NATIONALE.", "NOTES :1.LES DELITS DE CIRCULATION NE SONT PAS INCLUS.", "2.PARMI LES CAS OU IL Y A EU PLUS D'UNE VICTIME, CEUX OU LES PRINCIPALES VICTIMES ONT ETE DES FEMMES", "SONT INCLUS DANS LE TABLEAU CI-DESSUS.", "3.LES CHIFFRES ENTRE PARENTHESES REPRESENTENT LE RATIO D'INFRACTIONS DONT DES FEMMES ONT ETE VICTIMES.", "4.LES INFRACTIONS DONT DES PERSONNALITES OU ORGANISMES DU MONDE JURIDIQUE ONT ETE VICTIMES ET CELLES OU IL N'Y A PAS EU DE VICTIMES NE SONT PAS INCLUSES.", "39.NOMBRE DE PLAINTES RECUES POUR INFRACTIONS PENALES ET SUITE DONNEE (OUTRAGE AUX MOEURS ET VIOLS)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA JUSTICE.", "POURSUITES", "NOTE : POURCENTAGE DE POURSUITES = x 100", "POURSUITES = ABSENCE DE POURSUITES", "40. NOMBRE D'AFFAIRES DE PROSTITUTION INSTRUITES PAR DISPOSITIONS APPLICABLES", "1980 1985 1990 1991 1992", "TOTAL 4 801 12 710 6 352 5 500 6 516", "LOI CONTRE LA PROSTITUTION", "TOTAL PARTIEL 4 419 11 617 6 124 5 287 6 315", "RACOLAGE (ARTICLE 5) 885 697 313 396 477", "PROXENETISME (ARTICLE 6) 1 887 6 258 3 118 2 633 3 285", "PROSTITUTION PAR CHANTAGE (ARTICLE 7) 12 7 7 6 —", "ACCEPTATION D'UNE REMUNERATION (ARTICLE 8) 5 — 2 2 —", "PAIEMENTS ANTICIPES (ARTICLE 9) 21 17 3 — 27", "PASSATION D'UN CONTRAT DE PROSTITUTION (ARTICLE 10) 1 073 4 193 2 491 2 015 2 311", "PROXENETISME HOTELIER (ARTICLE 11.1) 174 183 57 99 76", "(ARTICLE 11.2) 244 136 88 91 67", "COMMERCE DE LA PROSTITUTION (ARTICLE 12) 93 99 24 24 55", "FOURNITURE DE FONDS (ARTICLE 13) 25 27 21 21 17", "CODE PENAL", "INCITATION A DES RAPPORTS ILLICITES (CHAPITRE 22) — 4 — 1 —", "ENLEVEMENT (CHAPITRE 33) 1 1 — — —", "DIVERS 5 29 11 6 16", "LOI SUR LA SECURITE DE L'EMPLOI", "INTRODUCTION A DES EMPLOIS PERNICIEUX (ARTICLE 63) 45 215 71 54 63", "DIVERS 3 8 2 1 —", "LOI SUR LA PROTECTION DE L'ENFANT", "INCITATION D'ENFANTS A DES ACTES LICENCIEUX (ARTICLE 34.1.6) 308 691 115 133 106", "DIVERS 13 135 28 17 16", "LOI SUR LES NORMES DE TRAVAIL", "EXPLOITATION D'INTERMEDIAIRES (ARTICLE 6) — 1 — — —", "DIVERS 7 9 1 1 —", "LOI SUR LA PREVENTION DES MALADIES VENERIENNES — — — — —", "SOURCE : DEPARTEMENT DE LA POLICE NATIONALE.", "41. INFRACTIONS A LA LOI CONTRE LA PROSTITUTION", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA JUSTICE.", "POURSUITES", "NOTE : POURCENTAGE DE POURSUITES = x 100", "POURSUITES + ABSENCE DE POURSUITES", "42. ETUDIANTS ET DIPLOMES DE L'UNIVERSITE DES ONDES", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE L'EDUCATION.", "43. ETABLISSEMENTS PUBLICS DE FORMATION PROFESSIONNELLE ET LEURS EFFECTIFS", "ETABLISSEMENTS PUBLICS DE FORMATION PROFESSIONNELLE POURCENTAGE DE PARTICIPATION PAR SEXE", "TOTAL NIVEAU NATIONAL NIVEAU PREFECTORAL TOTAL FEMMES HOMMES", "1980 399 104 295 100,0 27,5 72,5", "1985 380 104 276 100,0 20,2 79,8", "1990 383 106 277 100,0 30,6 69,4", "1991 382 105 277 100,0 34,0 66,0", "1992 382 105 277 — — —", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL.", "44(1). TEMPS QUE CHAQUE SEXE CONSACRE CHAQUE JOUR A SES ACTIVITES (MOYENNE HEBDOMADAIRE)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "NOTES :1.\"MENAGE\", EN 1976 ET 1981, COMPREND LES SOINS AUX ENFANTS.", "2.\"SOINS FAMILIAUX/INFIRMIERS\" CONSTITUE UNE CATEGORIE DEPUIS 1991.", "3.\"ACTIVITES SOCIALES\" SE DISAIT \"ACTIVITES SOCIALES BENEVOLES\" AVANT 1986.", "4.\"LOISIRS ACTIFS\" REPRESENTE LA SOMME DES \"ETUDES ET RECHERCHE\", \"PASSE-TEMPS FAVORI ET DIVERTISSEMENTS\", \"SPORTS\" ET \"ACTIVITES SOCIALES BENEVOLES\".", "5.\"LOISIRS DOMESTIQUES\" REPRESENTE LA SOMME DE \"TELEVISION, RADIO, JOURNAUX ET REVUES\" ET \"REPOS ET DETENTE\".", "(DANS LES FAMILLES A DOUBLE REVENU)", "(HEURES, MINUTES)", "FEMME", "", "", "MARI", "1986", "", "1991", "1986", "", "1991", "ACTIVITES PRIMAIRES", "SOMMEIL", "HYGIENE PERSONNELLE", "REPAS", "9,59", "7,16", "1,04", "1,39", "", "", "", "", "9,57", "7,10", "1,09", "1,38", "10,12", "7,48", "0,48", "1,36", "", "", "", "", "10,10", "7,43", "0,52", "1,35", "ACTIVITES SECONDAIRES", "DEPLACEMENTS", "TRAVAIL", "TRAVAIL SCOLAIRE", "MENAGE", "SOINS FAMILIAUX/INFIRMIERS", "SOINS AUX ENFANTS", "COURSES", "10,01", "0,25", "5,24", "0,00", "3,23", "—", "0,18", "0,32", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "9,47", "0,26", "5,04", "0,00", "3,22", "0,04", "0,16", "0,35", "8,42", "0,45", "7,43", "0,00", "0,07", "—", "0,02", "0,06", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "8,35", "0,46", "7,29", "0,00", "0,08", "0,01", "0,03", "0,07", "ACTIVITES TERTIAIRES", "DEMENAGEMENT", "TELEVISION, RADIO, JOURNAUX ET REVUES", "REPOS ET DETENTE", "ETUDES ET RECHERCHE", "PASSE-TEMPS FAVORI ET DIVERTISSEMENTS", "SPORTS", "ACTIVITES SOCIALES", "ASSOCIATION", "EXAMEN MEDICAL OU TRAITEMENT", "AUTRES ACTIVITES", "ACTIVITES POSITIVES", "ACTIVITES DOMESTIQUES", "4,00", "0,17", "1,40", "1,02", "0,05", "0,19", "0,05", "0,02", "0,18", "0,05", "0,11", "0,29", "2,42", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "4,16", "0,18", "1,46", "1,05", "0,05", "0,19", "0,06", "0,04", "0,18", "0,05", "0,08", "0,34", "2,51", "5,06", "0,20", "2,07", "1,11", "0,06", "0,27", "0,10", "0,03", "0,27", "0,04", "0,10", "0,46", "3,18", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "5,15", "0,19", "2,13", "1,11", "0,06", "0,31", "0,10", "0,06", "0,27", "0,04", "0,08", "0,53", "3,24", "SOURCE : AGENCE DE GESTION ET DE COORDINATION.", "NOTES :1.\"MENAGE\", EN 1976 ET 1981, COMPREND LES SOINS AUX ENFANTS.", "2.\"SOINS FAMILIAUX/INFIRMIERS\" CONSTITUE UNE CATEGORIE DEPUIS 1991.", "3.\"ACTIVITES SOCIALES\" SE DISAIT \"ACTIVITES SOCIALES BENEVOLES\" AVANT 1986.", "4.\"LOISIRS ACTIFS\" REPRESENTE LA SOMME DES \"ETUDES ET RECHERCHE\", \"PASSE-TEMPS FAVORI ET DIVERTISSEMENTS\", \"SPORTS\" ET \"ACTIVITES SOCIALES BENEVOLES\".", "5.\"LOISIRS DOMESTIQUES\" REPRESENTE LA SOMME DE \"TELEVISION, RADIO, JOURNAUX ET REVUES\" ET \"REPOS ET DETENTE\".", "45. NOMBRE ET CAPACITE D'ACCUEIL DES GARDERIES D'ENFANTS", "NOMBRE DE GARDERIES D'ENFANTS", "CAPACITE", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "21 960", "22 899", "22 703", "22 669", "22 637", "2 128 190", "2 080 451", "1 978 989", "1 968 666", "1 958 796", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE", "46.PARTICIPATION DES FEMMES AUX ELECTIONS A LA CHAMBRE DES REPRESENTANTS ET A LA CHAMBRE DES", "CONSEILLERS", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DES AFFAIRES INTERIEURES.", "47. NOMBRE DE FEMMES MEMBRES DE LA DIETE", "[TABLE]", "SOURCES : SECRETARIAT DE LA CHAMBRE DES REPRESENTANTS ET SECRETARIAT DE LA CHAMBRE DES CONSEILLERS.", "48. POURCENTAGE DE PARTICIPATION AUX ELECTIONS LOCALES UNIFIEES", "(%)", "1975 1979 1983 1987 1991", "FEMMES HOMMES FEMMES HOMMES FEMMES HOMMES FEMMES HOMMES FEMMES HOMMES", "GOUVERNEURS DE PREFECTURE 73,06 70,72 65,18 62,93 64,92 61,40 61,58 57,89 56,41 52,36", "MEMBRES DES ASSEMBLEES PREFECTORALES 75,17 73,00 70,63 68,05 69,92 66,90 68,35 64,85 62,40 58,45", "MAIRES DE CITES DESIGNEES 71,47 67,50 70,78 66,32 73,81 68,04 69,44 64,34 67,31 64,02", "CONSEILLERS MUNICIPAUX DE CITES DESIGNEES 66,48 62,33 59,99 55,54 62,64 57,26 61,01 55,53 54,56 48,98", "MAIRES DE CITES 78,54 75,13 77,28 73,25 74,44 70,21 72,44 68,02 69,24 63,72", "CONSEILLERS MUNICIPAUX DE CITES 79,45 75,50 78,26 73,78 77,62 72,72 72,57 67,89 68,13 62,45", "RESPONSABLES DE DISTRICTS SPECIAUX 58,08 52,63 58,25 52,26 56,94 50,41 53,79 47,62 52,68 45,65", "MEMBRES DES ASSEMBLEES DE DISTRICTS SPECIAUX 58,20 52,75 59,05 53,06 57,70 51,08 54,05 47,76 52,46 45,40", "MAIRES DE VILLES ET VILLAGES 92,20 90,16 90,90 88,82 93,13 90,52 91,07 88,25 88,23 84,38", "CONSEILLERS MUNICIPAUX DE VILLES/VILLAGES 93,68 91,56 93,62 91,18 93,47 90,79 91,70 88,67 89,03 85,15", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DES AFFAIRES INTERIEURES.", "49. NOMBRE DE FEMMES MEMBRES DES ADMINISTRATIONS LOCALES", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DES AFFAIRES INTERIEURES.", "50. POSTES MINISTERIELS ATTRIBUES A DES FEMMES", "POSTES PERIODE", "MINISTRE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE 1960. 19.07. - 1960. 08.12", "DIRECTEUR GENERAL DU DEPARTEMENT DE LA SCIENCE ET DE LA TECHNIQUE 1962. 18.07. - 1963. 18.07", "DIRECTEUR GENERAL DU DEPARTEMENT DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT 1984. 01.11. - 1985. 28.12", "DIRECTEUR GENERAL DU DEPARTEMENT DE LA PLANIFICATION ECONOMIQUE 1989. 10.08. - 1990. 28.02", "DIRECTEUR GENERAL DU DEPARTEMENT DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT 1989. 10.08. - 1989. 25.08", "PREMIER SECRETAIRE DU CABINET (MINISTRE D'ETAT) 1989. 25.08. - 1990. 28.02", "DIRECTEUR GENERAL DU DEPARTEMENT DE LA SCIENCE ET DE LA TECHNIQUE 1990. 29.12. - 1991. 05.11", "MINISTRE DE L'EDUCATION 1992. 12.12. - 1993. 09.08", "MINISTRE DE L'EDUCATION 1993. 09.08. -", "DIRECTEUR GENERAL DU DEPARTEMENT DE LA PLANIFICATION ECONOMIQUE 1993. 09.08. -", "DIRECTEUR GENERAL DU DEPARTEMENT DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT 1993. 09.08. -", "SOURCE : CABINET DU PREMIER MINISTRE.", "51. VICE-MINISTRES PARLEMENTAIRES FEMMES (DEPUIS 1985)", "POSTES", "PERIODE", "VICE‑MINISTRE", "AFFAIRES ETRANGERES", "1984. 02.11. - 1985. 28.12", "ENVIRONNEMENT", "1988. 22.07. - 1988. 28.12", "DEVELOPPEMENT D'OKINAWA", "1988. 28.12. - 1989. 03.06", "DEVELOPPEMENT D'OKINAWA", "1989. 03.06. - 1989. 10.08", "TRAVAIL", "1989. 10.08. - 1990. 28.02", "SANTE ET PROTECTION SOCIALE", "1990. 29.12. - 1991. 05.11", "TRAVAIL", "1992. 26.12. - 1993. 12.08", "GESTION ET COORDINATION", "1993. 12.08. -", "SCIENCE ET TECHNIQUE", "1993. 12.08. -", "SOURCE : CABINET DU PREMIER MINISTRE.", "52 (1). PARTICIPATION DES FEMMES AUX CONSEILS CONSULTATIFS NATIONAUX", "NOMBRE DE CONSEILS CONSULTATIFS (A)", "", "CONSEILS AYANT DES MEMBRES FEMMES (B)", "", "RATIO", "B/A (%)", "NOMBRE TOTAL DE MEMBRES DE CONSEIL CONSULTATIF (C)", "", "NOMBRE DE FEMMES MEMBRES (D)", "", "RATIO", "D/C (%)", "1980", "199", "92", "46,2", "4 504", "186", "4,1", "1985", "206", "114", "55,3", "4 664", "255", "5,5", "1990", "204", "141", "69,1", "4 559", "359", "7,9", "1991", "203", "154", "75,9", "4 434", "398", "9,0", "1992", "200", "156", "78,0", "4 497", "432", "9,6", "1993", "203", "164", "80,8", "4 560", "472", "10,4", "SOURCE : CABINET DU PREMIER MINISTRE.", "52 (2). PARTICIPATION DES FEMMES AUX CONSEILS CONSULTATIFS DES ADMINISTRATIONS LOCALES", "NOMBRE DE CONSEILS CONSULTATIFS (A)", "", "CONSEILS AYANT DES MEMBRES FEMMES (B)", "", "RATIO", "B/A (%)", "NOMBRE TOTAL DE MEMBRES DE CONSEIL (C)", "", "NOMBRE DE FEMMES MEMBRES (D)", "", "RATIO", "D/C (%)", "1985", "2 075", "0,953", "45,9", "52 614", "3 851", "7,3", "1990", "1 846", "1,011", "54,8", "49 732", "4 395", "8,8", "1991", "1 840", "1,053", "57,2", "49 566", "4 538", "9,2", "1992", "1 804", "1,104", "61,2", "49 925", "4 798", "9,6", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL.", "52 (3). NOMBRE DE COMMISSAIRES AUX LIBERTES CIVILES", "TOTAL FEMMES RATIO DE FEMMES (%)", "1980 11 500 1 360 11,8", "1985 11 500 1 611 14,0", "1987 11 500 1 661 14,4", "1988 12 024 1 754 14,6", "1989 12 548 1 981 15,8", "1990 13 072 2 339 17,9", "1991 13 072 2 546 19,8", "1992 13 072 2 726 21,0", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA JUSTICE.", "53.PRESENCE DES FEMMES AUX ECHELONS SUPERIEURS DE L'ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE NATIONALE (NIVEAU DIRECTEUR ET AU-DESSUS)", "ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE NATIONALE DIRECTEURS GENERAUX DIRECTEURS", "TOTAL FEMMES % DE FEMMES TOTAL FEMMES % DE FEMMES TOTAL FEMMES % DE FEMMES", "1980 248 659 34 828 14,0 1,559 3 0,2 6,459 39 0,6", "1985 245 386 34 574 14,1 1,623 2 0,1 6,815 47 0,7", "1990 240 502 35 143 14,6 1,627 8 0,5 7,316 61 0,8", "1991 240 094 35 719 14,9 1,571 5 0,3 7,330 62 0,8", "SOURCE : BUREAU DU PERSONNEL NATIONAL.", "NOTE : « ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE NATIONALE » RENVOIT AUX CATEGORIES DE SERVICES ADMINISTRATIFS (I)", "ET DE SERVICES DESIGNES (Y COMPRIS, DEPUIS 1986, LE TOUT RECENT SERVICE ADMINISTRATIF", "PROFESSIONNEL).", "54. PRESENCE DES FEMMES AUX ECHELONS SUPERIEURS DES ADMINISTRATIONS PUBLIQUES LOCALES", "(1) POSTES DE DIRECTION DANS LES ADMINISTRATIONS PREFECTORALES (DIRECTEURS ET AU-DESSUS)", "NOMBRE TOTAL D'EMPLOYES PUBLICS LOCAUX", "", "NOMBRE DE FEMMES", "", "POURCENTAGE DE FEMMES", "", "POURCENTAGE AU", "1ER JUIN 1991", "SIEGE DE", "", "TOTAL", "17 533", "271", "1,5", "1,4", "L'ADMINISTRATION", "", "SECRETARIAT DU GOUVERNEUR", "10 657", "227", "2,1", "1,9", "PREFECTORALE", "", "BUREAU DE L'EDUCATION", "1 286", "31", "2,4", "1,7", "DIVERS", "5 590", "13", "0,2", "0,2", "TOTAL", "20 350", "904", "4,4", "4,3", "AGENCES DE", "", "SECRETARIAT DU GOUVERNEUR", "15 957", "814", "5,1", "5,1", "QUARTIERS ET", "", "BUREAU DE L'EDUCATION", "1 482", "29", "2,0", "1,1", "DE DISTRICTS", "", "DIVERS", "2 911", "61", "2,1", "1,7", "SOURCE : ENQUETE REALISEE PAR LE MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL LE 1ER JUIN 1992.", "(2)REPARTITION DES FEMMES OCCUPANT DES POSTES DE DIRECTION DANS LES ADMINISTRATIONS PREFECTORALES (SIEGE)", "CADRES SUPERIEURS FEMMES NIVEAU DIRECTEUR GENERAL NIVEAU DIRECTEUR GENERAL ADJOINT NIVEAU DIRECTEUR", "SECRETARIAT DU GOUVERNEUR NOMBRE 227 16 25 186", "POURCENTAGE (100,0 %) (7,1 %) (11,0 %) (81,9 %)", "NOMBRE AU 1ER JUIN 1991 187 16 23 148", "BUREAU DE L'EDUCATION NOMBRE 31 0 3 28", "DIVERS NOMBRE 13 2 1 10", "SOURCE : ENQUETE REALISEE PAR LE MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL LE 1ER JUIN 1992.", "55. NOMBRE DE JUGES", "TOTAL JUGES ADJOINTS", "TOTAL FEMMES RATIO DE FEMMES TOTAL FEMMES RATIO DE FEMMES TOTAL FEMMES RATIO DE FEMMES", "1980 2 747 76 2,8 2 134 43 2,0 613 33 5,4", "1985 2 792 93 3,3 2 183 49 2,2 609 44 7,2", "1990 2 823 141 5,0 2 214 68 3,1 609 73 12,0", "1991 2 828 156 5,5 2 191 71 3,2 614 85 13,8", "1992 2 835 171 6,0 2 191 71 3,2 621 100 16,1", "SOURCE : COUR SUPREME.", "56. NOMBRE DE PROCUREURS", "TOTAL PREMIERE CLASSE DEUXIEME CLASSE", "PROCUREURS PROCUREURS PROCUREURS ADJOINTS", "TOTAL FEMMES RATIO DE FEMMES TOTAL FEMMES RATIO DE FEMMES TOTAL FEMMES RATIO DE FEMMES TOTAL FEMMES RATIO DE FEMMES", "1980 2 129 25 1,2 537 5 0,9 701 19 2,7 891 1 0,1", "1985 2 104 27 1,3 565 3 0,5 665 23 3,5 874 1 0,1", "1990 2 059 44 2,1 570 6 1,1 617 36 5,8 872 2 0,2", "1991 2 049 46 2,2 555 7 1,3 617 38 6,2 877 1 0,1", "1992 2 039 49 2,4 566 6 1,1 608 42 6,9 865 1 0,1", "1993 2 048 57 2,8 566 6 1,1 618 48 7,8 864 3 0,3", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA JUSTICE.", "57. REPRESENTATION DES FEMMES DANS LES PARTIS POLITIQUES", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : SECRETARIATS DES PARTIS POLITIQUES.", "NOTE : LES CHIFFRES AFFECTES D'UN ASTERISQUE REPRESENTENT DES NOMBRES APPROXIMATIFS.", "58. LES JAPONAISES DANS LES ORGANISATIONS INTERNATIONALES", "1980 1985 1990 1993", "TOTAL FEMMES TOTAL FEMMES TOTAL FEMMES TOTAL FEMMES", "ONU 61 9 (14,8 %) 79 21 (26,6 %) 73 28 (38,4 %) 73 34 (46,6 %)", "CNUCED 5 0 (—) 10 2 (20,0) 9 3 (33,3) 10 3 (30,0)", "PNUD 25 6 (24,0) 26 13 (36,1) 37 19 (51,4) 33 12 (36,4)", "FNUAP 7 2 (28,6) 7 4 (57,1) 9 6 (66,7) 11 6 (54,5)", "PNUE 3 1 (33,3) 7 3 (42,9) 9 4 (44,4) 9 2 (22,2)", "HCR 12 3 (25,0) 21 7 (33,3) 28 11 (39,5) 41 24 (58,5)", "UNICEF 10 2 (20,0) 31 14 (45,2) 29 16 (55,2) 27 15 (55,6)", "ONUDI 16 3 (18,8) 19 2 (10,5) 31 9 (29,3) 31 10 (32,3)", "UNU 6 1 (16,7) 11 3 (27,3) 3 1 (33,3) 4 1 (25,0)", "CESAP 25 1 (4,0) 34 6 (17,6) 19 5 (29,4) 13 5 (38,5)", "OIT 20 3 (15,0) 31 6 (19,4) 23 4 (17,4) 26 9 (34,6)", "FAO 34 2 (5,9) 40 3 (7,5) 41 6 (14,6) 43 7 (16,3)", "PAM — — 4 1 (25,0) 12 2 (16,7) 12 3 (25,0)", "UNESCO 26 4 (15,4) 25 7 (28,0) 34 10 (29,4) 36 15 (41,7)", "OMS 24 1 (4,2) 37 4 (10,8) 46 9 (19,6) 44 9 (20,5)", "FMI 22 5 (22,7) 28 7 (25,0) 29 4 (13,8) 31 7 (22,6)", "BIRD 53 14 (26,4) 67 21 (31,3) 98 34 (37,4) 107 33 (30,8)", "IDA, SFI", "BAsD 41 0 (—) 62 1 (1,6) 60 4 (6,7) 65 2 (3,1)", "OCDE 32 0 (—) 41 0 (—) 48 6 (12,5) 49 7 (14,3)", "UIT 11 0 (—) 9 0 (—) 9 1 (11,1) 5 1 (20,0)", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DES AFFAIRES ETRANGERES.", "59. INSTITUTIONS D'EDUCATION SOCIALE", "SALLES COMMUNALES INSTITUTIONS LOCALES D'EDUCATION SOCIALE BIBLIOTHEQUES MUSEES CENTRES EDUCATIFS POUR ENFANTS ET JEUNES CENTRES EDUCATIFS POUR FEMMES SALLES D'EDUCATION PHYSIQUE ET DE SPORTS", "EX. 1978 16 452 82 1 200 493 696 89 13 662", "1981 17 222 163 1 437 578 940 119 19 391", "1984 17 520 282 1 642 676 1 031 100 24 605", "1987 17 440 566 1 801 737 1 053 199 34 489", "1990 17 347 584 1 960 790 1 154 213 —", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE L'EDUCATION.", "60. EQUIPEMENTS SOCIAUX POUR TRAVAILLEURS", "CENTRES DE LOISIRS DES PETITES ET MOYENNES ENTREPRISES CENTRE NATIONAL DES JEUNES TRAVAILLEURS CENTRES POLYVALENTS D'AIDE AUX TRAVAILLEURS CENTRES D'AIDE PROFESSIONNELLE AUX TRAVAILLEURS CENTRES SPORTIFS POUR TRAVAILLEURS CENTRES POLYVALENTS D'AIDE AUX TRAVAILLEURS CENTRE SOCIAL MIXTE CENTRE D'ACTIVITES DE PLEIN AIR DES TRAVAILLEURS CENTRES SOCIAUX POUR JEUNES TRAVAILLEURS CENTRES POUR FEMMES AU TRAVAIL", "EX. 1975 6 1 2 22 165 — 62 42 313 69", "1980 6 1 2 24 520 — 150 108 429 124", "1985 6 1 4 24 805 — 269 152 516 195", "1990 6 1 6 24 1 020 60 351 152 535 223", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL.", "61. COURS D'EDUCATION SOCIALE PAR MATIERE (EX. 90)", "TOTAL", "COURS POUR ENFANTS ET JEUNES", "COURS POUR ADULTES EN GENERAL", "COURS CONÇUS POUR LES FEMMES", "COURS CONÇUS POUR LES PERSONNES AGEES", "DIVERS", "TOTAL", "74 006", "10 360", "34 586", "16 869", "7 949", "4 242", "ETUDES CULTURELLES", "28 352", "3 880", "12 129", "6 734", "4 795", "814", "EXERCICES PHYSIQUES ET LOISIRS", "16 098", "4 312", "6 294", "2 696", "1 281", "1 515", "ENSEIGNEMENT MENAGER", "ENSEIGNEMENT FAMILIAL", "17 175", "", "474", "", "10 591", "", "4 830", "", "357", "", "923", "CONNAISSANCES ET APTITUDES PROFESSIONNELLES", "2 722", "210", "1 773", "578", "80", "81", "INITIATION A LA VIE SOCIALE", "6 599", "810", "2 981", "1 467", "942", "399", "DIVERS", "3 060", "674", "818", "564", "494", "510", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE L'EDUCATION.", "62. NOMBRE D'INSTITUTIONS PROPOSANT DES COURS SUR LA QUESTION FEMININE PAR TYPE D'INSTITUTION (EX. 90)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE L'EDUCATION.", "NOTE : LES CHIFFRES ENTRE PARENTHESES REPRESENTENT LE RATIO D'INSTITUTIONS QUI PROPOSENT DES COURS SUR LA QUESTION FEMININE.", "63. NOMBRE DE CENTRES CREES POUR L'EDUCATION DES FEMMES PAR TYPE D'ORGANISATION (EX 90)", "TOTAL NIVEAU NATIONAL NIVEAU PREFECTORAL CREES PAR DES CITES/DISTRICTS CREES PAR DES VILLES CREES PAR DES VILLAGES CREES PAR DES COOPERATIVES CREES PAR DES FONDATIONS", "214 1 15 55 16 1 - 126", "64.CE QUE PENSENT LES FEMMES QUI TRAVAILLENT DES CHANGEMENTS APPORTES A LA GESTION DU PERSONNEL PAR LA PROMULGATION DE LA LOI SUR L'EGALITE DEVANT L'EMPLOI (ENQUETE DE 1990)", "PAS DE REPONSE", "5,8 %", "IL N'Y A PAS DE CHANGEMENTS", "39,3 %", "PAS D'OPINION", "23,4 %", "IL Y A DES CHANGEMENTS", "31,4 %", "LES POSSIBILITES DE PROMOTION ET D'AUGMENTATION", "DE SALAIRES SONT MEILLEURES.", "DES FEMMES ONT ETE NOMMEES A DES POSTES DE", "RESPONSABILITE.", "IL Y A DAVANTAGE DE FEMMES A DES POSTES DE DIRECTION.", "DES STRUCTURES D'AIDE AUX TRAVAILLEUSES, ET NOTAMMENT", "LE CONGE PARENTAL, ONT ETE MISES EN PLACE.", "LES AVIS EMIS SUR LE TRAVAIL SONT NOTES.", "LE TRAVAIL SUPPLEMENTAIRE A AUGMENTE.", "LE TRAVAIL EST DEVENU PLUS EXIGEANT.", "LES FEMMES EXERCENT LES MEMES EMPLOIS QUE LES HOMMES.", "LES DOMAINES D'EMPLOI SE SONT ELARGIS.", "L'ECART ENTRE TRAVAILLEUSES S'EST ELARGI.", "LES POSSIBILITES DE TRANSFERT ONT AUGMENTE.", "LES TRAVAUX DIVERS ONT DIMINUE.", "DIVERS.", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL.", "65. CHANGEMENTS D'ATTITUDE DES ENTREPRISES CONCERNANT L'ATTRIBUTION D'EMPLOIS A DES FEMMES", "66.OBSTACLES A L'UTILISATION DE LA MAIN-D'OEUVRE FEMININE (REPONSES DES ENTREPRISES : ENQUETE DE 1992)", "IL FAUT OUVRIR TOUS LES POSTES", "AUX FEMMES (23,0 %)", "IL FAUT AFFECTER LES FEMMES A TOUS LES POSTES EN FONCTION", "DE LEURS QUALIFICATIONS ET DE LEURS APTITUDES (55,0 %)", "IL FAUT AFFECTER LES FEMMES A", "DES POSTES CORRESPONDANT A LEUR", "SPECIFICITE ET A LEUR SENSIBILITE", "DE FEMMES (45,7 %)", "IL FAUT AFFECTER LES FEMMES A", "DES POSTES CORRESPONDANT A LEUR", "SPECIFICITE ET A LEUR SENSIBILITE", "DE FEMMES (37,6 %)", "IL FAUT AFFECTER LES FEMMES UNIQUEMENT", "A DES EMPLOIS D'AUXILIAIRE (7,9 %)", "IL FAUT AFFECTER LES FEMMES AUX POSTES", "QUI CORRESPONDENT A LEURS QUALIFICATIONS", "PROFESSIONNELLES (16,7 %)", "IL FAUT AFFECTER LES FEMMES UNIQUEMENT", "A DES EMPLOIS D'AUXILIAIRE (5,3 %)", "AUTRES REPONSES (6,4 %)", "AUTRES REPONSES (1,5 %)", "PAS DE REPONSE (0,2 %)", "PAS DE REPONSE (0,6 %)", "LA SOCIETE, EN GENERAL, ET LES CLIENTS AINSI QUE", "LES PARTENAIRES COMMERCIAUX, EN PARTICULIER, NE", "COMPRENDRAIENT PAS BIEN.", "LES CADRES MOYENS ET LES COLLEGUES DE SEXE MASCULIN", "NE COMPRENDRAIENT PAS BIEN.", "IL Y A DES RESTRICTIONS LEGALES A L'EMPLOI DE FEMMES.", "LA VIE PROFESSIONNELLE DES FEMMES EST GENERALEMENT COURTE.", "LES FEMMES SONT GENERALEMENT MOINS CONSCIENCIEUSES.", "IL FAUT TENIR COMPTE DES RESPONSABILITES FAMILIALES.", "NE SAVENT PAS A QUOI EMPLOYER DES FEMMES.", "AUTRES REPONSES.", "67. DUREE MOYENNE DU CONGE DE MATERNITE PAR FEMME QUI TRAVAILLE", "(JOURS)", "ANNEE", "", "", "AVANT L'ACCOUCHEMENT", "APRES L'ACCOUCHEMENT", "1965", "1971", "1973", "1974", "1976", "1978", "1981", "1985", "1988", "1991", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "34,4", "36,4", "35,1", "36,2", "36,4", "36,6", "38,5", "36,4", "37,0 (46,5)", "38,5 (52,4)", "46,4", "46,6", "47,3", "47,9", "48,7", "48,3", "48,8", "49,7", "56,0 (64,4)", "58,1 (58,8)", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL.", "NOTE : LES CHIFFRES ENTRE PARENTHESES REPRESENTENT LA LONGUEUR DES CONGES", "DE MATERNITE PRIS PAR LES FEMMES QUI ONT EU PLUSIEURS GROSSESSES.", "68. DESIGNATION DE PROMOTEURS DE L'EGALITE", "NOMBRE TOTAL DE PROMOTEURS DE L'EGALITE", "FIN EX. 88", "FIN EX. 89", "FIN EX. 90", "FIN EX. 91", "FIN EX. 92", "20 361", "32 087", "40 570", "46 431", "50 234", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL.", "69. NOMBRE DE FEMMES ENCEINTES AYANT SUBI DES EXAMENS MEDICAUX", "NOMBRE DE FEMMES ENCEINTES AYANT SUBI", "DES EXAMENS MEDICAUX", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "312 466", "252 914", "160 610", "148 292", "151 808", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE.", "70. CONSEILS DE SANTE POUR FEMMES ENCEINTES", "FEMMES ENCEINTES", "", "", "APRES L'ACCOUCHEMENT", "NOMBRE DE FEMMES QUI ONT RECU LEURS PREMIERS CONSEILS", "", "NOMBRE TOTAL DE FEMMES QUI ONT RECU DES CONSEILS", "NOMBRE DE FEMMES QUI ONT RECU LEURS PREMIERS CONSEILS", "", "NOMBRE TOTAL DE FEMMES QUI ONT RECU DES CONSEILS", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "565 171", "549 629", "497 834", "500 313", "505 430", "", "", "", "", "", "811 123", "752 999", "638 262", "641 995", "650 320", "327 860", "363 257", "357 130", "348 941", "352 455", "", "", "", "", "", "389 666", "431 380", "422 065", "411 121", "417 151", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE.", "71. NOMBRE DE CAS DE SIDA ET DE SEROPOSITIVITE PAR CAUSE DE TRANSMISSION (TOTAL CUMULATIF AU 30 JUIN 1993)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE : MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DE LA PROTECTION SOCIALE." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "CEDAW/C/JPN/3", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF", "DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN", "(CEDAW)", "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES", "UNDER ARTICLE 18 OF THE CONVENTION", "Third periodic report of States parties", "JAPAN", "________________________", " For the initial report submitted by the Government of Japan, see CEDAW/C/5/Add.48, Amend.1 and Corr.1; for its consideration by the Committee, see CEDAW/C/SR.108, CEDAW/C/SR.109 and CEDAW/C/SR.111, and Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-third Session, Supplement No. 38 (A/43/38), paras. 232‑289. For the second periodic report submitted by the Government of Japan, see CEDAW/C/JPN/2.", "93‑61640 (E) 100194 /...", "Introduction", "1. This is Japan's third periodic report submitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations in accordance with article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (hereinafter referred to as \"the Convention\") which Japan ratified in 1985.", "2. Japan submitted its initial report (CEDAW/C/5/Add.48) in March 1987, which was considered at the seventh session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in 1988. Its second report (CEDAW/C/JPN/2) was submitted in February 1992, and is to be considered at the thirteenth session of the Committee scheduled in 1994.", "3. The present report covers developments on the implementation of the Convention in Japan for the period of about two years from the point of drafting the second report (July 1991) up to September 1993, as well as other information not included in the previous reports. The report also provides information on the present situation of Japanese women in Part I.", "4. After the submission of the second report to the Secretary-General, the Government of Japan held a meeting of the members of the Advisory Council to the President of the Headquarters for the Planning and Promoting of Policies Relating to Women to be briefed on and listen to their views on the report. It also distributed copies of the Japanese version widely among the concerned members of the Diet, political parties, major women's organizations, journalists, officials of local governments who are responsible for women's affairs and other interested individuals.", "In drafting the present report, views of the various women's groups and academics in relation to the second report were taken into consideration, and the Advisory Council was consulted on the contents of the present report.", "The Advisory Council is a private advisory body to the Prime Minister who is the President of the headquarters for the Planning and Promoting of Policies Relating to Women, which is Japan's national machinery to promote comprehensive measures relating to women. The Advisory Council consists of experts on women's affairs, and includes representatives of national women's organizations, academics, journalists, representatives of trade unions and others who represent various groups of women.", "5. As a party to the Convention, the Government of Japan is committed to continuing its efforts to eradicate all forms of discrimination against women to achieve real equality between men and women.", "PART ONE. SITUATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN", "1. Population and vital statistics", "In 1992, Japan had a population of approximately 124.45 million, of which 63.36 million were women and 61.1 million were men. Women outnumbered men by 2.26 million, and accounted for 50.9 per cent of the total population.", "Japan is moving rapidly towards an aged society, and this trend is most apparent in its women's population. In 1992, women accounted for 59.4 per cent of the population aged 65 and over, and this percentage is projected to remain roughly at the same level.", "In 1992, the life expectancy at birth was 82.22 years for women and 76.09 years for men. Both women's and men's life expectancies are the longest in the world.", "The number of live births in 1992 was approximately 1,209,000 with the birth rate of 9.8 (per 1,000 persons). Both the annual number of live births and the crude birth rate are declining. Accordingly, the total fertility rate (the average number of children that would be born to each woman in her lifetime in accordance with the fertility rate of a given period: the sum of the age-specific fertility rates for women aged 15 to 49) dropped to 1.50, lower than the previous year's (1.53) which had been the lowest record in history. The low birth rate is largely the result of the remarkable rise in the proportion of unmarried young women in their twenties. One of the factors that has brought about this increase is said to be that women do not feel the burden of household chores and child-rearing has been alleviated under the present social mechanism while their economic situation is improving and it has become possible for them to choose various lifestyles.", "In 1992, there were 754,441 marriages with the marriage rate of 6.1 (per 1,000 persons). Both have been on the increase since 1990. The mean age at first marriage was 26.0 years for women and 28.4 years for men, both of which have been on a constant rise.", "As for divorce, in 1992 there were 179,191 divorces with the divorce rate of 1.45 (per 1,000 persons), and both the number and the rate have been increasing since 1990. In particular, divorces of couples with long marriage duration are increasing.", "As for household size, the average number of persons per household is decreasing; in 1990, it dropped below 3 to 2.99.", "Household patterns according to the relations between household members showed that in 1990, 76.7 per cent were family households that consisted of a head of the household and his/her relatives, and 23.1 per cent were one-person households; 26.4 per cent had a household member aged 65 or over, and such households are increasing.", "The maternal mortality rate in 1991 was 9.0 per 100,000 births (the highest post‑war record was 178.8 in 1955). The infant mortality rate in 1992 was 4.0 per 1,000 births for girls and 5.0 for boys (again, the previous record was 72.0 for girls and 81.0 for boys in 1947). Both rates are at a very low level.", "During the year of 1992, 493 cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positives were newly found (those who were infected through blood products are not included), which is a considerable increase compared to 238 cases in the previous year. Apart from those who were infected through blood products, more women were infected with HIV than men (in 1992, 291 women compared to 202 men). Actual number of AIDS cases and HIV positives is estimated to be 8.7 times higher than the reported number.", "In 1991, there were approximately 2,948,000 children/persons with disabilities, of which 1,150,000 women and 1,502,000 men were under care at home. The number of the mentally handicapped was approximately 385,000, of which 111,000 women and 158,000 men were under care at home.", "2. Education", "In 1992, girls' high school enrolment rate was 96.2 per cent (93.9 per cent for boys), which has been higher than boys' since 1969. The percentage of girls who advance to universities and junior colleges is also increasing annually; in 1992, the rate was 40.8 per cent for girls and 37.0 per cent for boys, and the girls' rate has been higher than boys' since 1989. As for the university enrolment rate, in 1992, it was 17.3 per cent for girls and 35.2 per cent for boys. Although there is still a gap between boys' and girls' rates, it is narrowing compared to the gap in 1980 (12.3 per cent for girls and 39.3 per cent for boys).", "Proportions of women by courses of university faculties show that courses where women occupy the majority were home economics (98.3 per cent), arts (66.8 per cent), humanities (66.4 per cent) and education (54.8 per cent). In those courses where women's enrolment rate had been low, there was a considerable rise compared to 1980 in social science (17.4 per cent compared to 8.2 per cent in 1980) and agriculture (26.9 per cent to 11.5 per cent), and a minor increase in science (19.8 per cent to 15.9 per cent) and technology (5.5 per cent to 1.5 per cent).", "In 1992, there were 8,141 women teaching staff in junior colleges (6,320 in 1980), which accounted for 38.5 per cent of all the teaching staff (38.6 per cent in 1980). Compared to 1980 figures, while there was an increase in number, the percentage remained at the same level. The number of women teaching staff in universities was 12,380 in 1992 (8,630 in 1980), which accounted for 9.6 per cent of university teaching staff (8.4 per cent in 1980). Compared to 1980 figures, both the number and the percentage have increased.", "In 1992, the employment rate of junior college graduates was 86.8 per cent for women and 70.6 per cent for men while that of university graduates was 80.4 per cent for women and 79.7 per cent for men. In both cases women's rates were higher than men's. Among graduates, except those who go on to post‑graduate courses, the percentage of those who find a job has increased for both men and women during the last 10 years. In particular, women's employment rate shows a remarkable rise. As for junior college graduates, the employment rate was 89.9 per cent for women and 81.3 per cent for men. As for university graduates, it was 84.9 per cent for women and 89.4 per cent for men.", "3. Employment", "The female work force in Japan (the sum of the employed and the unemployed) is on the increase; in 1992, it amounted to 26,790,000, or 40.7 per cent of the total work force. Of the female work force in 1992, 26,190,000 were employed, and 600,000 were unemployed with the unemployment rate of 2.2 per cent (the unemployment rate for the male work force was 2.1 per cent).", "The female labour force participation rate (percentage of work force in the population aged 15 and over) is also increasing; in 1992, it was 50.7 per cent (while the male labour force participation rate was 77.9 per cent. Female labour force participation rates for age groups form an M‑shaped curve, with the rates for women aged 20‑24 (75.6 per cent) and 45‑49 (72.0 per cent) at the peaks and the rate for women aged 30-34 (52.7 per cent) at the bottom. This shows that many women in Japan stop working due to marriage and child-bearing, and go back to work after bringing up children. The curve, however, is shifting upwards as a whole.", "The labour force participation rates by marital status is as follows: in 1992, 57.4 per cent in the unmarried group, 52.9 per cent in the married group and 32.7 per cent in the divorced and the widowed group. Of the 26,190,000 female workers, 19,740,000 were employees (75.4 per cent of the total female work force), while 2,630,000 were self-employed (10.0 per cent) and 3,750,000 were family workers (14.3 per cent). While the percentage of employees continues to increase, those of the self-employed and family workers are declining.", "Distribution of female work force by industry is as follows: in 1992, 6,180,000 women (31.3 per cent of the female work force) were in services, 5,380,000 in retail business and restaurants (27.3 per cent), and 4,940,000 in manufacturing (25.0 per cent). Thus 83.6 per cent of the female work force was engaged in those three areas. Compared to the figures for 1980, the employment share in manufacturing has declined, and the share in services, retail business and restaurants have increased.", "By occupation, in 1992, 6,890,000 were clerical workers, 3,850,000 were skilled and other workers engaged in manufacturing and construction, 2,710,000 in professional and technical work, 2,510,000 in sales, and 2,220,000 in security work and services.", "Women also form the majority in clerical work (59.3 per cent) and security work and services (52.6 per cent). The percentage of women in managerial work rose, though marginally, from 5.1 per cent in 1980 to 7.9 per cent in 1992.", "Average length of service of women in 1992 was 7.4 years. Although this is shorter than that of men (12.5 years), it has increased compared to 6.1 years in 1980.", "As for the gap between wages of male and female workers, if part-time workers (whose working hours per day or working days per week are less than those of ordinary workers in a certain establishment) are not included, scheduled salaries for female employees are 61.5 per cent of that for male employees. Possible reasons for this are the following.", "In Japan, people in general are employed immediately after graduating from schools, and receive wage raises according to their experience and skills learned through in-house training and transfers. Therefore, wages of women workers, whose length of service is generally shorter than that of men, as mentioned above, tend to be lower.", "If one looks at wages of ordinary workers (workers who are employed upon graduating from school and continue to work under the same employer) by their academic backgrounds in order to compare men's and women's wages under the same conditions in terms of age and length of service, one will find that, among high school graduates, female workers in their twenties earn approximately 90 per cent of what male workers earn, and around the age of 50 where the gap is widest women earn about 70 per cent of what men earn.", "In addition, other factors such as the difference in fields of employment and occupation, and the low percentage of women in managerial posts have effects on the wage differential.", "Female workers' working hours are shorter than men's. At the workplace with 30 workers and above, women's average monthly work hours per person in 1992 were 150.2 hours compared to men's 172.2 hours. Both men's and women's working hours are shorter than those in the previous year.", "The gaps between men's and women's working hours are brought about by such factors as different regulations on overtime and holiday work for women and the high proportion of part-time workers in female labour force.", "Women trade union members increased from previous years to 3,520,000 members in 1992, although the percentage of unionized members is estimated to be 17.6 per cent and continues to decline. On the other hand, the proportion of women in the total of trade union members increased from 27.6 per cent in 1980 to 28.2 per cent in 1992.", "The number of employees in the non-agricultural sector whose working hours are less than 35 hours per week (hereinafter referred to as \"part-time employees\", which may be used as an alternative indicator to part-time workers) shows a constant increase. In 1992, there were 8,680,000 part-time employees, 68.2 per cent of which were women. Among all women employees, 30.2 per cent were part-time employees.", "One of the issues related to employment today is sexual harassment in the workplace. Although sexual harassment is not clearly defined and the situation has not been fully examined, in recent years there are cases in which women workers seek advice and counselling, and make charges involving sexual harassment. In some district courts, women employees won some of such cases although the court ruling cited an unlawful act under the Civil Code and did not directly refer to sexual harassment.", "4. Status of women who are engaged in agriculture, forestry", "and fisheries", "In 1992, 1,810,000 women engaged in agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The number is almost the same as that of men (1,940,000), and 74.6 per cent of those women are family employees.", "As for their earnings, in 1988, 42.3 per cent of those women had a share of agricultural earnings. While 64.1 per cent of the women answered they had financial assets, only 8.6 per cent of them said they had real estate registered under their names.", "Since most of the rural women do not have their own real assets, the percentage of rural women who have joined farmers' pension remains as low as 4.2 per cent in 1992.", "Participation of women in social activities and decision-making in the local primary industries is still at a low level, though the situation is gradually improving. For example, women accounted for only 0.16 per cent of agricultural committee members (101 out of 62,166) in 1991, 12.2 per cent of full (individual) members of agricultural cooperatives (675,000 out of 5,526,000), and 0.11 per cent of management officers of the cooperatives (73 out of 66,538) in 1991. With a view to promoting women's participation in cooperative management, some agricultural cooperatives have appointed women to special advisors, although they are not statutory posts.", "5. Result of the opinion poll concerning gender equality", "The Government of Japan conducted an opinion poll concerning gender equality in November 1992. According to the result of the opinion poll, to the question whether the status of men and women are equal in certain areas, it was only in school education where a majority of both men and women answered \"yes\". In other areas, most men and women answered that men are treated better. the tendency was more apparent in politics (81.7 per cent of women and 73.7 per cent of men) and social standards, customs and traditions (78.8 per cent of women and 73.3 per cent of men). (See table 36 in the annex.)", "The poll also shows that to the question \"what is the most important to achieve equality between men and women in every field of society?\" many of both men and women answered, \"women's active efforts to empower themselves by gaining economic power and learning knowledge and technical skills\" (28.1 per cent of women and 27.8 per cent of men), and \"Reforming prejudices and rigid social practices, customs and traditions surrounding women\" (26.3 per cent of women and 27.3 per cent of men). (See table 37 in the annex.)", "6. Activities of non‑governmental organizations (NGOs), etc.", "(a)Liaison Group for the Implementation of the Resolutions from the International Women's Year Conference of Japan", "In Japan, many women's organizations and groups are doing grass-roots activities nation-wide. In 1975, 41 national women's organizations cooperated with each other in holding the International Women's Year Conference of Japan where they adopted resolutions on the formulation of the National Plan of Action and other policies related to women. Those organizations formed the Liaison Group for the Implementation of the Resolutions from the International Women's Year Conference of Japan (International Women's Year Liaison Group), and since then the group has been working actively for the advancement of women. Their activities include submission to the President of the headquarters (Prime Minister) of petitions for the early ratification of the Convention and for the promotion of the National Plan of Action towards the Year 2000.", "As of September 1993, the Liaison Group consists of 52 organizations.", "(b) United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) Japan Committee", "The IWY Liaison Group, in conjunction with two organizations set up by the two designated cities, namely, Yokohoma Women's Association for Communication and Networking and Kitakyushu Forum on Asian Women, and other organizations established the UNIFEM Japan Committee in November 1992 and started activities to cooperate with UNIFEM, which supports the efforts of women in the developing countries to improve their lives through public relations and fund raising.", "(c) Other NGO activities", "Apart from the above-mentioned activities of the NGOs, there are many women's organizations and groups that are doing studies on the Convention and other activities in various parts of Japan. Those NGOs engage in a wide range of activities including culture and hobbies, conservation of environment and improvement of consumers' life from women's standpoint, and activities to enhance friendship between Asian countries. Those NGOs use their own facilities and women's centres and other institutions for women established by local authorities as a centre for their activities. Many NGOs form liaison groups and councils at national, prefectural and municipal levels to exchange information and coordinate joint activities.", "7. Other developments", "(a) Provisions on marriage and divorce under the Civil Code", "Although married couples are free to choose either husbands' or wives' surnames upon marriage under the Japanese legal system, 98 per cent of wives have chosen their husbands' surnames in practice. Since in those cases the wives have to change their surnames, which causes inconveniences to women in their social activities, a view has been expressed that a husband and a wife should be allowed to assume separate surnames.", "The Legislative Council, an advisory body to the Minister of Justice, is now reviewing the provisions pertaining to marriage and divorce under the Civil Code. In the light of the above-mentioned view, whether to allow a married couple to use separate surnames is one of the issues being considered by the Council.", "(b) Prostitution involving foreign women", "Among those women who have entered Japan as tourists from South-East Asia and other countries and overstayed illegally after the expiration of their landing permit, there are many who find themselves involved in prostitution and other indecent acts for various reasons. In order to prevent them, in April 1990, the Prostitution Countermeasures Council submitted to the Prime Minister a petition for strengthening of control of prostitution, examination of entry and visas as well as for strengthening of counselling and support system and the promotion of economic cooperation for developing countries. NGOs are also working strenuously to extend support and cooperation to those women.", "PART TWO. OVERVIEW", "1. Appointment of the Minister for Women's Affairs", "When Prime Minister Miyazawa reshuffled his cabinet in December 1992, he appointed the Chief Cabinet Secretary to serve as the first Minister of State responsible for Women's Affairs who takes charge of coordination of measures carried out by competent administrative organs for the sake of comprehensive promotion of women's affairs.", "In January 1993, the Minister attended the Meeting of National Women Leaders to exchange views with the participants with a view to grasping the needs of women. The Minister also made efforts to promote women's participation in policy decision-making, as reported in the following sections. In the Hosokawa Administration which was formed on 9 August 1993, the Chief Cabinet Secretary was also appointed as the Minister responsible for Women's Affairs.", "2. Machinery of the headquarters for the Planning and", "Promoting of Policies Relating to Women", "(strip in chart)", "Mandates are as follows:", "(a) The headquarters: To liaise with related administrative organs and promote comprehensive and effective policies for women including incorporating into national policies the decisions adopted at the World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women in Nairobi as well as measures necessary to implement the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.", "(b) Special Advisers: To participate in following up the implementation of measures relating to women, in monitoring women's affairs and, when necessary, in measures promoted by the headquarters.", "(c) Advisory Council: To gather and present opinions to contribute to the planning and promotion of measures relating to women.", "(d) Strengthening of the headquarters: In July 1993, the headquarters decided on \"Strengthening of the Machinery to Promote Active and Joint Participation of Men and Women in Society\" to manifest the direction of measures to be taken by the Government, of which the details are provided in Part Three, 2, article 3.", "3. The New National Plan of Action towards the", "Year 2000 (First Revision)", "As the first medium term for the implementation of the concrete measures of the New National Plan of Action towards the Year 2000 (formulated in 1987) expired in 1990, and as the recommendations to improve the pace of implementation of the Nairobi Forward‑looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women were adopted in the General Assembly of the United Nations, the headquarters revised for the first time the New Plan of Action in May 1991.", "The overall goal of the Revised Plan is \"the creation of a society of active and joint participation by both men and women\". The Revised Plan consists of the following five basic targets, and under those targets 16 priority objectives are put up:", "(a) Improving people's awareness of equality between men and women;", "(b) Achieving active and joint participation in society by men and women on an equal footing;", "(c) Improving conditions enabling women to have expanded choices in life;", "(d) Assuring women's welfare in old age;", "(e) Promoting international cooperation and contribution to peace.", "Under the Revised Plan, the basic policies are to be promoted by 2000, and concrete measures by 1995.", "The main revised points are as follows:", "(a) Increasing the percentage of women members in national advisory councils and committees to 15 per cent by about 1995; the target date was moved up by five years from the original plan;", "(b) Reviewing legal provisions pertaining to marriage and divorce in the Civil Code, including provisions requiring married couples to use the same surname;", "(c) Promoting women in development;", "(d) Establishing a committee for the reinforcement of the national machinery's function.", "4. Main policies of the Government including legal arrangements", "From the submission of the second periodic report up to September 1993, the following legal and other measures were implemented, some of which will be elaborated in Part Three:", "(a)Making home economics compulsory for both boys and girls in primary and secondary schools", "The same curriculum of home economics for boys and girls is to be introduced in high schools as introduced in primary and junior high schools. Consequently, home economics will be compulsory for both boys and girls in all primary and secondary schools from 1994.", "(b) Enforcement of legislation on child‑care leave", "Legislation on child‑care leave for male and female employees both in the public and private sectors went into effect on 1 April 1992.", "(c)Enactment of legislation on the improvement of personnel management for part‑time workers", "The Law concerning the Improvement of Personnel Management for Part‑time Workers was enacted in June 1993 to ensure appropriate working conditions for the part‑time workers.", "(d) Amendment to the Labour Standards Law", "Amendment was made to the Labour Standards Law to reduce the statutory working hours to 40 hours per week. The amendment bill was enacted in June 1993.", "(e)Formulation of the Second Basic Policy Plan on the Welfare of Women Workers", "The Second Basic Policy Plan on the Welfare of Women Workers was formulated based on the Equal Employment Opportunity Law, and was published in April 1992.", "(f) Formulation of guidelines for family‑care leave", "As caring for family members has become a serious problem for workers in continuing their work, the Ministry of Labour issued family‑care leave guidelines in July 1992 with a view to encouraging employers to introduce and improve their welfare systems including family‑care leave.", "(g)Enactment of the Law concerning Improvements in the Personnel Management of Health Care Workers", "In order to achieve comprehensive and systematic improvement of the welfare of workers who engage in health care services by profession, the Law concerning the Improvements in the Personnel Management of Health Care Workers was enacted in May 1992 and went into force in July 1992.", "(h) Amendment to the Child Allowance Law", "In view of the recent demographic changes and the changing environment surrounding children and the family, the Child Allowance Law was amended and went into force in January 1992 with a view to strengthening social support for coming generations and support for families with children.", "(i) Enactment of the Law of Promotion for Securing Nursing Personnel", "In order to secure nurses and workers in health and medical services, the Law of Promotion for Securing Nursing Personnel was promulgated in June 1992 with a view to improving existing measures to secure such personnel. The Law went into force in November 1992.", "(k)Amendment to the Enforcement Order for the Coastal Fisheries Improvement Fund Subsidy Law", "A cabinet ordinance concerning an amendment to a part of the Enforcement Order for the Law was proclaimed and enacted in September 1992. The purpose is to rearrange the fund for the aged people out of the Fisher's Living Improvement Fund which prefectural governments lend based on the Law to the fund for both women and the aged people as well as to strengthen the fund.", "(l)Interim report on provisions pertaining to marriage and divorce under the Civil Code", "Interim Report on Provisions Pertaining to Marriage and Divorce under the Civil Code: Issues was published in December 1992 to invite the views from various circles.", "5. Public relations, awareness‑raising and", "dissemination of information", "(a) Designated days, weeks and months for the advancement of women", "In order to improve the status of women and achieve de facto equality of men and women, the Government of Japan has designated special days, weeks and months with the purpose of informing the public of government policies and their objectives and to correct traditional gender‑role concepts. During such periods, various awareness‑raising activities are carried out all over the country through such events as national conferences, symposia and opening of counselling offices. Of such days, weeks and months, major ones are as follows:", "Names of designated", "day, week or month", "Date", "", "Sponsoring ministries and agencies", "Rural Fishing Village", "Women's Day", "10 March", "", "Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries", "Women's Week", "10‑16 April", "Ministry of Labour", "Nursing Week", "", "A week including", "12 May (Nursing Day)", "Ministry of Health and Welfare", "Equal Employment", "Opportunity Month", "June", "", "Ministry of Labour", "Senior Citizen's", "Welfare Week", "15-21 September", "", "Management and Coordination Agency, Ministry of Health and Welfare, etc.", "Month for Harmonization of Work and Child‑care", "October", "Ministry of Labour", "Ten Days for Part‑time", "Worker's Programme", "1-10 November", "", "Ministry of Labour", "Human Rights Week", "4-10 December", "Ministry of Justice", "Campaign to Clean up", "Public Morals", "Two weeks including 24 May (Anniversary of the enactment of the Anti‑Prostitution Law)", "", "Prime Minister's Office, National Police Agency, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare and Ministry of Labour", "(b) Publication of White Papers", "The Prime Minister's Office published, in December 1992, the second report on the implementation of the New National Plan of Action (First Revision) for creating a society of active and joint participation of men and women. The third report is scheduled to be published in 1993. The Ministry of Labour also publishes The Situation of Women Workers annually. Apart from these efforts, individual ministries inform the general public of government policies and their objectives through the publication of various white papers such as White Paper on Education, Annual Report on Health and Welfare, Annual Report on the National Life, White Paper on Crime, White Paper on Youth and White Paper on Labour.", "(c) Public relations and awareness‑raising through the media", "The Government of Japan conducts various information activities through the media including newspapers, magazines, TV and radio broadcasting, with a view to improving women's status and to create a society of active and joint participation of men and women.", "(d) Dissemination of information through WINET", "In July 1991, the Information Centre of the National Women's Education Centre started WINET, the on‑line information retrieval service on women and family. The Centre has so far developed four bibliographical databases (books, local government publications, Japanese periodical articles and Japanese newspaper articles) and three learning information databases (education programmes for women in local governments, women's centres and organizations and women's study programmes). As of 30 June 1993, the Centre provides information to 174 institutions such as community education facilities, prefectural boards of education and governors' offices, research institutes including universities as well as women's facilities and centres throughout the country.", "The Centre is also active in developing a network of interested organizations and facilities, groups and individuals, both foreign and domestic, through making, distributing and exchanging various information materials.", "(e) Other activities", "Activities of the Advisory Council to the President of the headquarters", "Apart from presenting opinions on such occasions as the formulation of the National Plan of Action, the Advisory Council to the President of the headquarters functions through three committees: the Information Committee, the Committee on NGOs and Local Governments and the Research and Study Committee. Approximately once a month the Information Committee holds lectures for the members of the Diet, government officials, major women's organizations, and journalists, etc. on women's affairs and current topics relating to women given by experts from Japan and abroad, such as Ms. Sharon Capling‑Alakija, Director of UNIFEM and Ms. Margaret Shields, Director of the United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW). The Committee, among other things, invites representatives who attended the Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Commission on the Status of Women to give lectures on those meetings at the end of every March.", "The Committee on NGOs and Local Governments conducted a survey on the administration of local governments concerning women in July 1992, following up the survey conducted in February 1990. The results of the survey were published in September 1993.", "Conferences and meetings held by the headquarters", "The headquarters has held annually from 1979 a regional forum on women's issues which is open to the public with the aim of publicizing and further promoting the New National Plan of Action (First Revision) for creating a society of active and joint participation of men and women, etc. It has also convened a National Conference several times since it held the first Conference in 1980, and annually since 1990. In addition, the headquarters has convened annually a meeting of directors of divisions in charge of women's affairs of local governments since 1977, and regional meetings of these directors in several local blocs since 1987 to liaise with local governments.", "(f) Activities of local governments", "Local governments are also active in promoting measures relating to women. As of September 1993, all 47 prefectures and 12 designated cities have divisions/units for policy planning, liaison and coordination on women's affairs, and have formulated action plans to promote measures relating to women and established advisory bodies to reflect public opinion. They are also taking measures in line with those action plans including establishment of women's centres and other institutions for women (in 40 local governments as of April 1993 including ones under construction), promotion of women's participation in policy planning, awareness‑raising and information activities. There are, however, considerable differences in the state of progress in local governments.", "PART THREE", "1. Article 2", "Developments regarding the implementation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law, which stipulates equal treatment for men and women in employment, will be reported under article 11. Concerning the present provision, the following sections provide information in terms of women and violence, on women victims of crimes, as well as prevention and control of violence against women.", "(a) Women victims of crimes", "The number of reported cases of criminal offence known to the police by charges of which women are their victims is provided in table 38 in the annex. In 1972, of 1,182,960 cases of criminal offence, 251,859 (21.3 per cent) were the cases in which the victims were women. Both the number and percentage of such cases have increased in the past 20 years to 511,551 cases (32.5 per cent) out of 1,575,659 cases in 1992, an increase of more than 10 percentage points. By charges, thefts accounted for the most and almost doubled in the number of cases. On the other hand, the cases of rape declined considerably from 4,677 in 1972 to 1,504 in 1992. However, it is assumed that there are cases of violence against women, including domestic violence, which were not recognized because they are not reported.", "(b)Prevention and control of violence against women: penalties under the Criminal Code", "In order to prevent rape and other forms of violence against women, the following penal provisions are prescribed and strictly enforced - article 176 (Indecent acts against women 13 years old or over through violence or intimidation. Imprisonment with labour for the term between six months and seven years); the last sentence of article 176 (Indecent acts against women under 13 years old. Imprisonment with labour for the term between six months and seven years); article 177 (Sexual intercourse with women 13 years old or over through violence or intimidation. Imprisonment with labour for a limited term of not less than two years); the last sentence of article 177 (Sexual intercourse with women under 13 years old. Imprisonment with labour for a limited term of not less than two years).", "Illegality of prostitution: As reported in the initial report, prostitution is illegal in Japan.", "A campaign to clean up public morals is conducted in every prefecture under the auspices of related ministries with a purpose to raising awareness of the public on the prevention of prostitution and venereal diseases. The campaign runs about two weeks and is timed to include 24 May, the anniversary of the enactment of the Anti‑Prostitution Law.", "Information on the related offences is provided under article 6.", "2. Article 3", "With respect to article 3, the following sections provide information on reinforcement of the national machinery as well as measures for women with disabilities, which was not included in the previous reports.", "(a) Reinforcement of the national machinery", "(i)Consideration and submission of a report by the Committee for Reinforcement of the National Machinery's Function", "In August 1991, it was decided to establish a committee of experts with a view to reinforcing the headquarters for Planning and Promoting of Policies Relating to Women, based on the New National Plan of Action towards the Year 2000 (First Revision). The Committee conducted hearings from ministries of the headquarters, research on national machineries in other developed countries by dispatching study missions and hearings from local governments on their activities. After due consideration, the Committee submitted a report to the President of the headquarters on the future modalities of the headquarters in May 1993.", "The report said that it is required to promote comprehensive and coordinated measures with a view to ensuring that women lead a full life towards the creation of a society of active and joint participation of men and women. For that purpose, the report requested to review the machinery of the headquarters to promote those measures and to reflect public opinion through an advisory body.", "(ii)The headquarters' decision on the reinforcement of the machinery in relation to the above‑mentioned report", "In May 1993, the headquarters agreed to take actions taking into consideration the opinions contained in the report. In July, it decided on the reinforcement of the national machinery to promote measures to achieve a society of active and joint participation of men and women to manifest the direction of measures the Government will take.", "The decision includes reinforcement of the machinery (restructuring of the headquarters, setting up of an advisory body to reflect public opinions and to strengthening of the secretariat) and a request for the local governments to take more active measures as regards women's issues.", "(b) Measures for women with disabilities", "In March 1993, the Government formulated the New Long‑Term Programme for Government Measures for Disabled Persons to address the measures for the disabled persons after the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons. The Government is promoting comprehensive measures in line with the Programme for disabled women as well as disabled men to achieve a society in which each individual is an active member.", "Those measures include home helper services and other in‑home welfare services, services at rehabilitation and training facilities, provision of prosthetic devices, such as artificial limbs and wheelchairs, and provision of equipment for daily use such as Braille typewriters and special beds under the Law for the Welfare of Physically Disabled Persons, the Law for the Welfare of the Mentally Retarded Persons, and the Mental Health Law. Also under the Law for the Employment Promotion, etc. of Disabled Persons, measures are being promoted to enhance and secure employment of disabled persons through strict enforcement of the employment ratio system and promotion of vocational rehabilitation. In addition, there are measures to ensure income as well as a special tax deduction. Other measures are also being promoted, including removal of obstacles in such public places as buildings, roads and traffic terminals and equipment of facilities such as escalators, lifts and toilets for disabled persons.", "3. Article 4.1", "(a) Setting a target on percentage of women in national advisory bodies", "As described in the Second Report, in revising the New National Plan of Action, the headquarters moved up the target date to achieve women's share of 15 per cent in national advisory bodies by five years to approximately 1995, and continues its efforts to that end.", "(b)Request for cooperation in promotion of women in advisory bodies of local governments", "Upon setting the new target date as mentioned above, in July 1991 the headquarters issued a request to the heads of the prefectural governments and designated cities for cooperation to set up a new target concerning the promotion of women in their advisory bodies. As of the end of March 1993, target figures and dates of those local governments are as follows:", "Number of local governments (%) Target date", "Target 1993‑1995 1996‑2000 2001- Not fixed", "30% & over 11 (18.7) 3 6 2", "20‑25% 30 (50.8) 11 15 2 2", "15% 12 (20.3) 4 8", "12% 1 (1.7) 1", "Total 54 (91.5) 19 29 4 2", "Not fixed 5 (8.5)", "Grand total 59* (100)", "Source: Prime Minister's office.", "* 47 Prefectures and 12 designated cities.", "(c) Promotion of assistance to women who wish to be re‑employed", "As there are many women who stop working upon childbirth and child‑care and wish to resume work after bringing up their children, special measures are promoted to assist those women such as promotion of the re‑employment system for women by the companies, services for preparation for re‑entering into labour market, and assistance for employment in related facilities.", "4. Article 5 (a)", "(a) Request to the media for understanding and cooperation", "The New National Plan of Action (First Revision) includes as one of the basic policies to be achieved by 2000 \"To request understanding and cooperation of the media for presenting images reflecting the idea of gender equality in publications, advertisement and TV programmes\" under its first priority objective of \"Improving people's awareness of equality between men and women\". One of the concrete measures to be implemented between 1991‑1995 is \"To encourage the media to make efforts to present images reflecting the idea of gender equality\".", "In May 1991, upon the first revision of the Plan, the Prime Minister's office briefed the people in the media on its purpose and contents.", "The Ministry of Education, Ministry of Labour and other ministries as well as the Prime Minister's office also hold briefing sessions from time to time for journalists and editors who follow women's affairs.", "In August 1991, the Deputy Cabinet Secretary issued a request for cooperation on the Revised Plan to the heads of organizations of broadcasting, newspapers and publications. Similar briefings and requests for cooperation were made at the secretariat level to the people concerned.", "(b) Awareness‑raising activities including Women's Week", "During Women's Week, as reported in the previous two reports, the Ministry of Labour, from 1991 under the theme of \"Let's make an epoch we can live vividly irrespective of sex\", conducts nationwide campaign in conjunction with local authorities, women's organizations, trade unions, employers' associations and mass media organizations to eradicate stereotyped sex‑role concepts and create a society in which each individual may lead his/her own life.", "From 1993, revenue from Local Subsidy Tax can be utilized by prefectural governments' activities for awareness‑raising in various fields including information activities on the Equal Employment Opportunity Law and activities to correct stereotyped role concepts, which will contribute to the promotion of gender equality in employment.", "(c) Public relations activities by the Government", "In carrying out its information activities, the Government pays attention to avoid enhancing stereotyped role concepts of men and women, i.e., by producing posters to present women's active participation in various fields. The Government also makes efforts to follow the objectives of the New National Plan of Action (First Revision) in producing posters and information material.", "(d) Other activities", "Since 1992, the Tokyo Women's Foundation has conducted an annual contest of gender‑sensitive advertisement, and presented an honour to those TV commercials, posters and advertisements in newspapers and magazines that are recommended by citizens of Tokyo as favourable in addressing women's issues.", "In March 1993, the Prefecture of Osaka reviewed description and images that reflected stereotyped role concepts in its publications, and compiled a guidebook for expression towards a society of active and joint partnership of men and women, which provides basic guidelines to project positive images of such a society.", "5. Article 5 (b)", "According to the survey on social life conducted by the Management and Coordination Agency in 1991, women spent three hours and fifty‑two minutes per day on household work including housekeeping and child‑care whereas men spent only twenty‑four minutes. In two‑income families, wives spent four hours and seventeen minutes compared to husbands' nineteen minutes, which shows that it is mainly wives who do housekeeping and child‑care.", "In addition to the measures that had already been implemented, the Government started the following measures in 1991 to promote further the recognition of motherhood as social function and to enhance men and women to have joint responsibility over bringing up children.", "(a) Promotion of fathers' participation in home education", "In 1991 and 1992, the Ministry of Education commissioned a study for local governments on learning opportunities for fathers concerning home education in order to promote fathers' participation in home education.", "In addition, since 1991, the Ministry has assisted in establishing a parenthood forum in civic centres, kindergartens and spare rooms of elementary schools where experienced parents and those who finished home education courses are assigned for networking on home education in order to revitalize educational functions of family and community, and promoting exchange of information and experiences on home education and networking in the neighbourhood.", "(b) Community support programmes for child‑rearing in child‑care centres", "As it is necessary to further community support for parents with children, model projects were started in 1993 to provide counselling and guidance to alleviate worries of parents and to develop and assist local child‑care circles to support child‑care in the family through their nursing activities.", "6. Article 6", "Concerning this article, the previous reports gave an outline of the Anti‑Prostitution Law and other legal provisions, cases cleared up concerning prostitution‑related crimes, control of prostitution and awareness‑raising activities with respect to the dignity of the sexes so as to prevent prostitution. This report provides information on the total number of cases cleared up and the number of such cases by provisions of the related laws as well as protection and rehabilitation measures for those women who need them, which were not included in the previous reports.", "(a) Cases cleared up concerning prostitution‑related crimes", "Changes in the number of cases cleared up in relation to the prostitution‑related crimes by applied provisions are shown in table 40 in the annex.", "In 1992, of 6,516 such cases, offences against the Anti‑Prostitution Law amounted to 6,315 or more than 96 per cent of all such cases. Among those, major offences are solicitation (article 5; 477 cases), procurement (article 6; 3,285 cases), contracts to make a person prostitute (article 10; 2,311 cases) and furnishing of places (article 11; 143 cases). Others include 122 cases under the Child Welfare Law, 63 cases under the Employment Security Law and 16 cases under the Criminal Code.", "(b) Protection and rehabilitation of women who need protection", "(i) Women's Consultative Offices", "Women's Consultative Offices are established in every prefecture under article 34 of the Anti‑Prostitution Law. Those offices, as a core institution for protection and rehabilitation, provide professional counselling and guidance, conduct survey and judgement and extend temporary protection to those women who are feared will commit prostitution in view of their conduct and environmental factors.", "(ii) Women's Consultants", "Women's Consultants are part‑time officials of the local governments. Under article 35 of the Anti‑Prostitution Law, it is compulsory for prefectural governments and is optional for municipal governments to appoint such consultants. Their task is to find those women who need protection, provide counselling on their problems concerning their life, work, health, application for women's protective institutions (as explained below), families and other surrounding factors, and conduct necessary guidance and arrangements including recommendation to the related facilities.", "(iii) Women's protective institutions", "Women's protective institutions accommodate those women who need protection based on the decisions of the Chief of women's consultative offices and give guidance on life and work to achieve independence and rehabilitation of the women under their protection. Those institutions also keep close contact and cooperate with other related organizations by holding meetings with counselling centres, welfare offices and public employment security offices in order to facilitate rehabilitation guidance for the women under their protection.", "Article 36 of the Anti‑Prostitution Law stipulates that prefectural governments may establish such protective institutions as well as municipal governments and other organizations including social welfare juridical persons. In April 1965, in order to accommodate those women who have difficulty in rehabilitation at ordinary facilities, Kanita Women's Village (a protection facility for long‑term accommodation) was established. As of 1 October 1991, there were 53 women's protective institutions with a capacity of 1,742 people, 754 women under protection and 559 staff members.", "7. Article 7 (a)", "(a)Increase of female Diet members and the inauguration of the first woman Speaker of the House of Representatives", "After submission of the second report, elections of the House of Councillors and the House of Representatives were held in July 1992 and in July 1993, respectively. As the result of those elections, the number of women members in the House of Councillors increased from 34 to 37, and in the House of Representatives from 12 to 14. As of the end of July 1993, including the members who hold their seats by replacement, there are 14 women in the House of Representatives and 38 women in the House of Councillors, with the total of 52 women Diet members. It is for the first time that women in the Diet have exceeded 50. Women account for 6.8 per cent (6.1 per cent in March 1992; 6.5 per cent in July 1992) of the 763 Diet seats.", "Furthermore, on 6 August 1993, a woman was elected to serve as the sixty‑eighth Speaker of the House of Representatives for the first time in the history of Japan.", "(b) Appointment of female Ministers", "In December 1992, Prime Minister Miyazawa reshuffled his cabinet and appointed a woman to be minister (Minister of Education) and another woman to be vice‑minister (Parliamentary Vice‑Minister of Labour).", "In August 1993, Prime Minister Hosokawa appointed in his cabinet three women to ministerial posts (Minister of Education, Director‑General of the Economic Planning Agency and Director‑General of the Environment Agency), which is the largest number in history, and two women to vice‑ministers (Parliamentary Vice‑Minister of Management and Co‑ordination and Parliamentary Vice‑Minister of Science and Technology).", "(c) Women in national advisory bodies", "As of the end of March 1993, the proportion of women in national advisory councils exceeded 10 per cent for the first time to be 10.4 per cent. In general, there are three categories of members in those councils: members designated subject to their official posts, members recommended by related organizations and other members. Women accounted for 2.7 per cent of the members designated subject to their posts, 4.8 per cent of the members recommended by organizations and 12.8 per cent of other members. The low proportion in the first category is a result of a small number of women in the senior public posts, and therefore is related to the recruitment and promotion of women in the civil service. As the proportion of women in the members recommended by organizations is also low, the Chief Cabinet Secretary made requests for 300‑odd organizations to consider recommending more women candidates. In July 1993, the first Minister for Women's Affairs issued a request for cooperation in recommending more women candidates to advisory councils and promoting women in their own organizations.", "(d)Proportion of women in local assemblies, administrative heads and advisory bodies of the local governments", "(i) Women in local assemblies", "The number of women in local assemblies shows a slight increase. As of December 1992, there were 2,158 women out of 65,360 members, or 3.3 per cent of all members of prefectural and municipal assemblies (3.2 per cent in December 1991).", "(ii) Women as the heads of the local governments", "As of the end of December 1992, there were 3,259 municipalities. Since the first women town mayor was elected in 1955, a maximum of three women town mayors were incumbent at one time. In 1991 and 1992, respectively, a woman was elected as city mayor. As of 1 July 1993, there are two women city mayors and one woman town mayor. There are no women among the heads of 47 prefectures and 12 designated cities.", "(iii)Women as the deputy heads of governments of prefectures and of designated cities", "As for vice‑governors and deputy mayors who are appointed by heads of local governments in the 47 prefectures and 12 designated cities, two women were appointed to vice‑governors (including Vice‑Governor of Tokyo) and another to deputy mayor for the first time in 1991. In the following year, the third woman vice‑governor assumed office. As of February 1993, there are three women vice‑governors and one woman deputy mayor.", "(iv) Women in advisory bodies of local governments", "Prefectures and designated cities are also making efforts to increase women's representation in their advisory councils. In 1992, the proportion of women in statutory advisory councils was 9.6 per cent.", "8. Article 7 (b)", "Since the previous report, service areas for female Self‑Defence Force (SDF) personnel and female police officers have expanded.", "(a) Expansion of service areas for female (SDF) personnel (uniformed)", "The Defence Agency has upheld the policy not to deploy female SDF personnel in the areas of direct exposure to combat, supporting areas to a combat force on the front line, and areas that require extra physical strength. However, in view of the recent advancement of women following the enforcement of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law and examples of activities of women in foreign countries and other factors, the Defence Agency has reviewed its policy on the deployment of female SDF personnel in order to expand their service areas and utilize their potentials.", "Consequently, all posts of the Ground, Maritime and Air SDF, except those posts to which the deployments of female SDF personnel are restricted for the time being for the sake of protection of motherhood and other reasons, are opened to female personnel. In particular, women are admitted to the Maritime and Air SDF as Student Airmen and allowed to take examinations of Student Airmen from 1993.", "(b)Active recruitment of female police officers and expansion of job areas", "The police force is promoting active recruitment of female police officers and expansion of such job areas in order to appropriately address increasingly complicated and diversified police cases and to conduct police work utilizing women's faculties. The number of prefectures that have started recruitment of female police officers is rapidly increasing. Four prefectures started recruitment of women in 1991, and 10 in 1992. As of 1 April 1993, there are approximately 5,400 female police officers working in 45 prefectures (600 more than the previous year). Two more prefectures are scheduled to start recruiting women from 1993, and from 1994 all prefectures are expected to have female police officers working in their police force. The job areas are also expanding to various fields including criminal investigation, identification, analysis of information, escorting and guarding VIPs and security as well as traffic control, juvenile guidance, detention of women suspects and public relations. The promotion of women to senior management posts is also under way: in March 1990, a female officer was promoted to police superintendent for the first time.", "9. Article 8", "(a) Participation of women in international conferences", "The number of women in official delegations to international conferences is on a gradual increase. Since 1975, women representatives and alternates have participated in the following international conferences:", "United Nations General Assembly (representative, alternate)", "Special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament (representative)", "Economic and Social Council (alternate)", "Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) (Head of delegation, alternate)", "Conference on the Law of the Sea (alternate)", "United Nations Commission on Transnational Corporations (representative)", "United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (representative, alternate)", "United Nations Conference on an International Code of Conduct on the Transfer of Technology (alternate)", "World Assembly on Ageing (representative)", "International Conference on Population (alternate)", "World Conference on Women (head of delegation, representative, alternate)", "General Conference of the International Labour Organisation (representative, alternate, advisor)", "General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (representative, advisor)", "Universal Postal Conference (alternate)", "Executive Board of the United Nations Children Fund (representative)", "Special session of the General Assembly on economy (alternate)", "Conference on International Justice (representative)", "United Nations Commission on Human Settlements (representative)", "United Nations Environment Programme (representative)", "In addition, a woman representative and two women advisors attended the World Conference on Human Rights held in June 1993.", "(b) Participation of women in international organizations", "(i) International organizations", "The proportion of women in the Japanese staff in the United Nations Secretariat jumped up from 12 per cent at the end of June 1978 to 47 per cent at the end of June 1993.", "The number of Japanese women in professional posts in major international organizations, including the United Nations, shows a considerable increase from 19 in 1975 to more than 170 in 1992. As of the end of 1992, there are several Japanese women working in senior management posts including Mrs. Sadako Ogata, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Director of Personnel at UNESCO, Director of the Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Resident Representative of United Nations Development Programme in Bangladesh, and Deputy Executive Secretary of ESCAP Secretariat.", "(ii) Women ambassadors", "Japan has had four women ambassadors, one of whom is the incumbent ambassador to Kenya.", "10. Article 9", "There have been no developments worthy of note since the second report.", "11. Article 10", "(a)New projects for promoting gender equality in National Women's Education Centre", "Since 1991, the National Women's Education Centre has started convening the \"Joint Forum for Women and Men\" for leaders of various organizations to promote joint participation of men and women and to provide opportunities to exchange information and enhance research and consultations to promote life-long learning.", "Since 1992, the Centre has conducted programme studies for correcting stereotyped role concepts among young men and women to research and study on subjects and methods of learning that contribute to a change in the concept of gender equality. The Centre also convenes home education study seminars with the theme of \"family education in the era of a few children\".", "Since 1993, the Centre has deployed two researchers to strengthen its research and study function.", "(b) Making home economics compulsory for men and women", "As reported in the second report, according to the new Courses of Study (revised in 1989), the same curriculum of home economics for both boys and girls has been implemented in junior high schools (from 1993), and is scheduled to be implemented in high schools from 1994. Various measures are being promoted for the smooth introduction of the curriculum.", "Following the above, related description in textbooks are being elaborated.", "12. Article 11 (a)-(c)", "(a) Implementation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law", "Following the enforcement of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law, many companies improved their personnel management to comply with the statutory requirements. As the understanding of the purpose of the law is steadily deepening, there is a growing atmosphere in society to utilize women's potentials while women themselves become more conscious of their work. However, there still remain problems including the existence of recruitment and hiring of \"men only\" especially in case of engineers. As improvements in practice lag behind the improvements in systems, ensuring de facto equality is a task to be fulfilled.", "The Ministry of Labour conducts awareness-raising activities in various occasions in order to promote understanding of the purpose of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law and to ensure equal treatment for men and women. In particular, during the Equal Employment Opportunity Month in June, the Ministry conducts an intensive public relations campaign including convening of a national conference.", "In addition to the measures already implemented such as guidance, assistance and consultation by Women's and Young Workers' Offices and promotion of self-check by business establishments, measures to ensure equal employment opportunities for new school leavers have started from 1993 in order to ensure effective implementation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law. Since there are concerns over the alleged tighter restrictions on recruitment of female students than male students as an increasing number of companies are taking labour adjustment measures including refraining from new recruitment due to the recent recession, the Ministry has established special consulting sections in some of the Women's and Young Workers' Offices and made a request to the employers' associations to enhance understanding of the objective of the law and to ensure that female and male students have equal opportunities on recruitment and employment.", "In April 1993, Women's and Young Workers' Problems Council started considering effective measures to enhance further the understanding of the purpose of the law, including the possibility of reviewing the laws and guidelines. The Council is also considering relaxation of the restrictions to protect women except those on maternal protection under the Labour Standards Law in order to ensure equal opportunity and treatment between men and women in employment, with a view to realizing the same legal framework for men and women.", "(b) Principle of equal pay for equal work for men and women", "Concerning the principle of equal pay for equal work for men and women, Article 4 of the Labour Standards Law prohibits wage discrimination based only on sex. The Ministry has been endeavouring to ensure the implementation of the provision through supervision of and guidance to establishments.", "(c)Proposal to review the social system for full utilization of women's professional potentials", "Under the present framework of the tax and social security system, many women part-time workers limit their work hours to keep their income within a certain amount in order to be treated as dependants of their spouses. In such cases, the potential of women is not fully utilized. Therefore, in July 1993, Women's and Young Workers Problems Council (an advisory body to the Minister of Labour) submitted to the Minister of Finance, Minister of Health and Welfare, Minister of Labour and Minister of Home Affairs, a proposal on the review of the social system for full utilization of women's professional potentials including tax and social security systems surrounding married women with a view to utilizing women as a basic labour force.", "(d) Enactment and enforcement of the Child-care Leave Law", "In order to promote compatibility of work and family responsibility, the Child-care Leave Law for employees in the private sector was enacted in May 1991, and other laws for the various public sector employees were enacted in December 1991, all of which went into force in April 1992. Under these laws, parents of children under one year old, either mothers or fathers, may take child-care leave.", "In order to promote the application of the Child-care Leave Law in the private sector, it is necessary to advocate the purpose and contents of the law. The Ministry of Labour conducts intensive awareness-raising activities in the \"Month for Harmonization of Work and Child-care\", and also takes every opportunity to publicize the purpose and contents of the law.", "In 1992, the Ministry established \"Subsidy for the Implementation of Programmes to Facilitate the Return to Work by Workers after Child-care Leave\", a system to provide subsidies to the employers who implement appropriate measures to provide information to, and to maintain and improve the vocational adaptability and capability of those workers who take child-care leave in the private sector in order to help them resume work smoothly. The Ministry makes efforts to enhance the child-care leave by utilizing the said system. In addition, the problem of financial support to those who take child-care leave is now under consideration in the relevant council. The state of the implementation for the Child-care Leave Law in the private sector is now under investigation.", "In addition, in conjunction with the enforcement of the Law, measures are taken to facilitate mid-term entry of children into child-care centres from May 1992.", "(e) Promotion of family-care leave scheme", "There is a strong need for strengthening measures to support workers who are caring for family members to fulfil their responsibility in work as well as in the family. In July 1992, the Government formulated \"Guidelines for the Family-care Leave Scheme\" to promote introduction of family-care leave and the measures concerned in line with the guidelines through guidance to the employees and the employers. In particular, intensive public relations activities, including a symposium on work and family-care, are carried out around 15 September, the Respect-for-the-Aged Day, to enhance effective awareness-raising.", "(f) Subsidies to set up company creches", "In 1993, the Ministry of Labour began to provide subsidies to those employers who set up and operate child-care facilities in their business establishments or start to operate such facilities by renting with a view to encouraging opening of such facilities.", "(g) Assisting employment of working women", "From 1991, the Ministry of Labour commissioned the Japan Institute of Workers Evolution to implement the project to assist employment of working women (2020 Telephone) to provide counselling on child-care, family-care and housekeeping to enable women workers with family responsibilities to enjoy various relevant services when needed, and to help them to continue work and get re‑employed. From 1993, the areas in which the project is implemented are expanded.", "13. Article 12", "Concerning Article 12, information on family planning and measures to combat HIV infection, which were not included in the previous reports, are provided in the following sections.", "(a) Family planning", "The concept of family planning has been promoted by the Government and NGOs since the 1950s, and are now widely known in the country. According to a survey, more than 80 per cent of married women have experiences of family planning of some sort.", "(b) Countermeasures against AIDS/HIV", "(i)Integration of the measures in the New National Plan of Action (First Revision)", "Awareness-raising on emerging issues which affect women's health is one of the practical measures under a policy objective of \"Awareness-raising on the importance of maternity and dignity of sex and protection of maternity\" in the New National Plan of Action (First Revision). Activities to disseminate correct information and raise awareness on such issues as AIDS, drug abuse and alcohol dependency are promoted for both men and women.", "(ii) Implementation of measures to combat AIDS/HIV", "In Japan, the first AIDS case was found in 1985, and the first female AIDS case in 1987. The first case of maternity infection was reported in 1990. Presently, cases of HIV infection are scattered widely in the country, and in most cases the infection was through heterosexual intercourse.", "In February 1987, the ministerial meeting to combat AIDS decided the outline of comprehensive countermeasures against AIDS, which was revised in March 1992. The measures based on the said outlines have been implemented under the collaboration to relevant ministries.", "Individual counselling on AIDS is provided by doctors in the Health Centres established by prefectures and designated cities. In such counselling, doctors advise persons who seem to require them to take HIV tests. If they agree to take HIV tests, such checks are provided free of charge. The HIV tests are available for other individuals if they cover the costs.", "(iii) Awareness-raising on correct information on AIDS", "In addition to various information activities which had already been carried out, the Ministry of Health and Welfare established in October 1992 the Task Force to Stop AIDS Plan presided over by the Minister of Health and Welfare to publicize widely the correct information on AIDS, with the cooperation of local governments and the private sector.", "The Ministry of Education is also actively implementing such measures as producing teaching material and training for teaching staff with a view to teaching correct information on AIDS in schools, eradicating misunderstandings and prejudices against AIDS and nurturing the spirit of human dignity. Information on sex education, which is closely related to AIDS education, was included in the second report.", "Learning opportunities are provided for leaders of social education and local communities in order to promote correct information on AIDS, and subsidies are extended to local governments' classes and courses on AIDS.", "Health Centres also engage in information activities by distributing pamphlets and using videos when carrying out individual counselling.", "14. Article 13", "Amendment to the Enforcement Order for the Coastal Fisheries Improvement Fund Subsidy Law", "A cabinet ordinance concerning an amendment to a part of the Enforcement Order for the law was proclaimed and enacted in September 1992. The purpose is to re‑arrange the fund for aged people out of the Fisher's Living Improvement Fund which prefectural governments lend based on the law to the fund for both women and the aged people as well as to strengthen the fund.", "15. Article 14", "(a)Formulation of the basic direction of new policies for food, agriculture and rural areas", "In June 1992, \"the Basic Direction of New Policies for Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas\" was formulated to indicate issues on food, agriculture and rural policy and future policy directions in response to the emerging social and economic situation. It provides an objective of enhancing clear definition of women's role in agricultural production and revitalizing rural villages.", "(b)Promotion of measures based on The New Rural Women: Towards the Year 2001 (the report of a Round-table Meeting on a Medium- and Long-term Vision for Rural Women)", "In recognition of the important role of women in agriculture and rural community, the Round-table Meeting on a Medium- and Long-term Vision for Rural Women formulated in June 1992 a report \"The New Rural Women: Towards the Year 2001\", which indicates future visions of rural women and basic direction of measures to be implemented to achieve such visions.", "The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is to implement various measures in line with the medium- and long-term visions.", "(c) Practical measures", "In order to implement new policies and the vision, the Government, local governments and agricultural organizations are to promote measures in cooperation with each other with a focus on (i) consideration of clear definition of women's role in management, (ii) promotion of participation of women in decision-making, (iii) reducing the burden of work and improvement of favourable working conditions, (iv) training of women to improve their ability in agricultural technology and management, and (v) review of the status of women who engage in agriculture under the Farmers' Pension System.", "16. Article 15", "There are no developments worthy of note since the second report.", "17. Article 16", "Review of marriage-related laws", "Part 4 (Family) and Part 5 (Inheritance) of the Civil Code underwent overall review after the Second World War following the enactment of the Constitution which prescribes equality of men and women and respect for individuality. Minor amendments were also made in those provisions several times. In 1987, another amendment was made to review the adoption of children including introduction of the so-called special adoption scheme.", "The Legislative Council, the advisory body to the Minister of Justice, has a subcommittee to review provisions in the Civil Code relating to the family and inheritance. In January 1991, the subcommittee resumed its consideration to review Chapter 2 (Marriage) in Part 4 (Family) as the next item on the agenda. Such issues as minimal age for marriage, appropriateness of reviewing the prohibition of women's re-marriage in a certain period and surnames of married couples are now under consideration.", "The Ministry of Justice published an interim report on provisions pertaining to marriage and divorce, and asked for opinions from various circles by the middle of May 1993.", "At present, the subcommittee continues its deliberation taking into account the opinions submitted by various bodies.", "Apart from the above, there is no development worthy of note since the second report." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]Change tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "CEDAW/C/JPN/3", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS. COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF", "DISCRIMINATION AGAINST", "WOMEN (CEDAW)", "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES", "IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 18 OF THE CONVENTION", "Third periodic report of States parties", "JAPAN", "For the initial report of the Government of Japan, see CEDAW/C/5/Add.48, Amend.1 and Corr.1;CEDAW/C/SR.109 and CEDAW/C/SR.111, and Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-third Session, Supplement No. 38 (A/43/38), paras. 232-289.", "Introduction", "1.This is Japan's third periodic report to be submitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations in accordance with Article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (hereinafter referred to as the \"Convention\") ratified by the Government of Japan in 1985.", "2.Japan submitted its initial report (CEDAW/C/5/Add.48) in March 1987 and considered it at the seventh session of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in 1988.The second report of the Committee (CEDAW/C/JPN/2) was submitted in February 1992 and is due to be considered at the thirteenth session of the Committee in 1994.", "3.This report covers developments in the implementation of the Convention in Japan for the period of approximately two years from July 1991 (when the second report was drafted) to September 1993, and includes other information not included in the previous ones.The report also provides information on the current situation of women in Japan in Part I.", "4.Following the submission of the second report to the Secretary-General, the Government of Japan held a meeting of the members of the Advisory Board to the President of the Centre for the Planning and Promotion of Policies on Women for instruction and comment on the report.It also distributed the Japanese version to the concerned members of the Diet, political parties, major women's organizations, journalists, local government women's services and interested individuals.", "The comments of various women ' s groups and academics on the second report were taken into account in the preparation of the present report, and the Advisory Board was consulted on the content of the report.", "The Advisory Council is a private body to advise the Prime Minister, who is the President of the Centre for Planning and Policy Promotion for Women, the national forum for the promotion of general measures for women in Japan.The Advisory Council is composed of experts on the status of women and includes representatives of national women's organizations, universities, journalism, trade unions and various women's groups.", "5.Japan was a party to the Convention and was committed to continuing its efforts to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women in order to achieve real equality between men and women.", "PART I SITUATION OF WOMEN IN JAPAN", "1.Population and vital statistics", "In 1992, Japan's population was about 124.45 million, of which 63.36 million were women and 61.1 million men.Women were 2.26 million more than men and represented 50.9 per cent of the total population.", "Japan is moving rapidly towards an older society, and this trend is most clearly reflected in its female population.In 1992, women accounted for 59.4% of the 65+ age group, and this percentage is expected to remain roughly the same.", "In 1992, life expectancy at birth was 82.22 years for women and 76.09 years for men.Japan is leading the world in life expectancy, both men and women.", "The number of live births in 1992 was about 1.209.000 for a birth rate of 9.8 (per 1,000 persons).The annual number of live births and the crude birth rate have declined, so that the total fertility rate (the average number of children born to each woman in accordance with the fertility rate of a given period: the total fertility rate by age for women aged 15 to 49) was only 1.50, less than the previous year, which had previously held the lowest level in history, at 1.53.The low birth rate is largely due to the remarkable increase in the proportion of young single women aged 20 to 30 years.One of the factors that would be responsible for this phenomenon would be that women do not feel that the current social structures make the condition of a housewife and mother less restrictive, while their economic situation is improving and they can now choose between different lifestyles.", "In 1992, there were 754.441 marriages, a marriage rate of 6.1 (per 1,000 persons), which is an increase over 1990.The average age at first marriage was 26.0 for women and 28.4 for men, and this age is constantly falling.", "Divorce was 179.191 in 1992, with divorce rates of 1.45 (per 1,000 persons), and numbers and rates have increased only since 1990.In particular, there has been an increase in divorces between long-married people.", "Household size is decreasing: in 1990, the average number of people per household fell below 3, with 2,99.", "The household characteristics in 1970 were as follows: 76.7% were made up of a head of household and one or more members, and 23.1% of a single person;26.4% had a member aged 65 or older, and this percentage is increasing.", "The maternal mortality rate in 1991 was 9.0 per 100,000 births (compared with a post-war record rate of 178.8 in 1955).The infant mortality rate in 1992 was 4.0 per 1,000 births for girls and 5.0 for boys (compared with a record of 72.0 for girls and 81.0 for boys in 1947).Both rates are at a very low level.", "During 1992, 493 new cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were reported (excluding cases of blood products), a significant increase from 238 cases in the previous year.Apart from cases of blood product infection, more women (291) than men (202) were infected with HIV in 1992.The actual number of AIDS and HIV-positive people is 8.7 times the number reported.", "In 1991, about 2,948,000 children/persons were disabled, of whom 1,150,000 were women and 1,502.000 men were treated at home.The number of mentally disabled persons was approximately 385,000, of whom 111,000 were women and 158,000 men were treated at home.", "2.Education", "In 1992, the secondary school enrolment rate was 96.2 per cent for girls (93.9 per cent for boys), higher than that of boys since 1969.The percentage of girls entering university or higher education institutions is also increasing: in 1992, it was 40.8 per cent for girls and 37.0 per cent for boys, and the rate of girls has been higher than that of boys since 1989.In terms of university enrolment rates, in 1992 the rates were 17.3 per cent for girls and 35.2 per cent for boys.There is still a gap between boys and girls, but this gap narrows from 1980 (12.3 per cent for girls and 39.3 per cent for boys).", "The proportions of women in university courses show that women were the majority of those in household education (98.3%), arts (66.8 percent), literature (66.4%) and education (54.8 percent).Among the courses where the rate of women enrolled was low, there was a considerable increase over 1980 in social sciences (17.4 per cent compared to 8.2 per cent) and agriculture (26.9 per cent compared to 11.5 per cent) and a very slight increase in science (19.8 per cent compared to 15.9 per cent), and technology (5.5 per cent compared to 1.5 per cent).", "In 1992, there were 8.141 women teaching staff in undergraduate academic institutions (6.320 in 1980), representing 38.5 per cent of the total teaching staff (38.6 per cent in 1980).Compared to 1980, there was an increase in numbers, but the percentage remained the same.Among university teaching staff, women were 12,380 in 1992 (8.630 in 1980), representing 9.6% of teaching staff (8.4 per cent in 1980).Compared to 1980, both the number and percentage have increased.", "In 1992, the employment rate of undergraduate graduates was 86.8% for women and 70.6% for men, while that of university graduates was 80.4% for women and 79.7% for men.In both cases, the rates were higher for women than for men.Among graduates, with the exception of those who continue their studies, the percentage of those who find employment has increased, both for men and women, over the past decade.Women in particular are increasing significantly.For undergraduate graduates, it was 89.9% for women and 81.3% for men, and for university graduates, 84.9% for women and 89.4% for men.", "3.Employment", "The female labour force in Japan (the sum of those who work and those who do not) is on the increase: in 1992, it was 26.790.000, or 40.7 per cent of the total labour force.In 1992, women working were 26.190,000 and the unemployed 600,000, with an unemployment rate of 2.2% (which was 2.1% for men).", "The female participation rate in the world of work (percentage of the labour force aged 15 and over) is also increasing: in 1992, it was 57.7% (compared with a participation rate of 77.9% for men).Female participation rates in the world of work by age groups show a M-shaped curve, with rates at both peaks for women aged 20-24 (75.6 per cent) and 45-49 (72.0 per cent) and, at the bottom, for women aged 30-34 (52.7 per cent).This shows that many Japanese women stop working to get married and have children, and then return to work later, once the children are raised.The curve hollow, however, tends to rise.", "The participation rates in the labour force by marital status are as follows: in 1992, 57.4% in the non-married group, 52.9% in the married group and 32.7% in the divorced and widowed group.Of the 26,190,000 women who worked, 19.740,000 were female employees (75.4% of the total female workforce), 2.630,000 were self-employed (10.0 percent) and 3.750,000 were female family workers (14.3 percent).While the percentage of female employees continues to increase, the percentage of self-employed and female family workers is decreasing.", "By sector of activity, the distribution of female labour is as follows: in 1992, 6.180,000 women (31.3 per cent of the female labour force) worked in services, 5.38,000 in retail and catering (27.3 per cent) and 4.94,000 in manufacturing (25 per cent).For example, 83.6% of the female workforce was employed in these three sectors.Compared with 1980, the share of employment in manufacturing has declined and the share of services, retail trade and catering has increased.", "By occupation, the situation in 1992 was as follows: 6.890.000 were clerical workers, 3.850.000 skilled and other workers in the manufacturing and construction sectors, 2.710.000 were professional or technical, 2.51,000 were salesmen and 2.220.000 worked in security and services.", "Women are also the majority in clerical work (59.3%), as well as security and services (52.6 percent).The percentage of women in management positions has increased, although only marginally, from 5.1% in 1980 to 7.9% in 1992.", "The average length of working life of women was 7.4 years in 1992.This is less than for men (12.5 years), but it is more than the 6.1 years of 1980.", "With regard to the gender pay gap, excluding part-time employees (whose hours worked per day or week are less than those of a regular worker in a given establishment), the reported wages of female employees represent 61.5% of those of men.This can be explained as follows:", "In Japan, work is usually started immediately after school leaving and salary increases are obtained based on experience and skills acquired in the company.For this reason, the wages of female workers, who generally have shorter working lives than men, as mentioned above, are generally lower.", "When one considers the salary of a regular worker (a person who starts working at the end of school and continues to do so for the same employer) from the point of view of the level of education in order to compare the wages of men and women under the same age and working life conditions, it is found that among high school graduates, women aged 20 to 30 earn approximately 90% of what men earn and, by the age of 50, where the gap is greatest, the percentage is about 70%.", "Other factors, such as differences in areas of activity and occupation, and the low percentage of women in leadership positions, also play.", "Women do less work than men.In an establishment with 30 or more employees, women worked an average of 150.2 hours per month per person in 1992, compared with 172.2 hours per person per month per person.For both men and women, the number of hours worked was lower than in the previous year.", "The differences between the number of hours worked by men and women are due, for example, to the fact that the regulation of overtime work and the days worked are different for women and the high proportion of women working part-time.", "The number of women unionized has increased from the previous years: in 1992 it was 3.520.000, but the percentage would be only 17.6% and would continue to decline.In contrast, the proportion of women in total union membership increased from 27.6% in 1980 to 28.2% in 1992.", "The number of non-agricultural employees who work less than 35 hours per week (and are therefore \"part-time employees\") is steadily increasing.In 1992, there were 8.680 000 part-time employees, of whom 68.2% were women.Of all women employed, 30.2 per cent were part-time.", "One of the problems that we face today in the field of employment is sexual harassment.Although the concept of sexual harassment is not clearly defined and the situation has not been fully examined, in recent years there have been cases where women have, after being advised on sexual harassment, filed a complaint, and some have won their trials, with the district courts dealing with the case ruling, without going so far as to mention sexual harassment, that there had been a violation of the Civil Code.", "4.Women's situation in agriculture,", "Forestry and Fisheries", "In 1992, 1.810.000 women worked in agriculture, forestry or fishing, almost as many as men (1.940.000), and 74.6% of them worked in family businesses.", "In 1988, 42.3 per cent of these women received a share of agricultural income.64.1% of women reported having financial assets, but only 8.6% reported owning property on their own behalf.", "Since most rural women do not have real estate, the percentage of rural women in farmers' pension funds did not exceed 4.2 per cent in 1992.", "Women's participation in social activities and decision-making in local primary industries remains low, although things are gradually improving.For example, women accounted for only 0.16% of the members of agricultural committees (101 of 62.166) in 1991, 12.2% of (individual) members of agricultural cooperatives (675,000 of 5.526.000) and 0.11% of the management staff of cooperatives (73 of 66.538).In order to promote women ' s participation in the management of cooperatives, some agricultural cooperatives have appointed women to special advisory positions, but they are not statutory posts.", "5.Results of the Gender Equality Opinion Survey", "The Government of Japan conducted an opinion survey on gender equality in November 1992.The question of whether there is equality between men and women in certain fields is only the case in education where a majority of men and women replied \"yes\".In the others, most men and women responded that men are better treated.The trend was more evident in politics (81.7 per cent of women and 73.7 per cent of men) and in social norms, custom and tradition (78.8 per cent of women and 73.3 per cent of men).(See Table 36 in the Appendix).", "On the question of what is most important to achieve equality between men and women in all segments of social life, many men and women replied: \"Women's efforts to emancipate themselves through economic empowerment, education and training\" (28.1% of women and 27.8% of men), and \"reform the rigid prejudices and practices, customs and social traditions of which women are victims\" (26.3% of women and 27.3% of men).(See Table 37 in the Appendix).", "6.Activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), etc.", "(a) Liaison group for the implementation of the resolutions of the Japan Conference on the International Year of Women", "In Japan, many women's organizations and groups are doing a major basic work at the national level.In 1975, 41 national women's organizations cooperated in the organization of the Japan International Conference on the Year of Women, where they adopted resolutions on the formulation of the National Plan of Action and other policies concerning women.These organizations have formed the Liaison Group for the Implementation of the Resolutions of the Japan International Conference on the Year of Women (International Year of Women Liaison Group) and since then the Group has been working to promote the status of women.Petitions were submitted to the President of the Centre (Prime Minister) for the prompt ratification of the Convention and for the promotion of the National Plan of Action for the Year 2000.", "As at 30 September 1991, the Liaison Group comprised 52 organizations.", "(b)Japan Committee of the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)", "With the support of two organizations established by the two designated cities, the Yokohama Women's Association for Networking and Communication and the Kitakyushu Asian Women's Forum, as well as other organizations, the International Year of Women Liaison Group established the UNIFEM Japan Committee in November 1992 and began working with UNIFEM to help women in developing countries improve their living conditions through public relations and fund-raising.", "3) Activities of other NGOs", "In addition to the above-mentioned NGO activities, many women's organizations and groups are studying the Convention and carrying out related activities in various parts of Japan.This covers a wide range of cultural and leisure activities, environmental preservation and improvement of the life of the consumer from the perspective of women, as well as activities aimed at strengthening friendship between Asian countries.These NGOs use their own facilities, as well as women ' s centres and other institutions established for them by local authorities to serve as centres for their activities.Many NGOs form national, prefectural and municipal liaison groups and councils to exchange information and coordinate their joint activities.", "7.Other facts to report", "(a)Provisions of the Civil Code concerning marriage and divorce", "Although married couples are free, under Japanese law, to choose the name of the husband or wife at marriage, 98% of women choose the name of their husband.Since in such cases women are obliged to change their names, which may hinder women in their social activities, the idea has emerged that husbands and wives should be allowed not to use the same name.", "The Legislative Council, which advises the Minister of Justice, is currently considering the provisions of the Civil Code relating to marriage and divorce.One of the issues he is considering is the idea of allowing a married couple to use different names.", "(b)Prostitution and foreign women", "Among women who came to Japan from South-East Asia and other countries as tourists and remained illegally there after the expiry of their residence permits, many, for various reasons, engage in prostitution and other indecent activities.In order to prevent this, the Government Council for Measures to Combat Prostitution submitted a petition to the Prime Minister in April 1990 to strengthen the fight against prostitution and the control of entry and visa;The petition also provided for the strengthening of the system of advice and support and the promotion of economic cooperation for developing countries.Some NGOs are also doing a lot of work to help these women.", "PART II GENERAL FACTS", "1.Appointment of the Minister for Women's Affairs", "When Prime Minister Miyazawa reorganized his Cabinet in December 1992, he appointed the Prime Secretary of the Cabinet to serve as Minister of State for the Status of Women with the task of coordinating the measures implemented by the competent administrations to promote the status of women effectively.", "In January 1993, the Minister attended the Women's Leaders' Meeting of Japan to exchange views with participants on women's needs.The Minister has also sought to promote women's participation in policy-making, as mentioned below.In the Hosokawa Cabinet, established on 9 August 1993, the Prime Secretary of the Cabinet was also appointed Minister for Women.", "2.Structure of the Centre for Planning and Promotion", "of Policies and Priorities concerning Women", "The organization and mandate of the Centre are as follows:", "Administrative Organization for the Advancement of Women as at 15 August 1993", "Centre for Planning and Promotion of Policy on Women", "Advisers", "Special", "(5)", "Representative:", "Vacant post", "Deputy:", "Mr.Kyujiro Okina", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "President: Prime Minister", "Vice-President:", "Minister of State,", "First Secretary to the Cabinet", "Minister of State", "Female", "Members:", "Deputy Ministers of the Ministries", "Departments", "Advisory Board to the President of the Centre for Planning and Promotion of Policies concerning Women (34)", "Chair: Yoko Nighta", "Vice-President: Isamu Miyazaki", "Members : Men and women of great erudition", "Office of Women ' s Affairs", "Office of the Prime Minister", "Director: Ministerial Adviser on the Status of Women", "Division/Services of Women's Affairs of Prefectural Administrations and of the 12 Major Cities", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "Office of the Prime Minister", "Department of National Police", "Agency for the Management and Coordination of", "Hokkaido Development Agency", "Department of Defence", "Department of Economic Planning", "Department of Science and Technology", "Department of Environment", "Okinawa Development Agency", "National Land Ownership Agency", "", "Ministry of Justice", "Ministry of Foreign Affairs", "Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Education", "Ministry of Health and Social Welfare", "Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries", "Ministry of International Trade and Industry", "Ministry of Transport", "Ministry of Post and Telecommunications", "Ministry of Labour", "Ministry of Building", "Ministry of Internal Affairs", "The mandates are as follows:", "(a)The Centre: Liaise with relevant government agencies and promote the implementation of measures to improve the status of women, including the incorporation into national policy of the decisions adopted at the World Conference to Review and Appraise the Results of the United Nations Decade for Women, held in Nairobi, as well as the measures to be taken to implement the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.", "(b)Special Advisers: To participate in monitoring the implementation of measures concerning women, observing the evolution of the status of women and, if necessary, measures initiated by the Centre.", "(c)Advisory Board: Collect and present opinions for planning and promoting measures for women.", "(d)Strengthening of the Centre:In July 1993, the Centre decided to strengthen its structures to promote active and joint participation of men and women in society in order to demonstrate the direction of the measures to be taken by the Government, detailed in Part Three, under heading 2, Article 3.", "3.The new National Action Plan for 2000", "(First revision)", "The first medium-term plan for the implementation of the concrete measures of the National Plan of Action for the Advancement of Women for the period 2000 (in 1987) had expired in 1990, and since recommendations to improve the pace of implementation of the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women had been adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, the Centre had, for the first time, in May 1991, revised the new Plan of Action.", "The overall objective of the revised Plan is \"the creation of a society with active and common participation of men and women\".The revised Plan is structured around the following five core objectives, each of which identifies 16 priority objectives:", "(a) Increase awareness of gender equality.", "(b) To ensure that men and women participate actively together and on an equal footing in the life of society.", "(c) Improving conditions that allow women to make wider choices in life.", "(d) Provide social protection for older women.", "(e) Promoting international cooperation and contribution to peace.", "In accordance with the revised Plan, the promotion of basic measures will be required by the year 2000, and that of concrete measures by 1995.", "The main items revised are as follows:", "(a) Increase the percentage of women in national councils and advisory committees to about 15 per cent in 1995;the target date was advanced by five years from the initial plan.", "(b) Review the legal provisions of the Civil Code relating to marriage and divorce, including those requiring married couples to use the same surname.", "(c) Promoting the role of women in development.", "(d) Establish a committee to strengthen the Centre's structures.", "4.Main measures taken by the Government,", "including legal provisions", "From the submission of the second periodic report until September 1993, the following legal and other measures have been implemented, some of which will be further elaborated in Part Three.", "(a)Obligation of boys and girls in primary and secondary education to attend domestic education", "The same domestic education programme for boys and girls will be introduced in secondary schools, after having been introduced in primary and lower secondary schools.Thus, from 1994, domestic education will have become compulsory for boys and girls in all primary and secondary schools.", "(b) Entry into force of legislation on parental leave", "The legislation on parental leave for both sexes, both in the public and private sectors, came into force on 1 April 1992.", "(c)Promulgation of legislation to improve the management of part-time employees", "The Act on the Improvement of the Management of Part-Time Employees, which aims to ensure appropriate working conditions for part-time employees, was enacted in June 1993.", "(d) Amendment of the Labour Standards Act", "The bill to reduce the statutory working hours to 40 hours per week became law in June 1993.", "(e) Formulation of the Second Guidance Plan on Social Protection for Working Women", "The Second Guidance Plan on Social Protection for Women Workers was formulated on the basis of the principle of equality before employment and published in April 1992.", "(f) Formulation of guidelines for family leave", "Since care for family members had become a serious problem for those working, the Ministry of Labour had issued guidelines on family leave in July 1992 to encourage employers to improve their social protection systems, particularly with regard to family leave.", "(g)Promulgation of the law on improving the management of health personnel", "In order to achieve a comprehensive and systematic improvement in the social protection of health workers, the Act on the Improvement of the Management of Health Personnel, promulgated in May 1992, entered into force in July 1992.", "(h)Amendment of the Family Allowances Act", "The recent demographic changes and changes in the environment of the child and the family have resulted in the amendment of the Family Allowances Act;It entered into force in January 1992 with a view to strengthening social assistance for up-to-date generations and families with children.", "(i) Promulgation of the Act on the Promotion of Nurses", "In order to provide the health and medical services to nurses and other staff required, the Act on the Promotion of Nurses was enacted in June 1992 and entered into force in November 1992.", "(j)Amendment of the Enforcement Decree to the Inshore Fisheries Improvement Fund Grant Act", "A Ministerial Order amending part of the Enforcement Order was promulgated in September 1992.The aim is to re-engineer the Fund for the Elderly from the Fund for the Improvement of the Living Conditions of Fishermen, which the prefectural administrations lend under the Act to the Fund for Women and the Elderly, and to strengthen the Fund.", "(k) Interim report on the provisions of the Civil Code relating to marriage and divorce", "The \"Progress Report on the Problems of the Provisions of the Civil Code Relating to Marriage and Divorce\" was published in December 1992 to solicit views from various circles.", "5.Public relations, awareness-raising activities", "and dissemination of information", "(a) Designation of days, weeks and months for the advancement of women", "In order to improve the status of women and achieve de facto equality between men and women, the Government of Japan has decided that certain days, weeks and months will be devoted to informing the public about government action and its objectives, as well as the need to eliminate gender stereotypes.On this occasion, various awareness-raising activities are organized throughout the country, including national conferences, seminars and advisory services.The main ones are:", "Days, weeks or", "designated months", "Date", "", "Ministries and departments", "organizers", "Women's Day in Fishermen's Villages", "10 March", "Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries", "Women's Week", "10 - 16 April", "Ministry of Labour", "Nursing Week", "A week including May 12 (Nursing Day)", "Ministry of Health and Social Welfare", "Equal Opportunities in Employment Month", "June", "Ministry of Labour", "Week of the elderly", "", "15 - 21 September", "", "Management and Coordination Agency", "Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, etc.", "Month of harmonization of work and child care", "October", "Ministry of Labour", "Part-time workers' departure", "1 - 10 November", "Ministry of Labour", "Human Rights Week", "4 - 10 December", "Ministry of Justice", "Campaign for the improvement of public morality", "Two weeks including May 24 (Anniversary of the Prostitution Act)", "Office of the Prime Minister, Department of the National Police, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, and Ministry of Labour", "b) Publication of white papers", "The Prime Minister's Office issued the second report on the implementation of the new National Plan of Action (First Revision) for a society with active and joint participation of men and women in December 1992.The third report will be issued in 1993.The Ministry of Labour also publishes \"The situation of women workers\" annually.In addition, some ministries inform the general public of government policy and its objectives through the publication of various white papers, such as the White Paper on Education, the Annual Report on Health and Social Protection, the Annual Report on National Life, the White Paper on Crime, the White Paper on Youth and the White Paper on Labour.", "(c)Public relations and media awareness", "The Government of Japan is conducting various media outreach activities through newspapers, magazines, television and radio to improve the status of women and to create a society with active and joint participation of men and women.", "d)Dissemination of information by VINET", "In July 1991, the Information Centre of the National Centre for Women's Education launched VINET, a computer-based system for researching information on women and the family.To date, the Centre has developed four bibliographic databases (books, local government publications, Japanese periodical articles and newspaper articles) and three databases on educational opportunities (education programmes for local government employees, women's centres and organizations, and programmes on women's issues).As at 30 June 1993, the Centre provided information to 174 community education institutions, prefectural education offices and governors' offices, research institutes, including universities, and centres and facilities for women throughout the country.", "The Centre is also working to establish a network of interested foreign and national organizations and services, groups and individuals, through the creation, distribution and exchange of various information materials.", "(e)Other activities", "Activities of the Advisory Board to the President of the Centre", "In addition to providing opinions in the formulation of the National Action Plan, for example, the Advisory Council to the President of the Centre operates through three committees: the Committee on Information, the Committee of NGOs and Local Authorities and the Committee on Research and Study.About once a month, the Committee on Information organizes conferences for Diet members, government officials, major women's organizations, journalists, etc. on current issues and issues related to women, with experts from Japan and abroad such as Sharon Capling-Alakija, who leads UNIFEM, and Margaret Shields, who heads the United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW).The Committee also invites representatives who attended meetings of the Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Commission on the Status of Women to give lectures on those meetings at the end of March.", "The NGO/Local Government Committee conducted a survey on the work of local governments against women in July 1992, following the survey in February 1990.The results were published in September 1993.", "Conferences and meetings organized by the Centre", "Since 1979, the Centre has organized a regional public forum on women's issues each year to publicize and promote the new National Plan of Action (First Revision) for the establishment of a society with active and common participation of men and women.It has also convened a National Conference several times since the first conference was held in 1980, and it has been holding a National Conference every year since 1990.In addition, the Centre has convened annually since 1977 a meeting of the Directors of Divisions of Women's Affairs of local governments and, since 1987, regional meetings of these directors in several neighbourhoods for liaison with local governments.", "(f)Activities of local authorities", "Local authorities are also promoting measures concerning women.As at 30 September 1993, all 47 prefectures and 12 designated cities had divisions/services for planning, liaison and coordination of women's issues, and had formulated action plans for the advancement of women and established advisory bodies to report on public opinion.They also take measures in connection with these action plans to establish centres and other institutions for women (in 40 local governments, as at 30 April 1993, including those under construction), promote women's participation in decision-making planning, raise awareness and public information activities.There are, however, considerable differences between local governments in this regard.", "PART THREE", "1.Article 2", "The latest developments concerning the application of the Equal Employment Opportunities Act will be reported on Article 11.With regard to this provision, the following sections provide information on women and violence, women victims of criminal acts, and the prevention and punishment of violence against women.", "(a)Criminal acts against women", "Table 38 of the annex shows the number of cases of criminal acts reported to the police by women who have been victims of such acts.In 1972, out of 1,182,960 criminal acts, 251,859 (21.3 per cent) had been victims of women.The number and percentage of these cases has increased over the last 20 years, to 511.551 cases (32.5 per cent), out of 1,575.659 cases recorded in 1992, an increase of more than 10 percentage points.Thefts accounted for the majority of the charges, with almost double the number of cases.On the other hand, rape cases have decreased considerably: from 4.677 in 1972 to 1.504 in 1992.It is believed, however, that not all cases of violence against women, including domestic violence, are reported.", "(b) Prevention and punishment of violence against women: penalties provided for in the Criminal Code", "In order to prevent rape and other forms of violence against women, the following criminal provisions are provided for and strictly enforced:", "Article 176 (Attent to morals, by violence or intimidation, against women aged 13 or over.Prison sentence with forced labour from six months to seven years);", "Article 176, last sentence (Attent to morality on the person under 13 years of age.Prison sentence with forced labour from six months to seven years);", "Article 177 (Sexual relations with women 13 years of age or older by violence or threat.Prison sentence with hard labour for a period of at least two years);", "Article 177, last sentence (Sexual relations with women under 13 years of age.Prison sentence with hard labour for a period of at least two years).", "Illegality of prostitution:As stated in the initial report, prostitution is illegal in Japan.A campaign to cleanse public morality is being organized in each prefecture under the auspices of the relevant ministries to raise awareness of the need to prevent prostitution and venereal diseases.The campaign lasts about two weeks, which still include May 24, the anniversary of the enactment of the Anti-Prostitution Act.", "Information on the corresponding offences is provided in relation to Article 6.", "2.Article 3", "With regard to Article 3, the following sections provide information on the strengthening of the structures of the national machinery.", "(a)Strengthening of the national machinery", "(i) Presentation and consideration of a report by the Committee on the Strengthening of the Structures of the National Mechanism", "In August 1991, it was decided to establish a committee of experts to strengthen the Centre for the Planning and Promotion of Policies concerning Women on the basis of the new National Plan of Action for the Year 2000 (First Revision).The Committee organized hearings to seek the views of the ministries of the Centre, research on national mechanisms in other developed countries, organizing study missions, and hearings of local governments on their activities.In May 1993, the Committee submitted a report to the President of the Centre on the future functioning of the Centre.", "The report stated that it should promote the adoption of comprehensive and coordinated measures to enable women to live fully, thus preparing for the establishment of a society with active and joint participation of men and women.To this end, the report requested that the Centre's structures be reviewed to promote these measures and to report on public opinion through an advisory body.", "(ii) Decision of the Centre on strengthening the mechanism in the sense indicated in the above-mentioned report", "In May 1993, the Centre decided to take measures in line with the views contained in the report and, in July, decided to strengthen the national machinery to promote measures for the realization of a society with active and common participation of men and women, and to indicate the direction of the measures the Government intends to take.", "The decision includes strengthening the mechanism (restructure of the Centre, establishment of an advisory body to reflect public opinion and strengthen the secretariat) and calls on local governments to take more action for women.", "(b)Measures to assist women with disabilities", "In March 1993, the Government, in the wake of the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons, formulated the new Long-term Programme of Measures for Persons with Disabilities.It is working to promote a package of measures in the sense of the Disability Programme, both men and women, to achieve a society of which each individual is an active member.", "These include home helpers and related services, rehabilitation and training services, the provision of prosthetics, such as artificial limbs and wheelchairs, and equipment for daily use such as Braille typewriters and special beds, in accordance with the Physically Disabled Persons Protection Act, the Mentally retarded Persons Protection Act and the Mental Health Act.In addition, in accordance with the Act on the Promotion of Employment of Persons with Disabilities, measures are envisaged to strengthen and ensure the employment of persons with disabilities through the strict application of the employment ratio system and the promotion of vocational rehabilitation.In addition, there are income-insuring measures and a special tax deduction.Other measures are also planned, including the removal of obstacles in public places such as buildings, roads and traffic terminals, and the establishment of facilities such as escalators, lifts and toilets for the disabled.", "3.Article 4.1", "(a) Percentage of women in national advisory bodies", "As stated in the second report, in revising the new National Plan of Action, the Centre has moved forward by five years, to be around 1995, the target date for achieving a 15 per cent representation of women in national advisory bodies and is continuing its efforts in this direction.", "(b) Request for cooperation in the advancement of women in advisory bodies to local governments", "In setting the new target date as indicated above, the Centre sent a request in July 1991 for cooperation to the heads of the prefectural administrations and designated cities in order to set a new target for the advancement of women in their advisory bodies.As at 31 March 1993, the target figures and dates for these local governments were as follows:", "Objective", "", "Number of persons", "Local (%)", "Target date", "1993-95", "", "", "", "1996-2000", "2001-", "Not fixed", "30% above", "11(18,7)", "3", "", "", "", "6", "2", "20 to 25 per cent", "30(50,8)", "11", "", "", "", "15", "2", "2", "15 %", "12(20,3)", "4", "", "", "", "8", "12 %", "1( 1,7)", "1", "Total", "54(91,5)", "19", "", "", "", "29", "4", "2", "Not fixed", "5( 8,5)", "Grand total", "59(100)", " Forty-seven prefectures and twelve designated cities (SOURCE: Office of the Prime Minister)", "(c)Promotion of assistance for the reintegration of women into the labour market", "As many women stop working to have children and be able to raise them, and wish to start working again afterwards, special measures are envisaged to help these women: promoting re-employment of women by business, providing services to prepare for re-entry into employment and helping them to obtain employment in neighbouring sectors.", "4.Article 5 (a)", "(a)Request for understanding and cooperation with the media", "As part of its campaign to raise awareness of gender equality, the new National Plan of Action (First Revision) included among its basic goals to be achieved by the year 2000 the goal of asking the media to understand and cooperate in presenting images of gender equality in their publications, advertisements and television programmes.One of the concrete measures to be implemented between 1991 and 1995 is to encourage the media to strive to illustrate gender equality through their images.", "In May 1991, during the first revision of the Plan, the Prime Minister's Office informed the media about the purpose and content of the plan.", "The Ministry of Education, Labour and others, as well as the Prime Minister's Office, also occasionally organize briefings for journalists and editors who follow the evolution of the women's issue.", "In August 1991, the Assistant Secretary to the Cabinet sent a request to the directors of radio and television organizations, newspapers and publications for cooperation on the revised Plan.The same type of information meeting and request for cooperation was made at the secretariat level for the persons concerned.", "(b)Awareness-raising activities, including Women's Week", "During Women's Week, as stated in the two previous reports, the Minister of Labour has been organizing, since 1991, on the theme \"Let's make our times a time to live intensely in the face of gender discrimination\", a national campaign with the help of local authorities, women's organizations, trade unions, employers' associations and the media to end stereotypical concepts of gender roles and create a society where everyone can live their lives.", "Since 1993, local grant tax revenues have been available for use by prefectural administrations for awareness raising purposes in a variety of areas, including the organization of information activities on the Equal Employment Opportunities Act and activities to correct stereotypical roles.", "(c)Government public relations activities", "In carrying out its outreach activities, the Government is careful to avoid strengthening stereotyped concepts of gender roles, which it does through posters showing the active participation of women in various fields.It also strives to monitor the objectives of the new National Action Plan (First Revision) in the production of posters and information materials.", "(d)Other activities", "Since 1992, the Tokyo Women's Foundation has been organizing an annual competition for pure commercials of all gender stereotypes, and has been giving priority to television advertisements, posters, and newspapers and magazines that Tokyo residents believe are positive about women's problems.", "In March 1993, the Osaka Prefecture reviewed the texts and images of its publications which revealed stereotyped concepts on the role of the sexes and produced a brochure on how to project positive images of such a society for the establishment of an active and joint participation society for men and women.", "(5) Article 5 (b)", "According to the Social Life Survey conducted by the Agency for Management and Coordination in 1991, women spend three hours fifty-two minutes a day in household work and child care, and men spend only 24 minutes.In two-income families, women spend four hours seventeen minutes and husbands nineteen minutes, which shows that it is mainly women who care for the household and children.In addition to the measures already taken, the Government in 1991 took the following measures to increase the recognition of maternity as a social function and to encourage men and women to take joint care of raising children.", "(a)Promoting Father Participation in Family Education", "In 1991 and 1992, the Ministry of Education commissioned a study for local communities on the possibilities for fathers to train in family education with a view to increasing their participation in family education.", "In addition, since 1991, the Ministry has been promoting the organization of parenting forums in social centres, kindergartens and unused rooms for elementary schools, with parents who have experienced in parenting and family education courses, to form family education networks to revitalize the educational role of the family and society, and to promote the exchange of information and experience on family education and the establishment of neighbourhood networks.", "(b) Community support programmes for childcare in day care centres", "Since society needs to increase the support of families in raising their children, model projects were launched in 1993 to advise and guide parents and to help establish local child care associations to promote child care in the family through their care activities.", "6.Article 6", "In this article, the previous reports provided information on the Anti-Prostitution Act and other legal provisions, arrests for prostitution offences, the fight against prostitution and information campaigns on respect for the human person in order to prevent prostitution.The report indicates the total number of cases heard and the number of such cases per disposition, as well as the protection and rehabilitation measures taken for women who need them and whose previous reports did not mention anything.", "(a)Cases investigated in connection with prostitution-related offences", "Changes in the number of cases investigated in connection with prostitution offences are shown by applicable provision in Table 40 of the Annex.", "In 1992, of the 6.516 cases, the offences under the Anti-Prostitution Act amounted to 6.315, or more than 96 per cent of the total.The main offences were soliciting (Article 5;477 cases), procuring (Article 6; 3.285 cases), contractual incitement to prostitution (Article 10; 2.311 cases) and hotel procurement (Article 11; 143 cases).In addition, 122 cases are covered by the Child Protection Act, 23 cases are covered by the Employment Security Act and 16 cases are covered by the Criminal Code.", "(b)Protection and social reintegration of women in need", "i.Advisory services for women", "Advisory services for women are established in each prefecture under Article 34 of the Law against Prostitution.These services are key to protection and reintegration and provide advice, guidance, investigation and advice, as well as temporary protection for women who are feared that their conduct and environment will lead them to engage in prostitution.", "ii.Consultants for women", "Women's consultants are part-time employees of local government.Section 35 of the Anti-Prostitution Act requires prefectural administrations, but not municipal governments, to engage in prostitution.Their task is to find out who women need protection, to advise them on their problems concerning their life, work, health, possible admission to a women's institution (as explained below), their families and their environment in general, and to guide them and possibly recommend their admission to appropriate institutions.", "iii.Institutions for the protection of women", "Women's institutions are responsible for the provision of services to women, who are considered by the Chief of Advisory Services to be in need of protection and are preparing them for social and professional reintegration.These institutions also maintain close contacts and cooperation with other related organizations by organizing meetings with guidance centres, social welfare offices and public employment agencies to facilitate the social and vocational reintegration of women under their protection.", "Article 36 of the Anti-Prostitution Act provides that prefectural administrations, municipal administrations and other organizations, including duly authorized social welfare officers, may establish such institutions.In April 1965, in order to accommodate women who do not easily integrate into regular institutions, the Kanita Women's Village (long-term accommodation) was established.As of 1 October 1991, there were 53 women's protection institutions with a capacity of 1,742 persons, including 754 women under protection and 559 staff.", "7.Article 7 (a)", "(a)Increase in the number of women members of the Diet and induction", "First President of the House of Representatives", "Following the submission of the second report, elections to the Chamber of Councillors were held in July 1992 and to the House of Representatives in July 1993.As a result of these elections, the number of women members of the Chamber of Councillors increased from 34 to 37 and the number of members of the House of Representatives increased from 12 to 14.As at 31 July 1993, there were 14 women in the House of Representatives and 38 women in the Chamber of Representatives, including replacement female female seats, representing a total of 52 women members of the Diet.This is the first time that the number of women in the Diet exceeds 50.Women account for 6.8 per cent (6.1 per cent in March 1992);6.5% in July 1992) of the 763 seats on the Diet.", "In addition, on 6 August 1993, for the first time in Japan's history, a woman was elected sixty-eighth Speaker of the House of Representatives.", "(b)Appointment of women to ministerial positions", "In December 1992, Prime Minister Miyazawa reorganized his cabinet and appointed one woman to the post of Minister of Education and another to the post of Deputy Minister (Vice-Parliamentary Minister of Labour).", "In August 1993, Prime Minister Hosokawa appointed three women to ministerial positions (Minister of Education, Director-General of the Department of Economic Planning and Director-General of the Department of Environment), a record record, and two women as Vice-Ministers (Vice-Minister of Parliamentary Management and Coordination and Deputy Parliamentary Minister of Science and Technology).", "(c)Women in national advisory bodies", "At the end of March 1993, the proportion of women in national advisory bodies was 10.4 per cent, above 10 per cent, for the first time.There are generally three categories of members on these boards: members appointed for their official duties, members recommended by related organizations and other members.Women accounted for 2.7 per cent of the members appointed for their duties, 4.8 per cent of the members recommended by related organizations and 12.8 per cent of the other members.The low proportion of women in the first category is the result of the small number of women in senior public office and is therefore linked to the recruitment and advancement of women in the civil service.Since the proportion of women among members recommended by related organizations is also low, the First Secretary of the Cabinet asked some 300 organizations to consider recommending more candidates.In July 1993, the Prime Minister of Women ' s Affairs called for cooperation in recommending more women candidates for advisory councils and in promoting the advancement of women in their own departments.", "(d) Women ' s representation in local assemblies, high-level government and local government advisory bodies", "i.Women in local assemblies", "The number of women in local assemblies is increasing slightly.As at 31 December 1992, 2,158 out of 65,360 members, or 3.3 per cent of all members of prefectural and municipal assemblies (3.2 per cent as at December 1991).", "ii.Women as heads of local government", "As at 31 December 1992, there were 3,259 municipalities.Since the first time a woman was elected mayor in 1955, there have never been more than three female mayors at a time.In 1991 and 1992, a woman was elected mayor of a large city.As of 1 July 1993, two women were mayors of a large city and one of a small town.There are no women in the 47 prefectures and 12 designated cities.", "iii.Women as assistants to the heads of prefectural administrations and mayors of the designated cities", "Among the vice governors and deputy mayors appointed by the heads of local government in the 47 prefectures and 12 designated cities, in 1991 there were two women vice governors (including a vice governor from Tokyo) and, for the first time, a woman deputy mayor.The following year, the third woman deputy governor took office.At the end of February 1993, there were three women vice governors and one woman deputy mayor.", "iv.Women in local government advisory bodies", "Prefectures and designated cities are also working to increase the representation of women in their advisory councils.In 1992, the proportion was 9.6%.", "8.Article 7 (b)", "Since the last report, the areas where women can serve in the self-defence forces and the police have expanded.", "(a) Expansion of areas where women can be used in the self-defence forces (in uniform)", "The Ministry of Defence maintains its policy of non-deployment of female self-defence personnel in combat zones, in areas supporting a combat force operating on the front line and where an exceptional physical force is required.However, in view of the recent progress made by women in the implementation of the Employment Equality Act, as well as examples of women's involvement in foreign countries and other factors, the Ministry of Defence has reviewed its policy on the deployment of female self-defence personnel to broaden the areas where they can be used and to use their potential.", "Consequently, all positions of the Land, Sea and Air Self-Defence Forces are open to female personnel, except those where the concern to protect maternity and other reasons require the continued decision to prohibit the deployment of female self-defense personnel.In particular, women were admitted as students in the maritime and air self-defence forces, and since 1993 had been allowed to take the examinations of air-pupils.", "(b) Active recruitment of women police officers and expansion of their functions", "The police administration is working to promote the recruitment of women as police officers and to broaden the scope of their activities because of the increasingly complicated and diverse nature of police cases and to use women's faculties.The number of prefectures that have begun to hire women as police officers is increasing rapidly.Four started in 1991 and ten in 1992.As of 1 April 1993, there were approximately 4,500 female police officers in 45 prefectures (600 more than the previous year).Two other prefectures are expected to begin hiring women from 1993 onwards and, from 1994, all should have women in their police forces.Their activities also include criminal investigations, identity records, information analysis, escort and guard of high-ranking officials, security and traffic control, youth orientation, detention of women suspects and public relations.The advancement of women in leadership positions is also under way: in March 1990, a woman was first promoted to the police.", "9.Article 8", "(a)Participation of women in international conferences", "The number of women in official delegations to international conferences is increasing.Since 1975, women have participated as representatives or as alternates in the following international conferences.", "United Nations General Assembly (representative, alternate)", "Special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament (representative)", "Economic and Social Council (alternate)", "Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) (Head of Delegation, Alternate)", "Law of the Sea Conference (alternate)", "United Nations Commission on Transnational Corporations (representative)", "United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (representative, alternate)", "United Nations Conference to Develop an International Code of Conduct for the Transport of Technologies (alternate)", "World Assembly on Ageing (representative)", "International Conference on Population (alternate)", "World Conference on Women (Head of Delegation, Representative, Alternate)", "General Conference of the International Labour Organization (representative, alternate, consultant)", "General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (representative, consultant)", "Universal Postal Congress (alternate)", "Executive Board of the United Nations Children's Fund (representative)", "Special session of the General Assembly on the economy (alternate)", "Conference on International Justice (representative)", "United Nations Commission on Human Settlements (representative)", "United Nations Environment Programme (representative)", "In addition, one woman participated as representative and two as consultants at the World Conference on Human Rights in June 1993.", "(b) Women in international organizations", "i.International organizations", "The proportion of women in Japanese staff in the United Nations Secretariat has risen from 12 per cent at the end of June 1978 to 47 per cent at the end of June 1993.", "The number of Japanese women in the Professional category of major international organizations, including the United Nations, has increased considerably from 19 in 1975 to over 170 in 1992.At the end of 1992, several Japanese women held high-level positions: the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the Director of Personnel at UNESCO, the Director of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, the Resident Representative of the United Nations Development Programme in Bangladesh and the Deputy Executive Secretary of ESCAP.", "ii.Women ambassadors", "Japan had four women ambassadors, one of whom is currently based in Kenya.", "10.Article 9", "Nothing significant has happened since the second report.", "11.Article 10", "1) New projects for gender equality in the National Centre for Women's Education", "Since 1991, the National Centre for Women's Education has organized a forum for leaders of various organizations, bringing together women and men to promote the common participation of men and women in the life of the country and to exchange information and promote research and consultations to promote lifelong learning.", "Since 1992, the Centre has been working through programme studies to correct gender stereotypes among young people and thus advance the principle of gender equality.The Centre also organizes family education seminars on the theme \"Family education in the era of small families\".", "Since 1993, the Centre has worked with two researchers to strengthen its research and study functions.", "(b)Imposition of domestic education for both men and women", "As indicated in the second report, in accordance with the new curriculum (revised in 1989), the same domestic education programme is being taught to both boys and girls in junior secondary schools (since 1993) and will be taught in secondary schools from 1994.Various measures are planned for the successful start of the programme.", "The text of the manuals will be modified accordingly.", "Article 11 (a) (c)", "(a) Implementation of the Equal Employment Opportunities Act", "Following the implementation of the Equal Employment Opportunities Act, many companies have improved the management of their staff to comply with the new statutory provisions.As the understanding of the purpose of this law deepens, society comes to discover the potential of women, who themselves become more aware of their work.There are, however, some problems: for example, men are sometimes recruited only, especially for engineering positions.Since improvements are not as fast in practice as in theory, much remains to be done to ensure de facto equality.", "The Ministry of Labour organizes awareness-raising activities on various occasions to ensure a clear understanding of the purpose of the Equal Employment Opportunities Act and to ensure equal treatment for men and women.In particular, during Employment Equality Month in June, the Ministry is organizing an intensive public relations campaign with a national conference.", "In addition to the measures already in place, such as guidance, assistance and consultation activities by women's and young workers' offices and the promotion of self-control by enterprises, measures to ensure equal opportunities from school were taken in 1993 to ensure the proper implementation of the Equal Employment Opportunities Act.As there is concern that recruitment constraints may be more effective against women than men, as more firms are taking labour adjustment measures, which can go as far as the freeze on recruitment due to the recent recession, the Ministry has established counselling services in some of the women's and young workers' offices and has asked employers' associations to raise awareness of the purpose of the law and to ensure that both sexes are equal opportunities when entering work.", "In April 1993, the Council on Women and Young Workers began to consider how to better understand the purpose of the law, including the possibility of revising legislation and directives.The Council also envisages a relaxation of the provisions on the protection of women, except those of the Labour Standards Act concerning maternal protection, in order to ensure equal opportunities and treatment in employment and to ensure that the legal framework is the same for women as for men.", "(b)Principle of equal pay for equal work", "Section 4 of the Labour Standards Act prohibits any differentiation of wages based solely on sex.The Ministry is working to ensure the implementation of this provision by monitoring and advising institutions.", "(c)Proposal for a review of the social system for the full use of women ' s professional potential.", "The current tax and social security system means that many women employed part-time limit their working hours so as not to exceed a certain income and thus be considered dependent on their husbands.In such cases, the potential of women is not fully utilized.In July 1993, the Council for Women and Young Workers (which advises the Minister of Labour) submitted a proposal to the Minister of Finance, the Minister of Health and Social Production, the Minister of Labour and the Minister of Home Affairs to review the social system, including the taxation and social security system applicable to married women, so that women's professional potential could be fully utilized and thus constitute a genuine labour force.", "(d)Promulgation and implementation of the Parental Leave Act", "To reconcile work and family obligations, the Act on Parental Leave for Private Sector Employees was enacted in May 1991 and other laws applicable to various public sector employees were enacted in December 1991, all of which came into force in April 1992.Under these laws, parents of children under 1 year of age, mothers or fathers, may take parental leave.", "In order to promote the application of the Act on Parental Leave in the Private Sector, it is necessary to publicize the purpose and content of the Act.The Ministry of Labour organizes intensive awareness-raising activities during the \"Month for the Harmonization of Work and Care for Children\", and takes every opportunity to inform the purpose and content of the law.", "In 1992, the Ministry created a \"subsidy for the implementation of programmes to facilitate the return to work\";This should encourage employers to take appropriate measures to inform and maintain and improve the employability of private sector workers taking parental leave to help them to resume their work without harm.The Department is working to promote parental leave.In addition, the problem of financial assistance to those taking parental leave is now being examined in the competent authority.The status of the Private Sector Parental Leave Act is currently under investigation.", "In addition, measures have been taken to facilitate the entry into childcare facilities in the course of the year since May 1992 in the implementation of the Act.", "(e) Promotion of family leave", "There is an urgent need to help workers caring for family members to fulfil their professional and family responsibilities.In July 1992, the Government issued guidelines on family leave for informing employees and employers to encourage the practice of family leave and the adoption of the corresponding measures.In particular, intense public relations activities, including a symposium on work and the family, are organized around 15 September, Day of Respect for the Elderly.", "(f)Grants for the creation of crêches d'entreprise", "In 1993, the Ministry of Labour began to grant subsidies to employers who set up and operate children's crêches in their enterprises or who are starting to do so by renting premises for this purpose.", "(g)Helping working women", "In 1991, the Ministry of Labour requested the Japanese Institute for the Promotion of Workers to implement the project of assistance to women workers through parental, family and household councils so that those with family responsibilities could use appropriate services, if necessary, and to help them continue to work and to be re-employed.The scope of the project was expanded in 1993.", "13.Article 12", "The following is a discussion of family planning and measures to combat HIV infection, which has not been reported in previous reports.", "(a)Family planning", "Public authorities and NGOs have been promoting family planning since 1950 and, according to a survey, more than 80 per cent of married women report having practised family planning in some form.", "(b)Measures to combat AIDS/HIV", "i.Integration of measures into the New National Action Plan (First Revision)", "Awareness-raising activities on emerging issues affecting women's health are among the practical measures of \"awareness-raising on the importance of motherhood and gender dignity and maternity protection\" provided for in the new National Action Plan (First Revision).A major amount of information and awareness-raising is being done for men and women on issues such as AIDS, drug addiction and alcoholism.", "ii.Implementation of AIDS/HIV control measures", "In Japan, the first case of AIDS was reported in 1985, and the first case of women with AIDS in 1987.The first case of mother infection was reported in 1990.Currently, HIV infections are reported across the country and, in most cases, infection is the result of heterosexual relationships.", "In February 1987, the Ministerial Meeting on AIDS agreed on the outline of a plan to combat AIDS, which was revised in March 1992.The measures set out in this plan are implemented in collaboration with the relevant ministries.", "Individual AIDS counselling is provided by doctors in health centres established by prefectures and designated cities.To those who seem to require it, these doctors advise an HIV test.If they accept, these tests are given free of charge.Others may ask to take this test, but they must pay.", "iii.Awareness of the need for accurate information on AIDS", "In addition to various information activities already carried out, the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare established the study group \"Stop AIDS\" in October 1992, chaired by the Minister of Health and Social Welfare, to ensure the wide dissemination of information on AIDS, with the assistance of local authorities and the private sector.", "The Ministry of Education is also working to implement measures such as the production of teaching materials and the organization of training activities for teaching staff, with a view to providing children in schools with accurate information on AIDS, combating misunderstoods and ideas about AIDS and instilling in them the spirit of personal dignity.Information on sex education, a subject closely linked to AIDS education, was included in the second report.", "Opportunities are available for social education leaders and community leaders to learn, and to teach, in turn, what is needed to know about AIDS, and grants are available to local communities to organize AIDS classes and courses.", "Health centres also carry out information activities, distributing brochures and using videos in their individual counselling activities.", "14.Article 13", "Amendment to the Inshore Fisheries Improvement Fund Grant Act Enforcement Order", "A ministerial order amending part of the Act's Order was made and came into force in September 1992.The purpose of the project is to re-engineer the Fund for the Elderly by using the Fund for the Improvement of the Living Conditions of Fishermen which the Prefectural Administrations lend under the Act to the Women's Fund as well as to the Elderly, and to strengthen the Fund.", "15.Article 14", "(a) Formulation of the broad guidelines for new food, agricultural and rural policies", "In June 1992, the broad guidelines for new food, agriculture and rural policies were drawn up to indicate the problems in this regard and to indicate what future directions would be in response to changing social and economic conditions.The aim is to define clearly the role of women in agricultural production and to revitalize rural villages.", "(b) Promotion of the measures provided for in the report \"New Rural Women: Towards the Year 2001\" (report of a Round Table on a Medium- and Long-Term Vision of Rural Women)", "In recognition of the important role of women in agriculture and rural life, the Round Table on a Medium- and Long-term Vision of Rural Women prepared a report in June 1992 entitled \"The New Rural Woman: Towards the Year 2001\", which outlined the vision of rural women and outlined the measures to be taken to achieve it.", "The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries must take various measures in this regard.", "(c)Practical measures", "In order to implement the new policies and to give effect to this vision, the Government, local authorities and agricultural organizations will cooperate in implementing measures aimed essentially at: (i) clearly defining the role of women in the management of business;(ii) Promote women ' s participation in decision-making;(iii) Reducing the workload of women and improving their working conditions;(iv) To train women to improve their skills in agricultural technology and management;(v) To examine the situation of women farmers affiliated with the Farmers ' Pension Fund.", "16.Article 15", "There has been nothing notable since the second report.", "17.Article 16", "Review of marriage legislation", "Parts 4 (Family) and 5 (Follow-up) of the Civil Code were recast after the Second World War following the promulgation of the Constitution, which prescribes equality between men and women and respect for the person.These provisions have been slightly amended on several occasions.In 1987, a new amendment to the legislation on adoption provided for a special system of adoption.", "The Legislative Council, which advises the Minister of Justice, has a subcommittee to review the provisions of the Civil Code relating to the family and inheritance.In January 1991, the Subcommittee resumed its consideration of Part Four, Chapter 2 (Marriage) (Family).Points such as the minimum age for marriage, the maintenance of the prohibition of remarriage of women at certain periods and the names of married couples are currently being examined.", "The Ministry of Justice published an interim report on the provisions on marriage and divorce and requested the opinion of various circles by mid-May 1993.", "The Subcommittee is currently continuing its deliberations taking into account the views of various bodies.", "Apart from the above, there have been no notable developments since the second report.", "The President", "(Statistics)", "SITUATION OF WOMEN IN JAPAN", "1.POPULATION", "POPULATION (thousands)", "TOTAL WOMEN", "1980 117 060 59 467 57 594", "1985 121 049 61 552 59 497", "1990 123 611 62 914 60 697", "1991 124 043 63 139 60 905", "1992 124 452 63 356 61 096", "(100,0 %) (50,9 %) (49,1 %)", "2000 127 385 64 851 62 533", "(100,0 %) (50,9 %) (49,1 %)", "2010 130 397 66 410 63 988", "(100,0 %) (50,9 %) (49,1 %)", "2020 128 345 65 492 62 853", "(100,0 %) (51,0 %) (49,0 %)", "2030 122 972 62 851 60 121", "(100,0 %) (51,1 %) (48,9 %)", "SOURCES: 1980-1992 AGENCY FOR MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION.", "2000-2030 PROJECTION OF THE MINISTER FOR HEALTH AND PROTECTION", "SOCIAL", "2.STAFF", "POPULATION (thousands)", "TOTAL WOMEN", "1980 10 647 6 148 4 500", "(100,0 %) (57,7 %) (42, 3 %)", "1985 12 468 7 368 5 100", "(100,0 %) (59,1 %) (40,9 %)", "1990 14 895 8 907 5 988", "(100,0 %) (59,8 %) (40,2 %)", "1991 15 582 9 285 6 298", "(100,0 %) (59,6 %) (40,4 %)", "1992 16 242 9 648 6 594", "(100,0 %) (59,4 %) (40,6 %)", "2000 21 699 12 575 9 124", "(100,0 %) (58,0 %) (42,0 %)", "2010 27 746 15 880 11 866", "(100,0 %) (57,2 %) (42,8 %)", "2020 32 738 18 652 14 086", "(100,0 %) (57,0 %) (43,0 %)", "2030 31 994 18 388 13 606", "(100,0 %) (57,5 %) (42,5 %)", "SOURCES: 1980-1992 AGENCY FOR MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION.", "2000-2030 PROJECTION OF THE MINISTER FOR HEALTH AND PROTECTION", "SOCIAL", "NOTE: STAFF INSTITUTE THE GROUP65 YEARS AND", "THERE.", "3.SPERANCE OF LIFE (YEARS)", "WOMEN", "1980 78,76 73,35", "1985 80,48 74,78", "1990 81,90 75,92", "1991 82,11 76,11", "1992 82,22 76,09", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION.", "4.DEMORALITY RATES", "DEMORALITY RATES (FOR 1 000)", "WOMEN", "1980 722 801 5,6 6,8", "1985 752 283 5,6 6,9", "1990 820 305 6,0 7,4", "1991 829 797 6,1 7,5", "1992 856 643 6,2 7,7", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION.", "5.NOUM OF LIVING BIRTH, LIVING BIRTH RATES AND CUMULATED FECONDITY RATES", "BIRTH", "LIVING", "(MILLS)", "", "RATE OF", "BIRTH", "LIVING", "(FOR 1 000)", "RATE OF", "FOUNDITY", "CUMULATION", "(FOR 1 000)", "1947", "2 679", "34,3", "4,54", "1980", "1 577", "13,6", "1,75", "1985", "1 432", "11,9", "1,76", "1990", "1 222", "10,0", "1,54", "1991", "1 223", "9,9", "1,53", "1992", "1 209", "9,8", "1,50", "SOURCE: MINISTER OF EDUCATION.", "NOTE: 1947 MARKS THE PRE-GUER AGREEMENT.", "6.NUMBER OF MARRIAGES AND NUPTIALITY RATES", "MARRIAGE", "", "NUPTIALITY RATES", "(FOR 1 000)", "1980", "774 702", "6,7", "1985", "735 850", "6,1", "1990", "722 138", "5,9", "1991", "742 264", "6,0", "1992", "754 441", "6,1", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION.", "7.AGE AVERAGE TO FIRST MARRIAGE", "TOTAL MARRIAGE FIRST MARRIAGE", "WOMEN MEN WOMEN MEN", "1980 25,9 28,7 25,2 27,8", "1985 26,4 29,3 25,5 28,2", "1990 26,9 29,7 25,9 28,4", "1991 26,9 29,6 25,9 28,4", "1992 27,0 29,7 26,0 28,4", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION.", "8.DIVORCES AND DIVORTIALITY RATES", "DIVORCES", "", "DIVORTIALITY RATES", "(FOR 1 000)", "1980", "141 689", "1,22", "1985", "166 640", "1,39", "1990", "157 608", "1,28", "1991", "168 969", "1,37", "1992", "179 191", "1,45", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION.", "9.AVERAGE NUMBER OF PERSONS BY HOUSE AND PERCENTAGE OF DISTRIBUTION BY TYPE OF MENAGE STRUCTURE", "TOTAL NUMBER", "OF HOUSEHOLDS", "(MILLS)", "", "", "AVERAGE NUMBER", "OF PERSONS", "BY HOUSE", "", "", "WEATHER A", "FAMILY", "NUCLEAR", "%", "", "WEATHER A", "FAMILY", "ELARGIE", "%", "", "HOUSEHOLDS", "ONE", "PERSON", "%", "", "HOUSEHOLDS", "INCLUDING", "PARENTS", "AGE", "%", "HOUSEHOLDS", "PERSONS", "AGEES", "%", "", "HOUSEHOLDS", "ONE", "PERSON ACTIVE", "%", "1975", "33 596", "3,28", "59,5", "20,8", "19,5", "20,6", "2,7", "1,9", "1980", "35 824", "3,22", "60,3", "19,7", "19,8", "22,7", "3,6", "2,5", "1985", "37 980", "3,14", "60,0", "19,0", "20,8", "24,4", "4,3", "3,1", "1990", "40 670", "2,99", "59,5", "17,2", "23,1", "26,4", "5,5", "4,0", "2000", "43 822", "2,94", "57,5", "19,3", "23,0", "31,8", "7,6", "5,4", "2010", "45 014", "2,95", "56,8", "19,6", "23,3", "36,3", "9,8", "6,9", "2020", "45 041", "2,92", "54,9", "19,5", "25,3", "40,4", "11,7", "8,4", "SOURCES: MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AGENCY.", "ESTIMATIONS OF THE MINISTER FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION.", "10.MATEERNAL MORTALITY RATES (FOR 100 000 LIVING BIRDS)", "1955 178,8", "1980 20,5", "1985 15,8", "1990 8,6", "1991 9,0", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION.", "NOTE: 1955 MARKS THE PRE-GUER AGREEMENT.", "11.INFANTILE MORTALITY RATES (FOR 1 000 LIVING BIRDS)", "TOTAL FEMINE SEX MASCULIN", "1947 76,7 72,0 81,0", "1980 7,5 6,6 8,3", "1985 5,5 5,1 5,9", "1990 4,6 4,2 5,0", "1991 4,4 4,2 4,6", "1992 4,5 4,0 5,0", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION.", "NOTE: THE CORRESPONDENT FIGURES IN 1992 ARE APPROXIMATIVE FIGURES. 1947MARK THE AGREEMENT", "THE AFTER-GUERRE.", "12.Number of AIDS and seropositivity cases", "TOTAL WOMEN", "1985 6 0 6", "1986 5 0 5", "1987 69 16 53", "1988 51 13 38", "1989 87 19 68", "1990 97 31 86", "1991 238 122 116", "1992 493 291 202", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION.", "13.NUMBER OF INVALIDITY PERSONS", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION.", "NOTE: FIGURES CORRESPONDING PHYSICAL INVALIDITY PERSONS ARE DRIED FROM THE 1991 SURVEY.", "The data on persons with mental disabilities are collected from the 1990 survey.", "14.Number of Ecoles and EFFECTIVEs (1992)", "NUMBER OF EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS", "TOTAL FEMINE SEX MASCULIN", "JARDINSOF CHILDREN 15,006 1,948,868,958 956,989,912", "(100,0 %) (49,2 %) (50,8 %)", "ELEMENTARY ECOLES 24 730 8 947 226 4 369 221 4 578 005", "(100,0 %) (48,8 %) (51,2 %)", "SECONDARY SCHOOLS 11 300 5 036 840 2 459 903 2 576 937", "FIRST CYCLE (100.0 per cent) (48.8%) (51.2 per cent)", "SECONDARY SCHOOLS 5,501 5,218,497 2,594 119 2,624,378", "SECOND CYCLE (100.0 %) (49.7 %) (50.3 %)", "SCHOOL FOR AVEUGLS 70 4 919 1 822 3 097", "(100,0 %) (37,0 %) (63,0 %)", "SOURDS SCHOOLS 107 7 997 3 563 4 434", "(100,0 %) (44,6 %) (35,4 %)", "ECOLES FOR OTHER 786 76 668 28 329 48 339", "DISABLED (100.0 per cent) (37.0 per cent) (63.0 per cent)", "TECHNICAL COLLEGES 62 54 786 7,060 47 726", "(100,0 %) (12,9 %) (87,1 %)", "UNIVERSITY ESTABLISHMENTS 591 524 538 481 044 43 494", "FIRST CYCLE (100.0 per cent) (91.7 per cent) (8.3%)", "UNIVERSITIES 523 2,293,269 672 337 1,620 932", "(100,0 %) (29,3 %) (70,7 %)", "(High-level institutions 335 109 108 19 609 89 499", "STUDIES (100.0%) (18.0%) (82.0 %)", "TRAINING SCHOOLS 3 409 861 903 436 326 425 577", "SPECIAL (100.0 %) (50.6 %) (49.4%)", "OTHER TYPES OF SCHOOL 3 202 389 807 190 733 199 074", "(100,0 %) (48,9 %) (51,1 %)", "SOURCE: MINISTER OF EDUCATION.", "15.RATIO OF ELECTIONS ACCEDING TO THE SECOND CYCLE OF THE SECONDARY AND TO HIGHER EDUCATION (%)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTER OF EDUCATION.", "NOTE 1: THE RATIO OF EVENTS ACCEDING TO THE SECOND CYCLE OF THE SECONDARY REPRESENTS THE PROPORTION OF DIPLOMS FROM THE FIRST CYCLE WHICH HAVE ACCEEDED TO THE SECOND CYCLE, INCLUDING THE CYCLES ROUTE.", "2 :THE RATIO OF EVES ACCEDING TO HIGHER EDUCATION IS CALCULATED BY DIVING THE NUMBER OF THOSE WHO ACCED TO EACH YEAR TO HIGHER EDUCATION BY THE NUMBER OF THOSE WHO ARE OUT OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF THE FIRST CYCLE THREE YEARS AT THE PAST.", "16.EFFECTIVES OF THE HIGHER (1992)", "TOTAL", "UNIVERSITIES", "UNIVERSITY ESTABLISHMENTS OF THE FIRST CYCLE", "TOTAL", "", "796 280", "(100,0 %)", "541 504", "(68,0 %)", "254 676", "(32,0 %)", "WOMEN", "", "408 124", "(100,0 %)", "172 608", "(42,3 %)", "235 516", "(57,7 %)", "MEN", "", "388 156", "(100,0 %)", "368 996", "(95,1 %)", "19 160", "(4,9 %)", "SOURCE: MINISTER OF EDUCATION.", "17.DISCIPLINE DISCIPLINE DISTRIBUTION OF STUDENTS", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTER OF EDUCATION.", "20.ACTIVE POPULATION AND EMPLOYED POPULATION", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AGENCY.", "21.ACTIVE POPULATION PARTICIPATION RATES BY AGE GROUP", "1980 1992", "WOMEN MEN WOMEN MEN", "TOTAL 47.6% 79.8% 50.7% 77.9%", "15 - 19 18,5 17,4 17,6 19,4", "20 - 24 70,0 69,6 75,6 74,5", "25 - 29 49,2 96,3 64,0 96,4", "30 - 34 48,2 97,6 52,7 98,0", "35 - 39 58,0 97,6 62,4 98,1", "40 - 44 64,1 97,6 70,5 98,2", "45 - 49 64,4 96,5 72,0 98,0", "50 - 54 59,3 96,0 67,6 97,1", "55 - 59 50,5 91,2 55,6 93,6", "60 - 64 38,8 77,8 40,7 75,0", "65 - 15,5 41,0 16,7 38,2", "SOURCE: MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AGENCY.", "22.RATE OF PARTICIPATION IN WOMEN ' S ACTIVE POPULATION BY MATRIMONIAL SITUATION", "TOTAL MARIE CELIBATARY VEuvE/DIVORCATED", "1980 47,6 % 52,6 % 49,2 % 34,2 %", "1985 48,7 53,0 51,1 32,9", "1990 50,1 55,2 52,7 32,3", "1991 50,7 56,4 53,2 32,4", "1992 50,7 57,4 52,9 32,7", "SOURCE: MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AGENCY.", "23.DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERS BY TYPE OF EMPLOYMENT", "TOTAL", "INDEPENDENT WORKERS", "FAMILY EMPLOYEES", "EMPLOYEE", "NUMBERS", "(MILL)", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "WOMEN", "", "", "", "", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "2 142", "2 304", "2 536", "2 592", "2 619", "293", "288", "271", "265", "263", "491", "461", "424", "402", "375", "1 354", "1 548", "1 834", "1 918", "1 974", "MEN", "", "", "", "", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "3 394", "3 503", "3 713", "3 776", "3 817", "658", "628", "607", "594", "580", "112", "99", "93", "87", "81", "2 617", "2 764", "3 001", "3 084", "3 145", "RATIO", "(%)", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "WOMEN", "", "", "", "", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "13,7", "12,5", "10,7", "10,2", "10,0", "22,9", "20,0", "16,7", "15,5", "14,3", "63,2", "67,2", "72,3", "74,0", "75,4", "MEN", "", "", "", "", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "19,4", "17,9", "16,3", "15,7", "15,2", "3,3", "2,8", "2,5", "2,3", "2,1", "77,1", "78,9", "80,8", "81,7", "82,4", "SOURCE: MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AGENCY.", "24.DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERS BY SECTOR OF ACTIVITY", "TOTAL", "PRIMARY SECTOR", "SECONDARY SECTOR", "TERTIARY SECTOR", "Number of workers", "(MILLS)", "1980", "1985", "TOTAL 1990", "1991", "1992", "55 360", "58 070", "62 490", "63 690", "64 360", "", "", "5 770", "5 090", "4 510", "4 270", "4 110", "", "", "19 260", "19 920", "20 990", "21 600", "21 940", "", "", "30 200", "32 830", "36 690", "37 520", "38 010", "1980", "1985", "WOMEN 1990", "1991", "1992", "21 420", "23 040", "25 360", "25 920", "26 190", "2 830", "2 440", "2 150", "2 010", "1 900", "6 050", "6 510", "6 920", "7 110", "7 110", "12 500", "14 000", "16 180", "16 690", "17 060", "RATIO (%)", "1980", "1985", "TOTAL 1990", "1991", "1992", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "", "10,4", "8,8", "7,2", "6,7", "6,4", "", "34,8", "34,3", "33,6", "33,9", "34,1", "", "54,6", "56,5", "58,7", "58,9", "59,1", "1980", "1985", "WOMEN 1990", "1991", "1992", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "100,0", "13,2", "10,6", "8,5", "7,8", "7,3", "28,2", "28,3", "27,3", "27,4", "27,1", "58,4", "60,8", "63,8", "64,4", "65,1", "SOURCE: MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AGENCY.", "25.EMPLOYEE DISTRIBUTION BY ACTIVITY SECTOR", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AGENCY.", "26.EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AGENCY.", "27.MONTHLY GAINS OF CONTRACTUAL WORKERS AND MONTHLY SALARY WORKERS", "(DANS OF EMPLOYING EMPLOYED INSTITUTIONS OF TWO PERSONS OR DAVOURAGE)", "MONTHLY CONTRACTUAL GAINS", "", "", "SALARY", "WOMEN", "", "MEN", "WOMEN", "", "MEN", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "", "(MILLARY YENS)", "122,5", "153,6", "186,1", "195,7", "203,6", "", "", "", "", "", "", "(MILLARY YENS)", "221,7", "274,0", "326,2", "340,6", "345,6", "(MILLARY YENS)", "116,9", "145,8", "175,0", "184,4", "192,8", "", "", "", "", "", "", "(MILLARY YENS)", "198,6", "244,6", "290,5", "303,8", "313,5", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF WORK.", "28.DIFFERENCE OF TYPE EMPLOYEE SALARY BY GROUPAGE (INVESTIGATION OF 1992)", "FEMALE/MASCULIN RATIOS SALAR (%)", "AGE GROUP", "18-19", "20-24", "25-29", "30-34", "35-39", "40-44", "45-49", "50-54", "", "DIPLOMES OF THE SECOND CYCLE", "OF THE SECONDARY", "92,9", "89,4", "84,9", "80,9", "78,3", "74,1", "72,0", "68,3", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "UNIVERSITY DIPLOMES", "—", "95,3", "90,9", "85,7", "84,0", "80,5", "83,8", "78,0", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF WORK.", "29.SCHOOL EMPLOYEE DEPARTURES (IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TWO OR MORE PERMANENT EMPLOYEES)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF WORK.", "30.MONTHLY AVERAGE WORK TIMES BY PERMANENT EMPLOYEE", "(DURING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF 30 PERMANENT OR DARIVE EMPLOYEES)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF WORK.", "31.SYNDICALS AND ESTIMATIVE UNIONIZATION RATES", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF WORK, MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AGENCY.", "NOTE: ESTIMATED RETAILS FOR SYNDICALS IS THE RATIO OF SYNDICALS TO TOTAL EMPLOYEES.", "32.PART-TIME WORKERS ( NON-AGRICULTURAL SECTOR)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AGENCY.", "NOTE: PART-TIME WORKERS ARE EMPLOYEES WHO WOULD WORK LESS THAN 35 HOURS PER", "WEEK AT THE TIME OF THE INQUIRY (INCLUDING SEASONS AND INTERMITTS).", "33.NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS AND AGRICULTURAL POPULATION", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTER FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTS AND FISHERIES.", "NOTE: FOR AGRICULTURAL POPULATION, THE FIGURES CORRESPONDING 1991 AND 1992 WAS THESE FROM THE", "POPULATION OF HOUSEHOLDS PRACTING TRADE AGRICULTURE", "34. DISTRIBUTION OF THE WORKING POPULATION IN THEAGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY BY TYPEEMPLOYMENT (1992)", "(MILLS)", "TOTAL", "INDEPENDENT WORKERS", "FAMILY EMPLOYEES", "", "EMPLOYEE", "WOMEN", "", "1 810", "(100,0 %)", "340", "(18,8 %)", "1 350", "(74,6 %)", "", "", "120", "(6,6 %)", "MEN", "", "1 940", "(100,0 %)", "1 480", "(76,3 %)", "260", "(13,4 %)", "", "", "200", "(10,3 %)", "SOURCE: MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AGENCY.", "35.WOMEN IN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTER FOR AGRICULTURE, FORESTS AND FISHERIES.", "36.ARE WOMEN AND MEN ALREADY TREATY?", "MEN ARE BEAUCHED TREATIES THAT WOMEN ARE", "", "TO ANYONE, MEN ARE BETTER TREATIES", "WOMEN", "EQUAL TREATMENT", "", "################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################", "", "WOMEN ARE BEAUCHED AND TREATY AS MEN", "", "NO OPINION", "1. FAMILY LIFE", "(TOTAL OF RESPONSES)", "WOMEN (1 971)", "16,8", "47,0", "29,1", "3,9", "0,6", "2,7", "MEN (1 553)", "8,9", "39,2", "42,9", "5,7", "0,6", "2,7", "2. AT WORK", "WOMEN (1 971)", "20,8", "42,9", "16,6", "2,5", "0,5", "16,8", "MEN (1 553)", "12,7", "42,9", "28,7", "4,8", "0,5", "10,4", "3. EDUCATION", "WOMEN (1 971)", "3,2", "15,4", "58,0", "3,9", "0,7", "18,8", "MEN (1 553)", "1,9", "9,3", "63,8", "4,9", "0,6", "19,5", "4.POLITICAL", "WOMEN (1 971)", "43,7", "38,0", "8,9", "0,7", "0,2", "8,5", "MEN (1 553)", "30,7", "42,2", "18,3", "1,4", "0,3", "6,7", "5.ROIT OR OTHER INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES", "WOMEN (1 971)", "17,2", "37,7", "30,8", "1,3", "0,3", "12,7", "MEN (1 553)", "10,0", "30,5", "48,8", "3,1", "0,5", "7,7", "6. FEEDINGS, CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES", "WOMEN (1 971)", "28,4", "50,4", "12,1", "2,7", "0,3", "6,0", "MEN (1 553)", "20,3", "53,4", "19,3", "2,6", "0,5", "3,9", "0", "20", "40", "60", "80", "100", "SOURCE: THE FIRST MINISTER'S CABINET.", "37.WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FOR EQUALITY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN?", "(INQUIRY IN 1992)", "TOTAL REPLIES", "", "", "THE WOMEN, THEY ARE,", "MORE COMPETENT", "(1)", "REFORM SOCIAL PRACTICES, ETC.", "(2)", "", "REWATCH LAWS AND SYSTEMS", "(3)", "", "Adopt and strengthen systems to promote women to important outlets", "(4)", "", "IMPROVING THE MECHANISMS AND SERVICES TO HELP WOMEN", "(5)", "", "OTHER", "", "", "NOT", "OPINION", "PERSONS", "(%)", "(%)", "(%)", "(%)", "(%)", "(%)", "(%)", "TOTAL", "3 524", "28,0", "26,8", "13,1", "12,7", "9,3", "0,6", "9,7", "WOMEN", "1 971", "28,1", "26,3", "12,4", "11,1", "11,1", "0,4", "10,7", "MEN", "1 553", "27,8", "27,3", "13,9", "14,7", "7,1", "0,8", "8,4", "[SEX AND AGE GROUP]", "(FEMALES)", "AGE 20-29", "221", "28,1", "30,3", "8,6", "14,9", "15,8", "0,5", "1,8", "30-39", "387", "25,6", "31,0", "11,6", "11,6", "17,1", "0,3", "2,8", "40-49", "464", "29,1", "27,4", "15,3", "12,1", "11,0", "—", "5,2", "50-59", "407", "30,2", "23,8", "13,5", "11,1", "8,4", "0,5", "12,5", "60 AND THE SIDE", "492", "27,4", "22,0", "11,0", "7,9", "6,5", "0,6", "24,6", "(MANS)", "AGE 20-29", "195", "23,6", "31,8", "9,2", "15,9", "9,7", "0,5", "9,2", "30-39", "239", "19,7", "33,1", "19,7", "12,1", "10,9", "0,8", "3,8", "40-49", "373", "37,5", "25,2", "9,7", "13,4", "6,7", "1,1", "6,4", "50-59", "315", "27,0", "27,9", "12,7", "15,9", "8,9", "0,6", "7,0", "60 AND THE SIDE", "431", "26,2", "23,4", "17,4", "15,8", "3,0", "0,9", "13,2", "[SIZED SIZE]", "(FEMALES)", "TOKYO (Special Distributive Trades)", "119", "36,1", "23,5", "16,8", "7,6", "9,2", "—", "6,7", "DESIGNATED CITES", "266", "32,0", "22,2", "12,8", "12,4", "13,2", "—", "7,5", "AVERAGE SIZE CITES", "694", "29,7", "27,7", "12,8", "10,7", "9,7", "0,4", "9,1", "SMALL CITES", "391", "24,0", "24,0", "14,1", "13,8", "12,8", "0,5", "10,7", "CITIES AND CITIES", "501", "25,1", "29,1", "9,2", "9,6", "11,0", "0,4", "15,6", "[ BY TYPE OF EMPLOYMENT]", "(FEMALES)", "WITH EMPLOYMENT", "1 081", "29,0", "27,5", "12,7", "10,8", "12,6", "0,2", "7,2", "INDEPENDENT WORKERS", "111", "24,3", "27,9", "16,2", "10,8", "9,0", "0,9", "10,8", "FAMILY WORKERS", "262", "24,0", "26,7", "15,6", "9,2", "12,6", "0,4", "11,5", "EMPLOYEE", "708", "31,6", "27,7", "11,0", "11,4", "13,1", "—", "5,1", "WITHOUT EMPLOYMENT", "890", "27,0", "24,9", "12,0", "11,3", "9,2", "0,6", "14,9", "HOUSEHOLDERS", "714", "27,5", "25,5", "12,7", "11,9", "10,1", "0,4", "11,9", "WITHOUT EMPLOYMENT", "176", "25,0", "22,7", "9,1", "9,1", "5,7", "1,1", "27,3", "OTHER", "[MATRIMONIAL SITUATION]", "(FEMALES)", "MARIEES", "1 560", "28,1", "26,0", "12,8", "11,2", "12,4", "0,3", "9,3", "I'M MARIE", "164", "34,1", "31,7", "9,1", "13,4", "8,5", "—", "3,0", "[LAUGHS OF THEIR MOST CHILDREN]", "(FEMALES)", "WITH CHILDREN", "1 710", "26,9", "25,8", "12,8", "11,1", "11,6", "0,4", "11,3", "FOR THE LESS OF 5 YEARS", "264", "20,5", "29,5", "11,7", "14,4", "20,8", "0,8", "2,3", "FROM 6 TO 10", "194", "28,9", "29,4", "12,9", "12,9", "13,4", "—", "2,6", "11 A 15", "197", "26,9", "25,4", "13,7", "11,7", "16,2", "—", "6,1", "16 A 20", "244", "33,2", "28,3", "14,3", "10,2", "8,2", "—", "5,7", "21 AND THE SIDE", "811", "26,6", "23,2", "12,5", "9,6", "8,1", "0,6", "19,4", "CHILDREN-FREE", "261", "36,0", "29,5", "9,6", "11,1", "7,3", "—", "6,5", "SOURCE: THE FIRST MINISTER'S CABINET.", "NOTES:1)Women are struggling to produce more weight in society by their economic empowerment and the acquisition of knowledge and skills.", "2) REFORM THE IDEAS, MENTALITIES, COSTS AND PRACTICES CONCERNING WOMEN.", "3) EXAMINING LAWS AND SYSTEMS TO MODIFY THOSE WHO CONDUCE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN.", "4) To develop and strengthen systems to promote women to important positions in the public sector and the private sector.", "5) IMPROVE THE MECHANISMS AND SERVICES CONCERNING HELPING WOMEN IN THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIFE AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL LIFE.", "38.PENAL INFRACTIONS (OF WHICH WOMEN ARE VICTIMES) CONCERNED BY TYPE OF INFRACT", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL POLICE.", "NOTES:1. TRAFFIC DETAILS ARE NOT INCLUDED.", "2. PARMIME THE CASES OF MORE THAN ONE VICTIM, THESE OR THE KEY VICTIMS HAVE BEEN WOMEN", "BE INCLUDED IN THE CI-DESSUS TABLE.", "3.The FIGURES BETWEEN PARENTHS represent the RATIO OF INFRACTIONS OF WHICH WOMEN HAVE BEEN VICTIMES.", "4.INFRACTIONS WITH LEGAL WORLD PERSONNALIES OR BODIES HAVE BEEN VICTIMS AND THESE OR THERE ARE NO VICTIMS NOT INCLUDED.", "39.NOMBER OF COMPLAINTS RECEIVED FOR PENAL INFRACTIONS AND DATA FOLLOW-UP (MOOR AND VIOLS)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTER OF JUSTICE.", "CONTINUING", "NOTE: PERCENTAGE OF PERFORMANCE = x 100", "CONTINUITIES = ABSENCE OF CONTINUITIES", "40.NUMBER OF PROSTITUTION AFFAIRS INSTRUCTIONS BY APPLICABLE PROVISIONS", "1980 1985 1990 1991 1992", "TOTAL 4,801 12,710 6,352 5,500 6,516", "ACT AGAINST PROSTITUTION", "PART TOTAL 4,419 11,617 6,124 5,287 6,315", "RACOLING (ARTICLE 5) 885 697 313 396 477", "PROXENETISM (ARTICLE 6) 1 887 6 258 3 118 2 633 3 285", "PROSTITUTION BY CHANAGE (ARTICLE 7) 12 7 7 6 —", "ACCEPTATIONA REMUNERATION (ARTICLE 8) 5 — 2 2 —", "ANTICIPATED PAYMENTS (ARTICLE 9) 21 17 3 — 27", "PASSATIONOF A PROSTITUTION CONTRACT (ARTICLE 10) 1 073 4 193 2 491 2 015 2 311", "HOTEL PROXENETISM (ARTICLE 11.1) 174 183 57 99 76", "(ARTICLE 11.2) 244 136 88 91 67", "TRADE IN THE PROSTITUTION (ARTICLE 12) 93 99 24 24 55", "FUND SUPPLEMENTING (ARTICLE 13) 25 27 21 21 17", "PENAL CODE", "INCITATION TO ILLICITY REPORTS (CHAPTER 22) — 4 — 1 —", "ENLARGEMENT (CHAPTER 33) 1 1 — — —", "OTHER 5 29 11 6 16", "EMPLOYMENT SECURITY ACT", "INTRODUCTION TO PERNICIAL EMPLOYMENT (ARTICLE 63) 45 215 71 54 63", "OTHER 3 8 2 1 —", "CHILD PROTECTION ACT", "INCITATION OF CHILDREN TO LICENCY ACTS (ARTICLE 34.1.6) 308 691 115 133 106", "OTHER 13 135 28 17 16", "LABOUR STANDARDS ACT", "OPERATION(ARTICLE 6) — 1 — — —", "OTHER 7 9 1 1 —", "VENERIAN DISEASE PREVENTION ACT — — — — — —", "SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL POLICE.", "41.INFRACTIONS TO THE PROSTITUTION ACT", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTER OF JUSTICE.", "CONTINUING", "NOTE: PERCENTAGE OF PERFORMANCE = x 100", "CONTINUING + ABSENCE OF CONTINUITIES", "42.STUDENTS AND DIPLOMES OF UNIVERSITY OF THE WORLD", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTER OF EDUCATION.", "43.PUBLIC PROFESSIONAL TRAINING ESTABLISHMENTS AND THEIR EFFECTIVES", "PUBLIC PROFESSIONAL TRAINING ESTABLISHMENTS PERCENTAGE OF PARTICIPATION BY SEX", "TOTAL NATIONAL LEVEL PREFECTORAL LEVEL TOTAL WOMEN", "1980 399 104 295 100,0 27,5 72,5", "1985 380 104 276 100,0 20,2 79,8", "1990 383 106 277 100,0 30,6 69,4", "1991 382 105 277 100,0 34,0 66,0", "1992 382 105 277 — — —", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF WORK.", "44(1).TIME EVERY SEX CONSACCURES EACH DAY AT ITS ACTIVITIES (AMOUNT OF WEEKLY)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AGENCY.", "NOTES:1. \"MENAGE\" IN 1976 AND 1981, INCLUDES CHILD CARE.", "\"Family/Infrastructure\" CONSTITUTES A CATEGORY SINCE 1991.", "3. \"Social activities\" was defined as \"social activities\" before 1986.", "4. \"Active LISURES\" REPONSES THE SUMMIT OF \"Studies and Research\", \"FAVORARY PASSET-TIME AND DIVERSEMENT\", \"SPORTS\" AND \"BENEVOLLE SOCIAL ACTIVITIES\".", "5. \"DOMSTIC LEISURES\" REPONSES THE \"TELEVISION, RADIO, DAYS AND REVIEWS\" AND \"REPOS AND DETENT\".", "(DANS THE DUBLE INCOME FAMILY)", "(HOURS, MINUTES)", "WOMEN", "", "", "MARI", "1986", "", "1991", "1986", "", "1991", "PRIMARY ACTIVITIES", "SUMME", "PERSONAL HYGIENE", "REPAS", "9,59", "7,16", "1,04", "1,39", "", "", "", "", "9,57", "7,10", "1,09", "1,38", "10,12", "7,48", "0,48", "1,36", "", "", "", "", "10,10", "7,43", "0,52", "1,35", "SECONDARY ACTIVITIES", "TRAVEL", "WORK", "SCHOOL WORK", "HOUSEHOLD", "FAMILY/INFRIFIERS CARE", "Children ' s care", "COURSE", "10,01", "0,25", "5,24", "0,00", "3,23", "—", "0,18", "0,32", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "9,47", "0,26", "5,04", "0,00", "3,22", "0,04", "0,16", "0,35", "8,42", "0,45", "7,43", "0,00", "0,07", "—", "0,02", "0,06", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "8,35", "0,46", "7,29", "0,00", "0,08", "0,01", "0,03", "0,07", "TERRITORIES", "DEMOCRACY", "TELEVISION, RADIO, JOURNAUX AND REVIEWS", "REPOSIT AND DETENTION", "STUDIES AND RESEARCH", "FAVORI TIME PASS AND DIVERSEMENTS", "SPORTS", "SOCIAL ACTIVITIES", "ASSOCIATION", "MEDICAL REVIEW OR TREATMENT", "OTHER ACTIVITIES", "POSSITIVE ACTIVITIES", "DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES", "4,00", "0,17", "1,40", "1,02", "0,05", "0,19", "0,05", "0,02", "0,18", "0,05", "0,11", "0,29", "2,42", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "4,16", "0,18", "1,46", "1,05", "0,05", "0,19", "0,06", "0,04", "0,18", "0,05", "0,08", "0,34", "2,51", "5,06", "0,20", "2,07", "1,11", "0,06", "0,27", "0,10", "0,03", "0,27", "0,04", "0,10", "0,46", "3,18", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "5,15", "0,19", "2,13", "1,11", "0,06", "0,31", "0,10", "0,06", "0,27", "0,04", "0,08", "0,53", "3,24", "SOURCE: MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION AGENCY.", "NOTES:1. \"MENAGE\" IN 1976 AND 1981, INCLUDES CHILD CARE.", "\"Family/Infrastructure\" CONSTITUTES A CATEGORY SINCE 1991.", "3. \"Social activities\" was defined as \"social activities\" before 1986.", "4. \"Active LISURES\" REPONSES THE SUMMIT OF \"Studies and Research\", \"FAVORARY PASSET-TIME AND DIVERSEMENT\", \"SPORTS\" AND \"BENEVOLLE SOCIAL ACTIVITIES\".", "5. \"DOMSTIC LEISURES\" REPONSES THE \"TELEVISION, RADIO, DAYS AND REVIEWS\" AND \"REPOS AND DETENT\".", "45.NUMBER AND CAPACITY OF CHILD GUARDERS", "NUMBER OF CHILD GUARDIES", "CAPACITY", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "21 960", "22 899", "22 703", "22 669", "22 637", "2 128 190", "2 080 451", "1 978 989", "1 968 666", "1 958 796", "SOURCE: MINISTER FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION", "46. WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION IN THE ELECTIONS TO THE REPRESENTATIVES' ROOM AND THE ROOM OF THE", "CONSULTANTS", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTER FOR INTERNAL AFFAIRS.", "47.Number of women members of the Commission", "[TABLE]", "SOURCES : SECRETARIAT OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND SECRETARIAT OF THE HOUSE OF CONSULTANTS.", "48.PERCENTAGE OF PARTICIPATION IN UNIFIED LOCAL ELECTIONS", "(%)", "1975 1979 1983 1987 1991", "WOMEN MEN WOMEN MEN MEN WOMEN MEN WOMEN MEN WOMEN MEN", "PREFECTURE GOVERNERS 73.06 70.72 65.18 62.93 64.92 61.40 61.58 57.89 56.41 52.36", "MEMBERS OF THE PREFECTORAL ASSEMBLY 75.17 73.00 70.63 68.05 69.92 66.90 68.35 64.85 62.40 58.45", "DESIGNATED CITES MAYS 71.47 67.50 70.78 66.32 73.81 68.04 69.44 64.34 67.31 64.02", "DESIGNATED MUNICIPAL CITES CONSULTANTS 66.48 62.33 59.99 55.54 62.64 57.26 61.01 55.53 54.56 48.98", "CITES MAYS 78.54 75.13 77.28 73.25 74.44 70.21 72.44 68.02 69.24 63.72", "CITES MUNICIPAL CONSULTANTS 79.45 75.50 78.26 73.78 77.62 72.72 72.57 67.89 68.13 62.45", "SPECIAL DISTRICTS RESPONSIBLE 58.08 52.63 58.25 52.26 56.94 50.41 53.79 47.62 52.68 45.65", "MEMBERS OF THE SPECIAL DISTRICTS ASSEMBLES 58.20 52.75 59.05 53.06 57.70 51.08 54.05 47.76 52.46 45.40", "CITY AND CITY MAIRS 92.20 90.16 90.90 88.82 93.13 90.52 91.07 88.25 88.23 84.38", "CITY/CITY MUNICIPAL CONSULTANTS 93.68 91.56 93.62 91.18 93.47 90.79 91.70 88.67 89.03 85.15", "SOURCE: MINISTER FOR INTERNAL AFFAIRS.", "49.Number of women members of the local authorities", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTER FOR INTERNAL AFFAIRS.", "50.MINISTRY POSTS FOR WOMEN", "PERIOD POSTS", "Minister of Health and Social Protection 1960.19.07.- 1960.08.12", "DIRECTOR GENERAL OF THE SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT 1962.18.07.- 1963.18.07", "DIRECTOR GENERAL OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEPARTMENT 1984.01.11.- 1985.28.12", "DIRECTOR GENERAL OF THE ECONOMIC PLANNING Department 1989.10.08.- 1990.28.02", "DIRECTOR GENERAL OF THE ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT 1989.10.08.- 1989.25.08", "First Secretary of the Ministry of State (Cabinet) 1989.25.08.- 1990.28.02", "DIRECTOR GENERAL OF THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT 1990.29.12.- 1991.05.11", "MINISTER OF EDUCATION 1992.12.12.- 1993.09.08", "MINISTER OF EDUCATION 1993.09.08.-", "DIRECTOR GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC PLANNING 1993.09.08.-", "DIRECTOR GENERAL OF THE ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT 1993.09.08.-", "SOURCE: THE FIRST MINISTER'S CABINET.", "51.VICE-MINISTRES PARLIAMENTARY WOMEN (SIN 1985)", "POSITIONS", "PERIOD", "VICE-MINISTRE", "FOREIGN AFFAIRS", "1984. 02.11. - 1985. 28.12", "ENVIRONMENT", "1988. 22.07. - 1988. 28.12", "DEVELOPMENT OF OKINAWA", "1988. 28.12. - 1989. 03.06", "DEVELOPMENT OF OKINAWA", "1989. 03.06. - 1989. 10.08", "WORK", "1989. 10.08. - 1990. 28.02", "HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION", "1990. 29.12. - 1991. 05.11", "WORK", "1992. 26.12. - 1993. 12.08", "MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION", "1993. 12.08. -", "SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL", "1993. 12.08. -", "SOURCE: THE FIRST MINISTER'S CABINET.", "52 (1).PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN NATIONAL CONSULTATIVE COUNCILS", "Number of advisory councils (A)", "", "ADVICE WITH WOMEN (B)", "", "RATIO", "B/A (%)", "TOTAL NUMBER OF ADVISORY COUNCIL MEMBERS (C)", "", "NUMBER OF MEMBER WOMEN (D)", "", "RATIO", "D/C (%)", "1980", "199", "92", "46,2", "4 504", "186", "4,1", "1985", "206", "114", "55,3", "4 664", "255", "5,5", "1990", "204", "141", "69,1", "4 559", "359", "7,9", "1991", "203", "154", "75,9", "4 434", "398", "9,0", "1992", "200", "156", "78,0", "4 497", "432", "9,6", "1993", "203", "164", "80,8", "4 560", "472", "10,4", "SOURCE: THE FIRST MINISTER'S CABINET.", "52 (2).PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE CONSULTATIVE ADVICE OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONS", "Number of advisory councils (A)", "", "ADVICE WITH WOMEN (B)", "", "RATIO", "B/A (%)", "TOTAL NUMBER OF COUNCIL MEMBERS (C)", "", "NUMBER OF MEMBER WOMEN (D)", "", "RATIO", "D/C (%)", "1985", "2 075", "0,953", "45,9", "52 614", "3 851", "7,3", "1990", "1 846", "1,011", "54,8", "49 732", "4 395", "8,8", "1991", "1 840", "1,053", "57,2", "49 566", "4 538", "9,2", "1992", "1 804", "1,104", "61,2", "49 925", "4 798", "9,6", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF WORK.", "52 (3).NUMBER OF COMMISSIONERS ON CIVILE FREEDOMS", "TOTAL WOMEN RATIO OF WOMEN (%)", "1980 11 500 1 360 11,8", "1985 11 500 1 611 14,0", "1987 11 500 1 661 14,4", "1988 12 024 1 754 14,6", "1989 12 548 1 981 15,8", "1990 13 072 2 339 17,9", "1991 13 072 2 546 19,8", "1992 13 072 2 726 21,0", "SOURCE: MINISTER OF JUSTICE.", "53.Presentation of Women to the Higher Levels of National Public Administration (DIRECTOR AND AT THE SIDE)", "NATIONAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DIRECTORS GENERAL DIRECTORS", "TOTAL WOMEN % OF WOMEN TOTAL WOMEN % OF WOMEN TOTAL WOMEN % OF WOMEN", "1980 248 659 34 828 14,0 1,559 3 0,2 6,459 39 0,6", "1985 245 386 34 574 14,1 1,623 2 0,1 6,815 47 0,7", "1990 240 502 35 143 14,6 1,627 8 0,5 7,316 61 0,8", "1991 240 094 35 719 14,9 1,571 5 0,3 7,330 62 0,8", "SOURCE: OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL PERSONNEL.", "NOTE: \"NATIONAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION\" REVOTES TO THE CATEGORIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES (I)", "AND DESIGNATED SERVICES (INCLUDING, SINCE 1986, ALL REGISTERED ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE)", "OCCUPATIONAL)", "54.PRESENCE OF WOMEN TO THE HIGHER SCHELES OF THE LOCAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONS", "(1) PRESENTATION POSITIONS IN PRESENTOR ADMINISTRATIONS (DIRECTORS AND AT THE SIDE)", "TOTAL NUMBER OF PUBLIC LOCAL EMPLOYEES", "", "Number of women", "", "PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN", "", "PERCENTAGE", "1 JUNE 1991", "SIEGE OF", "", "TOTAL", "17 533", "271", "1,5", "1,4", "ADMINISTRATION", "", "SECRETARIAT OF THE GOVERNING", "10 657", "227", "2,1", "1,9", "PREFECTORAL", "", "EDUCATION OFFICE", "1 286", "31", "2,4", "1,7", "OTHER", "5 590", "13", "0,2", "0,2", "TOTAL", "20 350", "904", "4,4", "4,3", "AGENCY OF", "", "SECRETARIAT OF THE GOVERNING", "15 957", "814", "5,1", "5,1", "QUARTERS AND", "", "EDUCATION OFFICE", "1 482", "29", "2,0", "1,1", "DISTRICT", "", "OTHER", "2 911", "61", "2,1", "1,7", "SOURCE: SURVEY BY THE MINISTER OF LABOUR ON 1 JUNE 1992.", "(2) SHARE OF WOMEN OCCUPATING DIRECTORATE POSTS IN PREFECTORAL ADMINISTRATIONS (SIEGE)", "HIGHER FRAMEWORKS WOMEN GENERAL DIRECTOR LEVEL DIRECTOR GENERAL ADJUSTING LEVEL DIRECTOR", "SECRETARIAT OF THE GOVERNOR NUMBER 227 16 25 186", "PERCENTAGE (100.0 %) (7.1%) (11.0%) (81.9 %)", "NUMBER OF MEMBER STATES AS AT 1 JUNE 1991 187 16 23 148", "EDUCATION OFFICE NUMBER 31 0 3 28", "OTHER NUMBER 13 2 1 10", "SOURCE: SURVEY BY THE MINISTER OF LABOUR ON 1 JUNE 1992.", "55.NUMBER OF JUDGES", "TOTAL ADDITIONAL JUDGMENTS", "TOTAL WOMEN RATIO OF WOMEN TOTAL WOMEN RATIO OF WOMEN TOTAL WOMEN RATIO OF WOMEN", "1980 2 747 76 2,8 2 134 43 2,0 613 33 5,4", "1985 2 792 93 3,3 2 183 49 2,2 609 44 7,2", "1990 2 823 141 5,0 2 214 68 3,1 609 73 12,0", "1991 2 828 156 5,5 2 191 71 3,2 614 85 13,8", "1992 2 835 171 6,0 2 191 71 3,2 621 100 16,1", "SOURCE: SUPREME COURT.", "56.NUMBER OF PROCURERS", "TOTAL FIRST CLASS SECOND CLASS", "PROCURERS PROCURERS ASSISTANT PROCURERS", "TOTAL WOMEN RATIO OF WOMEN TOTAL WOMEN RATIO OF WOMEN TOTAL WOMEN RATIO OF WOMEN TOTAL WOMEN RATIO OF WOMEN", "1980 2 129 25 1,2 537 5 0,9 701 19 2,7 891 1 0,1", "1985 2 104 27 1,3 565 3 0,5 665 23 3,5 874 1 0,1", "1990 2 059 44 2,1 570 6 1,1 617 36 5,8 872 2 0,2", "1991 2 049 46 2,2 555 7 1,3 617 38 6,2 877 1 0,1", "1992 2 039 49 2,4 566 6 1,1 608 42 6,9 865 1 0,1", "1993 2 048 57 2,8 566 6 1,1 618 48 7,8 864 3 0,3", "SOURCE: MINISTER OF JUSTICE.", "57.REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN POLITICAL PARTICIPATION", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: SECRETARIATS OF POLITICAL PARTIES.", "NOTE: THE FIGURES OF AN ASTERISQUE REPRESENT APPROXIMATE NUMBERS.", "58.JAPANIA IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS", "1980 1985 1990 1993", "TOTAL WOMEN TOTAL WOMEN TOTAL WOMEN TOTAL WOMEN", "United Nations 61 9 (14.8 per cent) 79 21 (26.6 per cent) 73 28 (38.4 per cent) 73 34 (46.6 per cent)", "UNCTAD 5 0 (—) 10 2 (20.0) 9 3 (33.3) 10 3 (30.0)", "UNDP 25 6 (24.00) 26 13 (36.1) 37 19 (51.4) 33 12 (36.4)", "UNFPA 7 2 (28.6) 7 4 (57.1) 9 6 (66.7%) 11 6 (54.5)", "UNEP 3 1 (33.3) 7 3 (42.9) 9 4 (44.4) 9 2 (22.2)", "UNHCR 12 3 (25.0) 21 7 (33.3) 28 11 (39.5) 41 24 (58.5)", "UNICEF 10 2 (20.0) 31 14 (45.2) 29 16 (55.2) 27 15 (55.6)", "UNIDO 16 3 (18.8) 19 2 (10.5) 31 9 (29.3) 31 10 (32.3)", "UNU 6 1 (16.7) 11 3 (27.3) 3 1 (33.3) 4 1 (25.0)", "ESCAP 25 1 (4.0) 34 6 (17.6) 19 5 (29.4) 13 5 (38.5)", "ILO 20 3 (15.0) 31 6 (19.4) 23 4 (17.4) 26 9 (34.6)", "FAO 34 2 (5.9) 40 3 (7.5) 41 6 (14.6) 43 7 (16.3)", "WFP — — 4 1 (25.0%) 12 2 (16.7) 12 3 (25.0%)", "UNESCO 26 4 (15.4) 25 7 (28.0) 34 10 (29.4) 36 15 (41.7)", "WHO 24 1 (4.2) 37 4 (10.8) 46 9 (19.6) 44 9 (20.5)", "IMF 22 5 (22.7) 28 7 (25.0) 29 4 (13.8) 31 7 (22.6)", "IBRD 53 14 (26.4) 67 21 (31.3) 98 34 (37.4) 107 33 (30.8)", "IDA, SFI", "ADB 41 0 (—) 62 1 (1.6) 60 4 (6.7) 65 2 (3.1)", "OECD 32 0 (—) 41 0 (—) 48 6 (12.5) 49 7 (14.3)", "ITU 11 0 (-) 9 0 (-) 9 1 (11.1) 5 1 (20.0)", "SOURCE: MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS.", "59.INSTITUTIONS OF SOCIAL EDUCATION", "COMMUNITY SALLES LOCAL SOCIAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS MUSEUM BIBLIOTHS EDUCATIONAL CENTRES FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG EDUCATIONAL CENTRES FOR WOMEN IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS", "EX.1978 16 452 82 1 200 493 696 89 13 662", "1981 17 222 163 1 437 578 940 119 19 391", "1984 17 520 282 1 642 676 1 031 100 24 605", "1987 17 440 566 1 801 737 1 053 199 34 489", "1990 17 347 584 1 960 790 1 154 213 —", "SOURCE: MINISTER OF EDUCATION.", "60.SOCIAL EQUIPMENT FOR WORKERS", "LEISURE CENTRES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES NATIONAL CENTRE OF YOUNG WORKERS PLYVALENT CENTRES OF ASSISTANCE TO WORKERS CENTRES OF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE TO WORKERS SPORTIVE CENTRES FOR WORKERS POLYVALENT CENTRES OF ASSISTANCE TO WORKERS SIXED CENTRES OF WORKERS SALLING OUT TO WORKERS SOCIAL CENTRES FOR YOUNG WORKERS CENTRES FOR WOMEN AT WORK", "EX.1975 6 1 2 22 165 — 62 42 313 69", "1980 6 1 2 24 520 — 150 108 429 124", "1985 6 1 4 24 805 — 269 152 516 195", "1990 6 1 6 24 1 020 60 351 152 535 223", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF WORK.", "61.SOCIAL EDUCATION COURSES BY MATER (EX. 90)", "TOTAL", "COURSE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE", "COURSES FOR GENERAL ADULTS", "COURSE FOR WOMEN", "COURSE FOR STAFF", "OTHER", "TOTAL", "74 006", "10 360", "34 586", "16 869", "7 949", "4 242", "CULTURAL STUDIES", "28 352", "3 880", "12 129", "6 734", "4 795", "814", "PHYSICAL AND LEISURE YEARS", "16 098", "4 312", "6 294", "2 696", "1 281", "1 515", "EDUCATION", "FAMILY EDUCATION", "17 175", "", "474", "", "10 591", "", "4 830", "", "357", "", "923", "PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND APTITUDES", "2 722", "210", "1 773", "578", "80", "81", "INITIATION TO SOCIAL LIFE", "6 599", "810", "2 981", "1 467", "942", "399", "OTHER", "3 060", "674", "818", "564", "494", "510", "SOURCE: MINISTER OF EDUCATION.", "62.Number of institutions providing courses on the female question by typeINSTITUTION (EX. 90)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTER OF EDUCATION.", "NOTE: FIGURES BETWEEN PARENTHS REPRESENT RATIO OF INSTITUTIONS PROPOSING COURSES ON THE WOMEN'S QUESTION.", "63.Number of CENTRES FOR THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN BY TYPEORGANISATION (EX 90)", "TOTAL NATIONAL LEVEL PREFECTORAL LEVEL ESTABLISHED BY CITES/DISTRICTS BY CITIES ESTABLISHED BY VILLAGES ESTABLISHED BY COOPERATIVES ESTABLISHED BY FUNDATIONS", "214 1 15 55 16 1 - 126", "64.THE THINK WOMEN WHO WORK CHANGES TO PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT BY PROMULGATION OF THE EALITY ACT BEFOREEMPLOYMENT (1990 SURVEY)", "NO RESPONSE", "5,8 %", "There are no changes", "39,3 %", "NO OPINION", "23,4 %", "CHANGES", "31,4 %", "OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROMOTION AND INCREMENT", "THERE ARE BETTER SALARY.", "WOMEN HAVE BEEN RECOMMENDED TO POSITIONS OF", "RESPONSIBILITY.", "There are women at management posts.", "WORKERS' ASSISTANCE STRUCTURES, INCLUDING", "THE PARENTAL CONGE, HAVE BEEN IN PLACE.", "The opinions on the work are noted.", "SUPPLEMENTARY WORK TO BE ENGINEED.", "THE WORK IS BETTER DEPENDING.", "WOMEN EXERCISE THE SAME JOBS THAT MEN ARE.", "THE AREAS OF EMPLOYMENT ARE ENLARGED.", "The ECART BETWEEN WORKERS HAS BEEN ELARGI.", "THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRANSFER ARE GROWTH.", "MISCELLANEOUS WORKS HAVE DIMENSIOND.", "MISCELLANEOUS.", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF WORK.", "65.CHANGES IN ATTENTION OF UNDERTAKINGS IN THE ATTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYMENT TO WOMEN", "66.OBSTACLES FOR THE USE OF WOMEN'S WORKERS (Company RESPONSES: 1992 SURVEY)", "ALL POSTS MUST BE OPENED", "WOMEN (23.0%)", "WOMEN MUST BE AFFECTED TO ALL POSITIONS IN FUNCTION", "OF THEIR QUALIFICATIONS AND THEIR PASTITUDES (55.0%)", "Women should be given equal opportunities to participate in the work of the European Parliament.", "CORRESPONDENT POSITIONS", "SPECIFICITY AND THEIR SENSIBILITY", "OF WOMEN (45.7%)", "Women should be given equal opportunities to participate in the work of the European Parliament.", "CORRESPONDENT POSITIONS", "SPECIFICITY AND THEIR SENSIBILITY", "OF WOMEN (37.6%)", "WOMEN MUST BE SENT ON ONLY", "ADDILIARY EMPLOYMENT (7.9%)", "WOMEN MUST BE AFFECTED TO THE POST", "TO THEIR QUALIFICATIONS", "PROFESSIONAL (16.7 %)", "WOMEN MUST BE SENT ON ONLY", "ADDITIONAL EMPLOYMENT (5.3 %)", "OTHER RESPONSES (6.4%)", "OTHER ANSWERS (1.5%)", "NO RESPONSE (0.2%)", "NO RESPONSE (0.6%)", "SOCIETY IN GENERAL AND CLIENTS IN THE", "TRADE PARTNERS, IN PARTICULAR,", "I don't think you'd understand.", "MEDIUM FRAMEWORKS AND COLLEGES OF MADEX", "I don't think you'd understand.", "There are legal RESTRICTIONS TO THE EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN.", "Women's occupational life is usually stale.", "Women are generally less conscious.", "FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES MUST BE ACCOUNTED.", "DO NOT KNOW WHAT TO EMPLOY WOMEN.", "OTHER ANSWERS.", "67.AVERAGE DURATION OF THE MATERNITY CONGE BY WORKING WOMEN", "(JOURS)", "YEAR", "", "", "BEFORE THE CATCH", "AFTER THE ACHIEVEMENT", "1965", "1971", "1973", "1974", "1976", "1978", "1981", "1985", "1988", "1991", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "34,4", "36,4", "35,1", "36,2", "36,4", "36,6", "38,5", "36,4", "37,0 (46,5)", "38,5 (52,4)", "46,4", "46,6", "47,3", "47,9", "48,7", "48,3", "48,8", "49,7", "56,0 (64,4)", "58,1 (58,8)", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF WORK.", "NOTE: FIGURES BETWEEN PARENTHS REPRESENT THE LONGER OF CONGES", "OF MATEERNITY BY WOMEN WHO HAVE A MOTHER BIGNESS.", "68.DESIGNATION OF EQUALITY PROMOTORS", "TOTAL NUMBER OF PROMOTIONS FOR EQUALITY", "END EX. 88", "END EX. 89", "END EX. 90", "END EX. 91", "END EX. 92", "20 361", "32 087", "40 570", "46 431", "50 234", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF WORK.", "69.NUMBER OF INTENTIONED WOMEN FOLLOWING MEDICAL REVIEWS", "NUMBER OF WOMEN IN CENTRALLY INSTITUTED WITHIN THE", "OF THE MEDICAL REVIEWS", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "312 466", "252 914", "160 610", "148 292", "151 808", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION.", "70.HEALTH ADVICE FOR CENTENTRAL WOMEN", "WOMEN", "", "", "AFTER THE ACHIEVEMENT", "Number of women who have been given their first advice", "", "TOTAL NUMBER OF WOMEN WHO HAVE RECEIVED ADVICE", "Number of women who have been given their first advice", "", "TOTAL NUMBER OF WOMEN WHO HAVE RECEIVED ADVICE", "1980", "1985", "1990", "1991", "1992", "565 171", "549 629", "497 834", "500 313", "505 430", "", "", "", "", "", "811 123", "752 999", "638 262", "641 995", "650 320", "327 860", "363 257", "357 130", "348 941", "352 455", "", "", "", "", "", "389 666", "431 380", "422 065", "411 121", "417 151", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION.", "71.Number of cases of AIDS and seropositivity by TRANSMISSION CAUSE (CUMULATIVE TOTAL as at 30 JUNE 1993)", "[TABLE]", "SOURCE: MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROTECTION." ]	"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"
"lS/FsCcSr/kupokxDhGuSIlgMnlTVTSyueZfvvBk9VQ="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.13/Rev.1", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (b)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OF THE", "TWELFTH SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: CONVENTION", "ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "Algeria, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Madagascar,", "Malaysia, Mexico and Viet Nam: draft resolution", "Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons", "The General Assembly,", "Convinced that the use of nuclear weapons poses the most serious threat to the survival of mankind,", "Convinced also that a multilateral agreement prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons should strengthen international security and contribute to the climate for negotiations leading to the ultimate elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the START II agreement between the Russian Federation and the United States of America aimed at reducing the strategic arsenals to 3,000 for the Russian Federation and 3,500 for the United States by the year 2003;", "Conscious that the recent steps taken by the Russian Federation and the United States of America towards a reduction of their nuclear weapons and the improvement in the international climate can contribute towards the goal of complete elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Recalling that, in paragraph 58 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 1/ it is stated that all States should", "__________", "1/ Resolution S-10/2.", "93-60350 (E) 021193 /...", "actively participate in efforts to bring about conditions in international relations among States in which a code of peaceful conduct of nations in international affairs could be agreed upon and that would preclude the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming that any use of nuclear weapons would be a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity, as declared in its resolutions 1653 (XVI) of 24 November 1961, 33/71 of 14 December 1978, 34/83 G of 11 December 1979, 35/152 D of 12 December 1980 and 36/92 I of 9 December 1981,", "Stressing that this Convention would be a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons leading to general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,", "Noting with regret that the Conference on Disarmament, during its 1993 session, was unable to undertake negotiations on this subject,", "1. Reiterates its request to the Conference on Disarmament to commence negotiations, as a matter of priority, in order to reach agreement on an international convention prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons under any circumstances, taking as a possible basis the draft Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons annexed to the present resolution;", "2. Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to report to the General Assembly on the results of those negotiations.", "Annex", "DRAFT CONVENTION ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "The States Parties to this Convention,", "Alarmed by the threat to the very survival of mankind posed by the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Convinced that any use of nuclear weapons constitutes a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity,", "Convinced that this Convention would be a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons leading to general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,", "Determined to continue negotiations for the achievement of this goal,", "Have agreed as follows:", "Article 1", "The States Parties to this Convention solemnly undertake not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons under any circumstances.", "Article 2", "This Convention shall be of unlimited duration.", "Article 3", "1. This Convention shall be open to all States for signature. Any State that does not sign the Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time.", "2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Instruments of ratification or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary‑General of the United Nations.", "3. This Convention shall enter into force on the deposit of instruments of ratification by twenty-five Governments, including the Governments of the five nuclear-weapon States, in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article.", "4. For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited after the entry into force of the Convention, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.", "5. The depositary shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession and the date of the entry into force of this Convention, as well as of the receipt of other notices.", "6. This Convention shall be registered by the depositary in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.", "Article 4", "This Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary‑General of the United Nations, who shall send duly certified copies thereof to the Government of the signatory and acceding States.", "IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this convention, opened for signature at _____ on the _____ day of _____ one thousand nine hundred and _____", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.1/48/L.13/Rev.1", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "PREMIERE COMMISSION", "Point 72 b) de l'ordre du jour", "EXAMEN ET APPLICATION DU DOCUMENT DE CLOTURE DE LA DOUZIEME", "SESSION EXTRAORDINAIRE DE L'ASSEMBLEE GENERALE : CONVENTION", "SUR L'INTERDICTION DE L'UTILISATION DES ARMES NUCLEAIRES", "Algérie, Bangladesh, Bhoutan, Bolivie, Colombie, Costa Rica,", "Egypte, Equateur, Ethiopie, Inde, Indonésie, Madagascar,", "Malaisie, Mexique, République démocratique populaire lao,", "République populaire démocratique de Corée et Viet Nam :", "projet de résolution", "Convention sur l'interdiction de l'utilisation des", "armes nucléaires", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Convaincue que l'emploi d'armes nucléaires fait peser la menace la plus grave sur la survie de l'humanité,", "Convaincue également qu'un accord multilatéral interdisant l'emploi ou la menace d'armes nucléaires renforcerait la sécurité internationale et contribuerait à créer le climat voulu pour des négociations qui conduiraient à l'élimination définitive des armes nucléaires,", "Se félicitant de l'accord START II conclu par les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et la Fédération de Russie en vue de réduire d'ici à l'an 2003 leurs arsenaux d'ogives à un maximum de 3 000 pour la Fédération de Russie et de 3 500 pour les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique,", "Consciente que les mesures que les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et la Fédération de Russie ont récemment adoptées pour réduire leurs arsenaux nucléaires et améliorer le climat international peuvent aider à l'élimination complète des armes nucléaires,", "Rappelant qu'elle a déclaré, au paragraphe 58 du Document final de sa dixième session extraordinaire[1], que tous les Etats devraient participer activement aux efforts visant à instaurer dans les relations internationales entre Etats des conditions qui permettent de s'accorder sur un code de conduite pacifique des nations dans les affaires internationales et qui excluraient la possibilité de l'emploi ou de la menace d'armes nucléaires,", "Réaffirmant que toute forme d'utilisation des armes nucléaires constituerait une violation de la Charte des Nations Unies et un crime contre l'humanité, comme elle l'a déclaré dans ses résolutions 1653 (XVI) du 24 novembre 1961, 33/71 du 14 décembre 1978, 34/83 G du 11 décembre 1980 et 36/92 I du 9 décembre 1981,", "Soulignant que la convention dont le projet fait l'objet de l'annexe ci‑après constituerait une étape sur la voie de l'élimination complète des armes nucléaires en vue d'un désarmement général et complet soumis à un contrôle international strict et efficace,", "Notant avec regret que la Conférence du désarmement n'a pu entreprendre de négociations sur la question lors de sa session de 1993,", "1. Réitère sa demande à la Conférence du désarmement d'entreprendre, en priorité, des négociations en vue de parvenir à un accord sur une convention internationale interdisant en toutes circonstances l'emploi ou la menace d'armes nucléaires, éventuellement sur la base du texte du projet de convention sur l'interdiction de l'utilisation des armes nucléaires qui figure en annexe à la présente résolution;", "2. Prie également la Conférence du désarmement de lui présenter un rapport sur les résultats de ces négociations.", "ANNEXE", "Projet de convention sur l'interdiction de l'utilisation", "des armes nucléaires", "Les Etats parties à la présente Convention,", "Alarmés par la menace que représente pour la survie même de l'humanité l'existence des armes nucléaires,", "Convaincus que toute forme d'utilisation des armes nucléaires constitue une violation de la Charte des Nations Unies et un crime contre l'humanité,", "Convaincus que la présente Convention constituerait une étape sur la voie de l'élimination complète des armes nucléaires en vue d'un désarmement général et complet soumis à un contrôle international strict et efficace,", "Résolus à poursuivre les négociations pour atteindre cet objectif,", "Sont convenus de ce qui suit :", "Article premier", "Les Etats parties à la présente Convention s'engagent solennellement à n'employer ni menacer d'employer les armes nucléaires en aucune circonstance.", "Article 2", "La présente Convention demeurera en vigueur indéfiniment.", "Article 3", "1. La présente Convention sera ouverte à la signature de tous les Etats. Un Etat qui n'aura pas signé la Convention avant son entrée en vigueur conformément au paragraphe 3 du présent article pourra y adhérer à n'importe quel moment.", "2. La présente Convention sera soumise à la ratification des Etats signataires. Le Secrétaire général de l'Organisation des Nations Unies est le dépositaire des instruments de ratification et d'adhésion.", "3. La présente Convention entrera en vigueur lorsque 25 gouvernements auront déposé les instruments de ratification, y compris les gouvernements des cinq Etats dotés d'armes nucléaires, conformément au paragraphe 2 du présent article.", "4. S'agissant des Etats qui déposeront les instruments de ratification ou d'adhésion après l'entrée en vigueur de la présente Convention, celle‑ci entrera en vigueur en ce qui les concerne à la date du dépôt de leurs instruments de ratification ou d'adhésion.", "5. Le dépositaire informera promptement tous les Etats signataires et les Etats ayant adhéré à la Convention de la date de chaque signature, de la date de dépôt de chaque instrument de ratification ou d'adhésion et de la date de l'entrée en vigueur de la présente Convention, ainsi que de la réception de toute autre communication.", "6. La présente Convention sera enregistrée par le dépositaire conformément aux dispositions de l'Article 102 de la Charte des Nations Unies.", "Article 4", "La présente Convention, dont les versions anglaise, arabe, chinoise, espagnole, française et russe font également foi, sera déposée auprès du Secrétaire général de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, qui en transmettra des copies certifiées conformes aux gouvernements des Etats signataires et des Etats qui adhéreront à la présente Convention.", "EN FOI DE QUOI, les soussignés, à ce dûment autorisés par leurs gouvernements respectifs, ont signé la présente Convention, ouverte à la signature à , le du mois de mil neuf cent .", "‑‑‑‑‑", "[1] Résolution S‑10/2." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.13/Rev.1", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (b)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OF THE", "TWELFTH SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: CONVENTION", "ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "Algeria, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Madagascar,", "Malaysia, Mexico and Viet Nam: draft resolution", "Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons", "The General Assembly,", "Convinced that the use of nuclear weapons poses the most serious threat to the survival of mankind,", "Convinced also that a multilateral agreement prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons should strengthen international security and contribute to the climate for negotiations leading to the ultimate elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the START II agreement between the Russian Federation and the United States of America aimed at reducing the strategic arsenals to 3,000 for the Russian Federation and 3,500 for the United States by the year 2003;", "Conscious that the recent steps taken by the Russian Federation and the United States of America towards a reduction of their nuclear weapons and the improvement in the international climate can contribute towards the goal of complete elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Recalling that, in paragraph 58 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 1/ it is stated that all States should", "__________", "1/ Resolution S-10/2.", "93-60350 (E) 021193 /...", "actively participate in efforts to bring about conditions in international relations among States in which a code of peaceful conduct of nations in international affairs could be agreed upon and that would preclude the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming that any use of nuclear weapons would be a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity, as declared in its resolutions 1653 (XVI) of 24 November 1961, 33/71 of 14 December 1978, 34/83 G of 11 December 1979, 35/152 D of 12 December 1980 and 36/92 I of 9 December 1981,", "Stressing that this Convention would be a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons leading to general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,", "Noting with regret that the Conference on Disarmament, during its 1993 session, was unable to undertake negotiations on this subject,", "1. Reiterates its request to the Conference on Disarmament to commence negotiations, as a matter of priority, in order to reach agreement on an international convention prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons under any circumstances, taking as a possible basis the draft Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons annexed to the present resolution;", "2. Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to report to the General Assembly on the results of those negotiations.", "Annex", "DRAFT CONVENTION ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "The States Parties to this Convention,", "Alarmed by the threat to the very survival of mankind posed by the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Convinced that any use of nuclear weapons constitutes a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity,", "Convinced that this Convention would be a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons leading to general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,", "Determined to continue negotiations for the achievement of this goal,", "Have agreed as follows:", "Article 1", "The States Parties to this Convention solemnly undertake not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons under any circumstances.", "Article 2", "This Convention shall be of unlimited duration.", "Article 3", "1. This Convention shall be open to all States for signature. Any State that does not sign the Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time.", "2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Instruments of ratification or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary‑General of the United Nations.", "3. This Convention shall enter into force on the deposit of instruments of ratification by twenty-five Governments, including the Governments of the five nuclear-weapon States, in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article.", "4. For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited after the entry into force of the Convention, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.", "5. The depositary shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession and the date of the entry into force of this Convention, as well as of the receipt of other notices.", "6. This Convention shall be registered by the depositary in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.", "Article 4", "This Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary‑General of the United Nations, who shall send duly certified copies thereof to the Government of the signatory and acceding States.", "IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this convention, opened for signature at _____ on the _____ day of _____ one thousand nine hundred and _____", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.13/Rev.1", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (b)", "REVIEW AND APPLICATION OF THE CLOSING DOCUMENT FOR THE TWENTY-SELF-SELF-FIRST", "SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: CONVENTION", "ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "Algeria, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica,", "Egypt, Ecuador, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Madagascar,", "Malaysia, Mexico, Lao People's Democratic Republic,", "Democratic People ' s Republic of Korea and Viet Nam:", "draft resolution", "Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of", "Nuclear Weapons", "The General Assembly,", "Convinced that the use of nuclear weapons poses the most serious threat to the survival of humanity,", "Convinced also that a multilateral agreement prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons would enhance international security and contribute to creating the necessary climate for negotiations leading to the ultimate elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the START II agreement between the United States of America and the Russian Federation to reduce their warhead arsenals by 2003 to a maximum of 3,000 for the Russian Federation and 3,500 for the United States of America,", "Recognizing that recent steps by the Russian Federation and the United States of America to reduce their nuclear arsenals and improve the international climate can contribute to the total elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Recalling its declaration in paragraph 58 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly,[1] that all States should participate actively in efforts to establish conditions in international relations among States that would allow agreement on a code of peaceful conduct for nations in international affairs and would exclude the possibility of the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming that any use of nuclear weapons would constitute a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity, as stated in General Assembly resolutions 1653 (XVI) of 24 November 1961, 33/71 of 14 December 1978, 34/83 G of 11 December 1980 and 36/92 I of 9 December 1981,", "Stressing that the convention contained in the annex below would constitute a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons with a view to general and complete disarmament subject to strict and effective international control,", "Noting with regret that the Conference on Disarmament was unable to undertake negotiations on this issue at its 1993 session,", "1.Reiterates its request to the Conference on Disarmament to begin negotiations, as a matter of priority, with a view to reaching agreement on an international convention prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons in all circumstances, possibly on the basis of the text of the draft convention on the prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons, as contained in the annex to the present resolution;", "2.Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to report to the General Assembly on the results of those negotiations.", "The President", "Draft convention on the prohibition of the use of", "Nuclear Weapons", "The States Parties to this Convention,", "Alarmed by the threat to the very survival of mankind posed by the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Convinced that any form of use of nuclear weapons constitutes a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity,", "Convinced that this Convention would constitute a step towards the total elimination of nuclear weapons with a view to general and complete disarmament subject to strict and effective international control,", "Determined to continue negotiations to achieve this goal,", "Have agreed as follows:", "Article 1", "The States Parties to this Convention solemnly undertake not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons under any circumstances.", "Article 2", "This Convention shall remain in force indefinitely.", "Article 3", "1.This Convention shall be open for signature by all States.A State which has not signed the Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time.", "2.This Convention shall be subject to ratification by the signatory States.The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the depositary of the instruments of ratification and accession.", "3.This Convention shall enter into force when 25 Governments have deposited the instruments of ratification, including the Governments of the five nuclear-weapon States, in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article.", "4.For States which deposit instruments of ratification or accession after the entry into force of this Convention, this Convention shall enter into force with respect to them on the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.", "5.The depositary shall promptly inform all signatory States and States that have acceded to the Convention of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession and the date of entry into force of this Convention, as well as of the receipt of any other communication.", "6.This Convention shall be registered by the depositary in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.", "Article 4", "This Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish versions are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit certified true copies thereof to the Governments of the signatory States and States that accede to this Convention.", "IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Convention, open for signature at , in the month of one thousand nine hundred .", "‑‑‑‑‑", "[1] Resolution S-10/2." ]	"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"
"ZD69u0EXRuxrc5xnctr6qEZbQYqSaTkVtxtimF25bvE="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.13/Rev.1", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (b)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OF THE", "TWELFTH SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: CONVENTION", "ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "Algeria, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Madagascar,", "Malaysia, Mexico and Viet Nam: draft resolution", "Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons", "The General Assembly,", "Convinced that the use of nuclear weapons poses the most serious threat to the survival of mankind,", "Convinced also that a multilateral agreement prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons should strengthen international security and contribute to the climate for negotiations leading to the ultimate elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the START II agreement between the Russian Federation and the United States of America aimed at reducing the strategic arsenals to 3,000 for the Russian Federation and 3,500 for the United States by the year 2003;", "Conscious that the recent steps taken by the Russian Federation and the United States of America towards a reduction of their nuclear weapons and the improvement in the international climate can contribute towards the goal of complete elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Recalling that, in paragraph 58 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 1/ it is stated that all States should", "__________", "1/ Resolution S-10/2.", "93-60350 (E) 021193 /...", "actively participate in efforts to bring about conditions in international relations among States in which a code of peaceful conduct of nations in international affairs could be agreed upon and that would preclude the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming that any use of nuclear weapons would be a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity, as declared in its resolutions 1653 (XVI) of 24 November 1961, 33/71 of 14 December 1978, 34/83 G of 11 December 1979, 35/152 D of 12 December 1980 and 36/92 I of 9 December 1981,", "Stressing that this Convention would be a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons leading to general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,", "Noting with regret that the Conference on Disarmament, during its 1993 session, was unable to undertake negotiations on this subject,", "1. Reiterates its request to the Conference on Disarmament to commence negotiations, as a matter of priority, in order to reach agreement on an international convention prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons under any circumstances, taking as a possible basis the draft Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons annexed to the present resolution;", "2. Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to report to the General Assembly on the results of those negotiations.", "Annex", "DRAFT CONVENTION ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "The States Parties to this Convention,", "Alarmed by the threat to the very survival of mankind posed by the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Convinced that any use of nuclear weapons constitutes a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity,", "Convinced that this Convention would be a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons leading to general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,", "Determined to continue negotiations for the achievement of this goal,", "Have agreed as follows:", "Article 1", "The States Parties to this Convention solemnly undertake not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons under any circumstances.", "Article 2", "This Convention shall be of unlimited duration.", "Article 3", "1. This Convention shall be open to all States for signature. Any State that does not sign the Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time.", "2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Instruments of ratification or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary‑General of the United Nations.", "3. This Convention shall enter into force on the deposit of instruments of ratification by twenty-five Governments, including the Governments of the five nuclear-weapon States, in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article.", "4. For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited after the entry into force of the Convention, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.", "5. The depositary shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession and the date of the entry into force of this Convention, as well as of the receipt of other notices.", "6. This Convention shall be registered by the depositary in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.", "Article 4", "This Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary‑General of the United Nations, who shall send duly certified copies thereof to the Government of the signatory and acceding States.", "IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this convention, opened for signature at _____ on the _____ day of _____ one thousand nine hundred and _____", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.1/48/L.13/Rev.1", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "PRIMERA COMISION", "Tema 72 b) del programa", "EXAMEN Y APLICACION DEL DOCUMENTO DE CLAUSURA DEL DUODECIMO PERIODO", "EXTRAORDINARIO DE SESIONES DE LA ASAMBLEA GENERAL: CONVENCION SOBRE", "LA PROHIBICION DE LA UTILIZACION DE ARMAS NUCLEARES", "Argelia, Bangladesh, Bhután, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,", "Egipto, Etiopía, India, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malasia, México,", "República Democrática Popular Lao, República Popular Democrática", "de Corea y Viet Nam: proyecto de resolución", "Convención sobre la Prohibición de la Utilización de Armas Nucleares", "La Asamblea General,", "Convencida de que la utilización de armas nucleares constituye la mayor amenaza para la supervivencia de la humanidad,", "Convencida también de que un acuerdo multilateral que prohíba la utilización o la amenaza de la utilización de armas nucleares afianzaría la seguridad internacional y contribuiría a crear el clima para la celebración de negociaciones conducentes a la eliminación completa de las armas nucleares,", "Celebrando el acuerdo START II concertado entre los Estados Unidos de América y la Federación de Rusia para reducir sus arsenales de armas estratégicas a un máximo de 3.000 en el caso de la Federación de Rusia y a 3.500 en el de los Estados Unidos para el año 2003,", "Consciente de que las recientes medidas adoptadas por los Estados Unidos de América y la Federación de Rusia para reducir sus armas nucleares y mejorar el clima internacional pueden contribuir al logro del objetivo de la eliminación completa de las armas nucleares,", "Recordando que en el párrafo 58 del Documento Final del décimo período extraordinario de sesiones de la Asamblea General[1] se declara que todos los Estados deberían participar activamente en los esfuerzos por crear, en las relaciones internacionales entre Estados, condiciones en que se pueda convenir en un código de conducta pacífica de las naciones en los asuntos internacionales y que excluyan la utilización o la amenaza de utilización de armas nucleares,", "Reafirmando que toda utilización de armas nucleares constituiría una violación de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y un crimen de lesa humanidad, según se declara en sus resoluciones 1653 (XVI), de 24 de noviembre de 1961, 33/71, de 14 de diciembre de 1978, 34/83 G, de 11 de diciembre de 1979, 35/152 D, de 12 de diciembre de 1980 y 36/92 I, de 9 de diciembre de 1981,", "Recalcando que esta Convención sería un paso hacia la eliminación completa de las armas nucleares que permitiría llegar al desarme general y completo bajo un control internacional estricto y eficaz,", "Observando con pesar que durante su período de sesiones de 1993 la Conferencia de Desarme no pudo emprender negociaciones sobre este tema,", "1. Reitera su solicitud a la Conferencia de Desarme de que entable negociaciones, con carácter prioritario, a fin de concertar una convención internacional que prohíba la utilización o la amenaza de utilización de armas nucleares en cualquier circunstancia, tomando como base el proyecto de Convención sobre la Prohibición de la Utilización de Armas Nucleares que figura en el anexo de la presente resolución;", "2. Pide también a la Conferencia de Desarme que le presente un informe acerca de los resultados de dichas negociaciones.", "Anexo", "PROYECTO DE CONVENCION SOBRE LA PROHIBICION DE LA UTILIZACION", "DE ARMAS NUCLEARES", "Los Estados Partes en la presente Convención,", "Alarmados por la amenaza que representa la existencia de armas nucleares para la supervivencia misma de la humanidad,", "Convencidos de que cualquier utilización de armas nucleares constituye una violación de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y un crimen de lesa humanidad,", "Convencidos de que la presente Convención constituiría un paso hacia la eliminación completa de las armas nucleares que conduciría al desarme general y completo bajo un control internacional estricto y eficaz,", "Decididos a proseguir las negociaciones para el logro de este objetivo,", "Han convenido en lo siguiente:", "Artículo 1", "Los Estados Partes en la presente Convención se comprometen solemnemente a no utilizar o amenazar con utilizar armas nucleares en ninguna circunstancia.", "Artículo 2", "La presente Convención tendrá una duración ilimitada.", "Artículo 3", "1. La presente Convención estará abierta a la firma de todos los Estados. Los Estados que no firmen la Convención antes de su entrada en vigor de conformidad con el párrafo 3 de este artículo podrán adherirse a ella en cualquier momento.", "2. La presente Convención estará sujeta a ratificación por los Estados signatarios. Los instrumentos de ratificación o adhesión se despositarán en poder del Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas.", "3. La presente Convención entrará en vigor cuando se hayan depositado los instrumentos de ratificación de veinticinco gobiernos, incluidos los de los cinco Estados poseedores de armas nucleares, de conformidad con el párrafo 2 del presente artículo.", "4. Respecto de los Estados cuyos instrumentos de ratificación o adhesión sean depositados después de la entrada en vigor de la presente Convención, ésta entrará en vigor en la fecha en que se depositen sus instrumentos de ratificación o adhesión.", "5. El depositario informará con prontitud a todos los Estados que firmen la Convención o se adhieran a ella de la fecha de cada firma, la fecha de depósito de cada instrumento de ratificación o adhesión y la fecha de entrada en vigor de la Convención, así como de la recepción de otras comunicaciones.", "6. La presente Convención será registrada por el depositario, de conformidad con el Artículo 102 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas.", "Artículo 4", "La presente Convención, cuyos textos en árabe, chino, español, francés, inglés y ruso son igualmente auténticos, será depositada en poder del Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas, quien enviará ejemplares debidamente certificados a los gobiernos de los Estados que la firmen o se adhieran a ella.", "EN TESTIMONIO DE LO CUAL, los infrascritos, debidamente autorizados para ello por sus Gobiernos respectivos, han firmado la presente Convención, abierta a la firma en el día de de mil novecientos .", "-----", "[1] Resolución S-10/2." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.13/Rev.1", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (b)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OF THE", "TWELFTH SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: CONVENTION", "ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "Algeria, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Madagascar,", "Malaysia, Mexico and Viet Nam: draft resolution", "Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons", "The General Assembly,", "Convinced that the use of nuclear weapons poses the most serious threat to the survival of mankind,", "Convinced also that a multilateral agreement prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons should strengthen international security and contribute to the climate for negotiations leading to the ultimate elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the START II agreement between the Russian Federation and the United States of America aimed at reducing the strategic arsenals to 3,000 for the Russian Federation and 3,500 for the United States by the year 2003;", "Conscious that the recent steps taken by the Russian Federation and the United States of America towards a reduction of their nuclear weapons and the improvement in the international climate can contribute towards the goal of complete elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Recalling that, in paragraph 58 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 1/ it is stated that all States should", "__________", "1/ Resolution S-10/2.", "93-60350 (E) 021193 /...", "actively participate in efforts to bring about conditions in international relations among States in which a code of peaceful conduct of nations in international affairs could be agreed upon and that would preclude the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming that any use of nuclear weapons would be a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity, as declared in its resolutions 1653 (XVI) of 24 November 1961, 33/71 of 14 December 1978, 34/83 G of 11 December 1979, 35/152 D of 12 December 1980 and 36/92 I of 9 December 1981,", "Stressing that this Convention would be a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons leading to general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,", "Noting with regret that the Conference on Disarmament, during its 1993 session, was unable to undertake negotiations on this subject,", "1. Reiterates its request to the Conference on Disarmament to commence negotiations, as a matter of priority, in order to reach agreement on an international convention prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons under any circumstances, taking as a possible basis the draft Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons annexed to the present resolution;", "2. Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to report to the General Assembly on the results of those negotiations.", "Annex", "DRAFT CONVENTION ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "The States Parties to this Convention,", "Alarmed by the threat to the very survival of mankind posed by the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Convinced that any use of nuclear weapons constitutes a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity,", "Convinced that this Convention would be a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons leading to general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,", "Determined to continue negotiations for the achievement of this goal,", "Have agreed as follows:", "Article 1", "The States Parties to this Convention solemnly undertake not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons under any circumstances.", "Article 2", "This Convention shall be of unlimited duration.", "Article 3", "1. This Convention shall be open to all States for signature. Any State that does not sign the Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time.", "2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Instruments of ratification or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary‑General of the United Nations.", "3. This Convention shall enter into force on the deposit of instruments of ratification by twenty-five Governments, including the Governments of the five nuclear-weapon States, in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article.", "4. For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited after the entry into force of the Convention, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.", "5. The depositary shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession and the date of the entry into force of this Convention, as well as of the receipt of other notices.", "6. This Convention shall be registered by the depositary in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.", "Article 4", "This Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary‑General of the United Nations, who shall send duly certified copies thereof to the Government of the signatory and acceding States.", "IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this convention, opened for signature at _____ on the _____ day of _____ one thousand nine hundred and _____", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.1 / 48 / L.13 / Rev.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (b)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CLOSURE DOCUMENT OF THE DURING", "OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: CONVENTION ON THE", "THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "Algeria, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,", "Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mexico,", "Lao People & apos; s Democratic Republic, Democratic People & apos; s Republic", "of Korea and Viet Nam: draft resolution", "Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons", "The General Assembly,", "Convinced that the use of nuclear weapons constitutes the greatest threat to the survival of humanity,", "Convinced also that a multilateral agreement prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons would enhance international security and contribute to creating the climate for negotiations leading to the complete elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the START II agreement between the United States of America and the Russian Federation to reduce their strategic weapons arsenals to a maximum of 3,000 for the Russian Federation and 3,500 for the United States for 2003,", "Aware that recent steps taken by the United States of America and the Russian Federation to reduce their nuclear weapons and improve the international climate can contribute to the achievement of the goal of the complete elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Recalling that paragraph 58 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly [1] states that all States should be actively involved in efforts to create, in international relations among States, conditions under which a code of peaceful conduct of nations in international affairs can be agreed upon and that they exclude the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming that any use of nuclear weapons would constitute a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity, as stated in its resolutions 1653 (XVI) of 24 November 1961, 33 / 71 of 14 December 1978, 34 / 83 G of 11 December 1979, 35 / 152 D of 12 December 1980 and 36 / 92 I of 9 December 1981,", "Emphasizing that this Convention would be a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons that would lead to general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,", "Noting with regret that the Conference on Disarmament was unable to enter into negotiations on this subject during its 1993 session,", "1.Reiterates its request to the Conference on Disarmament to enter into negotiations, as a matter of priority, to conclude an international convention prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons in any circumstances, on the basis of the draft Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons contained in the annex to the present resolution;", "2.Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to report to the General Assembly on the outcome of those negotiations.", "Annex", "Draft convention on the prohibition of", "OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "The States Parties to this Convention,", "Alarmed at the threat posed by the existence of nuclear weapons to the very survival of humanity,", "Convinced that any use of nuclear weapons constitutes a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity,", "Convinced that this Convention would constitute a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons that would lead to general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,", "Determined to continue negotiations towards this goal,", "Have agreed as follows:", "Article 1", "The States Parties to the present Convention solemnly undertake not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons under any circumstances.", "Article 2", "This Convention shall have an unlimited duration.", "Article 3", "1.This Convention shall be open for signature by all States.States that do not sign the Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time.", "2.This Convention is subject to ratification by the signatory States.Instruments of ratification or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "3.This Convention shall enter into force when the instruments of ratification of 25 Governments, including those of the five nuclear-weapon States, have been deposited in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article.", "4.For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited after the entry into force of this Convention, the Convention shall enter into force on the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.", "5.The depositary shall promptly inform all States that sign or accede to the Convention of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession and the date of entry into force of the Convention, as well as the receipt of other communications.", "6.This Convention shall be registered by the depositary in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.", "Article 4", "The present Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall send duly certified copies to the Governments of States that sign or accede to it.", "IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, duly authorized by their respective governments, have signed this Convention, open for signature on the day of a thousand nine hundred.", "-----", "[1] Resolution S-10 / 2." ]	"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"
"rkA0JS92TxMro4hGKE3fbgUJan+g6qziTos4ADilzIE="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.1/48/L.13/Rev.1", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "PREMIERE COMMISSION", "Point 72 b) de l'ordre du jour", "EXAMEN ET APPLICATION DU DOCUMENT DE CLOTURE DE LA DOUZIEME", "SESSION EXTRAORDINAIRE DE L'ASSEMBLEE GENERALE : CONVENTION", "SUR L'INTERDICTION DE L'UTILISATION DES ARMES NUCLEAIRES", "Algérie, Bangladesh, Bhoutan, Bolivie, Colombie, Costa Rica,", "Egypte, Equateur, Ethiopie, Inde, Indonésie, Madagascar,", "Malaisie, Mexique, République démocratique populaire lao,", "République populaire démocratique de Corée et Viet Nam :", "projet de résolution", "Convention sur l'interdiction de l'utilisation des", "armes nucléaires", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Convaincue que l'emploi d'armes nucléaires fait peser la menace la plus grave sur la survie de l'humanité,", "Convaincue également qu'un accord multilatéral interdisant l'emploi ou la menace d'armes nucléaires renforcerait la sécurité internationale et contribuerait à créer le climat voulu pour des négociations qui conduiraient à l'élimination définitive des armes nucléaires,", "Se félicitant de l'accord START II conclu par les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et la Fédération de Russie en vue de réduire d'ici à l'an 2003 leurs arsenaux d'ogives à un maximum de 3 000 pour la Fédération de Russie et de 3 500 pour les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique,", "Consciente que les mesures que les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et la Fédération de Russie ont récemment adoptées pour réduire leurs arsenaux nucléaires et améliorer le climat international peuvent aider à l'élimination complète des armes nucléaires,", "Rappelant qu'elle a déclaré, au paragraphe 58 du Document final de sa dixième session extraordinaire[1], que tous les Etats devraient participer activement aux efforts visant à instaurer dans les relations internationales entre Etats des conditions qui permettent de s'accorder sur un code de conduite pacifique des nations dans les affaires internationales et qui excluraient la possibilité de l'emploi ou de la menace d'armes nucléaires,", "Réaffirmant que toute forme d'utilisation des armes nucléaires constituerait une violation de la Charte des Nations Unies et un crime contre l'humanité, comme elle l'a déclaré dans ses résolutions 1653 (XVI) du 24 novembre 1961, 33/71 du 14 décembre 1978, 34/83 G du 11 décembre 1980 et 36/92 I du 9 décembre 1981,", "Soulignant que la convention dont le projet fait l'objet de l'annexe ci‑après constituerait une étape sur la voie de l'élimination complète des armes nucléaires en vue d'un désarmement général et complet soumis à un contrôle international strict et efficace,", "Notant avec regret que la Conférence du désarmement n'a pu entreprendre de négociations sur la question lors de sa session de 1993,", "1. Réitère sa demande à la Conférence du désarmement d'entreprendre, en priorité, des négociations en vue de parvenir à un accord sur une convention internationale interdisant en toutes circonstances l'emploi ou la menace d'armes nucléaires, éventuellement sur la base du texte du projet de convention sur l'interdiction de l'utilisation des armes nucléaires qui figure en annexe à la présente résolution;", "2. Prie également la Conférence du désarmement de lui présenter un rapport sur les résultats de ces négociations.", "ANNEXE", "Projet de convention sur l'interdiction de l'utilisation", "des armes nucléaires", "Les Etats parties à la présente Convention,", "Alarmés par la menace que représente pour la survie même de l'humanité l'existence des armes nucléaires,", "Convaincus que toute forme d'utilisation des armes nucléaires constitue une violation de la Charte des Nations Unies et un crime contre l'humanité,", "Convaincus que la présente Convention constituerait une étape sur la voie de l'élimination complète des armes nucléaires en vue d'un désarmement général et complet soumis à un contrôle international strict et efficace,", "Résolus à poursuivre les négociations pour atteindre cet objectif,", "Sont convenus de ce qui suit :", "Article premier", "Les Etats parties à la présente Convention s'engagent solennellement à n'employer ni menacer d'employer les armes nucléaires en aucune circonstance.", "Article 2", "La présente Convention demeurera en vigueur indéfiniment.", "Article 3", "1. La présente Convention sera ouverte à la signature de tous les Etats. Un Etat qui n'aura pas signé la Convention avant son entrée en vigueur conformément au paragraphe 3 du présent article pourra y adhérer à n'importe quel moment.", "2. La présente Convention sera soumise à la ratification des Etats signataires. Le Secrétaire général de l'Organisation des Nations Unies est le dépositaire des instruments de ratification et d'adhésion.", "3. La présente Convention entrera en vigueur lorsque 25 gouvernements auront déposé les instruments de ratification, y compris les gouvernements des cinq Etats dotés d'armes nucléaires, conformément au paragraphe 2 du présent article.", "4. S'agissant des Etats qui déposeront les instruments de ratification ou d'adhésion après l'entrée en vigueur de la présente Convention, celle‑ci entrera en vigueur en ce qui les concerne à la date du dépôt de leurs instruments de ratification ou d'adhésion.", "5. Le dépositaire informera promptement tous les Etats signataires et les Etats ayant adhéré à la Convention de la date de chaque signature, de la date de dépôt de chaque instrument de ratification ou d'adhésion et de la date de l'entrée en vigueur de la présente Convention, ainsi que de la réception de toute autre communication.", "6. La présente Convention sera enregistrée par le dépositaire conformément aux dispositions de l'Article 102 de la Charte des Nations Unies.", "Article 4", "La présente Convention, dont les versions anglaise, arabe, chinoise, espagnole, française et russe font également foi, sera déposée auprès du Secrétaire général de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, qui en transmettra des copies certifiées conformes aux gouvernements des Etats signataires et des Etats qui adhéreront à la présente Convention.", "EN FOI DE QUOI, les soussignés, à ce dûment autorisés par leurs gouvernements respectifs, ont signé la présente Convention, ouverte à la signature à , le du mois de mil neuf cent .", "‑‑‑‑‑", "[1] Résolution S‑10/2." ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.1/48/L.13/Rev.1", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "PRIMERA COMISION", "Tema 72 b) del programa", "EXAMEN Y APLICACION DEL DOCUMENTO DE CLAUSURA DEL DUODECIMO PERIODO", "EXTRAORDINARIO DE SESIONES DE LA ASAMBLEA GENERAL: CONVENCION SOBRE", "LA PROHIBICION DE LA UTILIZACION DE ARMAS NUCLEARES", "Argelia, Bangladesh, Bhután, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,", "Egipto, Etiopía, India, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malasia, México,", "República Democrática Popular Lao, República Popular Democrática", "de Corea y Viet Nam: proyecto de resolución", "Convención sobre la Prohibición de la Utilización de Armas Nucleares", "La Asamblea General,", "Convencida de que la utilización de armas nucleares constituye la mayor amenaza para la supervivencia de la humanidad,", "Convencida también de que un acuerdo multilateral que prohíba la utilización o la amenaza de la utilización de armas nucleares afianzaría la seguridad internacional y contribuiría a crear el clima para la celebración de negociaciones conducentes a la eliminación completa de las armas nucleares,", "Celebrando el acuerdo START II concertado entre los Estados Unidos de América y la Federación de Rusia para reducir sus arsenales de armas estratégicas a un máximo de 3.000 en el caso de la Federación de Rusia y a 3.500 en el de los Estados Unidos para el año 2003,", "Consciente de que las recientes medidas adoptadas por los Estados Unidos de América y la Federación de Rusia para reducir sus armas nucleares y mejorar el clima internacional pueden contribuir al logro del objetivo de la eliminación completa de las armas nucleares,", "Recordando que en el párrafo 58 del Documento Final del décimo período extraordinario de sesiones de la Asamblea General[1] se declara que todos los Estados deberían participar activamente en los esfuerzos por crear, en las relaciones internacionales entre Estados, condiciones en que se pueda convenir en un código de conducta pacífica de las naciones en los asuntos internacionales y que excluyan la utilización o la amenaza de utilización de armas nucleares,", "Reafirmando que toda utilización de armas nucleares constituiría una violación de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y un crimen de lesa humanidad, según se declara en sus resoluciones 1653 (XVI), de 24 de noviembre de 1961, 33/71, de 14 de diciembre de 1978, 34/83 G, de 11 de diciembre de 1979, 35/152 D, de 12 de diciembre de 1980 y 36/92 I, de 9 de diciembre de 1981,", "Recalcando que esta Convención sería un paso hacia la eliminación completa de las armas nucleares que permitiría llegar al desarme general y completo bajo un control internacional estricto y eficaz,", "Observando con pesar que durante su período de sesiones de 1993 la Conferencia de Desarme no pudo emprender negociaciones sobre este tema,", "1. Reitera su solicitud a la Conferencia de Desarme de que entable negociaciones, con carácter prioritario, a fin de concertar una convención internacional que prohíba la utilización o la amenaza de utilización de armas nucleares en cualquier circunstancia, tomando como base el proyecto de Convención sobre la Prohibición de la Utilización de Armas Nucleares que figura en el anexo de la presente resolución;", "2. Pide también a la Conferencia de Desarme que le presente un informe acerca de los resultados de dichas negociaciones.", "Anexo", "PROYECTO DE CONVENCION SOBRE LA PROHIBICION DE LA UTILIZACION", "DE ARMAS NUCLEARES", "Los Estados Partes en la presente Convención,", "Alarmados por la amenaza que representa la existencia de armas nucleares para la supervivencia misma de la humanidad,", "Convencidos de que cualquier utilización de armas nucleares constituye una violación de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y un crimen de lesa humanidad,", "Convencidos de que la presente Convención constituiría un paso hacia la eliminación completa de las armas nucleares que conduciría al desarme general y completo bajo un control internacional estricto y eficaz,", "Decididos a proseguir las negociaciones para el logro de este objetivo,", "Han convenido en lo siguiente:", "Artículo 1", "Los Estados Partes en la presente Convención se comprometen solemnemente a no utilizar o amenazar con utilizar armas nucleares en ninguna circunstancia.", "Artículo 2", "La presente Convención tendrá una duración ilimitada.", "Artículo 3", "1. La presente Convención estará abierta a la firma de todos los Estados. Los Estados que no firmen la Convención antes de su entrada en vigor de conformidad con el párrafo 3 de este artículo podrán adherirse a ella en cualquier momento.", "2. La presente Convención estará sujeta a ratificación por los Estados signatarios. Los instrumentos de ratificación o adhesión se despositarán en poder del Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas.", "3. La presente Convención entrará en vigor cuando se hayan depositado los instrumentos de ratificación de veinticinco gobiernos, incluidos los de los cinco Estados poseedores de armas nucleares, de conformidad con el párrafo 2 del presente artículo.", "4. Respecto de los Estados cuyos instrumentos de ratificación o adhesión sean depositados después de la entrada en vigor de la presente Convención, ésta entrará en vigor en la fecha en que se depositen sus instrumentos de ratificación o adhesión.", "5. El depositario informará con prontitud a todos los Estados que firmen la Convención o se adhieran a ella de la fecha de cada firma, la fecha de depósito de cada instrumento de ratificación o adhesión y la fecha de entrada en vigor de la Convención, así como de la recepción de otras comunicaciones.", "6. La presente Convención será registrada por el depositario, de conformidad con el Artículo 102 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas.", "Artículo 4", "La presente Convención, cuyos textos en árabe, chino, español, francés, inglés y ruso son igualmente auténticos, será depositada en poder del Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas, quien enviará ejemplares debidamente certificados a los gobiernos de los Estados que la firmen o se adhieran a ella.", "EN TESTIMONIO DE LO CUAL, los infrascritos, debidamente autorizados para ello por sus Gobiernos respectivos, han firmado la presente Convención, abierta a la firma en el día de de mil novecientos .", "-----", "[1] Resolución S-10/2." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.13/Rev.1", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (b)", "REVIEW AND APPLICATION OF THE CLOSING DOCUMENT FOR THE TWENTY-SELF-SELF-FIRST", "SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: CONVENTION", "ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "Algeria, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica,", "Egypt, Ecuador, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Madagascar,", "Malaysia, Mexico, Lao People's Democratic Republic,", "Democratic People ' s Republic of Korea and Viet Nam:", "draft resolution", "Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of", "Nuclear Weapons", "The General Assembly,", "Convinced that the use of nuclear weapons poses the most serious threat to the survival of humanity,", "Convinced also that a multilateral agreement prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons would enhance international security and contribute to creating the necessary climate for negotiations leading to the ultimate elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the START II agreement between the United States of America and the Russian Federation to reduce their warhead arsenals by 2003 to a maximum of 3,000 for the Russian Federation and 3,500 for the United States of America,", "Recognizing that recent steps by the Russian Federation and the United States of America to reduce their nuclear arsenals and improve the international climate can contribute to the total elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Recalling its declaration in paragraph 58 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly,[1] that all States should participate actively in efforts to establish conditions in international relations among States that would allow agreement on a code of peaceful conduct for nations in international affairs and would exclude the possibility of the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming that any use of nuclear weapons would constitute a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity, as stated in General Assembly resolutions 1653 (XVI) of 24 November 1961, 33/71 of 14 December 1978, 34/83 G of 11 December 1980 and 36/92 I of 9 December 1981,", "Stressing that the convention contained in the annex below would constitute a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons with a view to general and complete disarmament subject to strict and effective international control,", "Noting with regret that the Conference on Disarmament was unable to undertake negotiations on this issue at its 1993 session,", "1.Reiterates its request to the Conference on Disarmament to begin negotiations, as a matter of priority, with a view to reaching agreement on an international convention prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons in all circumstances, possibly on the basis of the text of the draft convention on the prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons, as contained in the annex to the present resolution;", "2.Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to report to the General Assembly on the results of those negotiations.", "The President", "Draft convention on the prohibition of the use of", "Nuclear Weapons", "The States Parties to this Convention,", "Alarmed by the threat to the very survival of mankind posed by the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Convinced that any form of use of nuclear weapons constitutes a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity,", "Convinced that this Convention would constitute a step towards the total elimination of nuclear weapons with a view to general and complete disarmament subject to strict and effective international control,", "Determined to continue negotiations to achieve this goal,", "Have agreed as follows:", "Article 1", "The States Parties to this Convention solemnly undertake not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons under any circumstances.", "Article 2", "This Convention shall remain in force indefinitely.", "Article 3", "1.This Convention shall be open for signature by all States.A State which has not signed the Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time.", "2.This Convention shall be subject to ratification by the signatory States.The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the depositary of the instruments of ratification and accession.", "3.This Convention shall enter into force when 25 Governments have deposited the instruments of ratification, including the Governments of the five nuclear-weapon States, in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article.", "4.For States which deposit instruments of ratification or accession after the entry into force of this Convention, this Convention shall enter into force with respect to them on the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.", "5.The depositary shall promptly inform all signatory States and States that have acceded to the Convention of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession and the date of entry into force of this Convention, as well as of the receipt of any other communication.", "6.This Convention shall be registered by the depositary in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.", "Article 4", "This Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish versions are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit certified true copies thereof to the Governments of the signatory States and States that accede to this Convention.", "IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Convention, open for signature at , in the month of one thousand nine hundred .", "‑‑‑‑‑", "[1] Resolution S-10/2." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.1 / 48 / L.13 / Rev.1", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (b)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CLOSURE DOCUMENT OF THE DURING", "OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: CONVENTION ON THE", "THE PROHIBITION OF THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "Algeria, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,", "Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mexico,", "Lao People & apos; s Democratic Republic, Democratic People & apos; s Republic", "of Korea and Viet Nam: draft resolution", "Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons", "The General Assembly,", "Convinced that the use of nuclear weapons constitutes the greatest threat to the survival of humanity,", "Convinced also that a multilateral agreement prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons would enhance international security and contribute to creating the climate for negotiations leading to the complete elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the START II agreement between the United States of America and the Russian Federation to reduce their strategic weapons arsenals to a maximum of 3,000 for the Russian Federation and 3,500 for the United States for 2003,", "Aware that recent steps taken by the United States of America and the Russian Federation to reduce their nuclear weapons and improve the international climate can contribute to the achievement of the goal of the complete elimination of nuclear weapons,", "Recalling that paragraph 58 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly [1] states that all States should be actively involved in efforts to create, in international relations among States, conditions under which a code of peaceful conduct of nations in international affairs can be agreed upon and that they exclude the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming that any use of nuclear weapons would constitute a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity, as stated in its resolutions 1653 (XVI) of 24 November 1961, 33 / 71 of 14 December 1978, 34 / 83 G of 11 December 1979, 35 / 152 D of 12 December 1980 and 36 / 92 I of 9 December 1981,", "Emphasizing that this Convention would be a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons that would lead to general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,", "Noting with regret that the Conference on Disarmament was unable to enter into negotiations on this subject during its 1993 session,", "1.Reiterates its request to the Conference on Disarmament to enter into negotiations, as a matter of priority, to conclude an international convention prohibiting the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons in any circumstances, on the basis of the draft Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear Weapons contained in the annex to the present resolution;", "2.Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to report to the General Assembly on the outcome of those negotiations.", "Annex", "Draft convention on the prohibition of", "OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS", "The States Parties to this Convention,", "Alarmed at the threat posed by the existence of nuclear weapons to the very survival of humanity,", "Convinced that any use of nuclear weapons constitutes a violation of the Charter of the United Nations and a crime against humanity,", "Convinced that this Convention would constitute a step towards the complete elimination of nuclear weapons that would lead to general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,", "Determined to continue negotiations towards this goal,", "Have agreed as follows:", "Article 1", "The States Parties to the present Convention solemnly undertake not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons under any circumstances.", "Article 2", "This Convention shall have an unlimited duration.", "Article 3", "1.This Convention shall be open for signature by all States.States that do not sign the Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time.", "2.This Convention is subject to ratification by the signatory States.Instruments of ratification or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "3.This Convention shall enter into force when the instruments of ratification of 25 Governments, including those of the five nuclear-weapon States, have been deposited in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article.", "4.For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited after the entry into force of this Convention, the Convention shall enter into force on the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.", "5.The depositary shall promptly inform all States that sign or accede to the Convention of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession and the date of entry into force of the Convention, as well as the receipt of other communications.", "6.This Convention shall be registered by the depositary in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.", "Article 4", "The present Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall send duly certified copies to the Governments of States that sign or accede to it.", "IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, duly authorized by their respective governments, have signed this Convention, open for signature on the day of a thousand nine hundred.", "-----", "[1] Resolution S-10 / 2." ]	"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"
"5NM+KW2hi4jqdtDy3kHSYO+KQc1jqMe0uZiJkRqZe/Y="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/560", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (a)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS", "INSTRUMENTS", "Financing and adequate staff resources for the operations of", "the human rights treaty bodies", "Report of the Secretary-General", "1. In its resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992, the General Assembly endorsed the recommendations of the meetings of persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies on the need to ensure financing and adequate staffing resources for the operations of the treaty bodies and, with that in mind, reiterated its request to the Secretary-General to provide adequate resources with regard to the various treaty bodies and requested him to report on the question to the Commission on Human Rights at its forty-ninth session and to the Assembly at its forty‑eighth session. The present report is submitted in accordance with that resolution.", "2. The discrepancy between the workload associated with the operations of the treaty bodies and available staff capacity within the Centre for Human Rights has been growing for a number of years and has widened dramatically over the past five years. This fact has been described and reported to the relevant United Nations organs, including the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly. [1] Although those organs have repeatedly drawn attention (as in General Assembly resolution 47/111 and more recently in Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993/16) to the need for additional staff and financial resources for treaty body operations, the difficulties in that regard have continued. In part II, paragraphs 9 to 12 and 15 of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, [2] the World Conference on Human Rights likewise called for substantial increases in resources for the human rights programme and \"for the system of thematic and country rapporteurs, experts, working groups and treaty bodies\". [3]", "3. During the reporting period, the continuing difficulties being experienced in this regard were addressed by several knowledgeable observers. The chairpersons of the human rights treaty bodies, for example, have noted that", "93-60247 (E) 091193 /...", "there was a \"close link between adequate secretariat resources and the effective functioning of the treaty body system\" and a \"critical need for additional staffing\" (A/47/628, annex, para. 20) in view of the increased workload resulting from the large number of additional States parties to the various instruments, the additional services being requested of the Secretariat by the treaty bodies and the large amount of information from various United Nations bodies and agencies, as well as from intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations that needed to be processed and analysed. The inadequacy of resources was such, in their view, that \"requests for assistance by the various treaty bodies are sometimes unable to be met, despite the fact that such requests have been kept at an artificially low level in recognition of the impossibility of greater assistance being provided from existing resources\" (ibid., para. 50).", "4. In his interim report to the World Conference on Human Rights on his updated study on possible long-term approaches to enhancing the effective operation of existing and prospective bodies established under the United Nations instruments on human rights, the independent expert stated that: [4]", "\"The present, grossly inadequate, level of available resources virtually condemns the treaty bodies to function at a level of efficiency and effectiveness that is far below what could readily be achieved if less short-sighted policies were adopted in this regard by the Member States of the Organization as a whole. Ironically, it is often the Member States themselves who pay the penalty of the resulting inefficiency.\"", "5. The independent expert concluded that: [5]", "\"Existing levels of secretariat servicing provided to the treaty bodies is entirely inadequate. Computerization needs to be expedited; a documentation unit established; an inventory of committee needs should be drawn up; CEDAW should be serviced by the Centre for Human Rights; specialist expertise must be developed within the secretariat, in the context of a major restructuring of existing servicing arrangements; and greatly increased resources need to be made available\".", "He also recommended that interaction between the universal and regional systems should become more substantive and that databases should be developed to enable the jurisprudence of each body to be available to the others.", "6. In accordance with a recommendation made at the fourth meeting of persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies (A/47/628, annex, para. 80), which was welcomed by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/125 of 18 December 1992, the Secretariat organized within the framework of the World Conference on Human Rights at Vienna, on 15 and 16 June 1993, a meeting of the persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies and those chairing each of the principal regional and other human rights organizations, including the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the European Commission on Human Rights, the European Court of Human Rights, the Inter‑American Commission on Human Rights, the Inter‑American Court of Human Rights and the Committee on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations of the International Labour Organisation. In the Vienna Statement of the International Human Rights Treaty Bodies, the meeting noted that there were currently 10 persons at the Professional level available to service six treaty bodies and three communications procedures and, in that connection, underlined that: [6]", "\"The provision of resources sufficient to enable the various treaty bodies to perform the functions which have been entrusted to them is an obligation of the United Nations and of other relevant international organizations. In recent years, within the United Nations, a dramatic growth has been witnessed in the number of treaty bodies, the number of States parties to the relevant treaties, and the range of functions performed by those bodies. These developments have not, however, been matched by appropriate financial or staff resource allocations.\"", "7. In its recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of United Nations activities and mechanisms, the meeting recommended that a minimum of 30 Professional posts should be provided to the Centre for Human Rights in order to enable the various treaty bodies to perform the functions that have been entrusted to them.", "Notes", "[1] See, for example, the reports contained in documents E/1990/50, A/45/807, A/47/702 and E/CN.4/1993/87.", "[2] A/CONF.157/23.", "[3] Ibid., para. 15.", "[4] A/CONF/157/PC/62/Add.11/Rev.1, para. 206.", "[5] Ibid., Conclusions and recommendations, para. 31.", "[6] A/CONF.157/TBB/4, para. 8.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/560", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante-huitième session", "Point 114 a) de l'ordre du jour", "QUESTIONS RELATIVES AUX DROITS DE L'HOMME : APPLICATION DES", "INSTRUMENTS RELATIFS AUX DROITS DE L'HOMME", "Financement et dotation en effectifs suffisants pour assurer les", "opérations des organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux", "relatifs aux droits de l'homme", "Rapport du Secrétaire général", "1. Dans sa résolution 47/111 du 16 décembre 1992, l'Assemblée générale a approuvé les recommandations des réunions des présidents des organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme, touchant la nécessité d'assurer à ces organes les ressources financières et humaines nécessaires pour leur permettre de fonctionner comme il convient, et, à cette fin, a demandé de nouveau au Secrétaire général d'assurer des ressources adéquates aux divers organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux et l'a prié de présenter un rapport sur la question à la Commission des droits de l'homme à sa quarante‑neuvième session ainsi qu'à elle-même à sa quarante‑huitième session. Le présent rapport fait suite à cette demande.", "2. L'écart entre la charge de travail se rapportant au fonctionnement des organes créés en vertu d'instruments relatifs aux droits de l'homme et la dotation en effectifs du Centre pour les droits de l'homme, qui n'avait cessé de se creuser depuis quelque temps, a pris des proportions considérables au cours des cinq dernières années, comme en ont été informés les organes compétents de l'ONU, notamment la Commission des droits de l'homme, le Conseil économique et social et l'Assemblée générale¹. Bien que tous ces organes aient, à diverses reprises, appelé l'attention sur la nécessité de renforcer les effectifs et de consacrer davantage de moyens financiers au fonctionnement des organes créés en vertu d'instruments relatifs aux droits de l'homme notamment l'Assemblée dans sa résolution 47/111 et, plus récemment, la Commission des droits de l'homme dans sa résolution 1993/16 les problèmes persistent. Aux paragraphes 9 à 12 et 15 de la deuxième partie de la Déclaration et du Programme d'action de Vienne², la Conférence mondiale sur les droits de l'homme a demandé que soient prises des mesures pour accroître substantiellement les ressources affectées au programme des droits de l'homme et au \"système de rapporteurs thématiques et par pays, d'experts, de groupes de travail et d'organes créés en vertu de traités\"³.", "3. Au cours de la période à l'étude, divers observateurs réputés se sont penchés sur ces difficultés persistantes. Les présidents des organes créés en vertu des instruments pertinents ont, par exemple, noté que \"la fourniture de services de secrétariat suffisants et le bon fonctionnement du système des organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux étaient étroitement liés\" et ont jugé \"essentiel d'augmenter les ressources en personnel étant donné le grand nombre de nouveaux Etats parties aux divers instruments et le volume de travail accru\" qui en résulte, les services de secrétariat supplémentaires requis par ces organes et la nécessité d'analyser l'énorme quantité de renseignements émanant des divers organes et institutions des Nations Unies ainsi que de sources intergouvernementales et non gouvernementales (A/47/628, annexe, par. 20). La pénurie de ressources est telle que les présidents ont estimé qu'il était \"parfois impossible de répondre aux demandes d'assistance de ces organes, alors même que ceux‑ci maintiennent le nombre de ces demandes à un niveau artificiellement peu élevé parce qu'ils savent que les ressources existantes ne leur permettent pas d'obtenir une assistance plus importante\" (ibid., par. 50).", "4. Dans un rapport intérimaire à la Conférence mondiale sur les droits de l'homme concernant l'étude qu'il avait réalisée sur les divers moyens de renforcer à long terme le fonctionnement des organes actuels et futurs créés en vertu d'instruments des Nations Unies relatifs aux droits de l'homme, un expert indépendant a indiqué que l'insuffisance flagrante de ressources mettait ces organes dans l'obligation de fonctionner bien en deçà des moyens qui auraient été leurs si les Etats Membres de l'ONU avaient, dans leur ensemble, adopté des politiques moins imprévoyantes. Paradoxalement, c'était souvent ces mêmes Etats qui étaient pénalisés du fait du mauvais fonctionnement des organes⁴.", "5. L'expert en était venu à conclure que les services de secrétariat fournis à ces organes étaient tout à fait insuffisants. Il fallait accélérer le passage à l'automatisation, créer un service de documentation et dresser la liste des besoins des comités. Le service du Comité pour l'élimination de la discrimination à l'égard des femmes devrait être assuré par le Centre pour les droits de l'homme. Le Secrétariat, dans le cadre d'une restructuration complète de la fourniture de services à ces organes, devrait développer les compétences dont il disposait en la matière. Des ressources considérablement plus élevées devraient être affectées à cette question. Enfin, l'interaction entre les réseaux régionaux et le réseau international devrait être plus substantielle et des bases de données devraient être établies afin que soient mises en commun les informations relatives à la jurisprudence de chaque organe⁵.", "6. Faisant suite à une recommandation formulée lors de la quatrième Réunion des présidents des organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme (A/47/628, annexe, par. 80) et accueillie avec satisfaction par l'Assemblée générale dans sa résolution 47/125 du 18 décembre 1992, le Secrétariat a organisé, à Vienne, les 15 et 16 juin 1993, dans le cadre de la Conférence mondiale sur les droits de l'homme, une réunion de ces présidents et des présidents de chacun des principaux organismes régionaux et autres de défense des droits de l'homme, notamment la Commission africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples, la Commission et la Cour européennes des droits de l'homme, la Commission et la Cour interaméricaines des droits de l'homme et la Commission d'experts pour l'application des conventions et recommandations de l'Organisation internationale du Travail. Dans la Déclaration de Vienne sur les organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme, les participants ont indiqué qu'il n'y avait que 10 postes d'administrateur pour assurer le service de six organes et trois procédures de communications. Ils ont, à cet égard, souligné que :", "\"L'Organisation des Nations Unies et les autres organisations internationales compétentes sont tenues de fournir des ressources suffisantes pour que les divers organes puissent assumer les fonctions qui leur ont été confiées. Dans le cadre de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, on a assisté ces dernières années à une augmentation spectaculaire du nombre d'organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme et du nombre d'Etats parties à ces instruments ainsi qu'à un élargissement considérable de la gamme des fonctions assumées par lesdits organes. Cette évolution ne s'est cependant pas accompagnée d'une augmentation adéquate des ressources financières ou humaines disponibles⁶.\"", "7. Pour renforcer l'efficacité des activités et mécanismes de l'Organisation en la matière, les participants ont recommandé que le Centre pour les droits de l'homme soit doté d'au moins 30 postes d'administrateur, ce qui permettrait aux divers organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux de s'acquitter des tâches qui leur ont été confiées.", "Notes", "¹ On se référera, par exemple, aux rapports figurant dans les documents E/1990/50, A/45/807, A/47/702 et E/CN.4/1993/87.", "² A/CONF.157/23.", "³ Ibid., par. 15.", "⁴ A/CONF.157/PC/62/Add.11/Rev.1, par. 206.", "⁵ Ibid., Conclusions et recommandations, par. 31.", "⁶ A/CONF.157/TBB/4, par. 8.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/560", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (a)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS", "INSTRUMENTS", "Financing and adequate staff resources for the operations of", "the human rights treaty bodies", "Report of the Secretary-General", "1. In its resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992, the General Assembly endorsed the recommendations of the meetings of persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies on the need to ensure financing and adequate staffing resources for the operations of the treaty bodies and, with that in mind, reiterated its request to the Secretary-General to provide adequate resources with regard to the various treaty bodies and requested him to report on the question to the Commission on Human Rights at its forty-ninth session and to the Assembly at its forty‑eighth session. The present report is submitted in accordance with that resolution.", "2. The discrepancy between the workload associated with the operations of the treaty bodies and available staff capacity within the Centre for Human Rights has been growing for a number of years and has widened dramatically over the past five years. This fact has been described and reported to the relevant United Nations organs, including the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly. [1] Although those organs have repeatedly drawn attention (as in General Assembly resolution 47/111 and more recently in Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993/16) to the need for additional staff and financial resources for treaty body operations, the difficulties in that regard have continued. In part II, paragraphs 9 to 12 and 15 of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, [2] the World Conference on Human Rights likewise called for substantial increases in resources for the human rights programme and \"for the system of thematic and country rapporteurs, experts, working groups and treaty bodies\". [3]", "3. During the reporting period, the continuing difficulties being experienced in this regard were addressed by several knowledgeable observers. The chairpersons of the human rights treaty bodies, for example, have noted that", "93-60247 (E) 091193 /...", "there was a \"close link between adequate secretariat resources and the effective functioning of the treaty body system\" and a \"critical need for additional staffing\" (A/47/628, annex, para. 20) in view of the increased workload resulting from the large number of additional States parties to the various instruments, the additional services being requested of the Secretariat by the treaty bodies and the large amount of information from various United Nations bodies and agencies, as well as from intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations that needed to be processed and analysed. The inadequacy of resources was such, in their view, that \"requests for assistance by the various treaty bodies are sometimes unable to be met, despite the fact that such requests have been kept at an artificially low level in recognition of the impossibility of greater assistance being provided from existing resources\" (ibid., para. 50).", "4. In his interim report to the World Conference on Human Rights on his updated study on possible long-term approaches to enhancing the effective operation of existing and prospective bodies established under the United Nations instruments on human rights, the independent expert stated that: [4]", "\"The present, grossly inadequate, level of available resources virtually condemns the treaty bodies to function at a level of efficiency and effectiveness that is far below what could readily be achieved if less short-sighted policies were adopted in this regard by the Member States of the Organization as a whole. Ironically, it is often the Member States themselves who pay the penalty of the resulting inefficiency.\"", "5. The independent expert concluded that: [5]", "\"Existing levels of secretariat servicing provided to the treaty bodies is entirely inadequate. Computerization needs to be expedited; a documentation unit established; an inventory of committee needs should be drawn up; CEDAW should be serviced by the Centre for Human Rights; specialist expertise must be developed within the secretariat, in the context of a major restructuring of existing servicing arrangements; and greatly increased resources need to be made available\".", "He also recommended that interaction between the universal and regional systems should become more substantive and that databases should be developed to enable the jurisprudence of each body to be available to the others.", "6. In accordance with a recommendation made at the fourth meeting of persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies (A/47/628, annex, para. 80), which was welcomed by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/125 of 18 December 1992, the Secretariat organized within the framework of the World Conference on Human Rights at Vienna, on 15 and 16 June 1993, a meeting of the persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies and those chairing each of the principal regional and other human rights organizations, including the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the European Commission on Human Rights, the European Court of Human Rights, the Inter‑American Commission on Human Rights, the Inter‑American Court of Human Rights and the Committee on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations of the International Labour Organisation. In the Vienna Statement of the International Human Rights Treaty Bodies, the meeting noted that there were currently 10 persons at the Professional level available to service six treaty bodies and three communications procedures and, in that connection, underlined that: [6]", "\"The provision of resources sufficient to enable the various treaty bodies to perform the functions which have been entrusted to them is an obligation of the United Nations and of other relevant international organizations. In recent years, within the United Nations, a dramatic growth has been witnessed in the number of treaty bodies, the number of States parties to the relevant treaties, and the range of functions performed by those bodies. These developments have not, however, been matched by appropriate financial or staff resource allocations.\"", "7. In its recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of United Nations activities and mechanisms, the meeting recommended that a minimum of 30 Professional posts should be provided to the Centre for Human Rights in order to enable the various treaty bodies to perform the functions that have been entrusted to them.", "Notes", "[1] See, for example, the reports contained in documents E/1990/50, A/45/807, A/47/702 and E/CN.4/1993/87.", "[2] A/CONF.157/23.", "[3] Ibid., para. 15.", "[4] A/CONF/157/PC/62/Add.11/Rev.1, para. 206.", "[5] Ibid., Conclusions and recommendations, para. 31.", "[6] A/CONF.157/TBB/4, para. 8.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/560", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (a)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE", "HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS", "Funding and staffing to ensure the", "of the treaty bodies", "Human Rights", "Report of the Secretary-General", "1.In its resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992, the General Assembly endorsed the recommendations of the meetings of persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies on the need to provide the necessary financial and human resources for the proper functioning of the treaty bodies, and, to that end, reiterated its request to the Secretary-General to ensure adequate resources for the various treaty bodies and requested him to submit a report on the matter to the Commission on Human Rights at its forty-ninth session and at its forty-eighth session.The present report is submitted in response to that request.", "2.The gap between the workload of the human rights treaty bodies and the staffing of the Centre for Human Rights, which had been growing for some time, had grown considerably over the past five years, as had been reported to the relevant United Nations bodies, including the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly.1Although all these bodies have, on various occasions, drawn attention to the need to strengthen the staffing and financial resources of the human rights treaty bodies, including the Assembly in its resolution 47/111 and, more recently, the Commission on Human Rights in its resolution 1993/16, the problems persist.In paragraphs 9 to 12 and 15 of part two of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,2 the World Conference on Human Rights called for measures to be taken to substantially increase the resources allocated to the human rights programme and to the \"system of thematic and country rapporteurs, experts, working groups and treaty bodies\"3.", "3.During the reporting period, a number of well-known observers addressed these persistent challenges.The chairpersons of the treaty bodies noted, for example, that \"the provision of adequate secretariat services and the functioning of the treaty body system were closely interrelated\" and considered \"essential to increase staff resources in view of the large number of new States parties to the various instruments and the resulting increased workload\", the additional secretariat services required by those bodies and the need to analyse the enormous amount of information from the various United Nations bodies and agencies, as well as from intergovernmental and non-governmental sources (A/47/628, annex, para.The lack of resources is such that the chairpersons have considered that it is \"sometimes impossible to respond to requests for assistance from these bodies, even though they maintain the number of such requests at an artificially low level because they know that existing resources do not allow them to obtain more assistance\" (ibid., para.", "4.In a progress report to the World Conference on Human Rights on its study on ways and means of strengthening the long-term functioning of the existing and future human rights treaty bodies, an independent expert indicated that the gross resource shortfall placed those bodies under an obligation to function well below the means that would have been available if the United Nations Member States had, as a whole, adopted less far-reaching policies.Paradoxically, it was often these same states that were penalized because of the malfunctioning of the organs4.", "5.The expert concluded that the secretariat services provided to these bodies were completely inadequate.The need to accelerate the transition to automation, establish a documentation service and list the needs of committees.The service of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women should be provided by the Centre for Human Rights.The Secretariat, in the context of a comprehensive restructuring of the provision of services to those bodies, should develop its expertise in that area.Significantly higher resources should be allocated to this issue.Finally, the interaction between regional networks and the international network should be more substantial and databases should be established to share information on the jurisprudence of each body.5", "6.In response to a recommendation made at the Fourth Meeting of Chairpersons of the Human Rights Treaty Bodies (A/47/628, annex, para. 80) and welcomed by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/125 of 18 December 1992, the Secretariat organized, in Vienna, on 15 and 16 June 1993, a meeting of the chairpersons of the human rights treaty bodies and the chairpersons of each of the principal regional and other human rights bodies, including the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the European Commission and Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights and the Commission of Experts on the Implementation of the Conventions and Recommendations of the International Labour Organization.In the Vienna Declaration on the Human Rights Treaty Bodies, participants indicated that there were only 10 Professional posts to serve six treaty bodies and three communications procedures.In this regard, they stressed that:", "\"The United Nations and other relevant international organizations are required to provide sufficient resources to enable the various bodies to carry out their functions.In the context of the United Nations, in recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of human rights treaty bodies and the number of States parties to them, as well as a considerable increase in the range of functions performed by the human rights treaty bodies.However, this development has not been accompanied by an adequate increase in available financial or human resources6.\"", "7.In order to enhance the effectiveness of the Organization's activities and mechanisms in that regard, participants recommended that the Centre for Human Rights should have at least 30 Professional posts, which would enable the various treaty bodies to carry out the tasks entrusted to them.", "Notes", "¹Reference is made, for example, to the reports contained in documents E/1990/50, A/45/807, A/47/702 and E/CN.4/1993/87.", "2 A/CONF.157/23.", "3 Ibid., para. 15.", "4 A/CONF.157/PC/62/Add.11/Rev.1, para. 206.", "5 Ibid., Conclusions and recommendations, para.", "6 A/CONF.157/TBB/4, para. 8.", "-----" ]	"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"
"DAJPiV/HQ1m61PzAbCoFUgg9iZiteJsJWXPNbl62ZVg="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/560", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (a)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS", "INSTRUMENTS", "Financing and adequate staff resources for the operations of", "the human rights treaty bodies", "Report of the Secretary-General", "1. In its resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992, the General Assembly endorsed the recommendations of the meetings of persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies on the need to ensure financing and adequate staffing resources for the operations of the treaty bodies and, with that in mind, reiterated its request to the Secretary-General to provide adequate resources with regard to the various treaty bodies and requested him to report on the question to the Commission on Human Rights at its forty-ninth session and to the Assembly at its forty‑eighth session. The present report is submitted in accordance with that resolution.", "2. The discrepancy between the workload associated with the operations of the treaty bodies and available staff capacity within the Centre for Human Rights has been growing for a number of years and has widened dramatically over the past five years. This fact has been described and reported to the relevant United Nations organs, including the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly. [1] Although those organs have repeatedly drawn attention (as in General Assembly resolution 47/111 and more recently in Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993/16) to the need for additional staff and financial resources for treaty body operations, the difficulties in that regard have continued. In part II, paragraphs 9 to 12 and 15 of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, [2] the World Conference on Human Rights likewise called for substantial increases in resources for the human rights programme and \"for the system of thematic and country rapporteurs, experts, working groups and treaty bodies\". [3]", "3. During the reporting period, the continuing difficulties being experienced in this regard were addressed by several knowledgeable observers. The chairpersons of the human rights treaty bodies, for example, have noted that", "93-60247 (E) 091193 /...", "there was a \"close link between adequate secretariat resources and the effective functioning of the treaty body system\" and a \"critical need for additional staffing\" (A/47/628, annex, para. 20) in view of the increased workload resulting from the large number of additional States parties to the various instruments, the additional services being requested of the Secretariat by the treaty bodies and the large amount of information from various United Nations bodies and agencies, as well as from intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations that needed to be processed and analysed. The inadequacy of resources was such, in their view, that \"requests for assistance by the various treaty bodies are sometimes unable to be met, despite the fact that such requests have been kept at an artificially low level in recognition of the impossibility of greater assistance being provided from existing resources\" (ibid., para. 50).", "4. In his interim report to the World Conference on Human Rights on his updated study on possible long-term approaches to enhancing the effective operation of existing and prospective bodies established under the United Nations instruments on human rights, the independent expert stated that: [4]", "\"The present, grossly inadequate, level of available resources virtually condemns the treaty bodies to function at a level of efficiency and effectiveness that is far below what could readily be achieved if less short-sighted policies were adopted in this regard by the Member States of the Organization as a whole. Ironically, it is often the Member States themselves who pay the penalty of the resulting inefficiency.\"", "5. The independent expert concluded that: [5]", "\"Existing levels of secretariat servicing provided to the treaty bodies is entirely inadequate. Computerization needs to be expedited; a documentation unit established; an inventory of committee needs should be drawn up; CEDAW should be serviced by the Centre for Human Rights; specialist expertise must be developed within the secretariat, in the context of a major restructuring of existing servicing arrangements; and greatly increased resources need to be made available\".", "He also recommended that interaction between the universal and regional systems should become more substantive and that databases should be developed to enable the jurisprudence of each body to be available to the others.", "6. In accordance with a recommendation made at the fourth meeting of persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies (A/47/628, annex, para. 80), which was welcomed by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/125 of 18 December 1992, the Secretariat organized within the framework of the World Conference on Human Rights at Vienna, on 15 and 16 June 1993, a meeting of the persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies and those chairing each of the principal regional and other human rights organizations, including the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the European Commission on Human Rights, the European Court of Human Rights, the Inter‑American Commission on Human Rights, the Inter‑American Court of Human Rights and the Committee on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations of the International Labour Organisation. In the Vienna Statement of the International Human Rights Treaty Bodies, the meeting noted that there were currently 10 persons at the Professional level available to service six treaty bodies and three communications procedures and, in that connection, underlined that: [6]", "\"The provision of resources sufficient to enable the various treaty bodies to perform the functions which have been entrusted to them is an obligation of the United Nations and of other relevant international organizations. In recent years, within the United Nations, a dramatic growth has been witnessed in the number of treaty bodies, the number of States parties to the relevant treaties, and the range of functions performed by those bodies. These developments have not, however, been matched by appropriate financial or staff resource allocations.\"", "7. In its recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of United Nations activities and mechanisms, the meeting recommended that a minimum of 30 Professional posts should be provided to the Centre for Human Rights in order to enable the various treaty bodies to perform the functions that have been entrusted to them.", "Notes", "[1] See, for example, the reports contained in documents E/1990/50, A/45/807, A/47/702 and E/CN.4/1993/87.", "[2] A/CONF.157/23.", "[3] Ibid., para. 15.", "[4] A/CONF/157/PC/62/Add.11/Rev.1, para. 206.", "[5] Ibid., Conclusions and recommendations, para. 31.", "[6] A/CONF.157/TBB/4, para. 8.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/560", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "Tema 114 a) del programa", "CUESTIONES RELATIVAS A LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS: APLICACION DE LOS", "INSTRUMENTOS DE DERECHOS HUMANOS", "Recursos financieros y de personal necesarios para las actividades", "de los órganos creados en virtud de tratados de derechos humanos", "Informe del Secretario General", "1. En su resolución 47/111 de 16 de diciembre de 1992, la Asamblea General hizo suyas las recomendaciones de las reuniones de los presidentes de los órganos creados en virtud de tratados de derechos humanos relativas a la necesidad de contar con los recursos financieros y de personal necesarios para las actividades de esos órganos y, en vista de ello, reiteró su solicitud de que el Secretario General proporcionara recursos suficientes a los diversos órganos creados en virtud de tratados y le pidió que presentara un informe sobre esta cuestión a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos en su 49º período de sesiones y a la Asamblea en su cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones. Este informe se presenta de conformidad con esa resolución.", "2. La discrepancia entre el volumen de trabajo relacionado con las actividades de los órganos creados en virtud de tratados y las disponibilidades de personal del Centro de Derechos Humanos ha ido en aumento durante varios años y se ha acrecentado de manera espectacular en los últimos cinco años. Este hecho se ha explicado e informado a los órganos pertinentes de las Naciones Unidas, incluida la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, el Consejo Económico y Social y la Asamblea General[1]. Pese a que estos órganos han señalado reiteradamente a la atención (por ejemplo, la resolución 47/111 de la Asamblea General y, más recientemente, la resolución 1993/16 de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos) la necesidad de disponer de recursos humanos y financieros adicionales para las actividades de los órganos creados en virtud de tratados, las dificultades al respecto han persistido. En los párrafos 9 a 12 y 15 de la parte II de la Declaración y Programa de Acción de Viena[2], la Conferencia Mundial de Derechos Humanos también hizo un llamamiento a que se aumentaran sustancialmente los recursos asignados al programa de derechos humanos y al \"sistema de relatores temáticos y por países, expertos, grupos de trabajo y órganos creados en virtud de tratados\"[3].", "3. Durante el período que se examina, varios observadores bien informados abordaron las dificultades permanentes que se plantean en esta materia. Por ejemplo, los presidentes de los órganos de derechos humanos creados en virtud de tratados han señalado el \"estrecho vínculo que existía entre la disponibilidad de recursos de secretaría suficientes y el funcionamiento eficaz del sistema de órganos de tratados\" y la \"necesidad crítica de contar con más personal\" (A/47/628, anexo, párr. 20) habida cuenta del gran número de nuevos Estados partes en los diversos instrumentos y del consiguiente incremento del volumen de trabajo, los servicios adicionales solicitados a la Secretaría por los órganos creados en virtud de tratados y el gran volumen de información procedente de los distintos órganos y organismos de las Naciones Unidas, así como de organizaciones intergubernamentales y no gubernamentales que se debe tramitar y analizar. La insuficiencia de los recursos es de tal naturaleza que, a su juicio, \"las peticiones de asistencia de diversos órganos de tratados quedan a veces sin respuesta pese a que esas peticiones se han mantenido a un nivel artificialmente bajo por reconocerse la imposibilidad de prestar una mayor asistencia con los recursos existentes\" (ibíd, párr. 50).", "4. En su informe provisional a la Conferencia Mundial de Derechos Humanos relativo a su estudio actualizado sobre posibles métodos de mejorar a largo plazo el funcionamiento eficaz de los órganos existentes y que puedan crearse en el futuro con arreglo a instrumentos de las Naciones Unidas sobre derechos humanos, el experto independiente señaló que[4]:", "\"El nivel de recursos actualmente disponibles, en extremo, inadecuado, prácticamente condena a los órganos creados en virtud de tratados a funcionar con un grado de eficiencia y eficacia muy inferior al que podrían alcanzar fácilmente si los Estados Miembros de la Organización en su conjunto adoptaran políticas más perspicaces al respecto. Irónicamente, a menudo los propios Estados Miembros son los perjudicados por la ineficiencia resultante.\"", "5. El experto independiente llegó a la conclusión de que[5]:", "\"Los servicios que proporciona actualmente la Secretaría a los órganos creados en virtud de tratados son totalmente inadecuados. Es preciso agilizar la computadorización; crear una dependencia de documentación; levantar un inventario de las necesidades de los comités; el Centro de Derechos Humanos debería encargarse de los servicios que se prestan al Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación contra la Mujer; la Secretaría debería desarrollar conocimientos técnicos especializados dentro del marco de una importante reestructuración de los arreglos existentes para la prestación de servicios, y deberá proporcionarse un volumen muy superior de recursos.\"", "También recomendó profundizar la acción recíproca entre los sistemas universal y regional y desarrollar bases de datos que permitieran poner la jurisprudencia de cada órgano a disposición de los demás.", "6. De conformidad con la recomendación formulada por la reunión de presidentes de órganos creados en virtud de tratados de derechos humanos (A/47/628, anexo, párr. 80) que fue acogida con beneplácito por la Asamblea General en su", "resolución 47/125, de 18 de diciembre de 1992, durante la Conferencia Mundial de Derechos Humanos, la Secretaría organizó en Viena, el 15 y 16 de junio de 1993, una reunión de presidentes de los órganos creados en virtud de tratados de derechos humanos con presidentes o representantes de las principales organizaciones regionales y otras organizaciones de derechos humanos, incluidas la Comisión Africana de Derechos Humanos y de los Pueblos, la Comisión Europea y el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, la Comisión Interamericana y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y la Comisión de Aplicación de Convenios y Recomendaciones de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo. En la Declaración de Viena de los órganos internacionales creados en virtud de tratados de derechos humanos, se señaló que actualmente se dispone de diez personas del cuadro orgánico para prestar servicios a seis órganos creados en virtud de tratados y tres procedimientos de comunicación y, al respecto, subrayó que[6]:", "\"Es obligación de las Naciones Unidas y de las demás organizaciones internacionales pertinentes suministrar a los diversos órganos creados en virtud de tratados recursos suficientes para que puedan desempeñar las funciones que se les han encomendado. En los últimos años, se ha presenciado en las Naciones Unidas un aumento espectacular del número de órganos creados en virtud de tratados, del número de Estados Partes en los distintos tratados y de la gama de funciones que desempeñan dichos órganos. Sin embargo, no se han previsto recursos financieros o de personal adecuados para hacer frente a esa situación.\"", "7. En sus recomendaciones para mejorar la eficacia de las actividades y mecanismos de las Naciones Unidas, la reunión recomendó que se proporcionara al Centro de Derechos Humanos un mínimo de 30 puestos del cuadro orgánico para que los diversos órganos creados en virtud de tratados puedan cumplir las funciones que les han sido encomendados.", "[1] Notas", "Véase, por ejemplo, los informes contenidos en los documentos E/1990/50, A/45/807, A/47/702 y E/CN.4/1993/87.", "[2] A/CONF.157/23.", "[3] Ibíd., párr. 15.", "[4] A/CONF/157/PC/62/Add.11/Rev.1, párr. 206.", "[5] Ibíd, Conclusiones y recomendaciones, párr. 31.", "[6] A/CONF.157/TBB/4, párr. 8.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/560", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (a)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS", "INSTRUMENTS", "Financing and adequate staff resources for the operations of", "the human rights treaty bodies", "Report of the Secretary-General", "1. In its resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992, the General Assembly endorsed the recommendations of the meetings of persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies on the need to ensure financing and adequate staffing resources for the operations of the treaty bodies and, with that in mind, reiterated its request to the Secretary-General to provide adequate resources with regard to the various treaty bodies and requested him to report on the question to the Commission on Human Rights at its forty-ninth session and to the Assembly at its forty‑eighth session. The present report is submitted in accordance with that resolution.", "2. The discrepancy between the workload associated with the operations of the treaty bodies and available staff capacity within the Centre for Human Rights has been growing for a number of years and has widened dramatically over the past five years. This fact has been described and reported to the relevant United Nations organs, including the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly. [1] Although those organs have repeatedly drawn attention (as in General Assembly resolution 47/111 and more recently in Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993/16) to the need for additional staff and financial resources for treaty body operations, the difficulties in that regard have continued. In part II, paragraphs 9 to 12 and 15 of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, [2] the World Conference on Human Rights likewise called for substantial increases in resources for the human rights programme and \"for the system of thematic and country rapporteurs, experts, working groups and treaty bodies\". [3]", "3. During the reporting period, the continuing difficulties being experienced in this regard were addressed by several knowledgeable observers. The chairpersons of the human rights treaty bodies, for example, have noted that", "93-60247 (E) 091193 /...", "there was a \"close link between adequate secretariat resources and the effective functioning of the treaty body system\" and a \"critical need for additional staffing\" (A/47/628, annex, para. 20) in view of the increased workload resulting from the large number of additional States parties to the various instruments, the additional services being requested of the Secretariat by the treaty bodies and the large amount of information from various United Nations bodies and agencies, as well as from intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations that needed to be processed and analysed. The inadequacy of resources was such, in their view, that \"requests for assistance by the various treaty bodies are sometimes unable to be met, despite the fact that such requests have been kept at an artificially low level in recognition of the impossibility of greater assistance being provided from existing resources\" (ibid., para. 50).", "4. In his interim report to the World Conference on Human Rights on his updated study on possible long-term approaches to enhancing the effective operation of existing and prospective bodies established under the United Nations instruments on human rights, the independent expert stated that: [4]", "\"The present, grossly inadequate, level of available resources virtually condemns the treaty bodies to function at a level of efficiency and effectiveness that is far below what could readily be achieved if less short-sighted policies were adopted in this regard by the Member States of the Organization as a whole. Ironically, it is often the Member States themselves who pay the penalty of the resulting inefficiency.\"", "5. The independent expert concluded that: [5]", "\"Existing levels of secretariat servicing provided to the treaty bodies is entirely inadequate. Computerization needs to be expedited; a documentation unit established; an inventory of committee needs should be drawn up; CEDAW should be serviced by the Centre for Human Rights; specialist expertise must be developed within the secretariat, in the context of a major restructuring of existing servicing arrangements; and greatly increased resources need to be made available\".", "He also recommended that interaction between the universal and regional systems should become more substantive and that databases should be developed to enable the jurisprudence of each body to be available to the others.", "6. In accordance with a recommendation made at the fourth meeting of persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies (A/47/628, annex, para. 80), which was welcomed by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/125 of 18 December 1992, the Secretariat organized within the framework of the World Conference on Human Rights at Vienna, on 15 and 16 June 1993, a meeting of the persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies and those chairing each of the principal regional and other human rights organizations, including the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the European Commission on Human Rights, the European Court of Human Rights, the Inter‑American Commission on Human Rights, the Inter‑American Court of Human Rights and the Committee on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations of the International Labour Organisation. In the Vienna Statement of the International Human Rights Treaty Bodies, the meeting noted that there were currently 10 persons at the Professional level available to service six treaty bodies and three communications procedures and, in that connection, underlined that: [6]", "\"The provision of resources sufficient to enable the various treaty bodies to perform the functions which have been entrusted to them is an obligation of the United Nations and of other relevant international organizations. In recent years, within the United Nations, a dramatic growth has been witnessed in the number of treaty bodies, the number of States parties to the relevant treaties, and the range of functions performed by those bodies. These developments have not, however, been matched by appropriate financial or staff resource allocations.\"", "7. In its recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of United Nations activities and mechanisms, the meeting recommended that a minimum of 30 Professional posts should be provided to the Centre for Human Rights in order to enable the various treaty bodies to perform the functions that have been entrusted to them.", "Notes", "[1] See, for example, the reports contained in documents E/1990/50, A/45/807, A/47/702 and E/CN.4/1993/87.", "[2] A/CONF.157/23.", "[3] Ibid., para. 15.", "[4] A/CONF/157/PC/62/Add.11/Rev.1, para. 206.", "[5] Ibid., Conclusions and recommendations, para. 31.", "[6] A/CONF.157/TBB/4, para. 8.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 560", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (a)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE", "HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS", "Financial and personnel resources required for the activities", "of the human rights treaty bodies", "Report of the Secretary-General", "1.In its resolution 47 / 111 of 16 December 1992, the General Assembly endorsed the recommendations of the meetings of the chairpersons of the human rights treaty bodies concerning the need for the necessary financial and personnel resources for the activities of those bodies and, in view of that, reiterated its request that the Secretary-General provide adequate resources to the various treaty bodies and requested it to submit a report on this matter to the Commission on Human Rights at its forty-ninth session and to the Assembly at its forty-eighth session.The present report is submitted pursuant to that resolution.", "2.The discrepancy between the workload related to the activities of the treaty bodies and the availability of staff of the Centre for Human Rights has been increasing for several years and has increased dramatically over the past five years.This has been explained and informed to the relevant United Nations bodies, including the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly [1].Although these bodies have repeatedly brought to attention (for example, General Assembly resolution 47 / 111 and, more recently, Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993 / 16) the need for additional human and financial resources for the activities of the treaty bodies, the difficulties in this regard have persisted.In part II, paragraphs 9 to 12 and 15, of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action [2], the World Conference on Human Rights also called for a substantial increase in the resources allocated to the human rights agenda and the \"system of thematic and country rapporteurs, experts, working groups and treaty bodies\" [3].", "3.During the period under review, a number of well-informed observers addressed the continuing challenges in this area.For example, the chairpersons of the human rights treaty bodies have noted the \"close link between the availability of adequate secretariat resources and the effective functioning of the treaty body system\" and the \"critical need for more staff\" (A / 47 / 628, annex, para. 20) in view of the large number of new States parties to the various instruments and the resulting increase in workload, the additional services requested by the treaty bodies and the large volume of information from the various United Nations bodies and agencies, as well as from intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, to be processed and analysed.The inadequacy of resources is such that, in his view, \"requests for assistance from various treaty bodies are sometimes unanswered, despite the fact that such requests have been artificially low because they recognize the inability to provide greater assistance from existing resources\" (ibid., para. 50).", "4.In his interim report to the World Conference on Human Rights on his updated study of possible ways to improve the effective functioning of existing and future bodies in the long term under United Nations human rights instruments, the independent expert noted that [4]:", "\"The level of resources currently available, to the extreme, is almost inadequate, which condemns the treaty bodies to operate with a much lower degree of efficiency and effectiveness than they could easily achieve if the Member States of the Organization as a whole adopt more insightful policies in this regard.Ironically, Member States themselves are often the ones that are adversely affected by the resulting inefficiency.\"", "5.The independent expert concluded that [5]:", "\"The services currently provided by the Secretariat to the treaty bodies are totally inadequate.The computer system should be expedited; a documentation unit should be established; an inventory of the Committee & apos; s needs should be drawn up; the Centre for Human Rights should be responsible for the services provided to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women; the Secretariat should develop technical expertise within the framework of a major restructuring of existing service delivery arrangements, and a much higher volume of resources should be provided.\"", "It also recommended that the State party should strengthen the mutual action between universal and regional systems and develop databases to make the case law of each body available to others.", "6.In accordance with the recommendation of the meeting of chairpersons of human rights treaty bodies (A / 47 / 628, annex, para. 80), which was welcomed by the General Assembly in its", "resolution 47 / 125 of 18 December 1992, during the World Conference on Human Rights, the Secretariat organized a meeting of chairpersons of human rights treaty bodies in Vienna on 15 and 16 June 1993 with chairpersons or representatives of major regional and other human rights organizations, including the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the European Commission and the European Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Commission and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Commission on the Implementation of Conventions and Recommendations of the International Labour Organization.In the Vienna Declaration of the International Human Rights Treaty Bodies, it was noted that 10 Professional persons are currently available to serve six treaty bodies and three communication procedures and, in this regard, stressed that [6]:", "\"It is the obligation of the United Nations and other relevant international organizations to provide the various treaty bodies with sufficient resources to enable them to fulfil the functions entrusted to them.In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of treaty bodies, in the number of States parties to the various treaties and in the range of functions of treaty bodies.However, adequate financial and / or personnel resources have not been provided to address this situation.\"", "7.In its recommendations to improve the effectiveness of United Nations activities and mechanisms, the meeting recommended that the Centre for Human Rights be provided with at least 30 Professional posts to enable the various treaty bodies to fulfil their mandated functions.", "[1]Notes", "See, for example, the reports contained in documents E / 1990 / 50, A / 45 / 807, A / 47 / 702 and E / CN.4 / 1993 / 87.", "[2]A / CONF.157 / 23.", "[3]Ibid., para. 15.", "[4]A / CONF / 157 / PC / 62 / Add.11 / Rev.1, para. 206.", "[5] Ibid., Conclusions and recommendations, para. 31.", "[6]A / CONF.157 / TBB / 4, para. 8.", "-----" ]	"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"
"aVJThijBtYNN28VGkK1pgXvzMpR9U5NpHB2VDT2Qrxc="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/560", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante-huitième session", "Point 114 a) de l'ordre du jour", "QUESTIONS RELATIVES AUX DROITS DE L'HOMME : APPLICATION DES", "INSTRUMENTS RELATIFS AUX DROITS DE L'HOMME", "Financement et dotation en effectifs suffisants pour assurer les", "opérations des organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux", "relatifs aux droits de l'homme", "Rapport du Secrétaire général", "1. Dans sa résolution 47/111 du 16 décembre 1992, l'Assemblée générale a approuvé les recommandations des réunions des présidents des organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme, touchant la nécessité d'assurer à ces organes les ressources financières et humaines nécessaires pour leur permettre de fonctionner comme il convient, et, à cette fin, a demandé de nouveau au Secrétaire général d'assurer des ressources adéquates aux divers organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux et l'a prié de présenter un rapport sur la question à la Commission des droits de l'homme à sa quarante‑neuvième session ainsi qu'à elle-même à sa quarante‑huitième session. Le présent rapport fait suite à cette demande.", "2. L'écart entre la charge de travail se rapportant au fonctionnement des organes créés en vertu d'instruments relatifs aux droits de l'homme et la dotation en effectifs du Centre pour les droits de l'homme, qui n'avait cessé de se creuser depuis quelque temps, a pris des proportions considérables au cours des cinq dernières années, comme en ont été informés les organes compétents de l'ONU, notamment la Commission des droits de l'homme, le Conseil économique et social et l'Assemblée générale¹. Bien que tous ces organes aient, à diverses reprises, appelé l'attention sur la nécessité de renforcer les effectifs et de consacrer davantage de moyens financiers au fonctionnement des organes créés en vertu d'instruments relatifs aux droits de l'homme notamment l'Assemblée dans sa résolution 47/111 et, plus récemment, la Commission des droits de l'homme dans sa résolution 1993/16 les problèmes persistent. Aux paragraphes 9 à 12 et 15 de la deuxième partie de la Déclaration et du Programme d'action de Vienne², la Conférence mondiale sur les droits de l'homme a demandé que soient prises des mesures pour accroître substantiellement les ressources affectées au programme des droits de l'homme et au \"système de rapporteurs thématiques et par pays, d'experts, de groupes de travail et d'organes créés en vertu de traités\"³.", "3. Au cours de la période à l'étude, divers observateurs réputés se sont penchés sur ces difficultés persistantes. Les présidents des organes créés en vertu des instruments pertinents ont, par exemple, noté que \"la fourniture de services de secrétariat suffisants et le bon fonctionnement du système des organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux étaient étroitement liés\" et ont jugé \"essentiel d'augmenter les ressources en personnel étant donné le grand nombre de nouveaux Etats parties aux divers instruments et le volume de travail accru\" qui en résulte, les services de secrétariat supplémentaires requis par ces organes et la nécessité d'analyser l'énorme quantité de renseignements émanant des divers organes et institutions des Nations Unies ainsi que de sources intergouvernementales et non gouvernementales (A/47/628, annexe, par. 20). La pénurie de ressources est telle que les présidents ont estimé qu'il était \"parfois impossible de répondre aux demandes d'assistance de ces organes, alors même que ceux‑ci maintiennent le nombre de ces demandes à un niveau artificiellement peu élevé parce qu'ils savent que les ressources existantes ne leur permettent pas d'obtenir une assistance plus importante\" (ibid., par. 50).", "4. Dans un rapport intérimaire à la Conférence mondiale sur les droits de l'homme concernant l'étude qu'il avait réalisée sur les divers moyens de renforcer à long terme le fonctionnement des organes actuels et futurs créés en vertu d'instruments des Nations Unies relatifs aux droits de l'homme, un expert indépendant a indiqué que l'insuffisance flagrante de ressources mettait ces organes dans l'obligation de fonctionner bien en deçà des moyens qui auraient été leurs si les Etats Membres de l'ONU avaient, dans leur ensemble, adopté des politiques moins imprévoyantes. Paradoxalement, c'était souvent ces mêmes Etats qui étaient pénalisés du fait du mauvais fonctionnement des organes⁴.", "5. L'expert en était venu à conclure que les services de secrétariat fournis à ces organes étaient tout à fait insuffisants. Il fallait accélérer le passage à l'automatisation, créer un service de documentation et dresser la liste des besoins des comités. Le service du Comité pour l'élimination de la discrimination à l'égard des femmes devrait être assuré par le Centre pour les droits de l'homme. Le Secrétariat, dans le cadre d'une restructuration complète de la fourniture de services à ces organes, devrait développer les compétences dont il disposait en la matière. Des ressources considérablement plus élevées devraient être affectées à cette question. Enfin, l'interaction entre les réseaux régionaux et le réseau international devrait être plus substantielle et des bases de données devraient être établies afin que soient mises en commun les informations relatives à la jurisprudence de chaque organe⁵.", "6. Faisant suite à une recommandation formulée lors de la quatrième Réunion des présidents des organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme (A/47/628, annexe, par. 80) et accueillie avec satisfaction par l'Assemblée générale dans sa résolution 47/125 du 18 décembre 1992, le Secrétariat a organisé, à Vienne, les 15 et 16 juin 1993, dans le cadre de la Conférence mondiale sur les droits de l'homme, une réunion de ces présidents et des présidents de chacun des principaux organismes régionaux et autres de défense des droits de l'homme, notamment la Commission africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples, la Commission et la Cour européennes des droits de l'homme, la Commission et la Cour interaméricaines des droits de l'homme et la Commission d'experts pour l'application des conventions et recommandations de l'Organisation internationale du Travail. Dans la Déclaration de Vienne sur les organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme, les participants ont indiqué qu'il n'y avait que 10 postes d'administrateur pour assurer le service de six organes et trois procédures de communications. Ils ont, à cet égard, souligné que :", "\"L'Organisation des Nations Unies et les autres organisations internationales compétentes sont tenues de fournir des ressources suffisantes pour que les divers organes puissent assumer les fonctions qui leur ont été confiées. Dans le cadre de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, on a assisté ces dernières années à une augmentation spectaculaire du nombre d'organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme et du nombre d'Etats parties à ces instruments ainsi qu'à un élargissement considérable de la gamme des fonctions assumées par lesdits organes. Cette évolution ne s'est cependant pas accompagnée d'une augmentation adéquate des ressources financières ou humaines disponibles⁶.\"", "7. Pour renforcer l'efficacité des activités et mécanismes de l'Organisation en la matière, les participants ont recommandé que le Centre pour les droits de l'homme soit doté d'au moins 30 postes d'administrateur, ce qui permettrait aux divers organes créés en vertu d'instruments internationaux de s'acquitter des tâches qui leur ont été confiées.", "Notes", "¹ On se référera, par exemple, aux rapports figurant dans les documents E/1990/50, A/45/807, A/47/702 et E/CN.4/1993/87.", "² A/CONF.157/23.", "³ Ibid., par. 15.", "⁴ A/CONF.157/PC/62/Add.11/Rev.1, par. 206.", "⁵ Ibid., Conclusions et recommandations, par. 31.", "⁶ A/CONF.157/TBB/4, par. 8.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/560", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "Tema 114 a) del programa", "CUESTIONES RELATIVAS A LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS: APLICACION DE LOS", "INSTRUMENTOS DE DERECHOS HUMANOS", "Recursos financieros y de personal necesarios para las actividades", "de los órganos creados en virtud de tratados de derechos humanos", "Informe del Secretario General", "1. En su resolución 47/111 de 16 de diciembre de 1992, la Asamblea General hizo suyas las recomendaciones de las reuniones de los presidentes de los órganos creados en virtud de tratados de derechos humanos relativas a la necesidad de contar con los recursos financieros y de personal necesarios para las actividades de esos órganos y, en vista de ello, reiteró su solicitud de que el Secretario General proporcionara recursos suficientes a los diversos órganos creados en virtud de tratados y le pidió que presentara un informe sobre esta cuestión a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos en su 49º período de sesiones y a la Asamblea en su cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones. Este informe se presenta de conformidad con esa resolución.", "2. La discrepancia entre el volumen de trabajo relacionado con las actividades de los órganos creados en virtud de tratados y las disponibilidades de personal del Centro de Derechos Humanos ha ido en aumento durante varios años y se ha acrecentado de manera espectacular en los últimos cinco años. Este hecho se ha explicado e informado a los órganos pertinentes de las Naciones Unidas, incluida la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, el Consejo Económico y Social y la Asamblea General[1]. Pese a que estos órganos han señalado reiteradamente a la atención (por ejemplo, la resolución 47/111 de la Asamblea General y, más recientemente, la resolución 1993/16 de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos) la necesidad de disponer de recursos humanos y financieros adicionales para las actividades de los órganos creados en virtud de tratados, las dificultades al respecto han persistido. En los párrafos 9 a 12 y 15 de la parte II de la Declaración y Programa de Acción de Viena[2], la Conferencia Mundial de Derechos Humanos también hizo un llamamiento a que se aumentaran sustancialmente los recursos asignados al programa de derechos humanos y al \"sistema de relatores temáticos y por países, expertos, grupos de trabajo y órganos creados en virtud de tratados\"[3].", "3. Durante el período que se examina, varios observadores bien informados abordaron las dificultades permanentes que se plantean en esta materia. Por ejemplo, los presidentes de los órganos de derechos humanos creados en virtud de tratados han señalado el \"estrecho vínculo que existía entre la disponibilidad de recursos de secretaría suficientes y el funcionamiento eficaz del sistema de órganos de tratados\" y la \"necesidad crítica de contar con más personal\" (A/47/628, anexo, párr. 20) habida cuenta del gran número de nuevos Estados partes en los diversos instrumentos y del consiguiente incremento del volumen de trabajo, los servicios adicionales solicitados a la Secretaría por los órganos creados en virtud de tratados y el gran volumen de información procedente de los distintos órganos y organismos de las Naciones Unidas, así como de organizaciones intergubernamentales y no gubernamentales que se debe tramitar y analizar. La insuficiencia de los recursos es de tal naturaleza que, a su juicio, \"las peticiones de asistencia de diversos órganos de tratados quedan a veces sin respuesta pese a que esas peticiones se han mantenido a un nivel artificialmente bajo por reconocerse la imposibilidad de prestar una mayor asistencia con los recursos existentes\" (ibíd, párr. 50).", "4. En su informe provisional a la Conferencia Mundial de Derechos Humanos relativo a su estudio actualizado sobre posibles métodos de mejorar a largo plazo el funcionamiento eficaz de los órganos existentes y que puedan crearse en el futuro con arreglo a instrumentos de las Naciones Unidas sobre derechos humanos, el experto independiente señaló que[4]:", "\"El nivel de recursos actualmente disponibles, en extremo, inadecuado, prácticamente condena a los órganos creados en virtud de tratados a funcionar con un grado de eficiencia y eficacia muy inferior al que podrían alcanzar fácilmente si los Estados Miembros de la Organización en su conjunto adoptaran políticas más perspicaces al respecto. Irónicamente, a menudo los propios Estados Miembros son los perjudicados por la ineficiencia resultante.\"", "5. El experto independiente llegó a la conclusión de que[5]:", "\"Los servicios que proporciona actualmente la Secretaría a los órganos creados en virtud de tratados son totalmente inadecuados. Es preciso agilizar la computadorización; crear una dependencia de documentación; levantar un inventario de las necesidades de los comités; el Centro de Derechos Humanos debería encargarse de los servicios que se prestan al Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación contra la Mujer; la Secretaría debería desarrollar conocimientos técnicos especializados dentro del marco de una importante reestructuración de los arreglos existentes para la prestación de servicios, y deberá proporcionarse un volumen muy superior de recursos.\"", "También recomendó profundizar la acción recíproca entre los sistemas universal y regional y desarrollar bases de datos que permitieran poner la jurisprudencia de cada órgano a disposición de los demás.", "6. De conformidad con la recomendación formulada por la reunión de presidentes de órganos creados en virtud de tratados de derechos humanos (A/47/628, anexo, párr. 80) que fue acogida con beneplácito por la Asamblea General en su", "resolución 47/125, de 18 de diciembre de 1992, durante la Conferencia Mundial de Derechos Humanos, la Secretaría organizó en Viena, el 15 y 16 de junio de 1993, una reunión de presidentes de los órganos creados en virtud de tratados de derechos humanos con presidentes o representantes de las principales organizaciones regionales y otras organizaciones de derechos humanos, incluidas la Comisión Africana de Derechos Humanos y de los Pueblos, la Comisión Europea y el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, la Comisión Interamericana y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y la Comisión de Aplicación de Convenios y Recomendaciones de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo. En la Declaración de Viena de los órganos internacionales creados en virtud de tratados de derechos humanos, se señaló que actualmente se dispone de diez personas del cuadro orgánico para prestar servicios a seis órganos creados en virtud de tratados y tres procedimientos de comunicación y, al respecto, subrayó que[6]:", "\"Es obligación de las Naciones Unidas y de las demás organizaciones internacionales pertinentes suministrar a los diversos órganos creados en virtud de tratados recursos suficientes para que puedan desempeñar las funciones que se les han encomendado. En los últimos años, se ha presenciado en las Naciones Unidas un aumento espectacular del número de órganos creados en virtud de tratados, del número de Estados Partes en los distintos tratados y de la gama de funciones que desempeñan dichos órganos. Sin embargo, no se han previsto recursos financieros o de personal adecuados para hacer frente a esa situación.\"", "7. En sus recomendaciones para mejorar la eficacia de las actividades y mecanismos de las Naciones Unidas, la reunión recomendó que se proporcionara al Centro de Derechos Humanos un mínimo de 30 puestos del cuadro orgánico para que los diversos órganos creados en virtud de tratados puedan cumplir las funciones que les han sido encomendados.", "[1] Notas", "Véase, por ejemplo, los informes contenidos en los documentos E/1990/50, A/45/807, A/47/702 y E/CN.4/1993/87.", "[2] A/CONF.157/23.", "[3] Ibíd., párr. 15.", "[4] A/CONF/157/PC/62/Add.11/Rev.1, párr. 206.", "[5] Ibíd, Conclusiones y recomendaciones, párr. 31.", "[6] A/CONF.157/TBB/4, párr. 8.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/560", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (a)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE", "HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS", "Funding and staffing to ensure the", "of the treaty bodies", "Human Rights", "Report of the Secretary-General", "1.In its resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992, the General Assembly endorsed the recommendations of the meetings of persons chairing the human rights treaty bodies on the need to provide the necessary financial and human resources for the proper functioning of the treaty bodies, and, to that end, reiterated its request to the Secretary-General to ensure adequate resources for the various treaty bodies and requested him to submit a report on the matter to the Commission on Human Rights at its forty-ninth session and at its forty-eighth session.The present report is submitted in response to that request.", "2.The gap between the workload of the human rights treaty bodies and the staffing of the Centre for Human Rights, which had been growing for some time, had grown considerably over the past five years, as had been reported to the relevant United Nations bodies, including the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly.1Although all these bodies have, on various occasions, drawn attention to the need to strengthen the staffing and financial resources of the human rights treaty bodies, including the Assembly in its resolution 47/111 and, more recently, the Commission on Human Rights in its resolution 1993/16, the problems persist.In paragraphs 9 to 12 and 15 of part two of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,2 the World Conference on Human Rights called for measures to be taken to substantially increase the resources allocated to the human rights programme and to the \"system of thematic and country rapporteurs, experts, working groups and treaty bodies\"3.", "3.During the reporting period, a number of well-known observers addressed these persistent challenges.The chairpersons of the treaty bodies noted, for example, that \"the provision of adequate secretariat services and the functioning of the treaty body system were closely interrelated\" and considered \"essential to increase staff resources in view of the large number of new States parties to the various instruments and the resulting increased workload\", the additional secretariat services required by those bodies and the need to analyse the enormous amount of information from the various United Nations bodies and agencies, as well as from intergovernmental and non-governmental sources (A/47/628, annex, para.The lack of resources is such that the chairpersons have considered that it is \"sometimes impossible to respond to requests for assistance from these bodies, even though they maintain the number of such requests at an artificially low level because they know that existing resources do not allow them to obtain more assistance\" (ibid., para.", "4.In a progress report to the World Conference on Human Rights on its study on ways and means of strengthening the long-term functioning of the existing and future human rights treaty bodies, an independent expert indicated that the gross resource shortfall placed those bodies under an obligation to function well below the means that would have been available if the United Nations Member States had, as a whole, adopted less far-reaching policies.Paradoxically, it was often these same states that were penalized because of the malfunctioning of the organs4.", "5.The expert concluded that the secretariat services provided to these bodies were completely inadequate.The need to accelerate the transition to automation, establish a documentation service and list the needs of committees.The service of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women should be provided by the Centre for Human Rights.The Secretariat, in the context of a comprehensive restructuring of the provision of services to those bodies, should develop its expertise in that area.Significantly higher resources should be allocated to this issue.Finally, the interaction between regional networks and the international network should be more substantial and databases should be established to share information on the jurisprudence of each body.5", "6.In response to a recommendation made at the Fourth Meeting of Chairpersons of the Human Rights Treaty Bodies (A/47/628, annex, para. 80) and welcomed by the General Assembly in its resolution 47/125 of 18 December 1992, the Secretariat organized, in Vienna, on 15 and 16 June 1993, a meeting of the chairpersons of the human rights treaty bodies and the chairpersons of each of the principal regional and other human rights bodies, including the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the European Commission and Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights and the Commission of Experts on the Implementation of the Conventions and Recommendations of the International Labour Organization.In the Vienna Declaration on the Human Rights Treaty Bodies, participants indicated that there were only 10 Professional posts to serve six treaty bodies and three communications procedures.In this regard, they stressed that:", "\"The United Nations and other relevant international organizations are required to provide sufficient resources to enable the various bodies to carry out their functions.In the context of the United Nations, in recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of human rights treaty bodies and the number of States parties to them, as well as a considerable increase in the range of functions performed by the human rights treaty bodies.However, this development has not been accompanied by an adequate increase in available financial or human resources6.\"", "7.In order to enhance the effectiveness of the Organization's activities and mechanisms in that regard, participants recommended that the Centre for Human Rights should have at least 30 Professional posts, which would enable the various treaty bodies to carry out the tasks entrusted to them.", "Notes", "¹Reference is made, for example, to the reports contained in documents E/1990/50, A/45/807, A/47/702 and E/CN.4/1993/87.", "2 A/CONF.157/23.", "3 Ibid., para. 15.", "4 A/CONF.157/PC/62/Add.11/Rev.1, para. 206.", "5 Ibid., Conclusions and recommendations, para.", "6 A/CONF.157/TBB/4, para. 8.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 560", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (a)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE", "HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS", "Financial and personnel resources required for the activities", "of the human rights treaty bodies", "Report of the Secretary-General", "1.In its resolution 47 / 111 of 16 December 1992, the General Assembly endorsed the recommendations of the meetings of the chairpersons of the human rights treaty bodies concerning the need for the necessary financial and personnel resources for the activities of those bodies and, in view of that, reiterated its request that the Secretary-General provide adequate resources to the various treaty bodies and requested it to submit a report on this matter to the Commission on Human Rights at its forty-ninth session and to the Assembly at its forty-eighth session.The present report is submitted pursuant to that resolution.", "2.The discrepancy between the workload related to the activities of the treaty bodies and the availability of staff of the Centre for Human Rights has been increasing for several years and has increased dramatically over the past five years.This has been explained and informed to the relevant United Nations bodies, including the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly [1].Although these bodies have repeatedly brought to attention (for example, General Assembly resolution 47 / 111 and, more recently, Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993 / 16) the need for additional human and financial resources for the activities of the treaty bodies, the difficulties in this regard have persisted.In part II, paragraphs 9 to 12 and 15, of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action [2], the World Conference on Human Rights also called for a substantial increase in the resources allocated to the human rights agenda and the \"system of thematic and country rapporteurs, experts, working groups and treaty bodies\" [3].", "3.During the period under review, a number of well-informed observers addressed the continuing challenges in this area.For example, the chairpersons of the human rights treaty bodies have noted the \"close link between the availability of adequate secretariat resources and the effective functioning of the treaty body system\" and the \"critical need for more staff\" (A / 47 / 628, annex, para. 20) in view of the large number of new States parties to the various instruments and the resulting increase in workload, the additional services requested by the treaty bodies and the large volume of information from the various United Nations bodies and agencies, as well as from intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, to be processed and analysed.The inadequacy of resources is such that, in his view, \"requests for assistance from various treaty bodies are sometimes unanswered, despite the fact that such requests have been artificially low because they recognize the inability to provide greater assistance from existing resources\" (ibid., para. 50).", "4.In his interim report to the World Conference on Human Rights on his updated study of possible ways to improve the effective functioning of existing and future bodies in the long term under United Nations human rights instruments, the independent expert noted that [4]:", "\"The level of resources currently available, to the extreme, is almost inadequate, which condemns the treaty bodies to operate with a much lower degree of efficiency and effectiveness than they could easily achieve if the Member States of the Organization as a whole adopt more insightful policies in this regard.Ironically, Member States themselves are often the ones that are adversely affected by the resulting inefficiency.\"", "5.The independent expert concluded that [5]:", "\"The services currently provided by the Secretariat to the treaty bodies are totally inadequate.The computer system should be expedited; a documentation unit should be established; an inventory of the Committee & apos; s needs should be drawn up; the Centre for Human Rights should be responsible for the services provided to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women; the Secretariat should develop technical expertise within the framework of a major restructuring of existing service delivery arrangements, and a much higher volume of resources should be provided.\"", "It also recommended that the State party should strengthen the mutual action between universal and regional systems and develop databases to make the case law of each body available to others.", "6.In accordance with the recommendation of the meeting of chairpersons of human rights treaty bodies (A / 47 / 628, annex, para. 80), which was welcomed by the General Assembly in its", "resolution 47 / 125 of 18 December 1992, during the World Conference on Human Rights, the Secretariat organized a meeting of chairpersons of human rights treaty bodies in Vienna on 15 and 16 June 1993 with chairpersons or representatives of major regional and other human rights organizations, including the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the European Commission and the European Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Commission and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Commission on the Implementation of Conventions and Recommendations of the International Labour Organization.In the Vienna Declaration of the International Human Rights Treaty Bodies, it was noted that 10 Professional persons are currently available to serve six treaty bodies and three communication procedures and, in this regard, stressed that [6]:", "\"It is the obligation of the United Nations and other relevant international organizations to provide the various treaty bodies with sufficient resources to enable them to fulfil the functions entrusted to them.In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of treaty bodies, in the number of States parties to the various treaties and in the range of functions of treaty bodies.However, adequate financial and / or personnel resources have not been provided to address this situation.\"", "7.In its recommendations to improve the effectiveness of United Nations activities and mechanisms, the meeting recommended that the Centre for Human Rights be provided with at least 30 Professional posts to enable the various treaty bodies to fulfil their mandated functions.", "[1]Notes", "See, for example, the reports contained in documents E / 1990 / 50, A / 45 / 807, A / 47 / 702 and E / CN.4 / 1993 / 87.", "[2]A / CONF.157 / 23.", "[3]Ibid., para. 15.", "[4]A / CONF / 157 / PC / 62 / Add.11 / Rev.1, para. 206.", "[5] Ibid., Conclusions and recommendations, para. 31.", "[6]A / CONF.157 / TBB / 4, para. 8.", "-----" ]	"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"
"3/pfitl5y6g0yfRvre28sfwA7vgD545gEF8VeEWkPLg="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/525", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (c)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATIONS AND REPORTS", "OF SPECIAL RAPPORTEURS AND REPRESENTATIVES", "Situation of human rights in South Africa", "Note by the Secretary-General", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly the preliminary report on the situation of human rights in South Africa prepared by the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on southern Africa of the Commission on Human Rights in accordance with Commission resolution 1993/9 of 26 February 1993 and Economic and Social Council decision 1993/257 of 28 July 1993.", "93-57188 (E) 121193 /...", "ANNEX", "CONTENTS", "Paragraphs Page", "I. INTRODUCTION ......................................... 1 - 10 3", "II. RIGHT TO LIFE ....................................... 11 - 20 4", "A. Escalation of violence ........................... 11 - 12 4", "B. Detention without trial .......................... 13 - 14 5", "C. Death in detention and police custody ............ 15 - 17 5", "D. Political trials ................................. 18 6", "E. Political prisoners .............................. 19 6", "F. Executions ....................................... 20 7", "III. BANTUSTANS ........................................... 21 - 28 7", "IV. FREEDOM OF THE PRESS ................................. 29 - 31 9", "V. EDUCATION ............................................ 32 - 34 9", "VI. TRADE UNION RIGHTS ................................... 35 - 38 11", "VII. CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS ......................... 39 11", "VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................... 40 - 65 11", "A. Conclusions ...................................... 40 - 54 11", "B. Recommendations .................................. 55 - 65 13", "I. INTRODUCTION", "1. The Commission on Human Rights, at its forty-ninth session, adopted resolution 1993/9 of 26 February 1993, in which it decided to renew for a further period of two years the mandate of the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on southern Africa, established pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 2 (XXIII) of 6 March 1967. In resolution 1993/9 the Commission requested the Working Group, inter alia, to continue to examine the situation regarding the violations of human rights in South Africa and to submit an interim and a final report to the Commission at its fiftieth and fifty-first sessions, respectively, and preliminary reports to the General Assembly at its forty-eighth and forty-ninth sessions.", "2. The Working Group is currently composed of the following six members, serving in their personal capacity and appointed by the Commission on Human Rights: Mr. Mikuin Leliel Balanda (Zaire), Chairman/Rapporteur; Mr. Felix Ermacora (Austria), Vice-Chairman; Mr. Armando Entralgo (Cuba); Mr. Elly-Elikunda Mtango (United Republic of Tanzania); Mr. Zoran Paji_ (Bosnia and Herzegovina); and Mr. Mulka Govinda Reddy (India).", "3. The Commission on Human Rights, at its forty-ninth session, in accordance with resolution 1993/9, requested the Government of South Africa to allow the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts to visit that country to gather information from concerned individuals and organizations in order to ascertain the situation of human rights in South Africa.", "4. In pursuance of that request, once again, the representative of the Government of South Africa was approached. The Assistant Secretary-General, on behalf of the Working Group, addressed a request on 1 March 1993. A delegation of Members of Parliament, who had had consultations with the Assistant Secretary-General at Geneva and had expressed their interest in facilitating a visit by the Working Group, was also approached by him. On 6 April 1993, the Chairman of the Working Group further renewed the request on behalf of the Group for a visit to South Africa in order to ascertain the situation of human rights in that country. Further informal contacts resulted in an indication from the Permanent Representative of the Government of South Africa to the United Nations Office at Geneva that the visit was not considered advisable given the present delicate situation in the country. The Working Group regrets the consistent failure of the Government of South Africa to respect the requests of the Commission to facilitate the Group's visit in order to evaluate the prevailing situation of human rights. The Group continues to hope that the competent authorities in South Africa will concede to the resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights and allow a visit before the fiftieth session of the Commission.", "5. In order to fulfil their reporting responsibilities to the General Assembly and the Human Rights Commission, the Working Group, in keeping with past practice, heard testimonies outside South Africa. The Group conducted hearings at Gaborone from 16 to 19 August 1993 and at Harare from 20 to 27 August 1993 for the purpose of receiving evidence and hearing testimony from individuals and organizations having first-hand experience with the situation in South Africa. The topics on which the Working Group received evidence and heard testimony were the following: conditions after the repeal of certain apartheid legislation (including health and education), right to life, detention and deaths in police custody, cases of torture and ill-treatment, capital punishment and executions, administration of justice, political trials, detention, torture and ill-treatment of children, trade union activities, constitutional negotiations and the situation regarding the escalating violence resulting in deaths.", "6. During the course of meetings held at Gaborone, testimony was heard from representatives of the African National Congress (ANC), the Independent Board of Inquiry and the Anti-Censorship Action Group. Testimony was also given by concerned individuals.", "7. The Working Group gathered further evidence at Harare from representatives of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, the National Association of Democratic Lawyers, Lawyers for Human Rights, the ANC, the Centre for Applied Legal Studies of the University of Witwatersrand and concerned individuals.", "8. The Working Group received testimony at Geneva from representatives of the International Labour Office (ILO) regarding the recent development with respect to trade union law and the situation of Black workers in South Africa. The special report of the Director‑General of ILO to the eightieth session of the International Labour Conference on the application of the Declaration concerning Action Against Apartheid in South Africa will be evaluated by the Working Group in its final report to the Commission on Human Rights at its fiftieth session.", "9. The Working Group heard testimony from a total of 15 witnesses.", "10. The present report, which should be read in conjunction with the Working Group's latest report to the Commission on Human Rights (E/CN.4/1993/14), is a brief evaluation of the principal developments of the human rights situation in South Africa between February and September 1993. It was adopted by the Working Group on 30 September 1993.", "II. RIGHT TO LIFE", "A. Escalation of violence", "11. The Working Group noted that the situation regarding violence appeared to be very encouraging in the initial months of 1993 and that deaths and injuries had diminished considerably. However, the situation began to change soon after constitutional negotiations began and the death-toll rose, especially after the Multiparty Negotiating Forum decided that elections would take place on 27 April 1993, leading to the formation of the Transitional Executive Committee. It would appear that violence continues to escalate. According to statistics published by the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, 554 deaths were recorded in August 1993 alone, the third highest figure recorded. It was reported that the average daily death rate came to 18, which was more than double the average death rate for the previous three years. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa informed the Working Group that 2,000 people had been killed in political and other violence during the first seven months of 1993 and close to 3,000 had been injured. The witness said that since August 1992 the violence had shifted from the Pretoria/Witwatersrand/Vaal area to the Natal region. In recent months, however, the violence returned to the former area. According to the information submitted by the representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, the deaths in that area during July 1993 accounted for more than half the national death toll.", "Assassination of Chris Hani", "12. Politically motivated violence achieved its peak in the senseless assassination of Chris Hani, the Secretary-General of the South African Communist Party, in April 1993, the most disturbing event at a time when such strenuous efforts had been undertaken by all parties concerned to reach a negotiated settlement for a constitutional framework that would allow the deprived majority of South Africa to establish a multiparty democratic government. As progress is made towards a consensus, extremist reactions are inevitable from some quarters. On the other hand, it must be noted that there appears to be a genuine attempt to work towards peace and reconciliation evidenced by the fact that a White woman, a neighbour of Mr. Hani, was instrumental in the arrest of a suspect in his murder thanks to her speedy intervention. According to the representative of Lawyers for Human Rights, during the tense and volatile situations that followed, it was through the structures of the National Peace Accord, as well as appeals from the leaders of all groups, that violent incidents were prevented during the funeral ceremonies. This was due in part to the fact that the National Peace Accord committees are in a position to establish contact at the local level as well as undertake the task of facilitating and maintaining peace, a role that is vital, in the face of the increasing violence.", "B. Detention without trial", "13. It was reported that 117 people had been detained during the first seven months of 1993 under section 29 of the Internal Security Act. Four of them were still in detention at the end of July 1993. Under section 50 of the Act, which allows for 14 days' preventive detention, 74 detentions were recorded. On the other hand, no detentions were recorded during that period under section 31 of the Act. It was further reported that 21 people were still being held under the Unrest Areas Regulations.", "14. Under equivalent legislation in the so-called \"homelands\", which remains unchanged, 55 detentions were recorded in Bophuthatswana. The Working Group noted that according to information received from the Human Rights Commission of South Africa no such detentions were recorded in Transkei, Ciskei and Venda.", "C. Death in detention and police custody", "15. According to the representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, no deaths in detention were recorded during the first seven months of 1993. However, during the same period, 25 deaths while in police custody were recorded. In this connection, the Working Group was pleased to note the reported establishment in March 1992 under the National Peace Accord of the Police Board. It was reported that the Board was to be launched in the Witwatersrand/Vaal area and was expected to be operational by the end of 1993. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa further reported that local committees were to conduct announced spot checks on police cells and that, with the agreement of the police, under a \"visitors' programme\", a panel of civilians would be allowed to examine police cells at any time during the day or night in order to interview any prisoner and subsequently report on the visit. A police register, to be kept at local police stations, was to be established in order to keep a record of those arrested as well as details of the place where they were being detained. Furthermore, all this information was to be made available to those directly concerned and affected by the arrests.", "16. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa referred to several inquests into deaths in police custody and referred to cases where, subsequent to the inquiries, members of the South African Police were suspended from duty, pending investigations or a decision by the Attorney-General. Decisions by the Attorney-General to prosecute policemen involved in deaths of persons while in police custody were also brought to the attention of the Working Group by the representative of Human Rights Commission of South Africa.", "17. It was reported in the Amnesty International Newsletter of September 1993 that, in a rare move, the Attorney-General from Witwatersrand had announced in July that a police lieutenant was to be charged with the murder of Bethuel Maphumulo, who was killed while in custody in 1990. The decision to prosecute, it was further reported, came in the wake of a campaign by the Maphumulo family, lawyers and human rights activists, who had struggled for more than two years to convince the authorities to bring charges against the police officer accused of responsibility for the killing. It was reported that the case was scheduled to be heard by the Supreme Court.", "D. Political trials", "18. According to information received by the Working Group, political trials continue under the Internal Security Act: during the period from January to June 1993, it was reported that 90 trials had been completed involving 860 accused. Of those accused persons, 145 were convicted, 211 acquitted, 403 had all charges against them withdrawn and 79 pleaded guilty and were fined. Twenty-one of them absconded and one was granted indemnity. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa further reported that at the end of July 1993 81 political trials were in progress involving 827 accused.", "E. Political prisoners", "19. It was reported by the representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa that the Joint Scrutiny Committee set up in 1992 for the purposes of identifying political prisoners who qualify for release as political prisoners had the names of 49 persons categorized as prisoners who qualified for release. The Committee had already assessed 13 of them who were still in prison as political prisoners and 17 were still under review. The Human Rights Commission of South Africa lists the remaining 19 as political prisoners and therefore entitled to be considered for indemnity. 1/", "F. Executions", "20. The Working Group was informed that no executions had taken place during the period under consideration, although 302 people were known to be on death row and 29 of them were sentenced to death during the course of 1993 in relation to criminal offenses.", "III. BANTUSTANS", "21. As previously reported on several occasions by the Working Group and according to recent information received from Africa Watch, the Working Group once again emphasizes that under apartheid as originally conceived, all Black South Africans were to lose their South African citizenship and instead become citizens of the so-called \"independent States\" within South Africa's borders. Although all substantial ethnic groups of purely African origin in South Africa were eventually allocated to a particular homeland, the system was never entirely implemented. Many Africans continued to live - legally or illegally - in areas officially designated for Whites only; moreover, only four of the homelands (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei, \"the TBVC States\") ever became nominally independent. The remaining six are known as \"self-governing territories\" and do not have sovereign status within South African law though they do theoretically have a large measure of legislative and executive autonomy. In practice, there has been little difference for their inhabitants between the nominally independent TBVC States and the \"self-governing territories\". Although the Government of South Africa in 1991 repealed the major legislation implementing apartheid within South Africa outside the homelands, the statutes setting up the homelands remain in force.", "22. The reincorporation of the so-called \"homelands\" into the Republic of South Africa has been one of the most contentious points at the multilateral negotiations for a transition to majority rule, which began in 1990. The Government of South African has argued that the reincorporation of some of the \"homelands\" requires the consent of the Governments concerned, because it treats them as sovereign States. In the case of the self-governing territories, the Government of South Africa passed legislation in 1993 that makes provision for the jurisdiction granted to the six \"non-independent\" homelands to be revoked. Nevertheless, this power is to be exercised only \"with the consent or at the request of the Government of the self-governing territory concerned\".", "23. In August 1992, it was reported that the Government of South Africa was planning to give control of an additional 1.2 million hectares of land to the self-governing territories of KwaZulu, QwaQwa and Lebowa. 2/ Further land would also be offered to KaNgwane, KwaNdebele and Gazankulu. According to the Government's own analysis, more than half of this land is already developed and occupied on a permanent basis. Approximately 600,000 hectares of the land was designated for transfer to KwaZulu. According to information received, the Government refused to release details of the exact location of the land affected, which was only publicized after research at the Deeds Office by the Association for Rural Advancement (AFRA), a non-governmental organization involved in development and land issues. The areas affected are spread throughout Natal and include communities that previously opposed incorporation into the homeland. There was an immediate outcry at the transfer proposals from a wide variety of organizations, including the ANC, as well as human rights and development groups. (A joint press release condemning the Government's proposal was released by AFRA, the Black Sash, the Centre for Adult Education of the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Five Freedoms Forum, the Human Rights Commission, Lawyers for Human Rights, the Legal Resources Centre, the Natal Midlands Rural Development Network Executive, the Pietermaritzburg Association for Christian Social Action and the South African Catholic Bishops Conference.)", "24. The land to be transferred was previously held by the South African Development Trust (SADT), a body established by the Development Trust and Land Act of 1936 to hold land intended for eventual incorporation into the homelands. Following the repeal of the Development Trust and Land Act by the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act of 1991, SADT was abolished on 1 April 1992. The land it held was transferred to the Ministry of Regional and Land Affairs (formerly the Department of Development Aid), which is responsible for the self‑governing territories, and it is this land that is now being transferred to homeland control. Although the details of the transfer remain obscure, it was stated by Deputy Minister of Land Affairs Johan Scheepers that the land to be transferred would remain part of South Africa, subject to South African legislation, but that the rendering of services on the land concerned would be a joint venture. It has not been made clear what exactly this joint administration will entail. According to information received in previous cases where land has remained technically part of South Africa but administration has been by a homeland, there has been no practical difference from complete transfer of ownership.", "25. In its 1991 White Paper on Land Reform, the Government of South Africa acknowledged that there was no basis for further incorporation of land into the homelands. During multilateral negotiations in 1992 it was also agreed by all parties, including the Governments of the self-governing territories, that there should be a moratorium on further transfers of land. However, the Government has described the new transfers as \"in accordance with the principles and guidelines contained in the Government's White Paper on Land Reform\", on the grounds that full ownership was not being transferred to the homelands. The transfer of administrative control was a compromise agreed to because the Government had \"come under increasing pressure from the six territories to fulfil the old promises of land transfer\".", "26. While the Governments of Lebowa and QwaQwa agreed to the transfer of joint administrative control under the scheme proposed by the Government, the KwaZulu Government argued that full authority over the land should be transferred to it.", "27. On 1 February 1993, Deputy Minister of Land Affairs Johan Scheepers was reported to have said that the Government would not put a moratorium on the land transfers. In June 1993, two acts (the Regulation of Joint Executive Action Regarding Certain Land Act 109/1993 and the Joint Administration of Certain Matters Act 99/1993) were enacted empowering the State President to give effect to agreements for the joint administration of land outside the self-governing territories. In August 1993, South Africa and KwaZulu announced that a compromise had been reached on the land allocated to KwaZulu. The transfers would go ahead, although KwaZulu would not obtain full authority, South Africa retaining the right to control policing and education, with other services being jointly administered. Two highly sensitive areas, Clermont (a township outside Durban that had previously fought a long battle against incorporation) and Edendale (an area near Pietermaritzburg that has been a centre of bitter violence), would be excluded from the transaction. According to information received, no land has yet been transferred under this agreement.", "28. The Working Group was informed that during the initial period of constitutional negotiations, there had been no adequate reference to or discussion of the question of the homelands.", "IV. FREEDOM OF THE PRESS", "29. The Working Group was informed by a representative of the Anti-Censorship Action Group that there was an increase in attacks on journalists and members of the press corps. She referred to the events during the commemorative meetings and marches for the day of mourning of Chris Hani, as well as instances when attempts were made, on other occasions, to report on or photograph crowds looting shops or indulging in arson. She referred to an attack on a cameraman and a South African Broadcasting Corporation journalist on 23 April 1993, which resulted in the death of the latter. The increase in such events had led to a resolution at the annual congress of the South African Union of Journalists to set up permanent structures with the main political parties to discuss attacks on journalists.", "30. The Working Group also noted that, according to information received after allegations were made of irresponsible press reporting, the Goldstone Commission had requested the Press Council to investigate the role of the media in the current escalation of violence, especially in relation to incidents such as those which took place during a march at Thokoza that ended in the death of 13 people.", "31. Proposals are currently under consideration to reorganize the South African Broadcasting Corporation.", "V. EDUCATION", "32. The representative of the national Children's Rights Committee in the course of her testimony referred to all the encouraging and positive changes that had taken place, in particular the Interim Measure of Local Government Act of 1991, which had been passed to allow local committees to negotiate their own models of non-racial local government until the constitution was finalized. She also referred to the Child Care Amendment Act of 1991, which aimed to enable adoptions of children without racial considerations. She further referred to the Education Affairs Amendment Act of 1992, which was passed to facilitate procedures whereby schools could admit pupils of other races and to the initiation of procedures to desegregate hospitals and eliminate discrimination in the entitlements of pensions which were previously based on race. She said that in spite of those legal changes, the actual situation in areas such as health, education and social welfare had not yet improved because of difficulties associated with availability, affordability and accessibility.", "33. Furthermore, she informed the Working Group that the child population (under 19) in South Africa in 1991 had been recorded as 17,585,922. Children under five years of age in 1991 made up 36 per cent of the total South African population and only 7 per cent of those under five years of age had access to pre-school education and care. The National Education Policy Investigation on Early Childhood Educare had expressed the need to coordinate education, primary health care, social welfare, housing and development programmes to meet the needs of children in an integrated way. Its report also highlighted the tension between the need for effective family and community participation in educare provision and the need to promote national unity and to distribute resources to redress the iniquities of apartheid in terms of an overall development plan. Iniquities in the South African educational system were greatest in respect of educare and basic primary schooling, which perpetuated inequality of performance. In that connection the differential treatment in the provision of educational facilities inherited from the apartheid system remained and no financial provision was made for African children of pre-school age. That practice stemmed from a discriminatory way of budgeting in the educational system, which still maintained the structure of apartheid. The witness stressed the importance of moving beyond legislative changes in terms of a negotiated settlement and undertaking the promotion of a culture of learning and teaching, which had been destroyed. Violence had made access to schools extremely dangerous in affected areas and those African children who did manage to get to schools spent very little time in formal learning.", "34. The representative went on to say that, owing to apartheid structures, which provided for separate discriminatory educational systems based on race, compulsory education at the primary and secondary school level was not provided for all African children and it was a discretionary matter for the different departments, which are governed by their own statutes. She referred to a proposal recently adopted by the Government to introduce compulsory education for at least nine years, for which the State would assume primary responsibility. The National Education Policy Investigation (1992) and the ANC, among others, had made various proposals for restructuring a phased transition of the existing system, which was run under 19 different departments. According to the witness, compulsory primary and junior secondary education would require an additional 125,617 teachers and 11,044 classrooms, the total costs of which would be more than 2 billion rand. To implement compulsory education in the Department of Education and homeland schools, an additional 18,059 teachers would be needed. In view of the natural link with early childhood development programmes, an increase in possible access to primary education would undoubtedly lead to a greater fulfilment of aspirations for higher education. In that context, the representative expressed the need to support the Transitional Executive Council and to encourage it to work closely with democratic structures to achieve acceptable solutions.", "VI. TRADE UNION RIGHTS", "35. It was reported that political changes leading up to the formation of the Transitional Educative Council had had a strong influence on trade union rights and labour laws in South Africa. Several bodies connected with trade union rights bodies had changed their composition and had resulted in multiracial forums. The National Manpower Commission was now constituted as a tripartite multiparty body. Although jobs at the higher level were no longer reserved for the Whites, the situation of Black workers had not changed, since they still did not have access to the necessary training.", "36. The Public Service Act of 1993, which deals with civil servants, was passed in May 1993. However, those positive developments had not yet improved the situation of domestic workers and the estimated 1,000,000 farm workers. It was reported that two bills concerning domestic and farm-workers were still pending before Parliament.", "37. According to information received, numerous arms were in the hands of the civilian population and in particular, under the government scheme of state subsidy, White farmers were heavily armed, which would further complicate the social relationship between farmers and their employees. Employers and workers as such were not participating in the constitutional negotiations and that could undermine workers' rights.", "38. Farm-workers were totally dependent on the owner of the farm for family accommodation and sometimes schooling provided by some farmers. It was reported that that could well prevent the farm-workers from organizing themselves.", "VII. CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS", "39. After agreement during the multilateral talks was reached in early September on the formation of a Transitional Executive Council, the South African Parliament approved it on 23 September 1993. On 24 September 1993, Mr. Nelson Mandela addressed the General Assembly and asked for the removal of economic sanctions against South Africa.", "VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS", "A. Conclusions", "40. The Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts regrets that the Government of South Africa has not permitted the Group to visit the country in order to evaluate the prevailing situation of human rights in South Africa in conformity with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993/9.", "41. The right to life continues to be violated with impunity. In August 1993 alone 554 deaths were recorded as a result of the violence in the country. During the first seven months of 1993, 2,000 people were killed as a result of political violence. As far as the death toll is concerned, there is clearly direct or indirect responsibility of the security forces.", "42. The rise in the death toll after the decision to hold Constituent Assembly elections in April 1994 raises suspicion of deliberate action by certain right‑wing forces to frustrate the democratic process.", "43. Endemic violence constitutes a key element in the South African crisis. According to the different testimonies submitted to the Working Group, it is mainly due to political rivalries and the so-called \"third force\", a clear reference to the role of the police and security forces. It is evident that without an end to the escalation of violence and a much more rapid and efficient preventive action or intervention by the police, this situation will inevitably reduce the chances for peaceful and democratic solution of the political crisis and the total elimination of the system of apartheid.", "44. Detentions without trial under sections 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and under the Unrest Areas Regulations continue to violate individual freedoms in South Africa and should therefore be abolished. The Ad Hoc Working Group is also concerned about detentions without trial in the so-called \"homelands\", particularly in Bophuthatswana.", "45. During the first seven months of 1993, 25 deaths in police custody were recorded. The Ad Hoc Working Group is seriously concerned that deaths in police custody are still taking place in South Africa. It urges the Government of South Africa to ensure that all necessary measures are taken to put a stop to this gross violation of the right to life and in this connection it hopes that the Police Board, which may be operational by the end of 1993, will have a positive role to play.", "46. The system of homelands, which is widely condemned by the international community, is still in force despite the repeal in 1991 of major apartheid laws. It appears, from the steps recently taken to incorporate more land into the so‑called \"self-governing territories\", that the Government of South Africa still intends to perpetuate the Bantustan system. It is also curious that the 1993 law providing for possible revocation of homeland status is conditional upon the consent or request of the Government of the self-governing territory concerned.", "47. The Working Group considers that the whole issue of freedom of the press as well as the question of responsible reporting needs careful attention. Objective assessment and the right of the people to information is a question of particular importance at a time when proposals are under consideration regarding the freedom of expression.", "48. The Working Group notes that there are various factors that have led to attempts to curb the freedom of the press through violent measures. While important and fundamental principles are being decided upon during the current constitutional negotiations, freedom of expression must receive the attention it merits.", "49. The population of children in South Africa in 1991 was recorded as 17,585,922. Compulsory education is not available to Black children. Children of different races are treated differently and are covered by separate departments.", "50. While appreciating the measures already taken to introduce reforms relating to the rights of workers in the agricultural, domestic and public service sectors, the Working Group notes with concern the fact that such measures do not sufficiently conform to the international labour standards governing the tripartite partners all over the world.", "51. The political atmosphere improved significantly after the agreement reached at the multiparty conference on the establishment of a Transitional Executive Council and a previous accord fixing elections for 27 April 1994.", "52. In that context, the Group sees the removal of the trade and economic sanctions against South Africa proposed by Mr. Nelson Mandela as an important step in the process of reintegration of the country into the international community.", "53. However, the hostile stand of the White extreme right and the local authorities in three Bantustans, KwaZulu, Bophuthatswana and Ciskei, the discriminatory behaviour of the security forces in South Africa and the increasing violence throughout the country could jeopardize the proper functioning of the Transitional Executive Council, the forthcoming elections and the reintegration of South Africa into the international community.", "54. The failure of the South African authorities to protect all citizens on an equal footing has resulted in the accumulation in private hands of an enormous amount of weaponry acquired for self-defence.", "B. Recommendations", "55. The government institutions, in particular the South African Police and the Defence Force, should demonstrate greater determination to curb the escalating violence and take responsibility for guaranteeing security to all citizens without discrimination. The right-wing tendencies of some members of the police and army affecting their official activities must be investigated and, where proven, the individuals concerned retired forthwith.", "56. Attempts should be made to educate members of the security forces through retraining of the security personnel in accordance with international standards.", "57. The Ad Hoc Working Group recommends that sections 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and other remaining repressive regulations should be abolished and that similar regulations applicable in the homelands should be scrapped at the same time.", "58. A general amnesty should be given to all those under sentence of death for anti‑apartheid activities that could be regarded as politically motivated.", "59. It is recommended that the death penalty should be abolished immediately and that the sentences of all prisoners on death row should be replaced by other forms of punishment.", "60. The Bantustan system, which was established unilaterally by the Government of South Africa without consultation with the territories concerned, should be speedily abolished without the prerequisite request or consent of the nominally independent homelands or the self-governing territories.", "61. The Group hopes that freedom of expression will be considered by all negotiating parties as one of the fundamental human rights.", "62. While the recently adopted proposal to introduce nine years' compulsory education is laudable, the Government of South Africa should take urgent and deliberate measures to provide the necessary human and material resources. The international community should also assist in this regard.", "63. It is recommended that the Government of South Africa invite ILO to advise on changes to be introduced in order to comply with international labour standards.", "64. Any interim constitution should contain all the recognized international norms in the field of human rights.", "65. With the assumption of responsibility to guarantee public safety without discrimination, the Government should take firm measures for the surrender of all weapons presently in private hands.", "Notes", "1/ E/CN.4/1993/14, paras. 133-138, p. 36.", "2/ See E/CN.4/1993/14, paras. 164-170.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/525", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "Point 114 c) de l'ordre du jour", "QUESTIONS RELATIVES AUX DROITS DE L'HOMME :", "SITUATIONS RELATIVES AUX DROITS DE L'HOMME", "ET RAPPORTS DES RAPPORTEURS ET REPRESENTANTS", "SPECIAUX", "La situation relative aux droits de l'homme en Afrique du Sud", "Note du Secrétaire général", "Le Secrétaire général a l'honneur de transmettre aux membres de l'Assemblée générale le rapport préliminaire sur la situation relative aux droits de l'homme en Afrique du Sud, établi par le Groupe spécial d'experts sur l'Afrique australe de la Commission des droits de l'homme, conformément à la résolution 1993/9 de la Commission, en date du 26 février 1993, et à la décision 1993/257 du Conseil économique et social, en date du 28 juillet 1993.", "Annexe", "TABLE DES MATIERES", "Paragraphes Page", "I. INTRODUCTION 1 - 10 3", "II. DROIT A LA VIE 11 - 20 4", "A. Intensification de la violence 11 - 12 4", "B. Détention sans procès 13 - 14 5", "C. Décès survenus en cours de détention ou de", "garde à vue 15 - 17 5", "D. Procès politiques 18 6", "E. Prisonniers politiques 19 6", "F. Exécutions 20 7", "III. BANTOUSTANS 21 - 28 7", "IV. LIBERTE DE LA PRESSE 29 - 31 9", "V. ENSEIGNEMENT 32 - 34 9", "VI. DROITS SYNDICAUX 35 - 38 11", "VII. NEGOCIATIONS CONSTITUTIONNELLES 39 11", "VIII. CONCLUSIONS ET RECOMMANDATIONS 40 - 65 12", "A. Conclusions 40 - 54 12", "B. Recommandations 55 - 65 13", "I. INTRODUCTION", "1. A sa quarante-neuvième session, la Commission des droits de l'homme a adopté sa résolution 1993/9 du 26 février 1993, dans laquelle elle a décidé de renouveler pour une période de deux ans le mandat du Groupe spécial d'experts sur l'Afrique australe, qu'elle avait créé par sa résolution 2 (XXIII) du 6 mars 1967. Dans sa résolution 1993/9, la Commission a notamment prié le Groupe spécial d'experts de continuer d'examiner la situation concernant les violations des droits de l'homme en Afrique du Sud, de lui soumettre son rapport intérimaire lors de sa cinquantième session, et son rapport final lors de sa cinquante et unième session, et de présenter un rapport préliminaire à l'Assemblée générale à ses quarante-huitième et quarante-neuvième sessions.", "2. Le Groupe spécial est actuellement composé des six experts suivants, nommés par la Commission des droits de l'homme et agissant à titre individuel : M. Mikuin Leliel Balanda (Zaïre), Président/Rapporteur, M. Felix Ermacora (Autriche), Vice-Président, M. Armando Entralgo (Cuba), M. Elly-Elikunda Mtango (République-Unie de Tanzanie), M. Zoran Paji_ (Bosnie-Herzégovine), et M. Mulka Govinda Reddy (Inde).", "3. A sa quarante-neuvième session, la Commission des droits de l'homme, conformément à sa résolution 1993/9, a demandé au Gouvernement sud-africain d'autoriser le Groupe spécial d'experts à se rendre dans ce pays pour recueillir des informations de particuliers et d'organisations en vue d'évaluer la situation des droits de l'homme en Afrique du Sud.", "4. Suite à cette demande, contact a été pris de nouveau avec le représentant du Gouvernement sud-africain. Au nom du Groupe spécial, le Sous-Secrétaire général a adressé une demande, le 1er mars 1993. Il a par ailleurs entretenu de la question une délégation de parlementaires, avec lesquels il avait tenu des consultations à Genève et qui s'étaient déclarés disposés à faciliter la mission du Groupe spécial. Le 6 avril 1993, le Président a renouvelé, au nom du Groupe spécial, la demande faite par celui‑ci à l'effet d'être autorisé à se rendre en Afrique du Sud pour y évaluer la situation relative aux droits de l'homme. A l'issue de contacts officieux, le Représentant permanent du Gouvernement sud‑africain auprès de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève a indiqué que cette visite serait inopportune, la situation dans le pays étant très délicate. Le Groupe spécial regrette que le Gouvernement sud-africain n'ait jamais accédé aux demandes de la Commission tendant à ce qu'il autorise le Groupe spécial à se rendre dans le pays pour y évaluer la situation des droits de l'homme. Le Groupe spécial continue d'espérer que les autorités sud-africaines compétentes, déférant aux résolutions de la Commission, l'autoriseront à se rendre dans le pays avant la cinquantième session de la Commission.", "5. Afin de présenter à l'Assemblée générale et à la Commission des droits de l'homme les rapports qui lui sont demandés, le Groupe spécial a, comme les années précédentes, recueilli des dépositions ailleurs qu'en Afrique du Sud. C'est ainsi qu'il a tenu des auditions à Gaborone du 16 au 19 août 1993, et à Harare du 20 au 27 août 1993, afin de recueillir des informations et d'entendre des dépositions de particuliers et d'organisations ayant une connaissance directe de la situation en Afrique du Sud. Les informations et dépositions portaient sur les sujets suivants : situation à la suite de l'abrogation de certaines lois d'apartheid (notamment dans les domaines de la santé et de l'éducation), droit à la vie, détentions et décès survenus pendant les gardes à vue, cas de torture et de sévices, peine capitale et exécutions, administration de la justice, procès politiques, torture et mauvais traitements infligés aux enfants en détention, activités syndicales, négociations constitutionnelles et escalade de la violence et son cortège de décès.", "6. A Gaborone, le Groupe spécial a entendu les dépositions de représentants de l'African National Congress (ANC), de l'Independent Board of Inquiry et de l'Anti-Censorship Action Group et de particuliers.", "7. Le Groupe spécial a ensuite recueilli des informations à Harare de représentants de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme, de l'Association nationale des avocats démocrates, des Lawyers for Human Rights, de l'ANC, du Centre for Applied Legal Studies de l'Université du Witwatersrand, et de particuliers.", "8. A Genève, le Groupe spécial a entendu la déposition de représentants du Bureau international du Travail (BIT) au sujet de l'évolution récente du droit syndical et de la situation des travailleurs noirs en Afrique du Sud. Il évaluera dans le rapport final qu'il présentera à la Commission des droits de l'homme à sa cinquantième session le rapport spécial que le Directeur général de l'OIT a présenté à la Conférence internationale du Travail à sa quatre‑vingtième session sur l'application de la Déclaration concernant l'action contre l'apartheid en Afrique du Sud.", "9. Le Groupe spécial a entendu au total les dépositions de 15 témoins.", "10. Le présent rapport, qu'il convient de lire en conjonction avec le dernier rapport que le Groupe spécial a présenté à la Commission des droits de l'homme (E/CN.4/1993/14), analyse brièvement les principaux faits nouveaux intéressant les droits de l'homme en Afrique du Sud, survenus entre février et septembre 1993. Le Groupe spécial l'a adopté le 30 septembre 1993.", "II. DROIT A LA VIE", "A. Intensification de la violence", "11. Le Groupe spécial a noté que la situation eu égard à la violence avait été très encourageante dans les premiers mois de 1993, et que le nombre des morts et des blessés avait considérablement diminué. Mais les choses avaient commencé à changer et le nombre des morts à augmenter peu après l'ouverture des négociations constitutionnelles, surtout après que le Forum de négociations multipartite a fixé la date des élections au 27 avril 1993, en vue de la constitution du Conseil exécutif de transition. Il semble que la violence continue à s'intensifier. Selon des statistiques publiées par la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme, on a dénombré 554 morts pour le seul mois d'août 1993, ce qui en fait le troisième mois le plus meurtrier. On aurait dénombré en moyenne 18 décès par jour, soit plus du double de la moyenne enregistrée les trois années précédentes. Le représentant de la Commission sud‑africaine des droits de l'homme a informé le Groupe spécial que 2 000 personnes étaient tombées victimes d'actes de violence politique et autre durant les sept premiers mois de 1993, et qui avaient par ailleurs fait près de 3 000 blessés. Il a précisé que depuis août 1992, la violence qui s'était déplacée de la région de Pretoria, du Witwatersrand et du Vaal à la région du Natal, y avait resurgi ces derniers mois. Selon le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme, le bilan des décès enregistrés en juillet 1993 dans cette région correspondait à plus de la moitié des décès dénombrés dans l'ensemble du territoire national.", "Assassinat de Chris Hani", "12. La violence à motivation politique a culminé avec l'absurde assassinat en avril 1993 de Chris Hani, Secrétaire général du Parti communiste sud‑africain; cet assassinat était d'autant plus troublant qu'il est survenu alors que toutes les parties en présence consentaient d'énormes efforts pour parvenir à un règlement négocié sur un mécanisme constitutionnel qui permette à la majorité spoliée de la population sud‑africaine, d'établir un gouvernement démocratique multipartite. Lorsqu'on avance vers un consensus, il est inévitable que des réactions extrémistes se manifestent. En revanche, force est de constater qu'il existe une volonté sincère d'oeuvrer en faveur de la paix et de la réconciliation comme en témoigne le fait que c'est à l'intervention rapide d'une Blanche, voisine de M. Hani, que l'on doit d'avoir arrêté un suspect mis en cause dans cet assassinat. Selon le représentant des Lawyers for Human Rights, pendant la période de tension et d'instabilité qui s'ensuivit, c'est grâce aux mécanismes de l'Accord national de paix, ainsi qu'aux appels de dirigeants de tous les groupes, qu'il a été possible d'empêcher qu'il se produise des incidents violents au cours des cérémonies funéraires. Cela tenait en partie au fait que les comités créés en vertu de l'Accord national de paix, en prise directe sur la population à l'échelon local, peuvent favoriser et maintenir la paix, tâche cruciale face à la montée de la violence.", "B. Détention sans procès", "13. Cent dix‑sept personnes auraient été détenues sans procès en vertu de l'article 29 de l'Internal Security Act pendant les sept premiers mois de 1993. Quatre de ces personnes n'avaient toujours pas été libérées à la fin du mois de juillet 1993. Soixante‑quatorze personnes ont été écrouées en vertu de l'article 50 de la même loi, qui autorise 14 jours de détention préventive. En revanche, aucune détention n'a été enregistrée au cours de la même période en vertu de l'article 31 de cette loi. Par ailleurs, 21 personnes seraient toujours détenues en vertu des Unrest Areas Regulations.", "14. En vertu de lois analogues dans les prétendus \"homelands\", où elles n'ont pas été modifiées, 55 personnes ont été détenues dans le Bophuthatswana. Le Groupe spécial a noté que selon des renseignements émanant de la Commission sud‑africaine des droits de l'homme, aucun cas analogue n'avait été relevé au Transkei, au Ciskei ni au Venda.", "C. Décès survenus en cours de détention ou de garde à vue", "15. Selon le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme, on n'a enregistré aucun décès en cours de détention durant les sept premiers mois de 1993. Toutefois, durant la même période on a relevé 25 cas de décès en garde à vue. Le Groupe spécial a noté avec plaisir à ce propos la création en mars 1992 du Conseil de la police, en vertu de l'Accord national de paix. Le conseil qui devait être mis en place dans la région du Witwatersrand et du Vaal, était censé commencer ses activités avant la fin de 1993. Le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme a fait savoir en outre que des comités locaux devaient effectuer des visites inopinées dans les cellules de la police, et qu'avec l'accord de cette dernière, un groupe de civils serait autorisé, dans le cadre d'un programme de visites, à examiner ces cellules à toute heure du jour ou de la nuit pour s'entretenir avec tout prisonnier et à rendre compte de cette visite. Les postes de police locaux devraient tenir un registre où seraient consignées toutes informations sur les arrestations et le lieu de détention des personnes arrêtées. En outre, toutes ces informations seraient mises à la disposition des personnes directement concernées par lesdites arrestations.", "16. Le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme a évoqué plusieurs enquêtes ouvertes à la suite de décès en garde à vue, et des cas où, à la suite de ces enquêtes, des membres de la police sud‑africaine avaient été suspendus en attendant l'issue de l'instruction ou une décision du procureur général. Le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme a également porté à la connaissance du Groupe spécial des décisions prises par le procureur général d'engager des poursuites contre des policiers mis en cause dans des cas de décès en garde à vue.", "17. Selon le Bulletin d'Amnesty International de septembre 1993, le procureur général du Witwatersrand aurait déclaré, fait rare, son intention d'inculper un lieutenant de police du meurtre de Bethuel Maphumulo, tué en détention en 1990. Toujours d'après le Bulletin, cette décision faisait suite à la campagne que la famille Maphumulo mène depuis plus de deux ans avec des juristes et des défenseurs des droits de l'homme pour faire inculper le policier accusé du meurtre. L'affaire serait jugée par la Cour suprême.", "D. Procès politiques", "18. Selon des renseignements reçus par le Groupe spécial, des procès politiques continuent d'être organisés en vertu de l'Internal Security Act : 90 procès concernant 860 prévenus auraient eu lieu entre janvier et juin 1993. Sur ce nombre, 145 personnes ont été reconnues coupables, 211 acquittées, toutes les charges retenues contre 403 ont été retirées et 79 ont plaidé coupable et été condamnées à une amende. Vingt et une personnes s'étaient soustraites à la justice, et une personne avait obtenu l'immunité. Le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme a signalé en outre qu'à la fin de juillet 1993, 81 procès politiques concernant 827 prévenus suivaient leur cours.", "E. Prisonniers politiques", "19. Le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme a signalé que la Commission d'enquête mixte, créée en 1992 pour recenser les prisonniers politiques remplissant les conditions requises pour être libérés en tant que prisonniers politiques, détenait une liste de 49 personnes répondant aux critères voulus. La Commission avait déjà établi que 13 de celles‑ci, toujours incarcérées, se trouvaient dans ce cas et poursuivait l'examen de 17 autres cas. La Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme range les 19 personnes restantes dans la catégorie des prisonniers politiques, qui, à ce titre, devraient bénéficier de l'indemnité¹.", "F. Exécutions", "20. Le Groupe spécial a été informé qu'il n'y avait pas eu d'exécutions durant la période considérée, bien qu'il y ait 302 condamnés en attente d'exécution, dont 29 condamnés à mort pour crimes au cours de l'année 1993.", "III. BANTOUSTANS", "21. Comme le Groupe spécial l'a déjà été signalé à plusieurs reprises, et selon des informations récentes émanant d'Africa Watch, l'apartheid dans sa conception originelle visait, et le Groupe spécial tient à le rappeler, à dépouiller tous les ressortissants noirs d'Afrique du Sud de leur nationalité sud-africaine, pour leur conférer en échange la nationalité des prétendus \"Etats indépendants\" situés à l'intérieur des frontières sud-africaines. En fait, si tous les grands groupes ethniques d'origine purement africaine d'Afrique du Sud ont fini par être répartis entre les différents homelands, le système n'a jamais été complètement mis en place. Bien des Africains ont continué à vivre, légalement ou non, dans des zones officiellement réservées exclusivement aux Blancs; en outre, quatre des homelands seulement (le Transkei, le Bophuthatswana, le Venda et le Ciskei, dits \"Etats TBVC\") sont devenus indépendants en théorie. Les six autres sont considérés comme \"territoires autonomes\" et la loi sud‑africaine ne leur reconnaît aucune souveraineté, bien qu'ils disposent en principe d'une autonomie législative et exécutive assez étendue. Dans la pratique, les habitants des Etats TBVC indépendants en théorie et des \"territoires autonomes\" ne voient guère de différences entre eux. Le Gouvernement sud-africain a abrogé en 1991 les principales lois instituant l'apartheid en Afrique du Sud à l'extérieur des homelands, encore que les lois créant ces derniers demeurent en vigueur.", "22. La réintégration des \"homelands\" à la République d'Afrique du Sud est l'une des questions les plus controversées des négociations multilatérales sur la transition vers le gouvernement par la majorité, entamées en 1990. Pour le Gouvernement sud-africain, la réintégration de certains de ces territoires est subordonnée à l'accord des gouvernements concernés, car il y voit des Etats souverains. S'agissant des territoires autonomes, le Gouvernement sud-africain a promulgué en 1993 des lois prévoyant la révocation de la compétence dévolue aux six homelands \"non indépendants\". Mais cette faculté ne sera exercée qu'avec \"le consentement ou à la demande du gouvernement du territoire autonome concerné\".", "23. En août 1992, on a appris que le Gouvernement sud-africain envisageait de placer 1,2 million d'hectares supplémentaires de terres sous le contrôle des territoires autonomes du KwaZulu, du QwaQwa et du Lebowa². D'autres terres seraient en outre offertes au KaNgwane, au KwaNdebele et au Gazankulu. Selon le Gouvernement lui-même, plus de la moitié de ces terres sont déjà mises en valeur et occupées à titre permanent. Environ 600 000 hectares de ces terres devaient revenir au KwaZulu. Selon certaines informations, le Gouvernement aurait refusé de divulguer l'emplacement exact des terres en question, qui n'a été révélé au public qu'après que l'Association pour le progrès rural (AFRA), organisation non gouvernementale qui s'occupe de questions foncières et de développement, a effectué des recherches sur la question. Les terres visées se trouvent en divers endroits dans le Natal et comprennent des villages qui s'étaient opposés précédemment à l'intégration au homeland. Le projet de transfert de ces terres a immédiatement suscité des protestations d'organisations très diverses, dont l'ANC, ainsi que de groupes de défense des droits de l'homme et de développement. Un communiqué de presse commun, condamnant la proposition du Gouvernement, a été publié par l'AFRA, le Black Sash, le Centre d'enseignement des adultes de l'Université du Natal (Pietermaritzburg), le Five Freedoms Forum, la Commission sud‑africaine des droits de l'homme, les Lawyers for Human Rights, le Legal Ressources Centre, le Natal Midlands Rural Development Network Executive, la Pietermaritzburg Association for Christian Social Action, et la South African Catholic Bishops Conference.", "24. Les terres que le Gouvernement voulait transférer au homeland étaient précédemment aux mains du South African Development Trust (SADT), organe créé par la Development Trust and Land Act de 1936 pour gérer des terres destinées à être transférées aux homelands. La Development Trust and Land Act ayant été abrogée par l'Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act de 1991, le SADT a été dissout le 1er avril 1992. Les terres qu'il détenait ont été transférées au Ministère du territoire et des affaires régionales (précédemment Ministère de l'aide au développement), dont relèvent les territoires autonomes; ce sont là les terres qui seraient maintenant placées sous le contrôle des homelands. Si les détails de ce transfert demeurent obscurs, le Vice-Ministre du territoire, M. Johan Scheepers, a déclaré que les terres à transférer continueraient à faire partie de l'Afrique du Sud et à être soumises à la loi de ce pays, mais que les services y seraient assurés en association. On n'a pas donné d'autres précisions sur ce que cette administration en association recouvrait exactement. Selon des renseignements reçus à propos d'autres cas où des terres ont continué à faire partie en principe de l'Afrique du Sud, tout en étant administrées par un homeland, il ne s'est dégagé dans la pratique aucune différence par rapport à une mutation de propriété pure et simple.", "25. Dans son Livre blanc sur la réforme agraire de 1991, le Gouvernement sud‑africain a reconnu que rien n'autorisait à intégrer de nouvelles terres aux homelands. Au cours des négociations multilatérales de 1992, toutes les parties ont convenu, y compris les gouvernements des territoires autonomes, d'un moratoire sur toutes nouvelles mutations de terres. Néanmoins, le Gouvernement a jugé ces nouvelles mutations \"conformes aux principes et directives énoncés dans le Livre blanc du Gouvernement sur la réforme agraire\", au motif qu'il ne s'agissait pas de transférer entièrement la propriété de ces terres aux homelands. Le transfert du contrôle administratif représentait un compromis, accepté parce que \"les six territoires avaient exercé des pressions croissantes sur le Gouvernement pour l'amener à honorer ses promesses anciennes à cet égard\".", "26. Les Gouvernements du Lebowa et du QwaQwa ont accepté le transfert sous contrôle administratif conjoint proposé par le Gouvernement, le gouvernement du KwaZulu revendiquant quant à lui un transfert plénier d'autorité sur les terres à son profit.", "27. Le 1er février 1993, le Vice-Ministre du territoire, M. Johan Scheepers, aurait déclaré que le Gouvernement n'entendait pas imposer de moratoire sur la mutation des terres. En juin 1993, le Gouvernement promulgait deux lois (Regulation of Joint Executive Action Regarding Certain Land Act 109/1993, et Joint Administration of Certain Matters Act 99/1993), habilitant le Président de l'Etat à donner effet aux accords conclus en vue de l'administration conjointe des terres situées hors des limites des territoires autonomes. En août 1993, l'Afrique du Sud et le KwaZulu ont annoncé qu'ils étaient parvenus à un compromis sur les terres attribuées au KwaZulu. On procéderait au transfert, mais le KwaZulu n'exercerait pas une autorité plénière sur ces terres, l'Afrique du Sud gardant le contrôle du maintien de l'ordre et de l'enseignement et les autres services étant administrés en association. Deux régions névralgiques, Clermont (township aux portes de Durban, qui s'est longuement et farouchement opposé précédemment à l'intégration) et Edendale (zone proche de Pietermaritzburg qui a été le théâtre de violences horribles), seraient exclues de l'opération. Selon les renseignements dont on dispose, aucune terre n'a encore été transférée en vertu de cet accord.", "28. Le Groupe spécial a été informé que la question des homelands n'avait jamais été évoquée ou débattue comme il se devait pendant la phase initiale des négociations constitutionnelles.", "IV. LIBERTE DE LA PRESSE", "29. La représentante du Groupe d'action contre la censure a informé le Groupe spécial d'experts qu'il y avait eu une recrudescence d'agressions contre des journalistes et des membres de la presse. Elle a évoqué les faits survenus au cours des réunions et manifestations organisées à la mémoire de Chris Hani, ainsi que des agressions contre des journalistes qui tentaient, en d'autres occasions, de faire des reportages photographiques et autres sur des foules se livrant au pillage et mettant le feu partout. Elle a parlé d'une attaque contre un opérateur de prises de vues et un journaliste de la South African Broadcasting Corporation, le 23 avril 1993, qui avait causé la mort de ce dernier. Face à la multiplication de faits de cet ordre, l'Union sud‑africaine des journalistes avait adopté, à son congrès annuel, une résolution tendant à instituer, de concert avec les principaux partis politiques, des mécanismes permanents pour discuter des agressions visant des journalistes.", "30. Le Groupe spécial d'experts a relevé que, d'après les éléments d'information reçus à la suite d'allégations faisant état de reportages irresponsables, la Commission Goldstone avait demandé au Conseil de la presse d'enquêter sur la responsabilité des médias dans l'escalade actuelle de la violence, particulièrement en ce qui concerne des incidents tels que ceux qui étaient survenus au cours d'une manifestation à Thokoza qui s'étaient soldés par la mort de 13 personnes.", "31. Des propositions tendant à réorganiser la South African Broadcasting Corporation sont à l'étude.", "V. ENSEIGNEMENT", "32. Au cours de son témoignage, la représentante du Comité national pour les droits de l'enfant a évoqué tous les changements encourageants survenus, en particulier l'adoption de l'Interim Measure of Local Government Act (Mesure provisoire de la loi relative à l'administration locale), de 1991, qui vise à permettre aux comités locaux de négocier leurs propres modèles d'administration locale non raciale, en attendant la mise au point de la Constitution. Elle a aussi parlé du Child Care Amendment Act (loi portant amendement des dispositions relatives aux soins infantiles), de 1991, qui vise à permettre l'adoption d'enfants sans considération de race. Elle a mentionné aussi l'Education Affairs Amendment Act (loi portant amendement de la loi relative à l'enseignement), de 1992, qui tendait à ouvrir les portes des établissements d'enseignement aux élèves d'autres races, ainsi que la mise en train de mesures de déségrégation des hôpitaux et des mesures visant à éliminer la discrimination raciale dans l'attribution des pensions. Elle a dit que, malgré ces changements juridiques, la situation dans les domaines de la santé, de l'éducation, de la sécurité sociale, etc., ne s'était pas encore améliorée en raison des difficultés dues à l'insuffisance de l'offre, aux coûts élevés et aux obstacles qui freinent l'accès à ces services.", "33. En outre, elle a précisé que l'on avait dénombré, en 1991, 17 585 922 jeunes de moins de 19 ans. La même année, les enfants de moins de 5 ans représentaient 36 % de toute la population sud‑africaine mais 7 % d'entre eux seulement avaient accès à un enseignement et à des soins préscolaires. La National Education Policy Investigation on Early Childhood Educare (enquête sur la politique nationale de l'enseignement concernant les soins et l'éducation pour les jeunes enfants) avait montré qu'il fallait coordonner les programmes d'enseignement, de soins de santé primaires, de sécurité sociale, de logement et de développement pour répondre de façon globale aux besoins des enfants. Elle avait souligné aussi qu'il fallait concilier la nécessité pour les familles et les communautés de participer effectivement à la fourniture de services d'enseignement et de soins et la nécessité de promouvoir l'unité nationale et de répartir les ressources de façon à remédier aux inégalités dues à l'apartheid par le biais d'un plan de développement global. Le système d'enseignement sud‑africain était particulièrement inéquitable en ce qui concerne l'éducation et les soins ainsi que l'enseignement primaire de base, ce qui perpétuait l'inégalité des résultats. Dans le même ordre d'idées, la différenciation entre les installations d'enseignement héritées du système de l'apartheid subsistait et aucun crédit n'était prévu pour les enfants africains d'âge préscolaire. Cette pratique était due à la façon discriminatoire dont était calculé le budget de l'éducation qui maintenait en état la structure de l'apartheid. Le témoin a souligné qu'il fallait aller au‑delà des simples changements législatifs et trouver une solution négociée en s'engageant à promouvoir une culture fondée sur l'apprentissage et l'enseignement, qui avait été détruite. En raison de la violence, la fréquentation scolaire était extrêmement dangereuse dans les zones touchées et les enfants africains qui arrivaient à aller à l'école consacraient peu de temps à l'enseignement institutionnalisé.", "34. La représentante a ajouté qu'en raison des structures de l'apartheid, qui prévoyaient des systèmes séparés d'éducation discriminatoire fondés sur la race, il n'existait pas d'enseignement obligatoire aux niveaux primaire et secondaire pour tous les enfants africains et que l'enseignement dépendait des différentes instances administratives qui avaient chacune leurs propres lois. Elle a mentionné une mesure récemment adoptée par le Gouvernement pour rendre la scolarisation obligatoire pendant au moins 9 ans; cette éducation serait prise en charge principalement par l'Etat. La National Education Policy Investigation (Enquête nationale sur la politique de l'enseignement), de 1992, et l'ANC, entre autres, avaient présenté diverses propositions pour restructurer, par une transition en plusieurs phases, le système existant actuellement géré par 19 entités administratives différentes. Selon le témoin, instituer la scolarisation obligatoire au niveau du primaire et du premier cycle du secondaire exigerait 125 617 enseignants et 11 044 salles de classe supplémentaires, ce qui représenterait un coût total de plus de 2 milliards de rand. Pour instituer l'enseignement obligatoire dans les établissements scolaires relevant du Ministère de l'éducation et des homelands, il faudrait 18 059 enseignants de plus. En raison du lien naturel avec les programmes de développement de la petite enfance, il est incontestable qu'en ouvrant davantage les portes de l'enseignement primaire, on permettrait à un plus grand nombre d'élèves de faire des études plus poussées. Dans ce contexte, la représentante a dit qu'il était nécessaire d'appuyer le Conseil exécutif de transition et d'encourager celui‑ci à oeuvrer en étroite collaboration avec les structures démocratiques afin de trouver des solutions acceptables.", "VI. DROITS SYNDICAUX", "35. Il a été signalé que les changements politiques qui ont conduit à la création du Transitional Educative Council (Conseil transitoire de l'éducation) avaient eu un net impact sur les droits syndicaux et la législation du travail en Afrique du Sud. Plusieurs organes liés aux organismes syndicaux avaient modifié leur composition dans un sens multiracial. La National Manpower Commission (Commission nationale de la main‑d'oeuvre) était maintenant un organe tripartite et multiracial. Bien que les emplois d'échelon supérieur ne soient plus réservés aux Blancs, la situation des travailleurs noirs n'avait pas changé, ceux‑ci n'ayant pas encore accès à la formation nécessaire.", "36. La Public Service Act (loi relative à la fonction publique) de 1993 avait été adoptée en mai 1993. Cependant, ce fait positif ne s'était pas encore traduit par une amélioration de la situation des employés de maison ni de celle des travailleurs agricoles estimés à 1 million de personnes. Il a été indiqué que deux projets de loi concernant le personnel de maison et les travailleurs agricoles étaient encore à l'étude devant le Parlement.", "37. Selon les renseignements communiqués, de nombreuses armes étaient détenues par la population civile et, en particulier, dans le cadre du plan gouvernemental de subventions de l'Etat, les exploitants agricoles blancs étaient armés jusqu'aux dents, ce qui risquerait de compliquer encore les rapports entre les exploitants agricoles et leurs employés. Les employeurs et les salariés ne participaient pas en tant que tels aux négociations constitutionnelles, ce qui risquait de nuire aux droits des travailleurs.", "38. Les travailleurs agricoles dépendaient entièrement du propriétaire de l'exploitation pour ce qui était du logement familial, et, parfois, de la scolarité des enfants. Cette situation risquait fort d'empêcher les travailleurs agricoles de s'organiser.", "VII. NEGOCIATIONS CONSTITUTIONNELLES", "39. Au début de septembre, les négociations multilatérales ont abouti à un accord sur la formation d'un conseil exécutif de transition que le Parlement sud‑africain a approuvé le 23 septembre 1993. Le lendemain, M. Nelson Mandela a pris la parole devant l'Assemblée générale pour demander la levée des sanctions économiques contre l'Afrique du Sud.", "VIII. CONCLUSIONS ET RECOMMANDATIONS", "A. Conclusions", "40. Le Groupe spécial d'experts regrette que le Gouvernement sud‑africain ne l'ait pas autorisé à se rendre dans le pays pour évaluer la situation des droits de l'homme en Afrique du Sud, conformément à la résolution 1993/9 de la Commission des droits de l'homme.", "41. Le droit à la vie continue d'être violé impunément. Au cours du seul mois d'août 1993, on a enregistré 554 décès dus à la violence dans le pays. Au cours des sept premiers mois de 1993, 2 000 personnes ont été tuées, victimes des violences politiques. A ce propos, il est clair que les forces de sécurité sont, directement ou indirectement, impliquées.", "42. L'alourdissement du bilan des tués au lendemain de la décision d'organiser des élections à l'Assemblée constituante en avril 1994 laisse penser qu'il s'agit d'une action délibérée de la part de certains milieux de droite qui veulent faire pièce au processus démocratique.", "43. La violence endémique est une constante de la crise en Afrique du Sud. Selon les différents témoignages entendus par le Groupe spécial d'experts, elle est principalement due aux rivalités politiques et à la prétendue \"troisième force\", termes par lesquels on désigne clairement la police et les forces de sécurité. Il est évident que s'il n'est pas mis fin à l'escalade de la violence et si la police n'exerce pas une activité préventive ou des interventions plus rapides et plus efficaces, les chances d'aboutir à une solution pacifique et démocratique à la crise politique et de démanteler l'apartheid s'en trouveront inévitablement réduites.", "44. Les détentions sans jugement en application des articles 29 et 50 de l'Internal Security Act (loi relative à la sécurité intérieure) et de l'Unrest Areas Regulations (Réglementation concernant les zones de troubles) sont autant de violations des libertés individuelles en Afrique du Sud, et il faut y mettre un terme. Le Groupe spécial d'experts s'inquiète aussi des détentions sans jugement dans les prétendus \"homelands\", particulièrement au Bophuthatswana.", "45. Au cours des sept premiers mois de 1993, on a signalé 25 décès lors de la garde à vue. Le Groupe spécial d'experts s'inquiète de ce que des décès continuent de se produire en Afrique du Sud pendant la garde à vue. Il invite instamment le Gouvernement sud‑africain à veiller à ce que toutes les mesures nécessaires soient prises pour mettre un terme à cette violation caractérisée du droit à la vie; à ce propos, il espère que le Police Board (Conseil de la police), qui pourrait commencer à siéger d'ici à la fin de 1993, aura un rôle positif à jouer.", "46. Le système des homelands, largement condamné par la communauté internationale, reste en vigueur malgré l'abrogation des principales lois ségrégationnistes sur l'apartheid en 1991. Les mesures prises récemment pour attribuer de nouvelles terres aux prétendus \"territoires autonomes\" laissent penser que le Gouvernement sud‑africain a toujours l'intention de perpétuer le système des bantoustans. Il est aussi curieux que la loi de 1993, qui prévoit l'abolition éventuelle des homelands, soit subordonnée au consentement ou à la demande du gouvernement du territoire autonome concerné.", "47. Le Groupe spécial d'experts estime que toute la question de la liberté de la presse ainsi que celle de l'exercice responsable de la fonction de journaliste méritent une attention soutenue. Une évaluation objective des choses et le droit du public à être informé sont des questions d'autant plus importantes que des propositions concernant la liberté d'expression sont à l'étude.", "48. Le Groupe spécial d'experts relève que plusieurs facteurs sont à l'origine des tentatives visant à limiter la liberté de la presse par la violence. A présent que l'on débat des principes fondamentaux à l'occasion des négociations constitutionnelles, il convient d'accorder à la liberté d'expression toute l'attention qu'elle mérite.", "49. L'Afrique du Sud comptait en 1991 17 585 922 enfants. L'enseignement n'est pas obligatoire pour les enfants noirs. Les enfants sont traités différemment selon la race à laquelle ils appartiennent et chaque race relève d'une entité administrative distincte.", "50. Tout en se félicitant des mesures déjà prises pour faire adopter des réformes concernant les droits des travailleurs agricoles, des employés de maison et des fonctionnaires, le Groupe spécial d'experts relève avec inquiétude que ces mesures ne sont pas suffisamment conformes aux normes internationales du travail applicables aux partenaires à des arrangements tripartites partout dans le monde.", "51. Le climat politique s'est nettement amélioré après la conclusion d'un accord à la conférence multipartite sur la création d'un conseil exécutif de transition et d'un accord précédent fixant la date des élections au 27 avril 1994.", "52. Dans ce contexte, le Groupe spécial d'experts considère la levée des sanctions commerciales et économiques contre l'Afrique du Sud mesure proposée par M. Nelson Mandela comme une étape importante dans le processus de réintégration du pays dans la communauté internationale.", "53. Cependant, l'hostilité des Blancs d'extrême droite et des autorités locales dans les trois bantoustans de KwaZulu, Bophuthatswana et Ciskei, le comportement discriminatoire des forces de sécurité en Afrique du Sud et le regain de violence dans tout le pays risquent de menacer le bon fonctionnement du Conseil exécutif de transition, la tenue prochaine des élections et la réintégration de l'Afrique du Sud dans la communauté internationale.", "54. Le fait que les autorités sud‑africaines n'assurent pas la protection, sur le même pied d'égalité, de tous les citoyens conduit les particuliers à accumuler tout un arsenal pour assurer leur propre défense.", "B. Recommandations", "55. Les institutions publiques, en particulier la police et les forces de défense sud‑africaines, devraient se montrer plus déterminées à indiquer la violence et à garantir la sécurité de tous sans discrimination. Il faudrait enquêter sur les allégations selon lesquelles certains éléments de la police et des forces armées trahiraient leurs sympathies pour l'extrême droite dans l'exercice de leurs fonctions, et limoger sur le champ ceux qui seraient convaincus d'un tel comportement.", "56. Il faudrait chercher à familiariser les membres des forces de sécurité avec les normes internationales applicables en organisant des stages de recyclage à leur intention.", "57. Le Groupe spécial d'experts recommande que soient abolis les articles 29 et 50 de la loi relative à la sécurité interne ainsi que d'autres réglementations répressives qui subsistent et que soient en même temps abrogées les réglementations comparables applicables dans les homelands.", "58. Il faudrait proclamer une amnistie générale en faveur de tous les condamnés à mort pour activités anti-apartheid pouvant être considérées comme politiquement motivées.", "59. Il est recommandé d'abolir immédiatement la peine de mort et de la commuer dans le cas de tous les condamnés à mort.", "60. Le système des bantoustans, créé unilatéralement par le Gouvernement sud‑africain sans consultation des territoires concernés, devrait être aboli rapidement sans qu'il soit nécessaire de recevoir une requête dans ce sens des homelands nominalement indépendants ou des territoires autonomes ou d'obtenir leur consentement.", "61. Le Groupe espère que la liberté d'expression sera considérée par toutes les parties aux négociations comme l'un des droits fondamentaux de la personne.", "62. Tout en se félicitant de la récente mesure tendant à créer un système d'enseignement obligatoire de neuf ans, le Groupe spécial d'experts a estimé que le Gouvernement sud‑africain devrait agir diligemment et résolument pour fournir les ressources humaines et matérielles nécessaires. A cet égard, la communauté internationale devrait également apporter son concours.", "63. Il est recommandé au Gouvernement sud‑africain de demander à l'OIT avis et conseils sur les réformes à adopter pour se conformer aux normes internationales du travail.", "64. Toute constitution provisoire devrait consacrer toutes les normes internationales reconnues dans le domaine des droits de l'homme.", "65. Le Gouvernement se doit de garantir la sécurité de tous sans discrimination et, dans cette optique, devrait prendre des mesures résolues pour se faire remettre toutes les armes actuellement détenues par des particuliers.", "Notes", "¹ E/CN.4/1993/14, par. 133 à 138, p. 32 et 33.", "² Voir E/CN.4/1993/14, par. 164 à 170.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/525", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (c)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATIONS AND REPORTS", "OF SPECIAL RAPPORTEURS AND REPRESENTATIVES", "Situation of human rights in South Africa", "Note by the Secretary-General", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly the preliminary report on the situation of human rights in South Africa prepared by the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on southern Africa of the Commission on Human Rights in accordance with Commission resolution 1993/9 of 26 February 1993 and Economic and Social Council decision 1993/257 of 28 July 1993.", "93-57188 (E) 121193 /...", "ANNEX", "CONTENTS", "Paragraphs Page", "I. INTRODUCTION ......................................... 1 - 10 3", "II. RIGHT TO LIFE ....................................... 11 - 20 4", "A. Escalation of violence ........................... 11 - 12 4", "B. Detention without trial .......................... 13 - 14 5", "C. Death in detention and police custody ............ 15 - 17 5", "D. Political trials ................................. 18 6", "E. Political prisoners .............................. 19 6", "F. Executions ....................................... 20 7", "III. BANTUSTANS ........................................... 21 - 28 7", "IV. FREEDOM OF THE PRESS ................................. 29 - 31 9", "V. EDUCATION ............................................ 32 - 34 9", "VI. TRADE UNION RIGHTS ................................... 35 - 38 11", "VII. CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS ......................... 39 11", "VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................... 40 - 65 11", "A. Conclusions ...................................... 40 - 54 11", "B. Recommendations .................................. 55 - 65 13", "I. INTRODUCTION", "1. The Commission on Human Rights, at its forty-ninth session, adopted resolution 1993/9 of 26 February 1993, in which it decided to renew for a further period of two years the mandate of the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on southern Africa, established pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 2 (XXIII) of 6 March 1967. In resolution 1993/9 the Commission requested the Working Group, inter alia, to continue to examine the situation regarding the violations of human rights in South Africa and to submit an interim and a final report to the Commission at its fiftieth and fifty-first sessions, respectively, and preliminary reports to the General Assembly at its forty-eighth and forty-ninth sessions.", "2. The Working Group is currently composed of the following six members, serving in their personal capacity and appointed by the Commission on Human Rights: Mr. Mikuin Leliel Balanda (Zaire), Chairman/Rapporteur; Mr. Felix Ermacora (Austria), Vice-Chairman; Mr. Armando Entralgo (Cuba); Mr. Elly-Elikunda Mtango (United Republic of Tanzania); Mr. Zoran Paji_ (Bosnia and Herzegovina); and Mr. Mulka Govinda Reddy (India).", "3. The Commission on Human Rights, at its forty-ninth session, in accordance with resolution 1993/9, requested the Government of South Africa to allow the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts to visit that country to gather information from concerned individuals and organizations in order to ascertain the situation of human rights in South Africa.", "4. In pursuance of that request, once again, the representative of the Government of South Africa was approached. The Assistant Secretary-General, on behalf of the Working Group, addressed a request on 1 March 1993. A delegation of Members of Parliament, who had had consultations with the Assistant Secretary-General at Geneva and had expressed their interest in facilitating a visit by the Working Group, was also approached by him. On 6 April 1993, the Chairman of the Working Group further renewed the request on behalf of the Group for a visit to South Africa in order to ascertain the situation of human rights in that country. Further informal contacts resulted in an indication from the Permanent Representative of the Government of South Africa to the United Nations Office at Geneva that the visit was not considered advisable given the present delicate situation in the country. The Working Group regrets the consistent failure of the Government of South Africa to respect the requests of the Commission to facilitate the Group's visit in order to evaluate the prevailing situation of human rights. The Group continues to hope that the competent authorities in South Africa will concede to the resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights and allow a visit before the fiftieth session of the Commission.", "5. In order to fulfil their reporting responsibilities to the General Assembly and the Human Rights Commission, the Working Group, in keeping with past practice, heard testimonies outside South Africa. The Group conducted hearings at Gaborone from 16 to 19 August 1993 and at Harare from 20 to 27 August 1993 for the purpose of receiving evidence and hearing testimony from individuals and organizations having first-hand experience with the situation in South Africa. The topics on which the Working Group received evidence and heard testimony were the following: conditions after the repeal of certain apartheid legislation (including health and education), right to life, detention and deaths in police custody, cases of torture and ill-treatment, capital punishment and executions, administration of justice, political trials, detention, torture and ill-treatment of children, trade union activities, constitutional negotiations and the situation regarding the escalating violence resulting in deaths.", "6. During the course of meetings held at Gaborone, testimony was heard from representatives of the African National Congress (ANC), the Independent Board of Inquiry and the Anti-Censorship Action Group. Testimony was also given by concerned individuals.", "7. The Working Group gathered further evidence at Harare from representatives of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, the National Association of Democratic Lawyers, Lawyers for Human Rights, the ANC, the Centre for Applied Legal Studies of the University of Witwatersrand and concerned individuals.", "8. The Working Group received testimony at Geneva from representatives of the International Labour Office (ILO) regarding the recent development with respect to trade union law and the situation of Black workers in South Africa. The special report of the Director‑General of ILO to the eightieth session of the International Labour Conference on the application of the Declaration concerning Action Against Apartheid in South Africa will be evaluated by the Working Group in its final report to the Commission on Human Rights at its fiftieth session.", "9. The Working Group heard testimony from a total of 15 witnesses.", "10. The present report, which should be read in conjunction with the Working Group's latest report to the Commission on Human Rights (E/CN.4/1993/14), is a brief evaluation of the principal developments of the human rights situation in South Africa between February and September 1993. It was adopted by the Working Group on 30 September 1993.", "II. RIGHT TO LIFE", "A. Escalation of violence", "11. The Working Group noted that the situation regarding violence appeared to be very encouraging in the initial months of 1993 and that deaths and injuries had diminished considerably. However, the situation began to change soon after constitutional negotiations began and the death-toll rose, especially after the Multiparty Negotiating Forum decided that elections would take place on 27 April 1993, leading to the formation of the Transitional Executive Committee. It would appear that violence continues to escalate. According to statistics published by the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, 554 deaths were recorded in August 1993 alone, the third highest figure recorded. It was reported that the average daily death rate came to 18, which was more than double the average death rate for the previous three years. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa informed the Working Group that 2,000 people had been killed in political and other violence during the first seven months of 1993 and close to 3,000 had been injured. The witness said that since August 1992 the violence had shifted from the Pretoria/Witwatersrand/Vaal area to the Natal region. In recent months, however, the violence returned to the former area. According to the information submitted by the representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, the deaths in that area during July 1993 accounted for more than half the national death toll.", "Assassination of Chris Hani", "12. Politically motivated violence achieved its peak in the senseless assassination of Chris Hani, the Secretary-General of the South African Communist Party, in April 1993, the most disturbing event at a time when such strenuous efforts had been undertaken by all parties concerned to reach a negotiated settlement for a constitutional framework that would allow the deprived majority of South Africa to establish a multiparty democratic government. As progress is made towards a consensus, extremist reactions are inevitable from some quarters. On the other hand, it must be noted that there appears to be a genuine attempt to work towards peace and reconciliation evidenced by the fact that a White woman, a neighbour of Mr. Hani, was instrumental in the arrest of a suspect in his murder thanks to her speedy intervention. According to the representative of Lawyers for Human Rights, during the tense and volatile situations that followed, it was through the structures of the National Peace Accord, as well as appeals from the leaders of all groups, that violent incidents were prevented during the funeral ceremonies. This was due in part to the fact that the National Peace Accord committees are in a position to establish contact at the local level as well as undertake the task of facilitating and maintaining peace, a role that is vital, in the face of the increasing violence.", "B. Detention without trial", "13. It was reported that 117 people had been detained during the first seven months of 1993 under section 29 of the Internal Security Act. Four of them were still in detention at the end of July 1993. Under section 50 of the Act, which allows for 14 days' preventive detention, 74 detentions were recorded. On the other hand, no detentions were recorded during that period under section 31 of the Act. It was further reported that 21 people were still being held under the Unrest Areas Regulations.", "14. Under equivalent legislation in the so-called \"homelands\", which remains unchanged, 55 detentions were recorded in Bophuthatswana. The Working Group noted that according to information received from the Human Rights Commission of South Africa no such detentions were recorded in Transkei, Ciskei and Venda.", "C. Death in detention and police custody", "15. According to the representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, no deaths in detention were recorded during the first seven months of 1993. However, during the same period, 25 deaths while in police custody were recorded. In this connection, the Working Group was pleased to note the reported establishment in March 1992 under the National Peace Accord of the Police Board. It was reported that the Board was to be launched in the Witwatersrand/Vaal area and was expected to be operational by the end of 1993. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa further reported that local committees were to conduct announced spot checks on police cells and that, with the agreement of the police, under a \"visitors' programme\", a panel of civilians would be allowed to examine police cells at any time during the day or night in order to interview any prisoner and subsequently report on the visit. A police register, to be kept at local police stations, was to be established in order to keep a record of those arrested as well as details of the place where they were being detained. Furthermore, all this information was to be made available to those directly concerned and affected by the arrests.", "16. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa referred to several inquests into deaths in police custody and referred to cases where, subsequent to the inquiries, members of the South African Police were suspended from duty, pending investigations or a decision by the Attorney-General. Decisions by the Attorney-General to prosecute policemen involved in deaths of persons while in police custody were also brought to the attention of the Working Group by the representative of Human Rights Commission of South Africa.", "17. It was reported in the Amnesty International Newsletter of September 1993 that, in a rare move, the Attorney-General from Witwatersrand had announced in July that a police lieutenant was to be charged with the murder of Bethuel Maphumulo, who was killed while in custody in 1990. The decision to prosecute, it was further reported, came in the wake of a campaign by the Maphumulo family, lawyers and human rights activists, who had struggled for more than two years to convince the authorities to bring charges against the police officer accused of responsibility for the killing. It was reported that the case was scheduled to be heard by the Supreme Court.", "D. Political trials", "18. According to information received by the Working Group, political trials continue under the Internal Security Act: during the period from January to June 1993, it was reported that 90 trials had been completed involving 860 accused. Of those accused persons, 145 were convicted, 211 acquitted, 403 had all charges against them withdrawn and 79 pleaded guilty and were fined. Twenty-one of them absconded and one was granted indemnity. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa further reported that at the end of July 1993 81 political trials were in progress involving 827 accused.", "E. Political prisoners", "19. It was reported by the representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa that the Joint Scrutiny Committee set up in 1992 for the purposes of identifying political prisoners who qualify for release as political prisoners had the names of 49 persons categorized as prisoners who qualified for release. The Committee had already assessed 13 of them who were still in prison as political prisoners and 17 were still under review. The Human Rights Commission of South Africa lists the remaining 19 as political prisoners and therefore entitled to be considered for indemnity. 1/", "F. Executions", "20. The Working Group was informed that no executions had taken place during the period under consideration, although 302 people were known to be on death row and 29 of them were sentenced to death during the course of 1993 in relation to criminal offenses.", "III. BANTUSTANS", "21. As previously reported on several occasions by the Working Group and according to recent information received from Africa Watch, the Working Group once again emphasizes that under apartheid as originally conceived, all Black South Africans were to lose their South African citizenship and instead become citizens of the so-called \"independent States\" within South Africa's borders. Although all substantial ethnic groups of purely African origin in South Africa were eventually allocated to a particular homeland, the system was never entirely implemented. Many Africans continued to live - legally or illegally - in areas officially designated for Whites only; moreover, only four of the homelands (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei, \"the TBVC States\") ever became nominally independent. The remaining six are known as \"self-governing territories\" and do not have sovereign status within South African law though they do theoretically have a large measure of legislative and executive autonomy. In practice, there has been little difference for their inhabitants between the nominally independent TBVC States and the \"self-governing territories\". Although the Government of South Africa in 1991 repealed the major legislation implementing apartheid within South Africa outside the homelands, the statutes setting up the homelands remain in force.", "22. The reincorporation of the so-called \"homelands\" into the Republic of South Africa has been one of the most contentious points at the multilateral negotiations for a transition to majority rule, which began in 1990. The Government of South African has argued that the reincorporation of some of the \"homelands\" requires the consent of the Governments concerned, because it treats them as sovereign States. In the case of the self-governing territories, the Government of South Africa passed legislation in 1993 that makes provision for the jurisdiction granted to the six \"non-independent\" homelands to be revoked. Nevertheless, this power is to be exercised only \"with the consent or at the request of the Government of the self-governing territory concerned\".", "23. In August 1992, it was reported that the Government of South Africa was planning to give control of an additional 1.2 million hectares of land to the self-governing territories of KwaZulu, QwaQwa and Lebowa. 2/ Further land would also be offered to KaNgwane, KwaNdebele and Gazankulu. According to the Government's own analysis, more than half of this land is already developed and occupied on a permanent basis. Approximately 600,000 hectares of the land was designated for transfer to KwaZulu. According to information received, the Government refused to release details of the exact location of the land affected, which was only publicized after research at the Deeds Office by the Association for Rural Advancement (AFRA), a non-governmental organization involved in development and land issues. The areas affected are spread throughout Natal and include communities that previously opposed incorporation into the homeland. There was an immediate outcry at the transfer proposals from a wide variety of organizations, including the ANC, as well as human rights and development groups. (A joint press release condemning the Government's proposal was released by AFRA, the Black Sash, the Centre for Adult Education of the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Five Freedoms Forum, the Human Rights Commission, Lawyers for Human Rights, the Legal Resources Centre, the Natal Midlands Rural Development Network Executive, the Pietermaritzburg Association for Christian Social Action and the South African Catholic Bishops Conference.)", "24. The land to be transferred was previously held by the South African Development Trust (SADT), a body established by the Development Trust and Land Act of 1936 to hold land intended for eventual incorporation into the homelands. Following the repeal of the Development Trust and Land Act by the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act of 1991, SADT was abolished on 1 April 1992. The land it held was transferred to the Ministry of Regional and Land Affairs (formerly the Department of Development Aid), which is responsible for the self‑governing territories, and it is this land that is now being transferred to homeland control. Although the details of the transfer remain obscure, it was stated by Deputy Minister of Land Affairs Johan Scheepers that the land to be transferred would remain part of South Africa, subject to South African legislation, but that the rendering of services on the land concerned would be a joint venture. It has not been made clear what exactly this joint administration will entail. According to information received in previous cases where land has remained technically part of South Africa but administration has been by a homeland, there has been no practical difference from complete transfer of ownership.", "25. In its 1991 White Paper on Land Reform, the Government of South Africa acknowledged that there was no basis for further incorporation of land into the homelands. During multilateral negotiations in 1992 it was also agreed by all parties, including the Governments of the self-governing territories, that there should be a moratorium on further transfers of land. However, the Government has described the new transfers as \"in accordance with the principles and guidelines contained in the Government's White Paper on Land Reform\", on the grounds that full ownership was not being transferred to the homelands. The transfer of administrative control was a compromise agreed to because the Government had \"come under increasing pressure from the six territories to fulfil the old promises of land transfer\".", "26. While the Governments of Lebowa and QwaQwa agreed to the transfer of joint administrative control under the scheme proposed by the Government, the KwaZulu Government argued that full authority over the land should be transferred to it.", "27. On 1 February 1993, Deputy Minister of Land Affairs Johan Scheepers was reported to have said that the Government would not put a moratorium on the land transfers. In June 1993, two acts (the Regulation of Joint Executive Action Regarding Certain Land Act 109/1993 and the Joint Administration of Certain Matters Act 99/1993) were enacted empowering the State President to give effect to agreements for the joint administration of land outside the self-governing territories. In August 1993, South Africa and KwaZulu announced that a compromise had been reached on the land allocated to KwaZulu. The transfers would go ahead, although KwaZulu would not obtain full authority, South Africa retaining the right to control policing and education, with other services being jointly administered. Two highly sensitive areas, Clermont (a township outside Durban that had previously fought a long battle against incorporation) and Edendale (an area near Pietermaritzburg that has been a centre of bitter violence), would be excluded from the transaction. According to information received, no land has yet been transferred under this agreement.", "28. The Working Group was informed that during the initial period of constitutional negotiations, there had been no adequate reference to or discussion of the question of the homelands.", "IV. FREEDOM OF THE PRESS", "29. The Working Group was informed by a representative of the Anti-Censorship Action Group that there was an increase in attacks on journalists and members of the press corps. She referred to the events during the commemorative meetings and marches for the day of mourning of Chris Hani, as well as instances when attempts were made, on other occasions, to report on or photograph crowds looting shops or indulging in arson. She referred to an attack on a cameraman and a South African Broadcasting Corporation journalist on 23 April 1993, which resulted in the death of the latter. The increase in such events had led to a resolution at the annual congress of the South African Union of Journalists to set up permanent structures with the main political parties to discuss attacks on journalists.", "30. The Working Group also noted that, according to information received after allegations were made of irresponsible press reporting, the Goldstone Commission had requested the Press Council to investigate the role of the media in the current escalation of violence, especially in relation to incidents such as those which took place during a march at Thokoza that ended in the death of 13 people.", "31. Proposals are currently under consideration to reorganize the South African Broadcasting Corporation.", "V. EDUCATION", "32. The representative of the national Children's Rights Committee in the course of her testimony referred to all the encouraging and positive changes that had taken place, in particular the Interim Measure of Local Government Act of 1991, which had been passed to allow local committees to negotiate their own models of non-racial local government until the constitution was finalized. She also referred to the Child Care Amendment Act of 1991, which aimed to enable adoptions of children without racial considerations. She further referred to the Education Affairs Amendment Act of 1992, which was passed to facilitate procedures whereby schools could admit pupils of other races and to the initiation of procedures to desegregate hospitals and eliminate discrimination in the entitlements of pensions which were previously based on race. She said that in spite of those legal changes, the actual situation in areas such as health, education and social welfare had not yet improved because of difficulties associated with availability, affordability and accessibility.", "33. Furthermore, she informed the Working Group that the child population (under 19) in South Africa in 1991 had been recorded as 17,585,922. Children under five years of age in 1991 made up 36 per cent of the total South African population and only 7 per cent of those under five years of age had access to pre-school education and care. The National Education Policy Investigation on Early Childhood Educare had expressed the need to coordinate education, primary health care, social welfare, housing and development programmes to meet the needs of children in an integrated way. Its report also highlighted the tension between the need for effective family and community participation in educare provision and the need to promote national unity and to distribute resources to redress the iniquities of apartheid in terms of an overall development plan. Iniquities in the South African educational system were greatest in respect of educare and basic primary schooling, which perpetuated inequality of performance. In that connection the differential treatment in the provision of educational facilities inherited from the apartheid system remained and no financial provision was made for African children of pre-school age. That practice stemmed from a discriminatory way of budgeting in the educational system, which still maintained the structure of apartheid. The witness stressed the importance of moving beyond legislative changes in terms of a negotiated settlement and undertaking the promotion of a culture of learning and teaching, which had been destroyed. Violence had made access to schools extremely dangerous in affected areas and those African children who did manage to get to schools spent very little time in formal learning.", "34. The representative went on to say that, owing to apartheid structures, which provided for separate discriminatory educational systems based on race, compulsory education at the primary and secondary school level was not provided for all African children and it was a discretionary matter for the different departments, which are governed by their own statutes. She referred to a proposal recently adopted by the Government to introduce compulsory education for at least nine years, for which the State would assume primary responsibility. The National Education Policy Investigation (1992) and the ANC, among others, had made various proposals for restructuring a phased transition of the existing system, which was run under 19 different departments. According to the witness, compulsory primary and junior secondary education would require an additional 125,617 teachers and 11,044 classrooms, the total costs of which would be more than 2 billion rand. To implement compulsory education in the Department of Education and homeland schools, an additional 18,059 teachers would be needed. In view of the natural link with early childhood development programmes, an increase in possible access to primary education would undoubtedly lead to a greater fulfilment of aspirations for higher education. In that context, the representative expressed the need to support the Transitional Executive Council and to encourage it to work closely with democratic structures to achieve acceptable solutions.", "VI. TRADE UNION RIGHTS", "35. It was reported that political changes leading up to the formation of the Transitional Educative Council had had a strong influence on trade union rights and labour laws in South Africa. Several bodies connected with trade union rights bodies had changed their composition and had resulted in multiracial forums. The National Manpower Commission was now constituted as a tripartite multiparty body. Although jobs at the higher level were no longer reserved for the Whites, the situation of Black workers had not changed, since they still did not have access to the necessary training.", "36. The Public Service Act of 1993, which deals with civil servants, was passed in May 1993. However, those positive developments had not yet improved the situation of domestic workers and the estimated 1,000,000 farm workers. It was reported that two bills concerning domestic and farm-workers were still pending before Parliament.", "37. According to information received, numerous arms were in the hands of the civilian population and in particular, under the government scheme of state subsidy, White farmers were heavily armed, which would further complicate the social relationship between farmers and their employees. Employers and workers as such were not participating in the constitutional negotiations and that could undermine workers' rights.", "38. Farm-workers were totally dependent on the owner of the farm for family accommodation and sometimes schooling provided by some farmers. It was reported that that could well prevent the farm-workers from organizing themselves.", "VII. CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS", "39. After agreement during the multilateral talks was reached in early September on the formation of a Transitional Executive Council, the South African Parliament approved it on 23 September 1993. On 24 September 1993, Mr. Nelson Mandela addressed the General Assembly and asked for the removal of economic sanctions against South Africa.", "VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS", "A. Conclusions", "40. The Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts regrets that the Government of South Africa has not permitted the Group to visit the country in order to evaluate the prevailing situation of human rights in South Africa in conformity with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993/9.", "41. The right to life continues to be violated with impunity. In August 1993 alone 554 deaths were recorded as a result of the violence in the country. During the first seven months of 1993, 2,000 people were killed as a result of political violence. As far as the death toll is concerned, there is clearly direct or indirect responsibility of the security forces.", "42. The rise in the death toll after the decision to hold Constituent Assembly elections in April 1994 raises suspicion of deliberate action by certain right‑wing forces to frustrate the democratic process.", "43. Endemic violence constitutes a key element in the South African crisis. According to the different testimonies submitted to the Working Group, it is mainly due to political rivalries and the so-called \"third force\", a clear reference to the role of the police and security forces. It is evident that without an end to the escalation of violence and a much more rapid and efficient preventive action or intervention by the police, this situation will inevitably reduce the chances for peaceful and democratic solution of the political crisis and the total elimination of the system of apartheid.", "44. Detentions without trial under sections 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and under the Unrest Areas Regulations continue to violate individual freedoms in South Africa and should therefore be abolished. The Ad Hoc Working Group is also concerned about detentions without trial in the so-called \"homelands\", particularly in Bophuthatswana.", "45. During the first seven months of 1993, 25 deaths in police custody were recorded. The Ad Hoc Working Group is seriously concerned that deaths in police custody are still taking place in South Africa. It urges the Government of South Africa to ensure that all necessary measures are taken to put a stop to this gross violation of the right to life and in this connection it hopes that the Police Board, which may be operational by the end of 1993, will have a positive role to play.", "46. The system of homelands, which is widely condemned by the international community, is still in force despite the repeal in 1991 of major apartheid laws. It appears, from the steps recently taken to incorporate more land into the so‑called \"self-governing territories\", that the Government of South Africa still intends to perpetuate the Bantustan system. It is also curious that the 1993 law providing for possible revocation of homeland status is conditional upon the consent or request of the Government of the self-governing territory concerned.", "47. The Working Group considers that the whole issue of freedom of the press as well as the question of responsible reporting needs careful attention. Objective assessment and the right of the people to information is a question of particular importance at a time when proposals are under consideration regarding the freedom of expression.", "48. The Working Group notes that there are various factors that have led to attempts to curb the freedom of the press through violent measures. While important and fundamental principles are being decided upon during the current constitutional negotiations, freedom of expression must receive the attention it merits.", "49. The population of children in South Africa in 1991 was recorded as 17,585,922. Compulsory education is not available to Black children. Children of different races are treated differently and are covered by separate departments.", "50. While appreciating the measures already taken to introduce reforms relating to the rights of workers in the agricultural, domestic and public service sectors, the Working Group notes with concern the fact that such measures do not sufficiently conform to the international labour standards governing the tripartite partners all over the world.", "51. The political atmosphere improved significantly after the agreement reached at the multiparty conference on the establishment of a Transitional Executive Council and a previous accord fixing elections for 27 April 1994.", "52. In that context, the Group sees the removal of the trade and economic sanctions against South Africa proposed by Mr. Nelson Mandela as an important step in the process of reintegration of the country into the international community.", "53. However, the hostile stand of the White extreme right and the local authorities in three Bantustans, KwaZulu, Bophuthatswana and Ciskei, the discriminatory behaviour of the security forces in South Africa and the increasing violence throughout the country could jeopardize the proper functioning of the Transitional Executive Council, the forthcoming elections and the reintegration of South Africa into the international community.", "54. The failure of the South African authorities to protect all citizens on an equal footing has resulted in the accumulation in private hands of an enormous amount of weaponry acquired for self-defence.", "B. Recommendations", "55. The government institutions, in particular the South African Police and the Defence Force, should demonstrate greater determination to curb the escalating violence and take responsibility for guaranteeing security to all citizens without discrimination. The right-wing tendencies of some members of the police and army affecting their official activities must be investigated and, where proven, the individuals concerned retired forthwith.", "56. Attempts should be made to educate members of the security forces through retraining of the security personnel in accordance with international standards.", "57. The Ad Hoc Working Group recommends that sections 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and other remaining repressive regulations should be abolished and that similar regulations applicable in the homelands should be scrapped at the same time.", "58. A general amnesty should be given to all those under sentence of death for anti‑apartheid activities that could be regarded as politically motivated.", "59. It is recommended that the death penalty should be abolished immediately and that the sentences of all prisoners on death row should be replaced by other forms of punishment.", "60. The Bantustan system, which was established unilaterally by the Government of South Africa without consultation with the territories concerned, should be speedily abolished without the prerequisite request or consent of the nominally independent homelands or the self-governing territories.", "61. The Group hopes that freedom of expression will be considered by all negotiating parties as one of the fundamental human rights.", "62. While the recently adopted proposal to introduce nine years' compulsory education is laudable, the Government of South Africa should take urgent and deliberate measures to provide the necessary human and material resources. The international community should also assist in this regard.", "63. It is recommended that the Government of South Africa invite ILO to advise on changes to be introduced in order to comply with international labour standards.", "64. Any interim constitution should contain all the recognized international norms in the field of human rights.", "65. With the assumption of responsibility to guarantee public safety without discrimination, the Government should take firm measures for the surrender of all weapons presently in private hands.", "Notes", "1/ E/CN.4/1993/14, paras. 133-138, p. 36.", "2/ See E/CN.4/1993/14, paras. 164-170.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/525", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (c)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS:", "HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATIONS", "REPORT OF RAPPORTEURS AND REPRESENTATIVES", "SPECIAL", "The human rights situation in South Africa", "Note by the Secretary-General", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly the preliminary report on the situation of human rights in South Africa prepared by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Southern Africa of the Commission on Human Rights, in accordance with Commission resolution 1993/9 of 26 February 1993 and Economic and Social Council decision 1993/257 of 28 July 1993.", "Council", "TABLE OF CONTENTS", "Paragraphs Page", "I. INTRODUCTION 1 - 10 3", "II.RIGHT TO LIFE 11 - 20 4", "A. Intensification of violence . 11 - 12 4", "B.Detention without trial 13 - 14 5", "C.Deaths in custody or detention", "custody 15 - 17 5", "D.Political proceedings 18 6", "E. Political prisoners 19 6", "F. Executions . 20 7", "III.BANTOUSSTANS 21 - 28 7", "IV.FREEDOM OF THE PRESS 29 - 31 9", "V. EDUCATION 32 - 34 9", "VI.SYNDICAL RIGHTS 35 - 38 11", "VII.CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS 39 11", "VIII.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 40 - 65 12", "A. Conclusions 40 - 54 11", "B.Recommendations 55 - 65 13", "I. INTRODUCTION", "1.At its forty-ninth session, the Commission on Human Rights adopted resolution 1993/9 of 26 February 1993, in which it decided to renew for a period of two years the mandate of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Southern Africa, established by the General Assembly in its resolution 2 (XXIII) of 6 March 1967.In its resolution 1993/9, the Commission, inter alia, requested the Ad Hoc Group of Experts to continue to examine the situation of human rights violations in South Africa, to submit its interim report to the Commission at its fiftieth session and its final report at its fifty-first session, and to submit a preliminary report to the General Assembly at its forty-eighth and forty-ninth sessions.", "2.The Ad Hoc Group is currently composed of the following six experts appointed by the Commission on Human Rights and acting in their individual capacity: Mr. Mikuin Leliel Balanda (Zaïre), Chairperson/Rapporteur, Mr. Felix Ermacora (Austria), Vice-Chairperson, Mr. Armando Entralgo (Cuba), Mr. Elly-Elikunda Mtango (United Republic of Tanzania), Mr. Zoran Paji_ (Bosnia and Herzegovina), and Mr. Mulka Govinda Reddy (India).", "3.At its forty-ninth session, the Commission on Human Rights, in accordance with its resolution 1993/9, requested the Government of South Africa to authorize the Ad Hoc Group of Experts to visit South Africa to collect information from individuals and organizations with a view to assessing the human rights situation in South Africa.", "4.In response to that request, the representative of the Government of South Africa was contacted again.On behalf of the Special Unit, the Assistant Secretary-General made a request on 1 March 1993.He also discussed the issue with a delegation of parliamentarians, with whom he had held consultations in Geneva, and who had expressed their willingness to facilitate the Special Unit's mission.On 6 April 1993, the Chairman renewed, on behalf of the Panel, the request of the Panel for permission to visit South Africa to assess the human rights situation.Following informal contacts, the Permanent Representative of the Government of South Africa to the United Nations Office at Geneva indicated that the visit would be inappropriate, as the situation in the country was very difficult.The Special Group regrets that the Government of South Africa has never accepted the Commission's requests to allow the Special Unit to visit the country to assess the human rights situation there.The Special Group continues to hope that the relevant South African authorities, referring to Commission resolutions, will authorize it to visit the country prior to the fiftieth session of the Commission.", "5.In order to submit the reports requested of the Special Unit to the General Assembly and the Commission on Human Rights, as in previous years, the Special Unit has received testimony from outside South Africa.For example, he held hearings in Gaborone from 16 to 19 August 1993 and in Harare from 20 to 27 August 1993 to gather information and hear statements from individuals and organizations with direct knowledge of the situation in South Africa.The information and statements covered the following topics: the situation following the repeal of certain apartheid laws (including in the areas of health and education), the right to life, detention and death during police custody, cases of torture and abuse, capital punishment and executions, administration of justice, political trials, torture and ill-treatment of children in detention, trade union activities, constitutional negotiations and escalation of violence and its process of death.", "6.In Gaborone, the Panel heard statements from representatives of the African National Congress (ANC), the Independent Board of Inquiry and the Anti-Censorship Action Group and individuals.", "7.The Panel then collected information in Harare from representatives of the South African Human Rights Commission, the National Association of Democratic Lawyers, Lawyers for Human Rights, the ANC, the Centre for Applied Legal Studies of the University of Witwatersrand, and individuals.", "8.In Geneva, the Panel heard statements from representatives of the International Labour Office (ILO) on recent developments in the right to organize and the situation of black workers in South Africa.The Special Rapporteur will assess in his final report to the Commission on Human Rights at its fiftieth session the special report of the Director-General of ILO submitted to the International Labour Conference at its eightieth session on the implementation of the Declaration on Action against Apartheid in South Africa.", "9.The Panel heard testimony from 15 witnesses in total.", "10.The present report, which should be read in conjunction with the Panel's last report to the Commission on Human Rights (E/CN.4/1993/14), briefly analyses the main developments in South Africa relating to human rights between February and September 1993.The Panel adopted the draft resolution on 30 September 1993.", "II.RIGHT TO LIFE", "A.Intensification of violence", "11.The Special Group noted that the situation with regard to violence had been very encouraging in the early months of 1993, and that the number of deaths and injuries had decreased considerably.But things had begun to change and the number of deaths had increased shortly after the opening of the constitutional negotiations, especially after the Multiparty Negotiating Forum had set the date of the elections on 27 April 1993, with a view to the constitution of the Transitional Executive Council.Violence seems to continue to intensify.According to statistics published by the South African Human Rights Commission, 554 deaths were recorded in August 1993 alone, making it the third most deadly month.An average of 18 deaths per day, more than twice the average in the previous three years, were reported.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission informed the Special Group that 2,000 people had fallen victims of political and other violence in the first seven months of 1993, and that nearly 3,000 had been injured.He said that since August 1992, violence that had moved from the Pretoria, Witwatersrand and Vaal areas to the Natal region had resurfaced in recent months.According to the representative of the South African Human Rights Commission, the death record in July 1993 in the region was more than half of the deaths recorded in the country as a whole.", "Killing of Chris Hani", "12.Politically motivated violence culminated with the absurd assassination in April 1993 of Chris Hani, Secretary General of the South African Communist Party;The murder was all the more disturbing as it occurred when all the parties involved were making enormous efforts to reach a negotiated settlement on a constitutional mechanism that would allow the spoliated majority of the South African population to establish a multi-party democratic government.When we move towards consensus, it is inevitable that extremist reactions will occur.On the other hand, there is a sincere desire to work for peace and reconciliation, as evidenced by the fact that it is to the prompt intervention of a White woman, who is close to Mr. Hani, that one must have arrested a suspect who was implicated in the assassination.According to the representative of the Lawyers for Human Rights, during the ensuing period of tension and instability, it was through the mechanisms of the National Peace Agreement, as well as the appeals of leaders from all groups, that violent incidents could be prevented during funeral ceremonies.This was partly because the committees established under the National Peace Agreement, which were directly focused on the local population, could promote and maintain peace, a crucial task in the face of the rise of violence.", "B.Detention without trial", "13.One hundred and seventeen persons were reportedly detained without trial under section 29 of the Internal Security Act during the first seven months of 1993.Four of these persons had not yet been released by the end of July 1993.Seventy-four people were detained under section 50 of the same Act, which allows 14 days of pre-trial detention.However, no detention was registered during the same period under section 31 of the Act.In addition, 21 persons are still reportedly detained under the Unrest Areas Regulations.", "14.Under similar laws in the so-called \"homelands\", where they were not modified, 55 people were detained in Bophuthatswana.The Panel noted that information from the South African Human Rights Commission indicated that no similar cases had been reported in Transkei, Ciskei or Venda.", "C.Deaths in custody or custody", "15.According to the representative of the South African Human Rights Commission, no deaths were recorded during detention during the first seven months of 1993.However, 25 cases of deaths in custody were recorded during the same period.The Special Group noted with pleasure in this regard the establishment in March 1992 of the Police Council under the National Peace Agreement.The council, which was to be established in the Witwatersrand and Vaal regions, was expected to commence its activities before the end of 1993.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission further indicated that local committees were required to conduct unannounced visits to police cells, and that, with the consent of the latter, a group of civilians would be permitted, as part of a programme of visits, to examine the cells at any time of the day or night in order to interview any prisoner and report on the visit.Local police stations should maintain a register of all information on the arrests and places of detention of arrested persons.Furthermore, all such information would be made available to those directly concerned by the arrests.", "16.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission referred to several investigations into deaths in police custody, and to cases where, as a result of those investigations, South African police officers had been suspended pending the outcome of the investigation or a decision of the Attorney General.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission also informed the Special Unit of the decisions taken by the Attorney General to prosecute police officers in custody.", "17.According to the September 1993 Amnesty International Bulletin, the Witwatersrand Attorney General has stated, in rare cases, his intention to charge a police lieutenant with the murder of Bethuel Maphumulo, who was killed in detention in 1990.The Bulletin also stated that this decision followed the Maphumulo family's campaign for more than two years with lawyers and human rights defenders to charge the police officer accused of the murder.The case would be decided by the Supreme Court.", "D.Political trials", "18.According to information received by the Special Unit, political trials continue to be conducted under the Internal Security Act: 90 trials involving 860 accused were reportedly held between January and June 1993.Of these, 145 persons were convicted, 211 acquitted, all charges were withdrawn, and 79 pleaded guilty and fined.Twenty-one people had escaped justice, and one person had obtained immunity.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission also reported that, at the end of July 1993, 81 political trials involving 827 accused persons were under way.", "E. Political prisoners", "19.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission reported that the Joint Commission of Inquiry, established in 1992 to identify political prisoners eligible for release as political prisoners, had a list of 49 persons meeting the required criteria.The Commission had already established that 13 of the remaining prisoners were incarcerated and that 17 more cases were being examined.The South African Human Rights Commission ranks the remaining 19 as political prisoners, who should be entitled to compensation1.", "F. Implementation", "20.The Special Group was informed that there had been no executions during the period under review, although there were 302 persons awaiting execution, 29 of whom were sentenced to death for crimes in 1993.", "III.BANTOUSTANS", "21.As the Special Group has already been pointed out on several occasions, and according to recent information from Africa Watch, apartheid in its original conception was intended, and the Special Group wishes to recall, to strip all black South African nationals of their South African nationality, in exchange for the nationality of the so-called \"independent States\" located within South African borders.In fact, while all the major ethnic groups of purely African origin in South Africa have eventually been divided among the different homelands, the system has never been fully implemented.Many Africans have continued to live, legally or not, in areas officially reserved exclusively for whites;In addition, only four of the homelands (the Transkei, the Bophithatswana, the Venda and the Ciskei, known as the TBVC states) became theoretically independent.The other six are considered \"autonomous territories\" and South African law does not recognize their sovereignty, although they have in principle a fairly broad legislative and executive autonomy.In practice, the inhabitants of the TBVC states, who are theoretically independent and \"self-governing territories\", see little difference between them.The Government of South Africa repealed the main laws establishing apartheid in South Africa outside the homelands in 1991, although the laws creating them remain in force.", "22.The reintegration of the \"homelands\" into the Republic of South Africa is one of the most controversial issues in the multilateral negotiations on the transition to government by the majority, which began in 1990.The South African Government believes that the reintegration of some of these territories is conditional on the agreement of the Governments concerned, as they see sovereign States.With regard to the autonomous territories, the Government of South Africa enacted legislation in 1993 to revoke the jurisdiction of the six \"non-independent\" homelands.However, this option will only be exercised with the \"consent or at the request of the Government of the autonomous territory concerned\".", "23.In August 1992, it was reported that the Government of South Africa was considering the placement of an additional 1.2 million hectares of land under the control of the KwaZulu, QwaQwa and Lebowa autonomous territories.Other land would also be provided to KaNgwane, KwaNdebele and Gazankulu.According to the Government itself, more than half of these lands are already under permanent development and occupation.Approximately 600,000 hectares of this land were to be returned to KwaZulu.According to some reports, the Government refused to disclose the exact location of the land in question, which was not disclosed to the public until the Association for Rural Progress (AFRA), a non-governmental organization dealing with land and development issues, had conducted research on the matter.The land is located in various locations in Natal and includes villages that had previously opposed integration into homeland.The land transfer project immediately provoked protests from a wide range of organizations, including the ANC, as well as human rights and development groups.A joint press release condemning the Government's proposal was issued by AFRA, Black Sash, the Adult Education Centre of the University of Natal (Pietermaritzburg), Five Freedoms Forum, the South African Human Rights Commission, Lawyers for Human Rights, the Legal Resources Centre, the Natal Midlands Rural Development Network Executive, Pietermaritzburg Association for Christian Social Action, and the South African Catholic Bishops Conference.", "24.The land that the Government intended to transfer to homeland was previously in the hands of the South African Development Trust (SADT), an organ established by the Development Trust and Land Act of 1936 to manage land for transfer to homelands.The Development Trust and Land Act was repealed by the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act 1991, and the SADT was dissolved on April 1, 1992.The land held by the Government was transferred to the Ministry of Territory and Regional Affairs (formerly the Ministry of Development Assistance), which is responsible for the autonomous territories;These are the lands that would now be under the control of the homelands.If the details of the transfer remain unclear, the Deputy Minister of the Territory, Mr. Johan Scheepers, stated that the lands to be transferred would continue to be part of South Africa and subject to South Africa's law, but that the services would be provided in association with South Africa.No further details were provided on what exactly was covered by this combination administration.According to information received about other cases where land continued to be part of South Africa in principle, while administered by a homeland, there was no difference in practice from a simple property transfer.", "25.In its 1991 White Paper on Agrarian Reform, the South African Government recognized that there was no room for new land to be included in the homelands.During the 1992 multilateral negotiations, all parties, including the Governments of the autonomous territories, agreed to a moratorium on any further land change.Nevertheless, the Government has found these new changes \"in line with the principles and guidelines of the Government's White Paper on Agrarian Reform\", on the grounds that the transfer of ownership of these lands to the homelands is not a matter of full ownership.The transfer of administrative control was a compromise, accepted because \"the six territories had put increasing pressure on the Government to honour its old promises in this regard\".", "26.The Governments of Lebowa and QwaQwa have accepted the Government's proposed joint administrative transfer, with the KwaZulu Government claiming a full transfer of authority over the land for its benefit.", "27.On 1 February 1993, the Deputy Minister of the Territory, Johan Scheepers, reportedly stated that the Government did not intend to impose a moratorium on land transfer.In June 1993, the Government promoted two laws (Regulation of Joint Executive Action Looking Certain Land Act 109/1993 and Joint Administration of Certain Matters Act 99/1993), empowering the President of the State to give effect to the agreements concluded for the joint administration of lands outside the boundaries of the autonomous territories.In August 1993, South Africa and KwaZulu announced that they had reached a compromise on the land allocated to KwaZulu.The transfer would proceed, but the KwaZulu would not exercise full authority over the lands, with South Africa maintaining control over law enforcement and education and other services administered in association.Two key regions, Clermont (township at the gates of Durban, which had long and fiercely opposed integration before), and Edendale (near Pietermaritzburg, which had been the scene of horrific violence), would be excluded from the operation.According to the information available, no land has yet been transferred under this agreement.", "28.The Special Group was informed that the issue of homelands had never been adequately discussed or discussed during the initial phase of constitutional negotiations.", "IV.FREEDOM OF THE PRESS", "29.The representative of the Censorship Action Group informed the Ad Hoc Group of Experts that there had been an increase in attacks on journalists and members of the press.She referred to events during meetings and demonstrations held in memory of Chris Hani, as well as attacks on journalists who attempted on other occasions to make photographic and other reports on crowds looting and burning everywhere.She spoke of an attack on a shooting operator and a journalist from the South African Broadcasting Corporation on 23 April 1993, which had caused the latter's death.In the face of the proliferation of such events, the South African Union of Journalists had adopted, at its annual congress, a resolution to establish, in conjunction with the main political parties, permanent mechanisms to discuss attacks against journalists.", "30.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts noted that, according to information received following allegations of irresponsible reporting, the Goldstone Commission had requested the Press Council to investigate the responsibility of the media in the current escalation of violence, particularly in respect of incidents such as those that occurred during a demonstration in Thokoza, which resulted in the death of 13 persons.", "31.Proposals to reorganize the South African Broadcasting Corporation are under consideration.", "V. EDUCATION", "32.In her testimony, the representative of the National Committee on the Rights of the Child referred to all the encouraging changes that had taken place, in particular the adoption of the Interim Measure of Local Government Act of 1991, which was intended to allow local committees to negotiate their own models of non-racial local government, pending the development of the Constitution.She also referred to the Child Care Amendment Act of 1991, which aims to allow for the adoption of children regardless of race.She also mentioned the Education Affairs Amendment Act of 1992, which aimed to open the doors of educational institutions to students of other races, as well as the introduction of measures to desegregate hospitals and measures to eliminate racial discrimination in the award of pensions.She said that, despite these legal changes, the situation in the areas of health, education, social security, etc. had not yet improved due to the difficulties caused by the lack of supply, the high costs and the obstacles to access to these services.", "33.In addition, she said that there were 17,585,922 young people under the age of 19 in 1991.In the same year, children under the age of 5 accounted for 36% of the total population of South Africa, but only 7% had access to education and preschool care.The National Education Policy Investigation on Early Childhood Educare had shown that there was a need to coordinate education, primary health care, social security, housing and development programmes to address the needs of children in a comprehensive manner.It also stressed the need to reconcile the need for families and communities to participate effectively in the provision of education and care services with the need to promote national unity and to allocate resources to address apartheid inequalities through a comprehensive development plan.The South African education system was particularly inequitable in terms of education and care, as well as basic primary education, which perpetuated the inequality of results.Similarly, the differentiation between educational facilities inherited from the apartheid system remained, and no credit was provided for African preschool children.This practice was due to the discriminatory way in which the education budget was calculated, which maintained the structure of apartheid.The witness stressed that we must go beyond mere legislative changes and find a negotiated solution by committing ourselves to promoting a culture based on learning and teaching, which had been destroyed.Because of the violence, school attendance was extremely dangerous in the affected areas and African children who were able to attend school spent little time in institutionalised education.", "34.The representative added that, owing to the structures of apartheid, which provided for separate systems of racially discriminatory education, there was no compulsory education at the primary and secondary levels for all African children and that education depended on the different administrative bodies that each had their own laws.She mentioned a recent Government measure to make schooling compulsory for at least 9 years;This education would be mainly taken over by the State.The National Education Policy Investigation of 1992 and the ANC, among others, had put forward various proposals for restructuring, through a multi-phase transition, the existing system currently managed by 19 different administrative entities.According to the witness, compulsory primary and lower secondary school attendance would require 125,617 teachers and 11,044 additional classrooms, which would cost a total of over R$ 2 billion.In order to introduce compulsory education in schools under the Ministry of Education and Homelands, an additional 18,059 teachers would be required.Due to the natural link with early childhood development programmes, it is unquestionable that by opening up more primary education, more students would be able to study more fully.In this context, the representative said that it was necessary to support the Transitional Executive Council and encourage it to work closely with democratic structures to find acceptable solutions.", "VI.SYNDICAL RIGHTS", "35.It was reported that the political changes that led to the establishment of the Transitional Educational Council had had a clear impact on trade union rights and labour legislation in South Africa.Several bodies linked to trade union organizations had changed their composition in a multiracial sense.The National Manpower Commission was now a tripartite and multiracial body.Although higher-level jobs are no longer reserved for white workers, the situation of black workers has not changed, as they have not yet had access to the necessary training.", "36.The Public Service Act 1993 had been adopted in May 1993.However, this positive development had not yet resulted in an improvement in the situation of domestic workers or agricultural workers estimated at 1 million.It was reported that two bills concerning domestic and agricultural workers were still under consideration in Parliament.", "37.According to the information provided, many weapons were held by the civilian population and, in particular, under the Government's State subsidy plan, white farmers were armed to their teeth, which could further complicate the relationship between farmers and their employees.Employers and employees did not participate as such in constitutional negotiations, which could undermine workers' rights.", "38.Agricultural workers were entirely dependent on the owner of the farm for family housing, and sometimes on the education of children.This situation could very well prevent agricultural workers from organizing themselves.", "VII.CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS", "39.In early September, multilateral negotiations resulted in an agreement on the formation of a transitional executive council, which the South African Parliament approved on 23 September 1993.The following day, Mr. Nelson Mandela addressed the General Assembly to call for the lifting of economic sanctions against South Africa.", "VIII.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS", "A.Conclusions", "40.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts regrets that the Government of South Africa has not authorized it to visit the country to assess the human rights situation in South Africa, in accordance with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993/9.", "41.The right to life continues to be violated with impunity.In August 1993 alone, 554 deaths were recorded as a result of violence in the country.In the first seven months of 1993, 2,000 people were killed, victims of political violence.In this regard, it is clear that the security forces are directly or indirectly involved.", "42.The increase in the number of deaths following the decision to hold elections to the Constituent Assembly in April 1994 suggests that this is deliberate action by some right-wing circles who want to play a role in the democratic process.", "43.Endemic violence is a constant of the crisis in South Africa.According to the various testimonies heard by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts, it is mainly due to political rivalries and the so-called \"third force\", which clearly designates the police and the security forces.It is clear that if the escalation of violence is not stopped and the police do not carry out preventive activities or interventions more quickly and effectively, the chances of a peaceful and democratic solution to the political crisis and of dismantling apartheid will inevitably be reduced.", "44.Detention without trial pursuant to sections 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and the Unrest Areas Regulations are violations of individual freedoms in South Africa and must be stopped.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts is also concerned about the detention without trial in the so-called \"homelands\", particularly in Bophuthatswana.", "45.In the first seven months of 1993, 25 deaths were reported in police custody.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts is concerned that deaths continue to occur in South Africa during police custody.It urges the Government of South Africa to ensure that all necessary measures are taken to put an end to this grave violation of the right to life;In that connection, he hoped that the Police Board, which might start to sit by the end of 1993, would have a positive role to play.", "46.The homeland system, which was widely condemned by the international community, remained in force despite the repeal of the main segregationist laws on apartheid in 1991.Recent measures to allocate new land to so-called \"self-governing territories\" suggest that the South African Government still intends to perpetuate the Bantustan system.It is also curious that the 1993 Act, which provides for the possible abolition of homelands, is subject to the consent or request of the Government of the Autonomous Territory concerned.", "47.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts believes that the whole issue of press freedom and the exercise of the function of journalist deserves careful attention.An objective assessment of things and the right of the public to be informed are all the more important issues as proposals on freedom of expression are being considered.", "48.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts notes that several factors have led to attempts to limit press freedom through violence.Now that the fundamental principles of constitutional negotiations are being debated, the freedom of expression should be given all the attention it deserves.", "49.In 1991, there were 17,585,922 children in South Africa.Education is not compulsory for black children.Children are treated differently according to the race to which they belong and each race is dealt with by a separate administrative entity.", "50.While welcoming the steps already taken to introduce reforms on the rights of agricultural workers, domestic workers and civil servants, the Ad Hoc Group of Experts notes with concern that these measures do not sufficiently conform to international labour standards applicable to partners in tripartite arrangements around the world.", "51.The political climate improved significantly following the conclusion of an agreement at the multi-party conference on the establishment of a transitional executive council and a previous agreement setting the date for the elections on 27 April 1994.", "52.In this context, the Ad Hoc Group of Experts considers the lifting of trade and economic sanctions against South Africa as an important step in the process of reintegration of the country into the international community.", "53.However, hostility by extreme right-wing whites and local authorities in the three Bantustans of KwaZulu, Bophuthatswana and Ciskei, discriminatory behaviour by security forces in South Africa and renewed violence throughout the country threaten the smooth functioning of the Transitional Executive Council, the forthcoming holding of elections and the reintegration of South Africa into the international community.", "54.The fact that the South African authorities do not provide equal protection for all citizens leads individuals to accumulate a whole arsenal to ensure their own defence.", "B.Recommendations", "55.Public institutions, in particular the police and the South African defence forces, should be more determined to indicate violence and ensure the safety of all without discrimination.The allegations that some elements of the police and armed forces would betray their sympathies for the far right in the performance of their duties should be investigated and those who were convinced of such conduct should be immediately dismissed.", "56.The training of members of the security forces should be sought to familiarize them with the relevant international standards by organizing refresher courses for them.", "57.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts recommends the abolition of articles 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and other remaining repressive regulations and the repeal of comparable domestic regulations.", "58.A general amnesty should be proclaimed for all those sentenced to death for anti-apartheid activities that could be considered politically motivated.", "59.It is recommended that the death penalty be abolished immediately and commuted to all death row prisoners.", "60.The Bantustan system, which was unilaterally established by the South African Government without consultation with the territories concerned, should be abolished rapidly without the need for a request to that effect from nominally independent homelands or autonomous territories or for their consent.", "61.The Group hopes that freedom of expression will be considered by all negotiating parties as one of the fundamental human rights.", "62.While welcoming the recent step towards the establishment of a nine-year compulsory education system, the Ad Hoc Group of Experts considered that the Government of South Africa should act diligently and resolutely to provide the necessary human and material resources.In that regard, the international community should also assist.", "63.It is recommended that the Government of South Africa seek advice and advice from ILO on reforms to comply with international labour standards.", "64.Any provisional constitution should enshrine all recognized international human rights standards.", "65.The Government must guarantee the safety of all without discrimination and, in that regard, should take determined measures to secure the surrender of all weapons currently held by private individuals.", "Notes", "1 E/CN.4/1993/14, para.133-138, pp. 32-33.", "2 See E/CN.4/1993/14, paras. 164-170.", "-----" 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"
"u8Dq22fdIwVx5vtQvBTMJMEk1FYQveD8AhngzBJalKw="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/525", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (c)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATIONS AND REPORTS", "OF SPECIAL RAPPORTEURS AND REPRESENTATIVES", "Situation of human rights in South Africa", "Note by the Secretary-General", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly the preliminary report on the situation of human rights in South Africa prepared by the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on southern Africa of the Commission on Human Rights in accordance with Commission resolution 1993/9 of 26 February 1993 and Economic and Social Council decision 1993/257 of 28 July 1993.", "93-57188 (E) 121193 /...", "ANNEX", "CONTENTS", "Paragraphs Page", "I. INTRODUCTION ......................................... 1 - 10 3", "II. RIGHT TO LIFE ....................................... 11 - 20 4", "A. Escalation of violence ........................... 11 - 12 4", "B. Detention without trial .......................... 13 - 14 5", "C. Death in detention and police custody ............ 15 - 17 5", "D. Political trials ................................. 18 6", "E. Political prisoners .............................. 19 6", "F. Executions ....................................... 20 7", "III. BANTUSTANS ........................................... 21 - 28 7", "IV. FREEDOM OF THE PRESS ................................. 29 - 31 9", "V. EDUCATION ............................................ 32 - 34 9", "VI. TRADE UNION RIGHTS ................................... 35 - 38 11", "VII. CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS ......................... 39 11", "VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................... 40 - 65 11", "A. Conclusions ...................................... 40 - 54 11", "B. Recommendations .................................. 55 - 65 13", "I. INTRODUCTION", "1. The Commission on Human Rights, at its forty-ninth session, adopted resolution 1993/9 of 26 February 1993, in which it decided to renew for a further period of two years the mandate of the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on southern Africa, established pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 2 (XXIII) of 6 March 1967. In resolution 1993/9 the Commission requested the Working Group, inter alia, to continue to examine the situation regarding the violations of human rights in South Africa and to submit an interim and a final report to the Commission at its fiftieth and fifty-first sessions, respectively, and preliminary reports to the General Assembly at its forty-eighth and forty-ninth sessions.", "2. The Working Group is currently composed of the following six members, serving in their personal capacity and appointed by the Commission on Human Rights: Mr. Mikuin Leliel Balanda (Zaire), Chairman/Rapporteur; Mr. Felix Ermacora (Austria), Vice-Chairman; Mr. Armando Entralgo (Cuba); Mr. Elly-Elikunda Mtango (United Republic of Tanzania); Mr. Zoran Paji_ (Bosnia and Herzegovina); and Mr. Mulka Govinda Reddy (India).", "3. The Commission on Human Rights, at its forty-ninth session, in accordance with resolution 1993/9, requested the Government of South Africa to allow the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts to visit that country to gather information from concerned individuals and organizations in order to ascertain the situation of human rights in South Africa.", "4. In pursuance of that request, once again, the representative of the Government of South Africa was approached. The Assistant Secretary-General, on behalf of the Working Group, addressed a request on 1 March 1993. A delegation of Members of Parliament, who had had consultations with the Assistant Secretary-General at Geneva and had expressed their interest in facilitating a visit by the Working Group, was also approached by him. On 6 April 1993, the Chairman of the Working Group further renewed the request on behalf of the Group for a visit to South Africa in order to ascertain the situation of human rights in that country. Further informal contacts resulted in an indication from the Permanent Representative of the Government of South Africa to the United Nations Office at Geneva that the visit was not considered advisable given the present delicate situation in the country. The Working Group regrets the consistent failure of the Government of South Africa to respect the requests of the Commission to facilitate the Group's visit in order to evaluate the prevailing situation of human rights. The Group continues to hope that the competent authorities in South Africa will concede to the resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights and allow a visit before the fiftieth session of the Commission.", "5. In order to fulfil their reporting responsibilities to the General Assembly and the Human Rights Commission, the Working Group, in keeping with past practice, heard testimonies outside South Africa. The Group conducted hearings at Gaborone from 16 to 19 August 1993 and at Harare from 20 to 27 August 1993 for the purpose of receiving evidence and hearing testimony from individuals and organizations having first-hand experience with the situation in South Africa. The topics on which the Working Group received evidence and heard testimony were the following: conditions after the repeal of certain apartheid legislation (including health and education), right to life, detention and deaths in police custody, cases of torture and ill-treatment, capital punishment and executions, administration of justice, political trials, detention, torture and ill-treatment of children, trade union activities, constitutional negotiations and the situation regarding the escalating violence resulting in deaths.", "6. During the course of meetings held at Gaborone, testimony was heard from representatives of the African National Congress (ANC), the Independent Board of Inquiry and the Anti-Censorship Action Group. Testimony was also given by concerned individuals.", "7. The Working Group gathered further evidence at Harare from representatives of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, the National Association of Democratic Lawyers, Lawyers for Human Rights, the ANC, the Centre for Applied Legal Studies of the University of Witwatersrand and concerned individuals.", "8. The Working Group received testimony at Geneva from representatives of the International Labour Office (ILO) regarding the recent development with respect to trade union law and the situation of Black workers in South Africa. The special report of the Director‑General of ILO to the eightieth session of the International Labour Conference on the application of the Declaration concerning Action Against Apartheid in South Africa will be evaluated by the Working Group in its final report to the Commission on Human Rights at its fiftieth session.", "9. The Working Group heard testimony from a total of 15 witnesses.", "10. The present report, which should be read in conjunction with the Working Group's latest report to the Commission on Human Rights (E/CN.4/1993/14), is a brief evaluation of the principal developments of the human rights situation in South Africa between February and September 1993. It was adopted by the Working Group on 30 September 1993.", "II. RIGHT TO LIFE", "A. Escalation of violence", "11. The Working Group noted that the situation regarding violence appeared to be very encouraging in the initial months of 1993 and that deaths and injuries had diminished considerably. However, the situation began to change soon after constitutional negotiations began and the death-toll rose, especially after the Multiparty Negotiating Forum decided that elections would take place on 27 April 1993, leading to the formation of the Transitional Executive Committee. It would appear that violence continues to escalate. According to statistics published by the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, 554 deaths were recorded in August 1993 alone, the third highest figure recorded. It was reported that the average daily death rate came to 18, which was more than double the average death rate for the previous three years. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa informed the Working Group that 2,000 people had been killed in political and other violence during the first seven months of 1993 and close to 3,000 had been injured. The witness said that since August 1992 the violence had shifted from the Pretoria/Witwatersrand/Vaal area to the Natal region. In recent months, however, the violence returned to the former area. According to the information submitted by the representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, the deaths in that area during July 1993 accounted for more than half the national death toll.", "Assassination of Chris Hani", "12. Politically motivated violence achieved its peak in the senseless assassination of Chris Hani, the Secretary-General of the South African Communist Party, in April 1993, the most disturbing event at a time when such strenuous efforts had been undertaken by all parties concerned to reach a negotiated settlement for a constitutional framework that would allow the deprived majority of South Africa to establish a multiparty democratic government. As progress is made towards a consensus, extremist reactions are inevitable from some quarters. On the other hand, it must be noted that there appears to be a genuine attempt to work towards peace and reconciliation evidenced by the fact that a White woman, a neighbour of Mr. Hani, was instrumental in the arrest of a suspect in his murder thanks to her speedy intervention. According to the representative of Lawyers for Human Rights, during the tense and volatile situations that followed, it was through the structures of the National Peace Accord, as well as appeals from the leaders of all groups, that violent incidents were prevented during the funeral ceremonies. This was due in part to the fact that the National Peace Accord committees are in a position to establish contact at the local level as well as undertake the task of facilitating and maintaining peace, a role that is vital, in the face of the increasing violence.", "B. Detention without trial", "13. It was reported that 117 people had been detained during the first seven months of 1993 under section 29 of the Internal Security Act. Four of them were still in detention at the end of July 1993. Under section 50 of the Act, which allows for 14 days' preventive detention, 74 detentions were recorded. On the other hand, no detentions were recorded during that period under section 31 of the Act. It was further reported that 21 people were still being held under the Unrest Areas Regulations.", "14. Under equivalent legislation in the so-called \"homelands\", which remains unchanged, 55 detentions were recorded in Bophuthatswana. The Working Group noted that according to information received from the Human Rights Commission of South Africa no such detentions were recorded in Transkei, Ciskei and Venda.", "C. Death in detention and police custody", "15. According to the representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, no deaths in detention were recorded during the first seven months of 1993. However, during the same period, 25 deaths while in police custody were recorded. In this connection, the Working Group was pleased to note the reported establishment in March 1992 under the National Peace Accord of the Police Board. It was reported that the Board was to be launched in the Witwatersrand/Vaal area and was expected to be operational by the end of 1993. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa further reported that local committees were to conduct announced spot checks on police cells and that, with the agreement of the police, under a \"visitors' programme\", a panel of civilians would be allowed to examine police cells at any time during the day or night in order to interview any prisoner and subsequently report on the visit. A police register, to be kept at local police stations, was to be established in order to keep a record of those arrested as well as details of the place where they were being detained. Furthermore, all this information was to be made available to those directly concerned and affected by the arrests.", "16. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa referred to several inquests into deaths in police custody and referred to cases where, subsequent to the inquiries, members of the South African Police were suspended from duty, pending investigations or a decision by the Attorney-General. Decisions by the Attorney-General to prosecute policemen involved in deaths of persons while in police custody were also brought to the attention of the Working Group by the representative of Human Rights Commission of South Africa.", "17. It was reported in the Amnesty International Newsletter of September 1993 that, in a rare move, the Attorney-General from Witwatersrand had announced in July that a police lieutenant was to be charged with the murder of Bethuel Maphumulo, who was killed while in custody in 1990. The decision to prosecute, it was further reported, came in the wake of a campaign by the Maphumulo family, lawyers and human rights activists, who had struggled for more than two years to convince the authorities to bring charges against the police officer accused of responsibility for the killing. It was reported that the case was scheduled to be heard by the Supreme Court.", "D. Political trials", "18. According to information received by the Working Group, political trials continue under the Internal Security Act: during the period from January to June 1993, it was reported that 90 trials had been completed involving 860 accused. Of those accused persons, 145 were convicted, 211 acquitted, 403 had all charges against them withdrawn and 79 pleaded guilty and were fined. Twenty-one of them absconded and one was granted indemnity. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa further reported that at the end of July 1993 81 political trials were in progress involving 827 accused.", "E. Political prisoners", "19. It was reported by the representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa that the Joint Scrutiny Committee set up in 1992 for the purposes of identifying political prisoners who qualify for release as political prisoners had the names of 49 persons categorized as prisoners who qualified for release. The Committee had already assessed 13 of them who were still in prison as political prisoners and 17 were still under review. The Human Rights Commission of South Africa lists the remaining 19 as political prisoners and therefore entitled to be considered for indemnity. 1/", "F. Executions", "20. The Working Group was informed that no executions had taken place during the period under consideration, although 302 people were known to be on death row and 29 of them were sentenced to death during the course of 1993 in relation to criminal offenses.", "III. BANTUSTANS", "21. As previously reported on several occasions by the Working Group and according to recent information received from Africa Watch, the Working Group once again emphasizes that under apartheid as originally conceived, all Black South Africans were to lose their South African citizenship and instead become citizens of the so-called \"independent States\" within South Africa's borders. Although all substantial ethnic groups of purely African origin in South Africa were eventually allocated to a particular homeland, the system was never entirely implemented. Many Africans continued to live - legally or illegally - in areas officially designated for Whites only; moreover, only four of the homelands (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei, \"the TBVC States\") ever became nominally independent. The remaining six are known as \"self-governing territories\" and do not have sovereign status within South African law though they do theoretically have a large measure of legislative and executive autonomy. In practice, there has been little difference for their inhabitants between the nominally independent TBVC States and the \"self-governing territories\". Although the Government of South Africa in 1991 repealed the major legislation implementing apartheid within South Africa outside the homelands, the statutes setting up the homelands remain in force.", "22. The reincorporation of the so-called \"homelands\" into the Republic of South Africa has been one of the most contentious points at the multilateral negotiations for a transition to majority rule, which began in 1990. The Government of South African has argued that the reincorporation of some of the \"homelands\" requires the consent of the Governments concerned, because it treats them as sovereign States. In the case of the self-governing territories, the Government of South Africa passed legislation in 1993 that makes provision for the jurisdiction granted to the six \"non-independent\" homelands to be revoked. Nevertheless, this power is to be exercised only \"with the consent or at the request of the Government of the self-governing territory concerned\".", "23. In August 1992, it was reported that the Government of South Africa was planning to give control of an additional 1.2 million hectares of land to the self-governing territories of KwaZulu, QwaQwa and Lebowa. 2/ Further land would also be offered to KaNgwane, KwaNdebele and Gazankulu. According to the Government's own analysis, more than half of this land is already developed and occupied on a permanent basis. Approximately 600,000 hectares of the land was designated for transfer to KwaZulu. According to information received, the Government refused to release details of the exact location of the land affected, which was only publicized after research at the Deeds Office by the Association for Rural Advancement (AFRA), a non-governmental organization involved in development and land issues. The areas affected are spread throughout Natal and include communities that previously opposed incorporation into the homeland. There was an immediate outcry at the transfer proposals from a wide variety of organizations, including the ANC, as well as human rights and development groups. (A joint press release condemning the Government's proposal was released by AFRA, the Black Sash, the Centre for Adult Education of the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Five Freedoms Forum, the Human Rights Commission, Lawyers for Human Rights, the Legal Resources Centre, the Natal Midlands Rural Development Network Executive, the Pietermaritzburg Association for Christian Social Action and the South African Catholic Bishops Conference.)", "24. The land to be transferred was previously held by the South African Development Trust (SADT), a body established by the Development Trust and Land Act of 1936 to hold land intended for eventual incorporation into the homelands. Following the repeal of the Development Trust and Land Act by the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act of 1991, SADT was abolished on 1 April 1992. The land it held was transferred to the Ministry of Regional and Land Affairs (formerly the Department of Development Aid), which is responsible for the self‑governing territories, and it is this land that is now being transferred to homeland control. Although the details of the transfer remain obscure, it was stated by Deputy Minister of Land Affairs Johan Scheepers that the land to be transferred would remain part of South Africa, subject to South African legislation, but that the rendering of services on the land concerned would be a joint venture. It has not been made clear what exactly this joint administration will entail. According to information received in previous cases where land has remained technically part of South Africa but administration has been by a homeland, there has been no practical difference from complete transfer of ownership.", "25. In its 1991 White Paper on Land Reform, the Government of South Africa acknowledged that there was no basis for further incorporation of land into the homelands. During multilateral negotiations in 1992 it was also agreed by all parties, including the Governments of the self-governing territories, that there should be a moratorium on further transfers of land. However, the Government has described the new transfers as \"in accordance with the principles and guidelines contained in the Government's White Paper on Land Reform\", on the grounds that full ownership was not being transferred to the homelands. The transfer of administrative control was a compromise agreed to because the Government had \"come under increasing pressure from the six territories to fulfil the old promises of land transfer\".", "26. While the Governments of Lebowa and QwaQwa agreed to the transfer of joint administrative control under the scheme proposed by the Government, the KwaZulu Government argued that full authority over the land should be transferred to it.", "27. On 1 February 1993, Deputy Minister of Land Affairs Johan Scheepers was reported to have said that the Government would not put a moratorium on the land transfers. In June 1993, two acts (the Regulation of Joint Executive Action Regarding Certain Land Act 109/1993 and the Joint Administration of Certain Matters Act 99/1993) were enacted empowering the State President to give effect to agreements for the joint administration of land outside the self-governing territories. In August 1993, South Africa and KwaZulu announced that a compromise had been reached on the land allocated to KwaZulu. The transfers would go ahead, although KwaZulu would not obtain full authority, South Africa retaining the right to control policing and education, with other services being jointly administered. Two highly sensitive areas, Clermont (a township outside Durban that had previously fought a long battle against incorporation) and Edendale (an area near Pietermaritzburg that has been a centre of bitter violence), would be excluded from the transaction. According to information received, no land has yet been transferred under this agreement.", "28. The Working Group was informed that during the initial period of constitutional negotiations, there had been no adequate reference to or discussion of the question of the homelands.", "IV. FREEDOM OF THE PRESS", "29. The Working Group was informed by a representative of the Anti-Censorship Action Group that there was an increase in attacks on journalists and members of the press corps. She referred to the events during the commemorative meetings and marches for the day of mourning of Chris Hani, as well as instances when attempts were made, on other occasions, to report on or photograph crowds looting shops or indulging in arson. She referred to an attack on a cameraman and a South African Broadcasting Corporation journalist on 23 April 1993, which resulted in the death of the latter. The increase in such events had led to a resolution at the annual congress of the South African Union of Journalists to set up permanent structures with the main political parties to discuss attacks on journalists.", "30. The Working Group also noted that, according to information received after allegations were made of irresponsible press reporting, the Goldstone Commission had requested the Press Council to investigate the role of the media in the current escalation of violence, especially in relation to incidents such as those which took place during a march at Thokoza that ended in the death of 13 people.", "31. Proposals are currently under consideration to reorganize the South African Broadcasting Corporation.", "V. EDUCATION", "32. The representative of the national Children's Rights Committee in the course of her testimony referred to all the encouraging and positive changes that had taken place, in particular the Interim Measure of Local Government Act of 1991, which had been passed to allow local committees to negotiate their own models of non-racial local government until the constitution was finalized. She also referred to the Child Care Amendment Act of 1991, which aimed to enable adoptions of children without racial considerations. She further referred to the Education Affairs Amendment Act of 1992, which was passed to facilitate procedures whereby schools could admit pupils of other races and to the initiation of procedures to desegregate hospitals and eliminate discrimination in the entitlements of pensions which were previously based on race. She said that in spite of those legal changes, the actual situation in areas such as health, education and social welfare had not yet improved because of difficulties associated with availability, affordability and accessibility.", "33. Furthermore, she informed the Working Group that the child population (under 19) in South Africa in 1991 had been recorded as 17,585,922. Children under five years of age in 1991 made up 36 per cent of the total South African population and only 7 per cent of those under five years of age had access to pre-school education and care. The National Education Policy Investigation on Early Childhood Educare had expressed the need to coordinate education, primary health care, social welfare, housing and development programmes to meet the needs of children in an integrated way. Its report also highlighted the tension between the need for effective family and community participation in educare provision and the need to promote national unity and to distribute resources to redress the iniquities of apartheid in terms of an overall development plan. Iniquities in the South African educational system were greatest in respect of educare and basic primary schooling, which perpetuated inequality of performance. In that connection the differential treatment in the provision of educational facilities inherited from the apartheid system remained and no financial provision was made for African children of pre-school age. That practice stemmed from a discriminatory way of budgeting in the educational system, which still maintained the structure of apartheid. The witness stressed the importance of moving beyond legislative changes in terms of a negotiated settlement and undertaking the promotion of a culture of learning and teaching, which had been destroyed. Violence had made access to schools extremely dangerous in affected areas and those African children who did manage to get to schools spent very little time in formal learning.", "34. The representative went on to say that, owing to apartheid structures, which provided for separate discriminatory educational systems based on race, compulsory education at the primary and secondary school level was not provided for all African children and it was a discretionary matter for the different departments, which are governed by their own statutes. She referred to a proposal recently adopted by the Government to introduce compulsory education for at least nine years, for which the State would assume primary responsibility. The National Education Policy Investigation (1992) and the ANC, among others, had made various proposals for restructuring a phased transition of the existing system, which was run under 19 different departments. According to the witness, compulsory primary and junior secondary education would require an additional 125,617 teachers and 11,044 classrooms, the total costs of which would be more than 2 billion rand. To implement compulsory education in the Department of Education and homeland schools, an additional 18,059 teachers would be needed. In view of the natural link with early childhood development programmes, an increase in possible access to primary education would undoubtedly lead to a greater fulfilment of aspirations for higher education. In that context, the representative expressed the need to support the Transitional Executive Council and to encourage it to work closely with democratic structures to achieve acceptable solutions.", "VI. TRADE UNION RIGHTS", "35. It was reported that political changes leading up to the formation of the Transitional Educative Council had had a strong influence on trade union rights and labour laws in South Africa. Several bodies connected with trade union rights bodies had changed their composition and had resulted in multiracial forums. The National Manpower Commission was now constituted as a tripartite multiparty body. Although jobs at the higher level were no longer reserved for the Whites, the situation of Black workers had not changed, since they still did not have access to the necessary training.", "36. The Public Service Act of 1993, which deals with civil servants, was passed in May 1993. However, those positive developments had not yet improved the situation of domestic workers and the estimated 1,000,000 farm workers. It was reported that two bills concerning domestic and farm-workers were still pending before Parliament.", "37. According to information received, numerous arms were in the hands of the civilian population and in particular, under the government scheme of state subsidy, White farmers were heavily armed, which would further complicate the social relationship between farmers and their employees. Employers and workers as such were not participating in the constitutional negotiations and that could undermine workers' rights.", "38. Farm-workers were totally dependent on the owner of the farm for family accommodation and sometimes schooling provided by some farmers. It was reported that that could well prevent the farm-workers from organizing themselves.", "VII. CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS", "39. After agreement during the multilateral talks was reached in early September on the formation of a Transitional Executive Council, the South African Parliament approved it on 23 September 1993. On 24 September 1993, Mr. Nelson Mandela addressed the General Assembly and asked for the removal of economic sanctions against South Africa.", "VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS", "A. Conclusions", "40. The Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts regrets that the Government of South Africa has not permitted the Group to visit the country in order to evaluate the prevailing situation of human rights in South Africa in conformity with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993/9.", "41. The right to life continues to be violated with impunity. In August 1993 alone 554 deaths were recorded as a result of the violence in the country. During the first seven months of 1993, 2,000 people were killed as a result of political violence. As far as the death toll is concerned, there is clearly direct or indirect responsibility of the security forces.", "42. The rise in the death toll after the decision to hold Constituent Assembly elections in April 1994 raises suspicion of deliberate action by certain right‑wing forces to frustrate the democratic process.", "43. Endemic violence constitutes a key element in the South African crisis. According to the different testimonies submitted to the Working Group, it is mainly due to political rivalries and the so-called \"third force\", a clear reference to the role of the police and security forces. It is evident that without an end to the escalation of violence and a much more rapid and efficient preventive action or intervention by the police, this situation will inevitably reduce the chances for peaceful and democratic solution of the political crisis and the total elimination of the system of apartheid.", "44. Detentions without trial under sections 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and under the Unrest Areas Regulations continue to violate individual freedoms in South Africa and should therefore be abolished. The Ad Hoc Working Group is also concerned about detentions without trial in the so-called \"homelands\", particularly in Bophuthatswana.", "45. During the first seven months of 1993, 25 deaths in police custody were recorded. The Ad Hoc Working Group is seriously concerned that deaths in police custody are still taking place in South Africa. It urges the Government of South Africa to ensure that all necessary measures are taken to put a stop to this gross violation of the right to life and in this connection it hopes that the Police Board, which may be operational by the end of 1993, will have a positive role to play.", "46. The system of homelands, which is widely condemned by the international community, is still in force despite the repeal in 1991 of major apartheid laws. It appears, from the steps recently taken to incorporate more land into the so‑called \"self-governing territories\", that the Government of South Africa still intends to perpetuate the Bantustan system. It is also curious that the 1993 law providing for possible revocation of homeland status is conditional upon the consent or request of the Government of the self-governing territory concerned.", "47. The Working Group considers that the whole issue of freedom of the press as well as the question of responsible reporting needs careful attention. Objective assessment and the right of the people to information is a question of particular importance at a time when proposals are under consideration regarding the freedom of expression.", "48. The Working Group notes that there are various factors that have led to attempts to curb the freedom of the press through violent measures. While important and fundamental principles are being decided upon during the current constitutional negotiations, freedom of expression must receive the attention it merits.", "49. The population of children in South Africa in 1991 was recorded as 17,585,922. Compulsory education is not available to Black children. Children of different races are treated differently and are covered by separate departments.", "50. While appreciating the measures already taken to introduce reforms relating to the rights of workers in the agricultural, domestic and public service sectors, the Working Group notes with concern the fact that such measures do not sufficiently conform to the international labour standards governing the tripartite partners all over the world.", "51. The political atmosphere improved significantly after the agreement reached at the multiparty conference on the establishment of a Transitional Executive Council and a previous accord fixing elections for 27 April 1994.", "52. In that context, the Group sees the removal of the trade and economic sanctions against South Africa proposed by Mr. Nelson Mandela as an important step in the process of reintegration of the country into the international community.", "53. However, the hostile stand of the White extreme right and the local authorities in three Bantustans, KwaZulu, Bophuthatswana and Ciskei, the discriminatory behaviour of the security forces in South Africa and the increasing violence throughout the country could jeopardize the proper functioning of the Transitional Executive Council, the forthcoming elections and the reintegration of South Africa into the international community.", "54. The failure of the South African authorities to protect all citizens on an equal footing has resulted in the accumulation in private hands of an enormous amount of weaponry acquired for self-defence.", "B. Recommendations", "55. The government institutions, in particular the South African Police and the Defence Force, should demonstrate greater determination to curb the escalating violence and take responsibility for guaranteeing security to all citizens without discrimination. The right-wing tendencies of some members of the police and army affecting their official activities must be investigated and, where proven, the individuals concerned retired forthwith.", "56. Attempts should be made to educate members of the security forces through retraining of the security personnel in accordance with international standards.", "57. The Ad Hoc Working Group recommends that sections 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and other remaining repressive regulations should be abolished and that similar regulations applicable in the homelands should be scrapped at the same time.", "58. A general amnesty should be given to all those under sentence of death for anti‑apartheid activities that could be regarded as politically motivated.", "59. It is recommended that the death penalty should be abolished immediately and that the sentences of all prisoners on death row should be replaced by other forms of punishment.", "60. The Bantustan system, which was established unilaterally by the Government of South Africa without consultation with the territories concerned, should be speedily abolished without the prerequisite request or consent of the nominally independent homelands or the self-governing territories.", "61. The Group hopes that freedom of expression will be considered by all negotiating parties as one of the fundamental human rights.", "62. While the recently adopted proposal to introduce nine years' compulsory education is laudable, the Government of South Africa should take urgent and deliberate measures to provide the necessary human and material resources. The international community should also assist in this regard.", "63. It is recommended that the Government of South Africa invite ILO to advise on changes to be introduced in order to comply with international labour standards.", "64. Any interim constitution should contain all the recognized international norms in the field of human rights.", "65. With the assumption of responsibility to guarantee public safety without discrimination, the Government should take firm measures for the surrender of all weapons presently in private hands.", "Notes", "1/ E/CN.4/1993/14, paras. 133-138, p. 36.", "2/ See E/CN.4/1993/14, paras. 164-170.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/525", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "Tema 114 c) del programa", "CUESTIONES RELATIVAS A LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS: SITUACIONES", "RELATIVAS A LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS E INFORMES DE RELATORES", "Y REPRESENTANTES ESPECIALES", "Situación de los derechos humanos en Sudáfrica", "Nota del Secretario General", "El Secretario General tiene el honor de transmitir a los miembros de la Asamblea General el informe preliminar sobre la situación de los derechos humanos en Sudáfrica elaborado por el Grupo Especial de Expertos sobre el Africa meridional de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, de conformidad con la resolución 1993/9 de la Comisión, de 26 de febrero de 1993, y con la decisión 1993/257 del Consejo Económico y Social de 28 de julio de 1993.", "Anexo", "INDICE", "Párrafos Página", "I. INTRODUCCION 1 - 10 3", "II. DERECHO A LA VIDA 11 - 20 4", "A. Aumento de la violencia 11 - 12 4", "B. Detención sin juicio 13 - 14 5", "C. Muertes ocurridas durante la detención", "o bajo custodia 15 - 17 6", "D. Juicios políticos 18 7", "E. Presos políticos 19 7", "F. Ejecuciones 20 7", "III. LOS BANTUSTANES 21 - 28 7", "IV. LIBERTAD DE PRENSA 29 - 31 10", "V. EDUCACION 32 - 34 10", "VI. DERECHOS SINDICALES 35 - 38 11", "VII. NEGOCIACIONES CONSTITUCIONALES 39 12", "VIII. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES 40 - 65 12", "A. Conclusiones 40 - 54 12", "B. Recomendaciones 55 - 65 12", "I. INTRODUCCION", "1. En su 49º período de sesiones, la Comisión de Derechos Humanos aprobó la resolución 1993/9 de 26 de febrero de 1993, en la que decidió renovar por otro período de dos años el mandato del Grupo Especial de Expertos sobre el Africa meridional establecido en virtud de la resolución 2 (XXIII) de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, de 6 de marzo de 1967. En la resolución 1993/9, la Comisión pidió al Grupo de Expertos que, entre otras cosas, siguiera examinando la situación relativa a las violaciones de los derechos humanos en Sudáfrica y que presentara un informe provisional y un informe definitivo a la Comisión en sus períodos de sesiones 50º y 51º, respectivamente, y que además presentara informes preliminares a la Asamblea General en sus períodos de sesiones cuadragésimo octavo y cuadragésimo noveno.", "2. El Grupo Especial de Expertos está integrado actualmente por los siguientes seis miembros, que actúan a título personal y son designados por la Comisión de Derechos Humanos: Sr. Mikuin Leliel Balanda (Zaire), Presidente/Relator; Sr. Felix Ermacora (Austria), Vicepresidente; Sr. Armando Entralgo (Cuba); Sr. Elly-Elikunda Mtango (República Unida de Tanzanía); Sr. Zoran Pajic", "(Bosnia y Herzegovina) y Sr. Mulka Govinda Reddy (India).", "3. En su 49º período de sesiones, la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, de conformidad con la resolución 1993/9, pidió al Gobierno de Sudáfrica que autorizara al Grupo Especial de Expertos a visitar Sudáfrica para obtener información de particulares y organizaciones a fin de determinar la situación de los derechos humanos en Sudáfrica.", "4. De conformidad con esta petición, una vez más se estableció contacto con el representante del Gobierno de Sudáfrica y el Subsecretario General envió una solicitud a esos efectos en nombre del Grupo Especial de Expertos el 1º de marzo de 1993 y también se puso en contacto con una delegación de parlamentarios con quienes había celebrado consultas en Ginebra y que habían expresado interés en que se facilitara la visita del Grupo. El 6 de abril de 1993, el Presidente del Grupo Especial de Expertos reiteró, en nombre del Grupo, la petición de visitar Sudáfrica con el fin de examinar el estado de la situación de los derechos humanos en el país. Después de otros encuentros oficiosos, el Representante Permanente del Gobierno de Sudáfrica indicó a la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra que, en vista de la difícil situación reinante en Sudáfrica, no era conveniente que se llevara a cabo esa visita. El Grupo Especial de Expertos deplora la reiterada negativa del Gobierno de Sudáfrica a aceptar las peticiones de la Comisión de que se facilite la visita del Grupo para evaluar la situación reinante en materia de derechos humanos. El Grupo sigue teniendo la esperanza de que las autoridades competentes de Sudáfrica acaten las resoluciones de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos y permitan que el Grupo realice una visita a ese país antes del 50º período de sesiones de la Comisión.", "5. Con el fin de cumplir con su obligación de presentar informes a la Asamblea General y a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, el Grupo Especial de Expertos, en consonancia con la práctica que ha aplicado en el pasado, recogió testimonios fuera de Sudáfrica. Por consiguiente, celebró audiencias en Gaborone del 16 al 19 de agosto de 1993 y en Harare del 20 al 27 de agosto de 1993 con el propósito de reunir datos y recoger testimonios de particulares y organizaciones que tenían una experiencia directa de la situación en Sudáfrica. Los asuntos sobre los que el Grupo Especial de Expertos reunió datos y recogió testimonios fueron los siguientes: las condiciones imperantes después de la derogación de algunas leyes de apartheid (entre otras cosas, sobre salud y educación), el derecho a la vida, la detención y las muertes ocurridas en custodia policial, los casos de torturas y malos tratos, la pena capital y las ejecuciones, la administración de la justicia, los juicios políticos, la detención, la tortura y el maltrato de niños, las actividades sindicales, las negociaciones constitucionales y la situación relacionada con el aumento de la violencia que ha culminado en la muerte de las víctimas.", "6. Durante las reuniones celebradas en Gaborone, se recogieron los testimonios de representantes del Congreso Nacional Africano (ANC), la Junta Independiente de Investigaciones y el Grupo de Acción contra la Censura. También se recogieron testimonios de particulares interesados.", "7. El Grupo Especial de Expertos reunió nuevos datos en Harare suministrados por representantes de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica, la Asociación Nacional de Abogados Democráticos, Abogados pro Derechos Humanos, el ANC, el Centro de Estudios Jurídicos Aplicados de la Universidad de Witwatersrand y particulares interesados.", "8. El Grupo Especial de Expertos recibió testimonios en Ginebra de representantes de la Oficina Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) sobre los recientes acontecimientos relacionados con las leyes sindicales y la situación de los trabajadores negros en Sudáfrica. El informe especial presentado por el Director General de la OIT en la 80ª reunión de la Conferencia Internacional del Trabajo concerniente a la aplicación de la Declaración sobre la Acción contra el Apartheid en Sudáfrica será evaluado por el Grupo Especial de Expertos en el informe definitivo que presentará a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos en", "su 50º período de sesiones.", "9. El Grupo Especial de Expertos recogió testimonios de un total de 15 testigos.", "10. El presente informe, que debe leerse conjuntamente con el informe más reciente que el Grupo Especial de Expertos presentó a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos (E/CN.4/1993/14), constituye una breve evaluación de los principales acontecimientos relacionados con la situación de los derechos humanos en Sudáfrica en el período comprendido entre febrero y septiembre de 1993. Fue aprobado por el Grupo Especial de Expertos el 30 de septiembre de 1993.", "II. DERECHO A LA VIDA", "A. Aumento de la violencia", "11. El Grupo Especial de Expertos señaló que la situación relacionada con la violencia parecía ser muy alentadora a comienzos de 1993 y que el número de muertos y heridos había disminuido apreciablemente. Sin embargo, esa situación empezó a cambiar poco después de iniciarse las negociaciones constitucionales y aumentó el número de muertes, especialmente después que el Foro de Negociación Multipartita decidió que las elecciones se celebrarían el 27 de abril de 1993, lo que condujo a la formación del Consejo Ejecutivo de Transición. Al parecer, la violencia sigue aumentando. Según datos estadísticos publicados por la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica, tan solo en el mes de agosto de 1993 se registraron 554 muertes, la tercera cifra más alta que se ha registrado. Se informó de que la tasa media de muertes al día ascendía a 18, es decir más del doble de la tasa media de muertes de los tres años anteriores. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica informó al Grupo Especial de Expertos de que en disturbios políticos y otros actos de violencia habían muerto 2.000 personas y 3.000 habían resultado heridas en los siete primeros meses de 1993. El testigo dijo que desde agosto de 1992, la violencia se había desplazado desde la zona de Pretoria/Witwatersrand/Vaal a la zona de Natal. Sin embargo, en los últimos meses habían vuelto a registrarse actos de violencia en la primera de esas zonas. De conformidad con la información presentada por el representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica, en el mes de julio de 1993 el número de muertos en esa zona representaba más de la mitad del total de víctimas fatales en todo el país.", "Asesinato de Chris Hani", "12. La violencia originada por razones políticas llegó a su punto culminante con el absurdo asesinato de Chris Hani, Secretario General del Partido Comunista de Sudáfrica, en abril de 1993, el acontecimiento más preocupante de un período caracterizado por los esfuerzos denodados de todas las partes interesadas por lograr un acuerdo negociado que sirviera de marco constitucional para que la mayoría desposeída de Sudáfrica pudiera establecer un gobierno democrático pluripartito. Cuando la posibilidad de un consenso está próxima es inevitable que haya reacciones extremistas en algunos sectores. Por otra parte, cabe señalar que parece haber una intención auténtica de colaborar en pro de la paz y la reconciliación, como lo prueba el hecho de que la rápida intervención de una vecina blanca, del Sr. Hani, haya sido elemento importante en el arresto de un sospechoso de haber cometido ese asesinato. De conformidad con lo señalado por el representante de Abogados pro Derechos Humanos, en los momentos tensos e inestables que se vivieron a continuación, gracias a las estructuras del Acuerdo Nacional de Paz y a los llamamientos formulados por los dirigentes de todos los grupos se pudo impedir que hubiera incidentes violentos durante los funerales. Esto se debió en parte a que los comités nacionales del Acuerdo de Paz podían establecer contactos en el plano local y llevar a cabo la tarea de facilitar y mantener la paz, función de importancia vital dado el aumento de la violencia.", "B. Detención sin juicio", "13. Se informó de que en relación con la artículo 29 de la Ley de Seguridad Interna, en los siete primeros meses de 1993 habían sido detenidas", "117 personas. Cuatro de ellas aún seguían detenidas a fines de julio de 1993. De conformidad con el artículo 50 de la Ley, que prevé 14 días de prisión preventiva, se registraron 74 detenciones. Por otra parte, en ese período no se registraron detenciones en relación con el artículo 31 de la Ley. Asimismo se informó de que aún seguían detenidas 21 personas con arreglo a las disposiciones sobre zonas de disturbios.", "14. De conformidad con la legislación análoga vigente en los territorios patrios, que sigue sin modificarse, se registraron 55 detenciones en Bophuthatswana. El Grupo Especial de Expertos señaló que con arreglo a la información recibida de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica, no había detenciones de este tipo ni en Transkei, ni en Ciskei ni en Venda.", "C. Muertes ocurridas durante la detención o bajo custodia policial", "15. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica, comunicó que en los siete primeros meses de 1993 no se habían registrado muertes de personas detenidas. Sin embargo, en el mismo período, se registraron 25 muertes de personas bajo custodia policial. A esos efectos, el Grupo Especial de Expertos había observado con agrado la información sobre el establecimiento de la Junta Policial en marzo de 1992, con arreglo al Acuerdo Nacional de Paz. Se informó de que la Junta se constituiría en la zona de Witwatersrand/Vaal y se preveía que iniciaría sus funciones a fines de 1993. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica también informó de que los comités locales iban a llevar a cabo inspecciones anunciadas de celdas de la policía, elegidas al azar y que, contando con el acuerdo de la policía y en relación con un programa de visitas, se permitiría que un grupo de civiles inspeccionara las celdas a cualquier hora del día o de la noche con el fin de entrevistar a cualquier preso y de informar al respecto. En todas las comisarías locales se iba a crear un registro policial en que se dejaría constancia de las personas arrestadas y de los datos del lugar en que estaban detenidas. Además, toda esa información estaría a disposición de las personas directamente afectadas por los arrestos o interesadas en ellos.", "16. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica mencionó varias investigaciones que se habían hecho sobre muertes ocurridas bajo custodia policial y se refirió a casos en que después de las investigaciones, se había suspendido de sus funciones a miembros de la policía sudafricana mientras se esperaba el resultado de las investigaciones o la decisión del Fiscal General. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica también señaló a la atención del Grupo Especial de Expertos las decisiones del Fiscal General de enjuiciar a policías involucrados en casos de personas que habían muerto mientras se encontraban bajo custodia policial.", "17. En el Boletín Informativo de Amnistía Internacional de septiembre de 1993, se comunicó que en julio, el Fiscal General de Witwatersrand había hecho el inusitado anuncio de que un teniente de policía iba a ser acusado del asesinato de Bethuel Maphumulo que había resultado muerto mientras estaba en custodia policial en 1990. Se informó además de que la decisión de entablar juicio se había tomado en la víspera de una campaña iniciada por la familia Maphumulo, los abogados y algunos activistas de derechos humanos que habían luchado durante más de dos años tratando de convencer a las autoridades para que formularan acusaciones contra el oficial de policía acusado de ser el responsable de la muerte. Se comunicó que se había previsto que la Corte Suprema dictaminaría sobre la materia.", "D. Juicios políticos", "18. De conformidad con la información recibida por el Grupo Especial de Expertos, se siguen realizando juicios políticos con arreglo a la Ley de Seguridad Interior. Durante el período comprendido entre enero y junio de 1993, se informó de que se habían realizado 90 juicios en los que habían participado 860 acusados. De estos, 145 fueron declarados culpables, 211 fueron exculpados, se retiraron las acusaciones contra 403 personas y 79 se declararon culpables y fueron multadas. Veintiuna de esas personas se fugaron y a una se le concedió indemnización. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica informó asimismo de que a fines de julio de 1993 había 81 juicios políticos contra 827 acusados.", "E. Presos políticos", "19. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica comunicó que el Comité Mixto de Verificación, establecido en 1992 con el objeto de determinar qué presos políticos cumplían las condiciones para salir en libertad, tenía una lista de 49 personas clasificadas en la categoría de los que cumplían con esas condiciones. El Comité había terminado de examinar los casos de 13 de esos presos que aún permanecían encarcelados en calidad de presos políticos y aún seguía examinado los casos de 17 personas. La Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica ha clasificado a las 19 restantes de la lista como presos políticos y, por consiguiente, con derecho a que se considere la posibilidad de concederles una indemnización¹.", "F. Ejecuciones", "20. Se comunicó al Grupo Especial de Expertos que, durante el período que se examinaba, no se habían llevado a cabo ejecuciones, aunque se sabía que había 302 personas que aguardaban su ejecución y que 29 de ellas habían sido condenadas a muerte en 1993 por delitos penales.", "III. LOS BANTUSTANES", "21. Como el Grupo Especial de Expertos ha informado anteriormente en diversas oportunidades, y - según información reciente del Africa Watch -, ha vuelto a hacerlo, con arreglo a la concepción original del apartheid, todos los sudafricanos negros perderían su ciudadanía sudafricana y se convertirían en ciudadanos de los \"Estados independientes\" dentro de las fronteras de Sudáfrica. Aunque todos los grupos étnicos principales de origen puramente africano de Sudáfrica fueron en definitiva asignados a un determinado territorio patrio, el sistema nunca se aplicó completamente. Muchos africanos siguen viviendo, legítima o ilegítimamente, en zonas destinadas oficialmente sólo para blancos; más aún, sólo cuatro de los territorios patrios (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda y Ciskei) llegaron a ser nominalmente independientes. Los seis restantes son \"territorios autónomos\" y no tienen la condición de Estados soberanos con arreglo a la legislación sudafricana aunque en teoría gozan de considerable autonomía en las esferas legislativa y ejecutiva. En la práctica, para sus habitantes ha habido poca diferencia entre los Estados nominalmente independientes y los \"territorios autónomos\". Aunque el Gobierno de Sudáfrica derogó en 1991 las leyes más importantes relacionadas con la aplicación del apartheid dentro de Sudáfrica, pero fuera de los territorios patrios, aún siguen en vigor los estatutos con que se establecieron los territorios patrios.", "22. La reincorporación de los llamados \"territorios patrios\" en la República de Sudáfrica ha sido uno de los aspectos más controvertidos de las negociaciones multilaterales para la transición a un gobierno mayoritario, que comenzaron en 1990. El Gobierno de Sudáfrica ha sostenido que la reincorporación de algunos de esos \"territorios patrios\" exige el consentimiento de los gobiernos interesados, ya que Sudáfrica los trata como si fuesen Estados soberanos. En el caso de los territorios autónomos, el Gobierno de Sudáfrica aprobó en 1993 leyes en las que se preveía la revocación de la jurisdicción otorgada a los cinco territorios \"no independientes\". Sin embargo, ese poder ha de ejercerse sólo \"con el consentimiento del Gobierno del territorio autónomo correspondiente o a petición de éste\".", "23. En agosto de 1992 se informó de que el Gobierno de Sudáfrica había previsto ceder a los territorios autónomos de KwaZulu, QwaQwa y Lebowa el dominio de l,2 millones de hectáreas de tierras adicionales². También se ofrecerían tierras a KaNgwane, KwaNdebele y Gazankulu. Según un análisis del propio Gobierno, más de la mitad de esa tierra está ya explotada y ocupada sobre una base permanente. Se había previsto que aproximadamente 600.000 hectáreas de esas tierras se traspasarían a KwaZulu. Según información recibida, el Gobierno se había negado a proporcionar detalles sobre la ubicación exacta de las tierras que había de cederse, que sólo se hicieron públicos después de las investigaciones que realizó en la Oficina de Escrituras Públicas por la Asociación para el Adelanto Rural, organización no gubernamental que se ocupaba de cuestiones de tierras y desarrollo. Las zonas afectadas están extendidas por todo Natal e incluyen comunidades que anteriormente se oponían a su incorporación en el territorio patrio. Ante las propuestas de transferencia, hubo una protesta inmediata de una gran variedad de organizaciones, incluidos el ANC y grupos de desarrollo y derechos humanos. (Un comunicado de prensa conjunto en que se condena la propuesta del Gobierno fue emitido por la Asociación para el Adelanto Rural, Black Sash, el Centro de Educación para Adultos de la Universidad de Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Five Freedoms Forum, la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, Abogados pro Derechos Humanos, el Centro de Recursos Jurídicos, The Natal Midlands Rural Development Network Executive, The Pietermaritzburg Association for Christian Social Action y la Conferencia de Obispos Católicos de Sudáfrica.)", "24. La tierra que ha de ser traspasada estaba anteriormente en manos del Fondo Fiduciario de Desarrollo de Sudáfrica, organismo encargado de la tenencia de las tierras que en definitiva, se cederían a los territorios patrios, y que había sido establecido con arreglo a las leyes relativas a la propiedad de la tierra y a la Ley fiduciaria de desarrollo de 1936. Después de la revocación de estas leyes mediante la Ley sobre la abolición de medidas relativas a la tenencia de tierras basadas en criterios raciales de 1991, se abolió el Fondo Fiduciario de Desarrollo de Sudáfrica el 1º de abril de 1992. La tierra que estaba en su poder se traspasó al Ministerio de Tierras y Asuntos Regionales (ex Departamento de Asistencia para el Desarrollo), que se ocupa de los territorios autónomos, y es ésa la tierra cuyo dominio se ha traspasado, en estos momentos, a los territorios patrios. Aunque los detalles de la transferencia no se conocen con exactitud, el Ministro Adjunto de Tierras Johan Scheepers señaló que la tierra que se ha de traspasar seguiría formando parte de Sudáfrica, y estaría sujeta a la legislación sudafricana, pero que la prestación de servicios relacionada con esa tierra sería una operación conjunta. No se ha especificado claramente lo que entraña esta administración conjunta Según la información recibida, en casos anteriores, en que la tierra ha seguido formando parte de Sudáfrica pero la administración ha corrido por cuenta de un territorio patrio, prácticamente no ha habido diferencia entre este sistema y una transferencia completa de la propiedad.", "25. En su Libro Blanco sobre la Reforma de la Propiedad de la Tierra de 1991, el Gobierno de Sudáfrica reconoció que no existía ninguna base para la incorporación futura de tierras en los territorios patrios. Durante las negociaciones multilaterales de 1992, todas las partes, incluidos los gobiernos de los territorios autónomos, acordaron que debería haber una moratoria a las transferencias futuras de tierras. Sin embargo, el Gobierno ha determinado que las nuevas transferencias se ajustan a los principios y directrices que figuran en el Libro Blanco del Gobierno sobre la Reforma de la Propiedad de la Tierra, sobre la base de que la propiedad absoluta no ha sido transferida a los territorios patrios. La transferencia del control interno fue una fórmula conciliatoria a la que se llegó debido a que el Gobierno \"había estado\" sometido a una presión cada vez mayor por parte de los seis territorios para que se cumpliera la antigua promesa de la transferencia de tierras.", "26. Aunque los Gobiernos de Lebowa y QwaQwa aceptaron la transferencia de un control interno mixto con arreglo al proyecto propuesto por el Gobierno, el Gobierno de KwaZulu sostuvo que se debería transferir al territorio la autoridad irrestricta sobre la tierra.", "27. El 1º de febrero de 1993 se informó de que el Ministro Adjunto de Tierras Johan Scheepers había dicho que el Gobierno no aplicaría una moratoria a las transferencias de tierra. En junio de 1993, se promulgaron dos leyes (la ley 109/1993 sobre la reglamentación de medidas administrativas conjuntas relacionadas con determinadas tierras y la Ley 99/1993 sobre la administración conjunta de determinadas cuestiones) por las que se facultó al Presidente del Estado a que hiciera efectivos los acuerdos para la administración conjunta de la tierra que no quedara comprendida en los territorios autónomos. En agosto de 1993, Sudáfrica y KwaZulu anunciaron que se había logrado una fórmula de conciliación sobre la tierra habilitada para KwaZulu. Se proseguiría con la transferencia si bien no se concedería a KwaZulu una autoridad irrestricta, Sudáfrica conservaría el derecho de controlar el sistema de educación y el policial, y los demás servicios se administrarían en conjunto. Quedarían excluidas de la transacción dos regiones sumamente delicadas, Clermont (barriada ubicada en los aledaños de Durban que había resistido durante mucho tiempo la incorporación) y Endale (zona cercana a Pietermaritzburg que había sido centro de enorme violencia). Según información recibida, aún no se han transferido tierras en relación con este acuerdo.", "28. Se informó al Grupo Especial de Expertos de que en la etapa inicial de las negociaciones constitucionales no se había mencionado ni examinado debidamente la cuestión de los territorios patrios.", "IV. LIBERTAD DE PRENSA", "29. Una representante del Grupo de Acción contra la Censura informó al Grupo Especial de Expertos de que habían aumentado los ataques a los periodistas y a los miembros de la prensa. Se refirió a los sucesos ocurridos durante las reuniones y manifestaciones que se habían realizado el día de duelo por Chris Hani y mencionó ejemplos de otras ocasiones en que se había tratado de fotografiar a grupos que saqueaban negocios o provocaban incendios o de informar al respecto. Mencionó un ataque perpetrado contra un fotógrafo y un periodista de la Radio y Televisión Sudafricanas el 23 de abril de 1993 en el que resultó muerto el periodista. El aumento de esos ataques había culminado en una resolución adoptada en el Congreso Anual del Sindicato Sudafricano de Periodistas de establecer estructuras permanentes con los partidos políticos principales a fin de examinar los ataques perpetrados a los periodistas.", "30. El Grupo Especial de Expertos también señaló que con arreglo a información recibida después de haberse formulado denuncias por presentación de informes de prensa poco serios, la Comisión Goldstone había pedido al Consejo de Prensa que investigara el papel que habían tenido los medios de comunicación en el presente incremento de los actos de violencia, sobre todo respecto de incidentes como los que habían ocurrido durante una manifestación en Thokoza, habían culminado en la muerte de 13 personas.", "31. En la actualidad se examinan las propuestas para reorganizar la empresa de Radio y Televisión Sudafricanas.", "V. EDUCACION", "32. Durante su testimonio la representante del Comité Nacional de Derechos del Niño, mencionó todos los cambios alentadores y positivos que habían ocurrido en particular la Ley de 1991 sobre medidas provisionales de gobierno local que había sido promulgada para que los comités locales pudieran negociar sus propios modelos de gobierno local sin distinción de razas hasta que se hubiese terminado de preparar la constitución. También mencionó la enmienda a la ley sobre el cuidado de los niños, de 1991, encaminada a permitir la adopción de niños sin que mediaran consideraciones raciales y se refirió asimismo a la enmienda a la Ley de asuntos de educación de 1992 que se había aprobado para facilitar los procedimientos encaminados a que las escuelas pudieran admitir a alumnos de otras razas, se iniciaran procedimientos encaminados a la eliminación de la segregación en los hospitales y de la discriminación en los derechos de pensiones, que anteriormente se reconocían sobre la base de consideraciones raciales. Dijo que a pesar de esos cambios jurídicos, aún no había mejorado la situación actual en las esferas de la salud, la educación y el bienestar social, debido a las dificultades relacionadas con cuestiones de disponibilidad de capacidad de pago y acceso.", "33. Además, la representante informó al Grupo Especial de Expertos de que en 1991, la población de niños y adolescentes de Sudáfrica (menores de 19 años) ascendía a 17.585.922. En 1991, los niños menores de 5 años representaban el 36% del total de la población de Sudáfrica y sólo el 7% de ese grupo tenía acceso a educación y servicios preescolares. En el programa nacional de investigación sobre políticas educacionales de la primera infancia (Educare),", "se había expresado la necesidad de coordinar los programas de educación, atención primaria de la salud, bienestar social, vivienda y desarrollo para satisfacer las necesidades de los niños de forma integrada. En el informe también se había destacado la oposición entre las necesidad de una participación familiar y comunitaria efectiva para la aplicación del programa Educare y la necesidad de promover la unidad nacional y de distribuir los recursos para reparar las injusticias del apartheid dentro de un plan de desarrollo general. Las injusticias del sistema educacional sudafricano alcanzaban su expresión máxima en la educación de la primera infancia y la enseñanza primaria básica, que perpetuaban la desigualdad de los rendimientos. A ese respecto, seguía existiendo las diferencias heredadas del sistema de apartheid en la asignación de los locales de enseñanza y no se había previsto disposiciones financieras para los niños africanos en edades preescolares. Esa práctica se deriva de la forma discriminatoria como se preparaba el presupuesto en el sistema educacional, que aún mantenía la estructura de apartheid. La representante subrayó la importancia de no limitarse, en un acuerdo negociado a los cambios legislativos y la tarea de promover la tradición de aprendizaje y enseñanza, que se había destruido. La violencia había tornado sumamente peligroso el acceso a las escuelas en las zonas afectadas e incluso era muy poco el tiempo que se dedicaba a la instrucción formal de los niños africanos que lograban llegar a la escuela.", "34. La representante dijo a continuación que debido a las estructuras del apartheid que preveían sistemas de enseñanza separados y discriminatorios basados en las diferencias de razas, la enseñanza obligatoria primaria y secundaria no estaba prevista para todos los niños africanos y quedaba a discreción de los diversos departamentos, que se regían por sus propios estatutos. La representante mencionó la propuesta que el gobierno acababa de aprobar encaminada a introducir durante un período mínimo de nueve años la enseñanza obligatoria que correría principalmente por cuenta del Estado. El programa nacional de investigación sobre políticas educacionales (1992) y el ANC, entre otros, habían formulado diversas propuesta para dar estructura", "a una transición gradual del sistema existente, cuya aplicación correspondían", "a 19 departamentos distintos. A juicio de la representante, para llevar a cabo los planes de enseñanza obligatoria primaria y secundaria elemental se necesitarían 125.617 maestros más y otras 11.044 aulas cuyos costos totales superarían los 2.000 millones de rand. Para aplicar el plan de enseñanza obligatoria en el Departamento de Educación y en las escuelas de los territorios patrios, se necesitarían 18.059 maestros más. Habida cuenta del vínculo natural de los programas de desarrollo de la primera infancia con la enseñanza primaria, el aumento de la posibilidades de acceso a ésta conduciría sin lugar a dudas a una mayor realización de las aspiraciones de acceso a una enseñanza superior. En ese contexto, la representante expresó la necesidad de que se prestara asistencia al Consejo Ejecutivo de Transición y se le alentara a colaborar en estrecho contacto con las estructuras democráticas para lograr soluciones aceptables.", "VI. DERECHOS SINDICALES", "35. Se informó de que los cambios políticos conducentes a la formación del Consejo Ejecutivo de Transición habían tenido una enorme influencia en los derechos sindicales y las leyes sociales de Sudáfrica. Varios organismos conectados con las cuestiones de derechos sindicales habían modificado su composición y se habían convertido en foros multirraciales. La Comisión Nacional del Trabajo estaba ahora constituido como órganos tripartito pluripartidista. Aunque los puestos en los niveles más altos no se seguían reservando a los blancos, la situación de los trabajadores negros no había cambiado, puesto que seguían sin acceso a la capacitación necesaria.", "36. La ley de Administración Pública de 1993 que trata de los funcionarios fue aprobada en mayo de 1993. Sin embargo, esos acontecimientos positivos aún no han logrado mejorar ni la situación de los trabajadores domésticos ni de los trabajadores agrícolas cuyo número asciende aproximadamente a un millón. Se informó de que aún seguían pendientes en el Parlamento dos leyes relacionadas con los trabajadores domésticos y agrícolas.", "37. Según la información recibida, había numerosas armas en poder de la población civil y, en particular, con arreglo al programa de subsidio estatal, los agricultores blancos estaban fuertemente armados, lo que complicaba aún más la relación social entre los agricultores y sus empleados. Los empleadores y los trabajadores no habían participado en las negociaciones constitucionales en calidad de tales lo cual podría socavar los derechos de estos últimos.", "38. Los trabajadores agrícolas dependían totalmente del propietario de la granja en lo concerniente a las viviendas para sus familias. En algunos casos, además la institución escolar corría por cuenta de los agricultores, circunstancia ésta que, según se informó, podrá impedir que los trabajadores agrícolas pudieran organizarse por sí mismos.", "VII. NEGOCIACIONES CONSTITUCIONALES", "39. Después de llegar, a comienzos de septiembre, a un acuerdo en las conversaciones multilaterales sobre la formación de un Consejo Ejecutivo de Transición, el Parlamento sudafricano aprobó la medida el 23 de septiembre de 1993. El 24 de septiembre de 1993, el Sr. Nelson Mandela pronunció un discurso ante la Asamblea General y pidió que se levantaran las sanciones económicas impuestas a Sudáfrica.", "VIII. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES", "A. Conclusiones", "40. El Grupo Especial de Expertos deplora que el Gobierno de Sudáfrica no le haya permitido realizar una visita al país para evaluar la situación de derechos humanos imperante en Sudáfrica, de conformidad con la resolución 1993/9 de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos.", "41. Se sigue violando impunemente el derecho a la vida. Tan sólo en agosto de 1993 se registraron 554 muertes como consecuencia de la violencia en el país. En los siete primeros meses de 1993, 2.000 personas resultaron muertas en actos de violencia política. Existe una clara responsabilidad directa o indirecta, de las fuerzas de seguridad respecto de estas bajas.", "42. El aumento en el número de víctimas fatales que se ha producido con posterioridad a la decisión de celebrar elecciones para formar la Asamblea Constituyente en abril de 1994 despierta sospechas de que haya habido actos deliberados de parte de algunas fuerzas de extrema derecha para frustrar el proceso democrático.", "43. La violencia endémica es un elemento clave en la crisis sudafricana. Según los diversos testimonios presentados al Grupo Especial de Expertos, esa violencia es principalmente producto de rivalidades políticas y de que se ha dado en la llamada \"tercera fuerza\", en clara referencia a las funciones de la policía y las fuerzas de seguridad. Es evidente que si no se pone fin al aumento de la violencia y si la policía no adopta medidas de prevención o de intervención más rápidas y eficaces, disminuirán inevitablemente las posibilidades de lograr una solución pacífica y democrática de la crisis política y de erradicar totalmente el sistema de apartheid.", "44. Las detenciones sin juicio con arreglo a los artículos 29 y 50 de la Ley de Seguridad Interior y con arreglo a las disposiciones sobre zonas de disturbios, siguen contraviniendo las libertades individuales en Sudáfrica y, por consiguiente, deberían ser abolidas. Al Grupo Especial de Expertos también le preocupan las detenciones sin juicio realizadas en los territorios patrios, sobre todo en Bophuthatswana.", "45. En los siete primeros meses de 1993 se registraron 25 muertes de personas bajo custodia policial. El Grupo Especial de Expertos está profundamente preocupado por que en Sudáfrica aún haya personas que mueren mientras se encuentran bajo custodia policial. El Grupo insta al Gobierno de Sudáfrica a velar por que se adopten todas las medidas necesarias para poner fin a esta escandalosa violación del derecho a la vida y expresa la esperanza de que la Junta Policial, que es posible que inicie sus funciones a fines de 1993, desempeñe un papel positivo a esos efectos.", "46. Aún sigue vigente el sistema de territorios patrios que ha merecido una condena general de la comunidad internacional, a pesar de la derogación de importantes leyes de apartheid en 1991. A juzgar por las medidas recientemente adoptadas de incorporar más tierras a los llamados \"territorios autónomos\" parece que el Gobierno de Sudáfrica aún tiene la intención de perpetuar el sistema de bantustanes. Asimismo es extraño que en virtud de la Ley de 1993, la posibilidad de que se revoque el estatuto de los territorios patrios dependa del consentimiento o la petición del Gobierno del territorio autónomo pertinente.", "47. El Grupo Especial de Expertos considera que hay que examinar cuidadosamente toda la cuestión de la libertad de prensa y del cumplimiento responsable de la función informativa. La objetividad en la evaluación y el derecho de las personas a la información son cuestiones que revisten importancia especial en momentos que se examinan propuestas relacionadas con la libertad de expresión.", "48. El Grupo observa que hay diversos factores que han conducido a que se trate de poner freno a la libertad de la prensa mediante la aplicación de medidas violentas. En circunstancias en que por conducto de las negociaciones constitucionales se adoptan decisiones sobre principios fundamentales e importantes, es necesario que se conceda a la libertad de expresión la importancia que le corresponde.", "49. En 1991 la población de niños y adolescentes menores de 19 años de edad de Sudáfrica ascendía 17.585.922. Los niños negros no tienen acceso a la enseñanza obligatoria. A los niños de razas diferentes se les aplican tratos diferentes de los que se encargan departamentos separados.", "50. Si bien reconoce las medidas que se han adoptado para introducir reformas relacionadas con los derechos de los trabajadores en los sectores agrícola, doméstico y público, el Grupo Especial de Expertos observa con preocupación que esas medidas no se ajustan suficientemente a las normas internacionales del trabajo por las que se rigen las asociaciones tripartitas de todo el mundo.", "51. El ambiente político mejoró apreciablemente después del acuerdo concertado en la Conferencia Multipartita sobre el establecimiento de un Consejo Ejecutivo de Transición y de un acuerdo anterior sobre la fijación de la fecha de elecciones para el 27 de abril de 1994.", "52. En ese contexto, el Grupo estima que el levantamiento de las sanciones comerciales y económicas impuestas a Sudáfrica, como propuso el Sr. Nelson Mandela, constituye un paso importante para el proceso de reincorporación del país en la comunidad internacional.", "53. Sin embargo, la actitud hostil de la extrema derecha blanca y de las autoridades locales en tres bantustanes, KwaZulu, Bophuthatswana y Ciskei, el comportamiento discriminatorio de las fuerzas de seguridad en Sudáfrica y el aumento de la violencia en todo el país podrían poner en peligro el funcionamiento adecuado del Consejo Ejecutivo de Transición, las próximas elecciones y la reincorporación de Sudáfrica en la comunidad internacional.", "54. El hecho de que las autoridades sudafricanas no protejan por igual a todos los ciudadanos ha traído por consecuencia la acumulación de una enorme cantidad de armas adquiridas por razones de autodefensa en manos de particulares .", "B. Recomendaciones", "55. Las instituciones gubernamentales, en particular la Fuerza de Defensa de Sudáfrica y la policía sudafricana deberían dar pruebas de una mayor decisión para poner freno al aumento de la violencia y asumir la responsabilidad de garantizar la seguridad de todos los ciudadanos sin discriminación. Se deben investigar las tendencias de extrema derecha de algunos miembros de la policía y del ejército que afectan a sus actividades oficiales y en los casos en que encuentren pruebas se deberá proceder a dar de baja inmediatamente a esas personas.", "56. Se debería tratar de formar a los miembros de la fuerza de seguridad proporcionándoles una reorientación profesional que se ajuste a las normas internacionales.", "57. El Grupo Especial de Expertos recomienda la abolición de los artículos 29 y 50 de la Ley de Seguridad Interior y otras disposiciones represivas que aún están vigentes; y que al mismo tiempo se descarten disposiciones análogas aplicables en los territorios patrios.", "58. Se debería conceder una amnistía general a las personas condenadas a muerte por haber realizado actividades contra el apartheid que podrían considerarse motivadas por consideraciones políticas.", "59. Se recomienda que se proceda a la abolición inmediata de la pena de muerte y que las sentencias de todos los condenados a muerte se reemplacen por otras formas de castigo.", "60. El sistema de bantustanes, que estableció unilateralmente el Gobierno de Sudáfrica sin celebrar consultas con los territorios interesados, se debería abolir rápidamente sin necesidad de pedir la autorización o el consentimiento de los territorios nominalmente independientes o de los territorios autónomos.", "61. El Grupo espera que todas las partes negociadoras consideren que la libertad de expresión es uno de los derechos humanos fundamentales.", "62. Aunque la propuesta recientemente adoptada de aplicar el sistema de enseñanza obligatoria de nueve años, sea loable, el Gobierno de Sudáfrica debería adoptar medidas urgentes y ponderadas para suministrar los recursos humanos y materiales que fuesen necesarios. A esos efectos, también debería prestar asistencia la comunidad internacional.", "63. Se recomienda que el Gobierno de Sudáfrica invite a la OIT a prestar asesoramiento sobre los cambios que se han de introducir con el fin de cumplir con las normas internacionales del trabajo.", "64. En cualquier constitución provisional deberían consignarse todas las normas internacionales reconocidas en la esfera de los derechos humanos.", "65. Junto con asumir la responsabilidad de garantizar la seguridad pública sin discriminación, el Gobierno debería adoptar medidas firmes para incautarse de todas las armas que en la actualidad están en manos de particulares.", "Notas", "¹ E/CN.4/1993/14, párrs. 133 a 138, págs. 32 y 33.", "² Véase E/CN.4/1993/14, párrs. 165 a 170, págs. 40 y 41.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/525", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (c)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATIONS AND REPORTS", "OF SPECIAL RAPPORTEURS AND REPRESENTATIVES", "Situation of human rights in South Africa", "Note by the Secretary-General", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly the preliminary report on the situation of human rights in South Africa prepared by the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on southern Africa of the Commission on Human Rights in accordance with Commission resolution 1993/9 of 26 February 1993 and Economic and Social Council decision 1993/257 of 28 July 1993.", "93-57188 (E) 121193 /...", "ANNEX", "CONTENTS", "Paragraphs Page", "I. INTRODUCTION ......................................... 1 - 10 3", "II. RIGHT TO LIFE ....................................... 11 - 20 4", "A. Escalation of violence ........................... 11 - 12 4", "B. Detention without trial .......................... 13 - 14 5", "C. Death in detention and police custody ............ 15 - 17 5", "D. Political trials ................................. 18 6", "E. Political prisoners .............................. 19 6", "F. Executions ....................................... 20 7", "III. BANTUSTANS ........................................... 21 - 28 7", "IV. FREEDOM OF THE PRESS ................................. 29 - 31 9", "V. EDUCATION ............................................ 32 - 34 9", "VI. TRADE UNION RIGHTS ................................... 35 - 38 11", "VII. CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS ......................... 39 11", "VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................... 40 - 65 11", "A. Conclusions ...................................... 40 - 54 11", "B. Recommendations .................................. 55 - 65 13", "I. INTRODUCTION", "1. The Commission on Human Rights, at its forty-ninth session, adopted resolution 1993/9 of 26 February 1993, in which it decided to renew for a further period of two years the mandate of the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on southern Africa, established pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 2 (XXIII) of 6 March 1967. In resolution 1993/9 the Commission requested the Working Group, inter alia, to continue to examine the situation regarding the violations of human rights in South Africa and to submit an interim and a final report to the Commission at its fiftieth and fifty-first sessions, respectively, and preliminary reports to the General Assembly at its forty-eighth and forty-ninth sessions.", "2. The Working Group is currently composed of the following six members, serving in their personal capacity and appointed by the Commission on Human Rights: Mr. Mikuin Leliel Balanda (Zaire), Chairman/Rapporteur; Mr. Felix Ermacora (Austria), Vice-Chairman; Mr. Armando Entralgo (Cuba); Mr. Elly-Elikunda Mtango (United Republic of Tanzania); Mr. Zoran Paji_ (Bosnia and Herzegovina); and Mr. Mulka Govinda Reddy (India).", "3. The Commission on Human Rights, at its forty-ninth session, in accordance with resolution 1993/9, requested the Government of South Africa to allow the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts to visit that country to gather information from concerned individuals and organizations in order to ascertain the situation of human rights in South Africa.", "4. In pursuance of that request, once again, the representative of the Government of South Africa was approached. The Assistant Secretary-General, on behalf of the Working Group, addressed a request on 1 March 1993. A delegation of Members of Parliament, who had had consultations with the Assistant Secretary-General at Geneva and had expressed their interest in facilitating a visit by the Working Group, was also approached by him. On 6 April 1993, the Chairman of the Working Group further renewed the request on behalf of the Group for a visit to South Africa in order to ascertain the situation of human rights in that country. Further informal contacts resulted in an indication from the Permanent Representative of the Government of South Africa to the United Nations Office at Geneva that the visit was not considered advisable given the present delicate situation in the country. The Working Group regrets the consistent failure of the Government of South Africa to respect the requests of the Commission to facilitate the Group's visit in order to evaluate the prevailing situation of human rights. The Group continues to hope that the competent authorities in South Africa will concede to the resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights and allow a visit before the fiftieth session of the Commission.", "5. In order to fulfil their reporting responsibilities to the General Assembly and the Human Rights Commission, the Working Group, in keeping with past practice, heard testimonies outside South Africa. The Group conducted hearings at Gaborone from 16 to 19 August 1993 and at Harare from 20 to 27 August 1993 for the purpose of receiving evidence and hearing testimony from individuals and organizations having first-hand experience with the situation in South Africa. The topics on which the Working Group received evidence and heard testimony were the following: conditions after the repeal of certain apartheid legislation (including health and education), right to life, detention and deaths in police custody, cases of torture and ill-treatment, capital punishment and executions, administration of justice, political trials, detention, torture and ill-treatment of children, trade union activities, constitutional negotiations and the situation regarding the escalating violence resulting in deaths.", "6. During the course of meetings held at Gaborone, testimony was heard from representatives of the African National Congress (ANC), the Independent Board of Inquiry and the Anti-Censorship Action Group. Testimony was also given by concerned individuals.", "7. The Working Group gathered further evidence at Harare from representatives of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, the National Association of Democratic Lawyers, Lawyers for Human Rights, the ANC, the Centre for Applied Legal Studies of the University of Witwatersrand and concerned individuals.", "8. The Working Group received testimony at Geneva from representatives of the International Labour Office (ILO) regarding the recent development with respect to trade union law and the situation of Black workers in South Africa. The special report of the Director‑General of ILO to the eightieth session of the International Labour Conference on the application of the Declaration concerning Action Against Apartheid in South Africa will be evaluated by the Working Group in its final report to the Commission on Human Rights at its fiftieth session.", "9. The Working Group heard testimony from a total of 15 witnesses.", "10. The present report, which should be read in conjunction with the Working Group's latest report to the Commission on Human Rights (E/CN.4/1993/14), is a brief evaluation of the principal developments of the human rights situation in South Africa between February and September 1993. It was adopted by the Working Group on 30 September 1993.", "II. RIGHT TO LIFE", "A. Escalation of violence", "11. The Working Group noted that the situation regarding violence appeared to be very encouraging in the initial months of 1993 and that deaths and injuries had diminished considerably. However, the situation began to change soon after constitutional negotiations began and the death-toll rose, especially after the Multiparty Negotiating Forum decided that elections would take place on 27 April 1993, leading to the formation of the Transitional Executive Committee. It would appear that violence continues to escalate. According to statistics published by the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, 554 deaths were recorded in August 1993 alone, the third highest figure recorded. It was reported that the average daily death rate came to 18, which was more than double the average death rate for the previous three years. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa informed the Working Group that 2,000 people had been killed in political and other violence during the first seven months of 1993 and close to 3,000 had been injured. The witness said that since August 1992 the violence had shifted from the Pretoria/Witwatersrand/Vaal area to the Natal region. In recent months, however, the violence returned to the former area. According to the information submitted by the representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, the deaths in that area during July 1993 accounted for more than half the national death toll.", "Assassination of Chris Hani", "12. Politically motivated violence achieved its peak in the senseless assassination of Chris Hani, the Secretary-General of the South African Communist Party, in April 1993, the most disturbing event at a time when such strenuous efforts had been undertaken by all parties concerned to reach a negotiated settlement for a constitutional framework that would allow the deprived majority of South Africa to establish a multiparty democratic government. As progress is made towards a consensus, extremist reactions are inevitable from some quarters. On the other hand, it must be noted that there appears to be a genuine attempt to work towards peace and reconciliation evidenced by the fact that a White woman, a neighbour of Mr. Hani, was instrumental in the arrest of a suspect in his murder thanks to her speedy intervention. According to the representative of Lawyers for Human Rights, during the tense and volatile situations that followed, it was through the structures of the National Peace Accord, as well as appeals from the leaders of all groups, that violent incidents were prevented during the funeral ceremonies. This was due in part to the fact that the National Peace Accord committees are in a position to establish contact at the local level as well as undertake the task of facilitating and maintaining peace, a role that is vital, in the face of the increasing violence.", "B. Detention without trial", "13. It was reported that 117 people had been detained during the first seven months of 1993 under section 29 of the Internal Security Act. Four of them were still in detention at the end of July 1993. Under section 50 of the Act, which allows for 14 days' preventive detention, 74 detentions were recorded. On the other hand, no detentions were recorded during that period under section 31 of the Act. It was further reported that 21 people were still being held under the Unrest Areas Regulations.", "14. Under equivalent legislation in the so-called \"homelands\", which remains unchanged, 55 detentions were recorded in Bophuthatswana. The Working Group noted that according to information received from the Human Rights Commission of South Africa no such detentions were recorded in Transkei, Ciskei and Venda.", "C. Death in detention and police custody", "15. According to the representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa, no deaths in detention were recorded during the first seven months of 1993. However, during the same period, 25 deaths while in police custody were recorded. In this connection, the Working Group was pleased to note the reported establishment in March 1992 under the National Peace Accord of the Police Board. It was reported that the Board was to be launched in the Witwatersrand/Vaal area and was expected to be operational by the end of 1993. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa further reported that local committees were to conduct announced spot checks on police cells and that, with the agreement of the police, under a \"visitors' programme\", a panel of civilians would be allowed to examine police cells at any time during the day or night in order to interview any prisoner and subsequently report on the visit. A police register, to be kept at local police stations, was to be established in order to keep a record of those arrested as well as details of the place where they were being detained. Furthermore, all this information was to be made available to those directly concerned and affected by the arrests.", "16. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa referred to several inquests into deaths in police custody and referred to cases where, subsequent to the inquiries, members of the South African Police were suspended from duty, pending investigations or a decision by the Attorney-General. Decisions by the Attorney-General to prosecute policemen involved in deaths of persons while in police custody were also brought to the attention of the Working Group by the representative of Human Rights Commission of South Africa.", "17. It was reported in the Amnesty International Newsletter of September 1993 that, in a rare move, the Attorney-General from Witwatersrand had announced in July that a police lieutenant was to be charged with the murder of Bethuel Maphumulo, who was killed while in custody in 1990. The decision to prosecute, it was further reported, came in the wake of a campaign by the Maphumulo family, lawyers and human rights activists, who had struggled for more than two years to convince the authorities to bring charges against the police officer accused of responsibility for the killing. It was reported that the case was scheduled to be heard by the Supreme Court.", "D. Political trials", "18. According to information received by the Working Group, political trials continue under the Internal Security Act: during the period from January to June 1993, it was reported that 90 trials had been completed involving 860 accused. Of those accused persons, 145 were convicted, 211 acquitted, 403 had all charges against them withdrawn and 79 pleaded guilty and were fined. Twenty-one of them absconded and one was granted indemnity. The representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa further reported that at the end of July 1993 81 political trials were in progress involving 827 accused.", "E. Political prisoners", "19. It was reported by the representative of the Human Rights Commission of South Africa that the Joint Scrutiny Committee set up in 1992 for the purposes of identifying political prisoners who qualify for release as political prisoners had the names of 49 persons categorized as prisoners who qualified for release. The Committee had already assessed 13 of them who were still in prison as political prisoners and 17 were still under review. The Human Rights Commission of South Africa lists the remaining 19 as political prisoners and therefore entitled to be considered for indemnity. 1/", "F. Executions", "20. The Working Group was informed that no executions had taken place during the period under consideration, although 302 people were known to be on death row and 29 of them were sentenced to death during the course of 1993 in relation to criminal offenses.", "III. BANTUSTANS", "21. As previously reported on several occasions by the Working Group and according to recent information received from Africa Watch, the Working Group once again emphasizes that under apartheid as originally conceived, all Black South Africans were to lose their South African citizenship and instead become citizens of the so-called \"independent States\" within South Africa's borders. Although all substantial ethnic groups of purely African origin in South Africa were eventually allocated to a particular homeland, the system was never entirely implemented. Many Africans continued to live - legally or illegally - in areas officially designated for Whites only; moreover, only four of the homelands (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei, \"the TBVC States\") ever became nominally independent. The remaining six are known as \"self-governing territories\" and do not have sovereign status within South African law though they do theoretically have a large measure of legislative and executive autonomy. In practice, there has been little difference for their inhabitants between the nominally independent TBVC States and the \"self-governing territories\". Although the Government of South Africa in 1991 repealed the major legislation implementing apartheid within South Africa outside the homelands, the statutes setting up the homelands remain in force.", "22. The reincorporation of the so-called \"homelands\" into the Republic of South Africa has been one of the most contentious points at the multilateral negotiations for a transition to majority rule, which began in 1990. The Government of South African has argued that the reincorporation of some of the \"homelands\" requires the consent of the Governments concerned, because it treats them as sovereign States. In the case of the self-governing territories, the Government of South Africa passed legislation in 1993 that makes provision for the jurisdiction granted to the six \"non-independent\" homelands to be revoked. Nevertheless, this power is to be exercised only \"with the consent or at the request of the Government of the self-governing territory concerned\".", "23. In August 1992, it was reported that the Government of South Africa was planning to give control of an additional 1.2 million hectares of land to the self-governing territories of KwaZulu, QwaQwa and Lebowa. 2/ Further land would also be offered to KaNgwane, KwaNdebele and Gazankulu. According to the Government's own analysis, more than half of this land is already developed and occupied on a permanent basis. Approximately 600,000 hectares of the land was designated for transfer to KwaZulu. According to information received, the Government refused to release details of the exact location of the land affected, which was only publicized after research at the Deeds Office by the Association for Rural Advancement (AFRA), a non-governmental organization involved in development and land issues. The areas affected are spread throughout Natal and include communities that previously opposed incorporation into the homeland. There was an immediate outcry at the transfer proposals from a wide variety of organizations, including the ANC, as well as human rights and development groups. (A joint press release condemning the Government's proposal was released by AFRA, the Black Sash, the Centre for Adult Education of the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Five Freedoms Forum, the Human Rights Commission, Lawyers for Human Rights, the Legal Resources Centre, the Natal Midlands Rural Development Network Executive, the Pietermaritzburg Association for Christian Social Action and the South African Catholic Bishops Conference.)", "24. The land to be transferred was previously held by the South African Development Trust (SADT), a body established by the Development Trust and Land Act of 1936 to hold land intended for eventual incorporation into the homelands. Following the repeal of the Development Trust and Land Act by the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act of 1991, SADT was abolished on 1 April 1992. The land it held was transferred to the Ministry of Regional and Land Affairs (formerly the Department of Development Aid), which is responsible for the self‑governing territories, and it is this land that is now being transferred to homeland control. Although the details of the transfer remain obscure, it was stated by Deputy Minister of Land Affairs Johan Scheepers that the land to be transferred would remain part of South Africa, subject to South African legislation, but that the rendering of services on the land concerned would be a joint venture. It has not been made clear what exactly this joint administration will entail. According to information received in previous cases where land has remained technically part of South Africa but administration has been by a homeland, there has been no practical difference from complete transfer of ownership.", "25. In its 1991 White Paper on Land Reform, the Government of South Africa acknowledged that there was no basis for further incorporation of land into the homelands. During multilateral negotiations in 1992 it was also agreed by all parties, including the Governments of the self-governing territories, that there should be a moratorium on further transfers of land. However, the Government has described the new transfers as \"in accordance with the principles and guidelines contained in the Government's White Paper on Land Reform\", on the grounds that full ownership was not being transferred to the homelands. The transfer of administrative control was a compromise agreed to because the Government had \"come under increasing pressure from the six territories to fulfil the old promises of land transfer\".", "26. While the Governments of Lebowa and QwaQwa agreed to the transfer of joint administrative control under the scheme proposed by the Government, the KwaZulu Government argued that full authority over the land should be transferred to it.", "27. On 1 February 1993, Deputy Minister of Land Affairs Johan Scheepers was reported to have said that the Government would not put a moratorium on the land transfers. In June 1993, two acts (the Regulation of Joint Executive Action Regarding Certain Land Act 109/1993 and the Joint Administration of Certain Matters Act 99/1993) were enacted empowering the State President to give effect to agreements for the joint administration of land outside the self-governing territories. In August 1993, South Africa and KwaZulu announced that a compromise had been reached on the land allocated to KwaZulu. The transfers would go ahead, although KwaZulu would not obtain full authority, South Africa retaining the right to control policing and education, with other services being jointly administered. Two highly sensitive areas, Clermont (a township outside Durban that had previously fought a long battle against incorporation) and Edendale (an area near Pietermaritzburg that has been a centre of bitter violence), would be excluded from the transaction. According to information received, no land has yet been transferred under this agreement.", "28. The Working Group was informed that during the initial period of constitutional negotiations, there had been no adequate reference to or discussion of the question of the homelands.", "IV. FREEDOM OF THE PRESS", "29. The Working Group was informed by a representative of the Anti-Censorship Action Group that there was an increase in attacks on journalists and members of the press corps. She referred to the events during the commemorative meetings and marches for the day of mourning of Chris Hani, as well as instances when attempts were made, on other occasions, to report on or photograph crowds looting shops or indulging in arson. She referred to an attack on a cameraman and a South African Broadcasting Corporation journalist on 23 April 1993, which resulted in the death of the latter. The increase in such events had led to a resolution at the annual congress of the South African Union of Journalists to set up permanent structures with the main political parties to discuss attacks on journalists.", "30. The Working Group also noted that, according to information received after allegations were made of irresponsible press reporting, the Goldstone Commission had requested the Press Council to investigate the role of the media in the current escalation of violence, especially in relation to incidents such as those which took place during a march at Thokoza that ended in the death of 13 people.", "31. Proposals are currently under consideration to reorganize the South African Broadcasting Corporation.", "V. EDUCATION", "32. The representative of the national Children's Rights Committee in the course of her testimony referred to all the encouraging and positive changes that had taken place, in particular the Interim Measure of Local Government Act of 1991, which had been passed to allow local committees to negotiate their own models of non-racial local government until the constitution was finalized. She also referred to the Child Care Amendment Act of 1991, which aimed to enable adoptions of children without racial considerations. She further referred to the Education Affairs Amendment Act of 1992, which was passed to facilitate procedures whereby schools could admit pupils of other races and to the initiation of procedures to desegregate hospitals and eliminate discrimination in the entitlements of pensions which were previously based on race. She said that in spite of those legal changes, the actual situation in areas such as health, education and social welfare had not yet improved because of difficulties associated with availability, affordability and accessibility.", "33. Furthermore, she informed the Working Group that the child population (under 19) in South Africa in 1991 had been recorded as 17,585,922. Children under five years of age in 1991 made up 36 per cent of the total South African population and only 7 per cent of those under five years of age had access to pre-school education and care. The National Education Policy Investigation on Early Childhood Educare had expressed the need to coordinate education, primary health care, social welfare, housing and development programmes to meet the needs of children in an integrated way. Its report also highlighted the tension between the need for effective family and community participation in educare provision and the need to promote national unity and to distribute resources to redress the iniquities of apartheid in terms of an overall development plan. Iniquities in the South African educational system were greatest in respect of educare and basic primary schooling, which perpetuated inequality of performance. In that connection the differential treatment in the provision of educational facilities inherited from the apartheid system remained and no financial provision was made for African children of pre-school age. That practice stemmed from a discriminatory way of budgeting in the educational system, which still maintained the structure of apartheid. The witness stressed the importance of moving beyond legislative changes in terms of a negotiated settlement and undertaking the promotion of a culture of learning and teaching, which had been destroyed. Violence had made access to schools extremely dangerous in affected areas and those African children who did manage to get to schools spent very little time in formal learning.", "34. The representative went on to say that, owing to apartheid structures, which provided for separate discriminatory educational systems based on race, compulsory education at the primary and secondary school level was not provided for all African children and it was a discretionary matter for the different departments, which are governed by their own statutes. She referred to a proposal recently adopted by the Government to introduce compulsory education for at least nine years, for which the State would assume primary responsibility. The National Education Policy Investigation (1992) and the ANC, among others, had made various proposals for restructuring a phased transition of the existing system, which was run under 19 different departments. According to the witness, compulsory primary and junior secondary education would require an additional 125,617 teachers and 11,044 classrooms, the total costs of which would be more than 2 billion rand. To implement compulsory education in the Department of Education and homeland schools, an additional 18,059 teachers would be needed. In view of the natural link with early childhood development programmes, an increase in possible access to primary education would undoubtedly lead to a greater fulfilment of aspirations for higher education. In that context, the representative expressed the need to support the Transitional Executive Council and to encourage it to work closely with democratic structures to achieve acceptable solutions.", "VI. TRADE UNION RIGHTS", "35. It was reported that political changes leading up to the formation of the Transitional Educative Council had had a strong influence on trade union rights and labour laws in South Africa. Several bodies connected with trade union rights bodies had changed their composition and had resulted in multiracial forums. The National Manpower Commission was now constituted as a tripartite multiparty body. Although jobs at the higher level were no longer reserved for the Whites, the situation of Black workers had not changed, since they still did not have access to the necessary training.", "36. The Public Service Act of 1993, which deals with civil servants, was passed in May 1993. However, those positive developments had not yet improved the situation of domestic workers and the estimated 1,000,000 farm workers. It was reported that two bills concerning domestic and farm-workers were still pending before Parliament.", "37. According to information received, numerous arms were in the hands of the civilian population and in particular, under the government scheme of state subsidy, White farmers were heavily armed, which would further complicate the social relationship between farmers and their employees. Employers and workers as such were not participating in the constitutional negotiations and that could undermine workers' rights.", "38. Farm-workers were totally dependent on the owner of the farm for family accommodation and sometimes schooling provided by some farmers. It was reported that that could well prevent the farm-workers from organizing themselves.", "VII. CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS", "39. After agreement during the multilateral talks was reached in early September on the formation of a Transitional Executive Council, the South African Parliament approved it on 23 September 1993. On 24 September 1993, Mr. Nelson Mandela addressed the General Assembly and asked for the removal of economic sanctions against South Africa.", "VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS", "A. Conclusions", "40. The Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts regrets that the Government of South Africa has not permitted the Group to visit the country in order to evaluate the prevailing situation of human rights in South Africa in conformity with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993/9.", "41. The right to life continues to be violated with impunity. In August 1993 alone 554 deaths were recorded as a result of the violence in the country. During the first seven months of 1993, 2,000 people were killed as a result of political violence. As far as the death toll is concerned, there is clearly direct or indirect responsibility of the security forces.", "42. The rise in the death toll after the decision to hold Constituent Assembly elections in April 1994 raises suspicion of deliberate action by certain right‑wing forces to frustrate the democratic process.", "43. Endemic violence constitutes a key element in the South African crisis. According to the different testimonies submitted to the Working Group, it is mainly due to political rivalries and the so-called \"third force\", a clear reference to the role of the police and security forces. It is evident that without an end to the escalation of violence and a much more rapid and efficient preventive action or intervention by the police, this situation will inevitably reduce the chances for peaceful and democratic solution of the political crisis and the total elimination of the system of apartheid.", "44. Detentions without trial under sections 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and under the Unrest Areas Regulations continue to violate individual freedoms in South Africa and should therefore be abolished. The Ad Hoc Working Group is also concerned about detentions without trial in the so-called \"homelands\", particularly in Bophuthatswana.", "45. During the first seven months of 1993, 25 deaths in police custody were recorded. The Ad Hoc Working Group is seriously concerned that deaths in police custody are still taking place in South Africa. It urges the Government of South Africa to ensure that all necessary measures are taken to put a stop to this gross violation of the right to life and in this connection it hopes that the Police Board, which may be operational by the end of 1993, will have a positive role to play.", "46. The system of homelands, which is widely condemned by the international community, is still in force despite the repeal in 1991 of major apartheid laws. It appears, from the steps recently taken to incorporate more land into the so‑called \"self-governing territories\", that the Government of South Africa still intends to perpetuate the Bantustan system. It is also curious that the 1993 law providing for possible revocation of homeland status is conditional upon the consent or request of the Government of the self-governing territory concerned.", "47. The Working Group considers that the whole issue of freedom of the press as well as the question of responsible reporting needs careful attention. Objective assessment and the right of the people to information is a question of particular importance at a time when proposals are under consideration regarding the freedom of expression.", "48. The Working Group notes that there are various factors that have led to attempts to curb the freedom of the press through violent measures. While important and fundamental principles are being decided upon during the current constitutional negotiations, freedom of expression must receive the attention it merits.", "49. The population of children in South Africa in 1991 was recorded as 17,585,922. Compulsory education is not available to Black children. Children of different races are treated differently and are covered by separate departments.", "50. While appreciating the measures already taken to introduce reforms relating to the rights of workers in the agricultural, domestic and public service sectors, the Working Group notes with concern the fact that such measures do not sufficiently conform to the international labour standards governing the tripartite partners all over the world.", "51. The political atmosphere improved significantly after the agreement reached at the multiparty conference on the establishment of a Transitional Executive Council and a previous accord fixing elections for 27 April 1994.", "52. In that context, the Group sees the removal of the trade and economic sanctions against South Africa proposed by Mr. Nelson Mandela as an important step in the process of reintegration of the country into the international community.", "53. However, the hostile stand of the White extreme right and the local authorities in three Bantustans, KwaZulu, Bophuthatswana and Ciskei, the discriminatory behaviour of the security forces in South Africa and the increasing violence throughout the country could jeopardize the proper functioning of the Transitional Executive Council, the forthcoming elections and the reintegration of South Africa into the international community.", "54. The failure of the South African authorities to protect all citizens on an equal footing has resulted in the accumulation in private hands of an enormous amount of weaponry acquired for self-defence.", "B. Recommendations", "55. The government institutions, in particular the South African Police and the Defence Force, should demonstrate greater determination to curb the escalating violence and take responsibility for guaranteeing security to all citizens without discrimination. The right-wing tendencies of some members of the police and army affecting their official activities must be investigated and, where proven, the individuals concerned retired forthwith.", "56. Attempts should be made to educate members of the security forces through retraining of the security personnel in accordance with international standards.", "57. The Ad Hoc Working Group recommends that sections 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and other remaining repressive regulations should be abolished and that similar regulations applicable in the homelands should be scrapped at the same time.", "58. A general amnesty should be given to all those under sentence of death for anti‑apartheid activities that could be regarded as politically motivated.", "59. It is recommended that the death penalty should be abolished immediately and that the sentences of all prisoners on death row should be replaced by other forms of punishment.", "60. The Bantustan system, which was established unilaterally by the Government of South Africa without consultation with the territories concerned, should be speedily abolished without the prerequisite request or consent of the nominally independent homelands or the self-governing territories.", "61. The Group hopes that freedom of expression will be considered by all negotiating parties as one of the fundamental human rights.", "62. While the recently adopted proposal to introduce nine years' compulsory education is laudable, the Government of South Africa should take urgent and deliberate measures to provide the necessary human and material resources. The international community should also assist in this regard.", "63. It is recommended that the Government of South Africa invite ILO to advise on changes to be introduced in order to comply with international labour standards.", "64. Any interim constitution should contain all the recognized international norms in the field of human rights.", "65. With the assumption of responsibility to guarantee public safety without discrimination, the Government should take firm measures for the surrender of all weapons presently in private hands.", "Notes", "1/ E/CN.4/1993/14, paras. 133-138, p. 36.", "2/ See E/CN.4/1993/14, paras. 164-170.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 525", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (c)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATIONS AND", "AND REPORTS OF SPECIAL RAPPORTEURS", "AND SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES", "Situation of human rights in South Africa", "Note by the Secretary-General", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly the preliminary report on the situation of human rights in South Africa prepared by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Southern Africa of the Commission on Human Rights, in accordance with Commission resolution 1993 / 9 of 26 February 1993 and Economic and Social Council decision 1993 / 257 of 28 July 1993.", "Annex", "CONTENTS", "Paragraphs Page", "I.Introduction 1 - 10 3", "II.Right to life 11 - 20 4", "A.C. Increased violence 11 - 12 4", "B.Detention without trial 13 - 14 5", "C.Deaths during detention", "or in custody 15 - 17 6", "D.Political trials 18 7", "E.Political prisoners 19 7", "F.Executions 20 7", "III.BANTUSTANS 21 - 28 7", "IV.PRESS FREEDOM 29 - 31 9", "V.EDUCATION 32 - 34 9", "VI.SINDICAL RIGHTS 35 - 38 10", "VII.CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS 39 11", "VIII.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 40 - 65 11", "A.Conclusions 40 - 54 11", "B.Recommendations 55 - 65 11", "I.Introduction", "1.At its forty-ninth session, the Commission on Human Rights adopted resolution 1993 / 9 of 26 February 1993, in which it decided to renew for a further period of two years the mandate of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Southern Africa established pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 2 (XXIII) of 6 March 1967.In resolution 1993 / 9, the Commission requested the Group of Experts, inter alia, to continue to review the situation concerning human rights violations in South Africa and to submit an interim and final report to the Commission at its fiftieth and fifty-first sessions, respectively, and to submit preliminary reports to the General Assembly at its forty-eighth and forty-ninth sessions.", "2.The Ad Hoc Expert Group is currently composed of the following six members, acting in their personal capacity and appointed by the Commission on Human Rights:Mr. Mikuin Leliel Balanda (Zaire), Chairman / Rapporteur;Mr. Felix Ermacora (Austria), Vice-President;Armando Entralgo (Cuba); Mr.Mr. Elly- Elikunda Mtango (United Republic of Tanzania); Mr.Zoran Pajic", "(Bosnia and Herzegovina) andMulka Govinda Reddy (India).", "3.At its forty-ninth session, the Commission on Human Rights, in accordance with resolution 1993 / 9, requested the Government of South Africa to authorize the Ad Hoc Expert Group to visit South Africa to obtain information from individuals and organizations to determine the human rights situation in South Africa.", "4.In accordance with this request, once again, a request was made to that effect by the representative of the Government of South Africa and the Assistant Secretary-General on behalf of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on 1 March 1993 and also contacted a delegation of parliamentarians with whom he had held consultations in Geneva and who had expressed interest in facilitating the visit of the Group.On 6 April 1993, the Chairman of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts reiterated, on behalf of the Group, the request to visit South Africa to review the state of the human rights situation in the country.Following other informal meetings, the Permanent Representative of the Government of South Africa informed the United Nations Office at Geneva that, in view of the difficult situation in South Africa, it was not appropriate for such a visit to be made.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts deplores the continued refusal of the Government of South Africa to accept the Commission's requests for the Group's visit to assess the prevailing human rights situation.The Group continues to hope that the relevant authorities in South Africa will comply with the resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights and allow the Group to visit that country before the fiftieth session of the Commission.", "5.In order to fulfil its reporting obligation to the General Assembly and the Commission on Human Rights, the Ad Hoc Group of Experts, in line with past practice, collected testimonies outside South Africa.It therefore held hearings in Gaborone from 16 to 19 August 1993 and in Harare from 20 to 27 August 1993 with the aim of collecting data and collecting testimony from individuals and organizations with direct experience of the situation in South Africa.The cases on which the Ad Hoc Expert Group collected data and collected testimony were: the conditions that existed after the repeal of some apartheid laws (including on health and education), the right to life, detention and deaths in police custody, cases of torture and ill-treatment, capital punishment and executions, the administration of justice, political trials, detention, torture and ill-treatment of children, trade union activities, constitutional negotiations and the situation related to the increase in violence that had led to the death of the victims.", "6.During the meetings in Gaborone, the testimonies of representatives of the African National Congress (ANC), the Independent Board of Inquiry and the Action Group against Censorship were collected.Testimony from interested individuals was also collected.", "7.The Ad Hoc Expert Group collected new data in Harare from representatives of the South African Human Rights Commission, the National Association of Democratic Lawyers, Human Rights Lawyers, ANC, the Centre for Applied Legal Studies of Witwatersrand University and interested individuals.", "8.The Ad Hoc Expert Group received testimonies in Geneva from representatives of the International Labour Office (ILO) on recent developments related to trade union laws and the situation of black workers in South Africa.The special report submitted by the Director-General of ILO at the eightieth meeting of the International Labour Conference on the implementation of the Declaration on Action against Apartheid in South Africa will be evaluated by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts in its final report to the Commission on Human Rights on the", "its fiftieth session.", "9.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts collected testimony from a total of 15 witnesses.", "10.The present report, which should be read in conjunction with the most recent report of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts to the Commission on Human Rights (E / CN.4 / 1993 / 14), is a brief assessment of the main developments related to the human rights situation in South Africa in the period from February to September 1993.It was adopted by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on 30 September 1993.", "II.Right to life", "A.Increased violence", "11.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts noted that the situation related to violence appeared to be very encouraging at the beginning of 1993 and that the number of deaths and injuries had decreased significantly.However, that situation began to change shortly after the constitutional negotiations began and the number of deaths increased, especially after the Multi-Party Negotiating Forum decided that the elections would be held on 27 April 1993, leading to the formation of the Transitional Executive Council.Violence appears to continue to increase.According to statistical data published by the South African Human Rights Commission, 554 deaths were recorded in August 1993 alone, the third highest figure that has been recorded.The average death rate per day was reported to be 18, more than twice the average death rate of the previous three years.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission informed the Ad Hoc Expert Group that 2,000 people had been killed and 3,000 injured in political and other violence during the first seven months of 1993.The witness said that since August 1992, violence had moved from the Pretoria / Witwatersrand / Vaal area to the Natal area.However, in recent months, violence had been rerecorded in the first of these areas.In accordance with information provided by the representative of the South African Human Rights Commission, in July 1993, the number of deaths in that area represented more than half of the total number of fatalities throughout the country.", "The murder of Chris Hani", "12.The violence caused by political reasons was at the top of the absurd murder of Chris Hani, Secretary General of the Communist Party of South Africa, in April 1993, the most worrying event of a period characterized by the efforts of all parties concerned to achieve a negotiated agreement that would serve as a constitutional framework for the dispossessed majority of South Africa to establish a multi-party democratic government.When the possibility of consensus is near, extremist reactions in some sectors are inevitable.It should also be noted that there seems to be a genuine intention to work together for peace and reconciliation, as evidenced by the fact that the rapid intervention of a white neighbour, Mr.Hani, it was an important element in the arrest of a suspect in the murder.In accordance with the statement made by the representative of Human Rights Lawyers, the following tense and unstable times, thanks to the structures of the National Peace Agreement and the appeals made by the leaders of all groups, could prevent violent incidents during the funerals.This was partly due to the fact that the national peace agreement committees could establish contacts at the local level and carry out the task of facilitating and maintaining peace, a vital role given the increase in violence.", "B.Detention without trial", "13.It was reported that, in connection with article 29 of the Internal Security Act, they had been detained in the first seven months of 1993.", "117 people.Four of them were still in detention at the end of July 1993.According to article 50 of the Act, which provides for 14 days of pre-trial detention, 74 arrests were recorded.In addition, no arrests were recorded in connection with article 31 of the Act during that period.It was also reported that 21 persons were still in detention under the provisions on riot areas.", "14.In accordance with similar legislation in force in the patriotic territories, which remains unchanged, 55 arrests were recorded in Bophuthatswana.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts noted that, according to information received from the South African Human Rights Commission, there were no such arrests either in Transkei, Ciskei or Venda.", "C.Deaths during detention or in police custody", "15.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission reported that no deaths of persons in detention had been reported in the first seven months of 1993.However, in the same period, 25 deaths of persons in police custody were recorded.To that end, the Ad Hoc Expert Group had noted with satisfaction the information on the establishment of the Police Board in March 1992 under the National Peace Agreement.It was reported that the Board would be established in the Witwatersrand / Vaal area and was expected to begin its functions by the end of 1993.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission also reported that the local committees were to conduct announced inspections of police cells, which were randomly chosen and, with the agreement of the police and in connection with a programme of visits, a group of civilians would be allowed to inspect the cells at any time of day or night in order to interview and report on any prisoner.A police register was to be established at all local police stations, which would record the persons arrested and the data on the place where they were detained.In addition, all such information would be available to persons directly affected by or interested in the arrests.", "16.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission mentioned a number of investigations that had been made into deaths in police custody and referred to cases in which, after the investigations, South African police officers had been suspended from office while awaiting the outcome of the investigations or the decision of the Attorney-General.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission also drew the attention of the Ad Hoc Expert Group to the decisions of the Prosecutor-General to prosecute police officers involved in cases of persons who had died while in police custody.", "17.In the Amnesty International Information Bulletin of September 1993, it was reported that in July, the Attorney General of Witwatersrand had made an unusual announcement that a police lieutenant was to be charged with the murder of Bethuel Maphumulo who had been killed while in police custody in 1990.It was further reported that the decision to prosecute had been made on the eve of a campaign initiated by the Maphumulo family, lawyers and some human rights activists who had fought for more than two years trying to convince the authorities to make charges against the police officer accused of being responsible for the death.It was reported that the Supreme Court was expected to rule on the matter.", "D.Political trials", "18.In accordance with information received by the Ad Hoc Expert Group, political trials under the Internal Security Act continue to be conducted.During the period from January to June 1993, it was reported that 90 trials involving 860 accused had been conducted.Of these, 145 were found guilty, 211 were exculpated, 403 were charged and 79 were found guilty and fined.Twenty-one of these persons escaped and one was awarded compensation.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission also reported that at the end of July 1993 there were 81 political trials against 827 accused.", "E.Political prisoners", "19.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission reported that the Joint Verification Committee, established in 1992 to determine which political prisoners were eligible for release, had a list of 49 persons classified in the category of those who were eligible for release.The Committee had completed its consideration of the cases of 13 of these prisoners who were still in prison as political prisoners and the cases of 17 persons were still under consideration.The South African Human Rights Commission has classified the remaining 19 on the list as political prisoners and therefore entitled to consider granting them compensation. 1", "F.Executions", "20.The Ad Hoc Expert Group was informed that no executions had been carried out during the period under review, although it was known that 302 persons were awaiting execution and 29 of them had been sentenced to death in 1993 for criminal offences.", "III.THE BANTUSTANES", "21.As the Ad Hoc Expert Group has previously reported on a number of occasions, and - according to recent information from Africa Watch - it has again, in accordance with the original conception of apartheid, all Black South Africans would lose their South African citizenship and become citizens of \"independent States\" within the borders of South Africa.Although all the major ethnic groups of purely African origin in South Africa were ultimately assigned to a given homeland, the system was never fully implemented.Many Africans continue to live, legitimate or illegitimate, in areas officially intended only for targets; more than that, only four of the patriotic territories (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei) became nominally independent.The remaining six are \"autonomous territories\" and do not have sovereign status under South African law, although they in theory enjoy considerable autonomy in the legislative and executive fields.In practice, there has been little difference for its inhabitants between nominally independent States and the \"self-governing territories.\"Although the South African Government had repealed the most important laws relating to the application of apartheid in South Africa in 1991, but outside the patriotic territories, the statutes with which the patriotic territories had been established still remained in force.", "22.The re-entry of the so-called \"patriotic territories\" in the Republic of South Africa has been one of the most controversial aspects of the multilateral negotiations for the transition to a majority government, which began in 1990.The Government of South Africa has maintained that the reincorporation of some of these \"patriotic territories\" requires the consent of the Governments concerned, as South Africa treats them as sovereign States.In the case of the Self-Governing Territories, the Government of South Africa adopted in 1993 legislation providing for the revocation of the jurisdiction granted to the five \"non-independent\" Territories.However, this power must be exercised only \"with the consent of the Government of the autonomous territory concerned or at the request of the territorial authority concerned.\"", "23.In August 1992, it was reported that the Government of South Africa had planned to give over to the self-governing territories of KwaZulu, QwaQwa and Lebowa the domain of l, 2 million hectares of additional square land.Land would also be offered to KaNgwane, KwaNdebele and Gazankulu.According to an analysis by the Government itself, more than half of this land is already exploited and occupied on a permanent basis.It was expected that approximately 600,000 hectares of these lands would be transferred to KwaZulu.According to information received, the Government had refused to provide details on the exact location of the land to be given, which was only made public following the investigations carried out by the Association for Rural Advancement, a non-governmental organization dealing with land and development issues, in the Public Scripture Office.The affected areas are spread throughout Natal and include communities that previously opposed their entry into the homeland.In the face of the transfer proposals, there was an immediate protest from a wide range of organizations, including the ANC and development and human rights groups.(A joint press release condemning the Government's proposal was issued by the Association for Rural Advancement, Black Sash, the Adult Education Centre of the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Five Freedoms Forum, the Human Rights Commission, Human Rights Lawyers, the Legal Resource Centre, The Natal Midlands Rural Development Network Executive, The Pietermaritzburg Association for Christian Social Action and the Conference of Catholic Bishops of South Africa.)", "24.The land to be transferred was previously in the hands of the South African Development Trust Fund, the land tenure agency that would ultimately be transferred to the patriotic territories, and which had been established under the land ownership laws and the 1936 Fiduciary Development Act.Following the repeal of these laws through the Abolition of Land Measures on the basis of Race Criteria Act 1991, the South African Development Trust Fund was abolished on 1 April 1992.The land in its possession was transferred to the Ministry of Land and Regional Affairs (former Department of Development Assistance), which is responsible for the autonomous territories, and that is the land whose domain has now been transferred to the patriotic territories.Although the details of the transfer are not accurately known, Deputy Minister of Lands Johan Scheepers noted that the land to be transferred would continue to be part of South Africa, and would be subject to South African legislation, but that the provision of services related to that land would be a joint operation.What this joint administration involves has not been clearly specifiedAccording to information received, in previous cases, where land has continued to be part of South Africa but the administration has been on account of a patrous territory, there has been virtually no difference between this system and a complete transfer of ownership.", "25.In its 1991 White Paper on Land Property Reform, the Government of South Africa recognized that there was no basis for future land integration in the patriotic territories.During the 1992 multilateral negotiations, all parties, including the Governments of the Self-Governing Territories, agreed that there should be a moratorium on future land transfers.However, the Government has determined that the new transfers are in accordance with the principles and guidelines contained in the Government's White Paper on Land Property Reform, on the basis that absolute property has not been transferred to the patriotic territories.The transfer of internal control was a conciliation formula that was reached because the Government had \"been\" under increasing pressure from the six territories to fulfil the old promise of land transfer.", "26.Although the Governments of Lebowa and QwaQwa accepted the transfer of mixed internal control under the Government's proposed project, the Government of KwaZulu held that unrestricted authority over land should be transferred to the territory.", "27.On 1 February 1993, it was reported that the Deputy Minister of Lands Johan Scheepers had said that the Government would not apply a moratorium on land transfers.In June 1993, two laws (Act 109 / 1993 on the regulation of joint administrative measures relating to certain lands and Act 99 / 1993 on the joint administration of certain issues) were enacted, enabling the President of the State to give effect to agreements for the joint administration of land not covered by the Self-Governing Territories.In August 1993, South Africa and KwaZulu announced that a reconciliation formula on land enabled for KwaZulu had been achieved.The transfer would continue, although KwaZulu would not be granted an unrestricted authority, South Africa would retain the right to control the education and police system, and the other services would be administered as a whole.Two highly sensitive regions, Clermont (a neighbourhood in the vicinity of Durban that had long resisted incorporation) and Endale (a area near Pietermaritzburg that had been the centre of huge violence), would be excluded from the transaction.According to information received, no land has yet been transferred in relation to this agreement.", "28.The Ad Hoc Expert Group was informed that the issue of the patriotic territories had not been properly mentioned and considered in the initial stage of the constitutional negotiations.", "IV.FREEDOM OF PRESS", "29.A representative of the Action against Censorship Group informed the Ad Hoc Expert Group that attacks on journalists and members of the press had increased.He referred to the events that took place during the meetings and demonstrations that had taken place on the day of mourning by Chris Hani and mentioned examples of other occasions when attempts had been made to photograph and report groups that were looting or causing business or fires.He mentioned an attack on a photographer and a journalist from South African Radio and Television on 23 April 1993 in which the journalist was killed.The increase in these attacks had resulted in a resolution adopted at the Annual Congress of the South African Union of Journalists to establish permanent structures with the main political parties to examine the attacks on journalists.", "30.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts also noted that, according to information received after allegations of unserious press reports had been made, the Goldstone Commission had requested the Press Council to investigate the role of the media in the current increase in violence, particularly in incidents such as those that had occurred during a demonstration in Thokoza, had resulted in the death of 13 people.", "31.Proposals for reorganizing the South African Radio and Television company are currently under consideration.", "V.EDUCATION", "32.During her testimony, the representative of the National Committee on the Rights of the Child mentioned all the encouraging and positive changes that had taken place in particular the 1991 Act on Interim Measures of Local Government, which had been enacted to enable local committees to negotiate their own models of local government without distinction as to race until the constitution had been completed.He also mentioned the amendment to the Child Care Act of 1991, which was aimed at allowing the adoption of children without racial considerations, and also referred to the amendment to the Education Affairs Act of 1992 that had been adopted to facilitate procedures for the admission of students from other races to schools, and to the initiation of procedures aimed at eliminating segregation in hospitals and discrimination in pension rights, which had previously been recognized on the basis of racial considerations.He said that despite these legal changes, the current situation in the areas of health, education and social welfare had not yet improved, owing to difficulties related to issues of availability of capacity to pay and access.", "33.In addition, the representative informed the Ad Hoc Expert Group that in 1991, the population of children and adolescents in South Africa (under 19 years of age) was 17,585,922.In 1991, children under five made up 36 per cent of the total population of South Africa and only 7 per cent of that group had access to pre-school education and services.In the National Early Childhood Education Policy Research Programme (Educare),", "The need to coordinate education, primary health care, social welfare, housing and development programmes to meet children & apos; s needs in an integrated manner had been expressed.The report also highlighted the opposition between the need for effective family and community participation in the implementation of the Educare programme and the need to promote national unity and to distribute resources to redress the injustices of apartheid within a comprehensive development plan.The injustices of the South African education system were most pronounced in early childhood education and basic primary education, which perpetuated the inequality of performance.In this regard, the differences inherited from the apartheid system in the allocation of educational facilities continued to exist and no financial provisions were made for African children of pre-school age.This practice is derived from the discriminatory manner in which the budget was prepared in the education system, which still maintained the apartheid structure.The representative stressed the importance of not limiting, in a negotiated agreement, to legislative changes and the task of promoting the tradition of learning and teaching, which had been destroyed.The violence had made access to schools in the affected areas extremely dangerous and the time spent on formal education for African children who were able to reach school was even very short.", "34.The representative then said that because of the apartheid structures that provided for separate and discriminatory education systems based on race differences, compulsory primary and secondary education was not provided for all African children and was left to the discretion of the various departments, which were governed by their own statutes.The representative mentioned the proposal that the Government had just approved aimed at introducing compulsory education, which would be mainly for the State, for a period of at least nine years.The National Educational Policy Research Programme (1992) and ANC, among others, had made a number of proposals to provide a structure for the", "to a gradual transition from the existing system, the implementation of which was appropriate", "a 19 different departments.In the view of the representative, the implementation of the primary and secondary primary compulsory education plans would require an additional 125,617 teachers and an additional 11,044 classrooms with total costs of more than R2 billion.In order to implement the compulsory education plan in the Department of Education and in the schools of the patriotic territories, 18,059 additional teachers would be required.Given the natural link of early childhood development programmes with primary education, increasing access to primary education would undoubtedly lead to a greater realization of the aspirations for access to higher education.In that context, the representative expressed the need for assistance to the Transitional Executive Council and for its encouragement to work closely with democratic structures to achieve acceptable solutions.", "VI.SINDICAL RIGHTS", "35.It was reported that the political changes leading to the formation of the Transitional Executive Council had had a huge influence on South African trade union rights and social laws.Several bodies connected with trade union rights issues had changed their composition and had become multi-racial forums.The National Labour Commission was now constituted as a multi-party tripartite body.Although the positions at the highest levels were not still reserved for the whites, the situation of Black workers had not changed, as they still had no access to the necessary training.", "36.The Public Service Act 1993 dealing with civil servants was adopted in May 1993.However, these positive developments have not yet improved the situation of domestic and agricultural workers with a total of about one million.Two laws relating to domestic and agricultural workers were reported to be still pending in Parliament.", "37.According to information received, there were numerous weapons held by the civilian population and, in particular, under the State subsidy programme, white farmers were heavily armed, further complicating the social relationship between farmers and their employees.Employers and workers had not participated in the constitutional negotiations as such, which could undermine the rights of the latter.", "38.The agricultural workers were fully dependent on the owner of the farm in terms of housing for their families.In some cases, the school was also for farmers, a fact which was reported to be able to prevent agricultural workers from organizing themselves.", "VII.CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS", "39.After reaching agreement at the multilateral talks on the formation of a Transitional Executive Council in early September, the South African Parliament adopted the measure on 23 September 1993.On 24 September 1993, Mr.Nelson Mandela addressed the General Assembly and called for the lifting of the economic sanctions imposed on South Africa.", "VIII.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS", "A.Conclusions", "40.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts regrets that the Government of South Africa has not allowed it to make a visit to the country to assess the human rights situation in South Africa, in accordance with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993 / 9.", "41.The right to life continues to be violated with impunity.In August 1993 alone, 554 deaths were recorded as a result of the violence in the country.In the first seven months of 1993, 2,000 people were killed in acts of political violence.There is a clear direct or indirect responsibility of the security forces for these casualties.", "42.The increase in the number of fatalities that has occurred since the decision to hold elections to form the Constituent Assembly in April 1994 arouses suspicion of deliberate acts by some extreme right-wing forces to thwart the democratic process.", "43.Endemic violence is a key element in the South African crisis.According to the various testimonies presented to the Ad Hoc Expert Group, such violence is mainly the result of political rivalries and has been given in the so-called \"third force,\" in clear reference to the functions of the police and the security forces.It is clear that without an end to the increase in violence and the failure of the police to take faster and more effective preventive or intervention measures, the potential for a peaceful and democratic solution to the political crisis and for the total eradication of the apartheid system will inevitably be reduced.", "44.Untrial detention under articles 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and under the provisions on riot areas continue to violate individual freedoms in South Africa and should therefore be abolished.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts is also concerned about the untrial detention in the patriotic territories, particularly in Bophuthatswana.", "45.In the first seven months of 1993, 25 deaths of persons in police custody were recorded.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts is deeply concerned that in South Africa there are still people who die while in police custody.The Group urges the Government of South Africa to ensure that all necessary measures are taken to end this scandalous violation of the right to life and expresses the hope that the Police Board, which may be in office by the end of 1993, will play a positive role in that regard.", "46.The system of patriotic territories that had been widely condemned by the international community, despite the repeal of important apartheid laws in 1991, was still in force.Judging from the recent measures taken to incorporate more land into the so-called \"self-governing territories,\" it seems that the Government of South Africa still intends to perpetuate the bantustan system.It is also strange that under the 1993 Act, the possibility of a revocation of the status of the patriotic territories depends on the consent or request of the Government of the relevant autonomous territory.", "47.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts believes that the whole issue of freedom of the press and responsible compliance with the information function must be carefully considered.The objectivity of the assessment and the right of individuals to information are issues of special importance at a time when proposals relating to freedom of expression are considered.", "48.The Group notes that a number of factors have led to the attempt to curb press freedom through violent measures.In circumstances where decisions on fundamental and important principles are taken through constitutional negotiations, freedom of expression must be given its due importance.", "49.In 1991, the population of children and adolescents under 19 years of age in South Africa was 17,585,922.Black children have no access to compulsory education.Children of different races are treated differently from those in separate departments.", "50.While recognizing the measures taken to implement reforms related to workers' rights in the agricultural, domestic and public sectors, the Ad Hoc Expert Group notes with concern that these measures are not sufficiently in line with international labour standards governing tripartite partnerships around the world.", "51.The political environment improved significantly following the agreement reached at the Multiparty Conference on the establishment of a Transitional Executive Council and a previous agreement on the date of elections by 27 April 1994.", "52.In that context, the Group believes that the lifting of the trade and economic sanctions imposed on South Africa, as proposed by Mr. Sailor,Nelson Mandela, an important step in the process of rejoining the country in the international community.", "53.However, the hostile attitude of the extreme white right and local authorities in three Bantustans, KwaZulu, Bophuthatswana and Ciskei, the discriminatory behaviour of the security forces in South Africa and the increase in violence throughout the country could jeopardize the proper functioning of the Transitional Executive Council, the forthcoming elections and the reintegration of South Africa into the international community.", "54.The fact that the South African authorities do not protect all citizens equally has resulted in the accumulation of a large number of weapons acquired for self-defence reasons by private individuals.", "B.Recommendations", "55.Government institutions, in particular the South African Defence Force and the South African police, should demonstrate a greater decision to stop the increase in violence and take responsibility for ensuring the security of all citizens without discrimination.The extreme right-wing trends of some members of the police and the army that affect their official activities should be investigated and, where evidence is found, those persons should be immediately discharged.", "56.Efforts should be made to train members of the security force by providing them with a professional reorientation that is in line with international standards.", "57.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts recommends the abolition of articles 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and other repressive provisions that are still in force, while at the same time excluding similar provisions applicable in the patriotic territories.", "58.A general amnesty should be granted to persons sentenced to death for anti-apartheid activities that could be considered politically motivated.", "59.It is recommended that the death penalty be abolished immediately and that the sentences of all death row offenders be replaced by other forms of punishment.", "60.The bantustan system, which was unilaterally established by the Government of South Africa without consultations with the territories concerned, should be abolished rapidly without the need to request the authorization or consent of nominally independent or self-governing territories.", "61.The Group hoped that all negotiating parties would consider freedom of expression to be one of the fundamental human rights.", "62.Although the recent proposal to implement the nine-year compulsory education system, which was commendable, the Government of South Africa should take urgent and weighted measures to provide the necessary human and material resources.To that end, the international community should also provide assistance.", "63.It is recommended that the Government of South Africa invite ILO to provide advice on the changes to be made in order to meet international labour standards.", "64.Any interim constitution should contain all recognized international human rights standards.", "65.Along with taking responsibility for ensuring public security without discrimination, the Government should take firm steps to seize all the weapons currently in the hands of individuals.", "Notes", "1 E / CN.4 / 1993 / 14, paras.133-138, pp.32 and 33.", "See E / CN.4 / 1993 / 14, paras.165-170, pp.40 and 41.", "-----" 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"
"2VGthWguZ0i4g55JuBIrAehWNX7T5WuK5/TyQjBsZXo="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/525", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "Point 114 c) de l'ordre du jour", "QUESTIONS RELATIVES AUX DROITS DE L'HOMME :", "SITUATIONS RELATIVES AUX DROITS DE L'HOMME", "ET RAPPORTS DES RAPPORTEURS ET REPRESENTANTS", "SPECIAUX", "La situation relative aux droits de l'homme en Afrique du Sud", "Note du Secrétaire général", "Le Secrétaire général a l'honneur de transmettre aux membres de l'Assemblée générale le rapport préliminaire sur la situation relative aux droits de l'homme en Afrique du Sud, établi par le Groupe spécial d'experts sur l'Afrique australe de la Commission des droits de l'homme, conformément à la résolution 1993/9 de la Commission, en date du 26 février 1993, et à la décision 1993/257 du Conseil économique et social, en date du 28 juillet 1993.", "Annexe", "TABLE DES MATIERES", "Paragraphes Page", "I. INTRODUCTION 1 - 10 3", "II. DROIT A LA VIE 11 - 20 4", "A. Intensification de la violence 11 - 12 4", "B. Détention sans procès 13 - 14 5", "C. Décès survenus en cours de détention ou de", "garde à vue 15 - 17 5", "D. Procès politiques 18 6", "E. Prisonniers politiques 19 6", "F. Exécutions 20 7", "III. BANTOUSTANS 21 - 28 7", "IV. LIBERTE DE LA PRESSE 29 - 31 9", "V. ENSEIGNEMENT 32 - 34 9", "VI. DROITS SYNDICAUX 35 - 38 11", "VII. NEGOCIATIONS CONSTITUTIONNELLES 39 11", "VIII. CONCLUSIONS ET RECOMMANDATIONS 40 - 65 12", "A. Conclusions 40 - 54 12", "B. Recommandations 55 - 65 13", "I. INTRODUCTION", "1. A sa quarante-neuvième session, la Commission des droits de l'homme a adopté sa résolution 1993/9 du 26 février 1993, dans laquelle elle a décidé de renouveler pour une période de deux ans le mandat du Groupe spécial d'experts sur l'Afrique australe, qu'elle avait créé par sa résolution 2 (XXIII) du 6 mars 1967. Dans sa résolution 1993/9, la Commission a notamment prié le Groupe spécial d'experts de continuer d'examiner la situation concernant les violations des droits de l'homme en Afrique du Sud, de lui soumettre son rapport intérimaire lors de sa cinquantième session, et son rapport final lors de sa cinquante et unième session, et de présenter un rapport préliminaire à l'Assemblée générale à ses quarante-huitième et quarante-neuvième sessions.", "2. Le Groupe spécial est actuellement composé des six experts suivants, nommés par la Commission des droits de l'homme et agissant à titre individuel : M. Mikuin Leliel Balanda (Zaïre), Président/Rapporteur, M. Felix Ermacora (Autriche), Vice-Président, M. Armando Entralgo (Cuba), M. Elly-Elikunda Mtango (République-Unie de Tanzanie), M. Zoran Paji_ (Bosnie-Herzégovine), et M. Mulka Govinda Reddy (Inde).", "3. A sa quarante-neuvième session, la Commission des droits de l'homme, conformément à sa résolution 1993/9, a demandé au Gouvernement sud-africain d'autoriser le Groupe spécial d'experts à se rendre dans ce pays pour recueillir des informations de particuliers et d'organisations en vue d'évaluer la situation des droits de l'homme en Afrique du Sud.", "4. Suite à cette demande, contact a été pris de nouveau avec le représentant du Gouvernement sud-africain. Au nom du Groupe spécial, le Sous-Secrétaire général a adressé une demande, le 1er mars 1993. Il a par ailleurs entretenu de la question une délégation de parlementaires, avec lesquels il avait tenu des consultations à Genève et qui s'étaient déclarés disposés à faciliter la mission du Groupe spécial. Le 6 avril 1993, le Président a renouvelé, au nom du Groupe spécial, la demande faite par celui‑ci à l'effet d'être autorisé à se rendre en Afrique du Sud pour y évaluer la situation relative aux droits de l'homme. A l'issue de contacts officieux, le Représentant permanent du Gouvernement sud‑africain auprès de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève a indiqué que cette visite serait inopportune, la situation dans le pays étant très délicate. Le Groupe spécial regrette que le Gouvernement sud-africain n'ait jamais accédé aux demandes de la Commission tendant à ce qu'il autorise le Groupe spécial à se rendre dans le pays pour y évaluer la situation des droits de l'homme. Le Groupe spécial continue d'espérer que les autorités sud-africaines compétentes, déférant aux résolutions de la Commission, l'autoriseront à se rendre dans le pays avant la cinquantième session de la Commission.", "5. Afin de présenter à l'Assemblée générale et à la Commission des droits de l'homme les rapports qui lui sont demandés, le Groupe spécial a, comme les années précédentes, recueilli des dépositions ailleurs qu'en Afrique du Sud. C'est ainsi qu'il a tenu des auditions à Gaborone du 16 au 19 août 1993, et à Harare du 20 au 27 août 1993, afin de recueillir des informations et d'entendre des dépositions de particuliers et d'organisations ayant une connaissance directe de la situation en Afrique du Sud. Les informations et dépositions portaient sur les sujets suivants : situation à la suite de l'abrogation de certaines lois d'apartheid (notamment dans les domaines de la santé et de l'éducation), droit à la vie, détentions et décès survenus pendant les gardes à vue, cas de torture et de sévices, peine capitale et exécutions, administration de la justice, procès politiques, torture et mauvais traitements infligés aux enfants en détention, activités syndicales, négociations constitutionnelles et escalade de la violence et son cortège de décès.", "6. A Gaborone, le Groupe spécial a entendu les dépositions de représentants de l'African National Congress (ANC), de l'Independent Board of Inquiry et de l'Anti-Censorship Action Group et de particuliers.", "7. Le Groupe spécial a ensuite recueilli des informations à Harare de représentants de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme, de l'Association nationale des avocats démocrates, des Lawyers for Human Rights, de l'ANC, du Centre for Applied Legal Studies de l'Université du Witwatersrand, et de particuliers.", "8. A Genève, le Groupe spécial a entendu la déposition de représentants du Bureau international du Travail (BIT) au sujet de l'évolution récente du droit syndical et de la situation des travailleurs noirs en Afrique du Sud. Il évaluera dans le rapport final qu'il présentera à la Commission des droits de l'homme à sa cinquantième session le rapport spécial que le Directeur général de l'OIT a présenté à la Conférence internationale du Travail à sa quatre‑vingtième session sur l'application de la Déclaration concernant l'action contre l'apartheid en Afrique du Sud.", "9. Le Groupe spécial a entendu au total les dépositions de 15 témoins.", "10. Le présent rapport, qu'il convient de lire en conjonction avec le dernier rapport que le Groupe spécial a présenté à la Commission des droits de l'homme (E/CN.4/1993/14), analyse brièvement les principaux faits nouveaux intéressant les droits de l'homme en Afrique du Sud, survenus entre février et septembre 1993. Le Groupe spécial l'a adopté le 30 septembre 1993.", "II. DROIT A LA VIE", "A. Intensification de la violence", "11. Le Groupe spécial a noté que la situation eu égard à la violence avait été très encourageante dans les premiers mois de 1993, et que le nombre des morts et des blessés avait considérablement diminué. Mais les choses avaient commencé à changer et le nombre des morts à augmenter peu après l'ouverture des négociations constitutionnelles, surtout après que le Forum de négociations multipartite a fixé la date des élections au 27 avril 1993, en vue de la constitution du Conseil exécutif de transition. Il semble que la violence continue à s'intensifier. Selon des statistiques publiées par la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme, on a dénombré 554 morts pour le seul mois d'août 1993, ce qui en fait le troisième mois le plus meurtrier. On aurait dénombré en moyenne 18 décès par jour, soit plus du double de la moyenne enregistrée les trois années précédentes. Le représentant de la Commission sud‑africaine des droits de l'homme a informé le Groupe spécial que 2 000 personnes étaient tombées victimes d'actes de violence politique et autre durant les sept premiers mois de 1993, et qui avaient par ailleurs fait près de 3 000 blessés. Il a précisé que depuis août 1992, la violence qui s'était déplacée de la région de Pretoria, du Witwatersrand et du Vaal à la région du Natal, y avait resurgi ces derniers mois. Selon le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme, le bilan des décès enregistrés en juillet 1993 dans cette région correspondait à plus de la moitié des décès dénombrés dans l'ensemble du territoire national.", "Assassinat de Chris Hani", "12. La violence à motivation politique a culminé avec l'absurde assassinat en avril 1993 de Chris Hani, Secrétaire général du Parti communiste sud‑africain; cet assassinat était d'autant plus troublant qu'il est survenu alors que toutes les parties en présence consentaient d'énormes efforts pour parvenir à un règlement négocié sur un mécanisme constitutionnel qui permette à la majorité spoliée de la population sud‑africaine, d'établir un gouvernement démocratique multipartite. Lorsqu'on avance vers un consensus, il est inévitable que des réactions extrémistes se manifestent. En revanche, force est de constater qu'il existe une volonté sincère d'oeuvrer en faveur de la paix et de la réconciliation comme en témoigne le fait que c'est à l'intervention rapide d'une Blanche, voisine de M. Hani, que l'on doit d'avoir arrêté un suspect mis en cause dans cet assassinat. Selon le représentant des Lawyers for Human Rights, pendant la période de tension et d'instabilité qui s'ensuivit, c'est grâce aux mécanismes de l'Accord national de paix, ainsi qu'aux appels de dirigeants de tous les groupes, qu'il a été possible d'empêcher qu'il se produise des incidents violents au cours des cérémonies funéraires. Cela tenait en partie au fait que les comités créés en vertu de l'Accord national de paix, en prise directe sur la population à l'échelon local, peuvent favoriser et maintenir la paix, tâche cruciale face à la montée de la violence.", "B. Détention sans procès", "13. Cent dix‑sept personnes auraient été détenues sans procès en vertu de l'article 29 de l'Internal Security Act pendant les sept premiers mois de 1993. Quatre de ces personnes n'avaient toujours pas été libérées à la fin du mois de juillet 1993. Soixante‑quatorze personnes ont été écrouées en vertu de l'article 50 de la même loi, qui autorise 14 jours de détention préventive. En revanche, aucune détention n'a été enregistrée au cours de la même période en vertu de l'article 31 de cette loi. Par ailleurs, 21 personnes seraient toujours détenues en vertu des Unrest Areas Regulations.", "14. En vertu de lois analogues dans les prétendus \"homelands\", où elles n'ont pas été modifiées, 55 personnes ont été détenues dans le Bophuthatswana. Le Groupe spécial a noté que selon des renseignements émanant de la Commission sud‑africaine des droits de l'homme, aucun cas analogue n'avait été relevé au Transkei, au Ciskei ni au Venda.", "C. Décès survenus en cours de détention ou de garde à vue", "15. Selon le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme, on n'a enregistré aucun décès en cours de détention durant les sept premiers mois de 1993. Toutefois, durant la même période on a relevé 25 cas de décès en garde à vue. Le Groupe spécial a noté avec plaisir à ce propos la création en mars 1992 du Conseil de la police, en vertu de l'Accord national de paix. Le conseil qui devait être mis en place dans la région du Witwatersrand et du Vaal, était censé commencer ses activités avant la fin de 1993. Le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme a fait savoir en outre que des comités locaux devaient effectuer des visites inopinées dans les cellules de la police, et qu'avec l'accord de cette dernière, un groupe de civils serait autorisé, dans le cadre d'un programme de visites, à examiner ces cellules à toute heure du jour ou de la nuit pour s'entretenir avec tout prisonnier et à rendre compte de cette visite. Les postes de police locaux devraient tenir un registre où seraient consignées toutes informations sur les arrestations et le lieu de détention des personnes arrêtées. En outre, toutes ces informations seraient mises à la disposition des personnes directement concernées par lesdites arrestations.", "16. Le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme a évoqué plusieurs enquêtes ouvertes à la suite de décès en garde à vue, et des cas où, à la suite de ces enquêtes, des membres de la police sud‑africaine avaient été suspendus en attendant l'issue de l'instruction ou une décision du procureur général. Le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme a également porté à la connaissance du Groupe spécial des décisions prises par le procureur général d'engager des poursuites contre des policiers mis en cause dans des cas de décès en garde à vue.", "17. Selon le Bulletin d'Amnesty International de septembre 1993, le procureur général du Witwatersrand aurait déclaré, fait rare, son intention d'inculper un lieutenant de police du meurtre de Bethuel Maphumulo, tué en détention en 1990. Toujours d'après le Bulletin, cette décision faisait suite à la campagne que la famille Maphumulo mène depuis plus de deux ans avec des juristes et des défenseurs des droits de l'homme pour faire inculper le policier accusé du meurtre. L'affaire serait jugée par la Cour suprême.", "D. Procès politiques", "18. Selon des renseignements reçus par le Groupe spécial, des procès politiques continuent d'être organisés en vertu de l'Internal Security Act : 90 procès concernant 860 prévenus auraient eu lieu entre janvier et juin 1993. Sur ce nombre, 145 personnes ont été reconnues coupables, 211 acquittées, toutes les charges retenues contre 403 ont été retirées et 79 ont plaidé coupable et été condamnées à une amende. Vingt et une personnes s'étaient soustraites à la justice, et une personne avait obtenu l'immunité. Le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme a signalé en outre qu'à la fin de juillet 1993, 81 procès politiques concernant 827 prévenus suivaient leur cours.", "E. Prisonniers politiques", "19. Le représentant de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme a signalé que la Commission d'enquête mixte, créée en 1992 pour recenser les prisonniers politiques remplissant les conditions requises pour être libérés en tant que prisonniers politiques, détenait une liste de 49 personnes répondant aux critères voulus. La Commission avait déjà établi que 13 de celles‑ci, toujours incarcérées, se trouvaient dans ce cas et poursuivait l'examen de 17 autres cas. La Commission sud-africaine des droits de l'homme range les 19 personnes restantes dans la catégorie des prisonniers politiques, qui, à ce titre, devraient bénéficier de l'indemnité¹.", "F. Exécutions", "20. Le Groupe spécial a été informé qu'il n'y avait pas eu d'exécutions durant la période considérée, bien qu'il y ait 302 condamnés en attente d'exécution, dont 29 condamnés à mort pour crimes au cours de l'année 1993.", "III. BANTOUSTANS", "21. Comme le Groupe spécial l'a déjà été signalé à plusieurs reprises, et selon des informations récentes émanant d'Africa Watch, l'apartheid dans sa conception originelle visait, et le Groupe spécial tient à le rappeler, à dépouiller tous les ressortissants noirs d'Afrique du Sud de leur nationalité sud-africaine, pour leur conférer en échange la nationalité des prétendus \"Etats indépendants\" situés à l'intérieur des frontières sud-africaines. En fait, si tous les grands groupes ethniques d'origine purement africaine d'Afrique du Sud ont fini par être répartis entre les différents homelands, le système n'a jamais été complètement mis en place. Bien des Africains ont continué à vivre, légalement ou non, dans des zones officiellement réservées exclusivement aux Blancs; en outre, quatre des homelands seulement (le Transkei, le Bophuthatswana, le Venda et le Ciskei, dits \"Etats TBVC\") sont devenus indépendants en théorie. Les six autres sont considérés comme \"territoires autonomes\" et la loi sud‑africaine ne leur reconnaît aucune souveraineté, bien qu'ils disposent en principe d'une autonomie législative et exécutive assez étendue. Dans la pratique, les habitants des Etats TBVC indépendants en théorie et des \"territoires autonomes\" ne voient guère de différences entre eux. Le Gouvernement sud-africain a abrogé en 1991 les principales lois instituant l'apartheid en Afrique du Sud à l'extérieur des homelands, encore que les lois créant ces derniers demeurent en vigueur.", "22. La réintégration des \"homelands\" à la République d'Afrique du Sud est l'une des questions les plus controversées des négociations multilatérales sur la transition vers le gouvernement par la majorité, entamées en 1990. Pour le Gouvernement sud-africain, la réintégration de certains de ces territoires est subordonnée à l'accord des gouvernements concernés, car il y voit des Etats souverains. S'agissant des territoires autonomes, le Gouvernement sud-africain a promulgué en 1993 des lois prévoyant la révocation de la compétence dévolue aux six homelands \"non indépendants\". Mais cette faculté ne sera exercée qu'avec \"le consentement ou à la demande du gouvernement du territoire autonome concerné\".", "23. En août 1992, on a appris que le Gouvernement sud-africain envisageait de placer 1,2 million d'hectares supplémentaires de terres sous le contrôle des territoires autonomes du KwaZulu, du QwaQwa et du Lebowa². D'autres terres seraient en outre offertes au KaNgwane, au KwaNdebele et au Gazankulu. Selon le Gouvernement lui-même, plus de la moitié de ces terres sont déjà mises en valeur et occupées à titre permanent. Environ 600 000 hectares de ces terres devaient revenir au KwaZulu. Selon certaines informations, le Gouvernement aurait refusé de divulguer l'emplacement exact des terres en question, qui n'a été révélé au public qu'après que l'Association pour le progrès rural (AFRA), organisation non gouvernementale qui s'occupe de questions foncières et de développement, a effectué des recherches sur la question. Les terres visées se trouvent en divers endroits dans le Natal et comprennent des villages qui s'étaient opposés précédemment à l'intégration au homeland. Le projet de transfert de ces terres a immédiatement suscité des protestations d'organisations très diverses, dont l'ANC, ainsi que de groupes de défense des droits de l'homme et de développement. Un communiqué de presse commun, condamnant la proposition du Gouvernement, a été publié par l'AFRA, le Black Sash, le Centre d'enseignement des adultes de l'Université du Natal (Pietermaritzburg), le Five Freedoms Forum, la Commission sud‑africaine des droits de l'homme, les Lawyers for Human Rights, le Legal Ressources Centre, le Natal Midlands Rural Development Network Executive, la Pietermaritzburg Association for Christian Social Action, et la South African Catholic Bishops Conference.", "24. Les terres que le Gouvernement voulait transférer au homeland étaient précédemment aux mains du South African Development Trust (SADT), organe créé par la Development Trust and Land Act de 1936 pour gérer des terres destinées à être transférées aux homelands. La Development Trust and Land Act ayant été abrogée par l'Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act de 1991, le SADT a été dissout le 1er avril 1992. Les terres qu'il détenait ont été transférées au Ministère du territoire et des affaires régionales (précédemment Ministère de l'aide au développement), dont relèvent les territoires autonomes; ce sont là les terres qui seraient maintenant placées sous le contrôle des homelands. Si les détails de ce transfert demeurent obscurs, le Vice-Ministre du territoire, M. Johan Scheepers, a déclaré que les terres à transférer continueraient à faire partie de l'Afrique du Sud et à être soumises à la loi de ce pays, mais que les services y seraient assurés en association. On n'a pas donné d'autres précisions sur ce que cette administration en association recouvrait exactement. Selon des renseignements reçus à propos d'autres cas où des terres ont continué à faire partie en principe de l'Afrique du Sud, tout en étant administrées par un homeland, il ne s'est dégagé dans la pratique aucune différence par rapport à une mutation de propriété pure et simple.", "25. Dans son Livre blanc sur la réforme agraire de 1991, le Gouvernement sud‑africain a reconnu que rien n'autorisait à intégrer de nouvelles terres aux homelands. Au cours des négociations multilatérales de 1992, toutes les parties ont convenu, y compris les gouvernements des territoires autonomes, d'un moratoire sur toutes nouvelles mutations de terres. Néanmoins, le Gouvernement a jugé ces nouvelles mutations \"conformes aux principes et directives énoncés dans le Livre blanc du Gouvernement sur la réforme agraire\", au motif qu'il ne s'agissait pas de transférer entièrement la propriété de ces terres aux homelands. Le transfert du contrôle administratif représentait un compromis, accepté parce que \"les six territoires avaient exercé des pressions croissantes sur le Gouvernement pour l'amener à honorer ses promesses anciennes à cet égard\".", "26. Les Gouvernements du Lebowa et du QwaQwa ont accepté le transfert sous contrôle administratif conjoint proposé par le Gouvernement, le gouvernement du KwaZulu revendiquant quant à lui un transfert plénier d'autorité sur les terres à son profit.", "27. Le 1er février 1993, le Vice-Ministre du territoire, M. Johan Scheepers, aurait déclaré que le Gouvernement n'entendait pas imposer de moratoire sur la mutation des terres. En juin 1993, le Gouvernement promulgait deux lois (Regulation of Joint Executive Action Regarding Certain Land Act 109/1993, et Joint Administration of Certain Matters Act 99/1993), habilitant le Président de l'Etat à donner effet aux accords conclus en vue de l'administration conjointe des terres situées hors des limites des territoires autonomes. En août 1993, l'Afrique du Sud et le KwaZulu ont annoncé qu'ils étaient parvenus à un compromis sur les terres attribuées au KwaZulu. On procéderait au transfert, mais le KwaZulu n'exercerait pas une autorité plénière sur ces terres, l'Afrique du Sud gardant le contrôle du maintien de l'ordre et de l'enseignement et les autres services étant administrés en association. Deux régions névralgiques, Clermont (township aux portes de Durban, qui s'est longuement et farouchement opposé précédemment à l'intégration) et Edendale (zone proche de Pietermaritzburg qui a été le théâtre de violences horribles), seraient exclues de l'opération. Selon les renseignements dont on dispose, aucune terre n'a encore été transférée en vertu de cet accord.", "28. Le Groupe spécial a été informé que la question des homelands n'avait jamais été évoquée ou débattue comme il se devait pendant la phase initiale des négociations constitutionnelles.", "IV. LIBERTE DE LA PRESSE", "29. La représentante du Groupe d'action contre la censure a informé le Groupe spécial d'experts qu'il y avait eu une recrudescence d'agressions contre des journalistes et des membres de la presse. Elle a évoqué les faits survenus au cours des réunions et manifestations organisées à la mémoire de Chris Hani, ainsi que des agressions contre des journalistes qui tentaient, en d'autres occasions, de faire des reportages photographiques et autres sur des foules se livrant au pillage et mettant le feu partout. Elle a parlé d'une attaque contre un opérateur de prises de vues et un journaliste de la South African Broadcasting Corporation, le 23 avril 1993, qui avait causé la mort de ce dernier. Face à la multiplication de faits de cet ordre, l'Union sud‑africaine des journalistes avait adopté, à son congrès annuel, une résolution tendant à instituer, de concert avec les principaux partis politiques, des mécanismes permanents pour discuter des agressions visant des journalistes.", "30. Le Groupe spécial d'experts a relevé que, d'après les éléments d'information reçus à la suite d'allégations faisant état de reportages irresponsables, la Commission Goldstone avait demandé au Conseil de la presse d'enquêter sur la responsabilité des médias dans l'escalade actuelle de la violence, particulièrement en ce qui concerne des incidents tels que ceux qui étaient survenus au cours d'une manifestation à Thokoza qui s'étaient soldés par la mort de 13 personnes.", "31. Des propositions tendant à réorganiser la South African Broadcasting Corporation sont à l'étude.", "V. ENSEIGNEMENT", "32. Au cours de son témoignage, la représentante du Comité national pour les droits de l'enfant a évoqué tous les changements encourageants survenus, en particulier l'adoption de l'Interim Measure of Local Government Act (Mesure provisoire de la loi relative à l'administration locale), de 1991, qui vise à permettre aux comités locaux de négocier leurs propres modèles d'administration locale non raciale, en attendant la mise au point de la Constitution. Elle a aussi parlé du Child Care Amendment Act (loi portant amendement des dispositions relatives aux soins infantiles), de 1991, qui vise à permettre l'adoption d'enfants sans considération de race. Elle a mentionné aussi l'Education Affairs Amendment Act (loi portant amendement de la loi relative à l'enseignement), de 1992, qui tendait à ouvrir les portes des établissements d'enseignement aux élèves d'autres races, ainsi que la mise en train de mesures de déségrégation des hôpitaux et des mesures visant à éliminer la discrimination raciale dans l'attribution des pensions. Elle a dit que, malgré ces changements juridiques, la situation dans les domaines de la santé, de l'éducation, de la sécurité sociale, etc., ne s'était pas encore améliorée en raison des difficultés dues à l'insuffisance de l'offre, aux coûts élevés et aux obstacles qui freinent l'accès à ces services.", "33. En outre, elle a précisé que l'on avait dénombré, en 1991, 17 585 922 jeunes de moins de 19 ans. La même année, les enfants de moins de 5 ans représentaient 36 % de toute la population sud‑africaine mais 7 % d'entre eux seulement avaient accès à un enseignement et à des soins préscolaires. La National Education Policy Investigation on Early Childhood Educare (enquête sur la politique nationale de l'enseignement concernant les soins et l'éducation pour les jeunes enfants) avait montré qu'il fallait coordonner les programmes d'enseignement, de soins de santé primaires, de sécurité sociale, de logement et de développement pour répondre de façon globale aux besoins des enfants. Elle avait souligné aussi qu'il fallait concilier la nécessité pour les familles et les communautés de participer effectivement à la fourniture de services d'enseignement et de soins et la nécessité de promouvoir l'unité nationale et de répartir les ressources de façon à remédier aux inégalités dues à l'apartheid par le biais d'un plan de développement global. Le système d'enseignement sud‑africain était particulièrement inéquitable en ce qui concerne l'éducation et les soins ainsi que l'enseignement primaire de base, ce qui perpétuait l'inégalité des résultats. Dans le même ordre d'idées, la différenciation entre les installations d'enseignement héritées du système de l'apartheid subsistait et aucun crédit n'était prévu pour les enfants africains d'âge préscolaire. Cette pratique était due à la façon discriminatoire dont était calculé le budget de l'éducation qui maintenait en état la structure de l'apartheid. Le témoin a souligné qu'il fallait aller au‑delà des simples changements législatifs et trouver une solution négociée en s'engageant à promouvoir une culture fondée sur l'apprentissage et l'enseignement, qui avait été détruite. En raison de la violence, la fréquentation scolaire était extrêmement dangereuse dans les zones touchées et les enfants africains qui arrivaient à aller à l'école consacraient peu de temps à l'enseignement institutionnalisé.", "34. La représentante a ajouté qu'en raison des structures de l'apartheid, qui prévoyaient des systèmes séparés d'éducation discriminatoire fondés sur la race, il n'existait pas d'enseignement obligatoire aux niveaux primaire et secondaire pour tous les enfants africains et que l'enseignement dépendait des différentes instances administratives qui avaient chacune leurs propres lois. Elle a mentionné une mesure récemment adoptée par le Gouvernement pour rendre la scolarisation obligatoire pendant au moins 9 ans; cette éducation serait prise en charge principalement par l'Etat. La National Education Policy Investigation (Enquête nationale sur la politique de l'enseignement), de 1992, et l'ANC, entre autres, avaient présenté diverses propositions pour restructurer, par une transition en plusieurs phases, le système existant actuellement géré par 19 entités administratives différentes. Selon le témoin, instituer la scolarisation obligatoire au niveau du primaire et du premier cycle du secondaire exigerait 125 617 enseignants et 11 044 salles de classe supplémentaires, ce qui représenterait un coût total de plus de 2 milliards de rand. Pour instituer l'enseignement obligatoire dans les établissements scolaires relevant du Ministère de l'éducation et des homelands, il faudrait 18 059 enseignants de plus. En raison du lien naturel avec les programmes de développement de la petite enfance, il est incontestable qu'en ouvrant davantage les portes de l'enseignement primaire, on permettrait à un plus grand nombre d'élèves de faire des études plus poussées. Dans ce contexte, la représentante a dit qu'il était nécessaire d'appuyer le Conseil exécutif de transition et d'encourager celui‑ci à oeuvrer en étroite collaboration avec les structures démocratiques afin de trouver des solutions acceptables.", "VI. DROITS SYNDICAUX", "35. Il a été signalé que les changements politiques qui ont conduit à la création du Transitional Educative Council (Conseil transitoire de l'éducation) avaient eu un net impact sur les droits syndicaux et la législation du travail en Afrique du Sud. Plusieurs organes liés aux organismes syndicaux avaient modifié leur composition dans un sens multiracial. La National Manpower Commission (Commission nationale de la main‑d'oeuvre) était maintenant un organe tripartite et multiracial. Bien que les emplois d'échelon supérieur ne soient plus réservés aux Blancs, la situation des travailleurs noirs n'avait pas changé, ceux‑ci n'ayant pas encore accès à la formation nécessaire.", "36. La Public Service Act (loi relative à la fonction publique) de 1993 avait été adoptée en mai 1993. Cependant, ce fait positif ne s'était pas encore traduit par une amélioration de la situation des employés de maison ni de celle des travailleurs agricoles estimés à 1 million de personnes. Il a été indiqué que deux projets de loi concernant le personnel de maison et les travailleurs agricoles étaient encore à l'étude devant le Parlement.", "37. Selon les renseignements communiqués, de nombreuses armes étaient détenues par la population civile et, en particulier, dans le cadre du plan gouvernemental de subventions de l'Etat, les exploitants agricoles blancs étaient armés jusqu'aux dents, ce qui risquerait de compliquer encore les rapports entre les exploitants agricoles et leurs employés. Les employeurs et les salariés ne participaient pas en tant que tels aux négociations constitutionnelles, ce qui risquait de nuire aux droits des travailleurs.", "38. Les travailleurs agricoles dépendaient entièrement du propriétaire de l'exploitation pour ce qui était du logement familial, et, parfois, de la scolarité des enfants. Cette situation risquait fort d'empêcher les travailleurs agricoles de s'organiser.", "VII. NEGOCIATIONS CONSTITUTIONNELLES", "39. Au début de septembre, les négociations multilatérales ont abouti à un accord sur la formation d'un conseil exécutif de transition que le Parlement sud‑africain a approuvé le 23 septembre 1993. Le lendemain, M. Nelson Mandela a pris la parole devant l'Assemblée générale pour demander la levée des sanctions économiques contre l'Afrique du Sud.", "VIII. CONCLUSIONS ET RECOMMANDATIONS", "A. Conclusions", "40. Le Groupe spécial d'experts regrette que le Gouvernement sud‑africain ne l'ait pas autorisé à se rendre dans le pays pour évaluer la situation des droits de l'homme en Afrique du Sud, conformément à la résolution 1993/9 de la Commission des droits de l'homme.", "41. Le droit à la vie continue d'être violé impunément. Au cours du seul mois d'août 1993, on a enregistré 554 décès dus à la violence dans le pays. Au cours des sept premiers mois de 1993, 2 000 personnes ont été tuées, victimes des violences politiques. A ce propos, il est clair que les forces de sécurité sont, directement ou indirectement, impliquées.", "42. L'alourdissement du bilan des tués au lendemain de la décision d'organiser des élections à l'Assemblée constituante en avril 1994 laisse penser qu'il s'agit d'une action délibérée de la part de certains milieux de droite qui veulent faire pièce au processus démocratique.", "43. La violence endémique est une constante de la crise en Afrique du Sud. Selon les différents témoignages entendus par le Groupe spécial d'experts, elle est principalement due aux rivalités politiques et à la prétendue \"troisième force\", termes par lesquels on désigne clairement la police et les forces de sécurité. Il est évident que s'il n'est pas mis fin à l'escalade de la violence et si la police n'exerce pas une activité préventive ou des interventions plus rapides et plus efficaces, les chances d'aboutir à une solution pacifique et démocratique à la crise politique et de démanteler l'apartheid s'en trouveront inévitablement réduites.", "44. Les détentions sans jugement en application des articles 29 et 50 de l'Internal Security Act (loi relative à la sécurité intérieure) et de l'Unrest Areas Regulations (Réglementation concernant les zones de troubles) sont autant de violations des libertés individuelles en Afrique du Sud, et il faut y mettre un terme. Le Groupe spécial d'experts s'inquiète aussi des détentions sans jugement dans les prétendus \"homelands\", particulièrement au Bophuthatswana.", "45. Au cours des sept premiers mois de 1993, on a signalé 25 décès lors de la garde à vue. Le Groupe spécial d'experts s'inquiète de ce que des décès continuent de se produire en Afrique du Sud pendant la garde à vue. Il invite instamment le Gouvernement sud‑africain à veiller à ce que toutes les mesures nécessaires soient prises pour mettre un terme à cette violation caractérisée du droit à la vie; à ce propos, il espère que le Police Board (Conseil de la police), qui pourrait commencer à siéger d'ici à la fin de 1993, aura un rôle positif à jouer.", "46. Le système des homelands, largement condamné par la communauté internationale, reste en vigueur malgré l'abrogation des principales lois ségrégationnistes sur l'apartheid en 1991. Les mesures prises récemment pour attribuer de nouvelles terres aux prétendus \"territoires autonomes\" laissent penser que le Gouvernement sud‑africain a toujours l'intention de perpétuer le système des bantoustans. Il est aussi curieux que la loi de 1993, qui prévoit l'abolition éventuelle des homelands, soit subordonnée au consentement ou à la demande du gouvernement du territoire autonome concerné.", "47. Le Groupe spécial d'experts estime que toute la question de la liberté de la presse ainsi que celle de l'exercice responsable de la fonction de journaliste méritent une attention soutenue. Une évaluation objective des choses et le droit du public à être informé sont des questions d'autant plus importantes que des propositions concernant la liberté d'expression sont à l'étude.", "48. Le Groupe spécial d'experts relève que plusieurs facteurs sont à l'origine des tentatives visant à limiter la liberté de la presse par la violence. A présent que l'on débat des principes fondamentaux à l'occasion des négociations constitutionnelles, il convient d'accorder à la liberté d'expression toute l'attention qu'elle mérite.", "49. L'Afrique du Sud comptait en 1991 17 585 922 enfants. L'enseignement n'est pas obligatoire pour les enfants noirs. Les enfants sont traités différemment selon la race à laquelle ils appartiennent et chaque race relève d'une entité administrative distincte.", "50. Tout en se félicitant des mesures déjà prises pour faire adopter des réformes concernant les droits des travailleurs agricoles, des employés de maison et des fonctionnaires, le Groupe spécial d'experts relève avec inquiétude que ces mesures ne sont pas suffisamment conformes aux normes internationales du travail applicables aux partenaires à des arrangements tripartites partout dans le monde.", "51. Le climat politique s'est nettement amélioré après la conclusion d'un accord à la conférence multipartite sur la création d'un conseil exécutif de transition et d'un accord précédent fixant la date des élections au 27 avril 1994.", "52. Dans ce contexte, le Groupe spécial d'experts considère la levée des sanctions commerciales et économiques contre l'Afrique du Sud mesure proposée par M. Nelson Mandela comme une étape importante dans le processus de réintégration du pays dans la communauté internationale.", "53. Cependant, l'hostilité des Blancs d'extrême droite et des autorités locales dans les trois bantoustans de KwaZulu, Bophuthatswana et Ciskei, le comportement discriminatoire des forces de sécurité en Afrique du Sud et le regain de violence dans tout le pays risquent de menacer le bon fonctionnement du Conseil exécutif de transition, la tenue prochaine des élections et la réintégration de l'Afrique du Sud dans la communauté internationale.", "54. Le fait que les autorités sud‑africaines n'assurent pas la protection, sur le même pied d'égalité, de tous les citoyens conduit les particuliers à accumuler tout un arsenal pour assurer leur propre défense.", "B. Recommandations", "55. Les institutions publiques, en particulier la police et les forces de défense sud‑africaines, devraient se montrer plus déterminées à indiquer la violence et à garantir la sécurité de tous sans discrimination. Il faudrait enquêter sur les allégations selon lesquelles certains éléments de la police et des forces armées trahiraient leurs sympathies pour l'extrême droite dans l'exercice de leurs fonctions, et limoger sur le champ ceux qui seraient convaincus d'un tel comportement.", "56. Il faudrait chercher à familiariser les membres des forces de sécurité avec les normes internationales applicables en organisant des stages de recyclage à leur intention.", "57. Le Groupe spécial d'experts recommande que soient abolis les articles 29 et 50 de la loi relative à la sécurité interne ainsi que d'autres réglementations répressives qui subsistent et que soient en même temps abrogées les réglementations comparables applicables dans les homelands.", "58. Il faudrait proclamer une amnistie générale en faveur de tous les condamnés à mort pour activités anti-apartheid pouvant être considérées comme politiquement motivées.", "59. Il est recommandé d'abolir immédiatement la peine de mort et de la commuer dans le cas de tous les condamnés à mort.", "60. Le système des bantoustans, créé unilatéralement par le Gouvernement sud‑africain sans consultation des territoires concernés, devrait être aboli rapidement sans qu'il soit nécessaire de recevoir une requête dans ce sens des homelands nominalement indépendants ou des territoires autonomes ou d'obtenir leur consentement.", "61. Le Groupe espère que la liberté d'expression sera considérée par toutes les parties aux négociations comme l'un des droits fondamentaux de la personne.", "62. Tout en se félicitant de la récente mesure tendant à créer un système d'enseignement obligatoire de neuf ans, le Groupe spécial d'experts a estimé que le Gouvernement sud‑africain devrait agir diligemment et résolument pour fournir les ressources humaines et matérielles nécessaires. A cet égard, la communauté internationale devrait également apporter son concours.", "63. Il est recommandé au Gouvernement sud‑africain de demander à l'OIT avis et conseils sur les réformes à adopter pour se conformer aux normes internationales du travail.", "64. Toute constitution provisoire devrait consacrer toutes les normes internationales reconnues dans le domaine des droits de l'homme.", "65. Le Gouvernement se doit de garantir la sécurité de tous sans discrimination et, dans cette optique, devrait prendre des mesures résolues pour se faire remettre toutes les armes actuellement détenues par des particuliers.", "Notes", "¹ E/CN.4/1993/14, par. 133 à 138, p. 32 et 33.", "² Voir E/CN.4/1993/14, par. 164 à 170.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/525", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "Tema 114 c) del programa", "CUESTIONES RELATIVAS A LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS: SITUACIONES", "RELATIVAS A LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS E INFORMES DE RELATORES", "Y REPRESENTANTES ESPECIALES", "Situación de los derechos humanos en Sudáfrica", "Nota del Secretario General", "El Secretario General tiene el honor de transmitir a los miembros de la Asamblea General el informe preliminar sobre la situación de los derechos humanos en Sudáfrica elaborado por el Grupo Especial de Expertos sobre el Africa meridional de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, de conformidad con la resolución 1993/9 de la Comisión, de 26 de febrero de 1993, y con la decisión 1993/257 del Consejo Económico y Social de 28 de julio de 1993.", "Anexo", "INDICE", "Párrafos Página", "I. INTRODUCCION 1 - 10 3", "II. DERECHO A LA VIDA 11 - 20 4", "A. Aumento de la violencia 11 - 12 4", "B. Detención sin juicio 13 - 14 5", "C. Muertes ocurridas durante la detención", "o bajo custodia 15 - 17 6", "D. Juicios políticos 18 7", "E. Presos políticos 19 7", "F. Ejecuciones 20 7", "III. LOS BANTUSTANES 21 - 28 7", "IV. LIBERTAD DE PRENSA 29 - 31 10", "V. EDUCACION 32 - 34 10", "VI. DERECHOS SINDICALES 35 - 38 11", "VII. NEGOCIACIONES CONSTITUCIONALES 39 12", "VIII. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES 40 - 65 12", "A. Conclusiones 40 - 54 12", "B. Recomendaciones 55 - 65 12", "I. INTRODUCCION", "1. En su 49º período de sesiones, la Comisión de Derechos Humanos aprobó la resolución 1993/9 de 26 de febrero de 1993, en la que decidió renovar por otro período de dos años el mandato del Grupo Especial de Expertos sobre el Africa meridional establecido en virtud de la resolución 2 (XXIII) de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, de 6 de marzo de 1967. En la resolución 1993/9, la Comisión pidió al Grupo de Expertos que, entre otras cosas, siguiera examinando la situación relativa a las violaciones de los derechos humanos en Sudáfrica y que presentara un informe provisional y un informe definitivo a la Comisión en sus períodos de sesiones 50º y 51º, respectivamente, y que además presentara informes preliminares a la Asamblea General en sus períodos de sesiones cuadragésimo octavo y cuadragésimo noveno.", "2. El Grupo Especial de Expertos está integrado actualmente por los siguientes seis miembros, que actúan a título personal y son designados por la Comisión de Derechos Humanos: Sr. Mikuin Leliel Balanda (Zaire), Presidente/Relator; Sr. Felix Ermacora (Austria), Vicepresidente; Sr. Armando Entralgo (Cuba); Sr. Elly-Elikunda Mtango (República Unida de Tanzanía); Sr. Zoran Pajic", "(Bosnia y Herzegovina) y Sr. Mulka Govinda Reddy (India).", "3. En su 49º período de sesiones, la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, de conformidad con la resolución 1993/9, pidió al Gobierno de Sudáfrica que autorizara al Grupo Especial de Expertos a visitar Sudáfrica para obtener información de particulares y organizaciones a fin de determinar la situación de los derechos humanos en Sudáfrica.", "4. De conformidad con esta petición, una vez más se estableció contacto con el representante del Gobierno de Sudáfrica y el Subsecretario General envió una solicitud a esos efectos en nombre del Grupo Especial de Expertos el 1º de marzo de 1993 y también se puso en contacto con una delegación de parlamentarios con quienes había celebrado consultas en Ginebra y que habían expresado interés en que se facilitara la visita del Grupo. El 6 de abril de 1993, el Presidente del Grupo Especial de Expertos reiteró, en nombre del Grupo, la petición de visitar Sudáfrica con el fin de examinar el estado de la situación de los derechos humanos en el país. Después de otros encuentros oficiosos, el Representante Permanente del Gobierno de Sudáfrica indicó a la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra que, en vista de la difícil situación reinante en Sudáfrica, no era conveniente que se llevara a cabo esa visita. El Grupo Especial de Expertos deplora la reiterada negativa del Gobierno de Sudáfrica a aceptar las peticiones de la Comisión de que se facilite la visita del Grupo para evaluar la situación reinante en materia de derechos humanos. El Grupo sigue teniendo la esperanza de que las autoridades competentes de Sudáfrica acaten las resoluciones de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos y permitan que el Grupo realice una visita a ese país antes del 50º período de sesiones de la Comisión.", "5. Con el fin de cumplir con su obligación de presentar informes a la Asamblea General y a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, el Grupo Especial de Expertos, en consonancia con la práctica que ha aplicado en el pasado, recogió testimonios fuera de Sudáfrica. Por consiguiente, celebró audiencias en Gaborone del 16 al 19 de agosto de 1993 y en Harare del 20 al 27 de agosto de 1993 con el propósito de reunir datos y recoger testimonios de particulares y organizaciones que tenían una experiencia directa de la situación en Sudáfrica. Los asuntos sobre los que el Grupo Especial de Expertos reunió datos y recogió testimonios fueron los siguientes: las condiciones imperantes después de la derogación de algunas leyes de apartheid (entre otras cosas, sobre salud y educación), el derecho a la vida, la detención y las muertes ocurridas en custodia policial, los casos de torturas y malos tratos, la pena capital y las ejecuciones, la administración de la justicia, los juicios políticos, la detención, la tortura y el maltrato de niños, las actividades sindicales, las negociaciones constitucionales y la situación relacionada con el aumento de la violencia que ha culminado en la muerte de las víctimas.", "6. Durante las reuniones celebradas en Gaborone, se recogieron los testimonios de representantes del Congreso Nacional Africano (ANC), la Junta Independiente de Investigaciones y el Grupo de Acción contra la Censura. También se recogieron testimonios de particulares interesados.", "7. El Grupo Especial de Expertos reunió nuevos datos en Harare suministrados por representantes de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica, la Asociación Nacional de Abogados Democráticos, Abogados pro Derechos Humanos, el ANC, el Centro de Estudios Jurídicos Aplicados de la Universidad de Witwatersrand y particulares interesados.", "8. El Grupo Especial de Expertos recibió testimonios en Ginebra de representantes de la Oficina Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) sobre los recientes acontecimientos relacionados con las leyes sindicales y la situación de los trabajadores negros en Sudáfrica. El informe especial presentado por el Director General de la OIT en la 80ª reunión de la Conferencia Internacional del Trabajo concerniente a la aplicación de la Declaración sobre la Acción contra el Apartheid en Sudáfrica será evaluado por el Grupo Especial de Expertos en el informe definitivo que presentará a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos en", "su 50º período de sesiones.", "9. El Grupo Especial de Expertos recogió testimonios de un total de 15 testigos.", "10. El presente informe, que debe leerse conjuntamente con el informe más reciente que el Grupo Especial de Expertos presentó a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos (E/CN.4/1993/14), constituye una breve evaluación de los principales acontecimientos relacionados con la situación de los derechos humanos en Sudáfrica en el período comprendido entre febrero y septiembre de 1993. Fue aprobado por el Grupo Especial de Expertos el 30 de septiembre de 1993.", "II. DERECHO A LA VIDA", "A. Aumento de la violencia", "11. El Grupo Especial de Expertos señaló que la situación relacionada con la violencia parecía ser muy alentadora a comienzos de 1993 y que el número de muertos y heridos había disminuido apreciablemente. Sin embargo, esa situación empezó a cambiar poco después de iniciarse las negociaciones constitucionales y aumentó el número de muertes, especialmente después que el Foro de Negociación Multipartita decidió que las elecciones se celebrarían el 27 de abril de 1993, lo que condujo a la formación del Consejo Ejecutivo de Transición. Al parecer, la violencia sigue aumentando. Según datos estadísticos publicados por la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica, tan solo en el mes de agosto de 1993 se registraron 554 muertes, la tercera cifra más alta que se ha registrado. Se informó de que la tasa media de muertes al día ascendía a 18, es decir más del doble de la tasa media de muertes de los tres años anteriores. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica informó al Grupo Especial de Expertos de que en disturbios políticos y otros actos de violencia habían muerto 2.000 personas y 3.000 habían resultado heridas en los siete primeros meses de 1993. El testigo dijo que desde agosto de 1992, la violencia se había desplazado desde la zona de Pretoria/Witwatersrand/Vaal a la zona de Natal. Sin embargo, en los últimos meses habían vuelto a registrarse actos de violencia en la primera de esas zonas. De conformidad con la información presentada por el representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica, en el mes de julio de 1993 el número de muertos en esa zona representaba más de la mitad del total de víctimas fatales en todo el país.", "Asesinato de Chris Hani", "12. La violencia originada por razones políticas llegó a su punto culminante con el absurdo asesinato de Chris Hani, Secretario General del Partido Comunista de Sudáfrica, en abril de 1993, el acontecimiento más preocupante de un período caracterizado por los esfuerzos denodados de todas las partes interesadas por lograr un acuerdo negociado que sirviera de marco constitucional para que la mayoría desposeída de Sudáfrica pudiera establecer un gobierno democrático pluripartito. Cuando la posibilidad de un consenso está próxima es inevitable que haya reacciones extremistas en algunos sectores. Por otra parte, cabe señalar que parece haber una intención auténtica de colaborar en pro de la paz y la reconciliación, como lo prueba el hecho de que la rápida intervención de una vecina blanca, del Sr. Hani, haya sido elemento importante en el arresto de un sospechoso de haber cometido ese asesinato. De conformidad con lo señalado por el representante de Abogados pro Derechos Humanos, en los momentos tensos e inestables que se vivieron a continuación, gracias a las estructuras del Acuerdo Nacional de Paz y a los llamamientos formulados por los dirigentes de todos los grupos se pudo impedir que hubiera incidentes violentos durante los funerales. Esto se debió en parte a que los comités nacionales del Acuerdo de Paz podían establecer contactos en el plano local y llevar a cabo la tarea de facilitar y mantener la paz, función de importancia vital dado el aumento de la violencia.", "B. Detención sin juicio", "13. Se informó de que en relación con la artículo 29 de la Ley de Seguridad Interna, en los siete primeros meses de 1993 habían sido detenidas", "117 personas. Cuatro de ellas aún seguían detenidas a fines de julio de 1993. De conformidad con el artículo 50 de la Ley, que prevé 14 días de prisión preventiva, se registraron 74 detenciones. Por otra parte, en ese período no se registraron detenciones en relación con el artículo 31 de la Ley. Asimismo se informó de que aún seguían detenidas 21 personas con arreglo a las disposiciones sobre zonas de disturbios.", "14. De conformidad con la legislación análoga vigente en los territorios patrios, que sigue sin modificarse, se registraron 55 detenciones en Bophuthatswana. El Grupo Especial de Expertos señaló que con arreglo a la información recibida de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica, no había detenciones de este tipo ni en Transkei, ni en Ciskei ni en Venda.", "C. Muertes ocurridas durante la detención o bajo custodia policial", "15. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica, comunicó que en los siete primeros meses de 1993 no se habían registrado muertes de personas detenidas. Sin embargo, en el mismo período, se registraron 25 muertes de personas bajo custodia policial. A esos efectos, el Grupo Especial de Expertos había observado con agrado la información sobre el establecimiento de la Junta Policial en marzo de 1992, con arreglo al Acuerdo Nacional de Paz. Se informó de que la Junta se constituiría en la zona de Witwatersrand/Vaal y se preveía que iniciaría sus funciones a fines de 1993. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica también informó de que los comités locales iban a llevar a cabo inspecciones anunciadas de celdas de la policía, elegidas al azar y que, contando con el acuerdo de la policía y en relación con un programa de visitas, se permitiría que un grupo de civiles inspeccionara las celdas a cualquier hora del día o de la noche con el fin de entrevistar a cualquier preso y de informar al respecto. En todas las comisarías locales se iba a crear un registro policial en que se dejaría constancia de las personas arrestadas y de los datos del lugar en que estaban detenidas. Además, toda esa información estaría a disposición de las personas directamente afectadas por los arrestos o interesadas en ellos.", "16. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica mencionó varias investigaciones que se habían hecho sobre muertes ocurridas bajo custodia policial y se refirió a casos en que después de las investigaciones, se había suspendido de sus funciones a miembros de la policía sudafricana mientras se esperaba el resultado de las investigaciones o la decisión del Fiscal General. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica también señaló a la atención del Grupo Especial de Expertos las decisiones del Fiscal General de enjuiciar a policías involucrados en casos de personas que habían muerto mientras se encontraban bajo custodia policial.", "17. En el Boletín Informativo de Amnistía Internacional de septiembre de 1993, se comunicó que en julio, el Fiscal General de Witwatersrand había hecho el inusitado anuncio de que un teniente de policía iba a ser acusado del asesinato de Bethuel Maphumulo que había resultado muerto mientras estaba en custodia policial en 1990. Se informó además de que la decisión de entablar juicio se había tomado en la víspera de una campaña iniciada por la familia Maphumulo, los abogados y algunos activistas de derechos humanos que habían luchado durante más de dos años tratando de convencer a las autoridades para que formularan acusaciones contra el oficial de policía acusado de ser el responsable de la muerte. Se comunicó que se había previsto que la Corte Suprema dictaminaría sobre la materia.", "D. Juicios políticos", "18. De conformidad con la información recibida por el Grupo Especial de Expertos, se siguen realizando juicios políticos con arreglo a la Ley de Seguridad Interior. Durante el período comprendido entre enero y junio de 1993, se informó de que se habían realizado 90 juicios en los que habían participado 860 acusados. De estos, 145 fueron declarados culpables, 211 fueron exculpados, se retiraron las acusaciones contra 403 personas y 79 se declararon culpables y fueron multadas. Veintiuna de esas personas se fugaron y a una se le concedió indemnización. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica informó asimismo de que a fines de julio de 1993 había 81 juicios políticos contra 827 acusados.", "E. Presos políticos", "19. El representante de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica comunicó que el Comité Mixto de Verificación, establecido en 1992 con el objeto de determinar qué presos políticos cumplían las condiciones para salir en libertad, tenía una lista de 49 personas clasificadas en la categoría de los que cumplían con esas condiciones. El Comité había terminado de examinar los casos de 13 de esos presos que aún permanecían encarcelados en calidad de presos políticos y aún seguía examinado los casos de 17 personas. La Comisión de Derechos Humanos de Sudáfrica ha clasificado a las 19 restantes de la lista como presos políticos y, por consiguiente, con derecho a que se considere la posibilidad de concederles una indemnización¹.", "F. Ejecuciones", "20. Se comunicó al Grupo Especial de Expertos que, durante el período que se examinaba, no se habían llevado a cabo ejecuciones, aunque se sabía que había 302 personas que aguardaban su ejecución y que 29 de ellas habían sido condenadas a muerte en 1993 por delitos penales.", "III. LOS BANTUSTANES", "21. Como el Grupo Especial de Expertos ha informado anteriormente en diversas oportunidades, y - según información reciente del Africa Watch -, ha vuelto a hacerlo, con arreglo a la concepción original del apartheid, todos los sudafricanos negros perderían su ciudadanía sudafricana y se convertirían en ciudadanos de los \"Estados independientes\" dentro de las fronteras de Sudáfrica. Aunque todos los grupos étnicos principales de origen puramente africano de Sudáfrica fueron en definitiva asignados a un determinado territorio patrio, el sistema nunca se aplicó completamente. Muchos africanos siguen viviendo, legítima o ilegítimamente, en zonas destinadas oficialmente sólo para blancos; más aún, sólo cuatro de los territorios patrios (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda y Ciskei) llegaron a ser nominalmente independientes. Los seis restantes son \"territorios autónomos\" y no tienen la condición de Estados soberanos con arreglo a la legislación sudafricana aunque en teoría gozan de considerable autonomía en las esferas legislativa y ejecutiva. En la práctica, para sus habitantes ha habido poca diferencia entre los Estados nominalmente independientes y los \"territorios autónomos\". Aunque el Gobierno de Sudáfrica derogó en 1991 las leyes más importantes relacionadas con la aplicación del apartheid dentro de Sudáfrica, pero fuera de los territorios patrios, aún siguen en vigor los estatutos con que se establecieron los territorios patrios.", "22. La reincorporación de los llamados \"territorios patrios\" en la República de Sudáfrica ha sido uno de los aspectos más controvertidos de las negociaciones multilaterales para la transición a un gobierno mayoritario, que comenzaron en 1990. El Gobierno de Sudáfrica ha sostenido que la reincorporación de algunos de esos \"territorios patrios\" exige el consentimiento de los gobiernos interesados, ya que Sudáfrica los trata como si fuesen Estados soberanos. En el caso de los territorios autónomos, el Gobierno de Sudáfrica aprobó en 1993 leyes en las que se preveía la revocación de la jurisdicción otorgada a los cinco territorios \"no independientes\". Sin embargo, ese poder ha de ejercerse sólo \"con el consentimiento del Gobierno del territorio autónomo correspondiente o a petición de éste\".", "23. En agosto de 1992 se informó de que el Gobierno de Sudáfrica había previsto ceder a los territorios autónomos de KwaZulu, QwaQwa y Lebowa el dominio de l,2 millones de hectáreas de tierras adicionales². También se ofrecerían tierras a KaNgwane, KwaNdebele y Gazankulu. Según un análisis del propio Gobierno, más de la mitad de esa tierra está ya explotada y ocupada sobre una base permanente. Se había previsto que aproximadamente 600.000 hectáreas de esas tierras se traspasarían a KwaZulu. Según información recibida, el Gobierno se había negado a proporcionar detalles sobre la ubicación exacta de las tierras que había de cederse, que sólo se hicieron públicos después de las investigaciones que realizó en la Oficina de Escrituras Públicas por la Asociación para el Adelanto Rural, organización no gubernamental que se ocupaba de cuestiones de tierras y desarrollo. Las zonas afectadas están extendidas por todo Natal e incluyen comunidades que anteriormente se oponían a su incorporación en el territorio patrio. Ante las propuestas de transferencia, hubo una protesta inmediata de una gran variedad de organizaciones, incluidos el ANC y grupos de desarrollo y derechos humanos. (Un comunicado de prensa conjunto en que se condena la propuesta del Gobierno fue emitido por la Asociación para el Adelanto Rural, Black Sash, el Centro de Educación para Adultos de la Universidad de Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Five Freedoms Forum, la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, Abogados pro Derechos Humanos, el Centro de Recursos Jurídicos, The Natal Midlands Rural Development Network Executive, The Pietermaritzburg Association for Christian Social Action y la Conferencia de Obispos Católicos de Sudáfrica.)", "24. La tierra que ha de ser traspasada estaba anteriormente en manos del Fondo Fiduciario de Desarrollo de Sudáfrica, organismo encargado de la tenencia de las tierras que en definitiva, se cederían a los territorios patrios, y que había sido establecido con arreglo a las leyes relativas a la propiedad de la tierra y a la Ley fiduciaria de desarrollo de 1936. Después de la revocación de estas leyes mediante la Ley sobre la abolición de medidas relativas a la tenencia de tierras basadas en criterios raciales de 1991, se abolió el Fondo Fiduciario de Desarrollo de Sudáfrica el 1º de abril de 1992. La tierra que estaba en su poder se traspasó al Ministerio de Tierras y Asuntos Regionales (ex Departamento de Asistencia para el Desarrollo), que se ocupa de los territorios autónomos, y es ésa la tierra cuyo dominio se ha traspasado, en estos momentos, a los territorios patrios. Aunque los detalles de la transferencia no se conocen con exactitud, el Ministro Adjunto de Tierras Johan Scheepers señaló que la tierra que se ha de traspasar seguiría formando parte de Sudáfrica, y estaría sujeta a la legislación sudafricana, pero que la prestación de servicios relacionada con esa tierra sería una operación conjunta. No se ha especificado claramente lo que entraña esta administración conjunta Según la información recibida, en casos anteriores, en que la tierra ha seguido formando parte de Sudáfrica pero la administración ha corrido por cuenta de un territorio patrio, prácticamente no ha habido diferencia entre este sistema y una transferencia completa de la propiedad.", "25. En su Libro Blanco sobre la Reforma de la Propiedad de la Tierra de 1991, el Gobierno de Sudáfrica reconoció que no existía ninguna base para la incorporación futura de tierras en los territorios patrios. Durante las negociaciones multilaterales de 1992, todas las partes, incluidos los gobiernos de los territorios autónomos, acordaron que debería haber una moratoria a las transferencias futuras de tierras. Sin embargo, el Gobierno ha determinado que las nuevas transferencias se ajustan a los principios y directrices que figuran en el Libro Blanco del Gobierno sobre la Reforma de la Propiedad de la Tierra, sobre la base de que la propiedad absoluta no ha sido transferida a los territorios patrios. La transferencia del control interno fue una fórmula conciliatoria a la que se llegó debido a que el Gobierno \"había estado\" sometido a una presión cada vez mayor por parte de los seis territorios para que se cumpliera la antigua promesa de la transferencia de tierras.", "26. Aunque los Gobiernos de Lebowa y QwaQwa aceptaron la transferencia de un control interno mixto con arreglo al proyecto propuesto por el Gobierno, el Gobierno de KwaZulu sostuvo que se debería transferir al territorio la autoridad irrestricta sobre la tierra.", "27. El 1º de febrero de 1993 se informó de que el Ministro Adjunto de Tierras Johan Scheepers había dicho que el Gobierno no aplicaría una moratoria a las transferencias de tierra. En junio de 1993, se promulgaron dos leyes (la ley 109/1993 sobre la reglamentación de medidas administrativas conjuntas relacionadas con determinadas tierras y la Ley 99/1993 sobre la administración conjunta de determinadas cuestiones) por las que se facultó al Presidente del Estado a que hiciera efectivos los acuerdos para la administración conjunta de la tierra que no quedara comprendida en los territorios autónomos. En agosto de 1993, Sudáfrica y KwaZulu anunciaron que se había logrado una fórmula de conciliación sobre la tierra habilitada para KwaZulu. Se proseguiría con la transferencia si bien no se concedería a KwaZulu una autoridad irrestricta, Sudáfrica conservaría el derecho de controlar el sistema de educación y el policial, y los demás servicios se administrarían en conjunto. Quedarían excluidas de la transacción dos regiones sumamente delicadas, Clermont (barriada ubicada en los aledaños de Durban que había resistido durante mucho tiempo la incorporación) y Endale (zona cercana a Pietermaritzburg que había sido centro de enorme violencia). Según información recibida, aún no se han transferido tierras en relación con este acuerdo.", "28. Se informó al Grupo Especial de Expertos de que en la etapa inicial de las negociaciones constitucionales no se había mencionado ni examinado debidamente la cuestión de los territorios patrios.", "IV. LIBERTAD DE PRENSA", "29. Una representante del Grupo de Acción contra la Censura informó al Grupo Especial de Expertos de que habían aumentado los ataques a los periodistas y a los miembros de la prensa. Se refirió a los sucesos ocurridos durante las reuniones y manifestaciones que se habían realizado el día de duelo por Chris Hani y mencionó ejemplos de otras ocasiones en que se había tratado de fotografiar a grupos que saqueaban negocios o provocaban incendios o de informar al respecto. Mencionó un ataque perpetrado contra un fotógrafo y un periodista de la Radio y Televisión Sudafricanas el 23 de abril de 1993 en el que resultó muerto el periodista. El aumento de esos ataques había culminado en una resolución adoptada en el Congreso Anual del Sindicato Sudafricano de Periodistas de establecer estructuras permanentes con los partidos políticos principales a fin de examinar los ataques perpetrados a los periodistas.", "30. El Grupo Especial de Expertos también señaló que con arreglo a información recibida después de haberse formulado denuncias por presentación de informes de prensa poco serios, la Comisión Goldstone había pedido al Consejo de Prensa que investigara el papel que habían tenido los medios de comunicación en el presente incremento de los actos de violencia, sobre todo respecto de incidentes como los que habían ocurrido durante una manifestación en Thokoza, habían culminado en la muerte de 13 personas.", "31. En la actualidad se examinan las propuestas para reorganizar la empresa de Radio y Televisión Sudafricanas.", "V. EDUCACION", "32. Durante su testimonio la representante del Comité Nacional de Derechos del Niño, mencionó todos los cambios alentadores y positivos que habían ocurrido en particular la Ley de 1991 sobre medidas provisionales de gobierno local que había sido promulgada para que los comités locales pudieran negociar sus propios modelos de gobierno local sin distinción de razas hasta que se hubiese terminado de preparar la constitución. También mencionó la enmienda a la ley sobre el cuidado de los niños, de 1991, encaminada a permitir la adopción de niños sin que mediaran consideraciones raciales y se refirió asimismo a la enmienda a la Ley de asuntos de educación de 1992 que se había aprobado para facilitar los procedimientos encaminados a que las escuelas pudieran admitir a alumnos de otras razas, se iniciaran procedimientos encaminados a la eliminación de la segregación en los hospitales y de la discriminación en los derechos de pensiones, que anteriormente se reconocían sobre la base de consideraciones raciales. Dijo que a pesar de esos cambios jurídicos, aún no había mejorado la situación actual en las esferas de la salud, la educación y el bienestar social, debido a las dificultades relacionadas con cuestiones de disponibilidad de capacidad de pago y acceso.", "33. Además, la representante informó al Grupo Especial de Expertos de que en 1991, la población de niños y adolescentes de Sudáfrica (menores de 19 años) ascendía a 17.585.922. En 1991, los niños menores de 5 años representaban el 36% del total de la población de Sudáfrica y sólo el 7% de ese grupo tenía acceso a educación y servicios preescolares. En el programa nacional de investigación sobre políticas educacionales de la primera infancia (Educare),", "se había expresado la necesidad de coordinar los programas de educación, atención primaria de la salud, bienestar social, vivienda y desarrollo para satisfacer las necesidades de los niños de forma integrada. En el informe también se había destacado la oposición entre las necesidad de una participación familiar y comunitaria efectiva para la aplicación del programa Educare y la necesidad de promover la unidad nacional y de distribuir los recursos para reparar las injusticias del apartheid dentro de un plan de desarrollo general. Las injusticias del sistema educacional sudafricano alcanzaban su expresión máxima en la educación de la primera infancia y la enseñanza primaria básica, que perpetuaban la desigualdad de los rendimientos. A ese respecto, seguía existiendo las diferencias heredadas del sistema de apartheid en la asignación de los locales de enseñanza y no se había previsto disposiciones financieras para los niños africanos en edades preescolares. Esa práctica se deriva de la forma discriminatoria como se preparaba el presupuesto en el sistema educacional, que aún mantenía la estructura de apartheid. La representante subrayó la importancia de no limitarse, en un acuerdo negociado a los cambios legislativos y la tarea de promover la tradición de aprendizaje y enseñanza, que se había destruido. La violencia había tornado sumamente peligroso el acceso a las escuelas en las zonas afectadas e incluso era muy poco el tiempo que se dedicaba a la instrucción formal de los niños africanos que lograban llegar a la escuela.", "34. La representante dijo a continuación que debido a las estructuras del apartheid que preveían sistemas de enseñanza separados y discriminatorios basados en las diferencias de razas, la enseñanza obligatoria primaria y secundaria no estaba prevista para todos los niños africanos y quedaba a discreción de los diversos departamentos, que se regían por sus propios estatutos. La representante mencionó la propuesta que el gobierno acababa de aprobar encaminada a introducir durante un período mínimo de nueve años la enseñanza obligatoria que correría principalmente por cuenta del Estado. El programa nacional de investigación sobre políticas educacionales (1992) y el ANC, entre otros, habían formulado diversas propuesta para dar estructura", "a una transición gradual del sistema existente, cuya aplicación correspondían", "a 19 departamentos distintos. A juicio de la representante, para llevar a cabo los planes de enseñanza obligatoria primaria y secundaria elemental se necesitarían 125.617 maestros más y otras 11.044 aulas cuyos costos totales superarían los 2.000 millones de rand. Para aplicar el plan de enseñanza obligatoria en el Departamento de Educación y en las escuelas de los territorios patrios, se necesitarían 18.059 maestros más. Habida cuenta del vínculo natural de los programas de desarrollo de la primera infancia con la enseñanza primaria, el aumento de la posibilidades de acceso a ésta conduciría sin lugar a dudas a una mayor realización de las aspiraciones de acceso a una enseñanza superior. En ese contexto, la representante expresó la necesidad de que se prestara asistencia al Consejo Ejecutivo de Transición y se le alentara a colaborar en estrecho contacto con las estructuras democráticas para lograr soluciones aceptables.", "VI. DERECHOS SINDICALES", "35. Se informó de que los cambios políticos conducentes a la formación del Consejo Ejecutivo de Transición habían tenido una enorme influencia en los derechos sindicales y las leyes sociales de Sudáfrica. Varios organismos conectados con las cuestiones de derechos sindicales habían modificado su composición y se habían convertido en foros multirraciales. La Comisión Nacional del Trabajo estaba ahora constituido como órganos tripartito pluripartidista. Aunque los puestos en los niveles más altos no se seguían reservando a los blancos, la situación de los trabajadores negros no había cambiado, puesto que seguían sin acceso a la capacitación necesaria.", "36. La ley de Administración Pública de 1993 que trata de los funcionarios fue aprobada en mayo de 1993. Sin embargo, esos acontecimientos positivos aún no han logrado mejorar ni la situación de los trabajadores domésticos ni de los trabajadores agrícolas cuyo número asciende aproximadamente a un millón. Se informó de que aún seguían pendientes en el Parlamento dos leyes relacionadas con los trabajadores domésticos y agrícolas.", "37. Según la información recibida, había numerosas armas en poder de la población civil y, en particular, con arreglo al programa de subsidio estatal, los agricultores blancos estaban fuertemente armados, lo que complicaba aún más la relación social entre los agricultores y sus empleados. Los empleadores y los trabajadores no habían participado en las negociaciones constitucionales en calidad de tales lo cual podría socavar los derechos de estos últimos.", "38. Los trabajadores agrícolas dependían totalmente del propietario de la granja en lo concerniente a las viviendas para sus familias. En algunos casos, además la institución escolar corría por cuenta de los agricultores, circunstancia ésta que, según se informó, podrá impedir que los trabajadores agrícolas pudieran organizarse por sí mismos.", "VII. NEGOCIACIONES CONSTITUCIONALES", "39. Después de llegar, a comienzos de septiembre, a un acuerdo en las conversaciones multilaterales sobre la formación de un Consejo Ejecutivo de Transición, el Parlamento sudafricano aprobó la medida el 23 de septiembre de 1993. El 24 de septiembre de 1993, el Sr. Nelson Mandela pronunció un discurso ante la Asamblea General y pidió que se levantaran las sanciones económicas impuestas a Sudáfrica.", "VIII. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES", "A. Conclusiones", "40. El Grupo Especial de Expertos deplora que el Gobierno de Sudáfrica no le haya permitido realizar una visita al país para evaluar la situación de derechos humanos imperante en Sudáfrica, de conformidad con la resolución 1993/9 de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos.", "41. Se sigue violando impunemente el derecho a la vida. Tan sólo en agosto de 1993 se registraron 554 muertes como consecuencia de la violencia en el país. En los siete primeros meses de 1993, 2.000 personas resultaron muertas en actos de violencia política. Existe una clara responsabilidad directa o indirecta, de las fuerzas de seguridad respecto de estas bajas.", "42. El aumento en el número de víctimas fatales que se ha producido con posterioridad a la decisión de celebrar elecciones para formar la Asamblea Constituyente en abril de 1994 despierta sospechas de que haya habido actos deliberados de parte de algunas fuerzas de extrema derecha para frustrar el proceso democrático.", "43. La violencia endémica es un elemento clave en la crisis sudafricana. Según los diversos testimonios presentados al Grupo Especial de Expertos, esa violencia es principalmente producto de rivalidades políticas y de que se ha dado en la llamada \"tercera fuerza\", en clara referencia a las funciones de la policía y las fuerzas de seguridad. Es evidente que si no se pone fin al aumento de la violencia y si la policía no adopta medidas de prevención o de intervención más rápidas y eficaces, disminuirán inevitablemente las posibilidades de lograr una solución pacífica y democrática de la crisis política y de erradicar totalmente el sistema de apartheid.", "44. Las detenciones sin juicio con arreglo a los artículos 29 y 50 de la Ley de Seguridad Interior y con arreglo a las disposiciones sobre zonas de disturbios, siguen contraviniendo las libertades individuales en Sudáfrica y, por consiguiente, deberían ser abolidas. Al Grupo Especial de Expertos también le preocupan las detenciones sin juicio realizadas en los territorios patrios, sobre todo en Bophuthatswana.", "45. En los siete primeros meses de 1993 se registraron 25 muertes de personas bajo custodia policial. El Grupo Especial de Expertos está profundamente preocupado por que en Sudáfrica aún haya personas que mueren mientras se encuentran bajo custodia policial. El Grupo insta al Gobierno de Sudáfrica a velar por que se adopten todas las medidas necesarias para poner fin a esta escandalosa violación del derecho a la vida y expresa la esperanza de que la Junta Policial, que es posible que inicie sus funciones a fines de 1993, desempeñe un papel positivo a esos efectos.", "46. Aún sigue vigente el sistema de territorios patrios que ha merecido una condena general de la comunidad internacional, a pesar de la derogación de importantes leyes de apartheid en 1991. A juzgar por las medidas recientemente adoptadas de incorporar más tierras a los llamados \"territorios autónomos\" parece que el Gobierno de Sudáfrica aún tiene la intención de perpetuar el sistema de bantustanes. Asimismo es extraño que en virtud de la Ley de 1993, la posibilidad de que se revoque el estatuto de los territorios patrios dependa del consentimiento o la petición del Gobierno del territorio autónomo pertinente.", "47. El Grupo Especial de Expertos considera que hay que examinar cuidadosamente toda la cuestión de la libertad de prensa y del cumplimiento responsable de la función informativa. La objetividad en la evaluación y el derecho de las personas a la información son cuestiones que revisten importancia especial en momentos que se examinan propuestas relacionadas con la libertad de expresión.", "48. El Grupo observa que hay diversos factores que han conducido a que se trate de poner freno a la libertad de la prensa mediante la aplicación de medidas violentas. En circunstancias en que por conducto de las negociaciones constitucionales se adoptan decisiones sobre principios fundamentales e importantes, es necesario que se conceda a la libertad de expresión la importancia que le corresponde.", "49. En 1991 la población de niños y adolescentes menores de 19 años de edad de Sudáfrica ascendía 17.585.922. Los niños negros no tienen acceso a la enseñanza obligatoria. A los niños de razas diferentes se les aplican tratos diferentes de los que se encargan departamentos separados.", "50. Si bien reconoce las medidas que se han adoptado para introducir reformas relacionadas con los derechos de los trabajadores en los sectores agrícola, doméstico y público, el Grupo Especial de Expertos observa con preocupación que esas medidas no se ajustan suficientemente a las normas internacionales del trabajo por las que se rigen las asociaciones tripartitas de todo el mundo.", "51. El ambiente político mejoró apreciablemente después del acuerdo concertado en la Conferencia Multipartita sobre el establecimiento de un Consejo Ejecutivo de Transición y de un acuerdo anterior sobre la fijación de la fecha de elecciones para el 27 de abril de 1994.", "52. En ese contexto, el Grupo estima que el levantamiento de las sanciones comerciales y económicas impuestas a Sudáfrica, como propuso el Sr. Nelson Mandela, constituye un paso importante para el proceso de reincorporación del país en la comunidad internacional.", "53. Sin embargo, la actitud hostil de la extrema derecha blanca y de las autoridades locales en tres bantustanes, KwaZulu, Bophuthatswana y Ciskei, el comportamiento discriminatorio de las fuerzas de seguridad en Sudáfrica y el aumento de la violencia en todo el país podrían poner en peligro el funcionamiento adecuado del Consejo Ejecutivo de Transición, las próximas elecciones y la reincorporación de Sudáfrica en la comunidad internacional.", "54. El hecho de que las autoridades sudafricanas no protejan por igual a todos los ciudadanos ha traído por consecuencia la acumulación de una enorme cantidad de armas adquiridas por razones de autodefensa en manos de particulares .", "B. Recomendaciones", "55. Las instituciones gubernamentales, en particular la Fuerza de Defensa de Sudáfrica y la policía sudafricana deberían dar pruebas de una mayor decisión para poner freno al aumento de la violencia y asumir la responsabilidad de garantizar la seguridad de todos los ciudadanos sin discriminación. Se deben investigar las tendencias de extrema derecha de algunos miembros de la policía y del ejército que afectan a sus actividades oficiales y en los casos en que encuentren pruebas se deberá proceder a dar de baja inmediatamente a esas personas.", "56. Se debería tratar de formar a los miembros de la fuerza de seguridad proporcionándoles una reorientación profesional que se ajuste a las normas internacionales.", "57. El Grupo Especial de Expertos recomienda la abolición de los artículos 29 y 50 de la Ley de Seguridad Interior y otras disposiciones represivas que aún están vigentes; y que al mismo tiempo se descarten disposiciones análogas aplicables en los territorios patrios.", "58. Se debería conceder una amnistía general a las personas condenadas a muerte por haber realizado actividades contra el apartheid que podrían considerarse motivadas por consideraciones políticas.", "59. Se recomienda que se proceda a la abolición inmediata de la pena de muerte y que las sentencias de todos los condenados a muerte se reemplacen por otras formas de castigo.", "60. El sistema de bantustanes, que estableció unilateralmente el Gobierno de Sudáfrica sin celebrar consultas con los territorios interesados, se debería abolir rápidamente sin necesidad de pedir la autorización o el consentimiento de los territorios nominalmente independientes o de los territorios autónomos.", "61. El Grupo espera que todas las partes negociadoras consideren que la libertad de expresión es uno de los derechos humanos fundamentales.", "62. Aunque la propuesta recientemente adoptada de aplicar el sistema de enseñanza obligatoria de nueve años, sea loable, el Gobierno de Sudáfrica debería adoptar medidas urgentes y ponderadas para suministrar los recursos humanos y materiales que fuesen necesarios. A esos efectos, también debería prestar asistencia la comunidad internacional.", "63. Se recomienda que el Gobierno de Sudáfrica invite a la OIT a prestar asesoramiento sobre los cambios que se han de introducir con el fin de cumplir con las normas internacionales del trabajo.", "64. En cualquier constitución provisional deberían consignarse todas las normas internacionales reconocidas en la esfera de los derechos humanos.", "65. Junto con asumir la responsabilidad de garantizar la seguridad pública sin discriminación, el Gobierno debería adoptar medidas firmes para incautarse de todas las armas que en la actualidad están en manos de particulares.", "Notas", "¹ E/CN.4/1993/14, párrs. 133 a 138, págs. 32 y 33.", "² Véase E/CN.4/1993/14, párrs. 165 a 170, págs. 40 y 41.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/525", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (c)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS:", "HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATIONS", "REPORT OF RAPPORTEURS AND REPRESENTATIVES", "SPECIAL", "The human rights situation in South Africa", "Note by the Secretary-General", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly the preliminary report on the situation of human rights in South Africa prepared by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Southern Africa of the Commission on Human Rights, in accordance with Commission resolution 1993/9 of 26 February 1993 and Economic and Social Council decision 1993/257 of 28 July 1993.", "Council", "TABLE OF CONTENTS", "Paragraphs Page", "I. INTRODUCTION 1 - 10 3", "II.RIGHT TO LIFE 11 - 20 4", "A. Intensification of violence . 11 - 12 4", "B.Detention without trial 13 - 14 5", "C.Deaths in custody or detention", "custody 15 - 17 5", "D.Political proceedings 18 6", "E. Political prisoners 19 6", "F. Executions . 20 7", "III.BANTOUSSTANS 21 - 28 7", "IV.FREEDOM OF THE PRESS 29 - 31 9", "V. EDUCATION 32 - 34 9", "VI.SYNDICAL RIGHTS 35 - 38 11", "VII.CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS 39 11", "VIII.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 40 - 65 12", "A. Conclusions 40 - 54 11", "B.Recommendations 55 - 65 13", "I. INTRODUCTION", "1.At its forty-ninth session, the Commission on Human Rights adopted resolution 1993/9 of 26 February 1993, in which it decided to renew for a period of two years the mandate of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Southern Africa, established by the General Assembly in its resolution 2 (XXIII) of 6 March 1967.In its resolution 1993/9, the Commission, inter alia, requested the Ad Hoc Group of Experts to continue to examine the situation of human rights violations in South Africa, to submit its interim report to the Commission at its fiftieth session and its final report at its fifty-first session, and to submit a preliminary report to the General Assembly at its forty-eighth and forty-ninth sessions.", "2.The Ad Hoc Group is currently composed of the following six experts appointed by the Commission on Human Rights and acting in their individual capacity: Mr. Mikuin Leliel Balanda (Zaïre), Chairperson/Rapporteur, Mr. Felix Ermacora (Austria), Vice-Chairperson, Mr. Armando Entralgo (Cuba), Mr. Elly-Elikunda Mtango (United Republic of Tanzania), Mr. Zoran Paji_ (Bosnia and Herzegovina), and Mr. Mulka Govinda Reddy (India).", "3.At its forty-ninth session, the Commission on Human Rights, in accordance with its resolution 1993/9, requested the Government of South Africa to authorize the Ad Hoc Group of Experts to visit South Africa to collect information from individuals and organizations with a view to assessing the human rights situation in South Africa.", "4.In response to that request, the representative of the Government of South Africa was contacted again.On behalf of the Special Unit, the Assistant Secretary-General made a request on 1 March 1993.He also discussed the issue with a delegation of parliamentarians, with whom he had held consultations in Geneva, and who had expressed their willingness to facilitate the Special Unit's mission.On 6 April 1993, the Chairman renewed, on behalf of the Panel, the request of the Panel for permission to visit South Africa to assess the human rights situation.Following informal contacts, the Permanent Representative of the Government of South Africa to the United Nations Office at Geneva indicated that the visit would be inappropriate, as the situation in the country was very difficult.The Special Group regrets that the Government of South Africa has never accepted the Commission's requests to allow the Special Unit to visit the country to assess the human rights situation there.The Special Group continues to hope that the relevant South African authorities, referring to Commission resolutions, will authorize it to visit the country prior to the fiftieth session of the Commission.", "5.In order to submit the reports requested of the Special Unit to the General Assembly and the Commission on Human Rights, as in previous years, the Special Unit has received testimony from outside South Africa.For example, he held hearings in Gaborone from 16 to 19 August 1993 and in Harare from 20 to 27 August 1993 to gather information and hear statements from individuals and organizations with direct knowledge of the situation in South Africa.The information and statements covered the following topics: the situation following the repeal of certain apartheid laws (including in the areas of health and education), the right to life, detention and death during police custody, cases of torture and abuse, capital punishment and executions, administration of justice, political trials, torture and ill-treatment of children in detention, trade union activities, constitutional negotiations and escalation of violence and its process of death.", "6.In Gaborone, the Panel heard statements from representatives of the African National Congress (ANC), the Independent Board of Inquiry and the Anti-Censorship Action Group and individuals.", "7.The Panel then collected information in Harare from representatives of the South African Human Rights Commission, the National Association of Democratic Lawyers, Lawyers for Human Rights, the ANC, the Centre for Applied Legal Studies of the University of Witwatersrand, and individuals.", "8.In Geneva, the Panel heard statements from representatives of the International Labour Office (ILO) on recent developments in the right to organize and the situation of black workers in South Africa.The Special Rapporteur will assess in his final report to the Commission on Human Rights at its fiftieth session the special report of the Director-General of ILO submitted to the International Labour Conference at its eightieth session on the implementation of the Declaration on Action against Apartheid in South Africa.", "9.The Panel heard testimony from 15 witnesses in total.", "10.The present report, which should be read in conjunction with the Panel's last report to the Commission on Human Rights (E/CN.4/1993/14), briefly analyses the main developments in South Africa relating to human rights between February and September 1993.The Panel adopted the draft resolution on 30 September 1993.", "II.RIGHT TO LIFE", "A.Intensification of violence", "11.The Special Group noted that the situation with regard to violence had been very encouraging in the early months of 1993, and that the number of deaths and injuries had decreased considerably.But things had begun to change and the number of deaths had increased shortly after the opening of the constitutional negotiations, especially after the Multiparty Negotiating Forum had set the date of the elections on 27 April 1993, with a view to the constitution of the Transitional Executive Council.Violence seems to continue to intensify.According to statistics published by the South African Human Rights Commission, 554 deaths were recorded in August 1993 alone, making it the third most deadly month.An average of 18 deaths per day, more than twice the average in the previous three years, were reported.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission informed the Special Group that 2,000 people had fallen victims of political and other violence in the first seven months of 1993, and that nearly 3,000 had been injured.He said that since August 1992, violence that had moved from the Pretoria, Witwatersrand and Vaal areas to the Natal region had resurfaced in recent months.According to the representative of the South African Human Rights Commission, the death record in July 1993 in the region was more than half of the deaths recorded in the country as a whole.", "Killing of Chris Hani", "12.Politically motivated violence culminated with the absurd assassination in April 1993 of Chris Hani, Secretary General of the South African Communist Party;The murder was all the more disturbing as it occurred when all the parties involved were making enormous efforts to reach a negotiated settlement on a constitutional mechanism that would allow the spoliated majority of the South African population to establish a multi-party democratic government.When we move towards consensus, it is inevitable that extremist reactions will occur.On the other hand, there is a sincere desire to work for peace and reconciliation, as evidenced by the fact that it is to the prompt intervention of a White woman, who is close to Mr. Hani, that one must have arrested a suspect who was implicated in the assassination.According to the representative of the Lawyers for Human Rights, during the ensuing period of tension and instability, it was through the mechanisms of the National Peace Agreement, as well as the appeals of leaders from all groups, that violent incidents could be prevented during funeral ceremonies.This was partly because the committees established under the National Peace Agreement, which were directly focused on the local population, could promote and maintain peace, a crucial task in the face of the rise of violence.", "B.Detention without trial", "13.One hundred and seventeen persons were reportedly detained without trial under section 29 of the Internal Security Act during the first seven months of 1993.Four of these persons had not yet been released by the end of July 1993.Seventy-four people were detained under section 50 of the same Act, which allows 14 days of pre-trial detention.However, no detention was registered during the same period under section 31 of the Act.In addition, 21 persons are still reportedly detained under the Unrest Areas Regulations.", "14.Under similar laws in the so-called \"homelands\", where they were not modified, 55 people were detained in Bophuthatswana.The Panel noted that information from the South African Human Rights Commission indicated that no similar cases had been reported in Transkei, Ciskei or Venda.", "C.Deaths in custody or custody", "15.According to the representative of the South African Human Rights Commission, no deaths were recorded during detention during the first seven months of 1993.However, 25 cases of deaths in custody were recorded during the same period.The Special Group noted with pleasure in this regard the establishment in March 1992 of the Police Council under the National Peace Agreement.The council, which was to be established in the Witwatersrand and Vaal regions, was expected to commence its activities before the end of 1993.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission further indicated that local committees were required to conduct unannounced visits to police cells, and that, with the consent of the latter, a group of civilians would be permitted, as part of a programme of visits, to examine the cells at any time of the day or night in order to interview any prisoner and report on the visit.Local police stations should maintain a register of all information on the arrests and places of detention of arrested persons.Furthermore, all such information would be made available to those directly concerned by the arrests.", "16.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission referred to several investigations into deaths in police custody, and to cases where, as a result of those investigations, South African police officers had been suspended pending the outcome of the investigation or a decision of the Attorney General.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission also informed the Special Unit of the decisions taken by the Attorney General to prosecute police officers in custody.", "17.According to the September 1993 Amnesty International Bulletin, the Witwatersrand Attorney General has stated, in rare cases, his intention to charge a police lieutenant with the murder of Bethuel Maphumulo, who was killed in detention in 1990.The Bulletin also stated that this decision followed the Maphumulo family's campaign for more than two years with lawyers and human rights defenders to charge the police officer accused of the murder.The case would be decided by the Supreme Court.", "D.Political trials", "18.According to information received by the Special Unit, political trials continue to be conducted under the Internal Security Act: 90 trials involving 860 accused were reportedly held between January and June 1993.Of these, 145 persons were convicted, 211 acquitted, all charges were withdrawn, and 79 pleaded guilty and fined.Twenty-one people had escaped justice, and one person had obtained immunity.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission also reported that, at the end of July 1993, 81 political trials involving 827 accused persons were under way.", "E. Political prisoners", "19.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission reported that the Joint Commission of Inquiry, established in 1992 to identify political prisoners eligible for release as political prisoners, had a list of 49 persons meeting the required criteria.The Commission had already established that 13 of the remaining prisoners were incarcerated and that 17 more cases were being examined.The South African Human Rights Commission ranks the remaining 19 as political prisoners, who should be entitled to compensation1.", "F. Implementation", "20.The Special Group was informed that there had been no executions during the period under review, although there were 302 persons awaiting execution, 29 of whom were sentenced to death for crimes in 1993.", "III.BANTOUSTANS", "21.As the Special Group has already been pointed out on several occasions, and according to recent information from Africa Watch, apartheid in its original conception was intended, and the Special Group wishes to recall, to strip all black South African nationals of their South African nationality, in exchange for the nationality of the so-called \"independent States\" located within South African borders.In fact, while all the major ethnic groups of purely African origin in South Africa have eventually been divided among the different homelands, the system has never been fully implemented.Many Africans have continued to live, legally or not, in areas officially reserved exclusively for whites;In addition, only four of the homelands (the Transkei, the Bophithatswana, the Venda and the Ciskei, known as the TBVC states) became theoretically independent.The other six are considered \"autonomous territories\" and South African law does not recognize their sovereignty, although they have in principle a fairly broad legislative and executive autonomy.In practice, the inhabitants of the TBVC states, who are theoretically independent and \"self-governing territories\", see little difference between them.The Government of South Africa repealed the main laws establishing apartheid in South Africa outside the homelands in 1991, although the laws creating them remain in force.", "22.The reintegration of the \"homelands\" into the Republic of South Africa is one of the most controversial issues in the multilateral negotiations on the transition to government by the majority, which began in 1990.The South African Government believes that the reintegration of some of these territories is conditional on the agreement of the Governments concerned, as they see sovereign States.With regard to the autonomous territories, the Government of South Africa enacted legislation in 1993 to revoke the jurisdiction of the six \"non-independent\" homelands.However, this option will only be exercised with the \"consent or at the request of the Government of the autonomous territory concerned\".", "23.In August 1992, it was reported that the Government of South Africa was considering the placement of an additional 1.2 million hectares of land under the control of the KwaZulu, QwaQwa and Lebowa autonomous territories.Other land would also be provided to KaNgwane, KwaNdebele and Gazankulu.According to the Government itself, more than half of these lands are already under permanent development and occupation.Approximately 600,000 hectares of this land were to be returned to KwaZulu.According to some reports, the Government refused to disclose the exact location of the land in question, which was not disclosed to the public until the Association for Rural Progress (AFRA), a non-governmental organization dealing with land and development issues, had conducted research on the matter.The land is located in various locations in Natal and includes villages that had previously opposed integration into homeland.The land transfer project immediately provoked protests from a wide range of organizations, including the ANC, as well as human rights and development groups.A joint press release condemning the Government's proposal was issued by AFRA, Black Sash, the Adult Education Centre of the University of Natal (Pietermaritzburg), Five Freedoms Forum, the South African Human Rights Commission, Lawyers for Human Rights, the Legal Resources Centre, the Natal Midlands Rural Development Network Executive, Pietermaritzburg Association for Christian Social Action, and the South African Catholic Bishops Conference.", "24.The land that the Government intended to transfer to homeland was previously in the hands of the South African Development Trust (SADT), an organ established by the Development Trust and Land Act of 1936 to manage land for transfer to homelands.The Development Trust and Land Act was repealed by the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act 1991, and the SADT was dissolved on April 1, 1992.The land held by the Government was transferred to the Ministry of Territory and Regional Affairs (formerly the Ministry of Development Assistance), which is responsible for the autonomous territories;These are the lands that would now be under the control of the homelands.If the details of the transfer remain unclear, the Deputy Minister of the Territory, Mr. Johan Scheepers, stated that the lands to be transferred would continue to be part of South Africa and subject to South Africa's law, but that the services would be provided in association with South Africa.No further details were provided on what exactly was covered by this combination administration.According to information received about other cases where land continued to be part of South Africa in principle, while administered by a homeland, there was no difference in practice from a simple property transfer.", "25.In its 1991 White Paper on Agrarian Reform, the South African Government recognized that there was no room for new land to be included in the homelands.During the 1992 multilateral negotiations, all parties, including the Governments of the autonomous territories, agreed to a moratorium on any further land change.Nevertheless, the Government has found these new changes \"in line with the principles and guidelines of the Government's White Paper on Agrarian Reform\", on the grounds that the transfer of ownership of these lands to the homelands is not a matter of full ownership.The transfer of administrative control was a compromise, accepted because \"the six territories had put increasing pressure on the Government to honour its old promises in this regard\".", "26.The Governments of Lebowa and QwaQwa have accepted the Government's proposed joint administrative transfer, with the KwaZulu Government claiming a full transfer of authority over the land for its benefit.", "27.On 1 February 1993, the Deputy Minister of the Territory, Johan Scheepers, reportedly stated that the Government did not intend to impose a moratorium on land transfer.In June 1993, the Government promoted two laws (Regulation of Joint Executive Action Looking Certain Land Act 109/1993 and Joint Administration of Certain Matters Act 99/1993), empowering the President of the State to give effect to the agreements concluded for the joint administration of lands outside the boundaries of the autonomous territories.In August 1993, South Africa and KwaZulu announced that they had reached a compromise on the land allocated to KwaZulu.The transfer would proceed, but the KwaZulu would not exercise full authority over the lands, with South Africa maintaining control over law enforcement and education and other services administered in association.Two key regions, Clermont (township at the gates of Durban, which had long and fiercely opposed integration before), and Edendale (near Pietermaritzburg, which had been the scene of horrific violence), would be excluded from the operation.According to the information available, no land has yet been transferred under this agreement.", "28.The Special Group was informed that the issue of homelands had never been adequately discussed or discussed during the initial phase of constitutional negotiations.", "IV.FREEDOM OF THE PRESS", "29.The representative of the Censorship Action Group informed the Ad Hoc Group of Experts that there had been an increase in attacks on journalists and members of the press.She referred to events during meetings and demonstrations held in memory of Chris Hani, as well as attacks on journalists who attempted on other occasions to make photographic and other reports on crowds looting and burning everywhere.She spoke of an attack on a shooting operator and a journalist from the South African Broadcasting Corporation on 23 April 1993, which had caused the latter's death.In the face of the proliferation of such events, the South African Union of Journalists had adopted, at its annual congress, a resolution to establish, in conjunction with the main political parties, permanent mechanisms to discuss attacks against journalists.", "30.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts noted that, according to information received following allegations of irresponsible reporting, the Goldstone Commission had requested the Press Council to investigate the responsibility of the media in the current escalation of violence, particularly in respect of incidents such as those that occurred during a demonstration in Thokoza, which resulted in the death of 13 persons.", "31.Proposals to reorganize the South African Broadcasting Corporation are under consideration.", "V. EDUCATION", "32.In her testimony, the representative of the National Committee on the Rights of the Child referred to all the encouraging changes that had taken place, in particular the adoption of the Interim Measure of Local Government Act of 1991, which was intended to allow local committees to negotiate their own models of non-racial local government, pending the development of the Constitution.She also referred to the Child Care Amendment Act of 1991, which aims to allow for the adoption of children regardless of race.She also mentioned the Education Affairs Amendment Act of 1992, which aimed to open the doors of educational institutions to students of other races, as well as the introduction of measures to desegregate hospitals and measures to eliminate racial discrimination in the award of pensions.She said that, despite these legal changes, the situation in the areas of health, education, social security, etc. had not yet improved due to the difficulties caused by the lack of supply, the high costs and the obstacles to access to these services.", "33.In addition, she said that there were 17,585,922 young people under the age of 19 in 1991.In the same year, children under the age of 5 accounted for 36% of the total population of South Africa, but only 7% had access to education and preschool care.The National Education Policy Investigation on Early Childhood Educare had shown that there was a need to coordinate education, primary health care, social security, housing and development programmes to address the needs of children in a comprehensive manner.It also stressed the need to reconcile the need for families and communities to participate effectively in the provision of education and care services with the need to promote national unity and to allocate resources to address apartheid inequalities through a comprehensive development plan.The South African education system was particularly inequitable in terms of education and care, as well as basic primary education, which perpetuated the inequality of results.Similarly, the differentiation between educational facilities inherited from the apartheid system remained, and no credit was provided for African preschool children.This practice was due to the discriminatory way in which the education budget was calculated, which maintained the structure of apartheid.The witness stressed that we must go beyond mere legislative changes and find a negotiated solution by committing ourselves to promoting a culture based on learning and teaching, which had been destroyed.Because of the violence, school attendance was extremely dangerous in the affected areas and African children who were able to attend school spent little time in institutionalised education.", "34.The representative added that, owing to the structures of apartheid, which provided for separate systems of racially discriminatory education, there was no compulsory education at the primary and secondary levels for all African children and that education depended on the different administrative bodies that each had their own laws.She mentioned a recent Government measure to make schooling compulsory for at least 9 years;This education would be mainly taken over by the State.The National Education Policy Investigation of 1992 and the ANC, among others, had put forward various proposals for restructuring, through a multi-phase transition, the existing system currently managed by 19 different administrative entities.According to the witness, compulsory primary and lower secondary school attendance would require 125,617 teachers and 11,044 additional classrooms, which would cost a total of over R$ 2 billion.In order to introduce compulsory education in schools under the Ministry of Education and Homelands, an additional 18,059 teachers would be required.Due to the natural link with early childhood development programmes, it is unquestionable that by opening up more primary education, more students would be able to study more fully.In this context, the representative said that it was necessary to support the Transitional Executive Council and encourage it to work closely with democratic structures to find acceptable solutions.", "VI.SYNDICAL RIGHTS", "35.It was reported that the political changes that led to the establishment of the Transitional Educational Council had had a clear impact on trade union rights and labour legislation in South Africa.Several bodies linked to trade union organizations had changed their composition in a multiracial sense.The National Manpower Commission was now a tripartite and multiracial body.Although higher-level jobs are no longer reserved for white workers, the situation of black workers has not changed, as they have not yet had access to the necessary training.", "36.The Public Service Act 1993 had been adopted in May 1993.However, this positive development had not yet resulted in an improvement in the situation of domestic workers or agricultural workers estimated at 1 million.It was reported that two bills concerning domestic and agricultural workers were still under consideration in Parliament.", "37.According to the information provided, many weapons were held by the civilian population and, in particular, under the Government's State subsidy plan, white farmers were armed to their teeth, which could further complicate the relationship between farmers and their employees.Employers and employees did not participate as such in constitutional negotiations, which could undermine workers' rights.", "38.Agricultural workers were entirely dependent on the owner of the farm for family housing, and sometimes on the education of children.This situation could very well prevent agricultural workers from organizing themselves.", "VII.CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS", "39.In early September, multilateral negotiations resulted in an agreement on the formation of a transitional executive council, which the South African Parliament approved on 23 September 1993.The following day, Mr. Nelson Mandela addressed the General Assembly to call for the lifting of economic sanctions against South Africa.", "VIII.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS", "A.Conclusions", "40.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts regrets that the Government of South Africa has not authorized it to visit the country to assess the human rights situation in South Africa, in accordance with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993/9.", "41.The right to life continues to be violated with impunity.In August 1993 alone, 554 deaths were recorded as a result of violence in the country.In the first seven months of 1993, 2,000 people were killed, victims of political violence.In this regard, it is clear that the security forces are directly or indirectly involved.", "42.The increase in the number of deaths following the decision to hold elections to the Constituent Assembly in April 1994 suggests that this is deliberate action by some right-wing circles who want to play a role in the democratic process.", "43.Endemic violence is a constant of the crisis in South Africa.According to the various testimonies heard by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts, it is mainly due to political rivalries and the so-called \"third force\", which clearly designates the police and the security forces.It is clear that if the escalation of violence is not stopped and the police do not carry out preventive activities or interventions more quickly and effectively, the chances of a peaceful and democratic solution to the political crisis and of dismantling apartheid will inevitably be reduced.", "44.Detention without trial pursuant to sections 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and the Unrest Areas Regulations are violations of individual freedoms in South Africa and must be stopped.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts is also concerned about the detention without trial in the so-called \"homelands\", particularly in Bophuthatswana.", "45.In the first seven months of 1993, 25 deaths were reported in police custody.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts is concerned that deaths continue to occur in South Africa during police custody.It urges the Government of South Africa to ensure that all necessary measures are taken to put an end to this grave violation of the right to life;In that connection, he hoped that the Police Board, which might start to sit by the end of 1993, would have a positive role to play.", "46.The homeland system, which was widely condemned by the international community, remained in force despite the repeal of the main segregationist laws on apartheid in 1991.Recent measures to allocate new land to so-called \"self-governing territories\" suggest that the South African Government still intends to perpetuate the Bantustan system.It is also curious that the 1993 Act, which provides for the possible abolition of homelands, is subject to the consent or request of the Government of the Autonomous Territory concerned.", "47.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts believes that the whole issue of press freedom and the exercise of the function of journalist deserves careful attention.An objective assessment of things and the right of the public to be informed are all the more important issues as proposals on freedom of expression are being considered.", "48.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts notes that several factors have led to attempts to limit press freedom through violence.Now that the fundamental principles of constitutional negotiations are being debated, the freedom of expression should be given all the attention it deserves.", "49.In 1991, there were 17,585,922 children in South Africa.Education is not compulsory for black children.Children are treated differently according to the race to which they belong and each race is dealt with by a separate administrative entity.", "50.While welcoming the steps already taken to introduce reforms on the rights of agricultural workers, domestic workers and civil servants, the Ad Hoc Group of Experts notes with concern that these measures do not sufficiently conform to international labour standards applicable to partners in tripartite arrangements around the world.", "51.The political climate improved significantly following the conclusion of an agreement at the multi-party conference on the establishment of a transitional executive council and a previous agreement setting the date for the elections on 27 April 1994.", "52.In this context, the Ad Hoc Group of Experts considers the lifting of trade and economic sanctions against South Africa as an important step in the process of reintegration of the country into the international community.", "53.However, hostility by extreme right-wing whites and local authorities in the three Bantustans of KwaZulu, Bophuthatswana and Ciskei, discriminatory behaviour by security forces in South Africa and renewed violence throughout the country threaten the smooth functioning of the Transitional Executive Council, the forthcoming holding of elections and the reintegration of South Africa into the international community.", "54.The fact that the South African authorities do not provide equal protection for all citizens leads individuals to accumulate a whole arsenal to ensure their own defence.", "B.Recommendations", "55.Public institutions, in particular the police and the South African defence forces, should be more determined to indicate violence and ensure the safety of all without discrimination.The allegations that some elements of the police and armed forces would betray their sympathies for the far right in the performance of their duties should be investigated and those who were convinced of such conduct should be immediately dismissed.", "56.The training of members of the security forces should be sought to familiarize them with the relevant international standards by organizing refresher courses for them.", "57.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts recommends the abolition of articles 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and other remaining repressive regulations and the repeal of comparable domestic regulations.", "58.A general amnesty should be proclaimed for all those sentenced to death for anti-apartheid activities that could be considered politically motivated.", "59.It is recommended that the death penalty be abolished immediately and commuted to all death row prisoners.", "60.The Bantustan system, which was unilaterally established by the South African Government without consultation with the territories concerned, should be abolished rapidly without the need for a request to that effect from nominally independent homelands or autonomous territories or for their consent.", "61.The Group hopes that freedom of expression will be considered by all negotiating parties as one of the fundamental human rights.", "62.While welcoming the recent step towards the establishment of a nine-year compulsory education system, the Ad Hoc Group of Experts considered that the Government of South Africa should act diligently and resolutely to provide the necessary human and material resources.In that regard, the international community should also assist.", "63.It is recommended that the Government of South Africa seek advice and advice from ILO on reforms to comply with international labour standards.", "64.Any provisional constitution should enshrine all recognized international human rights standards.", "65.The Government must guarantee the safety of all without discrimination and, in that regard, should take determined measures to secure the surrender of all weapons currently held by private individuals.", "Notes", "1 E/CN.4/1993/14, para.133-138, pp. 32-33.", "2 See E/CN.4/1993/14, paras. 164-170.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 525", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "Agenda item 114 (c)", "HUMAN RIGHTS QUESTIONS: HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATIONS AND", "AND REPORTS OF SPECIAL RAPPORTEURS", "AND SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES", "Situation of human rights in South Africa", "Note by the Secretary-General", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly the preliminary report on the situation of human rights in South Africa prepared by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Southern Africa of the Commission on Human Rights, in accordance with Commission resolution 1993 / 9 of 26 February 1993 and Economic and Social Council decision 1993 / 257 of 28 July 1993.", "Annex", "CONTENTS", "Paragraphs Page", "I.Introduction 1 - 10 3", "II.Right to life 11 - 20 4", "A.C. Increased violence 11 - 12 4", "B.Detention without trial 13 - 14 5", "C.Deaths during detention", "or in custody 15 - 17 6", "D.Political trials 18 7", "E.Political prisoners 19 7", "F.Executions 20 7", "III.BANTUSTANS 21 - 28 7", "IV.PRESS FREEDOM 29 - 31 9", "V.EDUCATION 32 - 34 9", "VI.SINDICAL RIGHTS 35 - 38 10", "VII.CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS 39 11", "VIII.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 40 - 65 11", "A.Conclusions 40 - 54 11", "B.Recommendations 55 - 65 11", "I.Introduction", "1.At its forty-ninth session, the Commission on Human Rights adopted resolution 1993 / 9 of 26 February 1993, in which it decided to renew for a further period of two years the mandate of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Southern Africa established pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 2 (XXIII) of 6 March 1967.In resolution 1993 / 9, the Commission requested the Group of Experts, inter alia, to continue to review the situation concerning human rights violations in South Africa and to submit an interim and final report to the Commission at its fiftieth and fifty-first sessions, respectively, and to submit preliminary reports to the General Assembly at its forty-eighth and forty-ninth sessions.", "2.The Ad Hoc Expert Group is currently composed of the following six members, acting in their personal capacity and appointed by the Commission on Human Rights:Mr. Mikuin Leliel Balanda (Zaire), Chairman / Rapporteur;Mr. Felix Ermacora (Austria), Vice-President;Armando Entralgo (Cuba); Mr.Mr. Elly- Elikunda Mtango (United Republic of Tanzania); Mr.Zoran Pajic", "(Bosnia and Herzegovina) andMulka Govinda Reddy (India).", "3.At its forty-ninth session, the Commission on Human Rights, in accordance with resolution 1993 / 9, requested the Government of South Africa to authorize the Ad Hoc Expert Group to visit South Africa to obtain information from individuals and organizations to determine the human rights situation in South Africa.", "4.In accordance with this request, once again, a request was made to that effect by the representative of the Government of South Africa and the Assistant Secretary-General on behalf of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on 1 March 1993 and also contacted a delegation of parliamentarians with whom he had held consultations in Geneva and who had expressed interest in facilitating the visit of the Group.On 6 April 1993, the Chairman of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts reiterated, on behalf of the Group, the request to visit South Africa to review the state of the human rights situation in the country.Following other informal meetings, the Permanent Representative of the Government of South Africa informed the United Nations Office at Geneva that, in view of the difficult situation in South Africa, it was not appropriate for such a visit to be made.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts deplores the continued refusal of the Government of South Africa to accept the Commission's requests for the Group's visit to assess the prevailing human rights situation.The Group continues to hope that the relevant authorities in South Africa will comply with the resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights and allow the Group to visit that country before the fiftieth session of the Commission.", "5.In order to fulfil its reporting obligation to the General Assembly and the Commission on Human Rights, the Ad Hoc Group of Experts, in line with past practice, collected testimonies outside South Africa.It therefore held hearings in Gaborone from 16 to 19 August 1993 and in Harare from 20 to 27 August 1993 with the aim of collecting data and collecting testimony from individuals and organizations with direct experience of the situation in South Africa.The cases on which the Ad Hoc Expert Group collected data and collected testimony were: the conditions that existed after the repeal of some apartheid laws (including on health and education), the right to life, detention and deaths in police custody, cases of torture and ill-treatment, capital punishment and executions, the administration of justice, political trials, detention, torture and ill-treatment of children, trade union activities, constitutional negotiations and the situation related to the increase in violence that had led to the death of the victims.", "6.During the meetings in Gaborone, the testimonies of representatives of the African National Congress (ANC), the Independent Board of Inquiry and the Action Group against Censorship were collected.Testimony from interested individuals was also collected.", "7.The Ad Hoc Expert Group collected new data in Harare from representatives of the South African Human Rights Commission, the National Association of Democratic Lawyers, Human Rights Lawyers, ANC, the Centre for Applied Legal Studies of Witwatersrand University and interested individuals.", "8.The Ad Hoc Expert Group received testimonies in Geneva from representatives of the International Labour Office (ILO) on recent developments related to trade union laws and the situation of black workers in South Africa.The special report submitted by the Director-General of ILO at the eightieth meeting of the International Labour Conference on the implementation of the Declaration on Action against Apartheid in South Africa will be evaluated by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts in its final report to the Commission on Human Rights on the", "its fiftieth session.", "9.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts collected testimony from a total of 15 witnesses.", "10.The present report, which should be read in conjunction with the most recent report of the Ad Hoc Group of Experts to the Commission on Human Rights (E / CN.4 / 1993 / 14), is a brief assessment of the main developments related to the human rights situation in South Africa in the period from February to September 1993.It was adopted by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on 30 September 1993.", "II.Right to life", "A.Increased violence", "11.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts noted that the situation related to violence appeared to be very encouraging at the beginning of 1993 and that the number of deaths and injuries had decreased significantly.However, that situation began to change shortly after the constitutional negotiations began and the number of deaths increased, especially after the Multi-Party Negotiating Forum decided that the elections would be held on 27 April 1993, leading to the formation of the Transitional Executive Council.Violence appears to continue to increase.According to statistical data published by the South African Human Rights Commission, 554 deaths were recorded in August 1993 alone, the third highest figure that has been recorded.The average death rate per day was reported to be 18, more than twice the average death rate of the previous three years.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission informed the Ad Hoc Expert Group that 2,000 people had been killed and 3,000 injured in political and other violence during the first seven months of 1993.The witness said that since August 1992, violence had moved from the Pretoria / Witwatersrand / Vaal area to the Natal area.However, in recent months, violence had been rerecorded in the first of these areas.In accordance with information provided by the representative of the South African Human Rights Commission, in July 1993, the number of deaths in that area represented more than half of the total number of fatalities throughout the country.", "The murder of Chris Hani", "12.The violence caused by political reasons was at the top of the absurd murder of Chris Hani, Secretary General of the Communist Party of South Africa, in April 1993, the most worrying event of a period characterized by the efforts of all parties concerned to achieve a negotiated agreement that would serve as a constitutional framework for the dispossessed majority of South Africa to establish a multi-party democratic government.When the possibility of consensus is near, extremist reactions in some sectors are inevitable.It should also be noted that there seems to be a genuine intention to work together for peace and reconciliation, as evidenced by the fact that the rapid intervention of a white neighbour, Mr.Hani, it was an important element in the arrest of a suspect in the murder.In accordance with the statement made by the representative of Human Rights Lawyers, the following tense and unstable times, thanks to the structures of the National Peace Agreement and the appeals made by the leaders of all groups, could prevent violent incidents during the funerals.This was partly due to the fact that the national peace agreement committees could establish contacts at the local level and carry out the task of facilitating and maintaining peace, a vital role given the increase in violence.", "B.Detention without trial", "13.It was reported that, in connection with article 29 of the Internal Security Act, they had been detained in the first seven months of 1993.", "117 people.Four of them were still in detention at the end of July 1993.According to article 50 of the Act, which provides for 14 days of pre-trial detention, 74 arrests were recorded.In addition, no arrests were recorded in connection with article 31 of the Act during that period.It was also reported that 21 persons were still in detention under the provisions on riot areas.", "14.In accordance with similar legislation in force in the patriotic territories, which remains unchanged, 55 arrests were recorded in Bophuthatswana.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts noted that, according to information received from the South African Human Rights Commission, there were no such arrests either in Transkei, Ciskei or Venda.", "C.Deaths during detention or in police custody", "15.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission reported that no deaths of persons in detention had been reported in the first seven months of 1993.However, in the same period, 25 deaths of persons in police custody were recorded.To that end, the Ad Hoc Expert Group had noted with satisfaction the information on the establishment of the Police Board in March 1992 under the National Peace Agreement.It was reported that the Board would be established in the Witwatersrand / Vaal area and was expected to begin its functions by the end of 1993.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission also reported that the local committees were to conduct announced inspections of police cells, which were randomly chosen and, with the agreement of the police and in connection with a programme of visits, a group of civilians would be allowed to inspect the cells at any time of day or night in order to interview and report on any prisoner.A police register was to be established at all local police stations, which would record the persons arrested and the data on the place where they were detained.In addition, all such information would be available to persons directly affected by or interested in the arrests.", "16.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission mentioned a number of investigations that had been made into deaths in police custody and referred to cases in which, after the investigations, South African police officers had been suspended from office while awaiting the outcome of the investigations or the decision of the Attorney-General.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission also drew the attention of the Ad Hoc Expert Group to the decisions of the Prosecutor-General to prosecute police officers involved in cases of persons who had died while in police custody.", "17.In the Amnesty International Information Bulletin of September 1993, it was reported that in July, the Attorney General of Witwatersrand had made an unusual announcement that a police lieutenant was to be charged with the murder of Bethuel Maphumulo who had been killed while in police custody in 1990.It was further reported that the decision to prosecute had been made on the eve of a campaign initiated by the Maphumulo family, lawyers and some human rights activists who had fought for more than two years trying to convince the authorities to make charges against the police officer accused of being responsible for the death.It was reported that the Supreme Court was expected to rule on the matter.", "D.Political trials", "18.In accordance with information received by the Ad Hoc Expert Group, political trials under the Internal Security Act continue to be conducted.During the period from January to June 1993, it was reported that 90 trials involving 860 accused had been conducted.Of these, 145 were found guilty, 211 were exculpated, 403 were charged and 79 were found guilty and fined.Twenty-one of these persons escaped and one was awarded compensation.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission also reported that at the end of July 1993 there were 81 political trials against 827 accused.", "E.Political prisoners", "19.The representative of the South African Human Rights Commission reported that the Joint Verification Committee, established in 1992 to determine which political prisoners were eligible for release, had a list of 49 persons classified in the category of those who were eligible for release.The Committee had completed its consideration of the cases of 13 of these prisoners who were still in prison as political prisoners and the cases of 17 persons were still under consideration.The South African Human Rights Commission has classified the remaining 19 on the list as political prisoners and therefore entitled to consider granting them compensation. 1", "F.Executions", "20.The Ad Hoc Expert Group was informed that no executions had been carried out during the period under review, although it was known that 302 persons were awaiting execution and 29 of them had been sentenced to death in 1993 for criminal offences.", "III.THE BANTUSTANES", "21.As the Ad Hoc Expert Group has previously reported on a number of occasions, and - according to recent information from Africa Watch - it has again, in accordance with the original conception of apartheid, all Black South Africans would lose their South African citizenship and become citizens of \"independent States\" within the borders of South Africa.Although all the major ethnic groups of purely African origin in South Africa were ultimately assigned to a given homeland, the system was never fully implemented.Many Africans continue to live, legitimate or illegitimate, in areas officially intended only for targets; more than that, only four of the patriotic territories (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei) became nominally independent.The remaining six are \"autonomous territories\" and do not have sovereign status under South African law, although they in theory enjoy considerable autonomy in the legislative and executive fields.In practice, there has been little difference for its inhabitants between nominally independent States and the \"self-governing territories.\"Although the South African Government had repealed the most important laws relating to the application of apartheid in South Africa in 1991, but outside the patriotic territories, the statutes with which the patriotic territories had been established still remained in force.", "22.The re-entry of the so-called \"patriotic territories\" in the Republic of South Africa has been one of the most controversial aspects of the multilateral negotiations for the transition to a majority government, which began in 1990.The Government of South Africa has maintained that the reincorporation of some of these \"patriotic territories\" requires the consent of the Governments concerned, as South Africa treats them as sovereign States.In the case of the Self-Governing Territories, the Government of South Africa adopted in 1993 legislation providing for the revocation of the jurisdiction granted to the five \"non-independent\" Territories.However, this power must be exercised only \"with the consent of the Government of the autonomous territory concerned or at the request of the territorial authority concerned.\"", "23.In August 1992, it was reported that the Government of South Africa had planned to give over to the self-governing territories of KwaZulu, QwaQwa and Lebowa the domain of l, 2 million hectares of additional square land.Land would also be offered to KaNgwane, KwaNdebele and Gazankulu.According to an analysis by the Government itself, more than half of this land is already exploited and occupied on a permanent basis.It was expected that approximately 600,000 hectares of these lands would be transferred to KwaZulu.According to information received, the Government had refused to provide details on the exact location of the land to be given, which was only made public following the investigations carried out by the Association for Rural Advancement, a non-governmental organization dealing with land and development issues, in the Public Scripture Office.The affected areas are spread throughout Natal and include communities that previously opposed their entry into the homeland.In the face of the transfer proposals, there was an immediate protest from a wide range of organizations, including the ANC and development and human rights groups.(A joint press release condemning the Government's proposal was issued by the Association for Rural Advancement, Black Sash, the Adult Education Centre of the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Five Freedoms Forum, the Human Rights Commission, Human Rights Lawyers, the Legal Resource Centre, The Natal Midlands Rural Development Network Executive, The Pietermaritzburg Association for Christian Social Action and the Conference of Catholic Bishops of South Africa.)", "24.The land to be transferred was previously in the hands of the South African Development Trust Fund, the land tenure agency that would ultimately be transferred to the patriotic territories, and which had been established under the land ownership laws and the 1936 Fiduciary Development Act.Following the repeal of these laws through the Abolition of Land Measures on the basis of Race Criteria Act 1991, the South African Development Trust Fund was abolished on 1 April 1992.The land in its possession was transferred to the Ministry of Land and Regional Affairs (former Department of Development Assistance), which is responsible for the autonomous territories, and that is the land whose domain has now been transferred to the patriotic territories.Although the details of the transfer are not accurately known, Deputy Minister of Lands Johan Scheepers noted that the land to be transferred would continue to be part of South Africa, and would be subject to South African legislation, but that the provision of services related to that land would be a joint operation.What this joint administration involves has not been clearly specifiedAccording to information received, in previous cases, where land has continued to be part of South Africa but the administration has been on account of a patrous territory, there has been virtually no difference between this system and a complete transfer of ownership.", "25.In its 1991 White Paper on Land Property Reform, the Government of South Africa recognized that there was no basis for future land integration in the patriotic territories.During the 1992 multilateral negotiations, all parties, including the Governments of the Self-Governing Territories, agreed that there should be a moratorium on future land transfers.However, the Government has determined that the new transfers are in accordance with the principles and guidelines contained in the Government's White Paper on Land Property Reform, on the basis that absolute property has not been transferred to the patriotic territories.The transfer of internal control was a conciliation formula that was reached because the Government had \"been\" under increasing pressure from the six territories to fulfil the old promise of land transfer.", "26.Although the Governments of Lebowa and QwaQwa accepted the transfer of mixed internal control under the Government's proposed project, the Government of KwaZulu held that unrestricted authority over land should be transferred to the territory.", "27.On 1 February 1993, it was reported that the Deputy Minister of Lands Johan Scheepers had said that the Government would not apply a moratorium on land transfers.In June 1993, two laws (Act 109 / 1993 on the regulation of joint administrative measures relating to certain lands and Act 99 / 1993 on the joint administration of certain issues) were enacted, enabling the President of the State to give effect to agreements for the joint administration of land not covered by the Self-Governing Territories.In August 1993, South Africa and KwaZulu announced that a reconciliation formula on land enabled for KwaZulu had been achieved.The transfer would continue, although KwaZulu would not be granted an unrestricted authority, South Africa would retain the right to control the education and police system, and the other services would be administered as a whole.Two highly sensitive regions, Clermont (a neighbourhood in the vicinity of Durban that had long resisted incorporation) and Endale (a area near Pietermaritzburg that had been the centre of huge violence), would be excluded from the transaction.According to information received, no land has yet been transferred in relation to this agreement.", "28.The Ad Hoc Expert Group was informed that the issue of the patriotic territories had not been properly mentioned and considered in the initial stage of the constitutional negotiations.", "IV.FREEDOM OF PRESS", "29.A representative of the Action against Censorship Group informed the Ad Hoc Expert Group that attacks on journalists and members of the press had increased.He referred to the events that took place during the meetings and demonstrations that had taken place on the day of mourning by Chris Hani and mentioned examples of other occasions when attempts had been made to photograph and report groups that were looting or causing business or fires.He mentioned an attack on a photographer and a journalist from South African Radio and Television on 23 April 1993 in which the journalist was killed.The increase in these attacks had resulted in a resolution adopted at the Annual Congress of the South African Union of Journalists to establish permanent structures with the main political parties to examine the attacks on journalists.", "30.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts also noted that, according to information received after allegations of unserious press reports had been made, the Goldstone Commission had requested the Press Council to investigate the role of the media in the current increase in violence, particularly in incidents such as those that had occurred during a demonstration in Thokoza, had resulted in the death of 13 people.", "31.Proposals for reorganizing the South African Radio and Television company are currently under consideration.", "V.EDUCATION", "32.During her testimony, the representative of the National Committee on the Rights of the Child mentioned all the encouraging and positive changes that had taken place in particular the 1991 Act on Interim Measures of Local Government, which had been enacted to enable local committees to negotiate their own models of local government without distinction as to race until the constitution had been completed.He also mentioned the amendment to the Child Care Act of 1991, which was aimed at allowing the adoption of children without racial considerations, and also referred to the amendment to the Education Affairs Act of 1992 that had been adopted to facilitate procedures for the admission of students from other races to schools, and to the initiation of procedures aimed at eliminating segregation in hospitals and discrimination in pension rights, which had previously been recognized on the basis of racial considerations.He said that despite these legal changes, the current situation in the areas of health, education and social welfare had not yet improved, owing to difficulties related to issues of availability of capacity to pay and access.", "33.In addition, the representative informed the Ad Hoc Expert Group that in 1991, the population of children and adolescents in South Africa (under 19 years of age) was 17,585,922.In 1991, children under five made up 36 per cent of the total population of South Africa and only 7 per cent of that group had access to pre-school education and services.In the National Early Childhood Education Policy Research Programme (Educare),", "The need to coordinate education, primary health care, social welfare, housing and development programmes to meet children & apos; s needs in an integrated manner had been expressed.The report also highlighted the opposition between the need for effective family and community participation in the implementation of the Educare programme and the need to promote national unity and to distribute resources to redress the injustices of apartheid within a comprehensive development plan.The injustices of the South African education system were most pronounced in early childhood education and basic primary education, which perpetuated the inequality of performance.In this regard, the differences inherited from the apartheid system in the allocation of educational facilities continued to exist and no financial provisions were made for African children of pre-school age.This practice is derived from the discriminatory manner in which the budget was prepared in the education system, which still maintained the apartheid structure.The representative stressed the importance of not limiting, in a negotiated agreement, to legislative changes and the task of promoting the tradition of learning and teaching, which had been destroyed.The violence had made access to schools in the affected areas extremely dangerous and the time spent on formal education for African children who were able to reach school was even very short.", "34.The representative then said that because of the apartheid structures that provided for separate and discriminatory education systems based on race differences, compulsory primary and secondary education was not provided for all African children and was left to the discretion of the various departments, which were governed by their own statutes.The representative mentioned the proposal that the Government had just approved aimed at introducing compulsory education, which would be mainly for the State, for a period of at least nine years.The National Educational Policy Research Programme (1992) and ANC, among others, had made a number of proposals to provide a structure for the", "to a gradual transition from the existing system, the implementation of which was appropriate", "a 19 different departments.In the view of the representative, the implementation of the primary and secondary primary compulsory education plans would require an additional 125,617 teachers and an additional 11,044 classrooms with total costs of more than R2 billion.In order to implement the compulsory education plan in the Department of Education and in the schools of the patriotic territories, 18,059 additional teachers would be required.Given the natural link of early childhood development programmes with primary education, increasing access to primary education would undoubtedly lead to a greater realization of the aspirations for access to higher education.In that context, the representative expressed the need for assistance to the Transitional Executive Council and for its encouragement to work closely with democratic structures to achieve acceptable solutions.", "VI.SINDICAL RIGHTS", "35.It was reported that the political changes leading to the formation of the Transitional Executive Council had had a huge influence on South African trade union rights and social laws.Several bodies connected with trade union rights issues had changed their composition and had become multi-racial forums.The National Labour Commission was now constituted as a multi-party tripartite body.Although the positions at the highest levels were not still reserved for the whites, the situation of Black workers had not changed, as they still had no access to the necessary training.", "36.The Public Service Act 1993 dealing with civil servants was adopted in May 1993.However, these positive developments have not yet improved the situation of domestic and agricultural workers with a total of about one million.Two laws relating to domestic and agricultural workers were reported to be still pending in Parliament.", "37.According to information received, there were numerous weapons held by the civilian population and, in particular, under the State subsidy programme, white farmers were heavily armed, further complicating the social relationship between farmers and their employees.Employers and workers had not participated in the constitutional negotiations as such, which could undermine the rights of the latter.", "38.The agricultural workers were fully dependent on the owner of the farm in terms of housing for their families.In some cases, the school was also for farmers, a fact which was reported to be able to prevent agricultural workers from organizing themselves.", "VII.CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS", "39.After reaching agreement at the multilateral talks on the formation of a Transitional Executive Council in early September, the South African Parliament adopted the measure on 23 September 1993.On 24 September 1993, Mr.Nelson Mandela addressed the General Assembly and called for the lifting of the economic sanctions imposed on South Africa.", "VIII.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS", "A.Conclusions", "40.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts regrets that the Government of South Africa has not allowed it to make a visit to the country to assess the human rights situation in South Africa, in accordance with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993 / 9.", "41.The right to life continues to be violated with impunity.In August 1993 alone, 554 deaths were recorded as a result of the violence in the country.In the first seven months of 1993, 2,000 people were killed in acts of political violence.There is a clear direct or indirect responsibility of the security forces for these casualties.", "42.The increase in the number of fatalities that has occurred since the decision to hold elections to form the Constituent Assembly in April 1994 arouses suspicion of deliberate acts by some extreme right-wing forces to thwart the democratic process.", "43.Endemic violence is a key element in the South African crisis.According to the various testimonies presented to the Ad Hoc Expert Group, such violence is mainly the result of political rivalries and has been given in the so-called \"third force,\" in clear reference to the functions of the police and the security forces.It is clear that without an end to the increase in violence and the failure of the police to take faster and more effective preventive or intervention measures, the potential for a peaceful and democratic solution to the political crisis and for the total eradication of the apartheid system will inevitably be reduced.", "44.Untrial detention under articles 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and under the provisions on riot areas continue to violate individual freedoms in South Africa and should therefore be abolished.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts is also concerned about the untrial detention in the patriotic territories, particularly in Bophuthatswana.", "45.In the first seven months of 1993, 25 deaths of persons in police custody were recorded.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts is deeply concerned that in South Africa there are still people who die while in police custody.The Group urges the Government of South Africa to ensure that all necessary measures are taken to end this scandalous violation of the right to life and expresses the hope that the Police Board, which may be in office by the end of 1993, will play a positive role in that regard.", "46.The system of patriotic territories that had been widely condemned by the international community, despite the repeal of important apartheid laws in 1991, was still in force.Judging from the recent measures taken to incorporate more land into the so-called \"self-governing territories,\" it seems that the Government of South Africa still intends to perpetuate the bantustan system.It is also strange that under the 1993 Act, the possibility of a revocation of the status of the patriotic territories depends on the consent or request of the Government of the relevant autonomous territory.", "47.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts believes that the whole issue of freedom of the press and responsible compliance with the information function must be carefully considered.The objectivity of the assessment and the right of individuals to information are issues of special importance at a time when proposals relating to freedom of expression are considered.", "48.The Group notes that a number of factors have led to the attempt to curb press freedom through violent measures.In circumstances where decisions on fundamental and important principles are taken through constitutional negotiations, freedom of expression must be given its due importance.", "49.In 1991, the population of children and adolescents under 19 years of age in South Africa was 17,585,922.Black children have no access to compulsory education.Children of different races are treated differently from those in separate departments.", "50.While recognizing the measures taken to implement reforms related to workers' rights in the agricultural, domestic and public sectors, the Ad Hoc Expert Group notes with concern that these measures are not sufficiently in line with international labour standards governing tripartite partnerships around the world.", "51.The political environment improved significantly following the agreement reached at the Multiparty Conference on the establishment of a Transitional Executive Council and a previous agreement on the date of elections by 27 April 1994.", "52.In that context, the Group believes that the lifting of the trade and economic sanctions imposed on South Africa, as proposed by Mr. Sailor,Nelson Mandela, an important step in the process of rejoining the country in the international community.", "53.However, the hostile attitude of the extreme white right and local authorities in three Bantustans, KwaZulu, Bophuthatswana and Ciskei, the discriminatory behaviour of the security forces in South Africa and the increase in violence throughout the country could jeopardize the proper functioning of the Transitional Executive Council, the forthcoming elections and the reintegration of South Africa into the international community.", "54.The fact that the South African authorities do not protect all citizens equally has resulted in the accumulation of a large number of weapons acquired for self-defence reasons by private individuals.", "B.Recommendations", "55.Government institutions, in particular the South African Defence Force and the South African police, should demonstrate a greater decision to stop the increase in violence and take responsibility for ensuring the security of all citizens without discrimination.The extreme right-wing trends of some members of the police and the army that affect their official activities should be investigated and, where evidence is found, those persons should be immediately discharged.", "56.Efforts should be made to train members of the security force by providing them with a professional reorientation that is in line with international standards.", "57.The Ad Hoc Group of Experts recommends the abolition of articles 29 and 50 of the Internal Security Act and other repressive provisions that are still in force, while at the same time excluding similar provisions applicable in the patriotic territories.", "58.A general amnesty should be granted to persons sentenced to death for anti-apartheid activities that could be considered politically motivated.", "59.It is recommended that the death penalty be abolished immediately and that the sentences of all death row offenders be replaced by other forms of punishment.", "60.The bantustan system, which was unilaterally established by the Government of South Africa without consultations with the territories concerned, should be abolished rapidly without the need to request the authorization or consent of nominally independent or self-governing territories.", "61.The Group hoped that all negotiating parties would consider freedom of expression to be one of the fundamental human rights.", "62.Although the recent proposal to implement the nine-year compulsory education system, which was commendable, the Government of South Africa should take urgent and weighted measures to provide the necessary human and material resources.To that end, the international community should also provide assistance.", "63.It is recommended that the Government of South Africa invite ILO to provide advice on the changes to be made in order to meet international labour standards.", "64.Any interim constitution should contain all recognized international human rights standards.", "65.Along with taking responsibility for ensuring public security without discrimination, the Government should take firm steps to seize all the weapons currently in the hands of individuals.", "Notes", "1 E / CN.4 / 1993 / 14, paras.133-138, pp.32 and 33.", "See E / CN.4 / 1993 / 14, paras.165-170, pp.40 and 41.", "-----" ]	"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"
"lYFRmiVMetoRTnwYQCmA1TTtFVyArcuv2hbVzHht7p0="	en	fr	[ "[]", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "3rd meeting", "held on", "Monday, 18 October 1993", "at 10 a.m.", "New York", "SUMMARY RECORD OF THE 3rd MEETING", "Chairman: Mr. von WAGNER (Germany)", "CONTENTS", "STATEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN", "STATEMENT BY THE UNDER-SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS", "GENERAL DEBATE ON ALL DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AGENDA ITEMS", "The meeting was called to order at 10.20 a.m.", "STATEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN", "1. The CHAIRMAN said that the \"disarmament agenda\" of previous sessions would remain crucial in relation to many pressing questions. The remarkable political developments of the recent past would help the Committee move towards consensus on hitherto untractable issues. The Committee should endeavour to merge resolutions which dealt with the same topic whenever political changes offered an opportunity to do so. The delegations involved needed to display sufficient flexibility and political will to compromise. The Committee might also wish to cluster the traditional topics of its work and the respective resolutions under so-called \"head items\". Delegations should also consider whether their resolutions still corresponded to the changed political climate after the end of the East-West confrontation.", "2. The Committee might do well to narrow its focus with regard to the traditional disarmament agenda and, at the same time, widen it to comprise broader issues of peace and security. In view of the changes that had been taking place in the world, and the troubling new trends which threatened peace and security, the Committee should consider whether the arms control agenda comprehensively reflected its responsibilities and whether streamlining and rationalization were the only means to revitalize its work. Fewer resolutions on disarmament might signal a decline in the Committee's importance if such reduction was not accompanied by the opening up of other avenues for meaningful political activities. The Committee would not be giving the right signal to Governments, the public and public opinion makers if it simply reduced its workload at a time when military conflicts were flaring and means to prevent or contain them were desperately being sought.", "3. The Committee's new name seemed to imply that the Committee was not intended to be a forum that focused exclusively on arms control questions. The Secretary-General had suggested that there was a need for the practical integration of disarmament and arms regulation issues into the broader structure of the international peace and security agenda. At the same time, however, the Committee had to keep in mind the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations which circumscribed the scope for action by the General Assembly and its committees. However, notwithstanding Article 12 of the Charter, the Committee could, within the framework of its general responsibilities, make recommendations with regard to a dispute or situation which was not before the Security Council. The Committee could also formulate recommendations, guidelines or general principles relating to international peace and security with a view to promoting a deeper understanding of the concepts of preventive diplomacy, confidence-building and post-conflict peace‑preserving measures. By putting the traditional disarmament agenda into the broader context of security concerns, emerging conflicts and risks to peace, the Committee might be in a better position to narrow it down to those items which were of paramount interest.", "STATEMENT BY THE UNDER-SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS", "4. Mr. GOULDING (Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs) recalled that in his report entitled \"New dimensions of arms regulation and disarmament in the post-cold war era\" (A/C.1/47/7), the Secretary-General had argued that disarmament should be integrated into the broader structure of international peace and security rather than be pursued in isolation. There were considerable opportunities for progress in the field of disarmament. The 1995 Conference of the States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) provided an important opportunity for an internationally agreed response to the concerns about the danger of proliferation of nuclear weapons. His Department had redeployed staff to provide the necessary input for the successful preparation of the Conference.", "5. The decision by the Conference on Disarmament to give its Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban a mandate to begin substantive negotiations for a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty at the beginning of 1994 showed that a new commitment was being made to realize that long-standing objective, especially on the part of the nuclear-weapon States. The successful completion of the negotiations on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction was an example of the work that could be done by the Conference on Disarmament with the participation of all sectors of the international community. That Convention would be the first multilateral instrument with comprehensive provisions for implementation which would apply equally to all parties. New commitments to negotiate a workable verification system for the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction were also important, as had been recognized at the Third Review Conference.", "6. There were signs of a new level of seriousness in tackling the difficult problems of the post-cold-war world. Solid work for cooperation and confidence‑building had been undertaken in a number of regions; the strengthening of regional cooperation systems to include security issues provided a form of preventive diplomacy based on transparency. The Committee had an important role in encouraging those processes.", "7. The proliferation of conventional weapons was one of the most ghastly legacies of the cold war. In his previous capacity as Under-Secretary-General for Peace-keeping Operations, he had been vividly aware of the extent to which conflict control and resolution in many parts of the world were complicated by the vast quantities of weapons which had been injected into those areas over the past two decades. Concerted action, primarily by Governments in their own territories, was needed to mop up the huge quantities of weapons which were in the hands of political groups or private individuals. The establishment of the new United Nations Register of Conventional Arms was an important step in creating greater openness and transparency in military matters. The indiscriminate use of landmines was another issue which required the urgent and decisive attention of the international community.", "8. In order to respond to these opportunities and challenges, the Secretary-General had decided to rename the Office for Disarmament Affairs the \"Centre for", "(Mr. Goulding)", "Disarmament Affairs\" and to keep it in New York as an integral part of the Department of Political Affairs. With the agreement of the General Assembly, the staff would be brought back to its earlier strength with the proposed addition of three posts, primarily in connection with the work on the Register of Conventional Arms. The Secretary-General had instructed the Office to consider how confidence-building measures, verification and other techniques which had been developed and tested in the field of arms control and disarmament could be further developed and used as instruments of preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and post-conflict peace-building, with the consent of the Governments concerned. In that connection, the Centre had an advantage in that quite a few staff members had served in peace-keeping missions in recent months, bringing valuable experience from the field.", "9. The Conference on Disarmament remained the principal forum for the negotiation of international agreements on arms control and disarmament. In view of the resignation of Mr. Bérasatégui, Secretary-General of the Conference, the Secretary-General had appointed Mr. Vladimir Petrovsky, Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva, to be the Secretary-General of the Conference and to act as his Personal Representative to it, on an interim basis, with effect from 5 December 1993. Mr. Petrovsky would carry out those functions concurrently with his functions as Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva.", "10. The work of the Centre's three regional centres was currently being re‑examined in the light of the new opportunities for progress on a regional basis. The role of the centres might have to be redefined to ensure that their activities had an impact in the regions they served and formed an effective part of the Secretariat's response to the opportunities and challenges it faced.", "GENERAL DEBATE ON ALL DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AGENDA ITEMS", "11. Mr. MARIN-BOSCH (Mexico) said that for some time, the Conference on Disarmament had been feeling the impact of the rapid changes in the international situation; for the second consecutive year, its report to the General Assembly contained concrete results. The decision to undertake the long‑postponed negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear test ban would be a turning-point in the international community's efforts to stop and reverse nuclear proliferation in all its aspects. That decision had been possible, in large part, because of the change in position of the new United States Administration with regard to a comprehensive nuclear test ban. Unfortunately, it had not been possible to reach agreement on enlarging the composition of the Conference in 1993 because of a solitary negative voice. It was to be hoped that the country concerned would reconsider its position.", "12. Washington and Moscow were beginning to reverse the nuclear‑arms race, with the signing of the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START), the Lisbon Protocol and the START II Treaty. Just as the nuclear-arms race had a dynamic of its own, promoted by the interests of the military and industrial complexes, the process of reducing those arsenals had its own dynamic which would demand ever larger reductions of nuclear weapons.", "(Mr. Marin‑Bosch, Mexico)", "However, in 10 years, when the provisions of the START treaties were fully implemented, the strategic nuclear arsenals of the United States of America and Russia would still be larger than those of the late 1960s when the Non‑Proliferation Treaty had been signed. Moreover, the world was flooded with tens of thousands of nuclear weapons and the international community had yet to agree on a clearly defined path with regard to those weapons of mass destruction.", "13. Where nuclear testing was concerned, it had been possible to hope that the nuclear-weapon States would show restraint, thus benefiting the forthcoming negotiations on the subject. However, on 5 October 1993, China had broken the de facto test moratorium, and in the capitals of other nuclear-weapon States the debate had been reopened regarding the continuation of nuclear testing. That would have negative repercussions on the Geneva Conference on Disarmament. The resumption of testing had already had immediate political consequences, and could affect directly the dialogue on nuclear non-proliferation. The nuclear-weapon States would have little authority to demand from others what they themselves were unwilling to do, and to conduct a few tests, small or very large, before closing the door definitively to others did not seem a very serious pattern of behaviour. The question arose of whether the nuclear-weapon States enjoyed special privileges. As NPT Parties, the five had undertaken to continue negotiations \"to seek to achieve the discontinuation of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time\", as the text of the Partial Test-Ban Treaty (PTBT) put it. Moreover, article VI of the NPT stated that each of the Parties to the Treaty undertook to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear‑arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, and a comprehensive test ban was the key to that \"cessation of the nuclear arms race\".", "14. Thirty years ago Mexico, like other members of the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament (ENDC), had pointed out that the PTBT represented a \"first step\" towards the complete prohibition of nuclear tests and towards general and complete disarmament under effective international control, while on signing the PTBT, the United States Secretary of State had stated that history would eventually record how the world dealt with the unfinished business of peace. Over three long decades the \"business of peace\" had remained unfinished. It was true that in the 1970s there had been attempts to negotiate a Comprehensive Test‑Ban Treaty (CTBT), but that opportunity, and others, had been squandered. Hence the initiative taken by several countries, including his own, to seek a comprehensive test ban by amending the PTBT. That process continued, and in August 1993 important advances had been achieved during the consultations held in New York by the President of the Amendment Conference. It had been agreed that the PTBT amendment process complemented other efforts and offered obvious advantages in certain areas over other approaches. In the meantime the Conference on Disarmament had decided to negotiate a CTBT beginning in January of 1994.", "15. But the road between the Conference's decision and the CTBT negotiation itself was proving somewhat difficult. During the past week, differences had begun to emerge in Geneva as to how best to utilize the time between October and", "(Mr. Marin‑Bosch, Mexico)", "January. Obviously some nuclear Powers wanted a rather slow pace, whereas the majority of the Conference members preferred a faster one. The members of the Group of 21 had even suggested that the Conference set 1994 as the target date for the conclusion of a CTBT.", "16. Given the Conference's decision to undertake negotiations in January, it was obviously important to translate that political agreement at once into one on paper. To that end, an effort must be made to find compromise formulas ensuring an expeditious negotiation, and members of the Conference should therefore begin at once the discussion of the two main aspects of the future CTBT: the scope of the prohibition and its verification system. However, rapid enough progress would certainly not be made if there was insistence on delaying the negotiations or conducting more nuclear tests.", "17. The NPT prohibited its non-nuclear-weapon Parties from acquiring nuclear weapons and therefore from carrying out nuclear tests. But several dozen countries had not yet adhered to the NPT. Would they and the rest of the international community accept the establishment of a kind of testing quota for each of the nuclear-weapon States before the CTBT's entry into force?", "18. The five nuclear-weapon States had said that they were ready to conclude a CTBT. But their motives were not necessarily identical, because of the different levels of nuclear development involved. Nevertheless, all appreciated, to varying degrees, the advantages that a CTBT would have in strengthening the horizontal non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Some even saw it as a step to ensure vertical non-proliferation, and thus as paving the way towards nuclear disarmament.", "19. That point opened up an area of fundamental importance. To speak of the five nuclear-weapon States was to make a formal distinction, based on the NPT and on a merely chronological consideration. But other considerations led to a different approach. For example, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine had nuclear weapons but had never tested; South Africa had had six devices without testing them and now said that it no longer had them; India had had at least one; it was generally assumed that Israel had nuclear weapons, while it was believed that there were other countries that also had them. Nevertheless, the international community remained attached to the NPT and its somewhat archaic definitions. The fact was that, in the 1990s, of the lines between nuclear-weapon States and some non-nuclear‑weapon States were becoming blurred, with some of the latter importing large quantities of plutonium for their advanced civilian nuclear industry. Those and other highly industrialized countries were \"potential nuclear-weapon States\", since they could produce a nuclear device in a matter of months or weeks. Then there were the so-called nuclear \"threshold States\", countries that had significant nuclear programmes but were not parties to the NPT. And now there was a third category of non-NPT countries, the \"temporary nuclear-weapon States\" including Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and South Africa.", "20. The foregoing were some of the questions which the NPT Parties should examine during the preparatory process of the 1995 Review and Extension Conference. Another question was what had happened in Iraq, a party to the NPT, and why. United Nations and IAEA inspectors had found an impressive amount of", "(Mr. Marin‑Bosch, Mexico)", "material in Iraq betraying an ambitious nuclear programme: it seemed impossible that for years, especially in the 1980s, so-called \"sensitive\" material had been exported in such quantities without any of the exporting States (all of them NPT Parties) suspecting that the Iraqis were building something? The question also arose of the impact on the future of the NPT non-proliferation regime of the recent case of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.", "21. The Chemical Weapons Convention attempted to remedy those rather confusing situations regarding the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The Convention required each Party to declare, once it entered into force, whether it possessed chemical weapons, whether there were such weapons on its territory, whether it had transferred or received them since 1 January 1946, and whether there were or had been chemical weapon facilities on its territory. Therein lay the key to the CWC's uniform regime for all parties. In relation to chemical, and also biological, weapons, there was nothing resembling the \"caste society\" that existed in the nuclear field, and there, too, have to disappear if a genuine, universal and equitable nuclear non-proliferation regime was to be built. Nuclear-weapon States (and some others) could not continue to demand a right to observe others' nuclear installations, whether unilaterally or through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). That was certainly not conducive to the climate of confidence or openness so often required of other countries with regard to other weapons and weapons systems.", "22. The international community in general and the five nuclear-weapon States in particular now had an opportunity to move forward decisively in the field of nuclear disarmament. The preparatory process of the 1995 NPT review and extension conference offered the best vehicle to undertake a frank dialogue on the future nuclear non-proliferation regime.", "23. The question of the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in all its aspects and of ballistic missiles was gaining increasing importance. His delegation believed that the time had come to request the Geneva Conference to undertake a more intense and formal examination of that subject, and that it merited consideration in the different multilateral disarmament forums, including the United Nations Disarmament Commission. The Secretary-General should prepare, with the help of a small group of governmental experts, a brief study on the question, which was of vital importance to the international community. His delegation intended to explore with other interested delegations the possibility of submitting a draft resolution in that regard.", "24. Mr. ZAHRAN (Egypt), speaking as President of the Conference on Disarmament, introduced the annual report of the Conference on its work during the 1993 session (A/48/27). The current report did not, as had been the case in 1992, transmit an international instrument for consideration by the General Assembly, but the Conference had, however, worked very hard on a number of substantive and organizational matters, thus advancing its consideration of issues of vital importance for international peace and security. In particular, on 10 August 1993 the Conference had decided, inter alia, to give its Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban a mandate to negotiate a CTB, with consultations being held between 3 September 1993 and 17 January 1994 on the specific mandate for, and organization of, the negotiations. Thus, for the first time since the", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water of 5 August 1963, the multilateral negotiating forum of the international community was proceeding to the negotiation of a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty. That long-sought objective of the international community seemed now to be closer than ever before. The forthcoming negotiation on an item to which the General Assembly had assigned the highest priority since the conclusion of the PTBT implied a political commitment which would require the necessary Secretariat resources to ensure that the negotiations received support.", "25. With regard to the composition of the Conference, the Special Coordinator for membership had conducted detailed consultations before submitting his report, which appeared in paragraphs 13 and 14 of the annual report. As noted in paragraph 15, many members and non‑members had made statements on the subject, but no conclusion had been reached before the end of the annual session. The President had accordingly been mandated to continue consultations to achieve consensus during the intersessional period. He had started those consultations, and intended to continue them until the beginning of the 1994 session. While difficulties remained, members were fully conscious of the need to expand the multilateral disarmament negotiating forum. That common ground would be helpful in achieving the expansion of the Conference.", "26. With respect to the Conference's methods of work, informal open‑ended consultations had been held, and the discussions and their results were reflected in paragraphs 19 and 20 of the annual report. The shorter report the Conference was submitting to the Assembly's current session was the result of the review undertaken on its improved and effective functioning.", "27. The activities of the four ad hoc committees set up by the Conference during the 1993 annual session deserved to be highlighted. The Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban had made progress in its consideration of various issues of importance to the agenda item, and had also reviewed aspects relating to structure and scope, as well as verification and compliance. There had been general recognition that in order to ensure compliance with a future CTBT, an effective internationally applicable verification system would be required. Preliminary work had also been started, for the first time in the history of the Conference, on non-seismic means of verification. It was widely recognized in the Conference that the adoption of a decision to give the Ad Hoc Committee a negotiating mandate was a major turning‑point for multilateral work towards a CTBT.", "28. The Ad Hoc Committee on Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space had considered various areas relating to its future work, and had also expressed its appreciation of the organization by the Friends of the Chairman of open-ended consultations on the issues of CBMs, terminology and legal aspects related to the prevention of an arms race in outer space. There had been wide agreement that the conclusion of an international agreement or agreements to prevent such an arms race remained the Committee's fundamental task and that the proposals on CBMs could form an integral part of those agreements. It had been recommended that at the beginning of the 1994 session, the Conference on Disarmament re‑establish the Ad Hoc Committee on Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space with an appropriate mandate to continue substantive work on all the issues before it.", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "29. The Ad Hoc Committee on Effective International Arrangements to Assure Non‑Nuclear-Weapon States against the Use or Threat of Use of Nuclear Weapons, continuing its review of that important subject, had expressed the view that there was a need to step up efforts in the light of recent transformations in the international political climate. Accordingly, it had agreed to recommend that the Ad Hoc Committee should be re‑established at the beginning of the 1994 session.", "30. In 1993, the Conference had for the first time established the Ad Hoc Committee on Transparency in Armaments. At its first session, the Committee had covered a great amount of new ground, including a substantive exchange of views on a number of complex issues surrounding that subject. It had discussed excessive and destabilizing accumulation of arms, military holdings and procurement through national production, and arms transfers and transfers of high technology with military applications, as well as weapons of mass destruction. Eighteen working papers had been submitted to it, several of them containing concrete proposals. Although agreement had not been reached on them, delegations had concurred that many of the issues they dealt with worked to promote trust, confidence-building and stability. The Ad Hoc committee had therefore recommended that it be re‑established at the beginning of the 1994 session of the Conference.", "31. The work of the Conference in 1993 had continued a positive trend which had started the year before with the landmark agreement on the convention prohibiting all chemical weapons. New ideas and common ground were emerging as international cooperation replaced the confrontations of the Cold War. The decision to begin negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty was one of the outstanding developments in the post-Cold War period. While the negotiations would certainly not be easy and a number of sensitive questions would have to be addressed, he was confident that the Conference would be able to discharge its heavy responsibilities as the international disarmament negotiating body of the international community.", "32. Mr. O'SULLIVAN (Australia) said that three significant events had taken place since the Committee had last met. First, the Convention on Chemical Weapons had been completed, opened for signature and had attracted widespread international support. The Provisional Technical Secretariat set up in that connection was a fine example of multilateral cooperation; its activities were already well under way, which augured well for the effective implementation of the Treaty. He urged all signatory States to take the necessary steps so as to ensure the earliest possible implementation of the Convention. Likewise, he appealed to non‑signatory States to reconsider their position with a view to ensuring the universal application of the global ban on chemical weapons.", "33. Second, the important decision by the Conference on Disarmament to commence negotiations on a CTBT heralded a new and long-awaited era in international disarmament negotiations. The Treaty would serve the dual purpose of inhibiting the production of new generations of nuclear weapons as well as enhancing the nuclear non-proliferation regime. Australia was confident that the bulk of the work on the Treaty could be completed in time for the NPT review conference in April 1995. However, it was important that work on the political, legal and", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "verification aspects of the Treaty should proceed in parallel and should be mutually reinforcing. Australia was willing to consider the possibility of allowing additional time for negotiations at the 1994 session of the Conference on Disarmament. In view of the progress made towards the start of negotiations on a treaty, the recent decision of China to violate the de facto moratorium on nuclear testing which had been observed for more than a year was indeed regrettable.", "34. Australia hoped for greater unilateral assurances of security in the form of a joint declaration or other binding statement by States which had retained nuclear weapons that they would not use them against countries which had undertaken a commitment to non-proliferation. Together with the CTBT, such action would greatly facilitate the review and extension of NPT.", "35. The extension of the NPT at the 1995 Review Conference was essential not least to provide a secure legal basis for international cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Australia, like many other countries, was in favour of the indefinite extension of the Treaty and would continue to participate actively in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference.", "36. The end of the cold war era had provided both challenges to the nuclear non-proliferation regime and opportunities to strengthen it. Anxious about the proliferation of nuclear weapons in South Asia, his country would welcome a more active dialogue on nuclear matters between India and Pakistan. Likewise, Ukraine and Kazakhstan should be encouraged to fulfil their obligations under the Lisbon Protocol to START I and accede to the NPT as non-nuclear‑weapon States, following the example of Belarus.", "37. Australia also welcomed South Africa's cooperation with IAEA since its accession to NPT, and in particular its policy of full transparency regarding its nuclear activities. However, the continued failure of Iraq and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to comply with the IAEA safeguard obligations remained a matter of deep concern.", "38. Australia fully supported efforts undertaken since the Gulf War to strengthen the effectiveness and transparency of the IAEA safeguards system, as well as the work of the Standing Advisory Group on Safeguards Implementation (SAGSI), and encouraged other countries to do likewise. With regard to the latter, he stressed the importance of the effective implementation of safeguards agreements for the prevention of clandestine nuclear activities and the promotion of confidence in the NPT-based non-proliferation regime.", "39. The tightening of nuclear-use export controls and strengthening of nuclear supplier arrangements would also underscore the non-proliferation objectives of the NPT. Furthermore, regional non-proliferation arrangements such as the treaties of Tlatelolco in Latin America and Rarotonga in the South Pacific complemented the international non-proliferation regime based on the NPT. Steps towards the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones in the other regions would not only forge a more positive attitude towards non-proliferation arrangements in those regions but also encourage regional support for the NPT in the lead-up to the 1995 conference.", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "40. Australia looked forward to participating in the coming years in negotiations for an end to the production of fissionable material and for multilateral non-discriminatory controls on the purchase of destabilizing missile systems, particularly those used for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction.", "41. The risk posed by the proliferation of biological weapons had tended to be underestimated as a potential threat to international security. Australia had long been concerned that the effectiveness of the only global instrument for the abolition of such weapons - the Biological Weapons Convention - was limited by the absence of mechanisms to verify compliance with the obligations under the Convention. It therefore welcomed the report of the Ad Hoc Group of Governmental Experts which concluded that verification measures would enhance the effective implementation of the Convention, and also provided a sound technical basis for developing the verification mechanism required. In that connection Australia supported the convening of a special conference for that purpose, and suggested that other States parties should do likewise by notifying one of the depositary countries without delay.", "42. Since the end of the cold war, the Committee had been able to address more effectively the issue of regional security, as well as to encourage arms control and security and confidence-building measures in particular regions. Progress had been made in his region with the ASEAN countries taking a leading role in establishing a dialogue on security in the wider Asia Pacific region by setting up the ASEAN Regional Forum. Australia had also participated in the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group co-sponsored by the United States of America and Russia, and looked forward to further developments in that area.", "43. As to military transparency particularly in regard to armaments, he noted with satisfaction that many countries had already sent their replies to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms. He looked forward to participating actively during the General Assembly and the Conference on Disarmament in the future development of global transparency mechanisms and arms acquisition guidelines. Another important matter which must be addressed in the near future was the need for more effective rules governing the use of land mines which called for a review of the Convention on Inhumane Weapons.", "44. In conclusion, he recalled that he had been entrusted with the task of looking into how to expand the Conference on Disarmament so that it could perform its duties more effectively. Following extensive informal consultations, he had proposed to the Conference a compromise solution on which it had regrettably been unable to reach agreement. None the less, he was confident that, with the assistance of the President of the Conference, a solution could be found which would meet with general approval.", "45. Mr. PIZARRO (Chile) said that despite the end of the cold war, important work still had to be done in the field of disarmament. His Government deplored the recent violation by China of the voluntary moratorium on nuclear testing, which had prompted the other nuclear Powers to reconsider their commitments in that respect.", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "46. One matter of particular concern was the extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. While Chile endorsed the purpose of the Treaty, it continued to view it as a discriminatory instrument, believing that the inequality of rights and obligations between nuclear-weapon States and non‑nuclear‑weapon States had largely been responsible for the greater proliferation of such weapons. None the less the Chilean Government had reconsidered its position on the NPT in the hope that the parties would also be more flexible and allow the participation of observers in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference. It was important to take advantage of the opportunity afforded by the current political climate for the unrestricted discussion of the nuclear non-proliferation regime.", "47. A further cause for concern was the lack of agreement on the question of expanding the Conference on Disarmament. He urged the parties concerned to intensify their consultations with a view to resolving the remaining difficulties regarding the proposal by the representative of Australia, which his country regarded as a viable alternative.", "48. As it approached its fiftieth anniversary, the United Nations must take up the challenge of becoming a true catalyst of international peace and security. In that connection, he endorsed the proposals for rationalizing the work and revising the agenda of the Committee. The aim should be for the Committee to issue more binding norms which would effectively strengthen international peace and security.", "49. The Latin American and Caribbean region was firmly committed to the cause of disarmament, as borne out by the political will of Argentina, Brazil and Chile to ensure implementation of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, not to mention the agreements on nuclear matters between Argentina and Brazil, whose provisions went beyond those of comparable agreements.", "50. With regard to the Convention on Chemical Weapons, the final declaration of a regional seminar held recently in Santiago drew attention, inter alia, to the importance of ensuring the universal applicability of the Convention as well as the effective and balanced operations of its verification regime. Furthermore, the Mendoza Accord on the total ban of chemical and biological weapons had already attracted broad support at the regional level. The Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD) was currently before the Chilean Chamber of Deputies for ratification.", "51. The large number of replies received by the Centre for Disarmament Affairs in connection with the Register of Conventional Arms was encouraging. It was important to improve the Register with a view to making it a real means of promoting confidence at bilateral, regional and global levels. To that end his Government had not only reported on transfers but also on its stocks and indicated its willingness to participate in forthcoming meetings of governmental experts on the subject.", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "52. Disarmament problems remained urgent, and their relationship to international security was more evident than in the past. His Government was concerned that the human and material resources allocated to the Office of Disarmament Affairs no longer met its requirements.", "53. One of the main problems which had come to the fore since the emergence of a new international order was that of human security, which went beyond traditional notions of security and was determined in many parts of the world by poverty. In that connection he suggested that the Committee should bear four considerations in mind during its discussions. First, the security of individuals was now as important as, if not more important than, security of the State. Second, security problems in one country, region or geographical area could become a source of instability that extended beyond the frontiers of the area in question. Third, a modern concept of security must take account of economic, social, environmental and other problems. Lastly, the ending of the cold war had provided an opportunity to resurrect concepts formerly thwarted by ideological confrontation such as \"zones of peace\". There had been ample proof in Latin America that such zones were a useful means of promoting cooperation and understanding as well as easing potential military tensions.", "54. Disarmament must be a world-wide process which, taking due account of the characteristics of each region, should bring about real improvements in the living conditions of people in the developing countries. He believed the United Nations was the appropriate forum to achieve those aims as laid down in its Charter. It was therefore essential not to miss the unique opportunity afforded by the current political climate to achieve substantial progress in international disarmament, peace and security which would benefit generations to come.", "55. Mr. MROZIEWICZ (Poland) said that since 1989, the international arena had undergone radical changes which had affected the very essence of international security. While since the end of the cold war some sources of instability and regional conflicts had ceased to exist and new opportunities emerged to settle old disputes, other dormant conflicts had come to life, fuelled by an increase in nationalist and even xenophobic sentiments. For decades international security had hinged on the balance of military forces, but now the role of the Security Council and the involvement of regional organizations had considerably increased as the political means of guaranteeing security had come to the fore.", "56. Poland enjoyed good relations with its neighbouring countries through cooperation with inter alia the VISEGRAD Group and the Baltic States. It also encouraged the strengthening of ties with the countries of Western Europe, the United States of America and Canada; joining the north Atlantic Alliance and the European Community were among the priorities of Polish foreign policy.", "57. The fundamental challenge facing Europe at present was the establishment of a system which would provide equal security for all European countries. The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) had an important role to play in that regard and could constitute a forum for the settlement of disputes and prevention of conflicts. If necessary, the CSCE might request the intervention of the relevant military alliances. They would have the dual role", "(Mr. Mroziewicz, Poland)", "of alliances in the sense of Article 51 of the United Nations Charter and of institutions exercising Pan-European responsibilities, a role to which Poland attached particular importance.", "58. The NTP was a major pillar of international security, and should therefore be indefinitely extended at the 1995 review conference. The success of that Conference would be promoted by constructive negotiations on the CTBT at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva. Motivated by its commitment to nuclear non-proliferation and with the support of the Eastern European Group, which had not yet held the presidency of an NPT review conference, Poland intended to nominate a candidate for that presidency.", "59. The proliferation of materials and technologies for the production of weapons of mass destruction and the clandestine sales of such materials and technologies to regions of potential conflict posed an increasing challenge to international peace and security, and should therefore remain high on the agenda.", "60. Welcoming the signing by some 150 States of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, he stressed the urgent need to ensure the timely entry into force of that Convention and cooperation by signatory States with the Preparatory Commission for the Organization on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. The Netherlands, together with Canada and Poland, would submit a draft resolution on that issue.", "61. Poland welcomed the establishment, within the framework of the Conference on Disarmament, of an Ad Hoc Committee on the establishment of Transparency in Armaments. The regional workshop organized earlier in 1993 in Poland by the United Nations Centre for Disarmament Affairs had facilitated participation by States from the region in the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, to which Poland attached great importance.", "62. New realities and disarmament priorities necessitated an overhaul of the disarmament machinery, including such measures as rationalizing the agenda of the First Committee and streamlining its modus operandi, thus reducing the number, and enhancing the credibility, of its resolutions. He welcomed the decision by the Conference on Disarmament to focus on four items only in 1993, with the prompt establishment of the respective ad hoc subsidiary bodies, but regretted the failure to reach consensus on the vital issue of the expansion of the Conference's membership. It was essential to find a compromise solution which accommodated the different aspirations of States seeking membership of the Conference without undermining its negotiating strength.", "63. Mr. CISSE (Senegal) said that the optimism generated by positive changes in the international context and the increasing involvement of the Organization in international peace efforts was tempered by concerns at the resurgence of armed conflicts. Only complete and universal disarmament would make possible the multilateral cooperation, and consequent economic and social development, necessary to ensure that those conflicts could be overcome.", "(Mr. Cisse, Senegal)", "64. Senegal was therefore encouraged by the significant progress made in the area of disarmament during 1993, including the signing of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and hoped that the necessary steps would soon be completed to ensure its entry into force, which would lead to the historically unprecedented elimination of an entire category of weapons of mass destruction.", "65. Senegal also welcomed the signing in 1993 by the United States of America and the Russian Federation of START II, and hoped that the remaining obstacles to the ratification of the Lisbon Protocol would be overcome without delay.", "66. He noted with concern that many issues, particularly those concerning procedure, relating to the 1995 Review Conference on the Non-Proliferation Treaty remained unresolved, and drew attention, in particular, to the question of the presidency of the Conference, signalling his delegation's support for the candidature of Ambassador Dhamapala, put forward by the Non-Aligned Movement.", "67. As a non-nuclear State, Senegal particularly welcomed the recent decision to entrust the Disarmament Commission with the negotiation of a complete test‑ban treaty, and pledged its readiness to contribute actively to that important project.", "68. At the regional level, Senegal had welcomed South Africa's announcement that it would dismantle its nuclear weapons. He stressed the need for IAEA to be fully notified of the inventory of nuclear material resulting from that process of dismantling and, in general, for all such nuclear material to be placed under total control or transferred out of Africa, with a view to ensuring the denuclearization of the African continent.", "69. In the Asian region, Senegal welcomed the joint declaration by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the United States of America on efforts to achieve a denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, and the decision by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to suspend its withdrawal from the NPT and to pursue negotiations with IAEA.", "70. Despite progress in the reduction and control of certain categories of weapons of mass destruction, the precarious political, economic and social equilibrium in the world was increasingly threatened by the growing build-up of conventional arms in certain vulnerable regions. His delegation therefore welcomed the establishment of the Register of Conventional Arms, and hoped that current discussions would lead to greater transparency in that area.", "71. Efforts by the Organization to promote disarmament and arms regulation could only succeed with the support of all Member States, particularly the major Powers with their formidable military arsenals. Efforts to build a world of peace and security also necessitated combating hunger, poverty and sickness, which were capable, if left unattended, of becoming more serious threats to international peace and security than those posed by military arsenals.", "72. Mr. PERRI (Brazil) said that, despite positive events in the post‑cold‑war world, such as the recent agreement between Israel and Palestine and the dismantling of apartheid, new conflicts had emerged and old ones re-emerged, rendering the maintenance of international peace and security much more complex than had been anticipated at the end of an age dominated by ideological confrontations. Particular significance attached, therefore, to preventive diplomacy, since peace-building through the promotion of a fair and equitable international order was the best diplomacy in a world in which political, military and economic imbalances still persisted.", "73. As the Brazilian Minister for Foreign Affairs had stressed in his statement to the General Assembly, the international agenda was, as before, structured around democracy, development and disarmament with their ramifications in the areas of human rights, environment and international security, and those three elements constituted the necessary foundations for peace in the new international order which the Organization was striving to build.", "74. Among encouraging recent initiatives, he welcomed the signing of START II and the plans by the United States to prohibit the production of fissionable materials. The more peaceful international situation had created an opportunity to reduce military budgets and convert military industries into civilian uses. Brazil hoped that the resources freed in that process would stimulate economic and social development, particularly for the benefit of the developing world, and, in that context, welcomed the proposal that the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) should coordinate the establishment of the United Nations interdepartmental task force on conversion.", "75. At the multilateral level, Brazil noted with satisfaction the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention by 150 countries and urged the remaining countries to add their signatures. In addition, Brazil welcomed progress in the areas of verification of biological weapons, control of conventional weapons and the prohibition of nuclear tests. It urged nuclear States not to resume testing and to persevere in their efforts to achieve a multilaterally agreed and internationally verifiable comprehensive test-ban treaty, particularly since the cessation of nuclear tests was crucial in halting vertical proliferation and progress in horizontal non-proliferation could be jeopardized if vertical proliferation was not stopped.", "76. He hoped that negotiations on expanding the membership of the Conference on Disarmament would be successfully concluded, thus meeting the need of further democratizing the Conference without impairing its efficiency.", "77. He stressed the need to complete work at the next session of the Conference on Disarmament on its remaining agenda items, and drew attention to Brazil's special interest in promoting discussion on the item related to science and technology, in the belief that consensus among supplier and recipient countries on the proposed guidelines and recommendations would be of crucial importance in strengthening international security and promoting economic and social development. A more peaceful and prosperous international order would result from universal commitment to the use and transfer of high technology for exclusively peaceful purposes.", "(Mr. Perri, Brazil)", "78. He commended the significant achievements in the field of disarmament of such United Nations bodies as the Office (now Centre) for Disarmament Affairs, the regional Centres for Disarmament, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters. Nevertheless, the continued existence of nuclear arsenals still posed a threat to peace and security. In that connection, he expressed concern at the precarious situation in parts of the former USSR where strategic nuclear weapons were stationed.", "79. Following the adoption of various international instruments by Brazil and other countries in the region, Latin America was on the verge of becoming a region in which nuclear weapons would be definitively banned. He hoped that the Treaty of Tlatelolco, recently approved by the Brazilian Government, would be adopted by other countries in the region and would be fully in force by the end of 1993.", "The meeting rose at 1.10 p.m." ]	[ "NATIONS UNIES", "Assemblée générale", "[]QUARANTE-HUITIEME SESSION", "Documents officiels", "PREMIERE COMMISSION", "3e séance", "tenue le", "lundi 18 octobre 1993", "à 10 heures", "New York", "COMPTE RENDU ANALYTIQUE DE LA 3e SEANCE", "Président : M. von WAGNER (Allemagne)", "SOMMAIRE", "DECLARATION DU PRESIDENT", "DECLARATION DU SECRETAIRE GENERAL ADJOINT AUX AFFAIRES POLITIQUES", "DEBAT GENERAL SUR TOUTES LES QUESTIONS RELATIVES AU DESARMEMENT ET A LA SECURITE INTERNATIONALE", "La séance est ouverte à 10 h 20.", "DECLARATION DU PRESIDENT", "1. Le PRESIDENT dit que l'\"ordre du jour pour le désarmement\" des sessions précédentes conserve son caractère décisif pour la solution de nombreux problèmes pressants. L'évolution politique remarquable qui a eu lieu dans un passé récent permettra au Comité de dégager un consensus sur des questions jusqu'ici insolubles. Il devra s'efforcer de regrouper les résolutions qui portent sur le même sujet chaque fois que l'évolution politique le permettra. Il faut que les délégations intéressées fassent preuve de suffisamment de souplesse et soient prêtes à transiger. La Commission pourrait également regrouper les sujets traditionnels de ses activités et les résolutions qui s'y rapportent sous des chapitres intitulés \"Rubriques générales\". Il serait bon que les délégations examinent si leurs résolutions continuent de correspondre à l'évolution du climat politique consécutive à la fin de l'affrontement Est‑Ouest.", "2. La Commission ferait bien de limiter son champ d'action en ce qui concerne les questions inscrites traditionnellement à son ordre du jour et élargir celui‑ci pour y inclure des questions plus générales portant sur la paix et la sécurité. Compte tenu de l'évolution qui s'est produite dans le monde et des nouvelles menaces inquiétantes pour la paix et la sécurité, elle devrait voir si l'ordre du jour pour la maîtrise des armements répond bien à ses responsabilités et si simplification et rationalisation sont les seuls moyens de revitaliser ses activités. En effet, réduire le nombre des résolutions sur le désarmement pourrait indiquer que la Commission perd de son importance à moins que parallèlement cette réduction ne s'accompagne d'une ouverture sur des activités politiques utiles. Réduire le volume de travail à une époque où les conflits militaires éclatent et où on recherche désespérément des moyens de les prévenir ou de les contenir risque d'être mal interprété par les gouvernements, le public et les faiseurs d'opinion.", "3. Le nouveau nom de la Commission sous‑entend apparemment qu'elle n'est pas conçue pour être un forum axé exclusivement sur les questions de maîtrise des armements. Le Secrétaire général s'est déclaré convaincu qu'il faut intégrer de manière pratique les questions relatives au désarmement et à la réglementation des armements dans le cadre élargi de l'agenda pour la paix et la sécurité internationales. Cependant, la Commission ne doit pas oublier les dispositions pertinentes de la Charte des Nations Unies qui définissent les domaines d'action de l'Assemblée générale et de ses commissions. Toutefois, nonobstant l'Article 12 de la Charte, la Commission peut, dans le cadre de ses responsabilités générales, formuler des recommandations en ce qui concerne un différend ou une situation dont le Conseil de sécurité n'est pas saisi. Elle peut également formuler des recommandations, des directives ou des principes généraux relatifs à la paix et à la sécurité internationales afin de faire mieux comprendre les concepts de diplomatie préventive et les mesures visant à créer un climat de confiance et à consolider la paix. En inscrivant les questions de désarmement traditionnelles dans le cadre plus général des problèmes de sécurité, des conflits naissants et des risques à la paix, la Commission sera mieux placée pour les circonscrire à celles qui sont essentielles.", "DECLARATION DU SECRETAIRE GENERAL ADJOINT AUX AFFAIRES POLITIQUES", "4. M. GOULDING (Secrétaire général adjoint aux affaires politiques) rappelle que dans son rapport intitulé \"Nouvelles dimensions de la réglementation des armements et du désarmement dans la période de l'après‑guerre froide\" (A/C.1/47/7), le Secrétaire général estime qu'il faut intégrer le désarmement dans la structure plus large de la paix et de la sécurité internationales au lieu d'en faire un problème distinct. Il existe de nombreuses possibilités de progrès dans le domaine du désarmement. La Conférence des Etats parties au Traité sur la non‑prolifération des armes nucléaires qui se tiendra en 1995 est l'occasion pour la communauté internationale d'apporter une réponse aux préoccupations que suscitent les risques de prolifération d'armes nucléaires. Son département a redéployé son personnel pour contribuer à une bonne préparation de la Conférence.", "5. Il ressort de la décision prise par la Conférence du désarmement, à savoir demander à son comité spécial sur l'interdiction des essais nucléaires d'entamer au début de l'année 1994 des négociations de fond en vue de la conclusion d'un traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires, que les Etats, en particulier les Etats dotés d'armes nucléaires, s'engagent à nouveau à réaliser cet objectif de longue date. L'heureuse issue des négociations sur la Convention sur l'interdiction de la mise au point, de la fabrication, du stockage et de l'utilisation des armes chimiques et sur leur destruction est un bon exemple du travail que la Conférence du désarmement peut faire avec la participation de la communauté internationale. Cette convention sera le premier instrument multilatéral comportant des dispositions précises qui s'appliqueront également à toutes les parties. Il est également important que les Etats s'engagent à nouveau à négocier un système de vérification de la Convention sur l'interdiction de la mise au point, de la fabrication et du stockage des armes bactériologiques (biologiques) ou à toxines et sur leur destruction qui soit applicable, comme ils l'ont reconnu à la troisième Conférence des parties chargée de l'examen du Traité.", "6. On peut voir à certains signes l'intention de s'attaquer sérieusement aux problèmes du monde de l'après‑guerre froide. Dans un certain nombre de régions, on redouble d'efforts pour favoriser la coopération et créer un climat de confiance; on renforce les mécanismes de coopération régionale pour y inclure les problèmes de sécurité, ce qui constitue une forme de diplomatie préventive basée sur la transparence. La Commission a un rôle important à jouer à cet égard en favorisant ces processus.", "7. La prolifération des armes classiques est l'une des conséquences les plus effroyables de la guerre froide. M. Goulding précise qu'en sa qualité d'ancien Secrétaire général adjoint aux opérations de maintien de la paix, il sait parfaitement l'obstacle que constitue pour la maîtrise et le règlement des conflits dans nombre de régions du monde la grande quantité d'armes envoyées dans ces régions ces deux dernières décennies. Il faut, dans le cadre d'une action concertée, menée notamment par les gouvernements dans leurs propres territoires, récupérer les énormes quantités d'armes qui se trouvent entre les mains de groupes politiques ou de particuliers. L'établissement du nouveau Registre des armes classiques des Nations Unies qui garantit une plus grande franchise et transparence dans les questions militaires constitue un grand pas", "(M. Goulding)", "en avant. L'utilisation sans discernement des mines terrestres est un autre problème qui appelle d'urgence l'attention de la communauté internationale.", "8. Pour relever ces défis, le Secrétaire général a décidé de donner au Bureau des affaires de désarmement la nouvelle appellation de Centre des affaires de désarmement; il demeurera à New York et continuera de faire partie du Département des affaires politiques. Sous réserve de l'approbation de l'Assemblée générale, les effectifs seront ramenés à leur niveau précédent du fait de l'adjonction prévue de trois postes, principalement pour faire face au travail imposé par la tenue du Registre des armes classiques. Le Secrétaire général a chargé le Bureau d'étudier comment les mesures visant à créer un climat de confiance, les techniques de vérification et autres mécanismes qui ont été élaborés et testés dans le domaine de la maîtrise des armements et du désarmement pourraient être perfectionnés et servir d'instruments de diplomatie préventive, de rétablissement et de consolidation de la paix après les conflits avec le consentement des gouvernements intéressés. Le Centre présente à cet égard l'avantage de compter parmi son personnel plusieurs personnes qui ont participé à des missions de maintien de la paix ces derniers mois et en ont tiré une expérience fort utile.", "9. La Conférence du désarmement reste le principal cadre de négociations d'accords internationaux sur la maîtrise des armements et le désarmement. Du fait de la démission de M. Bérasatégui, Secrétaire général de la Conférence, le Secrétaire général a nommé M. Vladimir Petrovsky, Directeur général de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève, au poste de secrétaire général de la Conférence et l'a chargé d'être son représentant personnel à la Conférence à titre provisoire à compter du 5 décembre 1993. M. Petrovsky remplira ces fonctions simultanément avec celles de directeur général de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.", "10. Les activités des trois centres régionaux sont actuellement en train d'être réexaminées dans l'optique des nouvelles possibilités offertes. Leur rôle devra peut‑être être redéfini pour veiller à ce que leurs activités aient une incidence dans les régions qu'ils desservent et fassent effectivement partie intégrante de l'action du Secrétariat face aux possibilités qui lui sont ouvertes et aux tâches qui l'attendent.", "DEBAT GENERAL SUR TOUTES LES QUESTIONS RELATIVES AU DESARMEMENT ET A LA SECURITE INTERNATIONALE", "11. M. MARIN-BOSCH (Mexique) dit que, depuis quelque temps, la Conférence du désarmement ressent le contrecoup de l'évolution rapide de la situation internationale; pour la deuxième année consécutive, le rapport de la Conférence à l'Assemblée générale contient des résultats concrets. La décision d'entreprendre les négociations longtemps ajournées sur l'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires marquera un tournant dans les efforts que déploie la communauté internationale pour arrêter et inverser la prolifération nucléaire sous tous ses aspects. L'évolution de la position du nouveau Gouvernement américain en ce qui concerne l'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires a, dans une large mesure, permis d'arriver à cette décision. Malheureusement, on n'a pas pu parvenir à un accord sur l'élargissement de la composition de la Conférence en 1993 du fait de l'opposition d'un seul membre. Il reste à espérer que le pays concerné reviendra sur sa position.", "(M. Marin-Bosch, Mexique)", "12. La signature du Traité entre les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et l'Union des Républiques socialistes soviétiques sur la réduction et la limitation des armes stratégiques et offensives, le Protocole de Lisbonne et le Traité START II marquent le début de l'inversion de la course aux armements nucléaires. De même que la course aux armements nucléaires a sa propre dynamique soutenue par les intérêts de complexes militaro‑industriels, le processus de réduction de ces arsenaux a aussi sa propre dynamique qui exigera une réduction plus importante des armes nucléaires. Cependant, dans 10 ans, quand les dispositions des Traités START seront pleinement appliquées, les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et la Fédération de Russie disposeront d'arsenaux nucléaires et stratégiques plus importants que ceux de la fin des années 60, au moment de la signature du Traité de non‑prolifération. Dans un monde où les armes nucléaires se comptent par dizaines de milliers, la communauté internationale n'a pas encore adopté de position bien définie pour ce qui est de ces armes de destruction massive.", "13. En ce qui concerne les essais nucléaires, on pouvait espérer que les Etats dotés de l'arme nucléaire feraient preuve de modération, favorisant ainsi les prochaines négociations sur la question. Cependant, le 5 octobre 1993, la Chine a rompu le moratoire de facto sur les essais et, dans les capitales des autres Etats dotés de l'arme nucléaire, on a réouvert le débat sur la poursuite des essais nucléaires. Cette situation aura des incidences négatives sur la Conférence du désarmement de Genève. La reprise des essais a déjà eu des conséquences politiques immédiates et pourrait compromettre directement le dialogue sur la non‑prolifération des armes nucléaires. Les Etats nucléaires seraient peu fondés à exiger des autres ce qu'ils ne sont pas eux‑mêmes disposés à faire, et il n'est pas très sérieux de procéder à quelques essais, quelle que soit leur importance, avant de fermer définitivement la porte aux autres. Il se pose la question de savoir si les Etats nucléaires bénéficient de privilèges spéciaux. En tant que parties au Traité de non‑prolifération, les Cinq continuent de négocier afin de chercher à assurer l'arrêt de toutes les explosions expérimentales d'armes nucléaires à tout jamais proclamé dans le Traité sur l'interdiction partielle des essais. En outre, aux termes de l'article VI du Traité sur la non‑prolifération, chacune des parties au Traité s'engage à poursuivre de bonne foi des négociations sur des mesures efficaces relatives à la cessation de la course aux armements nucléaires à une date rapprochée et au désarmement nucléaire et sur un traité de désarmement général et complet sous un contrôle international strict et efficace et une interdiction complète des essais est indispensable à la \"cessation de la course aux armements nucléaires\".", "14. Il y a 30 ans, le Mexique, à l'instar d'autres membres du Comité des 18 puissances sur le désarmement, faisait observer que le Traité sur l'interdiction partielle des essais nucléaires représentait un premier pas vers l'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires et un désarmement général et complet sous un contrôle international efficace, alors qu'en signant le Traité, le Secrétaire d'Etat américain déclarait que l'histoire retiendra en fin de compte la façon dont le monde a cherché à résoudre le problème de la paix. Depuis trois longues décennies, la paix reste une oeuvre inachevée. Il est vrai que, dans les années 70, les Etats se sont efforcés de négocier un traité d'interdiction complète des essais, mais cette occasion et d'autres ont été gâchées. C'est pourquoi plusieurs pays, dont le Mexique, s'efforcent d'obtenir une interdiction complète des essais en modifiant le Traité sur l'interdiction", "(M. Marin-Bosch, Mexique)", "partielle des essais. Ils poursuivent leur démarche et, en août 1993, des progrès importants ont été faits pendant les consultations que le Président de la Conférence d'amendement a eues à New York. La modification du Traité d'interdiction partielle des essais complète, estime‑t‑on, d'autres initiatives et présente, de toute évidence, à certains égards des avantages par rapport à d'autres méthodes. Entre‑temps, la Conférence du désarmement a décidé de négocier un traité d'interdiction complète des essais à partir de janvier 1994.", "15. Cependant, la route qui mène de la décision prise lors de la Conférence à la négociation du traité est semée d'embûches. La semaine dernière, à Genève, des divergences sont apparues sur le meilleur moyen de mettre à profit la période comprise entre octobre et janvier. Il est évident que certaines puissances nucléaires veulent avancer à un rythme plutôt lent, alors que la majorité des membres de la Conférence préfère progresser plus rapidement. Les membres du Groupe des 21 ont même proposé que la Conférence fixe l'année 1994 comme date limite pour la conclusion du Traité d'interdiction complète des essais.", "16. La Conférence ayant décidé d'entamer la négociation au mois de janvier, il importe donc de concrétiser cet accord politique dans un document. A cet effet, un effort doit être fait pour trouver des formules de compromis permettant de hâter les négociations, et les membres de la Conférence doivent donc commencer tout de suite la discussion des deux principaux aspects du futur traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires, à savoir la portée de l'interdiction et le système de vérification. Toutefois, il ne faut pas s'attendre à des progrès rapides, si l'on persiste à vouloir retarder les négociations ou à effectuer d'autres essais nucléaires.", "17. Le Traité sur la non-prolifération des armes nucléaires interdit à ses parties non dotées d'armes nucléaires d'acquérir ce type d'arme, et donc d'effectuer des essais nucléaires. Il reste toutefois que plusieurs dizaines de pays n'ont pas encore adhéré au TNP. Il s'agit de savoir si ces pays, ainsi que le reste de la communauté internationale, accepteraient la mise en place d'une sorte de système de quota d'essais pour chaque Etat nucléaire avant l'entrée en vigueur du traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires.", "18. Les cinq Etats nucléaires se déclarent prêts à conclure un traité d'interdiction complète, mais les motivations ne sont pas nécessairement les mêmes, aux vues de leur niveau de développement respectif dans ce domaine. Néanmoins, tous ont apprécié à des degrés divers les avantages d'un tel traité sur le renforcement de la non-prolifération horizontale des armes nucléaires. Certains le considèrent même comme une étape en vue de la non-prolifération verticale qui ouvrirait ainsi la voie au désarmement nucléaire.", "19. On aborde ici une question fondamentale. En évoquant les cinq Etats dotés d'armes nucléaires, on fait une distinction formelle sur la base du TNP et de considérations chronologiques. Mais, d'autres considérations aboutiraient à une vision différente. A titre d'exemple, le Bélarus, le Kazakhstan et l'Ukraine sont dotés d'armes nucléaires mais n'ont jamais procédé à des essais; l'Afrique du Sud a possédé six engins nucléaires sans procéder à des essais, et affirme maintenant qu'elle n'en a plus; l'Inde, quant à elle, en a eu au moins un; on pense généralement qu'Israël dispose d'armes nucléaires, ainsi que d'autres pays. Néanmoins, la communauté internationale demeure attachée au TNP et à ses", "(M. Marin-Bosch, Mexique)", "définitions quelque peu archaïques. Le fait est que dans les années 90, la distinction entre les pays dotés d'armes nucléaires et certains pays non dotés d'armes nucléaires est de plus en plus floue, car certains de ces derniers importent de grandes quantités de plutonium pour les besoins de leur industrie nucléaire civile déjà bien développée. Ces pays, ainsi que d'autres pays hautement industrialisés sont \"des Etats potentiellement dotés d'armes nucléaires\" du fait qu'ils peuvent produire un engin nucléaire en quelques mois, voire en quelques semaines. Il y a ensuite ce que l'on appelle les Etats considérés comme \"cas limites\", qui ont d'importants programmes nucléaires mais ne sont pas parties au TNP. Enfin, il y a la troisième catégorie de pays non parties au TNP, dits Etats provisoirement dotés d'armes nucléaires comme le Bélarus, le Kazakhstan, l'Ukraine et l'Afrique du Sud.", "20. Ce sont là quelques-unes des questions que les parties au TNP doivent examiner lors du processus de préparation de la Conférence d'examen et de prorogation du TNP de 1995 . Une autre question concerne ce qui s'est produit en Iraq, pays partie au TNP, et les raisons de cette situation. Les inspecteurs de l'ONU et de l'AIEA ont découvert une quantité impressionnante de matériel qui prouve l'existence en Iraq d'un ambitieux programme nucléaire : il semble impossible que pendant des années, en particulier dans les années 80, un matériel aussi \"sensible\" ait pu être exporté en si grandes quantités sans qu'aucun des Etats exportateurs (qui sont tous parties au TNP) ne se soit douté que les Iraquiens étaient en train de préparer quelque chose. Une autre question se pose concernant les conséquences de la récente attitude de la République populaire démocratique de Corée sur l'avenir du régime de non‑prolifération.", "21. La Convention sur l'interdiction de la fabrication, du stockage et de l'emploi des armes chimiques et sur leur destruction tente de remédier à ces situations plutôt confuses touchant à la non‑prolifération des armes de destruction massive. Après son entrée en vigueur, la Convention demande à chaque Etat partie de déclarer s'il est propriétaire ou détenteur d'armes chimiques, si de telles armes se trouvent sur son territoire, s'il en a transférées ou reçues depuis le 1er janvier 1946, et de signaler toute installation de fabrication d'armes chimiques qu'il a ou a eue sur son territoire. C'est là que réside la clef de l'uniformité du régime de la Convention pour toutes les parties. Pour ce qui est des armes chimiques, mais aussi biologiques, il n'existe rien qui rappelle \"la société de caste\" qui existe dans le domaine nucléaire et qui doit disparaître si l'on veut mettre en place un régime de non‑prolifération nucléaire véritable, universel et équitable. Les Etats dotés d'armes nucléaires (et certains autres) ne peuvent continuer à exiger le droit d'observer les installations nucléaires des autres, que ce soit de manière unilatérale ou par le biais de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique (AIEA) si l'on veut instaurer le climat de confiance ou d'ouverture si souvent exigé à d'autres pays en ce qui concerne les autres armes et systèmes d'armement.", "22. La communauté internationale en général et les cinq Etats dotés d'armes nucléaires en particulier ont aujourd'hui l'occasion de franchir un pas décisif sur la voie du désarmement nucléaire. Le processus de préparation de la Conférence d'examen et de prorogation du TNP de 1995 est le cadre idéal pour l'ouverture d'un dialogue franc sur le futur régime de non‑prolifération nucléaire.", "(M. Marin-Bosch, Mexique)", "23. La question de la non‑prolifération des armes de destruction massive sous tous ses aspects ainsi que celle des missiles balistiques prend de plus en plus d'importance. La délégation mexicaine considère qu'il est temps de demander à la Conférence de Genève d'examiner ce sujet de manière plus approfondie et formelle; il s'agit là d'ailleurs d'une question qui doit retenir l'attention des diverses instances multilatérales de désarmement, notamment de la Commission de désarmement. A cet égard, le Secrétaire général devrait élaborer, aidé en cela par un petit groupe d'experts gouvernementaux, une étude succincte sur cette question d'importance vitale pour la communauté internationale. La délégation mexicaine a l'intention d'explorer avec d'autres délégations intéressées la possibilité de présenter un projet de résolution en ce sens.", "24. M. ZAHRAN (Egypte), prenant la parole en sa qualité de Président de la Conférence du désarmement, présente le rapport annuel de la Conférence sur ses travaux de la session de 1993 (A/48/27). Contrairement à 1992, ce rapport ne soumet pas d'instrument international à l'Assemblée générale pour examen, mais la Conférence a examiné de manière très approfondie un certain nombre de questions de fond et d'organisation, progressant ainsi dans l'étude de questions d'importance vitale pour la paix et la sécurité internationales. A cet égard, le 10 août 1993, la Conférence a décidé, entre autres, de donner à son comité spécial sur une interdiction des essais nucléaires mandat de négocier une interdiction complète des essais, et de prendre les dispositions nécessaires pour mener des consultations durant la période allant du 3 septembre 1993 au 17 janvier 1994 sur le mandat précis de négociation et sur l'organisation de cette négociation. Ainsi, pour la première fois depuis la conclusion du Traité interdisant les essais d'armes nucléaires dans l'atmosphère, dans l'espace extra-atmosphérique et sous l'eau du 5 août 1963, l'instance multilatérale de négociation de la communauté internationale va négocier un traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires. Cet objectif si longtemps attendu par la communauté internationale semble à présent être plus proche que jamais. La prochaine négociation sur un point auquel l'Assemblée générale accorde la plus haute priorité depuis la conclusion du Traité sur l'interdiction partielle des essais nucléaires implique un engagement politique qui exigera du Secrétariat les ressources nécessaires pour appuyer ces négociations.", "25. En ce qui concerne la composition de la Conférence, le Coordonnateur spécial pour la question de l'élargissement, comme on peut le lire aux paragraphes 13 et 14 du rapport annuel a mené des consultations approfondies avant de soumettre son rapport. Comme il est dit au paragraphe 15, de nombreuses délégations d'Etats Membres et non Membres ont fait des déclarations sur ce sujet, mais aucune conclusion n'a été dégagée avant la fin de la session annuelle. Le Président a donc été chargé de poursuivre ses consultations pour parvenir à un consensus pendant l'intersession. Il a entamé ces consultations et entend les poursuivre jusqu'à l'ouverture de la session de 1994. Des difficultés subsistent, mais les membres sont pleinement conscients de la nécessité d'élargir la composition de l'instance multilatérale de négociation sur le désarmement. Ce terrain d'entente devrait faciliter la réalisation de cet objectif.", "26. En ce qui concerne les méthodes de travail de la Conférence, des consultations informelles à participation non restreinte ont été organisées; leurs résultats sont résumés aux paragraphes 19 et 20 du rapport annuel. Le rapport abrégé de la Conférence communiqué à la présente session de l'Assemblée", "(M. Zahran, Egypte)", "est le résultat de l'examen de la question de l'amélioration et de l'efficacité du fonctionnement de la Conférence.", "27. Les activités des quatre comités spéciaux mis sur pied par la Conférence à la session annuelle de 1993 méritent d'être mises en relief. Le Comité spécial sur une interdiction des essais nucléaires a progressé dans l'examen des diverses questions liées à ce point de l'ordre du jour, et a également examiné les aspects relatifs à la structure et à la portée d'un futur accord ainsi qu'à la vérification et au respect des obligations. On a reconnu que pour assurer le respect du futur Traité sur l'interdiction complète des essais, il faudrait mettre en place un système de vérification efficace et internationalement applicable. Pour la première fois dans l'histoire de la Conférence, des travaux préliminaires ont été engagés sur les moyens de vérification non sismiques. On a largement reconnu que l'adoption d'une décision visant à donner au Comité spécial le pouvoir de négocier, constituerait un tournant capital dans l'action multilatérale en vue de la conclusion d'un traité d'interdiction complète des essais.", "28. Le Comité spécial sur la prévention d'une course aux armements dans l'espace a examiné diverses questions se rapportant à ses travaux futurs et a également exprimé son appréciation aux collaborateurs du Président pour avoir organisé des consultations ouvertes à tous sur les mesures de confiance, la terminologie et les aspects juridiques liés à la prévention d'une course aux armements dans l'espace. Il y a eu une large convergence de vues sur le fait que la conclusion d'un ou plusieurs accords internationaux visant à empêcher une telle course aux armements demeure la tâche fondamentale du Comité et que les propositions sur les mesures de confiance pourraient faire partie intégrante des accords en question. Il a été recommandé à la Conférence du désarmement de reconstituer au début de la session de 1994 le Comité spécial sur la prévention d'une course aux armements dans l'espace en lui confiant un mandat approprié pour poursuivre le travail de fond sur toutes les questions dont il est saisi.", "29. Le Comité spécial chargé de négocier sur des arrangements internationaux efficaces pour garantir les Etats non dotés d'armes nucléaires contre l'emploi ou la menace de ces armes, poursuivant l'examen qu'il consacre à cette question importante, a déclaré qu'il était nécessaire de redoubler d'efforts, compte tenu des transformations récentes du climat politique international. En conséquence, il y a eu accord sur la recommandation de rétablir le Comité spécial au début de la session de 1994.", "30. En 1993, la Conférence a, pour la première fois, constitué le Comité spécial sur la transparence dans le domaine des armements. A sa première session, le Comité a examiné quantité de points nouveaux, notamment a procédé à un échange de vues sur le fond d'un certain nombre de questions complexes en rapport avec le sujet. Il a examiné la question de l'accumulation excessive et déstabilisatrice d'armes, celle des dotations militaires et achats liés à la production nationale, celle des transferts d'armements et transferts de technologie de pointe ayant des applications militaires ainsi que celle des armes de destruction massive. Il a été saisi de 18 documents de travail dont plusieurs contenaient des propositions concrètes. Bien que l'on ne soit pas parvenu à un accord sur ces propositions, les délégations ont partagé le sentiment que beaucoup des éléments qui y figuraient pouvaient servir de point de départ aux travaux qui seraient menés pour promouvoir la confiance et la", "(M. Zahran, Egypte)", "stabilité. Le Comité spécial a donc recommandé de le rétablir au début de la session de 1994 de la Conférence.", "31. Les travaux de la Conférence en 1993 ont continué sur la voie positive ouverte l'année passée avec l'accord historique sur la Convention interdisant les armes chimiques. De nouvelles idées et des terrains d'entente sont apparus depuis que la coopération internationale a remplacé les affrontements de la guerre froide. La décision d'entamer des négociations sur un traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires est un des faits nouveaux les plus remarquables de la période de l'après-guerre froide. Les négociations seront certes difficiles et il faudra faire face à un certain nombre de questions délicates mais M. Zahran se déclare convaincu que la Conférence s'acquittera parfaitement des lourdes responsabilités qui sont les siennes en tant qu'organe international de négociation sur la question de désarmement.", "32. M. O'SULLIVAN (Australie) dit que trois événements significatifs ont eu lieu depuis la dernière réunion de la Commission. Tout d'abord, la Convention sur les armes chimiques a été mise au point, ouverte à la signature et a recueilli un large appui international. Le secrétariat technique provisoire mis en place à cette occasion est un exemple de coopération multilatérale digne d'être mentionné; il est déjà opérationnel, ce qui augure bien de l'application effective du Traité. M. O'Sullivan invite vivement l'ensemble des Etats signataires à prendre les mesures nécessaires pour assurer dès que possible l'application des dispositions de la Convention. De même, il demande aux Etats non signataires de revoir leur position afin que l'application de l'interdiction complète sur les armes chimiques prenne un caractère universel.", "33. En deuxième lieu, la décision importante prise par la Conférence du désarmement de commencer des négociations sur un traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires annonce l'avènement d'une période nouvelle et attendue depuis longtemps de négociations internationales sur le désarmement. Le traité servira un double objectif : empêcher la fabrication de nouvelles générations d'armes nucléaires et renforcer le régime de non-prolifération nucléaire. L'Australie est convaincue que le gros des travaux sur l'élaboration du traité sera terminé à temps pour la conférence d'examen du TNP en avril 1995. Toutefois, il est essentiel de travailler parallèlement sur les aspects politiques, juridiques et de vérification du traité, aspects qui se renforcent mutuellement. L'Australie est prête à envisager la possibilité de consacrer davantage de temps aux négociations à la session de 1994 de la Conférence de désarmement. Etant donné les progrès réalisés sur la voie de l'ouverture de négociations sur un traité, la récente décision de la Chine de violer le moratoire de fait sur les essais nucléaires observé depuis plus d'un an est tout à fait regrettable.", "34. L'Australie espère que les Etats dotés d'armes nucléaires donneront, sous forme de déclaration commune ou autre déclaration obligatoire, de nouvelles assurances unilatérales de ne pas utiliser ces armes contre les pays ayant pris des engagements en ce qui concerne la non‑prolifération. Avec le Traité sur l'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires, une telle action faciliterait grandement l'examen et la prorogation du TNP.", "35. La prorogation du TNP à la Conférence d'examen de 1995 est essentielle, ne serait‑ce que parce qu'elle fournira une base juridique solide pour la", "(M. O'Sullivan, Australie)", "coopération internationale dans l'utilisation pacifique de l'énergie nucléaire. L'Australie, à l'instar de nombreux autres pays, est pour une prorogation indéfinie du Traité et continuera de participer activement aux réunions préparatoires de la Conférence de 1995.", "36. La fin de la guerre froide représente à la fois un défi au régime de non‑prolifération nucléaire et une occasion de le renforcer. Inquiète de la prolifération des armes nucléaires en Asie du Sud, l'Australie souhaiterait un dialogue plus actif sur les questions nucléaires entre l'Inde et le Pakistan. De même, l'Ukraine et le Kazakhstan doivent être encouragés à respecter leurs obligations aux termes du Protocole de Lisbonne à l'Accord START I et à adhérer au TNP en tant qu'Etats non dotés d'armes nucléaires, à l'exemple du Bélarus.", "37. L'Australie se félicite également de la coopération de l'Afrique du Sud avec l'AIEA depuis son adhésion au TNP, et en particulier de sa politique de transparence totale concernant ses activités nucléaires. Toutefois, la persistance de l'Iraq et de la République populaire démocratique de Corée à ne pas respecter les obligations de garantie de l'AIEA demeure alarmante.", "38. L'Australie soutient pleinement les efforts entrepris depuis la guerre du Golfe pour renforcer l'efficacité et la transparence du système de garanties de l'AIEA, ainsi que les travaux du Groupe consultatif permanent sur l'application des garanties, et encourage les autres pays à faire de même. En ce qui concerne le dernier point, il souligne l'importance d'une application effective des accords de garanties pour la prévention des activités nucléaires clandestines et la promotion de la Conférence dans le cadre du régime de non‑prolifération fondé sur le TNP.", "39. Le renforcement du contrôle des exportations à usage nucléaire et des arrangements relatifs aux fournisseurs nucléaires irait dans le sens des objectifs de non‑prolifération du TNP. En outre, les accords régionaux de non‑prolifération comme les Traités de Tlatelolco en Amérique latine et de Rarotonga dans le Pacifique Sud complètent le régime international de non‑prolifération fondé sur le TNP. Des mesures visant l'établissement de zones exemptes d'armes nucléaires dans les autres régions permettraient non seulement de forger une attitude plus positive vis‑à‑vis des arrangements de non‑prolifération dans ces régions, mais encourageraient également le soutien régional au TNP en prévision de la Conférence de 1995.", "40. L'Australie compte participer, dans les années à venir, aux négociations visant à mettre fin à la production de matières fissiles et à instaurer un système de contrôle multilatéral et non discriminatoire des achats de systèmes de missiles qui comportent des risques de déstabilisation, particulièrement de ceux qui sont utilisés comme vecteurs d'armes de destruction massive.", "41. On a eu tendance à sous-estimer la menace que la prolifération des armes biologiques fait peser sur la sécurité internationale. Depuis longtemps déjà, l'Australie juge préoccupant que l'efficacité du seul instrument mondial visant l'élimination de ces armes — la Convention sur l'interdiction de la mise au point, de la fabrication et du stockage des armes bactériologiques (biologiques) ou à toxines et sur leur destruction — soit limitée par l'absence de mécanismes permettant de vérifier que les Etats s'acquittent bien des obligations qui leur incombent au titre dudit instrument. Elle se félicite donc que le rapport du", "(M. O'Sullivan, Australie)", "Groupe ad hoc d'experts gouvernementaux conclue au bien-fondé de l'adoption de mesures de vérification et fournisse une base technique solide sur laquelle asseoir l'élaboration des mesures en question. L'Australie appuie l'organisation d'une conférence spéciale à cet effet, et suggère que les autres Etats parties fassent de même en le notifiant sans retard à l'un des pays dépositaires.", "42. La fin de la guerre froide a donné une efficacité nouvelle aux travaux de la Commission en matière de sécurité régionale; elle lui a permis d'oeuvrer en faveur de la maîtrise des armements et de renforcer la sécurité et la confiance dans certaines régions. Des progrès ont été faits dans la région Asie‑Pacifique, les pays de l'ANASE ayant pris l'initiative d'ouvrir un dialogue sur la sécurité dans la région en créant le Forum régional de l'Association. L'Australie a également participé aux travaux du Groupe de travail sur la maîtrise des armements et la sécurité régionale, organisé sous les auspices des Etats-Unis et de la Russie, et suit la question avec intérêt.", "43. En ce qui concerne la transparence dans le domaine militaire, notamment en matière d'armements, l'intervenant note avec satisfaction que de nombreux pays ont déjà fait parvenir au Secrétaire général les informations demandées au titre du Registre des armes classiques. Il entend pour sa part participer activement, au cours de l'Assemblée générale et de la Conférence du désarmement, à l'élaboration de mécanismes mondiaux de transparence, ainsi que de directives concernant les achats d'armements. Il faudra par ailleurs examiner prochainement la nécessité de réglementer plus efficacement l'utilisation des mines terrestres, ce qui exige une révision de la Convention sur les armes inhumaines.", "44. En conclusion, l'intervenant rappelle qu'il lui a été demandé d'étudier la possibilité d'élargir la Conférence du désarmement afin de lui permettre de s'acquitter plus efficacement de ses tâches. A la suite de nombreuses consultations informelles, il a proposé à la Conférence une solution de compromis, sur laquelle les membres n'ont malheureusement pas réussi à se mettre d'accord. Il est toutefois convaincu qu'avec l'aide du Président de la Conférence, une solution pourra bientôt être trouvée, qui remportera l'approbation générale.", "45. M. PIZARRO (Chili) estime que, malgré la fin de la guerre froide, il reste encore beaucoup à faire dans le domaine du désarmement. Son gouvernement déplore que la Chine ait récemment enfreint le moratoire volontaire sur les essais nucléaires, amenant les autres puissances nucléaires à remettre en question leurs propres engagements.", "46. Le Chili s'inquiète particulièrement de l'extension du Traité sur la non‑prolifération des armes nucléaires. Tout en reconnaissant le bien-fondé de ses objectifs, il continue de considérer ce traité comme un instrument discriminatoire car, à son avis, la prolifération accrue des armes nucléaires est en grande partie due à l'inégalité des droits et des obligations entre les Etats dotés de l'arme nucléaire et ceux qui ne le sont pas. Le Gouvernement chilien a néanmoins revu sa position à ce sujet, dans l'espoir que les parties se montreraient plus flexibles à leur tour et autoriseraient des observateurs à participer à la préparation de la Conférence de 1995. Il faut tirer parti de", "(M. Pizarro, Chili)", "l'occasion qu'offre le climat politique actuel pour examiner sans contrainte le régime de non-prolifération des armes nucléaires.", "47. Il est également inquiétant que l'on ne parvienne pas à se mettre d'accord sur un élargissement éventuel de la Conférence du désarmement. L'intervenant demande instamment aux parties intéressées d'intensifier leurs consultations, afin d'aplanir les difficultés que soulève encore la proposition du représentant de l'Australie, proposition que le Chili considère pour sa part comme une option viable.", "48. Alors qu'approche son cinquantième anniversaire, l'ONU se doit de relever le défi et de faire véritablement fonction de catalyseur dans le domaine de la paix et de la sécurité internationales. La délégation chilienne approuve donc les propositions tendant à rationaliser les activités de la Commission et à revoir son ordre du jour. L'objectif de la Commission devrait être d'établir des règles plus contraignantes qui renforcent véritablement la paix et la sécurité internationales.", "49. L'Amérique latine et les Caraïbes soutiennent sans réserve la cause du désarmement, comme le montrent la détermination politique de l'Argentine, du Brésil et du Chili à assurer l'application du Traité de Ttatelolco, ainsi que les accords conclus sur des questions nucléaires entre l'Argentine et le Brésil, accords dont la portée dépasse celle d'instruments comparables.", "50. S'agissant de la Convention sur les armes chimiques, la déclaration finale d'un séminaire régional récemment tenu à Santiago a notamment souligné qu'il fallait veiller à l'applicabilité universelle de la Convention ainsi qu'au fonctionnement efficace et équilibré de son régime de vérification. L'Accord de Mendoza sur l'interdiction totale des armes chimiques et biologiques bénéficie déjà en outre d'un large appui régional. Au Chili, la Convention sur l'interdiction d'utiliser des techniques de modification de l'environnement à des fins militaires ou toutes autres fins hostiles (ENMOD) est actuellement examinée par la Chambre des députés en vue de sa ratification.", "51. L'intervenant juge encourageant le grand nombre de réponses relatives au Registre des armes classiques reçues par le Centre des affaires de désarmement. Il est essentiel d'améliorer le Registre afin qu'il serve véritablement à instaurer un climat de confiance, aux niveaux bilatéral, régional et mondial. A cette fin, le Gouvernement chilien a non seulement fait état de ses transferts d'armes mais également de ses stocks; il a aussi manifesté son intention de participer aux prochaines réunions d'experts gouvernementaux sur ce sujet.", "52. Les problèmes de désarmement n'ont rien perdu de leur urgence et le rôle qu'ils jouent dans la sécurité internationale est plus manifeste que jamais. Le Gouvernement chilien se demande si le Centre des affaires de désarmement dispose bien des ressources humaines et matérielles nécessaires pour faire face à ses besoins.", "53. Depuis l'émergence du nouvel ordre international, le problème de la sécurité a pris une importance nouvelle; il n'est plus possible d'aborder la question de façon traditionnelle car, dans bien des régions du monde, la sécurité est désormais liée à la pauvreté. Le représentant du Chili demande donc à la Commission de garder à l'esprit les quatre points suivants :", "(M. Pizarro, Chili)", "premièrement, la sécurité des personnes est à présent aussi importante, sinon plus importante, que la sécurité de l'Etat; deuxièmement, les problèmes sécuritaires que connaît un pays, une région ou une zone géographique risquent, par‑delà les frontières, de compromettre la stabilité des pays, régions ou zones avoisinants; troisièmement, les problèmes économiques, sociaux, environnementaux et autres sont des problèmes de sécurité, au sens contemporain du terme; quatrièmement, la fin de la guerre froide a permis de revenir à des idées, comme celle des \"zones de paix\", que la confrontation idéologique avait rendues impraticables. Il a été amplement prouvé en Amérique latine que ces zones étaient un bon moyen de promouvoir la coopération et la compréhension, et de diminuer les tensions militaires éventuelles.", "54. Le désarmement doit être un processus mondial qui, en tenant dûment compte des caractéristiques de chaque région, devrait entraîner une amélioration sensible des conditions de vie des populations des pays en développement. L'intervenant estime qu'il s'agit là de buts à la réalisation desquels l'ONU offre un cadre tout désigné, étant inscrits dans sa Charte. Il est donc impératif de saisir l'occasion unique que fournit la conjoncture politique actuelle de progresser sensiblement sur la voie du désarmement, de la paix et de la sécurité internationaux au plus grand bénéfice des générations à venir.", "55. M. MROZIEWICZ (Pologne) dit que, depuis 1989, la scène internationale a connu des bouleversements profonds qui ont modifié la nature même de la sécurité internationale. Si, depuis la fin de la guerre froide, certaines sources d'instabilité et certains conflits régionaux ont disparu et de nouvelles possibilités de régler les différends de longue date sont apparues, de nouveaux conflits, autrefois larvés, ont éclaté, alimentés par une recrudescence du nationalisme, voire de xénophobie. Pendant des décennies, la sécurité internationale a dépendu de l'équilibre des forces militaires; maintenant qu'elle résulte surtout d'un équilibre politique, le rôle du Conseil de sécurité et des organisations régionales a pris une importance nouvelle.", "56. La Pologne entretient de bonnes relations avec ses voisins en coopérant notamment avec le Groupe de Visegrad et les pays baltes. Elle s'efforce également de renforcer ses liens avec les pays d'Europe occidentale, des Etats‑Unis et du Canada. En matière de politique étrangère, elle vise en priorité à s'intégrer à l'OTAN et à la Communauté européenne.", "57. L'Europe doit maintenant mettre en place un système assurant la sécurité égale de tous les pays de la région. La Conférence sur la sécurité et la coopération en Europe (CSCE) pourrait servir de cadre au règlement des différends et à la prévention des conflits. Si besoin est, elle pourrait demander l'intervention des alliances militaires intéressées qui joueraient ainsi un double rôle, celui d'alliances au sens de l'Article 52 de la Charte des Nations Unies et celui d'institutions dotées de responsabilités paneuropéennes, rôle auquel la Pologne attache une importance particulière.", "58. Le TNP constitue l'un des piliers de la sécurité internationale et il devrait être prolongé pour une durée illimitée à la Conférence des parties chargée de l'examen prévue en 1995. Cette conférence sera d'autant plus efficace qu'elle aura été préparée par des négociations constructives sur le Traité d'interdiction complète des essais d'armes nucléaires, à la Conférence du désarmement à Genève. En raison de l'importance qu'elle attache à la", "(M. Mroziewicz, Pologne)", "non‑prolifération des armes nucléaires et avec l'appui du Groupe des pays d'Europe orientale, auquel n'a encore jamais été confiée la présidence d'une conférence chargée d'examiner le TNP, la Pologne a l'intention de proposer un candidat au siège de Président de la Conférence de 1995.", "59. La prolifération des matières et techniques nécessaires à la production d'armes de destruction massive et leur vente clandestine à des régions où existent des conflits larvés font peser des risques accrus sur la paix et la sécurité internationales. La question devrait donc continuer de recevoir une attention prioritaire.", "60. En se félicitant de ce que quelque 150 Etats aient signé la Convention sur l'interdiction de la mise au point, de la fabrication, du stockage et de l'emploi des armes chimiques et sur leur destruction, l'intervenant a souligné qu'il fallait d'urgence veiller à ce que la Convention entre en vigueur et à ce que les Etats signataires coopèrent avec la Commission préparatoire de l'Organisation pour l'interdiction des armes chimiques. La Pologne s'associera aux Pays-Bas et au Canada pour présenter un projet de résolution sur la question.", "61. La Pologne se félicite de la création, dans le cadre de la Conférence du désarmement, d'un comité ad hoc sur la transparence dans le domaine des armements. L'Atelier régional organisé au début de 1993 en Pologne par le Centre des Nations Unies pour les affaires de désarmement a facilité la participation des Etats de la région aux activités relatives au Registre des armes classiques, auquel la Pologne attache une grande importance.", "62. Les nouvelles réalités et les priorités en matière de désarmement exigent une refonte des mécanismes de désarmement, notamment la rationalisation du programme de travail de la Première Commission et de ses méthodes de travail, ce qui permettra de réduire le nombre de ses résolutions et de renforcer leur crédibilité. L'intervenant se félicite de la décision prise par la Conférence du désarmement de concentrer ses travaux sur quatre questions seulement en 1993, et de créer rapidement les organes subsidiaires correspondants mais regrette que ses membres ne soient pas parvenus à un consensus sur la question cruciale de son élargissement. Il est essentiel de trouver une solution de compromis tenant compte des différentes aspirations des Etats souhaitent devenir membres de la Conférence, sans pour autant compromettre son pouvoir de négociation.", "63. M. CISSE (Sénégal) dit que l'optimisme créé par les mutations positives survenues dans le contexte international et l'engagement croissant de l'ONU dans les efforts de paix est tempéré par la préoccupation devant la recrudescence des conflits armés. Seul un désarmement général et complet permettra d'instaurer une coopération multilatérale et, partant, le développement économique et social, qui sont nécessaires pour prévenir ces conflits.", "64. C'est pourquoi le Sénégal est encouragé par les progrès importants réalisés dans le cadre du désarmement en 1993, notamment par la signature de la Convention sur l'interdiction de la mise au point, de la fabrication, du stockage et de l'emploi des armes chimiques et leur destruction, et espère que les formalités requises pour son entrée en vigueur seront bientôt accomplies et que pourra commencer, pour la première fois dans l'histoire de l'humanité, un processus d'élimination totale d'une catégorie d'armes de destruction massive.", "(M. Cissé, Sénégal)", "65. Le Sénégal se félicite également de la signature par les Etats‑Unis et la Fédération de Russie du Traité START II en 1993, et espère que les derniers obstacles à la ratification du Protocole de Lisbonne seront surmontés sans délai.", "66. L'intervenant note avec préoccupation que de nombreuses questions, de procédure notamment, concernant la Conférence de 1995 chargée de l'examen du Traité n'ont pas été réglées et appelle l'attention, en particulier, sur la question de la présidence de la Conférence, indiquant que sa délégation soutient la candidature de S. E. M. Dhampala présentée par le Mouvement des non‑alignés.", "67. En tant qu'Etat non doté d'arme nucléaire, le Sénégal se félicite tout particulièrement de la décision prise récemment de charger la Commission du désarmement de négocier un traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires, et se déclare prêt à contribuer activement à cet important projet.", "68. Sur le plan régional, le Sénégal a accueilli avec satisfaction, l'annonce faite par l'Afrique du Sud concernant le démantèlement de ses armes nucléaires. L'intervenant souligne que l'inventaire du matériel nucléaire produit à la suite du démantèlement doit être notifié d'urgence à l'AIEA et que ce matériel doit être placé pour contrôle total ou transféré hors de l'Afrique afin d'assurer la dénucléarisation du continent africain.", "69. En ce qui concerne la région de l'Asie, la délégation sénégalaise accueille avec satisfaction la déclaration commune faite par la République populaire démocratique de Corée et les Etats‑Unis concernant les efforts qu'ils déploient en vue de parvenir une dénucléarisation de la péninsule coréenne, ainsi que la décision de la première de suspendre son retrait du TNP et de poursuivre les négociations avec l'AIEA.", "70. En dépit des progrès réalisés concernant la réduction et le contrôle de certaines catégories d'armes de destruction massive, le renforcement croissant des arsenaux d'armes classiques dans certaines régions vulnérables du monde continue à faire peser des menaces sur le précaire équilibre politique, économique et social. Aussi, l'intervenant se félicite de l'établissement d'un Registre des armes classiques et espère que les discussions en cours aboutiront à une plus grande transparence dans ce domaine.", "71. Les efforts déployés par l'ONU en vue de promouvoir le désarmement et la réglementation des armements ne pourront aboutir qu'avec le soutien de tous les Etats Membres, notamment des grandes puissances détentrices de terrifiants arsenaux militaires. Construire un monde de paix et de sécurité exige également que l'on lutte contre la faim, la pauvreté et la maladie, fléaux qui risquent, si l'on n'y prend garde, de compromettre plus gravement la paix et la sécurité internationales que les arsenaux militaires.", "72. M. PERRI (Brésil) dit que, malgré les événements positifs de la période de l'après-guerre froide, tels que le récent accord entre Israël et la Palestine et le démantèlement de l'apartheid, de nouveaux conflits sont apparus et d'autres, plus anciens, ont resurgi, rendant plus complexe que prévu le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales à la fin d'une époque marquée par les confrontations idéologiques. Il faut donc accorder une importance particulière à la diplomatie préventive, car la consolidation de la paix par la promotion", "(M. Perri, Brésil)", "d'un ordre international juste et équitable constitue la meilleure diplomatie dans un monde où persistent des déséquilibres politiques, militaires et économiques.", "73. Comme l'a souligné le Ministre brésilien des affaires étrangères dans son discours devant l'Assemblée générale, l'agenda de la communauté internationale demeure articulé autour de la démocratie, du développement et du désarmement, avec leurs incidences sur les droits de l'homme, l'environnement et la sécurité internationale, ces trois éléments constituant les fondements nécessaires pour la paix dans le cadre du nouvel ordre international que l'ONU s'efforce de mettre en place.", "74. S'agissant des initiatives encourageantes prises récemment, l'intervenant se félicite de la signature du Traité START II ainsi que de l'intention des Etats‑Unis d'interdire la production de matières fissiles. La conjoncture plus pacifique a offert la possibilité de réduire les budgets militaires et de reconvertir les industries d'armements à des fins civiles. Le Brésil espère que les ressources dégagées dans le cadre de ce processus stimuleront le développement économique et social, en particulier dans l'intérêt du monde en développement, et se félicite à cet égard de la proposition tendant à charger la CNUCED de coordonner la création d'un groupe interdépartemental spécial des Nations Unies sur la reconversion.", "75. Sur le plan multilatéral, l'intervenant note avec satisfaction la signature de la Convention sur les armes chimiques par 150 pays et demande instamment aux autres pays de l'associer à eux. Il se félicite également des progrès réalisés dans les domaines de la vérification des armes biologiques, du contrôle des armes classiques et de l'interdiction des essais nucléaires. Il demande instamment aux Etats nucléaires de ne pas reprendre leurs essais et de poursuivre leurs efforts en vue de parvenir à la conclusion d'un traité multilatéral d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires, et dont l'application puisse être vérifiée par la communauté internationale, d'autant que la cessation des essais nucléaires est cruciale pour arrêter la prolifération verticale et que les progrès vers la non‑prolifération horizontale risquent d'être compromis si la prolifération verticale n'était pas arrêtée.", "76. L'intervenant espère que les négociations sur l'élargissement de la Conférence du désarmement aboutiront, répondant ainsi au besoin de la démocratiser davantage, sans nuire à son efficacité.", "77. M. Perri dit qu'à sa session suivante la Conférence du désarmement devra achever ses travaux sur les autres questions inscrites à son ordre du jour et appelle l'attention sur l'intérêt particulier que porte le Brésil à la promotion du dialogue sur la question relative à la science et à la technologie, convaincu qu'un consensus entre les pays fournisseurs et les pays bénéficiaires sur les directives et les recommandations proposées serait d'une importance cruciale pour le renforcement de la sécurité internationale et la promotion du développement économique et social. La détermination de la communauté internationale à assurer l'utilisation et le transfert des techniques de pointe à des fins exclusivement pacifiques contribuerait à l'instauration d'un ordre international plus pacifique et plus prospère.", "(M. Perri, Brésil)", "78. L'intervenant se félicite des progrès importants réalisés dans le domaine du désarmement par les organismes des Nations Unies tels que le Bureau (devenu Centre) des affaires de désarmement, les centres régionaux pour le désarmement, l'Institut des Nations Unies pour la recherche sur le désarmement et le Conseil consultatif pour les questions de désarmement. Néanmoins, le maintien d'arsenaux nucléaires représente toujours une menace à la paix et à la sécurité. A cet égard, M. Perri exprime sa préoccupation devant la situation précaire qui prévaut dans certaines parties de l'ex‑URSS, où se trouvent des armes nucléaires stratégiques.", "79. A la suite de l'adoption de divers instruments internationaux par le Brésil et d'autres pays de la région, l'Amérique latine est sur le point de devenir une région où les armes nucléaires seront définitivement interdites. L'intervenant espère que le Traité de Tlatelolco, approuvé récemment par le Gouvernement brésilien, sera adopté par d'autres pays de la région et mis en oeuvre dans toutes ses dispositions avant la fin de 1993.", "La séance est levée à 13 h 10." ]	[ "[]", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "3rd meeting", "held on", "Monday, 18 October 1993", "at 10 a.m.", "New York", "SUMMARY RECORD OF THE 3rd MEETING", "Chairman: Mr. von WAGNER (Germany)", "CONTENTS", "STATEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN", "STATEMENT BY THE UNDER-SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS", "GENERAL DEBATE ON ALL DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AGENDA ITEMS", "The meeting was called to order at 10.20 a.m.", "STATEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN", "1. The CHAIRMAN said that the \"disarmament agenda\" of previous sessions would remain crucial in relation to many pressing questions. The remarkable political developments of the recent past would help the Committee move towards consensus on hitherto untractable issues. The Committee should endeavour to merge resolutions which dealt with the same topic whenever political changes offered an opportunity to do so. The delegations involved needed to display sufficient flexibility and political will to compromise. The Committee might also wish to cluster the traditional topics of its work and the respective resolutions under so-called \"head items\". Delegations should also consider whether their resolutions still corresponded to the changed political climate after the end of the East-West confrontation.", "2. The Committee might do well to narrow its focus with regard to the traditional disarmament agenda and, at the same time, widen it to comprise broader issues of peace and security. In view of the changes that had been taking place in the world, and the troubling new trends which threatened peace and security, the Committee should consider whether the arms control agenda comprehensively reflected its responsibilities and whether streamlining and rationalization were the only means to revitalize its work. Fewer resolutions on disarmament might signal a decline in the Committee's importance if such reduction was not accompanied by the opening up of other avenues for meaningful political activities. The Committee would not be giving the right signal to Governments, the public and public opinion makers if it simply reduced its workload at a time when military conflicts were flaring and means to prevent or contain them were desperately being sought.", "3. The Committee's new name seemed to imply that the Committee was not intended to be a forum that focused exclusively on arms control questions. The Secretary-General had suggested that there was a need for the practical integration of disarmament and arms regulation issues into the broader structure of the international peace and security agenda. At the same time, however, the Committee had to keep in mind the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations which circumscribed the scope for action by the General Assembly and its committees. However, notwithstanding Article 12 of the Charter, the Committee could, within the framework of its general responsibilities, make recommendations with regard to a dispute or situation which was not before the Security Council. The Committee could also formulate recommendations, guidelines or general principles relating to international peace and security with a view to promoting a deeper understanding of the concepts of preventive diplomacy, confidence-building and post-conflict peace‑preserving measures. By putting the traditional disarmament agenda into the broader context of security concerns, emerging conflicts and risks to peace, the Committee might be in a better position to narrow it down to those items which were of paramount interest.", "STATEMENT BY THE UNDER-SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS", "4. Mr. GOULDING (Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs) recalled that in his report entitled \"New dimensions of arms regulation and disarmament in the post-cold war era\" (A/C.1/47/7), the Secretary-General had argued that disarmament should be integrated into the broader structure of international peace and security rather than be pursued in isolation. There were considerable opportunities for progress in the field of disarmament. The 1995 Conference of the States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) provided an important opportunity for an internationally agreed response to the concerns about the danger of proliferation of nuclear weapons. His Department had redeployed staff to provide the necessary input for the successful preparation of the Conference.", "5. The decision by the Conference on Disarmament to give its Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban a mandate to begin substantive negotiations for a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty at the beginning of 1994 showed that a new commitment was being made to realize that long-standing objective, especially on the part of the nuclear-weapon States. The successful completion of the negotiations on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction was an example of the work that could be done by the Conference on Disarmament with the participation of all sectors of the international community. That Convention would be the first multilateral instrument with comprehensive provisions for implementation which would apply equally to all parties. New commitments to negotiate a workable verification system for the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction were also important, as had been recognized at the Third Review Conference.", "6. There were signs of a new level of seriousness in tackling the difficult problems of the post-cold-war world. Solid work for cooperation and confidence‑building had been undertaken in a number of regions; the strengthening of regional cooperation systems to include security issues provided a form of preventive diplomacy based on transparency. The Committee had an important role in encouraging those processes.", "7. The proliferation of conventional weapons was one of the most ghastly legacies of the cold war. In his previous capacity as Under-Secretary-General for Peace-keeping Operations, he had been vividly aware of the extent to which conflict control and resolution in many parts of the world were complicated by the vast quantities of weapons which had been injected into those areas over the past two decades. Concerted action, primarily by Governments in their own territories, was needed to mop up the huge quantities of weapons which were in the hands of political groups or private individuals. The establishment of the new United Nations Register of Conventional Arms was an important step in creating greater openness and transparency in military matters. The indiscriminate use of landmines was another issue which required the urgent and decisive attention of the international community.", "8. In order to respond to these opportunities and challenges, the Secretary-General had decided to rename the Office for Disarmament Affairs the \"Centre for", "(Mr. Goulding)", "Disarmament Affairs\" and to keep it in New York as an integral part of the Department of Political Affairs. With the agreement of the General Assembly, the staff would be brought back to its earlier strength with the proposed addition of three posts, primarily in connection with the work on the Register of Conventional Arms. The Secretary-General had instructed the Office to consider how confidence-building measures, verification and other techniques which had been developed and tested in the field of arms control and disarmament could be further developed and used as instruments of preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and post-conflict peace-building, with the consent of the Governments concerned. In that connection, the Centre had an advantage in that quite a few staff members had served in peace-keeping missions in recent months, bringing valuable experience from the field.", "9. The Conference on Disarmament remained the principal forum for the negotiation of international agreements on arms control and disarmament. In view of the resignation of Mr. Bérasatégui, Secretary-General of the Conference, the Secretary-General had appointed Mr. Vladimir Petrovsky, Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva, to be the Secretary-General of the Conference and to act as his Personal Representative to it, on an interim basis, with effect from 5 December 1993. Mr. Petrovsky would carry out those functions concurrently with his functions as Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva.", "10. The work of the Centre's three regional centres was currently being re‑examined in the light of the new opportunities for progress on a regional basis. The role of the centres might have to be redefined to ensure that their activities had an impact in the regions they served and formed an effective part of the Secretariat's response to the opportunities and challenges it faced.", "GENERAL DEBATE ON ALL DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AGENDA ITEMS", "11. Mr. MARIN-BOSCH (Mexico) said that for some time, the Conference on Disarmament had been feeling the impact of the rapid changes in the international situation; for the second consecutive year, its report to the General Assembly contained concrete results. The decision to undertake the long‑postponed negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear test ban would be a turning-point in the international community's efforts to stop and reverse nuclear proliferation in all its aspects. That decision had been possible, in large part, because of the change in position of the new United States Administration with regard to a comprehensive nuclear test ban. Unfortunately, it had not been possible to reach agreement on enlarging the composition of the Conference in 1993 because of a solitary negative voice. It was to be hoped that the country concerned would reconsider its position.", "12. Washington and Moscow were beginning to reverse the nuclear‑arms race, with the signing of the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START), the Lisbon Protocol and the START II Treaty. Just as the nuclear-arms race had a dynamic of its own, promoted by the interests of the military and industrial complexes, the process of reducing those arsenals had its own dynamic which would demand ever larger reductions of nuclear weapons.", "(Mr. Marin‑Bosch, Mexico)", "However, in 10 years, when the provisions of the START treaties were fully implemented, the strategic nuclear arsenals of the United States of America and Russia would still be larger than those of the late 1960s when the Non‑Proliferation Treaty had been signed. Moreover, the world was flooded with tens of thousands of nuclear weapons and the international community had yet to agree on a clearly defined path with regard to those weapons of mass destruction.", "13. Where nuclear testing was concerned, it had been possible to hope that the nuclear-weapon States would show restraint, thus benefiting the forthcoming negotiations on the subject. However, on 5 October 1993, China had broken the de facto test moratorium, and in the capitals of other nuclear-weapon States the debate had been reopened regarding the continuation of nuclear testing. That would have negative repercussions on the Geneva Conference on Disarmament. The resumption of testing had already had immediate political consequences, and could affect directly the dialogue on nuclear non-proliferation. The nuclear-weapon States would have little authority to demand from others what they themselves were unwilling to do, and to conduct a few tests, small or very large, before closing the door definitively to others did not seem a very serious pattern of behaviour. The question arose of whether the nuclear-weapon States enjoyed special privileges. As NPT Parties, the five had undertaken to continue negotiations \"to seek to achieve the discontinuation of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time\", as the text of the Partial Test-Ban Treaty (PTBT) put it. Moreover, article VI of the NPT stated that each of the Parties to the Treaty undertook to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear‑arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, and a comprehensive test ban was the key to that \"cessation of the nuclear arms race\".", "14. Thirty years ago Mexico, like other members of the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament (ENDC), had pointed out that the PTBT represented a \"first step\" towards the complete prohibition of nuclear tests and towards general and complete disarmament under effective international control, while on signing the PTBT, the United States Secretary of State had stated that history would eventually record how the world dealt with the unfinished business of peace. Over three long decades the \"business of peace\" had remained unfinished. It was true that in the 1970s there had been attempts to negotiate a Comprehensive Test‑Ban Treaty (CTBT), but that opportunity, and others, had been squandered. Hence the initiative taken by several countries, including his own, to seek a comprehensive test ban by amending the PTBT. That process continued, and in August 1993 important advances had been achieved during the consultations held in New York by the President of the Amendment Conference. It had been agreed that the PTBT amendment process complemented other efforts and offered obvious advantages in certain areas over other approaches. In the meantime the Conference on Disarmament had decided to negotiate a CTBT beginning in January of 1994.", "15. But the road between the Conference's decision and the CTBT negotiation itself was proving somewhat difficult. During the past week, differences had begun to emerge in Geneva as to how best to utilize the time between October and", "(Mr. Marin‑Bosch, Mexico)", "January. Obviously some nuclear Powers wanted a rather slow pace, whereas the majority of the Conference members preferred a faster one. The members of the Group of 21 had even suggested that the Conference set 1994 as the target date for the conclusion of a CTBT.", "16. Given the Conference's decision to undertake negotiations in January, it was obviously important to translate that political agreement at once into one on paper. To that end, an effort must be made to find compromise formulas ensuring an expeditious negotiation, and members of the Conference should therefore begin at once the discussion of the two main aspects of the future CTBT: the scope of the prohibition and its verification system. However, rapid enough progress would certainly not be made if there was insistence on delaying the negotiations or conducting more nuclear tests.", "17. The NPT prohibited its non-nuclear-weapon Parties from acquiring nuclear weapons and therefore from carrying out nuclear tests. But several dozen countries had not yet adhered to the NPT. Would they and the rest of the international community accept the establishment of a kind of testing quota for each of the nuclear-weapon States before the CTBT's entry into force?", "18. The five nuclear-weapon States had said that they were ready to conclude a CTBT. But their motives were not necessarily identical, because of the different levels of nuclear development involved. Nevertheless, all appreciated, to varying degrees, the advantages that a CTBT would have in strengthening the horizontal non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Some even saw it as a step to ensure vertical non-proliferation, and thus as paving the way towards nuclear disarmament.", "19. That point opened up an area of fundamental importance. To speak of the five nuclear-weapon States was to make a formal distinction, based on the NPT and on a merely chronological consideration. But other considerations led to a different approach. For example, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine had nuclear weapons but had never tested; South Africa had had six devices without testing them and now said that it no longer had them; India had had at least one; it was generally assumed that Israel had nuclear weapons, while it was believed that there were other countries that also had them. Nevertheless, the international community remained attached to the NPT and its somewhat archaic definitions. The fact was that, in the 1990s, of the lines between nuclear-weapon States and some non-nuclear‑weapon States were becoming blurred, with some of the latter importing large quantities of plutonium for their advanced civilian nuclear industry. Those and other highly industrialized countries were \"potential nuclear-weapon States\", since they could produce a nuclear device in a matter of months or weeks. Then there were the so-called nuclear \"threshold States\", countries that had significant nuclear programmes but were not parties to the NPT. And now there was a third category of non-NPT countries, the \"temporary nuclear-weapon States\" including Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and South Africa.", "20. The foregoing were some of the questions which the NPT Parties should examine during the preparatory process of the 1995 Review and Extension Conference. Another question was what had happened in Iraq, a party to the NPT, and why. United Nations and IAEA inspectors had found an impressive amount of", "(Mr. Marin‑Bosch, Mexico)", "material in Iraq betraying an ambitious nuclear programme: it seemed impossible that for years, especially in the 1980s, so-called \"sensitive\" material had been exported in such quantities without any of the exporting States (all of them NPT Parties) suspecting that the Iraqis were building something? The question also arose of the impact on the future of the NPT non-proliferation regime of the recent case of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.", "21. The Chemical Weapons Convention attempted to remedy those rather confusing situations regarding the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The Convention required each Party to declare, once it entered into force, whether it possessed chemical weapons, whether there were such weapons on its territory, whether it had transferred or received them since 1 January 1946, and whether there were or had been chemical weapon facilities on its territory. Therein lay the key to the CWC's uniform regime for all parties. In relation to chemical, and also biological, weapons, there was nothing resembling the \"caste society\" that existed in the nuclear field, and there, too, have to disappear if a genuine, universal and equitable nuclear non-proliferation regime was to be built. Nuclear-weapon States (and some others) could not continue to demand a right to observe others' nuclear installations, whether unilaterally or through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). That was certainly not conducive to the climate of confidence or openness so often required of other countries with regard to other weapons and weapons systems.", "22. The international community in general and the five nuclear-weapon States in particular now had an opportunity to move forward decisively in the field of nuclear disarmament. The preparatory process of the 1995 NPT review and extension conference offered the best vehicle to undertake a frank dialogue on the future nuclear non-proliferation regime.", "23. The question of the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in all its aspects and of ballistic missiles was gaining increasing importance. His delegation believed that the time had come to request the Geneva Conference to undertake a more intense and formal examination of that subject, and that it merited consideration in the different multilateral disarmament forums, including the United Nations Disarmament Commission. The Secretary-General should prepare, with the help of a small group of governmental experts, a brief study on the question, which was of vital importance to the international community. His delegation intended to explore with other interested delegations the possibility of submitting a draft resolution in that regard.", "24. Mr. ZAHRAN (Egypt), speaking as President of the Conference on Disarmament, introduced the annual report of the Conference on its work during the 1993 session (A/48/27). The current report did not, as had been the case in 1992, transmit an international instrument for consideration by the General Assembly, but the Conference had, however, worked very hard on a number of substantive and organizational matters, thus advancing its consideration of issues of vital importance for international peace and security. In particular, on 10 August 1993 the Conference had decided, inter alia, to give its Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban a mandate to negotiate a CTB, with consultations being held between 3 September 1993 and 17 January 1994 on the specific mandate for, and organization of, the negotiations. Thus, for the first time since the", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water of 5 August 1963, the multilateral negotiating forum of the international community was proceeding to the negotiation of a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty. That long-sought objective of the international community seemed now to be closer than ever before. The forthcoming negotiation on an item to which the General Assembly had assigned the highest priority since the conclusion of the PTBT implied a political commitment which would require the necessary Secretariat resources to ensure that the negotiations received support.", "25. With regard to the composition of the Conference, the Special Coordinator for membership had conducted detailed consultations before submitting his report, which appeared in paragraphs 13 and 14 of the annual report. As noted in paragraph 15, many members and non‑members had made statements on the subject, but no conclusion had been reached before the end of the annual session. The President had accordingly been mandated to continue consultations to achieve consensus during the intersessional period. He had started those consultations, and intended to continue them until the beginning of the 1994 session. While difficulties remained, members were fully conscious of the need to expand the multilateral disarmament negotiating forum. That common ground would be helpful in achieving the expansion of the Conference.", "26. With respect to the Conference's methods of work, informal open‑ended consultations had been held, and the discussions and their results were reflected in paragraphs 19 and 20 of the annual report. The shorter report the Conference was submitting to the Assembly's current session was the result of the review undertaken on its improved and effective functioning.", "27. The activities of the four ad hoc committees set up by the Conference during the 1993 annual session deserved to be highlighted. The Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban had made progress in its consideration of various issues of importance to the agenda item, and had also reviewed aspects relating to structure and scope, as well as verification and compliance. There had been general recognition that in order to ensure compliance with a future CTBT, an effective internationally applicable verification system would be required. Preliminary work had also been started, for the first time in the history of the Conference, on non-seismic means of verification. It was widely recognized in the Conference that the adoption of a decision to give the Ad Hoc Committee a negotiating mandate was a major turning‑point for multilateral work towards a CTBT.", "28. The Ad Hoc Committee on Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space had considered various areas relating to its future work, and had also expressed its appreciation of the organization by the Friends of the Chairman of open-ended consultations on the issues of CBMs, terminology and legal aspects related to the prevention of an arms race in outer space. There had been wide agreement that the conclusion of an international agreement or agreements to prevent such an arms race remained the Committee's fundamental task and that the proposals on CBMs could form an integral part of those agreements. It had been recommended that at the beginning of the 1994 session, the Conference on Disarmament re‑establish the Ad Hoc Committee on Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space with an appropriate mandate to continue substantive work on all the issues before it.", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "29. The Ad Hoc Committee on Effective International Arrangements to Assure Non‑Nuclear-Weapon States against the Use or Threat of Use of Nuclear Weapons, continuing its review of that important subject, had expressed the view that there was a need to step up efforts in the light of recent transformations in the international political climate. Accordingly, it had agreed to recommend that the Ad Hoc Committee should be re‑established at the beginning of the 1994 session.", "30. In 1993, the Conference had for the first time established the Ad Hoc Committee on Transparency in Armaments. At its first session, the Committee had covered a great amount of new ground, including a substantive exchange of views on a number of complex issues surrounding that subject. It had discussed excessive and destabilizing accumulation of arms, military holdings and procurement through national production, and arms transfers and transfers of high technology with military applications, as well as weapons of mass destruction. Eighteen working papers had been submitted to it, several of them containing concrete proposals. Although agreement had not been reached on them, delegations had concurred that many of the issues they dealt with worked to promote trust, confidence-building and stability. The Ad Hoc committee had therefore recommended that it be re‑established at the beginning of the 1994 session of the Conference.", "31. The work of the Conference in 1993 had continued a positive trend which had started the year before with the landmark agreement on the convention prohibiting all chemical weapons. New ideas and common ground were emerging as international cooperation replaced the confrontations of the Cold War. The decision to begin negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty was one of the outstanding developments in the post-Cold War period. While the negotiations would certainly not be easy and a number of sensitive questions would have to be addressed, he was confident that the Conference would be able to discharge its heavy responsibilities as the international disarmament negotiating body of the international community.", "32. Mr. O'SULLIVAN (Australia) said that three significant events had taken place since the Committee had last met. First, the Convention on Chemical Weapons had been completed, opened for signature and had attracted widespread international support. The Provisional Technical Secretariat set up in that connection was a fine example of multilateral cooperation; its activities were already well under way, which augured well for the effective implementation of the Treaty. He urged all signatory States to take the necessary steps so as to ensure the earliest possible implementation of the Convention. Likewise, he appealed to non‑signatory States to reconsider their position with a view to ensuring the universal application of the global ban on chemical weapons.", "33. Second, the important decision by the Conference on Disarmament to commence negotiations on a CTBT heralded a new and long-awaited era in international disarmament negotiations. The Treaty would serve the dual purpose of inhibiting the production of new generations of nuclear weapons as well as enhancing the nuclear non-proliferation regime. Australia was confident that the bulk of the work on the Treaty could be completed in time for the NPT review conference in April 1995. However, it was important that work on the political, legal and", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "verification aspects of the Treaty should proceed in parallel and should be mutually reinforcing. Australia was willing to consider the possibility of allowing additional time for negotiations at the 1994 session of the Conference on Disarmament. In view of the progress made towards the start of negotiations on a treaty, the recent decision of China to violate the de facto moratorium on nuclear testing which had been observed for more than a year was indeed regrettable.", "34. Australia hoped for greater unilateral assurances of security in the form of a joint declaration or other binding statement by States which had retained nuclear weapons that they would not use them against countries which had undertaken a commitment to non-proliferation. Together with the CTBT, such action would greatly facilitate the review and extension of NPT.", "35. The extension of the NPT at the 1995 Review Conference was essential not least to provide a secure legal basis for international cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Australia, like many other countries, was in favour of the indefinite extension of the Treaty and would continue to participate actively in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference.", "36. The end of the cold war era had provided both challenges to the nuclear non-proliferation regime and opportunities to strengthen it. Anxious about the proliferation of nuclear weapons in South Asia, his country would welcome a more active dialogue on nuclear matters between India and Pakistan. Likewise, Ukraine and Kazakhstan should be encouraged to fulfil their obligations under the Lisbon Protocol to START I and accede to the NPT as non-nuclear‑weapon States, following the example of Belarus.", "37. Australia also welcomed South Africa's cooperation with IAEA since its accession to NPT, and in particular its policy of full transparency regarding its nuclear activities. However, the continued failure of Iraq and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to comply with the IAEA safeguard obligations remained a matter of deep concern.", "38. Australia fully supported efforts undertaken since the Gulf War to strengthen the effectiveness and transparency of the IAEA safeguards system, as well as the work of the Standing Advisory Group on Safeguards Implementation (SAGSI), and encouraged other countries to do likewise. With regard to the latter, he stressed the importance of the effective implementation of safeguards agreements for the prevention of clandestine nuclear activities and the promotion of confidence in the NPT-based non-proliferation regime.", "39. The tightening of nuclear-use export controls and strengthening of nuclear supplier arrangements would also underscore the non-proliferation objectives of the NPT. Furthermore, regional non-proliferation arrangements such as the treaties of Tlatelolco in Latin America and Rarotonga in the South Pacific complemented the international non-proliferation regime based on the NPT. Steps towards the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones in the other regions would not only forge a more positive attitude towards non-proliferation arrangements in those regions but also encourage regional support for the NPT in the lead-up to the 1995 conference.", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "40. Australia looked forward to participating in the coming years in negotiations for an end to the production of fissionable material and for multilateral non-discriminatory controls on the purchase of destabilizing missile systems, particularly those used for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction.", "41. The risk posed by the proliferation of biological weapons had tended to be underestimated as a potential threat to international security. Australia had long been concerned that the effectiveness of the only global instrument for the abolition of such weapons - the Biological Weapons Convention - was limited by the absence of mechanisms to verify compliance with the obligations under the Convention. It therefore welcomed the report of the Ad Hoc Group of Governmental Experts which concluded that verification measures would enhance the effective implementation of the Convention, and also provided a sound technical basis for developing the verification mechanism required. In that connection Australia supported the convening of a special conference for that purpose, and suggested that other States parties should do likewise by notifying one of the depositary countries without delay.", "42. Since the end of the cold war, the Committee had been able to address more effectively the issue of regional security, as well as to encourage arms control and security and confidence-building measures in particular regions. Progress had been made in his region with the ASEAN countries taking a leading role in establishing a dialogue on security in the wider Asia Pacific region by setting up the ASEAN Regional Forum. Australia had also participated in the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group co-sponsored by the United States of America and Russia, and looked forward to further developments in that area.", "43. As to military transparency particularly in regard to armaments, he noted with satisfaction that many countries had already sent their replies to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms. He looked forward to participating actively during the General Assembly and the Conference on Disarmament in the future development of global transparency mechanisms and arms acquisition guidelines. Another important matter which must be addressed in the near future was the need for more effective rules governing the use of land mines which called for a review of the Convention on Inhumane Weapons.", "44. In conclusion, he recalled that he had been entrusted with the task of looking into how to expand the Conference on Disarmament so that it could perform its duties more effectively. Following extensive informal consultations, he had proposed to the Conference a compromise solution on which it had regrettably been unable to reach agreement. None the less, he was confident that, with the assistance of the President of the Conference, a solution could be found which would meet with general approval.", "45. Mr. PIZARRO (Chile) said that despite the end of the cold war, important work still had to be done in the field of disarmament. His Government deplored the recent violation by China of the voluntary moratorium on nuclear testing, which had prompted the other nuclear Powers to reconsider their commitments in that respect.", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "46. One matter of particular concern was the extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. While Chile endorsed the purpose of the Treaty, it continued to view it as a discriminatory instrument, believing that the inequality of rights and obligations between nuclear-weapon States and non‑nuclear‑weapon States had largely been responsible for the greater proliferation of such weapons. None the less the Chilean Government had reconsidered its position on the NPT in the hope that the parties would also be more flexible and allow the participation of observers in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference. It was important to take advantage of the opportunity afforded by the current political climate for the unrestricted discussion of the nuclear non-proliferation regime.", "47. A further cause for concern was the lack of agreement on the question of expanding the Conference on Disarmament. He urged the parties concerned to intensify their consultations with a view to resolving the remaining difficulties regarding the proposal by the representative of Australia, which his country regarded as a viable alternative.", "48. As it approached its fiftieth anniversary, the United Nations must take up the challenge of becoming a true catalyst of international peace and security. In that connection, he endorsed the proposals for rationalizing the work and revising the agenda of the Committee. The aim should be for the Committee to issue more binding norms which would effectively strengthen international peace and security.", "49. The Latin American and Caribbean region was firmly committed to the cause of disarmament, as borne out by the political will of Argentina, Brazil and Chile to ensure implementation of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, not to mention the agreements on nuclear matters between Argentina and Brazil, whose provisions went beyond those of comparable agreements.", "50. With regard to the Convention on Chemical Weapons, the final declaration of a regional seminar held recently in Santiago drew attention, inter alia, to the importance of ensuring the universal applicability of the Convention as well as the effective and balanced operations of its verification regime. Furthermore, the Mendoza Accord on the total ban of chemical and biological weapons had already attracted broad support at the regional level. The Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD) was currently before the Chilean Chamber of Deputies for ratification.", "51. The large number of replies received by the Centre for Disarmament Affairs in connection with the Register of Conventional Arms was encouraging. It was important to improve the Register with a view to making it a real means of promoting confidence at bilateral, regional and global levels. To that end his Government had not only reported on transfers but also on its stocks and indicated its willingness to participate in forthcoming meetings of governmental experts on the subject.", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "52. Disarmament problems remained urgent, and their relationship to international security was more evident than in the past. His Government was concerned that the human and material resources allocated to the Office of Disarmament Affairs no longer met its requirements.", "53. One of the main problems which had come to the fore since the emergence of a new international order was that of human security, which went beyond traditional notions of security and was determined in many parts of the world by poverty. In that connection he suggested that the Committee should bear four considerations in mind during its discussions. First, the security of individuals was now as important as, if not more important than, security of the State. Second, security problems in one country, region or geographical area could become a source of instability that extended beyond the frontiers of the area in question. Third, a modern concept of security must take account of economic, social, environmental and other problems. Lastly, the ending of the cold war had provided an opportunity to resurrect concepts formerly thwarted by ideological confrontation such as \"zones of peace\". There had been ample proof in Latin America that such zones were a useful means of promoting cooperation and understanding as well as easing potential military tensions.", "54. Disarmament must be a world-wide process which, taking due account of the characteristics of each region, should bring about real improvements in the living conditions of people in the developing countries. He believed the United Nations was the appropriate forum to achieve those aims as laid down in its Charter. It was therefore essential not to miss the unique opportunity afforded by the current political climate to achieve substantial progress in international disarmament, peace and security which would benefit generations to come.", "55. Mr. MROZIEWICZ (Poland) said that since 1989, the international arena had undergone radical changes which had affected the very essence of international security. While since the end of the cold war some sources of instability and regional conflicts had ceased to exist and new opportunities emerged to settle old disputes, other dormant conflicts had come to life, fuelled by an increase in nationalist and even xenophobic sentiments. For decades international security had hinged on the balance of military forces, but now the role of the Security Council and the involvement of regional organizations had considerably increased as the political means of guaranteeing security had come to the fore.", "56. Poland enjoyed good relations with its neighbouring countries through cooperation with inter alia the VISEGRAD Group and the Baltic States. It also encouraged the strengthening of ties with the countries of Western Europe, the United States of America and Canada; joining the north Atlantic Alliance and the European Community were among the priorities of Polish foreign policy.", "57. The fundamental challenge facing Europe at present was the establishment of a system which would provide equal security for all European countries. The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) had an important role to play in that regard and could constitute a forum for the settlement of disputes and prevention of conflicts. If necessary, the CSCE might request the intervention of the relevant military alliances. They would have the dual role", "(Mr. Mroziewicz, Poland)", "of alliances in the sense of Article 51 of the United Nations Charter and of institutions exercising Pan-European responsibilities, a role to which Poland attached particular importance.", "58. The NTP was a major pillar of international security, and should therefore be indefinitely extended at the 1995 review conference. The success of that Conference would be promoted by constructive negotiations on the CTBT at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva. Motivated by its commitment to nuclear non-proliferation and with the support of the Eastern European Group, which had not yet held the presidency of an NPT review conference, Poland intended to nominate a candidate for that presidency.", "59. The proliferation of materials and technologies for the production of weapons of mass destruction and the clandestine sales of such materials and technologies to regions of potential conflict posed an increasing challenge to international peace and security, and should therefore remain high on the agenda.", "60. Welcoming the signing by some 150 States of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, he stressed the urgent need to ensure the timely entry into force of that Convention and cooperation by signatory States with the Preparatory Commission for the Organization on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. The Netherlands, together with Canada and Poland, would submit a draft resolution on that issue.", "61. Poland welcomed the establishment, within the framework of the Conference on Disarmament, of an Ad Hoc Committee on the establishment of Transparency in Armaments. The regional workshop organized earlier in 1993 in Poland by the United Nations Centre for Disarmament Affairs had facilitated participation by States from the region in the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, to which Poland attached great importance.", "62. New realities and disarmament priorities necessitated an overhaul of the disarmament machinery, including such measures as rationalizing the agenda of the First Committee and streamlining its modus operandi, thus reducing the number, and enhancing the credibility, of its resolutions. He welcomed the decision by the Conference on Disarmament to focus on four items only in 1993, with the prompt establishment of the respective ad hoc subsidiary bodies, but regretted the failure to reach consensus on the vital issue of the expansion of the Conference's membership. It was essential to find a compromise solution which accommodated the different aspirations of States seeking membership of the Conference without undermining its negotiating strength.", "63. Mr. CISSE (Senegal) said that the optimism generated by positive changes in the international context and the increasing involvement of the Organization in international peace efforts was tempered by concerns at the resurgence of armed conflicts. Only complete and universal disarmament would make possible the multilateral cooperation, and consequent economic and social development, necessary to ensure that those conflicts could be overcome.", "(Mr. Cisse, Senegal)", "64. Senegal was therefore encouraged by the significant progress made in the area of disarmament during 1993, including the signing of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and hoped that the necessary steps would soon be completed to ensure its entry into force, which would lead to the historically unprecedented elimination of an entire category of weapons of mass destruction.", "65. Senegal also welcomed the signing in 1993 by the United States of America and the Russian Federation of START II, and hoped that the remaining obstacles to the ratification of the Lisbon Protocol would be overcome without delay.", "66. He noted with concern that many issues, particularly those concerning procedure, relating to the 1995 Review Conference on the Non-Proliferation Treaty remained unresolved, and drew attention, in particular, to the question of the presidency of the Conference, signalling his delegation's support for the candidature of Ambassador Dhamapala, put forward by the Non-Aligned Movement.", "67. As a non-nuclear State, Senegal particularly welcomed the recent decision to entrust the Disarmament Commission with the negotiation of a complete test‑ban treaty, and pledged its readiness to contribute actively to that important project.", "68. At the regional level, Senegal had welcomed South Africa's announcement that it would dismantle its nuclear weapons. He stressed the need for IAEA to be fully notified of the inventory of nuclear material resulting from that process of dismantling and, in general, for all such nuclear material to be placed under total control or transferred out of Africa, with a view to ensuring the denuclearization of the African continent.", "69. In the Asian region, Senegal welcomed the joint declaration by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the United States of America on efforts to achieve a denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, and the decision by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to suspend its withdrawal from the NPT and to pursue negotiations with IAEA.", "70. Despite progress in the reduction and control of certain categories of weapons of mass destruction, the precarious political, economic and social equilibrium in the world was increasingly threatened by the growing build-up of conventional arms in certain vulnerable regions. His delegation therefore welcomed the establishment of the Register of Conventional Arms, and hoped that current discussions would lead to greater transparency in that area.", "71. Efforts by the Organization to promote disarmament and arms regulation could only succeed with the support of all Member States, particularly the major Powers with their formidable military arsenals. Efforts to build a world of peace and security also necessitated combating hunger, poverty and sickness, which were capable, if left unattended, of becoming more serious threats to international peace and security than those posed by military arsenals.", "72. Mr. PERRI (Brazil) said that, despite positive events in the post‑cold‑war world, such as the recent agreement between Israel and Palestine and the dismantling of apartheid, new conflicts had emerged and old ones re-emerged, rendering the maintenance of international peace and security much more complex than had been anticipated at the end of an age dominated by ideological confrontations. Particular significance attached, therefore, to preventive diplomacy, since peace-building through the promotion of a fair and equitable international order was the best diplomacy in a world in which political, military and economic imbalances still persisted.", "73. As the Brazilian Minister for Foreign Affairs had stressed in his statement to the General Assembly, the international agenda was, as before, structured around democracy, development and disarmament with their ramifications in the areas of human rights, environment and international security, and those three elements constituted the necessary foundations for peace in the new international order which the Organization was striving to build.", "74. Among encouraging recent initiatives, he welcomed the signing of START II and the plans by the United States to prohibit the production of fissionable materials. The more peaceful international situation had created an opportunity to reduce military budgets and convert military industries into civilian uses. Brazil hoped that the resources freed in that process would stimulate economic and social development, particularly for the benefit of the developing world, and, in that context, welcomed the proposal that the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) should coordinate the establishment of the United Nations interdepartmental task force on conversion.", "75. At the multilateral level, Brazil noted with satisfaction the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention by 150 countries and urged the remaining countries to add their signatures. In addition, Brazil welcomed progress in the areas of verification of biological weapons, control of conventional weapons and the prohibition of nuclear tests. It urged nuclear States not to resume testing and to persevere in their efforts to achieve a multilaterally agreed and internationally verifiable comprehensive test-ban treaty, particularly since the cessation of nuclear tests was crucial in halting vertical proliferation and progress in horizontal non-proliferation could be jeopardized if vertical proliferation was not stopped.", "76. He hoped that negotiations on expanding the membership of the Conference on Disarmament would be successfully concluded, thus meeting the need of further democratizing the Conference without impairing its efficiency.", "77. He stressed the need to complete work at the next session of the Conference on Disarmament on its remaining agenda items, and drew attention to Brazil's special interest in promoting discussion on the item related to science and technology, in the belief that consensus among supplier and recipient countries on the proposed guidelines and recommendations would be of crucial importance in strengthening international security and promoting economic and social development. A more peaceful and prosperous international order would result from universal commitment to the use and transfer of high technology for exclusively peaceful purposes.", "(Mr. Perri, Brazil)", "78. He commended the significant achievements in the field of disarmament of such United Nations bodies as the Office (now Centre) for Disarmament Affairs, the regional Centres for Disarmament, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters. Nevertheless, the continued existence of nuclear arsenals still posed a threat to peace and security. In that connection, he expressed concern at the precarious situation in parts of the former USSR where strategic nuclear weapons were stationed.", "79. Following the adoption of various international instruments by Brazil and other countries in the region, Latin America was on the verge of becoming a region in which nuclear weapons would be definitively banned. He hoped that the Treaty of Tlatelolco, recently approved by the Brazilian Government, would be adopted by other countries in the region and would be fully in force by the end of 1993.", "The meeting rose at 1.10 p.m." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "General Assembly", "[]FOURTH-EIGHTH SESSION", "Official Records", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "3rd meeting", "held on", "Monday, 18 October 1993", "at 10 a.m.", "New York", "SUMMARY RECORD OF THE 3rd MEETING", "Chairman: Mr. von WAGNER (Germany)", "CONTENTS", "STATEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN", "STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ASSISTANT TO POLITICAL AFFAIRS", "GENERAL DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY", "The meeting was called to order at 10.20 a.m.", "STATEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN", "1.The CHAIRMAN said that the \"disarmament agenda\" of previous sessions remained decisive in resolving many pressing problems.The remarkable political developments that have taken place in the recent past will enable the Committee to reach consensus on issues that have so far been intractable.It should endeavour to consolidate resolutions on the same subject whenever political developments permit.The delegations concerned must be flexible enough and ready to compromise.The Commission could also group the traditional topics of its activities and related resolutions under chapters entitled \"General issues\".It would be useful if delegations could consider whether their resolutions continued to reflect the changing political climate following the end of the East-West confrontation.", "2.The Commission would do well to limit its scope on issues traditionally on its agenda and to expand its scope to include broader issues of peace and security.Given the changing world and the new and disturbing threats to peace and security, it should consider whether the arms control agenda was meeting its responsibilities and whether simplification and rationalization were the only means of revitalizing its activities.Indeed, reducing the number of disarmament resolutions could indicate that the Commission was losing its importance unless at the same time that reduction was accompanied by an opening to useful political activities.Reducing the workload at a time when military conflicts are breaking out and desperate attempts are being made to prevent or contain them, may be misinterpreted by governments, the public and opinion makers.", "3.The new name of the Commission apparently implies that it is not designed to be a forum exclusively focused on arms control issues.The Secretary-General has expressed his conviction that disarmament and arms regulation issues should be integrated in a practical manner within the broader framework of the international peace and security agenda.However, the Commission should not forget the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations that defined the areas of action of the General Assembly and its committees.However, notwithstanding Article 12 of the Charter, the Commission may, in the course of its general responsibilities, make recommendations with respect to a dispute or situation that is not before the Security Council.It may also formulate recommendations, guidelines or general principles relating to international peace and security in order to enhance understanding of concepts of preventive diplomacy and measures aimed at building confidence and consolidating peace.By including traditional disarmament issues in the broader context of security issues, emerging conflicts and threats to peace, the Commission will be better placed to focus on those that are essential.", "STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ASSISTANT TO POLITICAL AFFAIRS", "4.Mr. GOULDING (Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs) said that in his report entitled \"New dimensions of arms regulation and disarmament in the post-cold-war era\" (A/C.1/47/7), the Secretary-General believed that disarmament should be integrated into the broader structure of international peace and security rather than made a separate problem.There are many opportunities for progress in the field of disarmament.The 1995 Conference of the States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons provides an opportunity for the international community to address concerns about the risks of nuclear weapons proliferation.His Department had redeployed its staff to help prepare for the Conference.", "5.The decision of the Conference on Disarmament to request its ad hoc committee on the prohibition of nuclear tests to begin substantive negotiations in early 1994 for the conclusion of a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty shows a renewed commitment by States, in particular the nuclear-weapon States, to achieve this long-standing objective.The successful conclusion of the negotiations on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction is a good example of the work that the Conference on Disarmament can do with the participation of the international community.The Convention will be the first multilateral instrument with specific provisions that will also apply to all parties.It is also important that States recommit themselves to negotiating a verification system for the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, which is applicable, as recognized at the Third Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty.", "6.There are signs of a serious intention to address the problems of the post-cold-war world.In a number of regions, efforts are being intensified to foster cooperation and build confidence;Regional cooperation mechanisms are being strengthened to include security issues, which is a form of preventive diplomacy based on transparency.The Commission has an important role to play in this regard by promoting these processes.", "7.The proliferation of conventional weapons is one of the most appalling consequences of the cold war.He was well aware of the obstacle to the control and resolution of conflicts in many parts of the world, as a former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, of the large quantity of weapons sent to those regions over the past two decades.In a concerted effort, including by Governments in their own territories, the enormous quantities of weapons that are in the hands of political groups or individuals must be recovered.The establishment of the new United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, which guarantees greater openness and transparency in military matters, is a major step forward.", "(Mr. Goulding)", "forward.The indiscriminate use of landmines is another issue that urgently requires the attention of the international community.", "8.To meet these challenges, the Secretary-General has decided to give the Office for Disarmament Affairs the new name of the Centre for Disarmament Affairs;It will remain in New York and will continue to be part of the Department of Political Affairs.Subject to the approval of the General Assembly, the staffing level will be reduced to its previous level as a result of the proposed addition of three posts, mainly to meet the work required by the operation of the Register of Conventional Arms.The Secretary-General has mandated the Office to explore how confidence-building measures, verification techniques and other mechanisms that have been developed and tested in the field of arms control and disarmament could be further developed and used as tools for preventive diplomacy, post-conflict peacemaking and peacebuilding with the consent of the Governments concerned.In this regard, the Centre has the advantage of having several staff members who have participated in peacekeeping missions in recent months and have gained valuable experience from them.", "9.The Conference on Disarmament remains the main forum for negotiations on international agreements on arms control and disarmament.As a result of the resignation of Mr. Bérasategui, Secretary-General of the Conference, the Secretary-General appointed Mr. Vladimir Petrovsky, Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva, as Secretary-General of the Conference and appointed him to serve as his personal representative at the Conference on a provisional basis as from 5 December 1993.Mr. Petrovsky will perform these functions simultaneously with those of Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva.", "10.The activities of the three regional centres are currently being reviewed in the light of the new opportunities.Their role may need to be redefined to ensure that their activities impact the regions they serve and are effectively part of the Secretariat's response to the opportunities and tasks ahead.", "GENERAL DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY", "11.Mr. MARIN-BOSCH (Mexico) said that, for some time now, the Conference on Disarmament had been experiencing the impact of the rapid development of the international situation;For the second consecutive year, the report of the Conference to the General Assembly contains concrete results.The decision to embark on the long-delayed negotiations on the comprehensive nuclear test ban will mark a turning point in the international community's efforts to halt and reverse nuclear proliferation in all its aspects.The evolution of the position of the new United States Government with regard to the comprehensive nuclear test ban has largely led to this decision.Unfortunately, agreement could not be reached on the expansion of the membership of the Conference in 1993 because of the opposition of one member.It was to be hoped that the country concerned would return to its position.", "(Mr. Marin-Bosch, Mexico)", "12.The signing of the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic and Offensive Weapons, the Lisbon Protocol and the START II Treaty mark the beginning of the reversal of the nuclear arms race.Just as the nuclear arms race has its own dynamic, supported by the interests of military-industrial complexes, the process of reducing these arsenals also has its own dynamic, which will require a greater reduction of nuclear weapons.However, in 10 years' time, when the provisions of the START treaties are fully implemented, the United States of America and the Russian Federation will have more strategic nuclear sterns than those of the late 1960s, at the time of the signing of the Non-Proliferation Treaty.In a world where nuclear weapons are tens of thousands, the international community has not yet adopted a clear position on these weapons of mass destruction.", "13.With regard to nuclear testing, it was hoped that the nuclear-weapon States would exercise restraint, thus promoting further negotiations on the issue.However, on 5 October 1993, China broke the de facto moratorium on testing and, in the capitals of the other nuclear-weapon States, the debate on the continuation of nuclear testing was reopened.This will have a negative impact on the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva.The resumption of testing has already had immediate political consequences and could directly undermine the dialogue on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.Nuclear States would be ill-founded to demand from others what they are not themselves willing to do, and it is not very serious to carry out some tests, whatever their importance, before closing the door to others permanently.There was a question as to whether nuclear States enjoyed special privileges.As parties to the Non-Proliferation Treaty, the Five continue to negotiate in order to ensure that all nuclear test explosions that have been declared in the Partial Test Ban Treaty for ever are halted.Furthermore, under article VI of the Non-Proliferation Treaty, each of the parties to the Treaty undertakes to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to the cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control and a comprehensive test ban is essential for the \"cessation of the nuclear arms race\".", "14.30 years ago, Mexico, like other members of the 18-Power Committee on Disarmament, noted that the Partial Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty was a first step towards a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban and general and complete disarmament under effective international control, while the United States Secretary of State, in signing the Treaty, stated that history would ultimately take into account the way in which the world had sought to resolve the problem of peace.For three long decades, peace has remained an unfinished work.It is true that in the 1970s, States tried to negotiate a comprehensive test ban treaty, but this and other occasions were wasted.For this reason, several countries, including Mexico, are seeking a comprehensive test ban by amending the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.", "(Mr. Marin-Bosch, Mexico)", "partial testing.They continue their efforts and, in August 1993, significant progress was made during the consultations held by the President of the Amendment Conference in New York.The amendment of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty is believed to have other initiatives and clearly has advantages over other methods in some respects.Meanwhile, the Conference on Disarmament decided to negotiate a comprehensive test-ban treaty from January 1994.", "15.However, the road from the decision taken at the Conference to the negotiation of the Treaty is a difficult one.Last week in Geneva, differences emerged on how best to make use of the period between October and January.It is clear that some nuclear Powers want to move forward at a rather slow pace, while the majority of the members of the Conference prefer to move forward faster.The members of the Group of 21 even proposed that the Conference should set 1994 as the deadline for the conclusion of the Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty.", "16.As the Conference decided to begin negotiations in January, it was therefore important to translate that political agreement into a document.To this end, efforts must be made to find compromise formulas to speed up negotiations, and the members of the Conference must therefore immediately begin discussions on the two main aspects of the future Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, namely the scope of the ban and the verification system.However, rapid progress cannot be expected if negotiations or other nuclear tests are to continue to be delayed.", "17.The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons prohibits its non-nuclear-weapon parties from acquiring such weapons and thus from carrying out nuclear tests.However, several dozen countries have not yet acceded to the NPT.The question is whether these countries, as well as the rest of the international community, would accept the establishment of a kind of test quota system for each nuclear State before the entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.", "18.The five nuclear States declare their readiness to conclude a comprehensive treaty, but the reasons for this are not necessarily the same, in terms of their respective levels of development in this area.Nevertheless, all have appreciated to varying degrees the benefits of such a treaty on the strengthening of the horizontal non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.Some even consider it a step towards vertical non-proliferation, thus paving the way for nuclear disarmament.", "19.This is a fundamental issue.The five nuclear-weapon States are formally distinguished on the basis of the NPT and chronological considerations.But other considerations would lead to a different vision.For example, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have nuclear weapons but have never conducted tests;South Africa has owned six nuclear devices without testing, and now states that it has no more nuclear weapons;India, for its part, has had at least one; it is generally believed that Israel has nuclear weapons, as well as other countries.Nevertheless, the international community remains committed to the NPT and its", "(Mr. Marin-Bosch, Mexico)", "somewhat archaic definitions.The fact is that in the 1990s the distinction between nuclear-weapon and non-nuclear-weapon countries is increasingly blurred, as some nuclear-weapon countries import large quantities of plutonium for the needs of their already well-developed civil nuclear industry.These countries, as well as other highly industrialized countries, are \"potentially nuclear-weapon States\" because they can produce a nuclear device within a few months or even weeks.Then there is what is called \"limitary cases\", which have important nuclear programmes but are not parties to the NPT.Finally, there is the third category of non-NPT countries, which are provisionally nuclear-weapon States such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and South Africa.", "20.These are some of the issues that the NPT parties must address in the process of preparing for the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference.Another issue concerns what happened in Iraq, a country party to the NPT, and the reasons for that situation.The United Nations and IAEA inspectors have discovered an impressive amount of equipment that proves the existence of an ambitious nuclear programme in Iraq: it seems impossible for years, especially in the 1980s, such \"sensitive\" equipment to have been exported in such large quantities without any of the exporting States (all of which are parties to the NPT) having doubted that the Iraqis were preparing something.Another question arises about the consequences of the recent attitude of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on the future of the non-proliferation regime.", "21.The Convention on the Prohibition of the Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction seeks to address these rather confused situations relating to the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.After its entry into force, the Convention requires each State Party to declare whether it owns or holds chemical weapons, whether such weapons are in its territory, whether it has transferred or received them since 1 January 1946, and to report any chemical weapons manufacturing facilities that it has or has had in its territory.That is where the key to the uniformity of the Convention regime lies for all parties.As far as chemical weapons, but also biological weapons, there is nothing that reminds us of the \"caste society\" that exists in the nuclear field and that must disappear if a genuine, universal and equitable nuclear non-proliferation regime is to be established.Nuclear-weapon States (and some others) cannot continue to demand the right to observe the nuclear facilities of others, either unilaterally or through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) if the atmosphere of confidence or openness so often demanded of other countries with regard to other weapons and weapons systems is to be established.", "22.The international community in general and the five nuclear-weapon States in particular today have the opportunity to take a decisive step towards nuclear disarmament.The process of preparing for the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference is the ideal framework for the opening of a frank dialogue on the future nuclear non-proliferation regime.", "(Mr. Marin-Bosch, Mexico)", "23.The issue of the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in all its aspects and of ballistic missiles is becoming increasingly important.His delegation considered that it was time to ask the Geneva Conference to consider the subject in more depth and in a formal manner;This is also an issue that needs to be addressed by the various multilateral disarmament forums, including the Disarmament Commission.In this regard, the Secretary-General should prepare, with the assistance of a small group of governmental experts, a brief study on this issue of vital importance to the international community.His delegation intended to explore with other interested delegations the possibility of introducing a draft resolution to that effect.", "24.Mr. ZAHRAN (Egypt), speaking in his capacity as President of the Conference on Disarmament, introduced the annual report of the Conference on its work at the 1993 session (A/48/27).Unlike 1992, the report does not submit an international instrument to the General Assembly for its consideration, but the Conference has considered in very depth a number of substantive and organizational issues, thus making progress in addressing issues of vital importance to international peace and security.In this connection, on 10 August 1993, the Conference decided, inter alia, to give its ad hoc committee on a nuclear test ban a mandate to negotiate a comprehensive test ban and to take the necessary steps to conduct consultations during the period from 3 September 1993 to 17 January 1994 on the precise negotiating mandate and on the organization of such negotiations.Thus, for the first time since the conclusion of the Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water of 5 August 1963, the multilateral negotiating forum of the international community will negotiate a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty.This long-awaited goal of the international community now seems to be closer than ever.The forthcoming negotiation of an item to which the General Assembly has accorded the highest priority since the conclusion of the Partial Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty requires a political commitment that will require the necessary resources from the Secretariat to support those negotiations.", "25.With regard to the composition of the Conference, the Special Coordinator on Enlargement, as stated in paragraphs 13 and 14 of the annual report, had conducted extensive consultations before submitting his report.As stated in paragraph 15, many delegations of Member States and non-Member States made statements on the subject, but no conclusions were reached before the end of the annual session.The Chairman was therefore instructed to continue his consultations to reach consensus during the intersessional period.The Committee has started these consultations and intends to continue them until the opening of the 1994 session.While challenges remain, members are fully aware of the need to expand the membership of the multilateral disarmament negotiating forum.This common ground should facilitate the achievement of this objective.", "26.With regard to the methods of work of the Conference, informal consultations were held with open participation;The results of the consultations are summarized in paragraphs 19 and 20 of the annual report.The short report of the Conference provided to the present session of the Assembly", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "is the outcome of the discussion on the issue of improving and effective functioning of the Conference.", "27.The activities of the four ad hoc committees established by the Conference at the annual session 1993 should be highlighted.The Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban has made progress in addressing the various issues related to this agenda item, and has also considered aspects relating to the structure and scope of a future agreement and verification and compliance.It was recognized that a system of effective and internationally applicable verification was needed to ensure compliance with the future Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.For the first time in the history of the Conference, preliminary work was undertaken on non-seismic verification.It was widely recognized that the adoption of a decision to give the Ad Hoc Committee the power to negotiate would be a key turning point in multilateral action towards the conclusion of a comprehensive test-ban treaty.", "28.The Ad Hoc Committee on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space has considered various issues related to its future work and has also expressed its appreciation to the Chair's staff for organizing open-ended consultations on confidence-building measures, terminology and legal aspects related to the prevention of an arms race in outer space.There was broad convergence of views that the conclusion of one or more international agreements to prevent such an arms race remains the core task of the Committee and that the proposals on confidence-building measures could form an integral part of such agreements.It was recommended that the Conference on Disarmament should reconstitute the Ad Hoc Committee on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space at the beginning of its 1994 session with an appropriate mandate to continue substantive work on all matters before it.", "29.The Ad Hoc Committee to Negotiate Effective International Arrangements to assure Non-Nuclear Weapons States against the Use or Threat of Use of Nuclear Weapons, continuing its consideration of this important issue, stated that further efforts were needed, in the light of recent changes in the international political climate.Accordingly, there was agreement on the recommendation to re-establish the Ad Hoc Committee at the beginning of the 1994 session.", "30.In 1993, the Conference established the Ad Hoc Committee on Transparency in Arms for the first time.At its first session, the Committee considered a number of new issues, including an exchange of views on the substance of a number of complex issues related to the topic.It considered the issue of excessive and destabilizing accumulation of weapons, military holdings and procurement through national production, arms transfers and transfers of advanced technology with military applications, and weapons of mass destruction.The Committee had before it 18 working papers, several of which contained concrete proposals.Although agreement was not reached on these proposals, delegations shared the view that many of the elements contained in the proposals could serve as a starting point for work to promote confidence and confidence in the work of the Conference.", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "stability.The Ad Hoc Committee therefore recommended that it be reinstated at the beginning of the 1994 session of the Conference.", "31.The work of the Conference in 1993 continued on the positive path opened last year with the historic agreement on the Chemical Weapons Convention.New ideas and common ground have emerged since international cooperation replaced the cold war confrontations.The decision to start negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty is one of the most remarkable developments in the post-cold-war period.While negotiations would be difficult and a number of sensitive issues would have to be addressed, he was convinced that the Conference would discharge its heavy responsibilities as an international negotiating body on the disarmament issue.", "32.Mr. O'SULLIVAN (Australia) said that three significant events had taken place since the Committee ' s last meeting.First, the Chemical Weapons Convention was developed, opened for signature and received broad international support.The provisional technical secretariat established at that time was an example of multilateral cooperation worthy of mention;It is already operational, which bodes well for the effective implementation of the Treaty.Mr. O'Sullivan urged all signatory States to take the necessary measures to ensure the implementation of the provisions of the Convention as soon as possible.It also calls on non-signatory States to review their position so that the implementation of the complete prohibition on chemical weapons becomes universal.", "33.Secondly, the important decision taken by the Conference on Disarmament to begin negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty heralds the advent of a new and long-awaited period of international disarmament negotiations.The treaty will serve as a twofold objective: to prevent the production of new generations of nuclear weapons and to strengthen the nuclear non-proliferation regime.Australia is confident that much of the work on the treaty will be completed in time for the NPT Review Conference in April 1995.However, it is essential to work in parallel on the political, legal and verification aspects of the treaty, which are mutually reinforcing.Australia is ready to consider the possibility of spending more time on negotiations at the 1994 session of the Conference on Disarmament.Given the progress made towards the opening of negotiations on a treaty, China's recent decision to violate the de facto moratorium on nuclear testing that has been observed for over a year is quite regrettable.", "34.Australia hopes that nuclear-weapon States will give new unilateral assurances, in the form of a joint declaration or other binding declaration, that they will not use these weapons against countries that have made commitments to non-proliferation.With the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, such action would greatly facilitate the review and extension of the NPT.", "35.The extension of the NPT at the 1995 Review Conference is essential, if only because it will provide a solid legal basis for the", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "international cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.Australia, like many other countries, is in favour of an indefinite extension of the Treaty and will continue to participate actively in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference.", "36.The end of the cold war is both a challenge to the nuclear non-proliferation regime and an opportunity to strengthen it.Concerned about the proliferation of nuclear weapons in South Asia, Australia would like to see a more active dialogue on nuclear issues between India and Pakistan.Similarly, Ukraine and Kazakhstan should be encouraged to comply with their obligations under the Lisbon Protocol to the START I Agreement and to accede to the NPT as non-nuclear-weapon States, as was the case in Belarus.", "37.Australia also welcomes South Africa's cooperation with the IAEA since its accession to the NPT, and in particular its policy of full transparency regarding its nuclear activities.However, the persistence of Iraq and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in failing to comply with IAEA safeguards remains alarming.", "38.Australia fully supports the efforts undertaken since the Gulf War to enhance the effectiveness and transparency of the IAEA safeguards system, as well as the work of the Standing Advisory Group on the Application of Safeguards, and encourages other countries to do likewise.With regard to the last point, he stressed the importance of the effective implementation of safeguards agreements for the prevention of clandestine nuclear activities and the promotion of the Conference within the framework of the NPT-based non-proliferation regime.", "39.Strengthening nuclear export controls and nuclear supplier arrangements would be consistent with the NPT non-proliferation objectives.In addition, regional non-proliferation agreements such as the Treaties of Tlatelolco in Latin America and Rarotonga in the South Pacific complement the international non-proliferation regime based on the NPT.Measures to establish nuclear-weapon-free zones in other regions would not only help to forge a more positive attitude towards non-proliferation arrangements in those regions, but would also encourage regional support for the NPT in preparation for the 1995 Conference.", "40.Australia intends to participate in negotiations in the coming years to end the production of fissile material and to establish a multilateral and non-discriminatory system of control over the procurement of missile systems that involve the risk of destabilization, particularly those used as means of delivery of weapons of mass destruction.", "41.There has been a tendency to underestimate the threat to international security posed by the proliferation of biological weapons.Australia has long been concerned that the effectiveness of the only global instrument for the elimination of such weapons — the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction — is limited by the lack of mechanisms to verify that States are in compliance with their obligations under that instrument.It therefore welcomes the fact that the report of the", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "Ad Hoc Group of Governmental Experts concluded on the merits of the adoption of verification measures and provides a sound technical basis for the development of such measures.Australia supports the organization of a special conference to that effect, and suggests that other States parties do likewise by notifying one of the depositary countries without delay.", "42.The end of the cold war has given new effectiveness to the Commission ' s work on regional security;It has enabled the Commission to work towards arms control and to strengthen security and confidence in certain regions.Progress has been made in the Asia-Pacific region, with ASEAN countries taking the initiative to open a dialogue on security in the region by establishing the Association's Regional Forum.Australia has also participated in the work of the Working Group on Arms Control and Regional Security, organized under the auspices of the United States and Russia, and is following the issue with interest.", "43.With regard to transparency in the military field, including arms, he noted with satisfaction that many countries had already submitted to the Secretary-General the information requested under the Register of Conventional Arms.The Group intends to participate actively in the development of global transparency mechanisms and guidelines for arms procurement in the General Assembly and the Conference on Disarmament.The need for more effective regulation of the use of landmines will also need to be addressed in the near future, which requires a revision of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.", "44.In conclusion, he recalled that he had been asked to explore the possibility of expanding the Conference on Disarmament to enable it to carry out its tasks more effectively.Following numerous informal consultations, he proposed to the Conference a compromise solution, on which unfortunately members failed to reach agreement.He was convinced, however, that with the help of the President of the Conference, a solution could soon be found, which would win general approval.", "45.Mr. PIZARRO (Chile) said that, despite the end of the cold war, much remained to be done in the area of disarmament.His Government regretted that China had recently violated the voluntary moratorium on nuclear testing, leading other nuclear Powers to question their own commitments.", "46.Chile is particularly concerned about the extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.While recognizing the validity of its objectives, it continues to regard the Treaty as a discriminatory instrument, since, in its view, the increased proliferation of nuclear weapons is largely due to the unequal rights and obligations between nuclear-weapon States and non-nuclear-weapon States.The Government of Chile has, however, reconsidered its position on this issue, in the hope that the parties will be more flexible in their turn and allow observers to participate in the preparations for the 1995 Conference.We must take advantage of the", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "the opportunity offered by the current political climate to examine the nuclear non-proliferation regime without constraint.", "47.It is also a matter of concern that agreement on a possible expansion of the Conference on Disarmament is not reached.He urged interested parties to intensify their consultations in order to overcome the remaining difficulties in the proposal by the representative of Australia, a proposal that Chile considered a viable option.", "48.As the fiftieth anniversary of the United Nations approaches, it is important to meet the challenge and act as a catalyst in the field of international peace and security.His delegation therefore supported the proposals to streamline the Commission ' s activities and to review its agenda.The Commission's objective should be to establish more binding rules that genuinely strengthen international peace and security.", "49.Latin America and the Caribbean fully support the cause of disarmament, as demonstrated by the political determination of Argentina, Brazil and Chile to ensure the implementation of the Treaty of Ttatelolco, as well as agreements on nuclear issues between Argentina and Brazil, agreements whose scope is beyond that of comparable instruments.", "50.With regard to the Chemical Weapons Convention, the final declaration of a regional seminar recently held in Santiago stressed, inter alia, the need to ensure the universal applicability of the Convention and the effective and balanced functioning of its verification regime.The Mendoza Agreement on the total prohibition of chemical and biological weapons is also already receiving broad regional support.In Chile, the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Environmental Modification Techniques for Military or Other Hostile Purposes (ENMOD) is currently being considered by the Chamber of Deputies for ratification.", "51.He was encouraged by the large number of replies to the Register of Conventional Arms received by the Centre for Disarmament Affairs.It is essential to improve the Register so that it can be truly used to build confidence at the bilateral, regional and global levels.To this end, the Government of Chile has reported not only its arms transfers but also its stockpiles;It also expressed its intention to participate in future meetings of governmental experts on this subject.", "52.Disarmament problems have not lost their urgency and their role in international security is more evident than ever.The Government of Chile is concerned about the availability of the Centre for Disarmament Affairs with the human and material resources necessary to meet its needs.", "53.Since the emergence of the new international order, the security problem has become a new issue;It is no longer possible to address the issue in a traditional way, as security in many parts of the world is now linked to poverty.He therefore asked the Committee to bear in mind the following four points:", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "First, the security of persons is now as important, if not more important, than the security of the State;Second, security concerns in a country, region or geographical area may, across borders, undermine the stability of neighbouring countries, regions or areas;Third, economic, social, environmental and other problems are security problems in the contemporary sense of the term;Fourthly, the end of the cold war has allowed us to return to ideas, such as those of the \"zones of peace\", which the ideological confrontation had made impracticable.There has been ample evidence in Latin America that these areas are a good way to promote cooperation and understanding and to reduce possible military tensions.", "54.Disarmament must be a global process that, with due regard to the characteristics of each region, should lead to a significant improvement in the living conditions of the people of developing countries.He believed that those were goals for which the United Nations provided a very specific framework, which was enshrined in its Charter.It is therefore imperative to seize the unique opportunity provided by the current political environment to make significant progress towards disarmament, international peace and security for the benefit of future generations.", "55.Mr. MROZIEWICZ (Poland) said that, since 1989, the international scene had undergone profound upheavals that had changed the very nature of international security.While, since the end of the cold war, some sources of instability and regional conflicts have disappeared and new opportunities for resolving long-standing disputes have emerged, new conflicts, once larved, have erupted, fuelled by an upsurge in nationalism and even xenophobia.For decades, international security has depended on the balance of military forces;Now that it is primarily a political balance, the role of the Security Council and regional organizations has become new.", "56.Poland maintains good relations with its neighbours, in particular with the Visegrad Group and the Baltic States.It also seeks to strengthen its ties with countries in Western Europe, the United States and Canada.In the field of foreign policy, it is primarily aimed at integrating into NATO and the European Community.", "57.Europe must now establish a system that ensures equal security for all countries in the region.The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) could serve as a framework for dispute resolution and conflict prevention.If necessary, it could call for the intervention of interested military alliances, which would thus play a dual role, namely, alliances within the meaning of Article 52 of the Charter of the United Nations and institutions with pan-European responsibilities, a role to which Poland attaches particular importance.", "58.The NPT is one of the pillars of international security and should be extended for an unlimited period at the 1995 Review Conference.This conference will be all the more effective as it will have been prepared by constructive negotiations on the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva.The Commission has been able to draw up a report on the implementation of the", "(Mr. Mroziewicz, Poland)", "Poland, with the support of the Group of Eastern European Countries, which has never been entrusted with the chairmanship of a conference to review the NPT, intends to propose a candidate for the seat of President of the 1995 Conference.", "59.The proliferation of materials and technology necessary for the production of weapons of mass destruction and their clandestine sale to areas of larceny pose increased risks to international peace and security.The issue should therefore continue to receive priority attention.", "60.Welcoming the signing of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction by some 150 States, he stressed the urgent need to ensure that the Convention entered into force and that the signatory States cooperated with the Preparatory Commission for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.Poland will join forces with the Netherlands and Canada in introducing a draft resolution on the subject.", "61.Poland welcomes the establishment of an ad hoc committee on transparency in armaments within the Conference on Disarmament.The Regional Workshop organized in early 1993 in Poland by the United Nations Centre for Disarmament Affairs facilitated the participation of States in the region in the activities related to the Register of Conventional Arms, to which Poland attaches great importance.", "62.New realities and priorities in the field of disarmament require a re-engineering of disarmament mechanisms, including the rationalization of the First Committee ' s programme of work and its working methods, which will reduce the number of its resolutions and enhance their credibility.He welcomed the decision of the Conference on Disarmament to focus its work on only four issues in 1993 and to establish the corresponding subsidiary bodies promptly, but regretted that its members had not reached consensus on the crucial issue of its enlargement.It is essential to find a compromise solution that takes into account the different aspirations of States to become members of the Conference, without compromising its negotiating power.", "63.Mr. CISSE (Senegal) said that the optimism created by the positive changes in the international context and the growing commitment of the United Nations to peace efforts was tempered by concern over the resurgence of armed conflicts.Only general and complete disarmament will allow multilateral cooperation and, consequently, economic and social development, which are necessary to prevent such conflicts.", "64.Senegal is therefore encouraged by the significant progress made in the disarmament process in 1993, including the signing of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and hopes that the necessary formalities for its entry into force will soon be completed and that a process of total elimination of a category of weapons of mass destruction will begin for the first time in the history of mankind.", "(Mr. Cissé, Senegal)", "65.Senegal also welcomed the signing by the United States and the Russian Federation of the START II Treaty in 1993, and hoped that the remaining obstacles to the ratification of the Lisbon Protocol would be overcome without delay.", "66.He noted with concern that many procedural and other issues concerning the 1995 Review Conference had not been resolved and drew attention, in particular, to the issue of the presidency of the Conference, indicating that his delegation supported the candidature of His Excellency Mr. Dhampala from the Non-Aligned Movement.", "67.As a non-nuclear-weapon State, Senegal particularly welcomes the recent decision to entrust the Disarmament Commission with negotiating a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty, and expresses its readiness to contribute actively to this important project.", "68.At the regional level, Senegal welcomed the announcement made by South Africa concerning the dismantling of its nuclear weapons.He stressed that the inventory of nuclear material produced following the dismantling must be notified urgently to the IAEA and that such equipment must be placed for full control or transferred out of Africa in order to ensure the denuclearization of the African continent.", "69.With regard to the Asian region, his delegation welcomed the joint statement made by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the United States concerning their efforts to achieve a denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, as well as the decision of the former to suspend its withdrawal from the NPT and to continue negotiations with the IAEA.", "70.Despite the progress made in reducing and controlling certain categories of weapons of mass destruction, the increasing strengthening of conventional arms arsenals in some vulnerable regions of the world continues to pose threats to the precarious political, economic and social balance.He therefore welcomed the establishment of a Register of Conventional Arms and hoped that the ongoing discussions would lead to greater transparency in that area.", "71.The efforts of the United Nations to promote disarmament and arms regulation will be successful only with the support of all Member States, including the major Powers with terrifying military arsenals.Building a world of peace and security also requires combating hunger, poverty and disease, which, if not guarded, could seriously undermine international peace and security more than military arsenals.", "72.Mr. PERRI (Brazil) said that, despite the positive developments in the post-cold-war period, such as the recent agreement between Israel and Palestine and the dismantling of apartheid, new conflicts had emerged and others, older, had resurfaced, making the maintenance of international peace and security more complex than expected at the end of an era marked by ideological confrontations.Preventive diplomacy must therefore be given special importance, as peace-building through the promotion of peace and security through the promotion of peace and security.", "(Mr. Perri, Brazil)", "a just and equitable international order is the best diplomacy in a world where political, military and economic imbalances persist.", "73.As the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Brazil emphasized in his address to the General Assembly, the international community's agenda remains structured around democracy, development and disarmament, with their implications for human rights, the environment and international security, all of which constitute the foundations for peace in the new international order that the United Nations is striving to establish.", "74.With regard to recent encouraging initiatives, he welcomed the signing of START II and the intention of the United States to ban the production of fissile material.The more peaceful environment has provided the opportunity to reduce military budgets and convert the arms industries for civilian purposes.Brazil hoped that the resources made available in the process would stimulate economic and social development, particularly in the interest of the developing world, and welcomed in that regard the proposal to entrust UNCTAD with coordinating the establishment of a United Nations ad hoc interdepartmental group on conversion.", "75.At the multilateral level, he noted with satisfaction the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention by 150 countries and urged other countries to involve him in that process.It also welcomes the progress made in the areas of biological weapons verification, conventional arms control and the prohibition of nuclear testing.It urges the nuclear States not to resume testing and to continue their efforts to reach the conclusion of a multilateral comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty, the implementation of which can be verified by the international community, especially since the cessation of nuclear testing is crucial to halt vertical proliferation and progress towards horizontal non-proliferation may be compromised if vertical proliferation is not halted.", "76.He hoped that negotiations on the expansion of the Conference on Disarmament would succeed, thus responding to the need to further democratize it, without undermining its effectiveness.", "77.Mr. Perri said that, at its next session, the Conference on Disarmament would have to complete its work on the other items on its agenda and drew attention to the special interest of Brazil in promoting dialogue on the issue of science and technology, convinced that consensus between supplier and recipient countries on the proposed guidelines and recommendations would be of crucial importance for strengthening international security and promoting economic and social development.The determination of the international community to ensure the use and transfer of advanced technology for exclusively peaceful purposes would contribute to a more peaceful and prosperous international order.", "(Mr. Perri, Brazil)", "78.He welcomed the significant progress made in the field of disarmament by United Nations bodies such as the Office (now the Centre) for Disarmament Affairs, the regional disarmament centres, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters.Nevertheless, the maintenance of nuclear sterns continues to pose a threat to peace and security.In this regard, Mr Perri expresses his concern at the precarious situation in certain parts of the former USSR, where strategic nuclear weapons are found.", "79.Following the adoption of various international instruments by Brazil and other countries in the region, Latin America is about to become a region where nuclear weapons will be definitively banned.He hoped that the Treaty of Tlatelolco, recently approved by the Brazilian Government, would be adopted by other countries in the region and implemented in all its provisions before the end of 1993.", "The meeting rose at 1.10 p.m." ]	"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"
"is5qfNuO/XoEPg2JyviaNVP8tIPyiIEx2hrz2OO8maY="	en	es	[ "[]", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "3rd meeting", "held on", "Monday, 18 October 1993", "at 10 a.m.", "New York", "SUMMARY RECORD OF THE 3rd MEETING", "Chairman: Mr. von WAGNER (Germany)", "CONTENTS", "STATEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN", "STATEMENT BY THE UNDER-SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS", "GENERAL DEBATE ON ALL DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AGENDA ITEMS", "The meeting was called to order at 10.20 a.m.", "STATEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN", "1. The CHAIRMAN said that the \"disarmament agenda\" of previous sessions would remain crucial in relation to many pressing questions. The remarkable political developments of the recent past would help the Committee move towards consensus on hitherto untractable issues. The Committee should endeavour to merge resolutions which dealt with the same topic whenever political changes offered an opportunity to do so. The delegations involved needed to display sufficient flexibility and political will to compromise. The Committee might also wish to cluster the traditional topics of its work and the respective resolutions under so-called \"head items\". Delegations should also consider whether their resolutions still corresponded to the changed political climate after the end of the East-West confrontation.", "2. The Committee might do well to narrow its focus with regard to the traditional disarmament agenda and, at the same time, widen it to comprise broader issues of peace and security. In view of the changes that had been taking place in the world, and the troubling new trends which threatened peace and security, the Committee should consider whether the arms control agenda comprehensively reflected its responsibilities and whether streamlining and rationalization were the only means to revitalize its work. Fewer resolutions on disarmament might signal a decline in the Committee's importance if such reduction was not accompanied by the opening up of other avenues for meaningful political activities. The Committee would not be giving the right signal to Governments, the public and public opinion makers if it simply reduced its workload at a time when military conflicts were flaring and means to prevent or contain them were desperately being sought.", "3. The Committee's new name seemed to imply that the Committee was not intended to be a forum that focused exclusively on arms control questions. The Secretary-General had suggested that there was a need for the practical integration of disarmament and arms regulation issues into the broader structure of the international peace and security agenda. At the same time, however, the Committee had to keep in mind the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations which circumscribed the scope for action by the General Assembly and its committees. However, notwithstanding Article 12 of the Charter, the Committee could, within the framework of its general responsibilities, make recommendations with regard to a dispute or situation which was not before the Security Council. The Committee could also formulate recommendations, guidelines or general principles relating to international peace and security with a view to promoting a deeper understanding of the concepts of preventive diplomacy, confidence-building and post-conflict peace‑preserving measures. By putting the traditional disarmament agenda into the broader context of security concerns, emerging conflicts and risks to peace, the Committee might be in a better position to narrow it down to those items which were of paramount interest.", "STATEMENT BY THE UNDER-SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS", "4. Mr. GOULDING (Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs) recalled that in his report entitled \"New dimensions of arms regulation and disarmament in the post-cold war era\" (A/C.1/47/7), the Secretary-General had argued that disarmament should be integrated into the broader structure of international peace and security rather than be pursued in isolation. There were considerable opportunities for progress in the field of disarmament. The 1995 Conference of the States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) provided an important opportunity for an internationally agreed response to the concerns about the danger of proliferation of nuclear weapons. His Department had redeployed staff to provide the necessary input for the successful preparation of the Conference.", "5. The decision by the Conference on Disarmament to give its Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban a mandate to begin substantive negotiations for a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty at the beginning of 1994 showed that a new commitment was being made to realize that long-standing objective, especially on the part of the nuclear-weapon States. The successful completion of the negotiations on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction was an example of the work that could be done by the Conference on Disarmament with the participation of all sectors of the international community. That Convention would be the first multilateral instrument with comprehensive provisions for implementation which would apply equally to all parties. New commitments to negotiate a workable verification system for the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction were also important, as had been recognized at the Third Review Conference.", "6. There were signs of a new level of seriousness in tackling the difficult problems of the post-cold-war world. Solid work for cooperation and confidence‑building had been undertaken in a number of regions; the strengthening of regional cooperation systems to include security issues provided a form of preventive diplomacy based on transparency. The Committee had an important role in encouraging those processes.", "7. The proliferation of conventional weapons was one of the most ghastly legacies of the cold war. In his previous capacity as Under-Secretary-General for Peace-keeping Operations, he had been vividly aware of the extent to which conflict control and resolution in many parts of the world were complicated by the vast quantities of weapons which had been injected into those areas over the past two decades. Concerted action, primarily by Governments in their own territories, was needed to mop up the huge quantities of weapons which were in the hands of political groups or private individuals. The establishment of the new United Nations Register of Conventional Arms was an important step in creating greater openness and transparency in military matters. The indiscriminate use of landmines was another issue which required the urgent and decisive attention of the international community.", "8. In order to respond to these opportunities and challenges, the Secretary-General had decided to rename the Office for Disarmament Affairs the \"Centre for", "(Mr. Goulding)", "Disarmament Affairs\" and to keep it in New York as an integral part of the Department of Political Affairs. With the agreement of the General Assembly, the staff would be brought back to its earlier strength with the proposed addition of three posts, primarily in connection with the work on the Register of Conventional Arms. The Secretary-General had instructed the Office to consider how confidence-building measures, verification and other techniques which had been developed and tested in the field of arms control and disarmament could be further developed and used as instruments of preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and post-conflict peace-building, with the consent of the Governments concerned. In that connection, the Centre had an advantage in that quite a few staff members had served in peace-keeping missions in recent months, bringing valuable experience from the field.", "9. The Conference on Disarmament remained the principal forum for the negotiation of international agreements on arms control and disarmament. In view of the resignation of Mr. Bérasatégui, Secretary-General of the Conference, the Secretary-General had appointed Mr. Vladimir Petrovsky, Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva, to be the Secretary-General of the Conference and to act as his Personal Representative to it, on an interim basis, with effect from 5 December 1993. Mr. Petrovsky would carry out those functions concurrently with his functions as Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva.", "10. The work of the Centre's three regional centres was currently being re‑examined in the light of the new opportunities for progress on a regional basis. The role of the centres might have to be redefined to ensure that their activities had an impact in the regions they served and formed an effective part of the Secretariat's response to the opportunities and challenges it faced.", "GENERAL DEBATE ON ALL DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AGENDA ITEMS", "11. Mr. MARIN-BOSCH (Mexico) said that for some time, the Conference on Disarmament had been feeling the impact of the rapid changes in the international situation; for the second consecutive year, its report to the General Assembly contained concrete results. The decision to undertake the long‑postponed negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear test ban would be a turning-point in the international community's efforts to stop and reverse nuclear proliferation in all its aspects. That decision had been possible, in large part, because of the change in position of the new United States Administration with regard to a comprehensive nuclear test ban. Unfortunately, it had not been possible to reach agreement on enlarging the composition of the Conference in 1993 because of a solitary negative voice. It was to be hoped that the country concerned would reconsider its position.", "12. Washington and Moscow were beginning to reverse the nuclear‑arms race, with the signing of the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START), the Lisbon Protocol and the START II Treaty. Just as the nuclear-arms race had a dynamic of its own, promoted by the interests of the military and industrial complexes, the process of reducing those arsenals had its own dynamic which would demand ever larger reductions of nuclear weapons.", "(Mr. Marin‑Bosch, Mexico)", "However, in 10 years, when the provisions of the START treaties were fully implemented, the strategic nuclear arsenals of the United States of America and Russia would still be larger than those of the late 1960s when the Non‑Proliferation Treaty had been signed. Moreover, the world was flooded with tens of thousands of nuclear weapons and the international community had yet to agree on a clearly defined path with regard to those weapons of mass destruction.", "13. Where nuclear testing was concerned, it had been possible to hope that the nuclear-weapon States would show restraint, thus benefiting the forthcoming negotiations on the subject. However, on 5 October 1993, China had broken the de facto test moratorium, and in the capitals of other nuclear-weapon States the debate had been reopened regarding the continuation of nuclear testing. That would have negative repercussions on the Geneva Conference on Disarmament. The resumption of testing had already had immediate political consequences, and could affect directly the dialogue on nuclear non-proliferation. The nuclear-weapon States would have little authority to demand from others what they themselves were unwilling to do, and to conduct a few tests, small or very large, before closing the door definitively to others did not seem a very serious pattern of behaviour. The question arose of whether the nuclear-weapon States enjoyed special privileges. As NPT Parties, the five had undertaken to continue negotiations \"to seek to achieve the discontinuation of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time\", as the text of the Partial Test-Ban Treaty (PTBT) put it. Moreover, article VI of the NPT stated that each of the Parties to the Treaty undertook to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear‑arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, and a comprehensive test ban was the key to that \"cessation of the nuclear arms race\".", "14. Thirty years ago Mexico, like other members of the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament (ENDC), had pointed out that the PTBT represented a \"first step\" towards the complete prohibition of nuclear tests and towards general and complete disarmament under effective international control, while on signing the PTBT, the United States Secretary of State had stated that history would eventually record how the world dealt with the unfinished business of peace. Over three long decades the \"business of peace\" had remained unfinished. It was true that in the 1970s there had been attempts to negotiate a Comprehensive Test‑Ban Treaty (CTBT), but that opportunity, and others, had been squandered. Hence the initiative taken by several countries, including his own, to seek a comprehensive test ban by amending the PTBT. That process continued, and in August 1993 important advances had been achieved during the consultations held in New York by the President of the Amendment Conference. It had been agreed that the PTBT amendment process complemented other efforts and offered obvious advantages in certain areas over other approaches. In the meantime the Conference on Disarmament had decided to negotiate a CTBT beginning in January of 1994.", "15. But the road between the Conference's decision and the CTBT negotiation itself was proving somewhat difficult. During the past week, differences had begun to emerge in Geneva as to how best to utilize the time between October and", "(Mr. Marin‑Bosch, Mexico)", "January. Obviously some nuclear Powers wanted a rather slow pace, whereas the majority of the Conference members preferred a faster one. The members of the Group of 21 had even suggested that the Conference set 1994 as the target date for the conclusion of a CTBT.", "16. Given the Conference's decision to undertake negotiations in January, it was obviously important to translate that political agreement at once into one on paper. To that end, an effort must be made to find compromise formulas ensuring an expeditious negotiation, and members of the Conference should therefore begin at once the discussion of the two main aspects of the future CTBT: the scope of the prohibition and its verification system. However, rapid enough progress would certainly not be made if there was insistence on delaying the negotiations or conducting more nuclear tests.", "17. The NPT prohibited its non-nuclear-weapon Parties from acquiring nuclear weapons and therefore from carrying out nuclear tests. But several dozen countries had not yet adhered to the NPT. Would they and the rest of the international community accept the establishment of a kind of testing quota for each of the nuclear-weapon States before the CTBT's entry into force?", "18. The five nuclear-weapon States had said that they were ready to conclude a CTBT. But their motives were not necessarily identical, because of the different levels of nuclear development involved. Nevertheless, all appreciated, to varying degrees, the advantages that a CTBT would have in strengthening the horizontal non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Some even saw it as a step to ensure vertical non-proliferation, and thus as paving the way towards nuclear disarmament.", "19. That point opened up an area of fundamental importance. To speak of the five nuclear-weapon States was to make a formal distinction, based on the NPT and on a merely chronological consideration. But other considerations led to a different approach. For example, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine had nuclear weapons but had never tested; South Africa had had six devices without testing them and now said that it no longer had them; India had had at least one; it was generally assumed that Israel had nuclear weapons, while it was believed that there were other countries that also had them. Nevertheless, the international community remained attached to the NPT and its somewhat archaic definitions. The fact was that, in the 1990s, of the lines between nuclear-weapon States and some non-nuclear‑weapon States were becoming blurred, with some of the latter importing large quantities of plutonium for their advanced civilian nuclear industry. Those and other highly industrialized countries were \"potential nuclear-weapon States\", since they could produce a nuclear device in a matter of months or weeks. Then there were the so-called nuclear \"threshold States\", countries that had significant nuclear programmes but were not parties to the NPT. And now there was a third category of non-NPT countries, the \"temporary nuclear-weapon States\" including Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and South Africa.", "20. The foregoing were some of the questions which the NPT Parties should examine during the preparatory process of the 1995 Review and Extension Conference. Another question was what had happened in Iraq, a party to the NPT, and why. United Nations and IAEA inspectors had found an impressive amount of", "(Mr. Marin‑Bosch, Mexico)", "material in Iraq betraying an ambitious nuclear programme: it seemed impossible that for years, especially in the 1980s, so-called \"sensitive\" material had been exported in such quantities without any of the exporting States (all of them NPT Parties) suspecting that the Iraqis were building something? The question also arose of the impact on the future of the NPT non-proliferation regime of the recent case of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.", "21. The Chemical Weapons Convention attempted to remedy those rather confusing situations regarding the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The Convention required each Party to declare, once it entered into force, whether it possessed chemical weapons, whether there were such weapons on its territory, whether it had transferred or received them since 1 January 1946, and whether there were or had been chemical weapon facilities on its territory. Therein lay the key to the CWC's uniform regime for all parties. In relation to chemical, and also biological, weapons, there was nothing resembling the \"caste society\" that existed in the nuclear field, and there, too, have to disappear if a genuine, universal and equitable nuclear non-proliferation regime was to be built. Nuclear-weapon States (and some others) could not continue to demand a right to observe others' nuclear installations, whether unilaterally or through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). That was certainly not conducive to the climate of confidence or openness so often required of other countries with regard to other weapons and weapons systems.", "22. The international community in general and the five nuclear-weapon States in particular now had an opportunity to move forward decisively in the field of nuclear disarmament. The preparatory process of the 1995 NPT review and extension conference offered the best vehicle to undertake a frank dialogue on the future nuclear non-proliferation regime.", "23. The question of the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in all its aspects and of ballistic missiles was gaining increasing importance. His delegation believed that the time had come to request the Geneva Conference to undertake a more intense and formal examination of that subject, and that it merited consideration in the different multilateral disarmament forums, including the United Nations Disarmament Commission. The Secretary-General should prepare, with the help of a small group of governmental experts, a brief study on the question, which was of vital importance to the international community. His delegation intended to explore with other interested delegations the possibility of submitting a draft resolution in that regard.", "24. Mr. ZAHRAN (Egypt), speaking as President of the Conference on Disarmament, introduced the annual report of the Conference on its work during the 1993 session (A/48/27). The current report did not, as had been the case in 1992, transmit an international instrument for consideration by the General Assembly, but the Conference had, however, worked very hard on a number of substantive and organizational matters, thus advancing its consideration of issues of vital importance for international peace and security. In particular, on 10 August 1993 the Conference had decided, inter alia, to give its Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban a mandate to negotiate a CTB, with consultations being held between 3 September 1993 and 17 January 1994 on the specific mandate for, and organization of, the negotiations. Thus, for the first time since the", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water of 5 August 1963, the multilateral negotiating forum of the international community was proceeding to the negotiation of a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty. That long-sought objective of the international community seemed now to be closer than ever before. The forthcoming negotiation on an item to which the General Assembly had assigned the highest priority since the conclusion of the PTBT implied a political commitment which would require the necessary Secretariat resources to ensure that the negotiations received support.", "25. With regard to the composition of the Conference, the Special Coordinator for membership had conducted detailed consultations before submitting his report, which appeared in paragraphs 13 and 14 of the annual report. As noted in paragraph 15, many members and non‑members had made statements on the subject, but no conclusion had been reached before the end of the annual session. The President had accordingly been mandated to continue consultations to achieve consensus during the intersessional period. He had started those consultations, and intended to continue them until the beginning of the 1994 session. While difficulties remained, members were fully conscious of the need to expand the multilateral disarmament negotiating forum. That common ground would be helpful in achieving the expansion of the Conference.", "26. With respect to the Conference's methods of work, informal open‑ended consultations had been held, and the discussions and their results were reflected in paragraphs 19 and 20 of the annual report. The shorter report the Conference was submitting to the Assembly's current session was the result of the review undertaken on its improved and effective functioning.", "27. The activities of the four ad hoc committees set up by the Conference during the 1993 annual session deserved to be highlighted. The Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban had made progress in its consideration of various issues of importance to the agenda item, and had also reviewed aspects relating to structure and scope, as well as verification and compliance. There had been general recognition that in order to ensure compliance with a future CTBT, an effective internationally applicable verification system would be required. Preliminary work had also been started, for the first time in the history of the Conference, on non-seismic means of verification. It was widely recognized in the Conference that the adoption of a decision to give the Ad Hoc Committee a negotiating mandate was a major turning‑point for multilateral work towards a CTBT.", "28. The Ad Hoc Committee on Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space had considered various areas relating to its future work, and had also expressed its appreciation of the organization by the Friends of the Chairman of open-ended consultations on the issues of CBMs, terminology and legal aspects related to the prevention of an arms race in outer space. There had been wide agreement that the conclusion of an international agreement or agreements to prevent such an arms race remained the Committee's fundamental task and that the proposals on CBMs could form an integral part of those agreements. It had been recommended that at the beginning of the 1994 session, the Conference on Disarmament re‑establish the Ad Hoc Committee on Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space with an appropriate mandate to continue substantive work on all the issues before it.", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "29. The Ad Hoc Committee on Effective International Arrangements to Assure Non‑Nuclear-Weapon States against the Use or Threat of Use of Nuclear Weapons, continuing its review of that important subject, had expressed the view that there was a need to step up efforts in the light of recent transformations in the international political climate. Accordingly, it had agreed to recommend that the Ad Hoc Committee should be re‑established at the beginning of the 1994 session.", "30. In 1993, the Conference had for the first time established the Ad Hoc Committee on Transparency in Armaments. At its first session, the Committee had covered a great amount of new ground, including a substantive exchange of views on a number of complex issues surrounding that subject. It had discussed excessive and destabilizing accumulation of arms, military holdings and procurement through national production, and arms transfers and transfers of high technology with military applications, as well as weapons of mass destruction. Eighteen working papers had been submitted to it, several of them containing concrete proposals. Although agreement had not been reached on them, delegations had concurred that many of the issues they dealt with worked to promote trust, confidence-building and stability. The Ad Hoc committee had therefore recommended that it be re‑established at the beginning of the 1994 session of the Conference.", "31. The work of the Conference in 1993 had continued a positive trend which had started the year before with the landmark agreement on the convention prohibiting all chemical weapons. New ideas and common ground were emerging as international cooperation replaced the confrontations of the Cold War. The decision to begin negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty was one of the outstanding developments in the post-Cold War period. While the negotiations would certainly not be easy and a number of sensitive questions would have to be addressed, he was confident that the Conference would be able to discharge its heavy responsibilities as the international disarmament negotiating body of the international community.", "32. Mr. O'SULLIVAN (Australia) said that three significant events had taken place since the Committee had last met. First, the Convention on Chemical Weapons had been completed, opened for signature and had attracted widespread international support. The Provisional Technical Secretariat set up in that connection was a fine example of multilateral cooperation; its activities were already well under way, which augured well for the effective implementation of the Treaty. He urged all signatory States to take the necessary steps so as to ensure the earliest possible implementation of the Convention. Likewise, he appealed to non‑signatory States to reconsider their position with a view to ensuring the universal application of the global ban on chemical weapons.", "33. Second, the important decision by the Conference on Disarmament to commence negotiations on a CTBT heralded a new and long-awaited era in international disarmament negotiations. The Treaty would serve the dual purpose of inhibiting the production of new generations of nuclear weapons as well as enhancing the nuclear non-proliferation regime. Australia was confident that the bulk of the work on the Treaty could be completed in time for the NPT review conference in April 1995. However, it was important that work on the political, legal and", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "verification aspects of the Treaty should proceed in parallel and should be mutually reinforcing. Australia was willing to consider the possibility of allowing additional time for negotiations at the 1994 session of the Conference on Disarmament. In view of the progress made towards the start of negotiations on a treaty, the recent decision of China to violate the de facto moratorium on nuclear testing which had been observed for more than a year was indeed regrettable.", "34. Australia hoped for greater unilateral assurances of security in the form of a joint declaration or other binding statement by States which had retained nuclear weapons that they would not use them against countries which had undertaken a commitment to non-proliferation. Together with the CTBT, such action would greatly facilitate the review and extension of NPT.", "35. The extension of the NPT at the 1995 Review Conference was essential not least to provide a secure legal basis for international cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Australia, like many other countries, was in favour of the indefinite extension of the Treaty and would continue to participate actively in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference.", "36. The end of the cold war era had provided both challenges to the nuclear non-proliferation regime and opportunities to strengthen it. Anxious about the proliferation of nuclear weapons in South Asia, his country would welcome a more active dialogue on nuclear matters between India and Pakistan. Likewise, Ukraine and Kazakhstan should be encouraged to fulfil their obligations under the Lisbon Protocol to START I and accede to the NPT as non-nuclear‑weapon States, following the example of Belarus.", "37. Australia also welcomed South Africa's cooperation with IAEA since its accession to NPT, and in particular its policy of full transparency regarding its nuclear activities. However, the continued failure of Iraq and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to comply with the IAEA safeguard obligations remained a matter of deep concern.", "38. Australia fully supported efforts undertaken since the Gulf War to strengthen the effectiveness and transparency of the IAEA safeguards system, as well as the work of the Standing Advisory Group on Safeguards Implementation (SAGSI), and encouraged other countries to do likewise. With regard to the latter, he stressed the importance of the effective implementation of safeguards agreements for the prevention of clandestine nuclear activities and the promotion of confidence in the NPT-based non-proliferation regime.", "39. The tightening of nuclear-use export controls and strengthening of nuclear supplier arrangements would also underscore the non-proliferation objectives of the NPT. Furthermore, regional non-proliferation arrangements such as the treaties of Tlatelolco in Latin America and Rarotonga in the South Pacific complemented the international non-proliferation regime based on the NPT. Steps towards the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones in the other regions would not only forge a more positive attitude towards non-proliferation arrangements in those regions but also encourage regional support for the NPT in the lead-up to the 1995 conference.", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "40. Australia looked forward to participating in the coming years in negotiations for an end to the production of fissionable material and for multilateral non-discriminatory controls on the purchase of destabilizing missile systems, particularly those used for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction.", "41. The risk posed by the proliferation of biological weapons had tended to be underestimated as a potential threat to international security. Australia had long been concerned that the effectiveness of the only global instrument for the abolition of such weapons - the Biological Weapons Convention - was limited by the absence of mechanisms to verify compliance with the obligations under the Convention. It therefore welcomed the report of the Ad Hoc Group of Governmental Experts which concluded that verification measures would enhance the effective implementation of the Convention, and also provided a sound technical basis for developing the verification mechanism required. In that connection Australia supported the convening of a special conference for that purpose, and suggested that other States parties should do likewise by notifying one of the depositary countries without delay.", "42. Since the end of the cold war, the Committee had been able to address more effectively the issue of regional security, as well as to encourage arms control and security and confidence-building measures in particular regions. Progress had been made in his region with the ASEAN countries taking a leading role in establishing a dialogue on security in the wider Asia Pacific region by setting up the ASEAN Regional Forum. Australia had also participated in the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group co-sponsored by the United States of America and Russia, and looked forward to further developments in that area.", "43. As to military transparency particularly in regard to armaments, he noted with satisfaction that many countries had already sent their replies to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms. He looked forward to participating actively during the General Assembly and the Conference on Disarmament in the future development of global transparency mechanisms and arms acquisition guidelines. Another important matter which must be addressed in the near future was the need for more effective rules governing the use of land mines which called for a review of the Convention on Inhumane Weapons.", "44. In conclusion, he recalled that he had been entrusted with the task of looking into how to expand the Conference on Disarmament so that it could perform its duties more effectively. Following extensive informal consultations, he had proposed to the Conference a compromise solution on which it had regrettably been unable to reach agreement. None the less, he was confident that, with the assistance of the President of the Conference, a solution could be found which would meet with general approval.", "45. Mr. PIZARRO (Chile) said that despite the end of the cold war, important work still had to be done in the field of disarmament. His Government deplored the recent violation by China of the voluntary moratorium on nuclear testing, which had prompted the other nuclear Powers to reconsider their commitments in that respect.", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "46. One matter of particular concern was the extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. While Chile endorsed the purpose of the Treaty, it continued to view it as a discriminatory instrument, believing that the inequality of rights and obligations between nuclear-weapon States and non‑nuclear‑weapon States had largely been responsible for the greater proliferation of such weapons. None the less the Chilean Government had reconsidered its position on the NPT in the hope that the parties would also be more flexible and allow the participation of observers in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference. It was important to take advantage of the opportunity afforded by the current political climate for the unrestricted discussion of the nuclear non-proliferation regime.", "47. A further cause for concern was the lack of agreement on the question of expanding the Conference on Disarmament. He urged the parties concerned to intensify their consultations with a view to resolving the remaining difficulties regarding the proposal by the representative of Australia, which his country regarded as a viable alternative.", "48. As it approached its fiftieth anniversary, the United Nations must take up the challenge of becoming a true catalyst of international peace and security. In that connection, he endorsed the proposals for rationalizing the work and revising the agenda of the Committee. The aim should be for the Committee to issue more binding norms which would effectively strengthen international peace and security.", "49. The Latin American and Caribbean region was firmly committed to the cause of disarmament, as borne out by the political will of Argentina, Brazil and Chile to ensure implementation of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, not to mention the agreements on nuclear matters between Argentina and Brazil, whose provisions went beyond those of comparable agreements.", "50. With regard to the Convention on Chemical Weapons, the final declaration of a regional seminar held recently in Santiago drew attention, inter alia, to the importance of ensuring the universal applicability of the Convention as well as the effective and balanced operations of its verification regime. Furthermore, the Mendoza Accord on the total ban of chemical and biological weapons had already attracted broad support at the regional level. The Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD) was currently before the Chilean Chamber of Deputies for ratification.", "51. The large number of replies received by the Centre for Disarmament Affairs in connection with the Register of Conventional Arms was encouraging. It was important to improve the Register with a view to making it a real means of promoting confidence at bilateral, regional and global levels. To that end his Government had not only reported on transfers but also on its stocks and indicated its willingness to participate in forthcoming meetings of governmental experts on the subject.", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "52. Disarmament problems remained urgent, and their relationship to international security was more evident than in the past. His Government was concerned that the human and material resources allocated to the Office of Disarmament Affairs no longer met its requirements.", "53. One of the main problems which had come to the fore since the emergence of a new international order was that of human security, which went beyond traditional notions of security and was determined in many parts of the world by poverty. In that connection he suggested that the Committee should bear four considerations in mind during its discussions. First, the security of individuals was now as important as, if not more important than, security of the State. Second, security problems in one country, region or geographical area could become a source of instability that extended beyond the frontiers of the area in question. Third, a modern concept of security must take account of economic, social, environmental and other problems. Lastly, the ending of the cold war had provided an opportunity to resurrect concepts formerly thwarted by ideological confrontation such as \"zones of peace\". There had been ample proof in Latin America that such zones were a useful means of promoting cooperation and understanding as well as easing potential military tensions.", "54. Disarmament must be a world-wide process which, taking due account of the characteristics of each region, should bring about real improvements in the living conditions of people in the developing countries. He believed the United Nations was the appropriate forum to achieve those aims as laid down in its Charter. It was therefore essential not to miss the unique opportunity afforded by the current political climate to achieve substantial progress in international disarmament, peace and security which would benefit generations to come.", "55. Mr. MROZIEWICZ (Poland) said that since 1989, the international arena had undergone radical changes which had affected the very essence of international security. While since the end of the cold war some sources of instability and regional conflicts had ceased to exist and new opportunities emerged to settle old disputes, other dormant conflicts had come to life, fuelled by an increase in nationalist and even xenophobic sentiments. For decades international security had hinged on the balance of military forces, but now the role of the Security Council and the involvement of regional organizations had considerably increased as the political means of guaranteeing security had come to the fore.", "56. Poland enjoyed good relations with its neighbouring countries through cooperation with inter alia the VISEGRAD Group and the Baltic States. It also encouraged the strengthening of ties with the countries of Western Europe, the United States of America and Canada; joining the north Atlantic Alliance and the European Community were among the priorities of Polish foreign policy.", "57. The fundamental challenge facing Europe at present was the establishment of a system which would provide equal security for all European countries. The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) had an important role to play in that regard and could constitute a forum for the settlement of disputes and prevention of conflicts. If necessary, the CSCE might request the intervention of the relevant military alliances. They would have the dual role", "(Mr. Mroziewicz, Poland)", "of alliances in the sense of Article 51 of the United Nations Charter and of institutions exercising Pan-European responsibilities, a role to which Poland attached particular importance.", "58. The NTP was a major pillar of international security, and should therefore be indefinitely extended at the 1995 review conference. The success of that Conference would be promoted by constructive negotiations on the CTBT at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva. Motivated by its commitment to nuclear non-proliferation and with the support of the Eastern European Group, which had not yet held the presidency of an NPT review conference, Poland intended to nominate a candidate for that presidency.", "59. The proliferation of materials and technologies for the production of weapons of mass destruction and the clandestine sales of such materials and technologies to regions of potential conflict posed an increasing challenge to international peace and security, and should therefore remain high on the agenda.", "60. Welcoming the signing by some 150 States of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, he stressed the urgent need to ensure the timely entry into force of that Convention and cooperation by signatory States with the Preparatory Commission for the Organization on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. The Netherlands, together with Canada and Poland, would submit a draft resolution on that issue.", "61. Poland welcomed the establishment, within the framework of the Conference on Disarmament, of an Ad Hoc Committee on the establishment of Transparency in Armaments. The regional workshop organized earlier in 1993 in Poland by the United Nations Centre for Disarmament Affairs had facilitated participation by States from the region in the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, to which Poland attached great importance.", "62. New realities and disarmament priorities necessitated an overhaul of the disarmament machinery, including such measures as rationalizing the agenda of the First Committee and streamlining its modus operandi, thus reducing the number, and enhancing the credibility, of its resolutions. He welcomed the decision by the Conference on Disarmament to focus on four items only in 1993, with the prompt establishment of the respective ad hoc subsidiary bodies, but regretted the failure to reach consensus on the vital issue of the expansion of the Conference's membership. It was essential to find a compromise solution which accommodated the different aspirations of States seeking membership of the Conference without undermining its negotiating strength.", "63. Mr. CISSE (Senegal) said that the optimism generated by positive changes in the international context and the increasing involvement of the Organization in international peace efforts was tempered by concerns at the resurgence of armed conflicts. Only complete and universal disarmament would make possible the multilateral cooperation, and consequent economic and social development, necessary to ensure that those conflicts could be overcome.", "(Mr. Cisse, Senegal)", "64. Senegal was therefore encouraged by the significant progress made in the area of disarmament during 1993, including the signing of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and hoped that the necessary steps would soon be completed to ensure its entry into force, which would lead to the historically unprecedented elimination of an entire category of weapons of mass destruction.", "65. Senegal also welcomed the signing in 1993 by the United States of America and the Russian Federation of START II, and hoped that the remaining obstacles to the ratification of the Lisbon Protocol would be overcome without delay.", "66. He noted with concern that many issues, particularly those concerning procedure, relating to the 1995 Review Conference on the Non-Proliferation Treaty remained unresolved, and drew attention, in particular, to the question of the presidency of the Conference, signalling his delegation's support for the candidature of Ambassador Dhamapala, put forward by the Non-Aligned Movement.", "67. As a non-nuclear State, Senegal particularly welcomed the recent decision to entrust the Disarmament Commission with the negotiation of a complete test‑ban treaty, and pledged its readiness to contribute actively to that important project.", "68. At the regional level, Senegal had welcomed South Africa's announcement that it would dismantle its nuclear weapons. He stressed the need for IAEA to be fully notified of the inventory of nuclear material resulting from that process of dismantling and, in general, for all such nuclear material to be placed under total control or transferred out of Africa, with a view to ensuring the denuclearization of the African continent.", "69. In the Asian region, Senegal welcomed the joint declaration by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the United States of America on efforts to achieve a denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, and the decision by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to suspend its withdrawal from the NPT and to pursue negotiations with IAEA.", "70. Despite progress in the reduction and control of certain categories of weapons of mass destruction, the precarious political, economic and social equilibrium in the world was increasingly threatened by the growing build-up of conventional arms in certain vulnerable regions. His delegation therefore welcomed the establishment of the Register of Conventional Arms, and hoped that current discussions would lead to greater transparency in that area.", "71. Efforts by the Organization to promote disarmament and arms regulation could only succeed with the support of all Member States, particularly the major Powers with their formidable military arsenals. Efforts to build a world of peace and security also necessitated combating hunger, poverty and sickness, which were capable, if left unattended, of becoming more serious threats to international peace and security than those posed by military arsenals.", "72. Mr. PERRI (Brazil) said that, despite positive events in the post‑cold‑war world, such as the recent agreement between Israel and Palestine and the dismantling of apartheid, new conflicts had emerged and old ones re-emerged, rendering the maintenance of international peace and security much more complex than had been anticipated at the end of an age dominated by ideological confrontations. Particular significance attached, therefore, to preventive diplomacy, since peace-building through the promotion of a fair and equitable international order was the best diplomacy in a world in which political, military and economic imbalances still persisted.", "73. As the Brazilian Minister for Foreign Affairs had stressed in his statement to the General Assembly, the international agenda was, as before, structured around democracy, development and disarmament with their ramifications in the areas of human rights, environment and international security, and those three elements constituted the necessary foundations for peace in the new international order which the Organization was striving to build.", "74. Among encouraging recent initiatives, he welcomed the signing of START II and the plans by the United States to prohibit the production of fissionable materials. The more peaceful international situation had created an opportunity to reduce military budgets and convert military industries into civilian uses. Brazil hoped that the resources freed in that process would stimulate economic and social development, particularly for the benefit of the developing world, and, in that context, welcomed the proposal that the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) should coordinate the establishment of the United Nations interdepartmental task force on conversion.", "75. At the multilateral level, Brazil noted with satisfaction the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention by 150 countries and urged the remaining countries to add their signatures. In addition, Brazil welcomed progress in the areas of verification of biological weapons, control of conventional weapons and the prohibition of nuclear tests. It urged nuclear States not to resume testing and to persevere in their efforts to achieve a multilaterally agreed and internationally verifiable comprehensive test-ban treaty, particularly since the cessation of nuclear tests was crucial in halting vertical proliferation and progress in horizontal non-proliferation could be jeopardized if vertical proliferation was not stopped.", "76. He hoped that negotiations on expanding the membership of the Conference on Disarmament would be successfully concluded, thus meeting the need of further democratizing the Conference without impairing its efficiency.", "77. He stressed the need to complete work at the next session of the Conference on Disarmament on its remaining agenda items, and drew attention to Brazil's special interest in promoting discussion on the item related to science and technology, in the belief that consensus among supplier and recipient countries on the proposed guidelines and recommendations would be of crucial importance in strengthening international security and promoting economic and social development. A more peaceful and prosperous international order would result from universal commitment to the use and transfer of high technology for exclusively peaceful purposes.", "(Mr. Perri, Brazil)", "78. He commended the significant achievements in the field of disarmament of such United Nations bodies as the Office (now Centre) for Disarmament Affairs, the regional Centres for Disarmament, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters. Nevertheless, the continued existence of nuclear arsenals still posed a threat to peace and security. In that connection, he expressed concern at the precarious situation in parts of the former USSR where strategic nuclear weapons were stationed.", "79. Following the adoption of various international instruments by Brazil and other countries in the region, Latin America was on the verge of becoming a region in which nuclear weapons would be definitively banned. He hoped that the Treaty of Tlatelolco, recently approved by the Brazilian Government, would be adopted by other countries in the region and would be fully in force by the end of 1993.", "The meeting rose at 1.10 p.m." ]	[ "[]Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control-F para entrar al footer que contiene Distr. GENERAL.", "PRIMERA COMISION", "Tercera sesión", "celebrada el lunes", "18 de octubre de 1993", "a las 10.00 horas", "Nueva York", "ACTA RESUMIDA DE LA TERCERA SESION", "Presidente: von WAGNER (Alemania)", "SUMARIO", "DECLARACION DEL PRESIDENTE", "DECLARACION DEL SECRETARIO GENERAL ADJUNTO DE ASUNTOS POLITICOS", "DEBATE GENERAL SOBRE TODOS LOS TEMAS DEL PROGRAMA RELATIVOS AL DESARME Y A LA SEGURIDAD INTERNACIONALES", "Se declara abierta la sesión a las 10.20 horas.", "DECLARACION DEL PRESIDENTE", "1. El PRESIDENTE dice que la \"agenda de desarme\" de los períodos de sesiones anteriores seguirán revistiendo una importancia crucial para muchas cuestiones apremiantes. Los notables acontecimientos políticos de los últimos tiempos ayudarán a la Comisión a llegar a un consenso sobre cuestiones que hasta ahora había sido imposible abordar. La Comisión debe procurar fundir las resoluciones que se refieren al mismo tema siempre que los cambios políticos lo permitan. Las delegaciones relacionadas con dichas resoluciones deben demostrar suficiente flexibilidad y voluntad política para llegar a una solución de transacción. La Comisión tal vez desee reunir los temas tradicionales de su labor y las respectivas resoluciones bajo los denominados \"temas generales\". Las delegaciones también deberían considerar si sus resoluciones todavía reflejan los cambios ocurridos en el clima político después de la confrontación entre Oriente y Occidente.", "2. Convendría que la Comisión precisara más estrictamente sus objetivos con respecto a la agenda de desarme tradicional y al mismo tiempo lo ampliara para que abarcara cuestiones más generales relacionadas con la paz y la seguridad. Habida cuenta de los cambios ocurridos en el mundo y de las inquietantes nuevas tendencias que amenazan la paz y la seguridad, la Comisión debería considerar si el programa de control de armamentos refleja sus responsabilidades en forma amplia y si la simplificación y la racionalización son los únicos medios de revitalizar su labor. La reducción del número de resoluciones sobre el desarme podría indicar una disminución de la importancia de la Comisión si esa reducción no va acompañada de la apertura de nuevos medios para realizar actividades políticas importantes. La Comisión daría una impresión falsa a los gobiernos, al público y a los que determinan la opinión pública si simplemente redujera su volumen de trabajo en momentos en que estallan conflictos militares y se buscan desesperadamente los medios para impedirlos o contenerlos.", "3. El nuevo nombre de la Comisión parece dar a entender que su función no consiste en ser un foro centrado exclusivamente en cuestiones del control de armamentos. El Secretario General sugirió que era necesario que hubiera una integración práctica del desarme y de las cuestiones de regulación de los armamentos en la estructura más amplia del programa de la paz y la seguridad internacionales. Sin embargo, al mismo tiempo, la Comisión tiene que tener presentes las disposiciones pertinentes de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas que limitan el alcance de las medidas que pueden adoptar la Asamblea General y sus comisiones. No obstante ello, y a pesar de lo previsto en el Artículo 12 de la Carta, la Comisión, como parte de sus responsabilidades generales, podría formular recomendaciones con respecto a una controversia o a una situación que no se haya presentado ante el Consejo de Seguridad. La Comisión también podría formular recomendaciones, directrices o principios generales relacionados con la paz y la seguridad internacionales con miras a promover un entendimiento más profundo de los conceptos de la diplomacia preventiva, el fomento de la confianza y de las medidas para preservar la paz en la etapa posterior a los conflictos. Al insertar el programa de desarme tradicional en el contexto más", "(El Presidente)", "amplio de las cuestiones de seguridad, de los conflictos que surgen y de los riesgos para la paz, la Comisión podría estar en mejores condiciones de limitarse a las cuestiones que revisten mayor interés.", "DECLARACION DEL SECRETARIO GENERAL ADJUNTO DE ASUNTOS POLITICOS", "4. El Sr. GOULDING (Secretario General Adjunto de Asuntos Políticos) recuerda que en su informe titulado \"Nuevas dimensiones de la regulación de los armamentos y el desarme en la era posterior a la guerra fría\" (A/C.1/47/7), el Secretario General dijo que el desarme se debería incorporar a la estructura más amplia de la paz y la seguridad internacionales en lugar de abordarse por separado. En la esfera del desarme hay considerables oportunidades de adelanto. La Conferencia de 1995 de los Estados Partes en el Tratado sobre la no proliferación de las armas nucleares (TNP) es una oportunidad importante para llegar a una respuesta internacionalmente convenida a las preocupaciones sobre el peligro de la proliferación de las armas nucleares. Su Departamento ha enviado personal que aportará la contribución necesaria a los preparativos exitosos de la Conferencia.", "5. La decisión de la Conferencia de Desarme de dar a su Comité ad hoc sobre la prohibición de los ensayos de armas nucleares el mandato de comenzar negociaciones sustantivas para llegar a un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares a principios de 1994 revela que hay una intención firme de concretar ese objetivo de larga data, especialmente por parte de los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares. La finalización con éxito de las negociaciones acerca de la Convención sobre de la Prohibición del Desarrollo, la Producción, el Almacenamiento y el Empleo de armas químicas y sobre su destrucción es un ejemplo de la labor que puede desempeñar la Conferencia de Desarme cuando cuenta con la participación de todos los sectores de la comunidad internacional. Dicha Convención será el primer instrumento multilateral con disposiciones amplias para su aplicación que se aplican por igual a todas las partes. También son importantes los nuevos compromisos de negociar un sistema viable de verificación para la Convención sobre la prohibición del desarrollo, la producción y el almacenamiento de armas bacteriológicas (biológicas) y tóxicas y sobre su destrucción, como se reconoció en la Tercera Conferencia de Examen.", "6. Hay señales de que se ha llegado a un nuevo nivel de interés sobre los difíciles problemas que se plantean en el mundo después de la guerra fría. En diversas regiones se ha trabajado intensamente en pro de la cooperación y el fomento de la confianza; el fortalecimiento de los sistemas de cooperación regional que incluyen cuestiones de seguridad representan un tipo de diplomacia preventiva basada en la transparencia. El papel de la Comisión en esos procesos es importante.", "7. La proliferación de las armas convencionales es uno de los legados más inquietantes de la guerra fría. El orador, que anteriormente ocupó el puesto de Secretario General Adjunto de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz, tiene plena conciencia del grado en que el control y la solución de conflictos en muchas partes del mundo se ven complicados por la enorme cantidad de armas que se han introducido en esas regiones durante los dos últimos decenios. Se necesita una acción concertada, fundamentalmente por parte de los gobiernos", "(Sr. Goulding)", "en sus propios territorios, para eliminar la considerable cantidad de armas que se encuentran en manos de grupos políticos o de particulares. La creación del un nuevo Registro de las Naciones Unidas de Armamentos Convencionales es un paso importante para aumentar la claridad y la transparencia en las cuestiones militares. El uso indiscriminado de minas terrestre es otra cuestión que requiere la atención urgente y decidida de la comunidad internacional.", "8. A fin de responder a estos desafíos y oportunidades, el Secretario General ha decidido dar un nuevo nombre a la Oficina de Asuntos de Desarme, que se denominará \"Centro de Asuntos de Desarme\" y ha decidido también que éste se quede en Nueva York como parte integrante del Departamento de Asuntos Políticos.", "De conformidad con lo convenido con la Asamblea General, el personal estaría integrado nuevamente por el mismo número de funcionarios que tenía, con la adición propuesta de tres puestos, fundamentalmente en relación con la labor del Registro de Armamentos Convencionales. El Secretario General ha encargado a la Oficina que estudie cómo se podría lograr que las medidas de fomento de la confianza, verificación y otras técnicas que se habían elaborado y ensayado en la esfera del control de armamentos y el desarme se perfeccionaran y utilizaran como instrumentos de diplomacia preventiva, establecimiento de la paz y consolidación de la paz posterior a los conflictos, con el consentimiento de los gobiernos interesados. En tal sentido, el Centro tiene la ventaja de que varios funcionarios que lo integran han prestado servicios en misiones de mantenimiento de la paz en los últimos meses, lo que les permite aportar una experiencia valiosa desde el terreno.", "9. La Conferencia de Desarme sigue siendo el foro principal para la negociación de acuerdos internacionales sobre el control de armamentos y desarme. Tras la renuncia del Sr. Berasategui, Secretario General de la Conferencia, el Secretario General designó al Sr. Vladimir Petrovsky, Director General de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra, para que ocupara el cargo de Secretario General de la Conferencia y actuara como su Representante Personal ante ella, con carácter provisional, a partir del 5 de diciembre de 1993. El Sr. Petrovsky desempeñaría esas funciones simultáneamente con sus funciones de Director General de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.", "10. Actualmente se está examinando nuevamente la labor de los tres centros regionales del Centro teniendo presentes las nuevas oportunidades de adelanto sobre una base regional. Habría que volver a definir el papel de los centros para asegurar que sus actividades tienen consecuencias en las regiones en que prestan servicios y forman parte eficazmente de la respuesta de la Secretaría a las oportunidades y los problemas a que hace frente.", "DEBATE GENERAL SOBRE TODOS LOS TEMAS DEL PROGRAMA RELATIVOS AL DESARME Y A LA SEGURIDAD INTERNACIONAL", "11. El Sr. MARIN BOSCH (México) dice que desde hace algún tiempo la Conferencia de Desarme ha sentido el impacto de los cambios vertiginosos en la situación internacional; por segundo año consecutivo, su informe a la Asamblea General contiene resultados concretos. La decisión de entablar las anheladas y largamente pospuestas negociaciones sobre una prohibición completa de los ensayos nucleares será un punto crítico en los esfuerzos de la comunidad internacional por detener y revertir la proliferación nuclear en todos sus", "(Sr. Marin Bosch, México)", "aspectos. Esa decisión fue posible, en gran medida, debido al cambio de posición que asumió el nuevo Gobierno de los Estados Unidos con respecto a la prohibición completa de los ensayos nucleares. Lamentablemente, no fue posible llegar a un acuerdo en 1993 sobre la ampliación de la composición de la Conferencia, ya que de pronto apareció una opinión negativa solitaria. Cabe esperar que ese país pueda reconsiderar su posición.", "12. Washington y Moscú están empezando a revertir la carrera de armamentos nucleares, con la firma del Tratado entre los Estados Unidos de América y la Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas sobre la reducción y limitación de la armas estratégicas ofensivas (START), el Protocolo de Lisboa y el Tratado START II. Así como la carrera de armamentos nucleares tuvo una dinámica muy particular, fomentada por los intereses de los complejos militares e industriales, el proceso de reducción de esos arsenales tendrá su propia dinámica y exigirá reducciones cada vez mayores de las armas nucleares. Sin embargo, no hay que perder de vista el hecho de que en diez años cuando se hayan cumplido cabalmente las disposiciones de los tratados START, los arsenales nucleares estratégicos de Estados Unidos y Rusia seguirán siendo superiores a los que tenían hacia finales del decenio de 1960, cuando se firmó el Tratado sobre la no proliferación de las armas nucleares. No hay que olvidar tampoco que desde entonces el mundo ha sido inundado por decenas de miles de armas nucleares y la comunidad internacional todavía no ha llegado a un acuerdo sobre un camino bien definido a seguir con respecto a esas armas de destrucción en masa.", "13. En cuanto a los ensayos nucleares, se abrigaba la esperanza de que los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares dieran muestras de prudencia que sin duda redundarían en beneficio de las futuras negociaciones sobre el tema. Sin embargo, el 5 de octubre de 1993, China rompió la moratoria de facto sobre los ensayos nucleares y en las capitales de otros Estados poseedores de armas nucleares se ha reabierto el debate en torno a la continuación de los ensayos nucleares. Ello podría repercutir negativamente en la Conferencia de Desarme de Ginebra. La reanudación de los ensayos ya ha tenido consecuencias políticas inmediatas y podría afectar de manera directa el diálogo sobre la no proliferación nuclear. Los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares tendrán poca autoridad para exigir a los demás lo que ellos mismos no están dispuestos a hacer; realizar unos pocos ensayos, pequeños o grandes, antes de cerrarles la puerta definitivamente a los demás parece una conducta poco seria. Cabe preguntarse si los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares gozan de privilegios especiales. Como partes en el TNP, los cinco Estados están obligados a proseguir negociaciones con miras a \"procurar alcanzar la suspensión permanente de todas las explosiones de ensayo de armas nucleares\", como dice el Tratado de Prohibición Parcial de Ensayos (PTBT). Además, en su artículo VI, el TNP dice que cada Parte en el Tratado se compromete a celebrar negociaciones de buena fe sobre medidas eficaces relativas a la cesación de la carrera de armamentos nucleares en fecha cercana y al desarme nuclear, y sobre un tratado de desarme general y completo bajo estricto y eficaz control internacional, que es la clave para esa \"cesación de la carrera de armamentos nucleares\".", "(Sr. Marin Bosch, México)", "14. Hace 30 años México, como otros miembros del Comité de Desarme de Dieciocho Naciones (CDDN), señaló que el PTBT representaba \"un primer paso\" hacia la prohibición completa de los ensayos nucleares y hacia el desarme general y completo bajo control internacional eficaz. Al firmar el PTBT, el Secretario de Estado de los Estados Unidos dijo que la historia registraría, en última instancia, la forma en que se llevaría a cabo esa tarea incompleta de paz. Tres largas décadas después, esa \"tarea de paz\" sigue inconclusa. Es cierto que en el decenio de 1970 hubo intentos de negociar un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos nucleares (CTBT), pero esa oportunidad, y varias otras, se dejaron escapar. De ahí la iniciativa de varios países, incluido México, de buscar la prohibición completa de ensayos mediante una enmienda al PTBT. Ese proceso sigue en marcha y en agosto de 1993 se lograron algunos avances importantes durante las consultas que llevó a cabo en Nueva York el Presidente de la Conferencia de Enmienda. Se acordó que el proceso de enmienda al PTBT era complementario de otros esfuerzos y que ofrecía claras ventajas en algunos renglones sobre otros enfoques. Mientras tanto, la Conferencia de Desarme decidió negociar un CTBT a partir de enero de 1994.", "15. Sin embargo, el camino entre la decisión de la Conferencia de Desarme y la negociación misma de un CTBT no está resultando nada fácil. La semana anterior empezaron a surgir algunas diferencias en Ginebra acerca de cómo mejor aprovechar el tiempo que media entre octubre y enero. Es obvio que hay Potencias nucleares que quieren un ritmo más o menos lento, mientras que la mayoría de los miembros de la Conferencia de Desarme preferiría un paso más acelerado. Los integrantes del Grupo de los 21 han sugerido inclusive que la Conferencia fije 1994 como la fecha tope para concluir un CTBT.", "16. Dada la decisión de la Conferencia de Desarme de entablar negociaciones en enero, es obvio que lo importante será traducir cuanto antes ese acuerdo político en un acuerdo sobre el papel. Para lograrlo habrá que hacer un esfuerzo por encontrar fórmulas de compromiso que aseguren una negociación expedita y, por consiguiente, los miembros de la Conferencia deberían empezar enseguida el debate sobre los dos aspectos principales del futuro CTBT: el alcance de la prohibición y su sistema de verificación. Sin embargo, no se avanzará con la celeridad que requiere el tema si se insiste en retrasar las negociaciones o realizar más ensayos nucleares.", "17. El TNP prohíbe a sus partes no poseedoras de armas nucleares la adquisición de armas nucleares y, por consiguiente, la realización de ensayos nucleares. Hay varias decenas de países que no se han adherido al TNP. ¿Acaso aceptarían ellos y los demás miembros de la comunidad internacional que se estableciera una especie de sistema de cuotas de ensayos antes de la entrada en vigor del CTBT para cada uno de los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares?", "18. Los cinco Estados poseedores de armas nucleares han dicho que están dispuestos a concluir un CTBT, pero sus motivos no son necesariamente idénticos y sus diferencias obedecen a sus distintos niveles de desarrollo nuclear. Sin embargo, todos aprecian, aun cuando en distinto grado, las ventajas que tendría un CTBT para fortalecer la no proliferación nuclear de las armas nucleares. Algunos inclusive lo ven como un paso para asegurar la no proliferación nuclear y así allanar el camino hacia el desarme nuclear.", "(Sr. Marin Bosch, México)", "19. Esa observación está vinculada a una esfera de fundamental importancia. Cuando se habla de los cinco Estados poseedores de armas nucleares se establece una distinción formal, basada en el TNP y en una apreciación meramente cronológica. Sin embargo, otras consideraciones dan por resultado un enfoque diferente. Por ejemplo, Belarús, Kazajstán y Ucrania tienen armas nucleares pero nunca las han ensayado; Sudáfrica tuvo seis artefactos sin ensayarlos y ahora dice que ya no los tiene; la India tuvo por lo menos uno; en general se supone que Israel tiene armas nucleares y se supone que otros países también las tienen. Sin embargo, la comunidad internacional sigue aferrada al TNP y a sus definiciones un tanto arcaicas. Lo cierto es que en el decenio de 1990 la línea divisoria entre los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares y algunos de los que no las poseen se está borrando y algunos de estos últimos están importando grandes cantidades de plutonio para su industria nuclear civil avanzada. Esos y otros países altamente industrializados son \"Estados poseedores de armas nucleares en potencia\", ya que podrían producir un artefacto nuclear en cosa de meses o semanas. Luego hay los llamados \"Estados nucleares en el umbral\", países que tienen programas nucleares significativos pero que no son partes en el TNP. Ahora hay una tercera categoría de Estados no partes en el TNP: los \"Estados poseedores temporalmente de armas nucleares\", que incluyen a Belarús, Kazajstán, Ucrania y Sudáfrica.", "20. Las anteriores son algunas de las cuestiones que las partes en el TNP deberían examinar durante el proceso preparatorio de la Conferencia de Examen y Prórroga de 1995. Otra cuestión es determinar lo que sucedió en el Iraq, Estado Parte en el TNP, y por qué. Los inspectores de las Naciones Unidas y del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica encontraron una cantidad impresionante de material en el Iraq, lo que revela un programa nuclear ambicioso: parece imposible que durante años, sobre todo en el decenio de 1980, este material denominado \"sensible\" haya sido exportado y en tales cantidades sin que ningún gobierno de los Estados exportadores (todos ellos partes en el TNP) haya sospechado que los iraquíes estaban construyendo algo. También cabe preguntar cuál será el impacto del reciente caso de la República Popular Democrática de Corea sobre el futuro del régimen de no proliferación establecido por el TNP.", "21. La Convención sobre las Armas Químicas intenta remediar esas situaciones un tanto confusas acerca de la no proliferación de armas de destrucción en masa. La Convención exige que cada parte declare, una vez que ese instrumento entró en vigor, si posee armas químicas, si existen dichas armas en su territorio, si las ha traspasado o recibido desde el 1º de enero de 1946 y si hay (o hubo) instalaciones de armas químicas en su territorio. Esa es la clave del régimen uniforme para todas las partes en dicha Convención. Con respecto a las armas químicas y biológicas, no hay nada que se parezca a una \"sociedad de castas\", como existe en la esfera nuclear; esa sociedad tendrá que desaparecer pronto si lo que se procura es construir un régimen de no proliferación nuclear que sea genuino, universal y equitativo. Los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares (y algunos otros) no pueden seguir exigiendo el derecho a observar las instalaciones nucleares de otros, ya sea unilateralmente o mediante el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica (OIEA). Ciertamente esto no conduce al clima de confianza de apertura que a menudo se exige a otros países con relación a otras armas y sistemas de armas.", "(Sr. Marin Bosch, México)", "22. La comunidad internacional en general y los cinco Estados poseedores de armas nucleares en particular ahora tienen la oportunidad de avanzar decididamente en el campo del desarme nuclear. El proceso preparatorio de la Conferencia de Examen y Prórroga del TNP en 1995 ofrece un buen vehículo para entablar un diálogo franco sobre el futuro régimen de no proliferación nuclear.", "23. La cuestión de la no proliferación de las armas de destrucción en masa en todos sus aspectos y de los proyectiles balísticos reviste una importancia cada vez mayor. Su delegación considera que ha llegado el momento de pedirle a la Conferencia de Ginebra que se aboque de manera más intensa y formal a este tema, que merece ser examinado en los distintos foros internacionales de desarme, incluida la Comisión de Desarme de las Naciones Unidas. Sería útil que el Secretario General elaborara, con la ayuda de un pequeño grupo de expertos gubernamentales, un breve estudio sobre esta cuestión, de vital importancia para la comunidad internacional. Su delegación tiene la intención de explorar con otras delegaciones interesadas la posibilidad de someter un proyecto de resolución a ese respecto.", "24. El Sr. ZAHRAN (Egipto), hablando en su calidad de Presidente de la Conferencia de Desarme, presenta el informe anual de la Conferencia sobre la labor realizada durante el período de sesiones de 1993 (A/48/27). En dicho informe no se transmite, como se hizo en 1992, un instrumento internacional para que lo examine la Asamblea General. Sin embargo, la Conferencia trabajó empeñosamente en diversos asuntos sustantivos y de organización, con lo que logró adelantos en su examen de cuestiones de importancia vital para la paz y la seguridad internacionales. En particular, el 10 de agosto de 1993 la Conferencia decidió, entre otras cosas, dar a su Comité ad hoc sobre la prohibición de los ensayos nucleares un mandato para que negociara un tratado sobre la prohibición de los ensayos de armas nucleares, para lo cual se celebrarían consultas entre el 3 de septiembre de 1993 y 17 de enero de 1994 sobre el mandato concreto y la organización de las negociaciones. Así pues, por primera vez desde el Tratado de por el que se prohíben los ensayos con armas nucleares en la atmósfera, el espacio ultraterrestre y debajo del agua de 5 de agosto de 1963, el foro de negociaciones multilaterales de la comunidad internacional entabló negociaciones sobre un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares. Ese objetivo largamente perseguido de la comunidad internacional parece estar más próximo a concretarse que antes. Las futuras negociaciones sobre un tema al que la Asamblea General asignó el más alto grado de prioridad desde la conclusión del PTBT entrañan un compromiso político que exigirá los recursos necesarios de la Secretaría para asegurar que las negociaciones reciban suficiente apoyo.", "25. Con respecto a la composición de la Conferencia, el Coordinador Especial sobre la composición de la Conferencia celebró consultas detalladas antes de presentar su informe, que aparece en los párrafos 13 y 14 del informe anual. Como se observa en el párrafo 15, muchos Estados miembros de la Conferencia y algunos no miembros formularon declaraciones sobre el tema, pero no se llegó a ninguna conclusión antes de que finalizara el período de sesiones anual. En consecuencia, el Presidente dió instrucciones de que continuaran las consultas para llegar a un consenso durante el receso entre períodos de sesiones. El orador inició dichas consultas y tiene la intención de", "(Sr. Zahran, Egipto)", "continuarlas hasta principios del período de sesiones de 1994. Si bien todavía quedan dificultades por resolver, los miembros tienen plena conciencia de la necesidad de ampliar el foro multilateral de negociaciones sobre el desarme. Ese asunto de interés mutuo podría contribuir a la expansión de la Conferencia.", "26. Con respecto a los métodos de trabajo de la Conferencia, se celebraron consultas oficiosas abiertas y los debates y sus resultados se recogen en los párrafos 19 y 20 del informe anual. Este informe más corto que la Conferencia presenta a la Asamblea en su período de sesiones en curso es resultado del examen realizado sobre un funcionamiento mejor y más eficaz.", "27. Las actividades de los cuatro comités ad hoc establecidos por la Conferencia durante el período de sesiones anual de 1993 merecen destacarse. El Comité ad hoc sobre la prohibición de los ensayos nucleares logró algunos adelantos en su examen de diversas cuestiones de importancia relacionadas con el tema del programa, y examinó aspectos relacionados con la estructura y el alcance, así como con la verificación y el cumplimiento. En general se reconoció que a fin de lograr el cumplimiento de un futuro tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares, se necesitaría un sistema eficaz de verificación de aplicación internacional. Se iniciaron los trabajos preliminares, por primera vez en la historia de la Conferencia, sobre medios de verificación no sísmicos. La Conferencia reconoció en general que la adopción de la decisión de dar al Comité ad hoc un mandato de negociación es un punto crítico para los trabajos multilaterales destinados a elaborar un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares.", "28. El Comité ad hoc sobre la prevención de la carrera de armamentos en el espacio ultraterrestre examinó diversas cuestiones relacionadas con su futura labor y agradeció a los colaboradores del Presidente la celebración de consultas abiertas sobre cuestiones como las medidas de fomento de la confianza, terminología y aspectos jurídicos relacionados con la prevención de una carrera de armamentos en el espacio ultraterrestre. Había amplio acuerdo en el sentido de que la celebración de un acuerdo o acuerdos internacionales para prevenir dicha carrera de armamentos seguía siendo la labor fundamental del Comité y que las propuestas sobre medidas de fomento de la confianza podrían formar parte integrante de esos acuerdos. Se recomendó que a principios del período de sesiones de 1994, la Conferencia de Desarme restableciera al Comité ad hoc sobre la prevención de la carrera de armamentos en el espacio ultraterrestre con un mandato apropiado para continuar su labor sustantiva sobre todas las cuestiones que tiene ante sí.", "29. El Comité ad hoc sobre acuerdos internacionales eficaces que den garantías a los Estados no poseedores de armas nucleares contra el empleo o la amenaza del empleo de esas armas sigue examinando ese importante asunto y expresó la opinión de que era necesario redoblar los esfuerzos, teniendo presentes las transformaciones recientes en el clima político internacional. En consecuencia, convino en recomendar que se restableciera el Comité ad hoc a principios del período de sesiones de 1994.", "(Sr. Zahran, Egipto)", "30. En 1993, la Conferencia por primera vez estableció el Comité ad hoc sobre la transparencia en materia de armamentos. En su primer período de sesiones, el Comité cubrió un gran número de temas, incluido un intercambio de opiniones sustantivo sobre diversas cuestiones complejas relacionadas con la cuestión. Examinó la acumulación excesiva y desestabilizadora de armas, las existencias de material bélico y la adquisición de material de producción nacional y la transferencia de armas y de tecnología de alto nivel con aplicaciones militares, y con las armas de destrucción en masa. Se presentaron al Comité 18 documentos de trabajo, varios de los cuales contienen propuestas concretas. Aunque no se llegó a un acuerdo al respecto, las delegaciones convinieron en que muchas de las cuestiones a que se referían contribuían, al fomento de la confianza y la estabilidad. Por consiguiente, el Comité ad hoc recomendó su restablecimiento a principios del período de sesiones de 1994 de la Conferencia.", "31. En la labor de la Conferencia en 1993 se continuó una tendencia positiva iniciada el año anterior con el importante acuerdo acerca de la Convención sobre la prohibición de armas químicas. Están surgiendo nuevas ideas y asuntos de interés común a medida que la cooperación internacional reemplaza a las confrontaciones de la guerra fría. La decisión de comenzar las negociaciones acerca de un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares es uno de los acontecimientos más destacados del período posterior a la guerra fría. Si bien las negociaciones indudablemente no serán fáciles y habrá que abordar diversas cuestiones delicadas, el orador confía en que la Conferencia pueda desempeñar sus graves responsabilidades como el órgano de la comunidad internacional encargado de las negociaciones sobre el desarme.", "32. El Sr. O'SULLIVAN (Australia) dice que han ocurrido tres acontecimientos importantes desde que la Comisión se reunió por última vez. En primer lugar, se finalizó la Convención sobre las Armas Químicas, que se abrió a la firma y recibió un amplio apoyo internacional. El establecimiento de la Secretaría Técnica Provisional prevista en la Convención es un ejemplo notable de cooperación multilateral. El hecho de que sus actividades ya hayan comenzado, es un buen presagio de la aplicación eficaz del Tratado. El orador exhorta a todos los Estados signatarios a que tomen las medidas necesarias para asegurar la aplicación más rápida posible de la Convención. Asimismo, exhorta a los Estados que todavía no la hayan firmado a que consideren nuevamente su posición, con miras a asegurar la aplicación universal de la prohibición mundial de las armas químicas.", "33. En segundo lugar, la importante decisión adoptada por la Conferencia de Desarme de iniciar las negociaciones para un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares indica una etapa nueva y largamente esperada en las negociaciones de desarme internacional. El Tratado servirá el doble propósito de impedir la producción de nuevas generaciones de armas nucleares y de mejorar el régimen de no proliferación nuclear. Australia confía en que la mayor parte de la labor sobre el Tratado se pueda finalizar a tiempo para la Conferencia de Examen del TNP en abril de 1995. Sin embargo, es importante que la labor sobre los aspectos políticos, jurídicos y de verificación del Tratado procedan conjuntamente y se refuercen mutuamente. Australia está dispuesta a considerar la posibilidad de asignar más tiempo para", "(Sr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "las negociaciones en el período de sesiones de 1994 de la Conferencia de Desarme. Habida cuenta de los adelantos alcanzados en el comienzo de las negociaciones sobre el Tratado, la reciente decisión de China de violar la moratoria de facto de los ensayos nucleares, que se había observado durante más de un año, es verdaderamente lamentable.", "34. Australia espera que haya mayores garantías unilaterales de seguridad, como por ejemplo una declaración conjunta u otra manifestación vinculante por parte de los Estados que conservan armas nucleares de que no las utilizarán contra países que se han comprometido a la no proliferación. Junto con el CTBT, dichas medidas facilitarían notablemente el examen y la prórroga del TNP.", "35. La prórroga del TNP en la Conferencia de Examen en 1995 es esencial, principalmente para que sirva de base jurídica firme de la cooperación internacional en la utilización con fines pacíficos de la energía nuclear. Australia, como muchos otros países, es partidaria de la prórroga indefinida del Tratado y seguirá participando activamente en las reuniones preparatorias para la Conferencia de 1995.", "36. El fin de la guerra fría plantea desafíos al régimen de no proliferación nuclear y al mismo tiempo presenta oportunidades de fortalecerlo. Su país, preocupado por la proliferación de armas nucleares en el Asia meridional, vería con beneplácito un diálogo más activo sobre asuntos nucleares entre la India y el Pakistán. Asimismo, habría que alentar a Ucrania y a Kazajstán a que cumplieran con sus obligaciones previstas en el Protocolo de Lisboa con respecto al Tratado START I y se adhirieran al TNP como Estados no poseedores de armas nucleares, siguiendo el ejemplo de Belarús.", "37. Australia también acoge con satisfacción la cooperación de Sudáfrica con el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica desde que se adhirió al TNP y en particular su política de plena transparencia con respecto a sus actividades nucleares. Sin embargo, el hecho de que el Iraq y la República Popular Democrática de Corea sigan incumpliendo las obligaciones de salvaguardia del OIEA sigue siendo motivo de profunda preocupación.", "38. Australia apoya plenamente los esfuerzos realizados desde la guerra del Golfo de fortalecer la eficacia y transparencia del sistema de salvaguardias del OIEA, así como la labor del Grupo Asesor Permanente sobre Aplicación de Salvaguardias (SAGSI) y alienta a otros países a que hagan lo propio. Con respecto a esto último, destaca la importancia de la aplicación eficaz de los acuerdos de salvaguardia para prevenir actividades nucleares clandestinas y del fomento de la confianza en el régimen de no proliferación basado en el TNP.", "39. La aplicación más estricta de los controles de exportación de la energía nuclear y el fortalecimiento de los arreglos sobre los proveedores de materiales nucleares también contribuyen a los objetivos de no proliferación del TNP. Además, los arreglos regionales de no proliferación, como los Tratados de Tlatelolco en América Latina y Rarotonga en el Pacífico meridional complementan el régimen internacional de no proliferación basado en el TNP. Las medidas adoptadas para establecer zonas libre de armas nucleares en las demás regiones no sólo promueven una actitud más constructiva hacia los arreglos de no", "(Sr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "proliferación en esas regiones, sino que también alientan el apoyo regional del TNP en las etapas previas a la Conferencia de 1995.", "40. Australia espera con interés participar en el futuro en las negociaciones para poner fin a la producción de materiales fisionables y establecer controles multilaterales no discriminatorios sobre la compra de sistemas de misiles desestabilizadores, en particular los utilizados como vectores de armas de destrucción en masa.", "41. Se ha tendido a subestimar el riesgo que representa la proliferación de las armas biológicas como posible amenaza para la seguridad internacional. A Australia le preocupa desde hace mucho tiempo el hecho de que la eficacia del único instrumento mundial para la abolición de dichas armas - la Convención sobre las armas biológicas - esté limitada por la falta de mecanismos para verificar el cumplimiento de las obligaciones previstas en la Convención. Por lo tanto, acoge con satisfacción el informe del Grupo ad hoc de expertos gubernamentales, que concluyó que las medidas de verificación contribuirían a mejorar la aplicación eficaz de la Convención, y sirven de base técnica firme para elaborar los mecanismos de verificación necesarios. En tal sentido, Australia apoya la convocación de una conferencia especial a tal fin, y sugiere que otros Estados Partes hagan lo propio, para lo cual deberán notificar a uno de los países depositarios sin demora.", "42. Desde el fin de la guerra fría, la Comisión pudo abordar más eficazmente la cuestión de la seguridad regional, así como alentar el control de los armamentos, la seguridad y las medidas de fomento de la confianza en determinadas regiones. En su región se han logrado algunos adelantos, ya que los países integrantes de la ASEAN contribuyen notablemente a entablar el diálogo sobre la seguridad en la región de Asia y el Pacífico mediante el establecimiento del Foro Regional de la ASEAN. Australia también participó en el Grupo de Trabajo sobre el Control de los Armamentos y la Seguridad Regional copatrocinado por los Estados Unidos de América y Rusia, y espera con interés los adelantos en esa esfera.", "43. En cuanto a la transparencia en asuntos militares, en particular con respecto a los armamentos, el orador observa con satisfacción que muchos países ya han enviado sus respuestas al Registro de las Naciones Unidas de Armamentos Convencionales. Espera con interés participar activamente en la Asamblea General y en la Conferencia de Desarme en la futura elaboración de mecanismos mundiales de transparencia y directrices para la compra de armas. Otro asunto importante que se ha de abordar en el futuro inmediato es la necesidad de establecer normas más eficaces para la utilización de minas terrestres, lo que exige un examen de la Convención sobre las armas inhumanas.", "44. En conclusión, recuerda que se le ha confiado la labor de examinar la posibilidad de ampliar la Conferencia de Desarme a fin de que ésta pueda desempeñar sus funciones más eficazmente. Tras extensas consultas oficiosas, propuso a la Conferencia una solución de transacción sobre la cual, lamentablemente, no se había podido llegar a un acuerdo. Sin embargo, espera que, con la asistencia del Presidente de la Conferencia, se pueda encontrar una solución que cuente con aprobación general.", "45. El Sr. PIZARRO (Chile) dice que, a pesar de que la guerra fría ha terminado, aún quedan tareas esenciales por cumplir en el ámbito del desarme. Su Gobierno deplora la reciente violación por parte de China de la moratoria voluntaria de ensayos nucleares, que ha significado que otras Potencias nucleares estén reconsiderando sus compromisos en la materia.", "46. Otro tema que es motivo de inquietud es la prórroga de la vigencia del Tratado sobre la no proliferación nuclear (TNP). Si bien Chile está de acuerdo con su finalidad, al mismo tiempo lo considera un Tratado discriminatorio, porque la desigualdad de derechos y obligaciones entre Estados poseedores de armas nucleares y aquellos que no lo son ha sido responsable en gran parte de la gran proliferación de dichas armas. Sin embargo, el Gobierno de Chile ha dispuesto una reevaluación de su posición frente al TNP en la esperanza de que las partes demuestren flexibilidad en el tratamiento del tema y permitan la participación de observadores en las reuniones preparatorias de la Conferencia de 1995. Es importante aprovechar la oportunidad que presenta la realidad política internacional para discutir sin limitaciones el régimen de la no proliferación nuclear.", "47. Otro motivo de preocupación es la falta de acuerdo sobre la cuestión de ampliar la composición de la Conferencia de Desarme. El orador exhorta a las partes interesadas a que fortalezcan el diálogo y la negociación para superar las dificultades subsistentes frente a la propuesta del representante de Australia, que su país considera una alternativa viable.", "48. Al aproximarse a los 50 años de su existencia, las Naciones Unidas deben ser un verdadero instrumento de la paz y de la seguridad internacionales. En tal sentido, el orador apoya las propuestas de racionalizar los trabajos de la Primera Comisión y reformar su agenda. La Comisión debe procurar establecer normas jurídicas más vinculantes que fortalezcan eficazmente la paz y la seguridad internacionales.", "49. La región de América Latina y el Caribe está comprometida con la causa del desarme, como lo demuestra la decidida voluntad política de la Argentina, el Brasil y Chile de poner en vigor el Tratado de Tlatelolco, por no mencionar los acuerdos sobre materias nucleares entre la Argentina y el Brasil, que exceden de las disposiciones de tratados vigentes en el mismo ámbito.", "50. En lo que respecta a la Convención sobre las Armas Químicas, en la declaración final de un seminario regional realizado recientemente en Santiago se señaló, entre otras cosas, la importancia, de asegurar la aplicabilidad universal de la Convención sobre las Armas Químicas y de lograr la operación efectiva y equilibrada de su régimen de verificación. Además, el Compromiso de Mendoza sobre la prohibición total y completa de las armas químicas y biológicas cuenta ya con un amplio respaldo a nivel regional. La Convención sobre la prohibición de utilizar técnicas de modificación ambiental con fines militares u otros fines hostiles sigue su tramitación ante la Cámara de Diputados de Chile para su ulterior ratificación.", "(Sr. Pizarro, Chile)", "51. La gran cantidad de respuestas recibidas por el Centro de Asuntos de Desarme relacionada con el Registro de Armamentos Convencionales es alentadora. Es importante continuar el perfeccionamiento de dicho Registro con el objeto de que constituya una verdadera medida de fomento de la confianza tanto a nivel bilateral como regional y mundial. Con ese propósito, su Gobierno no se limitó a informar solamente sobre las transferencias ocurridas en el año fiscal solicitado sino también sobre sus existencias, e indicó asimismo que estaba dispuesto a participar en las próximas reuniones de expertos gubernamentales sobre ese tema.", "52. Los problemas del desarme continúan vigentes y su relación con la seguridad internacional es más evidente que antes. El Gobierno de Chile observa con preocupación la falta de recursos humanos y materiales que afecta desde hace un tiempo a la Oficina de Asuntos de Desarme, situación que no se condice con la compleja y vasta tarea que queda aún por realizar.", "53. Uno de los principales problemas que se han descubierto desde el surgimiento del nuevo orden internacional es el de la seguridad humana, que escapa a las nociones tradicionales de seguridad. En muchos lugares del mundo, la pobreza es la principal causa de la inseguridad. En tal sentido el orador sugiere que la Comisión tenga presentes cuatro consideraciones durante sus deliberaciones. En primer lugar, que la seguridad de las personas es tanto o más importante que la seguridad del Estado. Segundo, que los problemas de seguridad de un país, de una región o de una zona geográfica pueden constituir un elemento de estabilidad que escapa a las fronteras donde aquella situación se produce. Tercero, una concepción moderna de la seguridad debe tener en cuenta los problemas económicos, sociales, ambientales y de otra índole. Por último, el fin de la guerra fría demuestra la necesidad de revitalizar conceptos que la confrontación ideológica nunca dejó prosperar, como el de las \"zonas de paz\". América Latina tiene una experiencia abundante en la materia, que demuestra la utilidad de dichas zonas como instancias de cooperación y entendimiento a la vez que de relajación de posibles tensiones militares.", "54. El desarme debe ser un proceso mundial que tome en cuenta las características propias de cada región y signifique una real mejoría de las condiciones de vida particularmente de los países en desarrollo. El orador cree que las Naciones Unidas son el foro apropiado para lograr los propósitos enunciados en su Carta. Por lo tanto, es esencial que no se desaproveche la oportunidad, quizás única en la historia, para lograr avances sustantivos en materia de desarme, paz y seguridad internacionales, que redunden en beneficio de las generaciones venideras.", "55. El Sr. MROZIEWICZ (Polonia) dice que desde 1989 el mundo ha sufrido cambios radicales que afectaron la propia esencia de la seguridad internacional. Si bien desde el fin de la guerra fría algunas fuentes de inestabilidad y conflictos regionales han dejado de existir y han surgido nuevas oportunidades de solucionar antiguas controversias, se han planteado otros conflictos que estaban latentes, alentados por un aumento de los sentimientos nacionalistas y aun xenófobos. Durante varios decenios la seguridad internacional dependió del equilibrio de las fuerzas militares, pero en la actualidad el papel del", "(Sr. Mroziewicz, Polonia)", "Consejo de Seguridad y la participación de las organizaciones regionales aumentaron considerablemente como medio político de garantizar la seguridad.", "56. Polonia goza de buenas relaciones con sus países vecinos mediante la cooperación con, entre otros, el grupo VISEGRAD y los Estados bálticos. También alienta el fortalecimiento de vínculos con los países de Europa occidental, los Estados Unidos y el Canadá; su incorporación a la Alianza del Atlántico del Norte y a la Comunidad Europea son algunas de las prioridades de la política exterior de Polonia.", "57. El desafío fundamental a que hace frente Europa en la actualidad es el establecimiento de un sistema que proporcione la misma seguridad a todos los países europeos. La Conferencia sobre la seguridad y la cooperación en Europa (CSCE) debe desempeñar un papel importante en tal sentido y puede constituir un foro para el arreglo de controversias y la prevención de conflictos. Si fuera necesario, la CSCE podría pedir la intervención de las alianzas militares pertinentes. Tendrían el doble papel de alianzas en el sentido del Artículo 51 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y de instituciones que desempeñan funciones panaeuropeas, papel éste al que Polonia asigna particular importancia.", "58. El TNP es uno de los elementos fundamentales de la seguridad internacional, y por consiguiente debería prorrogarse indefinidamente en la Conferencia de Examen de 1995. Las negociaciones constructivas sobre el CTBT en la Conferencia de Desarme de Ginebra promoverán el éxito de la Conferencia de Examen. Motivado por su adhesión a la no proliferación nuclear y con el apoyo del Grupo de Países de Europa Oriental, que todavía no ha ocupado la presidencia de una Conferencia de Examen de la TNP, Polonia tiene la intención de nombrar un candidato para dicha presidencia.", "59. La proliferación de materiales y tecnología para la producción de armas de destrucción en masa y las ventas clandestinas de dichos materiales y tecnología a las regiones de posibles conflictos representa un problema cada vez mayor para la paz y la seguridad internacionales y, por consiguiente, se le debería asignar un alto grado de prioridad en la agenda.", "60. El orador acoge con satisfacción la firma por unos 150 Estados de la Convención sobre la Prohibición del Desarrollo, la Producción, el Almacenamiento y el Empleo de Armas Químicas y sobre su Destrucción y destaca la urgente necesidad de asegurar la entrada en vigor oportuna de dicha Convención y de que los Estados signatarios cooperen con la Comisión Preparatoria para la Convención sobre la Prohibición de las Armas Químicas. Los Países Bajos, junto con el Canadá y Polonia, presentarán un proyecto de resolución sobre ese tema.", "61. Polonia acoge con beneplácito la creación, dentro del marco de la Conferencia de Desarme, de un Comité ad hoc sobre el establecimiento de la transparencia en materia de armamentos. El curso práctico regional organizado en 1993 en Polonia por el Centro de las Naciones Unidas de Asuntos de Desarme facilitó la participación de los Estados de la región en el Registro de las Naciones Unidas de Armamentos Convencionales, al que Polonia asigna gran importancia.", "(Sr. Mroziewicz, Polonia)", "62. Las nuevas realidades y las prioridades de desarme exigen un reajuste del mecanismo de desarme, incluidas medidas como la racionalización de la agenda de la Primera Comisión y la simplificación de su modus operandi, lo que reduciría el número de sus resoluciones y aumentaría su credibilidad. El orador acoge con satisfacción la decisión adoptada por la Conferencia de Desarme de centrar su atención en cuatro temas solamente en 1993, con el rápido establecimiento de los respectivos órganos subsidiarios ad hoc, pero lamenta el hecho de que no se haya llegado a un consenso sobre la muy importante cuestión del aumento de la composición de la Conferencia. Es esencial encontrar una solución de transacción en que tengan cabida las diferentes aspiraciones de los Estados que desean integrar la Conferencia sin menoscabar sus facultades de negociación.", "63. El Sr. CISSE (Senegal) dice que el optimismo creado por los cambios positivos en el contexto internacional y la participación cada vez mayor de la Organización en los esfuerzos de paz internacionales se ve atenuado por la preocupación ante el resurgimiento de conflictos armados. Sólo el desarme completo y universal permitirá la cooperación multilateral con el consiguiente desarrollo económico y social necesario para asegurar que esos conflictos se pueden superar.", "64. Por lo tanto, son motivo de satisfacción para el Senegal los importantes adelantos logrados en la esfera de desarme en 1993, incluida la firma de la Convención sobre la Prohibición del Desarrollo, la Producción, el Almacenamiento y el Empleo de Armas Químicas y sobre su Destrucción, y espera que pronto se finalicen las medidas necesarias para asegurar su entrada en vigor, lo que contribuirá a una eliminación sin precedentes en la historia de toda una categoría de armas de destrucción en masa.", "65. El Senegal también acoge con beneplácito la firma en 1993 por los Estados Unidos de América y la Federación de Rusia del Tratado START II y espera que los obstáculos que quedan para la ratificación del Protocolo de Lisboa se superen sin demora.", "66. El orador observa con preocupación que muchas cuestiones, en particular las relacionadas con los procedimientos, relativas a la Conferencia de Examen de 1995 sobre el Tratado de no proliferación siguen sin resolver, señala a la atención de los miembros, en particular, la cuestión de la presidencia de la Conferencia, y expresa el apoyo de su delegación a la candidatura del Embajador Dhamapala, presentada por el Movimiento de los Países No Alineados.", "67. En su carácter de Estado no poseedor de armas nucleares, el Senegal acoge con particular satisfacción la reciente decisión de confiar a la Comisión de Desarme la negociación de un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de ensayos nucleares, y está dispuesto a contribuir activamente a ese importante proyecto.", "68. En el plano regional, el Senegal también acogió con satisfacción el anuncio de Sudáfrica, que desmantelará sus armas nucleares. El orador destaca la necesidad de que el OIEA sea plenamente notificado del inventario de materiales nucleares resultantes de ese proceso de desmantelamiento y en general de todo", "(Sr. Cisse, Senegal)", "otro material nuclear que se coloque bajo control total de Africa o se transfiera de allí, con miras a asegurar la desnuclearización del continente africano.", "69. En la región de Asia, el Senegal acoge con beneplácito la declaración conjunta de la República Popular Democrática de Corea y los Estados Unidos de América sobre los esfuerzos por lograr una desnuclearización de la península de Corea y la decisión de la República Popular Democrática de Corea de suspender su retiro del TNP y seguir celebrando negociaciones con el OIEA.", "70. A pesar de los progresos logrados en la reducción y el control de ciertas categorías de armas de destrucción en masa, el precario equilibrio político, económico y social en que se encuentra el mundo se ve cada vez más amenazado por la creciente acumulación de armas convencionales en ciertas regiones vulnerables. Por lo tanto, su delegación acoge con satisfacción el establecimiento del registro de las Naciones Unidas de Armamentos Convencionales y espera que las deliberaciones actuales contribuyan a una mayor transparencia en esa esfera.", "71. Los esfuerzos realizados por la Organización para promover el desarme y la regulación de las armas sólo podrán tener éxito con el apoyo de todos los Estados miembros, en particular las principales Potencias, con sus formidables arsenales militares. Los esfuerzos por construir un mundo de paz y seguridad también exigen la lucha contra el hambre, la pobreza y la enfermedad. Se ha de prestar atención a esos factores, que pueden convertirse en amenazas más graves para la paz y la seguridad internacionales que las que plantean los arsenales militares.", "72. El Sr. PERRI (Brasil) dice que, a pesar de los acontecimientos positivos ocurridos en el mundo después de la guerra fría, como el reciente acuerdo entre Israel y Palestina y el desmantelamiento del apartheid, han surgido nuevos conflictos y han reaparecido antiguos, con lo cual el mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales es mucho más complejo que lo que se había previsto al final de una etapa dominada por las confrontaciones ideológicas. Por lo tanto, la diplomacia preventiva reviste particular importancia, ya que la consolidación de la paz mediante la promoción de un orden internacional justo y equitativo es la mejor diplomacia en un mundo en el que todavía persisten los desequilibrios políticos, militares y económicos.", "73. Como lo destacó el Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores del Brasil en su declaración a la Asamblea General, la agenda internacional está estructurada, lo mismo que antes, en torno a la democracia, el desarrollo y el desarme, con ramificaciones en las esferas de los derechos humanos, el medio ambiente y la seguridad internacional. Esos tres elementos constituyen la base necesaria para la paz en el nuevo orden internacional que la Organización está procurando crear.", "74. Entre algunas iniciativas alentadoras recientes, el orador acoge con satisfacción la firma del Tratado START II y los planes de los Estados Unidos de prohibir la producción de materiales fisionables. Una situación internacional más pacífica ha dado la oportunidad de reducir los presupuestos militares y de", "(Sr. Perri, Brasil)", "convertir las industrias militares para utilizarlas con fines civiles. El Brasil espera que los recursos liberados en ese proceso estimulen el desarrollo económico y social, en particular para beneficio de los países en desarrollo y, en ese contexto, acoge con satisfacción la propuesta de que la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo (UNCTAD) coordine el establecimiento de un grupo de trabajo interdepartamental de las Naciones Unidas sobre la conversión.", "75. En el plano multilateral, el Brasil tomó nota con satisfacción de la firma de la Convención sobre las Armas Químicas por 150 países y exhorta a los países restantes a que también la firmen. Además, el Brasil acoge con beneplácito los adelantos logrados en las esferas de la verificación de las armas biológicas, el control de las armas convencionales y la prohibición de ensayos nucleares. Exhorta a los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares a que no reanuden los ensayos y a que perseveren en sus esfuerzos por lograr un tratado multilateralmente convenido e internacionalmente verificable de prohibición total de los ensayos nucleares, en particular puesto que la cesación de los ensayos nucleares es esencial para detener la proliferación vertical. El adelanto alcanzado en la no proliferación horizontal se podría perjudicar si no se pusiera fin a la proliferación vertical.", "76. El orador espera que las negociaciones sobre la ampliación de la composición de la Conferencia de Desarme se concluyan con éxito, satisfaciendo así la necesidad de democratizar aún más la Conferencia sin afectar su eficiencia.", "77. El orador destaca la necesidad de finalizar los trabajos en el próximo período de sesiones de la Conferencia de Desarme sobre los temas de la agenda restantes y señala a la atención de los miembros el interés especial que tiene el Brasil en promover las deliberaciones sobre el tema relacionado con la ciencia y la tecnología, ya que cree que el consenso entre los países proveedores y receptores sobre las directrices y recomendaciones propuestas revestirá una importancia crucial en el fortalecimiento de la seguridad internacional y promoverá el desarrollo económico y social. La adhesión universal a la utilización y transferencia de tecnología de alto nivel exclusivamente con fines pacíficos contribuirá a un orden internacional más pacífico y próspero.", "78. El orador encomia los logros notables en la esfera del desarme alcanzados por órganos de las Naciones Unidas como la Oficina (ahora Centro) de Asuntos de Desarme, los Centros de Desarme Regionales, el Instituto de las Naciones Unidas, Investigación sobre el Desarme y la Junta Consultiva en Asuntos de Desarme. Sin embargo, la continua existencia de arsenales nucleares todavía representa una amenaza para la paz y la seguridad. En tal sentido, el orador expresa su preocupación por la precaria situación que existe en algunas regiones de la ex Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas creada por el emplazamiento de armas estratégicas nucleares.", "(Sr. Perri, Brasil)", "79. Tras la adopción de diversos instrumentos internacionales por el Brasil y otros países de la región, América Latina está próxima a convertirse en una región en que las armas nucleares estarán definitivamente prohibidas. El orador espera que el Tratado de Tlatelolco, recientemente aprobado por el Gobierno del Brasil, sea adoptado por otros países de la región y entre plenamente en vigor a fines de 1993.", "Se levanta la sesión a las 13.10 horas." ]	[ "[]", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "3rd meeting", "held on", "Monday, 18 October 1993", "at 10 a.m.", "New York", "SUMMARY RECORD OF THE 3rd MEETING", "Chairman: Mr. von WAGNER (Germany)", "CONTENTS", "STATEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN", "STATEMENT BY THE UNDER-SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS", "GENERAL DEBATE ON ALL DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AGENDA ITEMS", "The meeting was called to order at 10.20 a.m.", "STATEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN", "1. The CHAIRMAN said that the \"disarmament agenda\" of previous sessions would remain crucial in relation to many pressing questions. The remarkable political developments of the recent past would help the Committee move towards consensus on hitherto untractable issues. The Committee should endeavour to merge resolutions which dealt with the same topic whenever political changes offered an opportunity to do so. The delegations involved needed to display sufficient flexibility and political will to compromise. The Committee might also wish to cluster the traditional topics of its work and the respective resolutions under so-called \"head items\". Delegations should also consider whether their resolutions still corresponded to the changed political climate after the end of the East-West confrontation.", "2. The Committee might do well to narrow its focus with regard to the traditional disarmament agenda and, at the same time, widen it to comprise broader issues of peace and security. In view of the changes that had been taking place in the world, and the troubling new trends which threatened peace and security, the Committee should consider whether the arms control agenda comprehensively reflected its responsibilities and whether streamlining and rationalization were the only means to revitalize its work. Fewer resolutions on disarmament might signal a decline in the Committee's importance if such reduction was not accompanied by the opening up of other avenues for meaningful political activities. The Committee would not be giving the right signal to Governments, the public and public opinion makers if it simply reduced its workload at a time when military conflicts were flaring and means to prevent or contain them were desperately being sought.", "3. The Committee's new name seemed to imply that the Committee was not intended to be a forum that focused exclusively on arms control questions. The Secretary-General had suggested that there was a need for the practical integration of disarmament and arms regulation issues into the broader structure of the international peace and security agenda. At the same time, however, the Committee had to keep in mind the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations which circumscribed the scope for action by the General Assembly and its committees. However, notwithstanding Article 12 of the Charter, the Committee could, within the framework of its general responsibilities, make recommendations with regard to a dispute or situation which was not before the Security Council. The Committee could also formulate recommendations, guidelines or general principles relating to international peace and security with a view to promoting a deeper understanding of the concepts of preventive diplomacy, confidence-building and post-conflict peace‑preserving measures. By putting the traditional disarmament agenda into the broader context of security concerns, emerging conflicts and risks to peace, the Committee might be in a better position to narrow it down to those items which were of paramount interest.", "STATEMENT BY THE UNDER-SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS", "4. Mr. GOULDING (Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs) recalled that in his report entitled \"New dimensions of arms regulation and disarmament in the post-cold war era\" (A/C.1/47/7), the Secretary-General had argued that disarmament should be integrated into the broader structure of international peace and security rather than be pursued in isolation. There were considerable opportunities for progress in the field of disarmament. The 1995 Conference of the States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) provided an important opportunity for an internationally agreed response to the concerns about the danger of proliferation of nuclear weapons. His Department had redeployed staff to provide the necessary input for the successful preparation of the Conference.", "5. The decision by the Conference on Disarmament to give its Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban a mandate to begin substantive negotiations for a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty at the beginning of 1994 showed that a new commitment was being made to realize that long-standing objective, especially on the part of the nuclear-weapon States. The successful completion of the negotiations on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction was an example of the work that could be done by the Conference on Disarmament with the participation of all sectors of the international community. That Convention would be the first multilateral instrument with comprehensive provisions for implementation which would apply equally to all parties. New commitments to negotiate a workable verification system for the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction were also important, as had been recognized at the Third Review Conference.", "6. There were signs of a new level of seriousness in tackling the difficult problems of the post-cold-war world. Solid work for cooperation and confidence‑building had been undertaken in a number of regions; the strengthening of regional cooperation systems to include security issues provided a form of preventive diplomacy based on transparency. The Committee had an important role in encouraging those processes.", "7. The proliferation of conventional weapons was one of the most ghastly legacies of the cold war. In his previous capacity as Under-Secretary-General for Peace-keeping Operations, he had been vividly aware of the extent to which conflict control and resolution in many parts of the world were complicated by the vast quantities of weapons which had been injected into those areas over the past two decades. Concerted action, primarily by Governments in their own territories, was needed to mop up the huge quantities of weapons which were in the hands of political groups or private individuals. The establishment of the new United Nations Register of Conventional Arms was an important step in creating greater openness and transparency in military matters. The indiscriminate use of landmines was another issue which required the urgent and decisive attention of the international community.", "8. In order to respond to these opportunities and challenges, the Secretary-General had decided to rename the Office for Disarmament Affairs the \"Centre for", "(Mr. Goulding)", "Disarmament Affairs\" and to keep it in New York as an integral part of the Department of Political Affairs. With the agreement of the General Assembly, the staff would be brought back to its earlier strength with the proposed addition of three posts, primarily in connection with the work on the Register of Conventional Arms. The Secretary-General had instructed the Office to consider how confidence-building measures, verification and other techniques which had been developed and tested in the field of arms control and disarmament could be further developed and used as instruments of preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and post-conflict peace-building, with the consent of the Governments concerned. In that connection, the Centre had an advantage in that quite a few staff members had served in peace-keeping missions in recent months, bringing valuable experience from the field.", "9. The Conference on Disarmament remained the principal forum for the negotiation of international agreements on arms control and disarmament. In view of the resignation of Mr. Bérasatégui, Secretary-General of the Conference, the Secretary-General had appointed Mr. Vladimir Petrovsky, Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva, to be the Secretary-General of the Conference and to act as his Personal Representative to it, on an interim basis, with effect from 5 December 1993. Mr. Petrovsky would carry out those functions concurrently with his functions as Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva.", "10. The work of the Centre's three regional centres was currently being re‑examined in the light of the new opportunities for progress on a regional basis. The role of the centres might have to be redefined to ensure that their activities had an impact in the regions they served and formed an effective part of the Secretariat's response to the opportunities and challenges it faced.", "GENERAL DEBATE ON ALL DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AGENDA ITEMS", "11. Mr. MARIN-BOSCH (Mexico) said that for some time, the Conference on Disarmament had been feeling the impact of the rapid changes in the international situation; for the second consecutive year, its report to the General Assembly contained concrete results. The decision to undertake the long‑postponed negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear test ban would be a turning-point in the international community's efforts to stop and reverse nuclear proliferation in all its aspects. That decision had been possible, in large part, because of the change in position of the new United States Administration with regard to a comprehensive nuclear test ban. Unfortunately, it had not been possible to reach agreement on enlarging the composition of the Conference in 1993 because of a solitary negative voice. It was to be hoped that the country concerned would reconsider its position.", "12. Washington and Moscow were beginning to reverse the nuclear‑arms race, with the signing of the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START), the Lisbon Protocol and the START II Treaty. Just as the nuclear-arms race had a dynamic of its own, promoted by the interests of the military and industrial complexes, the process of reducing those arsenals had its own dynamic which would demand ever larger reductions of nuclear weapons.", "(Mr. Marin‑Bosch, Mexico)", "However, in 10 years, when the provisions of the START treaties were fully implemented, the strategic nuclear arsenals of the United States of America and Russia would still be larger than those of the late 1960s when the Non‑Proliferation Treaty had been signed. Moreover, the world was flooded with tens of thousands of nuclear weapons and the international community had yet to agree on a clearly defined path with regard to those weapons of mass destruction.", "13. Where nuclear testing was concerned, it had been possible to hope that the nuclear-weapon States would show restraint, thus benefiting the forthcoming negotiations on the subject. However, on 5 October 1993, China had broken the de facto test moratorium, and in the capitals of other nuclear-weapon States the debate had been reopened regarding the continuation of nuclear testing. That would have negative repercussions on the Geneva Conference on Disarmament. The resumption of testing had already had immediate political consequences, and could affect directly the dialogue on nuclear non-proliferation. The nuclear-weapon States would have little authority to demand from others what they themselves were unwilling to do, and to conduct a few tests, small or very large, before closing the door definitively to others did not seem a very serious pattern of behaviour. The question arose of whether the nuclear-weapon States enjoyed special privileges. As NPT Parties, the five had undertaken to continue negotiations \"to seek to achieve the discontinuation of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time\", as the text of the Partial Test-Ban Treaty (PTBT) put it. Moreover, article VI of the NPT stated that each of the Parties to the Treaty undertook to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear‑arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, and a comprehensive test ban was the key to that \"cessation of the nuclear arms race\".", "14. Thirty years ago Mexico, like other members of the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament (ENDC), had pointed out that the PTBT represented a \"first step\" towards the complete prohibition of nuclear tests and towards general and complete disarmament under effective international control, while on signing the PTBT, the United States Secretary of State had stated that history would eventually record how the world dealt with the unfinished business of peace. Over three long decades the \"business of peace\" had remained unfinished. It was true that in the 1970s there had been attempts to negotiate a Comprehensive Test‑Ban Treaty (CTBT), but that opportunity, and others, had been squandered. Hence the initiative taken by several countries, including his own, to seek a comprehensive test ban by amending the PTBT. That process continued, and in August 1993 important advances had been achieved during the consultations held in New York by the President of the Amendment Conference. It had been agreed that the PTBT amendment process complemented other efforts and offered obvious advantages in certain areas over other approaches. In the meantime the Conference on Disarmament had decided to negotiate a CTBT beginning in January of 1994.", "15. But the road between the Conference's decision and the CTBT negotiation itself was proving somewhat difficult. During the past week, differences had begun to emerge in Geneva as to how best to utilize the time between October and", "(Mr. Marin‑Bosch, Mexico)", "January. Obviously some nuclear Powers wanted a rather slow pace, whereas the majority of the Conference members preferred a faster one. The members of the Group of 21 had even suggested that the Conference set 1994 as the target date for the conclusion of a CTBT.", "16. Given the Conference's decision to undertake negotiations in January, it was obviously important to translate that political agreement at once into one on paper. To that end, an effort must be made to find compromise formulas ensuring an expeditious negotiation, and members of the Conference should therefore begin at once the discussion of the two main aspects of the future CTBT: the scope of the prohibition and its verification system. However, rapid enough progress would certainly not be made if there was insistence on delaying the negotiations or conducting more nuclear tests.", "17. The NPT prohibited its non-nuclear-weapon Parties from acquiring nuclear weapons and therefore from carrying out nuclear tests. But several dozen countries had not yet adhered to the NPT. Would they and the rest of the international community accept the establishment of a kind of testing quota for each of the nuclear-weapon States before the CTBT's entry into force?", "18. The five nuclear-weapon States had said that they were ready to conclude a CTBT. But their motives were not necessarily identical, because of the different levels of nuclear development involved. Nevertheless, all appreciated, to varying degrees, the advantages that a CTBT would have in strengthening the horizontal non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Some even saw it as a step to ensure vertical non-proliferation, and thus as paving the way towards nuclear disarmament.", "19. That point opened up an area of fundamental importance. To speak of the five nuclear-weapon States was to make a formal distinction, based on the NPT and on a merely chronological consideration. But other considerations led to a different approach. For example, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine had nuclear weapons but had never tested; South Africa had had six devices without testing them and now said that it no longer had them; India had had at least one; it was generally assumed that Israel had nuclear weapons, while it was believed that there were other countries that also had them. Nevertheless, the international community remained attached to the NPT and its somewhat archaic definitions. The fact was that, in the 1990s, of the lines between nuclear-weapon States and some non-nuclear‑weapon States were becoming blurred, with some of the latter importing large quantities of plutonium for their advanced civilian nuclear industry. Those and other highly industrialized countries were \"potential nuclear-weapon States\", since they could produce a nuclear device in a matter of months or weeks. Then there were the so-called nuclear \"threshold States\", countries that had significant nuclear programmes but were not parties to the NPT. And now there was a third category of non-NPT countries, the \"temporary nuclear-weapon States\" including Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and South Africa.", "20. The foregoing were some of the questions which the NPT Parties should examine during the preparatory process of the 1995 Review and Extension Conference. Another question was what had happened in Iraq, a party to the NPT, and why. United Nations and IAEA inspectors had found an impressive amount of", "(Mr. Marin‑Bosch, Mexico)", "material in Iraq betraying an ambitious nuclear programme: it seemed impossible that for years, especially in the 1980s, so-called \"sensitive\" material had been exported in such quantities without any of the exporting States (all of them NPT Parties) suspecting that the Iraqis were building something? The question also arose of the impact on the future of the NPT non-proliferation regime of the recent case of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.", "21. The Chemical Weapons Convention attempted to remedy those rather confusing situations regarding the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The Convention required each Party to declare, once it entered into force, whether it possessed chemical weapons, whether there were such weapons on its territory, whether it had transferred or received them since 1 January 1946, and whether there were or had been chemical weapon facilities on its territory. Therein lay the key to the CWC's uniform regime for all parties. In relation to chemical, and also biological, weapons, there was nothing resembling the \"caste society\" that existed in the nuclear field, and there, too, have to disappear if a genuine, universal and equitable nuclear non-proliferation regime was to be built. Nuclear-weapon States (and some others) could not continue to demand a right to observe others' nuclear installations, whether unilaterally or through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). That was certainly not conducive to the climate of confidence or openness so often required of other countries with regard to other weapons and weapons systems.", "22. The international community in general and the five nuclear-weapon States in particular now had an opportunity to move forward decisively in the field of nuclear disarmament. The preparatory process of the 1995 NPT review and extension conference offered the best vehicle to undertake a frank dialogue on the future nuclear non-proliferation regime.", "23. The question of the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in all its aspects and of ballistic missiles was gaining increasing importance. His delegation believed that the time had come to request the Geneva Conference to undertake a more intense and formal examination of that subject, and that it merited consideration in the different multilateral disarmament forums, including the United Nations Disarmament Commission. The Secretary-General should prepare, with the help of a small group of governmental experts, a brief study on the question, which was of vital importance to the international community. His delegation intended to explore with other interested delegations the possibility of submitting a draft resolution in that regard.", "24. Mr. ZAHRAN (Egypt), speaking as President of the Conference on Disarmament, introduced the annual report of the Conference on its work during the 1993 session (A/48/27). The current report did not, as had been the case in 1992, transmit an international instrument for consideration by the General Assembly, but the Conference had, however, worked very hard on a number of substantive and organizational matters, thus advancing its consideration of issues of vital importance for international peace and security. In particular, on 10 August 1993 the Conference had decided, inter alia, to give its Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban a mandate to negotiate a CTB, with consultations being held between 3 September 1993 and 17 January 1994 on the specific mandate for, and organization of, the negotiations. Thus, for the first time since the", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water of 5 August 1963, the multilateral negotiating forum of the international community was proceeding to the negotiation of a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty. That long-sought objective of the international community seemed now to be closer than ever before. The forthcoming negotiation on an item to which the General Assembly had assigned the highest priority since the conclusion of the PTBT implied a political commitment which would require the necessary Secretariat resources to ensure that the negotiations received support.", "25. With regard to the composition of the Conference, the Special Coordinator for membership had conducted detailed consultations before submitting his report, which appeared in paragraphs 13 and 14 of the annual report. As noted in paragraph 15, many members and non‑members had made statements on the subject, but no conclusion had been reached before the end of the annual session. The President had accordingly been mandated to continue consultations to achieve consensus during the intersessional period. He had started those consultations, and intended to continue them until the beginning of the 1994 session. While difficulties remained, members were fully conscious of the need to expand the multilateral disarmament negotiating forum. That common ground would be helpful in achieving the expansion of the Conference.", "26. With respect to the Conference's methods of work, informal open‑ended consultations had been held, and the discussions and their results were reflected in paragraphs 19 and 20 of the annual report. The shorter report the Conference was submitting to the Assembly's current session was the result of the review undertaken on its improved and effective functioning.", "27. The activities of the four ad hoc committees set up by the Conference during the 1993 annual session deserved to be highlighted. The Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban had made progress in its consideration of various issues of importance to the agenda item, and had also reviewed aspects relating to structure and scope, as well as verification and compliance. There had been general recognition that in order to ensure compliance with a future CTBT, an effective internationally applicable verification system would be required. Preliminary work had also been started, for the first time in the history of the Conference, on non-seismic means of verification. It was widely recognized in the Conference that the adoption of a decision to give the Ad Hoc Committee a negotiating mandate was a major turning‑point for multilateral work towards a CTBT.", "28. The Ad Hoc Committee on Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space had considered various areas relating to its future work, and had also expressed its appreciation of the organization by the Friends of the Chairman of open-ended consultations on the issues of CBMs, terminology and legal aspects related to the prevention of an arms race in outer space. There had been wide agreement that the conclusion of an international agreement or agreements to prevent such an arms race remained the Committee's fundamental task and that the proposals on CBMs could form an integral part of those agreements. It had been recommended that at the beginning of the 1994 session, the Conference on Disarmament re‑establish the Ad Hoc Committee on Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space with an appropriate mandate to continue substantive work on all the issues before it.", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "29. The Ad Hoc Committee on Effective International Arrangements to Assure Non‑Nuclear-Weapon States against the Use or Threat of Use of Nuclear Weapons, continuing its review of that important subject, had expressed the view that there was a need to step up efforts in the light of recent transformations in the international political climate. Accordingly, it had agreed to recommend that the Ad Hoc Committee should be re‑established at the beginning of the 1994 session.", "30. In 1993, the Conference had for the first time established the Ad Hoc Committee on Transparency in Armaments. At its first session, the Committee had covered a great amount of new ground, including a substantive exchange of views on a number of complex issues surrounding that subject. It had discussed excessive and destabilizing accumulation of arms, military holdings and procurement through national production, and arms transfers and transfers of high technology with military applications, as well as weapons of mass destruction. Eighteen working papers had been submitted to it, several of them containing concrete proposals. Although agreement had not been reached on them, delegations had concurred that many of the issues they dealt with worked to promote trust, confidence-building and stability. The Ad Hoc committee had therefore recommended that it be re‑established at the beginning of the 1994 session of the Conference.", "31. The work of the Conference in 1993 had continued a positive trend which had started the year before with the landmark agreement on the convention prohibiting all chemical weapons. New ideas and common ground were emerging as international cooperation replaced the confrontations of the Cold War. The decision to begin negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty was one of the outstanding developments in the post-Cold War period. While the negotiations would certainly not be easy and a number of sensitive questions would have to be addressed, he was confident that the Conference would be able to discharge its heavy responsibilities as the international disarmament negotiating body of the international community.", "32. Mr. O'SULLIVAN (Australia) said that three significant events had taken place since the Committee had last met. First, the Convention on Chemical Weapons had been completed, opened for signature and had attracted widespread international support. The Provisional Technical Secretariat set up in that connection was a fine example of multilateral cooperation; its activities were already well under way, which augured well for the effective implementation of the Treaty. He urged all signatory States to take the necessary steps so as to ensure the earliest possible implementation of the Convention. Likewise, he appealed to non‑signatory States to reconsider their position with a view to ensuring the universal application of the global ban on chemical weapons.", "33. Second, the important decision by the Conference on Disarmament to commence negotiations on a CTBT heralded a new and long-awaited era in international disarmament negotiations. The Treaty would serve the dual purpose of inhibiting the production of new generations of nuclear weapons as well as enhancing the nuclear non-proliferation regime. Australia was confident that the bulk of the work on the Treaty could be completed in time for the NPT review conference in April 1995. However, it was important that work on the political, legal and", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "verification aspects of the Treaty should proceed in parallel and should be mutually reinforcing. Australia was willing to consider the possibility of allowing additional time for negotiations at the 1994 session of the Conference on Disarmament. In view of the progress made towards the start of negotiations on a treaty, the recent decision of China to violate the de facto moratorium on nuclear testing which had been observed for more than a year was indeed regrettable.", "34. Australia hoped for greater unilateral assurances of security in the form of a joint declaration or other binding statement by States which had retained nuclear weapons that they would not use them against countries which had undertaken a commitment to non-proliferation. Together with the CTBT, such action would greatly facilitate the review and extension of NPT.", "35. The extension of the NPT at the 1995 Review Conference was essential not least to provide a secure legal basis for international cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Australia, like many other countries, was in favour of the indefinite extension of the Treaty and would continue to participate actively in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference.", "36. The end of the cold war era had provided both challenges to the nuclear non-proliferation regime and opportunities to strengthen it. Anxious about the proliferation of nuclear weapons in South Asia, his country would welcome a more active dialogue on nuclear matters between India and Pakistan. Likewise, Ukraine and Kazakhstan should be encouraged to fulfil their obligations under the Lisbon Protocol to START I and accede to the NPT as non-nuclear‑weapon States, following the example of Belarus.", "37. Australia also welcomed South Africa's cooperation with IAEA since its accession to NPT, and in particular its policy of full transparency regarding its nuclear activities. However, the continued failure of Iraq and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to comply with the IAEA safeguard obligations remained a matter of deep concern.", "38. Australia fully supported efforts undertaken since the Gulf War to strengthen the effectiveness and transparency of the IAEA safeguards system, as well as the work of the Standing Advisory Group on Safeguards Implementation (SAGSI), and encouraged other countries to do likewise. With regard to the latter, he stressed the importance of the effective implementation of safeguards agreements for the prevention of clandestine nuclear activities and the promotion of confidence in the NPT-based non-proliferation regime.", "39. The tightening of nuclear-use export controls and strengthening of nuclear supplier arrangements would also underscore the non-proliferation objectives of the NPT. Furthermore, regional non-proliferation arrangements such as the treaties of Tlatelolco in Latin America and Rarotonga in the South Pacific complemented the international non-proliferation regime based on the NPT. Steps towards the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones in the other regions would not only forge a more positive attitude towards non-proliferation arrangements in those regions but also encourage regional support for the NPT in the lead-up to the 1995 conference.", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "40. Australia looked forward to participating in the coming years in negotiations for an end to the production of fissionable material and for multilateral non-discriminatory controls on the purchase of destabilizing missile systems, particularly those used for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction.", "41. The risk posed by the proliferation of biological weapons had tended to be underestimated as a potential threat to international security. Australia had long been concerned that the effectiveness of the only global instrument for the abolition of such weapons - the Biological Weapons Convention - was limited by the absence of mechanisms to verify compliance with the obligations under the Convention. It therefore welcomed the report of the Ad Hoc Group of Governmental Experts which concluded that verification measures would enhance the effective implementation of the Convention, and also provided a sound technical basis for developing the verification mechanism required. In that connection Australia supported the convening of a special conference for that purpose, and suggested that other States parties should do likewise by notifying one of the depositary countries without delay.", "42. Since the end of the cold war, the Committee had been able to address more effectively the issue of regional security, as well as to encourage arms control and security and confidence-building measures in particular regions. Progress had been made in his region with the ASEAN countries taking a leading role in establishing a dialogue on security in the wider Asia Pacific region by setting up the ASEAN Regional Forum. Australia had also participated in the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group co-sponsored by the United States of America and Russia, and looked forward to further developments in that area.", "43. As to military transparency particularly in regard to armaments, he noted with satisfaction that many countries had already sent their replies to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms. He looked forward to participating actively during the General Assembly and the Conference on Disarmament in the future development of global transparency mechanisms and arms acquisition guidelines. Another important matter which must be addressed in the near future was the need for more effective rules governing the use of land mines which called for a review of the Convention on Inhumane Weapons.", "44. In conclusion, he recalled that he had been entrusted with the task of looking into how to expand the Conference on Disarmament so that it could perform its duties more effectively. Following extensive informal consultations, he had proposed to the Conference a compromise solution on which it had regrettably been unable to reach agreement. None the less, he was confident that, with the assistance of the President of the Conference, a solution could be found which would meet with general approval.", "45. Mr. PIZARRO (Chile) said that despite the end of the cold war, important work still had to be done in the field of disarmament. His Government deplored the recent violation by China of the voluntary moratorium on nuclear testing, which had prompted the other nuclear Powers to reconsider their commitments in that respect.", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "46. One matter of particular concern was the extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. While Chile endorsed the purpose of the Treaty, it continued to view it as a discriminatory instrument, believing that the inequality of rights and obligations between nuclear-weapon States and non‑nuclear‑weapon States had largely been responsible for the greater proliferation of such weapons. None the less the Chilean Government had reconsidered its position on the NPT in the hope that the parties would also be more flexible and allow the participation of observers in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference. It was important to take advantage of the opportunity afforded by the current political climate for the unrestricted discussion of the nuclear non-proliferation regime.", "47. A further cause for concern was the lack of agreement on the question of expanding the Conference on Disarmament. He urged the parties concerned to intensify their consultations with a view to resolving the remaining difficulties regarding the proposal by the representative of Australia, which his country regarded as a viable alternative.", "48. As it approached its fiftieth anniversary, the United Nations must take up the challenge of becoming a true catalyst of international peace and security. In that connection, he endorsed the proposals for rationalizing the work and revising the agenda of the Committee. The aim should be for the Committee to issue more binding norms which would effectively strengthen international peace and security.", "49. The Latin American and Caribbean region was firmly committed to the cause of disarmament, as borne out by the political will of Argentina, Brazil and Chile to ensure implementation of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, not to mention the agreements on nuclear matters between Argentina and Brazil, whose provisions went beyond those of comparable agreements.", "50. With regard to the Convention on Chemical Weapons, the final declaration of a regional seminar held recently in Santiago drew attention, inter alia, to the importance of ensuring the universal applicability of the Convention as well as the effective and balanced operations of its verification regime. Furthermore, the Mendoza Accord on the total ban of chemical and biological weapons had already attracted broad support at the regional level. The Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD) was currently before the Chilean Chamber of Deputies for ratification.", "51. The large number of replies received by the Centre for Disarmament Affairs in connection with the Register of Conventional Arms was encouraging. It was important to improve the Register with a view to making it a real means of promoting confidence at bilateral, regional and global levels. To that end his Government had not only reported on transfers but also on its stocks and indicated its willingness to participate in forthcoming meetings of governmental experts on the subject.", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "52. Disarmament problems remained urgent, and their relationship to international security was more evident than in the past. His Government was concerned that the human and material resources allocated to the Office of Disarmament Affairs no longer met its requirements.", "53. One of the main problems which had come to the fore since the emergence of a new international order was that of human security, which went beyond traditional notions of security and was determined in many parts of the world by poverty. In that connection he suggested that the Committee should bear four considerations in mind during its discussions. First, the security of individuals was now as important as, if not more important than, security of the State. Second, security problems in one country, region or geographical area could become a source of instability that extended beyond the frontiers of the area in question. Third, a modern concept of security must take account of economic, social, environmental and other problems. Lastly, the ending of the cold war had provided an opportunity to resurrect concepts formerly thwarted by ideological confrontation such as \"zones of peace\". There had been ample proof in Latin America that such zones were a useful means of promoting cooperation and understanding as well as easing potential military tensions.", "54. Disarmament must be a world-wide process which, taking due account of the characteristics of each region, should bring about real improvements in the living conditions of people in the developing countries. He believed the United Nations was the appropriate forum to achieve those aims as laid down in its Charter. It was therefore essential not to miss the unique opportunity afforded by the current political climate to achieve substantial progress in international disarmament, peace and security which would benefit generations to come.", "55. Mr. MROZIEWICZ (Poland) said that since 1989, the international arena had undergone radical changes which had affected the very essence of international security. While since the end of the cold war some sources of instability and regional conflicts had ceased to exist and new opportunities emerged to settle old disputes, other dormant conflicts had come to life, fuelled by an increase in nationalist and even xenophobic sentiments. For decades international security had hinged on the balance of military forces, but now the role of the Security Council and the involvement of regional organizations had considerably increased as the political means of guaranteeing security had come to the fore.", "56. Poland enjoyed good relations with its neighbouring countries through cooperation with inter alia the VISEGRAD Group and the Baltic States. It also encouraged the strengthening of ties with the countries of Western Europe, the United States of America and Canada; joining the north Atlantic Alliance and the European Community were among the priorities of Polish foreign policy.", "57. The fundamental challenge facing Europe at present was the establishment of a system which would provide equal security for all European countries. The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) had an important role to play in that regard and could constitute a forum for the settlement of disputes and prevention of conflicts. If necessary, the CSCE might request the intervention of the relevant military alliances. They would have the dual role", "(Mr. Mroziewicz, Poland)", "of alliances in the sense of Article 51 of the United Nations Charter and of institutions exercising Pan-European responsibilities, a role to which Poland attached particular importance.", "58. The NTP was a major pillar of international security, and should therefore be indefinitely extended at the 1995 review conference. The success of that Conference would be promoted by constructive negotiations on the CTBT at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva. Motivated by its commitment to nuclear non-proliferation and with the support of the Eastern European Group, which had not yet held the presidency of an NPT review conference, Poland intended to nominate a candidate for that presidency.", "59. The proliferation of materials and technologies for the production of weapons of mass destruction and the clandestine sales of such materials and technologies to regions of potential conflict posed an increasing challenge to international peace and security, and should therefore remain high on the agenda.", "60. Welcoming the signing by some 150 States of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, he stressed the urgent need to ensure the timely entry into force of that Convention and cooperation by signatory States with the Preparatory Commission for the Organization on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. The Netherlands, together with Canada and Poland, would submit a draft resolution on that issue.", "61. Poland welcomed the establishment, within the framework of the Conference on Disarmament, of an Ad Hoc Committee on the establishment of Transparency in Armaments. The regional workshop organized earlier in 1993 in Poland by the United Nations Centre for Disarmament Affairs had facilitated participation by States from the region in the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, to which Poland attached great importance.", "62. New realities and disarmament priorities necessitated an overhaul of the disarmament machinery, including such measures as rationalizing the agenda of the First Committee and streamlining its modus operandi, thus reducing the number, and enhancing the credibility, of its resolutions. He welcomed the decision by the Conference on Disarmament to focus on four items only in 1993, with the prompt establishment of the respective ad hoc subsidiary bodies, but regretted the failure to reach consensus on the vital issue of the expansion of the Conference's membership. It was essential to find a compromise solution which accommodated the different aspirations of States seeking membership of the Conference without undermining its negotiating strength.", "63. Mr. CISSE (Senegal) said that the optimism generated by positive changes in the international context and the increasing involvement of the Organization in international peace efforts was tempered by concerns at the resurgence of armed conflicts. Only complete and universal disarmament would make possible the multilateral cooperation, and consequent economic and social development, necessary to ensure that those conflicts could be overcome.", "(Mr. Cisse, Senegal)", "64. Senegal was therefore encouraged by the significant progress made in the area of disarmament during 1993, including the signing of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and hoped that the necessary steps would soon be completed to ensure its entry into force, which would lead to the historically unprecedented elimination of an entire category of weapons of mass destruction.", "65. Senegal also welcomed the signing in 1993 by the United States of America and the Russian Federation of START II, and hoped that the remaining obstacles to the ratification of the Lisbon Protocol would be overcome without delay.", "66. He noted with concern that many issues, particularly those concerning procedure, relating to the 1995 Review Conference on the Non-Proliferation Treaty remained unresolved, and drew attention, in particular, to the question of the presidency of the Conference, signalling his delegation's support for the candidature of Ambassador Dhamapala, put forward by the Non-Aligned Movement.", "67. As a non-nuclear State, Senegal particularly welcomed the recent decision to entrust the Disarmament Commission with the negotiation of a complete test‑ban treaty, and pledged its readiness to contribute actively to that important project.", "68. At the regional level, Senegal had welcomed South Africa's announcement that it would dismantle its nuclear weapons. He stressed the need for IAEA to be fully notified of the inventory of nuclear material resulting from that process of dismantling and, in general, for all such nuclear material to be placed under total control or transferred out of Africa, with a view to ensuring the denuclearization of the African continent.", "69. In the Asian region, Senegal welcomed the joint declaration by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the United States of America on efforts to achieve a denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, and the decision by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to suspend its withdrawal from the NPT and to pursue negotiations with IAEA.", "70. Despite progress in the reduction and control of certain categories of weapons of mass destruction, the precarious political, economic and social equilibrium in the world was increasingly threatened by the growing build-up of conventional arms in certain vulnerable regions. His delegation therefore welcomed the establishment of the Register of Conventional Arms, and hoped that current discussions would lead to greater transparency in that area.", "71. Efforts by the Organization to promote disarmament and arms regulation could only succeed with the support of all Member States, particularly the major Powers with their formidable military arsenals. Efforts to build a world of peace and security also necessitated combating hunger, poverty and sickness, which were capable, if left unattended, of becoming more serious threats to international peace and security than those posed by military arsenals.", "72. Mr. PERRI (Brazil) said that, despite positive events in the post‑cold‑war world, such as the recent agreement between Israel and Palestine and the dismantling of apartheid, new conflicts had emerged and old ones re-emerged, rendering the maintenance of international peace and security much more complex than had been anticipated at the end of an age dominated by ideological confrontations. Particular significance attached, therefore, to preventive diplomacy, since peace-building through the promotion of a fair and equitable international order was the best diplomacy in a world in which political, military and economic imbalances still persisted.", "73. As the Brazilian Minister for Foreign Affairs had stressed in his statement to the General Assembly, the international agenda was, as before, structured around democracy, development and disarmament with their ramifications in the areas of human rights, environment and international security, and those three elements constituted the necessary foundations for peace in the new international order which the Organization was striving to build.", "74. Among encouraging recent initiatives, he welcomed the signing of START II and the plans by the United States to prohibit the production of fissionable materials. The more peaceful international situation had created an opportunity to reduce military budgets and convert military industries into civilian uses. Brazil hoped that the resources freed in that process would stimulate economic and social development, particularly for the benefit of the developing world, and, in that context, welcomed the proposal that the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) should coordinate the establishment of the United Nations interdepartmental task force on conversion.", "75. At the multilateral level, Brazil noted with satisfaction the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention by 150 countries and urged the remaining countries to add their signatures. In addition, Brazil welcomed progress in the areas of verification of biological weapons, control of conventional weapons and the prohibition of nuclear tests. It urged nuclear States not to resume testing and to persevere in their efforts to achieve a multilaterally agreed and internationally verifiable comprehensive test-ban treaty, particularly since the cessation of nuclear tests was crucial in halting vertical proliferation and progress in horizontal non-proliferation could be jeopardized if vertical proliferation was not stopped.", "76. He hoped that negotiations on expanding the membership of the Conference on Disarmament would be successfully concluded, thus meeting the need of further democratizing the Conference without impairing its efficiency.", "77. He stressed the need to complete work at the next session of the Conference on Disarmament on its remaining agenda items, and drew attention to Brazil's special interest in promoting discussion on the item related to science and technology, in the belief that consensus among supplier and recipient countries on the proposed guidelines and recommendations would be of crucial importance in strengthening international security and promoting economic and social development. A more peaceful and prosperous international order would result from universal commitment to the use and transfer of high technology for exclusively peaceful purposes.", "(Mr. Perri, Brazil)", "78. He commended the significant achievements in the field of disarmament of such United Nations bodies as the Office (now Centre) for Disarmament Affairs, the regional Centres for Disarmament, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters. Nevertheless, the continued existence of nuclear arsenals still posed a threat to peace and security. In that connection, he expressed concern at the precarious situation in parts of the former USSR where strategic nuclear weapons were stationed.", "79. Following the adoption of various international instruments by Brazil and other countries in the region, Latin America was on the verge of becoming a region in which nuclear weapons would be definitively banned. He hoped that the Treaty of Tlatelolco, recently approved by the Brazilian Government, would be adopted by other countries in the region and would be fully in force by the end of 1993.", "The meeting rose at 1.10 p.m." ]	[ "[] Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control-F to enter the footer contained in Distr.GENERAL.", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "3rd meeting", "held on", "18 October 1993", "at 10 a.m.", "New York", "SUMMARY RECORD OF THE 3rd MEETING", "Chairman: von WAGNER (Germany)", "CONTENTS", "STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT", "STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ADVISORY OF POLITICAL MATTERS", "General discussion on all the agenda items on international disarmament and security", "The meeting was called to order at 10.20 a.m.", "STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT", "1.The PRESIDENT said that the \"disarmament agenda\" of previous sessions would continue to be of crucial importance to many pressing issues.The remarkable political developments of recent times will help the Commission to reach consensus on issues that had so far been impossible to address.The Commission should seek to merge resolutions on the same subject whenever political changes permit.Delegations related to those resolutions must demonstrate sufficient flexibility and political will to reach a compromise.The Commission may wish to bring together the traditional themes of its work and the respective resolutions under the so-called \"general themes.\"Delegations should also consider whether their resolutions still reflect changes in the political climate following the East-West confrontation.", "2.The Commission should more strictly clarify its objectives with regard to the traditional disarmament agenda and at the same time expand it to cover broader issues related to peace and security.In view of the changes in the world and the disturbing new trends that threaten peace and security, the Commission should consider whether the arms control programme reflected its responsibilities in a comprehensive manner and whether simplification and rationalization were the only means of revitalizing its work.The reduction in the number of resolutions on disarmament could indicate a decrease in the importance of the Commission if that reduction was not accompanied by the opening of new means for major political activities.The Commission would give a false impression to Governments, the public and those who determine public opinion if it simply reduced its workload at a time when military conflicts erupted and the means were desperately sought to prevent or contain them.", "3.The new name of the Commission seemed to imply that its role was not to be a forum focused exclusively on arms control issues.The Secretary-General suggested that there was a need for practical integration of disarmament and arms regulation issues into the broader structure of the international peace and security agenda.At the same time, however, the Commission must bear in mind the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations that limit the scope of the measures that may be taken by the General Assembly and its committees.However, despite Article 12 of the Charter, the Commission, as part of its overall responsibilities, could make recommendations with respect to a dispute or a situation that had not been submitted to the Security Council.The Commission could also formulate general recommendations, guidelines or principles related to international peace and security with a view to promoting a deeper understanding of the concepts of preventive diplomacy, confidence-building and post-conflict peace-building measures.By inserting the traditional disarmament agenda in the more", "(The President)", "The Commission could be better able to limit itself to issues of greatest interest.", "STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ADVISORY OF POLITICAL MATTERS", "4.Mr.Mr. GOULDING (Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs) recalled that in his report entitled \"New dimensions of arms regulation and disarmament in the post-cold-war era\" (A / C.1 / 47 / 7), the Secretary-General had said that disarmament should be incorporated into the broader structure of international peace and security rather than addressed separately.There are considerable opportunities for progress in the area of disarmament.The 1995 Conference of the States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is an important opportunity to reach an internationally agreed response to concerns about the danger of nuclear weapons proliferation.His Department had sent staff to make the necessary contribution to the successful preparations for the Conference.", "5.The decision of the Conference on Disarmament to give its Ad Hoc Committee on the Nuclear Test Ban the mandate to begin substantive negotiations to reach a comprehensive nuclear-weapon-ban treaty in early 1994 reveals a strong intention to achieve that long-standing objective, especially by the nuclear-weapon States.The successful conclusion of negotiations on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction is an example of the work that the Conference on Disarmament can do when it has the participation of all sectors of the international community.The Convention will be the first multilateral instrument with comprehensive provisions for its implementation that apply equally to all parties.New commitments to negotiate a viable verification system for the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxic Weapons and on Their Destruction, as recognized at the Third Review Conference, are also important.", "6.There are signs that a new level of interest has been reached on the difficult problems that are facing the world after the cold war.In various regions, intensive efforts have been made to promote cooperation and confidence-building; strengthening regional cooperation systems that include security issues represents a type of preventive diplomacy based on transparency.The Commission's role in these processes is important.", "7.The proliferation of conventional weapons is one of the most disturbing legacies of the cold war.He, who had previously been the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, was fully aware of the extent to which conflict control and resolution in many parts of the world were complicated by the enormous amount of weapons that had been introduced in those regions over the past two decades.Concerted action is needed, mainly by Governments", "(Mr. Goulding)", "in their own territories, to eliminate the considerable amount of weapons found in the hands of political groups or individuals.The establishment of a new United Nations Register of Conventional Arms is an important step in increasing clarity and transparency in military matters.The indiscriminate use of landmines is another issue that requires the urgent and determined attention of the international community.", "8.In order to respond to these challenges and opportunities, the Secretary-General has decided to rename the Office for Disarmament Affairs, which will be called the \"Centre for Disarmament Affairs,\" and has also decided that it will remain in New York as an integral part of the Department of Political Affairs.", "In accordance with the agreement with the General Assembly, staff would be again composed of the same number of staff as they had, with the proposed addition of three posts, mainly in connection with the work of the Register of Conventional Arms.The Secretary-General has instructed the Office to consider how confidence-building, verification and other techniques that had been developed and tested in the field of arms control and disarmament could be developed and used as tools for preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and post-conflict peace-building, with the consent of the Governments concerned.In this regard, the Centre has the advantage that several staff members of the Centre have served in peacekeeping missions in recent months, which allows them to bring valuable experience from the field.", "9.The Conference on Disarmament remains the main forum for the negotiation of international agreements on arms control and disarmament.After Mr.Mr. Berasategui, Secretary-General of the Conference, appointed Mr.Vladimir Petrovsky, Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva, to serve as Secretary-General of the Conference and to act as his Personal Representative to the Conference, on an interim basis, beginning on 5 December 1993.Mr.Petrovsky would perform these functions simultaneously with his functions as Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva.", "10.The work of the Centre & apos; s three regional centres is currently being reconsidered, taking into account new opportunities for progress on a regional basis.The role of the centres should be redefined to ensure that their activities had implications for the regions in which they served and were an effective part of the Secretariat & apos; s response to the opportunities and challenges it faced.", "General discussion on all disarmament and international security agenda items", "11.Mr.Mr. MARIN BOSCH (Mexico) said that the Conference on Disarmament had for some time felt the impact of the rapid changes on the international situation; for the second consecutive year, its report to the General Assembly had been a concrete result.The decision to launch long-awaited negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban will be a critical point in the international community's efforts to stop and reverse nuclear proliferation in all its", "(Mr. Marin Bosch, Mexico)", "aspects.That decision was made possible, to a large extent, by the change in position of the new United States Government with regard to the comprehensive nuclear test ban.Unfortunately, it was not possible to reach agreement in 1993 on the expansion of the membership of the Conference, as a single negative view suddenly appeared.It was to be hoped that that country would be able to reconsider its position.", "12.Washington and Moscow are beginning to reverse the nuclear arms race, with the signing of the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Weapons (START), the Lisbon Protocol and START II.Just as the nuclear arms race had a very particular dynamic, which was driven by the interests of military and industrial complexes, the process of reducing those arsenals would have its own dynamics and would require increasing reductions in nuclear weapons.However, it should not be lost sight of the fact that in 10 years after the full implementation of the provisions of the START treaties, the strategic nuclear arsenals of the United States and Russia will continue to be higher than those of the United States and Russia towards the end of the 1960s, when the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons was signed.It should not be forgotten that the world has since been flooded by tens of thousands of nuclear weapons and the international community has not yet reached agreement on a well-defined path to continue with regard to those weapons of mass destruction.", "13.As for nuclear tests, there was hope that the nuclear-weapon States would show caution that would certainly benefit future negotiations on the subject.However, on 5 October 1993, China had broken the de facto moratorium on nuclear tests and the debate on the continuation of nuclear tests had been reopened in the capitals of other nuclear-weapon States.This could have a negative impact on the Geneva Conference on Disarmament.The resumption of tests has already had immediate political consequences and could directly affect the nuclear non-proliferation dialogue.Nuclear-weapon States will have little authority to demand from others what they themselves are not willing to do; to conduct a few tests, small or large, before closing the door to others definitely seems to be a little serious.It was to be asked whether the nuclear-weapon States enjoyed special privileges.As parties to the NPT, the five States are under an obligation to continue negotiations with a view to \"seeking to achieve the permanent suspension of all nuclear-weapon test explosions,\" as stated in the Partial Test-Ban Treaty (PTBT).In addition, in its article VI, the NPT states that each Party to the Treaty is committed to holding negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to the cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, which is the key to that \"cessation of the nuclear arms race.\"", "(Mr. Marin Bosch, Mexico)", "14.30 years ago, Mexico, like other members of the Eighteen Nations Disarmament Committee (CDDN), noted that the PTBT represented \"a first step\" towards a complete nuclear test ban and towards general and complete disarmament under effective international control.In signing the PTBT, the United States Secretary of State said that history would ultimately record how that incomplete peace task would be carried out.Three long decades later, that \"task of peace\" remains unfinished.It is true that in the 1970s there were attempts to negotiate a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty (CTBT), but that opportunity, and several others, was left to escape.This is why a number of countries, including Mexico, are seeking a comprehensive test ban by amending the PTBT.This process is still under way and some important progress was made in August 1993 during the consultations held in New York by the President of the Amendment Conference.It was agreed that the process of amending the TBT was complementary to other efforts and that it offered clear advantages in some lines on other approaches.In the meantime, the Conference on Disarmament decided to negotiate a CTBT as of January 1994.", "15.However, the path between the decision of the Conference on Disarmament and the negotiation of a CTBT itself is not being easy.The previous week some differences began to emerge in Geneva about how best to take advantage of the time that it averages between October and January.It is obvious that there are nuclear Powers who want a more or less slow pace, while most members of the Conference on Disarmament would prefer a faster step.The members of the Group of 21 have even suggested that the Conference set 1994 as the deadline for the conclusion of a CTBT.", "16.Given the decision of the Conference on Disarmament to enter into negotiations in January, it is clear that the important thing will be to translate that political agreement into a paper agreement as soon as possible.To achieve this, an effort will have to be made to find compromise formulas that will ensure prompt negotiation and, therefore, the members of the Conference should begin the discussion of the two main aspects of the future CTBT: the scope of the ban and its verification system.However, progress will not be made as quickly as the issue requires if there is a need to delay negotiations or to carry out further nuclear tests.", "17.The NPT prohibits its non-nuclear-weapon parties from acquiring nuclear weapons and, therefore, from conducting nuclear tests.There are several dozen countries that have not acceded to the NPT.Would they and the other members of the international community accept the establishment of a kind of test quota system prior to the entry into force of the CTBT for each of the nuclear-weapon States?", "18.The five nuclear-weapon States have said that they are ready to conclude a CTBT, but their motives are not necessarily identical and their differences are due to their different levels of nuclear development.However, everyone appreciates, to a different extent, the advantages of a CTBT in strengthening nuclear non-proliferation.Some even see it as a step towards ensuring nuclear non-proliferation and thus paving the way for nuclear disarmament.", "(Mr. Marin Bosch, Mexico)", "19.This observation is linked to an area of fundamental importance.When talking about the five nuclear-weapon States, a formal distinction is made, based on the NPT and a purely chronological assessment.However, other considerations result in a different approach.For example, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have nuclear weapons but have never been tested; South Africa had six untested devices and now says it no longer has them; India had at least one; Israel is generally supposed to have nuclear weapons and other countries are supposed to have them as well.However, the international community remains clinging to the NPT and its somewhat archaic definitions.The fact is that in the 1990s the dividing line between the nuclear-weapon States and some of those that do not have them is being erased and some of the latter are importing large amounts of plutonium for their advanced civilian nuclear industry.These and other highly industrialized countries are \"potential nuclear-weapon States,\" as they could produce a nuclear device within months or weeks.Then there are the so-called \"nuclear States on the threshold,\" countries that have significant nuclear programmes but are not parties to the NPT.There is now a third category of non-NPT States: the \"temporary nuclear-weapon States,\" which include Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and South Africa.", "20.The above are some of the issues that the parties to the NPT should consider during the preparatory process for the 1995 Review and Extension Conference.Another issue is to determine what happened in Iraq, a State party to the NPT, and why.The United Nations and International Atomic Energy Agency inspectors found an impressive amount of material in Iraq, which reveals an ambitious nuclear programme: it seems impossible for years, especially in the 1980s, that this so-called \"sensitive\" material has been exported and in such quantities without any Government of exporting States (all of them parties to the NPT) having suspected that Iraqis were building something.It was also worth asking what the impact of the recent case of the Democratic People & apos; s Republic of Korea on the future of the non-proliferation regime established by the NPT would be.", "21.The Chemical Weapons Convention seeks to remedy these somewhat confusing situations concerning the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.The Convention requires each party to declare, once that instrument entered into force, whether it has chemical weapons, whether such weapons exist on its territory, whether it has transferred or received them since 1 January 1946 and whether there are (or there were) chemical weapons facilities on its territory.That is the key to the uniform regime for all parties to the Convention.With regard to chemical and biological weapons, there is nothing that resembles a \"caste society,\" as it exists in the nuclear field; that society will have to disappear soon if the aim is to build a nuclear non-proliferation regime that is genuine, universal and equitable.Nuclear-weapon States (and some others) cannot continue to demand the right to observe the nuclear facilities of others, either unilaterally or through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).This certainly does not lead to the climate of confidence of openness that is often required of other countries in relation to other weapons and weapons systems.", "(Mr. Marin Bosch, Mexico)", "22.The international community in general and the five nuclear-weapon States in particular now have the opportunity to make decisive progress in the field of nuclear disarmament.The preparatory process for the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference provides a good vehicle for a frank dialogue on the future nuclear non-proliferation regime.", "23.The issue of the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in all its aspects and ballistic projectiles is of growing importance.His delegation believed that the time had come to ask the Geneva Conference to take a more intensive and formal approach to this issue, which deserved consideration in the various international disarmament forums, including the United Nations Disarmament Commission.It would be useful if the Secretary-General, with the assistance of a small group of governmental experts, could develop a brief study on this issue, which was of vital importance to the international community.His delegation intended to explore with other interested delegations the possibility of submitting a draft resolution in that regard.", "24.Mr.Mr. ZAHRAN (Egypt), speaking in his capacity as President of the Conference on Disarmament, introduced the annual report of the Conference on the work of the 1993 session (A / 48 / 27).The report does not transmit, as was done in 1992, an international instrument for consideration by the General Assembly.However, the Conference worked hard on a number of substantive and organizational matters, making progress in its consideration of issues of vital importance to international peace and security.In particular, on 10 August 1993, the Conference decided, inter alia, to give its Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban a mandate to negotiate a nuclear-weapon-test-ban treaty, for which consultations would be held between 3 September 1993 and 17 January 1994 on the specific mandate and organization of negotiations.Thus, for the first time since the Treaty banning nuclear-weapon testing in the atmosphere, outer space and under water of 5 August 1963, the multilateral negotiating forum of the international community has initiated negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear-weapon-ban treaty.That long-standing objective of the international community seems to be closer to being realized than before.Future negotiations on a subject to which the General Assembly has given the highest priority since the conclusion of the TBT involve a political commitment that will require the necessary resources from the Secretariat to ensure that the negotiations receive sufficient support.", "25.With regard to the composition of the Conference, the Special Coordinator on the composition of the Conference held detailed consultations before the submission of his report, as contained in paragraphs 13 and 14 of the annual report.As noted in paragraph 15, many States members of the Conference and some non-members made statements on the subject, but no conclusion was reached before the end of the annual session.The President therefore instructed that consultations should continue to reach consensus during the intersessional recess.He had initiated such consultations and intended to", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "to continue these activities until the beginning of the 1994 session.While there are still challenges to be resolved, members are fully aware of the need to expand the multilateral disarmament negotiating forum.That issue of mutual interest could contribute to the expansion of the Conference.", "26.With regard to the working methods of the Conference, open informal consultations were held and the discussions and their results are reflected in paragraphs 19 and 20 of the annual report.This shorter report submitted by the Conference to the Assembly at its current session is the result of the review of better and more effective functioning.", "27.The activities of the four ad hoc committees established by the Conference during the annual session 1993 should be highlighted.The Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban made some progress in its consideration of a number of important issues under the agenda item, and discussed aspects related to structure and scope, as well as verification and compliance.It was generally recognized that an effective international verification system would be needed to achieve compliance with a future treaty on the comprehensive test-ban of nuclear weapons.Preliminary work on non-seismic verification was initiated for the first time in the history of the Conference.The Conference generally recognized that the decision to give the Ad Hoc Committee a negotiating mandate is a critical point for multilateral work to develop a comprehensive nuclear-weapon-ban treaty.", "28.The Ad Hoc Committee on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space considered a number of issues related to its future work and thanked the Chairman's partners for holding open consultations on issues such as confidence-building measures, terminology and legal aspects related to the prevention of an arms race in outer space.There was broad agreement that the conclusion of an international agreement or agreements to prevent such an arms race remained the Committee & apos; s fundamental work and that proposals for confidence-building measures could be an integral part of those agreements.It was recommended that the Conference on Disarmament should, at the beginning of the 1994 session, restore the Ad Hoc Committee on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space with an appropriate mandate to continue its substantive work on all issues before it.", "29.The Ad Hoc Committee on Effective International Agreements to Assure Non-Nuclear-Weapon States against the Use or Threat of Use of Nuclear Weapons continues to consider this important issue and expressed the view that further efforts were needed, bearing in mind recent changes in the international political climate.It therefore agreed to recommend the re-establishment of the Ad Hoc Committee at the beginning of the 1994 session.", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "30.In 1993, the Conference for the first time established the Ad Hoc Committee on Transparency in Arms.At its first session, the Committee covered a large number of items, including a substantive exchange of views on a number of complex issues related to the issue.It examined the excessive and destabilizing accumulation of weapons, the stockpiling of military material and the acquisition of national production materials and the transfer of high-level weapons and technology with military applications, and with weapons of mass destruction.The Committee was presented with 18 working papers, several of which contain specific proposals.While no agreement was reached on this, delegations agreed that many of the issues they addressed contributed to confidence-building and stability.The Ad Hoc Committee therefore recommended its re-establishment at the beginning of the 1994 session of the Conference.", "31.The work of the Conference in 1993 continued a positive trend that began the previous year with the important agreement on the Chemical Weapons Convention.New ideas and issues of common interest are emerging as international cooperation replaces the confrontations of the cold war.The decision to begin negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear-weapon-ban treaty is one of the most prominent developments in the post-cold-war period.While negotiations would certainly not be easy and a number of sensitive issues would have to be addressed, he hoped that the Conference would be able to fulfil its serious responsibilities as the international disarmament negotiating body.", "32.Mr.Mr. O'SULLIVAN (Australia) said that three important developments had taken place since the Commission had last met.First, the Chemical Weapons Convention was finalized, which was opened for signature and received broad international support.The establishment of the Interim Technical Secretariat under the Convention is a notable example of multilateral cooperation.The fact that their activities have already begun is a good omen of the effective implementation of the Treaty.He called on all signatory States to take the necessary measures to ensure the earliest possible implementation of the Convention.It also calls upon States that have not yet signed it to reconsider their position, with a view to ensuring the universal implementation of the global prohibition of chemical weapons.", "33.Secondly, the important decision taken by the Conference on Disarmament to begin negotiations for a comprehensive nuclear-weapon-ban treaty indicates a new and long-awaited stage in international disarmament negotiations.The Treaty will serve the dual purpose of preventing the production of new generations of nuclear weapons and of improving the nuclear non-proliferation regime.Australia hoped that most of the work on the Treaty could be completed in time for the NPT Review Conference in April 1995.It is important, however, that work on the political, legal and verification aspects of the Treaty be jointly and mutually reinforcing.Australia is ready to consider allocating more time to", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "the negotiations at the 1994 session of the Conference on Disarmament.In view of the progress made at the beginning of the negotiations on the Treaty, China & apos; s recent decision to violate the de facto nuclear-test moratorium, which had been observed for more than a year, was truly regrettable.", "34.Australia hopes that there will be greater unilateral security assurances, such as a joint declaration or other binding manifestation by nuclear-weapon States that they will not use them against countries that have committed themselves to non-proliferation.Together with the CTBT, such measures would significantly facilitate the review and extension of the NPT.", "35.The extension of the NPT at the 1995 Review Conference was essential, mainly to serve as a firm legal basis for international cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.Australia, like many other countries, is in favour of the indefinite extension of the Treaty and will continue to participate actively in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference.", "36.The end of the cold war poses challenges to the nuclear non-proliferation regime and at the same time presents opportunities to strengthen it.His country, concerned about the proliferation of nuclear weapons in South Asia, would welcome a more active dialogue on nuclear matters between India and Pakistan.Ukraine and Kazakhstan should also be encouraged to comply with their obligations under the Lisbon Protocol with respect to START I and to accede to the NPT as non-nuclear-weapon States, following the example of Belarus.", "37.Australia also welcomes South Africa's cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency since it acceded to the NPT and in particular its policy of full transparency with regard to its nuclear activities.However, the continued non-compliance of Iraq and the Democratic People & apos; s Republic of Korea with IAEA safeguards obligations remains a matter of deep concern.", "38.Australia fully supports the efforts made since the Gulf War to strengthen the effectiveness and transparency of the IAEA safeguards system, as well as the work of the Standing Advisory Group on Safeguards Implementation (SAGSI) and encourages other countries to do the same.With regard to the latter, he stressed the importance of effective implementation of safeguard agreements in preventing clandestine nuclear activities and of building confidence in the NPT-based non-proliferation regime.", "39.The stricter implementation of nuclear export controls and the strengthening of arrangements on nuclear material providers also contribute to the NPT non-proliferation objectives.In addition, regional non-proliferation arrangements, such as the Tlatelolco Treaties in Latin America and Rarotonga in the South Pacific, complement the NPT-based international non-proliferation regime.The measures taken to establish nuclear-weapon-free zones in other regions not only promote a more constructive attitude towards non-nuclear-weapon-free arrangements.", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "They also encourage regional support from the NPT in the pre-1995 Conference stages.", "40.Australia looks forward to participating in future negotiations to end the production of fissile materials and to establishing non-discriminatory multilateral controls over the purchase of destabilizing missile systems, in particular those used as means of delivery for weapons of mass destruction.", "41.It has tended to underestimate the risk posed by the proliferation of biological weapons as a possible threat to international security.Australia has long been concerned that the effectiveness of the only global instrument for the abolition of such weapons - the Biological Weapons Convention - is limited by the lack of mechanisms to verify compliance with the obligations under the Convention.It therefore welcomed the report of the Ad Hoc Group of Governmental Experts, which concluded that verification measures would contribute to improving the effective implementation of the Convention, and provided a strong technical basis for the development of the necessary verification mechanisms.In that regard, Australia supported the convening of a special conference to that end, and suggested that other States parties should do the same, for which they should notify one of the depository countries without delay.", "42.Since the end of the cold war, the Commission has been able to address the issue of regional security more effectively, as well as to encourage arms control, security and confidence-building measures in certain regions.Some progress has been made in its region, as ASEAN member countries are contributing significantly to the dialogue on security in the Asia-Pacific region through the establishment of the ASEAN Regional Forum.Australia also participated in the United States-Russian-sponsored Working Group on Arms Control and Regional Security, and looks forward to progress in this area.", "43.With regard to transparency in military matters, particularly with regard to armaments, he noted with satisfaction that many countries had already sent their responses to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms.It looked forward to participating actively in the General Assembly and the Conference on Disarmament in the future development of global transparency mechanisms and guidelines for the purchase of arms.Another important issue to be addressed in the immediate future is the need to establish more effective standards for the use of landmines, which requires a review of the Inhuman Weapons Convention.", "44.In conclusion, he recalled that he had been entrusted with the task of considering the possibility of expanding the Conference on Disarmament so that it could carry out its functions more effectively.After extensive informal consultations, he proposed to the Conference a compromise resolution on which, unfortunately, no agreement had been reached.However, he hoped that, with the assistance of the President of the Conference, a solution could be found with general approval.", "45.Mr.Mr. PIZARRO (Chile) said that, despite the end of the cold war, essential tasks remained to be done in the field of disarmament.His Government deplored China & apos; s recent violation of the voluntary nuclear-test moratorium, which had meant that other nuclear Powers were reconsidering their commitments in that regard.", "46.Another issue of concern is the extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).While Chile agrees with its purpose, it is at the same time considered a discriminatory Treaty, because the inequality of rights and obligations between nuclear-weapon States and those that are not, has been largely responsible for the great proliferation of nuclear weapons.However, the Government of Chile had arranged for a reassessment of its position on the NPT in the hope that the parties would demonstrate flexibility in the treatment of the issue and allow for the participation of observers in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference.It is important to take advantage of the opportunity presented by international political reality to discuss the nuclear non-proliferation regime without limitation.", "47.Another concern is the lack of agreement on the issue of expanding the membership of the Conference on Disarmament.He called on the parties concerned to strengthen dialogue and negotiation to overcome the remaining difficulties in the face of the proposal by the representative of Australia, which his country considered a viable alternative.", "48.As the United Nations approaches the 50 years of its existence, it must be a true instrument of international peace and security.In that connection, he supported the proposals to streamline the work of the First Committee and to reform its agenda.The Commission should seek to establish more binding legal standards that would effectively strengthen international peace and security.", "49.The Latin American and Caribbean region is committed to the cause of disarmament, as demonstrated by the determined political will of Argentina, Brazil and Chile to bring into force the Treaty of Tlatelolco, not to mention the nuclear-related agreements between Argentina and Brazil, which go beyond the provisions of treaties in force in the same field.", "50.With regard to the Chemical Weapons Convention, the final declaration of a recent regional seminar in Santiago noted, inter alia, the importance of ensuring the universal applicability of the Chemical Weapons Convention and of achieving the effective and balanced operation of its verification regime.In addition, the Mendoza Commitment on the total and complete prohibition of chemical and biological weapons already has broad regional support.The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Environmental Change Techniques for Military or Other Hostile Purposes is being processed before the Chilean Chamber of Deputies for further ratification.", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "51.The large number of responses received by the Centre for Disarmament Affairs related to the Register of Conventional Arms is encouraging.It is important to continue to improve the Register in order to make it a genuine confidence-building measure at both the bilateral, regional and global levels.To that end, his Government had not only reported only on transfers in the requested fiscal year but also on its stocks, and had also indicated its readiness to participate in the forthcoming meetings of governmental experts on that subject.", "52.Disarmament problems remain in place and their relationship to international security is more evident than before.The Government of Chile notes with concern the lack of human and material resources that have been affecting the Office for Disarmament Affairs for a long time, a situation that is not in line with the complex and vast task that remains to be done.", "53.One of the main problems that have been identified since the emergence of the new international order is that of human security, which is beyond traditional security notions.In many parts of the world, poverty is the main cause of insecurity.In that connection, he suggested that the Committee should take four considerations into account during its deliberations.First, that the security of the person is as important or more important than the security of the State.Secondly, the security problems of a country, region or geographical area can be an element of stability that is not at the borders where this situation occurs.Thirdly, a modern concept of security must take account of economic, social, environmental and other problems.Finally, the end of the cold war demonstrates the need to revitalize concepts that ideological confrontation never allowed to prosper, such as the \"zones of peace.\"Latin America has a wealth of experience in this area, which demonstrates the usefulness of these areas as a forum for cooperation and understanding, as well as for the relaxation of possible military tensions.", "54.Disarmament must be a global process that takes into account the specific characteristics of each region and means a real improvement in the living conditions particularly of developing countries.He believed that the United Nations was the appropriate forum for achieving the purposes set forth in his Charter.It is therefore essential that the opportunity, perhaps unique in history, be not missed in order to make substantive progress in the field of international disarmament, peace and security, which will benefit future generations.", "55.Mr.Mr. MROZIEWICZ (Poland) said that since 1989 the world had undergone radical changes that had affected the very essence of international security.While some sources of instability and regional conflicts have ceased to exist since the end of the cold war and new opportunities have emerged to resolve old disputes, other conflicts have arisen that are latent, encouraged by an increase in nationalist and even xenophobic feelings.For several decades, international security depended on the balance of the military, but today the role of the military", "(Mr. Mroziewicz, Poland)", "Security Council and the participation of regional organizations increased significantly as a political means of ensuring security.", "56.Poland enjoys good relations with its neighbouring countries through cooperation with, among others, the VISEGRAD Group and the Baltic States.It also encourages the strengthening of links with the countries of Western Europe, the United States and Canada; their incorporation in the North Atlantic Alliance and the European Community are among the priorities of Poland's foreign policy.", "57.The fundamental challenge facing Europe today is the establishment of a system that provides equal security for all European countries.The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) should play an important role in that regard and could provide a forum for dispute settlement and conflict prevention.If necessary, the CSCE could call for the intervention of the relevant military alliances.They would have the dual role of partnerships within the meaning of Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations and of institutions that perform pan-European functions, to which Poland attaches particular importance.", "58.The NPT is one of the fundamental elements of international security, and should therefore be extended indefinitely at the 1995 Review Conference.The constructive negotiations on CTBT at the Geneva Conference on Disarmament will promote the success of the Review Conference.Encouraged by its commitment to nuclear non-proliferation and with the support of the Group of Eastern European Countries, which has not yet been the Chair of a NPT Review Conference, Poland intends to appoint a candidate for that presidency.", "59.The proliferation of materials and technology for the production of weapons of mass destruction and the clandestine sales of such materials and technology to regions of potential conflict is an increasing challenge to international peace and security and should therefore be given a high priority on the agenda.", "60.He welcomed the signing by some 150 States of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction and stressed the urgent need to ensure the timely entry into force of that Convention and for the States signatories to cooperate with the Preparatory Commission for the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.The Netherlands, together with Canada and Poland, will introduce a draft resolution on this item.", "61.Poland welcomes the establishment, within the framework of the Conference on Disarmament, of an ad hoc Committee on the Establishment of Transparency in Arms.The regional workshop organized in Poland in 1993 by the United Nations Centre for Disarmament Affairs facilitated the participation of States in the region in the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, to which Poland attaches great importance.", "(Mr. Mroziewicz, Poland)", "62.The new realities and priorities of disarmament required a readjustment of the disarmament machinery, including measures such as the rationalization of the agenda of the First Committee and the simplification of its modus operandi, which would reduce the number of its resolutions and increase its credibility.He welcomed the decision by the Conference on Disarmament to focus its attention on four themes only in 1993, with the rapid establishment of the respective ad hoc subsidiary bodies, but regretted the fact that no consensus had been reached on the very important issue of the increase in the membership of the Conference.It was essential to find a compromise that would accommodate the different aspirations of States that wished to join the Conference without undermining their negotiating powers.", "63.Mr.Mr. CISSE (Senegal) said that the optimism created by the positive changes in the international context and the Organization's increasing participation in international peace efforts was mitigated by concern about the resurgence of armed conflict.Only complete and universal disarmament will allow multilateral cooperation with the resulting economic and social development necessary to ensure that such conflicts can be overcome.", "64.Senegal was therefore pleased with the significant progress made in the field of disarmament in 1993, including the signing of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and hoped that the necessary measures to ensure its entry into force would soon be completed, which would contribute to the unprecedented elimination in the history of a whole category of weapons of mass destruction.", "65.Senegal also welcomed the signing in 1993 by the United States of America and the Russian Federation of the START II Treaty and hoped that the remaining obstacles to the ratification of the Lisbon Protocol would be overcome without delay.", "66.He noted with concern that many issues, in particular those relating to procedures, relating to the 1995 Review Conference on the Non-Proliferation Treaty remained unresolved, drew attention to the issue of the presidency of the Conference, in particular, and expressed his delegation & apos; s support for the nomination of Ambassador Dhamapala, presented by the Non-Aligned Movement.", "67.As a non-nuclear-weapon State, Senegal particularly welcomes the recent decision to entrust the Disarmament Commission with the negotiation of a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty, and is ready to contribute actively to that important project.", "68.At the regional level, Senegal also welcomed the announcement by South Africa, which will dismantle its nuclear weapons.He stressed the need for IAEA to be fully notified of the inventory of nuclear materials resulting from that process of dismantling and, in general, of the", "(Mr. Cisse, Senegal)", "other nuclear material placed under full control or transferred from Africa, with a view to ensuring the denuclearization of the African continent.", "69.In the Asian region, Senegal welcomes the joint statement by the Democratic People & apos; s Republic of Korea and the United States of America on efforts to achieve denuclearization of the Korean peninsula and the decision of the Democratic People & apos; s Republic of Korea to suspend its withdrawal from the NPT and to continue negotiations with IAEA.", "70.Despite the progress made in reducing and controlling certain categories of weapons of mass destruction, the precarious political, economic and social balance in the world is increasingly threatened by the growing accumulation of conventional weapons in certain vulnerable regions.His delegation therefore welcomed the establishment of the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms and hoped that the current discussions would contribute to greater transparency in that area.", "71.The Organization & apos; s efforts to promote disarmament and arms regulation could only be successful with the support of all member States, in particular the major Powers, with their formidable military arsenals.Efforts to build a world of peace and security also demand the fight against hunger, poverty and disease.These factors must be given attention, which may become more serious threats to international peace and security than those posed by military arsenals.", "72.Mr.Mr. PERRI (Brazil) said that, despite positive developments in the world following the cold war, such as the recent Israeli-Palestinian agreement and the dismantling of apartheid, new and old conflicts had emerged, thus maintaining international peace and security was much more complex than had been expected at the end of a phase dominated by ideological confrontations.Preventive diplomacy is therefore of particular importance, as the consolidation of peace through the promotion of a just and equitable international order is the best diplomacy in a world where political, military and economic imbalances still persist.", "73.As the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Brazil had stressed in his statement to the General Assembly, the international agenda was structured, as had been the case, around democracy, development and disarmament, with ramifications in the areas of human rights, the environment and international security.These three elements are the necessary basis for peace in the new international order that the Organization is seeking to create.", "74.Among some recent encouraging initiatives, he welcomed the signing of START II and the United States plans to ban the production of fissile materials.A more peaceful international situation has given an opportunity to reduce military and international budgets.", "(Mr. Perri, Brazil)", "to convert military industries to civilian use.Brazil hoped that the resources released in that process would stimulate economic and social development, particularly for the benefit of developing countries, and in that context welcomed the proposal that the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) should coordinate the establishment of an interdepartmental United Nations working group on conversion.", "75.At the multilateral level, Brazil noted with satisfaction the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention by 150 countries and calls on the remaining countries to sign it as well.Brazil also welcomes the progress made in the areas of biological verification, conventional arms control and the nuclear test ban.It calls upon the nuclear-weapon States not to resume testing and to continue their efforts to achieve a multilaterally agreed and internationally verifiable comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty, particularly since the cessation of nuclear testing is essential to halting vertical proliferation.The progress made in horizontal non-proliferation could be undermined without an end to vertical proliferation.", "76.He hoped that the negotiations on the expansion of the membership of the Conference on Disarmament would be successfully concluded, thus meeting the need to further democratize the Conference without affecting its efficiency.", "77.He stressed the need to complete work at the next session of the Conference on Disarmament on the remaining agenda items and drew attention to the special interest of Brazil in promoting discussions on the subject of science and technology, as it believed that consensus among the supplier and recipient countries on the proposed guidelines and recommendations would be of crucial importance in strengthening international security and promoting economic and social development.Universal adherence to the use and transfer of high-level technology exclusively for peaceful purposes will contribute to a more peaceful and prosperous international order.", "78.He commended the significant achievements in the field of disarmament made by United Nations bodies such as the Office (now the Centre) for Disarmament Affairs, the Regional Disarmament Centres, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters.However, the continued existence of nuclear arsenals still poses a threat to peace and security.In that regard, he expressed concern at the precarious situation in some regions of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics created by the deployment of strategic nuclear weapons.", "(Mr. Perri, Brazil)", "79.Following the adoption of various international instruments by Brazil and other countries in the region, Latin America is close to becoming a region where nuclear weapons will be definitively prohibited.He hoped that the Treaty of Tlatelolco, recently adopted by the Government of Brazil, would be adopted by other countries in the region and entered into full force by the end of 1993.", "The meeting rose at 1.10 p.m." ]	"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"
"crm5eOzrfdAddjQDIzqltWuFSOoTkHRlBfXYLjadnBg="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS UNIES", "Assemblée générale", "[]QUARANTE-HUITIEME SESSION", "Documents officiels", "PREMIERE COMMISSION", "3e séance", "tenue le", "lundi 18 octobre 1993", "à 10 heures", "New York", "COMPTE RENDU ANALYTIQUE DE LA 3e SEANCE", "Président : M. von WAGNER (Allemagne)", "SOMMAIRE", "DECLARATION DU PRESIDENT", "DECLARATION DU SECRETAIRE GENERAL ADJOINT AUX AFFAIRES POLITIQUES", "DEBAT GENERAL SUR TOUTES LES QUESTIONS RELATIVES AU DESARMEMENT ET A LA SECURITE INTERNATIONALE", "La séance est ouverte à 10 h 20.", "DECLARATION DU PRESIDENT", "1. Le PRESIDENT dit que l'\"ordre du jour pour le désarmement\" des sessions précédentes conserve son caractère décisif pour la solution de nombreux problèmes pressants. L'évolution politique remarquable qui a eu lieu dans un passé récent permettra au Comité de dégager un consensus sur des questions jusqu'ici insolubles. Il devra s'efforcer de regrouper les résolutions qui portent sur le même sujet chaque fois que l'évolution politique le permettra. Il faut que les délégations intéressées fassent preuve de suffisamment de souplesse et soient prêtes à transiger. La Commission pourrait également regrouper les sujets traditionnels de ses activités et les résolutions qui s'y rapportent sous des chapitres intitulés \"Rubriques générales\". Il serait bon que les délégations examinent si leurs résolutions continuent de correspondre à l'évolution du climat politique consécutive à la fin de l'affrontement Est‑Ouest.", "2. La Commission ferait bien de limiter son champ d'action en ce qui concerne les questions inscrites traditionnellement à son ordre du jour et élargir celui‑ci pour y inclure des questions plus générales portant sur la paix et la sécurité. Compte tenu de l'évolution qui s'est produite dans le monde et des nouvelles menaces inquiétantes pour la paix et la sécurité, elle devrait voir si l'ordre du jour pour la maîtrise des armements répond bien à ses responsabilités et si simplification et rationalisation sont les seuls moyens de revitaliser ses activités. En effet, réduire le nombre des résolutions sur le désarmement pourrait indiquer que la Commission perd de son importance à moins que parallèlement cette réduction ne s'accompagne d'une ouverture sur des activités politiques utiles. Réduire le volume de travail à une époque où les conflits militaires éclatent et où on recherche désespérément des moyens de les prévenir ou de les contenir risque d'être mal interprété par les gouvernements, le public et les faiseurs d'opinion.", "3. Le nouveau nom de la Commission sous‑entend apparemment qu'elle n'est pas conçue pour être un forum axé exclusivement sur les questions de maîtrise des armements. Le Secrétaire général s'est déclaré convaincu qu'il faut intégrer de manière pratique les questions relatives au désarmement et à la réglementation des armements dans le cadre élargi de l'agenda pour la paix et la sécurité internationales. Cependant, la Commission ne doit pas oublier les dispositions pertinentes de la Charte des Nations Unies qui définissent les domaines d'action de l'Assemblée générale et de ses commissions. Toutefois, nonobstant l'Article 12 de la Charte, la Commission peut, dans le cadre de ses responsabilités générales, formuler des recommandations en ce qui concerne un différend ou une situation dont le Conseil de sécurité n'est pas saisi. Elle peut également formuler des recommandations, des directives ou des principes généraux relatifs à la paix et à la sécurité internationales afin de faire mieux comprendre les concepts de diplomatie préventive et les mesures visant à créer un climat de confiance et à consolider la paix. En inscrivant les questions de désarmement traditionnelles dans le cadre plus général des problèmes de sécurité, des conflits naissants et des risques à la paix, la Commission sera mieux placée pour les circonscrire à celles qui sont essentielles.", "DECLARATION DU SECRETAIRE GENERAL ADJOINT AUX AFFAIRES POLITIQUES", "4. M. GOULDING (Secrétaire général adjoint aux affaires politiques) rappelle que dans son rapport intitulé \"Nouvelles dimensions de la réglementation des armements et du désarmement dans la période de l'après‑guerre froide\" (A/C.1/47/7), le Secrétaire général estime qu'il faut intégrer le désarmement dans la structure plus large de la paix et de la sécurité internationales au lieu d'en faire un problème distinct. Il existe de nombreuses possibilités de progrès dans le domaine du désarmement. La Conférence des Etats parties au Traité sur la non‑prolifération des armes nucléaires qui se tiendra en 1995 est l'occasion pour la communauté internationale d'apporter une réponse aux préoccupations que suscitent les risques de prolifération d'armes nucléaires. Son département a redéployé son personnel pour contribuer à une bonne préparation de la Conférence.", "5. Il ressort de la décision prise par la Conférence du désarmement, à savoir demander à son comité spécial sur l'interdiction des essais nucléaires d'entamer au début de l'année 1994 des négociations de fond en vue de la conclusion d'un traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires, que les Etats, en particulier les Etats dotés d'armes nucléaires, s'engagent à nouveau à réaliser cet objectif de longue date. L'heureuse issue des négociations sur la Convention sur l'interdiction de la mise au point, de la fabrication, du stockage et de l'utilisation des armes chimiques et sur leur destruction est un bon exemple du travail que la Conférence du désarmement peut faire avec la participation de la communauté internationale. Cette convention sera le premier instrument multilatéral comportant des dispositions précises qui s'appliqueront également à toutes les parties. Il est également important que les Etats s'engagent à nouveau à négocier un système de vérification de la Convention sur l'interdiction de la mise au point, de la fabrication et du stockage des armes bactériologiques (biologiques) ou à toxines et sur leur destruction qui soit applicable, comme ils l'ont reconnu à la troisième Conférence des parties chargée de l'examen du Traité.", "6. On peut voir à certains signes l'intention de s'attaquer sérieusement aux problèmes du monde de l'après‑guerre froide. Dans un certain nombre de régions, on redouble d'efforts pour favoriser la coopération et créer un climat de confiance; on renforce les mécanismes de coopération régionale pour y inclure les problèmes de sécurité, ce qui constitue une forme de diplomatie préventive basée sur la transparence. La Commission a un rôle important à jouer à cet égard en favorisant ces processus.", "7. La prolifération des armes classiques est l'une des conséquences les plus effroyables de la guerre froide. M. Goulding précise qu'en sa qualité d'ancien Secrétaire général adjoint aux opérations de maintien de la paix, il sait parfaitement l'obstacle que constitue pour la maîtrise et le règlement des conflits dans nombre de régions du monde la grande quantité d'armes envoyées dans ces régions ces deux dernières décennies. Il faut, dans le cadre d'une action concertée, menée notamment par les gouvernements dans leurs propres territoires, récupérer les énormes quantités d'armes qui se trouvent entre les mains de groupes politiques ou de particuliers. L'établissement du nouveau Registre des armes classiques des Nations Unies qui garantit une plus grande franchise et transparence dans les questions militaires constitue un grand pas", "(M. Goulding)", "en avant. L'utilisation sans discernement des mines terrestres est un autre problème qui appelle d'urgence l'attention de la communauté internationale.", "8. Pour relever ces défis, le Secrétaire général a décidé de donner au Bureau des affaires de désarmement la nouvelle appellation de Centre des affaires de désarmement; il demeurera à New York et continuera de faire partie du Département des affaires politiques. Sous réserve de l'approbation de l'Assemblée générale, les effectifs seront ramenés à leur niveau précédent du fait de l'adjonction prévue de trois postes, principalement pour faire face au travail imposé par la tenue du Registre des armes classiques. Le Secrétaire général a chargé le Bureau d'étudier comment les mesures visant à créer un climat de confiance, les techniques de vérification et autres mécanismes qui ont été élaborés et testés dans le domaine de la maîtrise des armements et du désarmement pourraient être perfectionnés et servir d'instruments de diplomatie préventive, de rétablissement et de consolidation de la paix après les conflits avec le consentement des gouvernements intéressés. Le Centre présente à cet égard l'avantage de compter parmi son personnel plusieurs personnes qui ont participé à des missions de maintien de la paix ces derniers mois et en ont tiré une expérience fort utile.", "9. La Conférence du désarmement reste le principal cadre de négociations d'accords internationaux sur la maîtrise des armements et le désarmement. Du fait de la démission de M. Bérasatégui, Secrétaire général de la Conférence, le Secrétaire général a nommé M. Vladimir Petrovsky, Directeur général de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève, au poste de secrétaire général de la Conférence et l'a chargé d'être son représentant personnel à la Conférence à titre provisoire à compter du 5 décembre 1993. M. Petrovsky remplira ces fonctions simultanément avec celles de directeur général de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.", "10. Les activités des trois centres régionaux sont actuellement en train d'être réexaminées dans l'optique des nouvelles possibilités offertes. Leur rôle devra peut‑être être redéfini pour veiller à ce que leurs activités aient une incidence dans les régions qu'ils desservent et fassent effectivement partie intégrante de l'action du Secrétariat face aux possibilités qui lui sont ouvertes et aux tâches qui l'attendent.", "DEBAT GENERAL SUR TOUTES LES QUESTIONS RELATIVES AU DESARMEMENT ET A LA SECURITE INTERNATIONALE", "11. M. MARIN-BOSCH (Mexique) dit que, depuis quelque temps, la Conférence du désarmement ressent le contrecoup de l'évolution rapide de la situation internationale; pour la deuxième année consécutive, le rapport de la Conférence à l'Assemblée générale contient des résultats concrets. La décision d'entreprendre les négociations longtemps ajournées sur l'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires marquera un tournant dans les efforts que déploie la communauté internationale pour arrêter et inverser la prolifération nucléaire sous tous ses aspects. L'évolution de la position du nouveau Gouvernement américain en ce qui concerne l'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires a, dans une large mesure, permis d'arriver à cette décision. Malheureusement, on n'a pas pu parvenir à un accord sur l'élargissement de la composition de la Conférence en 1993 du fait de l'opposition d'un seul membre. Il reste à espérer que le pays concerné reviendra sur sa position.", "(M. Marin-Bosch, Mexique)", "12. La signature du Traité entre les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et l'Union des Républiques socialistes soviétiques sur la réduction et la limitation des armes stratégiques et offensives, le Protocole de Lisbonne et le Traité START II marquent le début de l'inversion de la course aux armements nucléaires. De même que la course aux armements nucléaires a sa propre dynamique soutenue par les intérêts de complexes militaro‑industriels, le processus de réduction de ces arsenaux a aussi sa propre dynamique qui exigera une réduction plus importante des armes nucléaires. Cependant, dans 10 ans, quand les dispositions des Traités START seront pleinement appliquées, les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et la Fédération de Russie disposeront d'arsenaux nucléaires et stratégiques plus importants que ceux de la fin des années 60, au moment de la signature du Traité de non‑prolifération. Dans un monde où les armes nucléaires se comptent par dizaines de milliers, la communauté internationale n'a pas encore adopté de position bien définie pour ce qui est de ces armes de destruction massive.", "13. En ce qui concerne les essais nucléaires, on pouvait espérer que les Etats dotés de l'arme nucléaire feraient preuve de modération, favorisant ainsi les prochaines négociations sur la question. Cependant, le 5 octobre 1993, la Chine a rompu le moratoire de facto sur les essais et, dans les capitales des autres Etats dotés de l'arme nucléaire, on a réouvert le débat sur la poursuite des essais nucléaires. Cette situation aura des incidences négatives sur la Conférence du désarmement de Genève. La reprise des essais a déjà eu des conséquences politiques immédiates et pourrait compromettre directement le dialogue sur la non‑prolifération des armes nucléaires. Les Etats nucléaires seraient peu fondés à exiger des autres ce qu'ils ne sont pas eux‑mêmes disposés à faire, et il n'est pas très sérieux de procéder à quelques essais, quelle que soit leur importance, avant de fermer définitivement la porte aux autres. Il se pose la question de savoir si les Etats nucléaires bénéficient de privilèges spéciaux. En tant que parties au Traité de non‑prolifération, les Cinq continuent de négocier afin de chercher à assurer l'arrêt de toutes les explosions expérimentales d'armes nucléaires à tout jamais proclamé dans le Traité sur l'interdiction partielle des essais. En outre, aux termes de l'article VI du Traité sur la non‑prolifération, chacune des parties au Traité s'engage à poursuivre de bonne foi des négociations sur des mesures efficaces relatives à la cessation de la course aux armements nucléaires à une date rapprochée et au désarmement nucléaire et sur un traité de désarmement général et complet sous un contrôle international strict et efficace et une interdiction complète des essais est indispensable à la \"cessation de la course aux armements nucléaires\".", "14. Il y a 30 ans, le Mexique, à l'instar d'autres membres du Comité des 18 puissances sur le désarmement, faisait observer que le Traité sur l'interdiction partielle des essais nucléaires représentait un premier pas vers l'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires et un désarmement général et complet sous un contrôle international efficace, alors qu'en signant le Traité, le Secrétaire d'Etat américain déclarait que l'histoire retiendra en fin de compte la façon dont le monde a cherché à résoudre le problème de la paix. Depuis trois longues décennies, la paix reste une oeuvre inachevée. Il est vrai que, dans les années 70, les Etats se sont efforcés de négocier un traité d'interdiction complète des essais, mais cette occasion et d'autres ont été gâchées. C'est pourquoi plusieurs pays, dont le Mexique, s'efforcent d'obtenir une interdiction complète des essais en modifiant le Traité sur l'interdiction", "(M. Marin-Bosch, Mexique)", "partielle des essais. Ils poursuivent leur démarche et, en août 1993, des progrès importants ont été faits pendant les consultations que le Président de la Conférence d'amendement a eues à New York. La modification du Traité d'interdiction partielle des essais complète, estime‑t‑on, d'autres initiatives et présente, de toute évidence, à certains égards des avantages par rapport à d'autres méthodes. Entre‑temps, la Conférence du désarmement a décidé de négocier un traité d'interdiction complète des essais à partir de janvier 1994.", "15. Cependant, la route qui mène de la décision prise lors de la Conférence à la négociation du traité est semée d'embûches. La semaine dernière, à Genève, des divergences sont apparues sur le meilleur moyen de mettre à profit la période comprise entre octobre et janvier. Il est évident que certaines puissances nucléaires veulent avancer à un rythme plutôt lent, alors que la majorité des membres de la Conférence préfère progresser plus rapidement. Les membres du Groupe des 21 ont même proposé que la Conférence fixe l'année 1994 comme date limite pour la conclusion du Traité d'interdiction complète des essais.", "16. La Conférence ayant décidé d'entamer la négociation au mois de janvier, il importe donc de concrétiser cet accord politique dans un document. A cet effet, un effort doit être fait pour trouver des formules de compromis permettant de hâter les négociations, et les membres de la Conférence doivent donc commencer tout de suite la discussion des deux principaux aspects du futur traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires, à savoir la portée de l'interdiction et le système de vérification. Toutefois, il ne faut pas s'attendre à des progrès rapides, si l'on persiste à vouloir retarder les négociations ou à effectuer d'autres essais nucléaires.", "17. Le Traité sur la non-prolifération des armes nucléaires interdit à ses parties non dotées d'armes nucléaires d'acquérir ce type d'arme, et donc d'effectuer des essais nucléaires. Il reste toutefois que plusieurs dizaines de pays n'ont pas encore adhéré au TNP. Il s'agit de savoir si ces pays, ainsi que le reste de la communauté internationale, accepteraient la mise en place d'une sorte de système de quota d'essais pour chaque Etat nucléaire avant l'entrée en vigueur du traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires.", "18. Les cinq Etats nucléaires se déclarent prêts à conclure un traité d'interdiction complète, mais les motivations ne sont pas nécessairement les mêmes, aux vues de leur niveau de développement respectif dans ce domaine. Néanmoins, tous ont apprécié à des degrés divers les avantages d'un tel traité sur le renforcement de la non-prolifération horizontale des armes nucléaires. Certains le considèrent même comme une étape en vue de la non-prolifération verticale qui ouvrirait ainsi la voie au désarmement nucléaire.", "19. On aborde ici une question fondamentale. En évoquant les cinq Etats dotés d'armes nucléaires, on fait une distinction formelle sur la base du TNP et de considérations chronologiques. Mais, d'autres considérations aboutiraient à une vision différente. A titre d'exemple, le Bélarus, le Kazakhstan et l'Ukraine sont dotés d'armes nucléaires mais n'ont jamais procédé à des essais; l'Afrique du Sud a possédé six engins nucléaires sans procéder à des essais, et affirme maintenant qu'elle n'en a plus; l'Inde, quant à elle, en a eu au moins un; on pense généralement qu'Israël dispose d'armes nucléaires, ainsi que d'autres pays. Néanmoins, la communauté internationale demeure attachée au TNP et à ses", "(M. Marin-Bosch, Mexique)", "définitions quelque peu archaïques. Le fait est que dans les années 90, la distinction entre les pays dotés d'armes nucléaires et certains pays non dotés d'armes nucléaires est de plus en plus floue, car certains de ces derniers importent de grandes quantités de plutonium pour les besoins de leur industrie nucléaire civile déjà bien développée. Ces pays, ainsi que d'autres pays hautement industrialisés sont \"des Etats potentiellement dotés d'armes nucléaires\" du fait qu'ils peuvent produire un engin nucléaire en quelques mois, voire en quelques semaines. Il y a ensuite ce que l'on appelle les Etats considérés comme \"cas limites\", qui ont d'importants programmes nucléaires mais ne sont pas parties au TNP. Enfin, il y a la troisième catégorie de pays non parties au TNP, dits Etats provisoirement dotés d'armes nucléaires comme le Bélarus, le Kazakhstan, l'Ukraine et l'Afrique du Sud.", "20. Ce sont là quelques-unes des questions que les parties au TNP doivent examiner lors du processus de préparation de la Conférence d'examen et de prorogation du TNP de 1995 . Une autre question concerne ce qui s'est produit en Iraq, pays partie au TNP, et les raisons de cette situation. Les inspecteurs de l'ONU et de l'AIEA ont découvert une quantité impressionnante de matériel qui prouve l'existence en Iraq d'un ambitieux programme nucléaire : il semble impossible que pendant des années, en particulier dans les années 80, un matériel aussi \"sensible\" ait pu être exporté en si grandes quantités sans qu'aucun des Etats exportateurs (qui sont tous parties au TNP) ne se soit douté que les Iraquiens étaient en train de préparer quelque chose. Une autre question se pose concernant les conséquences de la récente attitude de la République populaire démocratique de Corée sur l'avenir du régime de non‑prolifération.", "21. La Convention sur l'interdiction de la fabrication, du stockage et de l'emploi des armes chimiques et sur leur destruction tente de remédier à ces situations plutôt confuses touchant à la non‑prolifération des armes de destruction massive. Après son entrée en vigueur, la Convention demande à chaque Etat partie de déclarer s'il est propriétaire ou détenteur d'armes chimiques, si de telles armes se trouvent sur son territoire, s'il en a transférées ou reçues depuis le 1er janvier 1946, et de signaler toute installation de fabrication d'armes chimiques qu'il a ou a eue sur son territoire. C'est là que réside la clef de l'uniformité du régime de la Convention pour toutes les parties. Pour ce qui est des armes chimiques, mais aussi biologiques, il n'existe rien qui rappelle \"la société de caste\" qui existe dans le domaine nucléaire et qui doit disparaître si l'on veut mettre en place un régime de non‑prolifération nucléaire véritable, universel et équitable. Les Etats dotés d'armes nucléaires (et certains autres) ne peuvent continuer à exiger le droit d'observer les installations nucléaires des autres, que ce soit de manière unilatérale ou par le biais de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique (AIEA) si l'on veut instaurer le climat de confiance ou d'ouverture si souvent exigé à d'autres pays en ce qui concerne les autres armes et systèmes d'armement.", "22. La communauté internationale en général et les cinq Etats dotés d'armes nucléaires en particulier ont aujourd'hui l'occasion de franchir un pas décisif sur la voie du désarmement nucléaire. Le processus de préparation de la Conférence d'examen et de prorogation du TNP de 1995 est le cadre idéal pour l'ouverture d'un dialogue franc sur le futur régime de non‑prolifération nucléaire.", "(M. Marin-Bosch, Mexique)", "23. La question de la non‑prolifération des armes de destruction massive sous tous ses aspects ainsi que celle des missiles balistiques prend de plus en plus d'importance. La délégation mexicaine considère qu'il est temps de demander à la Conférence de Genève d'examiner ce sujet de manière plus approfondie et formelle; il s'agit là d'ailleurs d'une question qui doit retenir l'attention des diverses instances multilatérales de désarmement, notamment de la Commission de désarmement. A cet égard, le Secrétaire général devrait élaborer, aidé en cela par un petit groupe d'experts gouvernementaux, une étude succincte sur cette question d'importance vitale pour la communauté internationale. La délégation mexicaine a l'intention d'explorer avec d'autres délégations intéressées la possibilité de présenter un projet de résolution en ce sens.", "24. M. ZAHRAN (Egypte), prenant la parole en sa qualité de Président de la Conférence du désarmement, présente le rapport annuel de la Conférence sur ses travaux de la session de 1993 (A/48/27). Contrairement à 1992, ce rapport ne soumet pas d'instrument international à l'Assemblée générale pour examen, mais la Conférence a examiné de manière très approfondie un certain nombre de questions de fond et d'organisation, progressant ainsi dans l'étude de questions d'importance vitale pour la paix et la sécurité internationales. A cet égard, le 10 août 1993, la Conférence a décidé, entre autres, de donner à son comité spécial sur une interdiction des essais nucléaires mandat de négocier une interdiction complète des essais, et de prendre les dispositions nécessaires pour mener des consultations durant la période allant du 3 septembre 1993 au 17 janvier 1994 sur le mandat précis de négociation et sur l'organisation de cette négociation. Ainsi, pour la première fois depuis la conclusion du Traité interdisant les essais d'armes nucléaires dans l'atmosphère, dans l'espace extra-atmosphérique et sous l'eau du 5 août 1963, l'instance multilatérale de négociation de la communauté internationale va négocier un traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires. Cet objectif si longtemps attendu par la communauté internationale semble à présent être plus proche que jamais. La prochaine négociation sur un point auquel l'Assemblée générale accorde la plus haute priorité depuis la conclusion du Traité sur l'interdiction partielle des essais nucléaires implique un engagement politique qui exigera du Secrétariat les ressources nécessaires pour appuyer ces négociations.", "25. En ce qui concerne la composition de la Conférence, le Coordonnateur spécial pour la question de l'élargissement, comme on peut le lire aux paragraphes 13 et 14 du rapport annuel a mené des consultations approfondies avant de soumettre son rapport. Comme il est dit au paragraphe 15, de nombreuses délégations d'Etats Membres et non Membres ont fait des déclarations sur ce sujet, mais aucune conclusion n'a été dégagée avant la fin de la session annuelle. Le Président a donc été chargé de poursuivre ses consultations pour parvenir à un consensus pendant l'intersession. Il a entamé ces consultations et entend les poursuivre jusqu'à l'ouverture de la session de 1994. Des difficultés subsistent, mais les membres sont pleinement conscients de la nécessité d'élargir la composition de l'instance multilatérale de négociation sur le désarmement. Ce terrain d'entente devrait faciliter la réalisation de cet objectif.", "26. En ce qui concerne les méthodes de travail de la Conférence, des consultations informelles à participation non restreinte ont été organisées; leurs résultats sont résumés aux paragraphes 19 et 20 du rapport annuel. Le rapport abrégé de la Conférence communiqué à la présente session de l'Assemblée", "(M. Zahran, Egypte)", "est le résultat de l'examen de la question de l'amélioration et de l'efficacité du fonctionnement de la Conférence.", "27. Les activités des quatre comités spéciaux mis sur pied par la Conférence à la session annuelle de 1993 méritent d'être mises en relief. Le Comité spécial sur une interdiction des essais nucléaires a progressé dans l'examen des diverses questions liées à ce point de l'ordre du jour, et a également examiné les aspects relatifs à la structure et à la portée d'un futur accord ainsi qu'à la vérification et au respect des obligations. On a reconnu que pour assurer le respect du futur Traité sur l'interdiction complète des essais, il faudrait mettre en place un système de vérification efficace et internationalement applicable. Pour la première fois dans l'histoire de la Conférence, des travaux préliminaires ont été engagés sur les moyens de vérification non sismiques. On a largement reconnu que l'adoption d'une décision visant à donner au Comité spécial le pouvoir de négocier, constituerait un tournant capital dans l'action multilatérale en vue de la conclusion d'un traité d'interdiction complète des essais.", "28. Le Comité spécial sur la prévention d'une course aux armements dans l'espace a examiné diverses questions se rapportant à ses travaux futurs et a également exprimé son appréciation aux collaborateurs du Président pour avoir organisé des consultations ouvertes à tous sur les mesures de confiance, la terminologie et les aspects juridiques liés à la prévention d'une course aux armements dans l'espace. Il y a eu une large convergence de vues sur le fait que la conclusion d'un ou plusieurs accords internationaux visant à empêcher une telle course aux armements demeure la tâche fondamentale du Comité et que les propositions sur les mesures de confiance pourraient faire partie intégrante des accords en question. Il a été recommandé à la Conférence du désarmement de reconstituer au début de la session de 1994 le Comité spécial sur la prévention d'une course aux armements dans l'espace en lui confiant un mandat approprié pour poursuivre le travail de fond sur toutes les questions dont il est saisi.", "29. Le Comité spécial chargé de négocier sur des arrangements internationaux efficaces pour garantir les Etats non dotés d'armes nucléaires contre l'emploi ou la menace de ces armes, poursuivant l'examen qu'il consacre à cette question importante, a déclaré qu'il était nécessaire de redoubler d'efforts, compte tenu des transformations récentes du climat politique international. En conséquence, il y a eu accord sur la recommandation de rétablir le Comité spécial au début de la session de 1994.", "30. En 1993, la Conférence a, pour la première fois, constitué le Comité spécial sur la transparence dans le domaine des armements. A sa première session, le Comité a examiné quantité de points nouveaux, notamment a procédé à un échange de vues sur le fond d'un certain nombre de questions complexes en rapport avec le sujet. Il a examiné la question de l'accumulation excessive et déstabilisatrice d'armes, celle des dotations militaires et achats liés à la production nationale, celle des transferts d'armements et transferts de technologie de pointe ayant des applications militaires ainsi que celle des armes de destruction massive. Il a été saisi de 18 documents de travail dont plusieurs contenaient des propositions concrètes. Bien que l'on ne soit pas parvenu à un accord sur ces propositions, les délégations ont partagé le sentiment que beaucoup des éléments qui y figuraient pouvaient servir de point de départ aux travaux qui seraient menés pour promouvoir la confiance et la", "(M. Zahran, Egypte)", "stabilité. Le Comité spécial a donc recommandé de le rétablir au début de la session de 1994 de la Conférence.", "31. Les travaux de la Conférence en 1993 ont continué sur la voie positive ouverte l'année passée avec l'accord historique sur la Convention interdisant les armes chimiques. De nouvelles idées et des terrains d'entente sont apparus depuis que la coopération internationale a remplacé les affrontements de la guerre froide. La décision d'entamer des négociations sur un traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires est un des faits nouveaux les plus remarquables de la période de l'après-guerre froide. Les négociations seront certes difficiles et il faudra faire face à un certain nombre de questions délicates mais M. Zahran se déclare convaincu que la Conférence s'acquittera parfaitement des lourdes responsabilités qui sont les siennes en tant qu'organe international de négociation sur la question de désarmement.", "32. M. O'SULLIVAN (Australie) dit que trois événements significatifs ont eu lieu depuis la dernière réunion de la Commission. Tout d'abord, la Convention sur les armes chimiques a été mise au point, ouverte à la signature et a recueilli un large appui international. Le secrétariat technique provisoire mis en place à cette occasion est un exemple de coopération multilatérale digne d'être mentionné; il est déjà opérationnel, ce qui augure bien de l'application effective du Traité. M. O'Sullivan invite vivement l'ensemble des Etats signataires à prendre les mesures nécessaires pour assurer dès que possible l'application des dispositions de la Convention. De même, il demande aux Etats non signataires de revoir leur position afin que l'application de l'interdiction complète sur les armes chimiques prenne un caractère universel.", "33. En deuxième lieu, la décision importante prise par la Conférence du désarmement de commencer des négociations sur un traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires annonce l'avènement d'une période nouvelle et attendue depuis longtemps de négociations internationales sur le désarmement. Le traité servira un double objectif : empêcher la fabrication de nouvelles générations d'armes nucléaires et renforcer le régime de non-prolifération nucléaire. L'Australie est convaincue que le gros des travaux sur l'élaboration du traité sera terminé à temps pour la conférence d'examen du TNP en avril 1995. Toutefois, il est essentiel de travailler parallèlement sur les aspects politiques, juridiques et de vérification du traité, aspects qui se renforcent mutuellement. L'Australie est prête à envisager la possibilité de consacrer davantage de temps aux négociations à la session de 1994 de la Conférence de désarmement. Etant donné les progrès réalisés sur la voie de l'ouverture de négociations sur un traité, la récente décision de la Chine de violer le moratoire de fait sur les essais nucléaires observé depuis plus d'un an est tout à fait regrettable.", "34. L'Australie espère que les Etats dotés d'armes nucléaires donneront, sous forme de déclaration commune ou autre déclaration obligatoire, de nouvelles assurances unilatérales de ne pas utiliser ces armes contre les pays ayant pris des engagements en ce qui concerne la non‑prolifération. Avec le Traité sur l'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires, une telle action faciliterait grandement l'examen et la prorogation du TNP.", "35. La prorogation du TNP à la Conférence d'examen de 1995 est essentielle, ne serait‑ce que parce qu'elle fournira une base juridique solide pour la", "(M. O'Sullivan, Australie)", "coopération internationale dans l'utilisation pacifique de l'énergie nucléaire. L'Australie, à l'instar de nombreux autres pays, est pour une prorogation indéfinie du Traité et continuera de participer activement aux réunions préparatoires de la Conférence de 1995.", "36. La fin de la guerre froide représente à la fois un défi au régime de non‑prolifération nucléaire et une occasion de le renforcer. Inquiète de la prolifération des armes nucléaires en Asie du Sud, l'Australie souhaiterait un dialogue plus actif sur les questions nucléaires entre l'Inde et le Pakistan. De même, l'Ukraine et le Kazakhstan doivent être encouragés à respecter leurs obligations aux termes du Protocole de Lisbonne à l'Accord START I et à adhérer au TNP en tant qu'Etats non dotés d'armes nucléaires, à l'exemple du Bélarus.", "37. L'Australie se félicite également de la coopération de l'Afrique du Sud avec l'AIEA depuis son adhésion au TNP, et en particulier de sa politique de transparence totale concernant ses activités nucléaires. Toutefois, la persistance de l'Iraq et de la République populaire démocratique de Corée à ne pas respecter les obligations de garantie de l'AIEA demeure alarmante.", "38. L'Australie soutient pleinement les efforts entrepris depuis la guerre du Golfe pour renforcer l'efficacité et la transparence du système de garanties de l'AIEA, ainsi que les travaux du Groupe consultatif permanent sur l'application des garanties, et encourage les autres pays à faire de même. En ce qui concerne le dernier point, il souligne l'importance d'une application effective des accords de garanties pour la prévention des activités nucléaires clandestines et la promotion de la Conférence dans le cadre du régime de non‑prolifération fondé sur le TNP.", "39. Le renforcement du contrôle des exportations à usage nucléaire et des arrangements relatifs aux fournisseurs nucléaires irait dans le sens des objectifs de non‑prolifération du TNP. En outre, les accords régionaux de non‑prolifération comme les Traités de Tlatelolco en Amérique latine et de Rarotonga dans le Pacifique Sud complètent le régime international de non‑prolifération fondé sur le TNP. Des mesures visant l'établissement de zones exemptes d'armes nucléaires dans les autres régions permettraient non seulement de forger une attitude plus positive vis‑à‑vis des arrangements de non‑prolifération dans ces régions, mais encourageraient également le soutien régional au TNP en prévision de la Conférence de 1995.", "40. L'Australie compte participer, dans les années à venir, aux négociations visant à mettre fin à la production de matières fissiles et à instaurer un système de contrôle multilatéral et non discriminatoire des achats de systèmes de missiles qui comportent des risques de déstabilisation, particulièrement de ceux qui sont utilisés comme vecteurs d'armes de destruction massive.", "41. On a eu tendance à sous-estimer la menace que la prolifération des armes biologiques fait peser sur la sécurité internationale. Depuis longtemps déjà, l'Australie juge préoccupant que l'efficacité du seul instrument mondial visant l'élimination de ces armes — la Convention sur l'interdiction de la mise au point, de la fabrication et du stockage des armes bactériologiques (biologiques) ou à toxines et sur leur destruction — soit limitée par l'absence de mécanismes permettant de vérifier que les Etats s'acquittent bien des obligations qui leur incombent au titre dudit instrument. Elle se félicite donc que le rapport du", "(M. O'Sullivan, Australie)", "Groupe ad hoc d'experts gouvernementaux conclue au bien-fondé de l'adoption de mesures de vérification et fournisse une base technique solide sur laquelle asseoir l'élaboration des mesures en question. L'Australie appuie l'organisation d'une conférence spéciale à cet effet, et suggère que les autres Etats parties fassent de même en le notifiant sans retard à l'un des pays dépositaires.", "42. La fin de la guerre froide a donné une efficacité nouvelle aux travaux de la Commission en matière de sécurité régionale; elle lui a permis d'oeuvrer en faveur de la maîtrise des armements et de renforcer la sécurité et la confiance dans certaines régions. Des progrès ont été faits dans la région Asie‑Pacifique, les pays de l'ANASE ayant pris l'initiative d'ouvrir un dialogue sur la sécurité dans la région en créant le Forum régional de l'Association. L'Australie a également participé aux travaux du Groupe de travail sur la maîtrise des armements et la sécurité régionale, organisé sous les auspices des Etats-Unis et de la Russie, et suit la question avec intérêt.", "43. En ce qui concerne la transparence dans le domaine militaire, notamment en matière d'armements, l'intervenant note avec satisfaction que de nombreux pays ont déjà fait parvenir au Secrétaire général les informations demandées au titre du Registre des armes classiques. Il entend pour sa part participer activement, au cours de l'Assemblée générale et de la Conférence du désarmement, à l'élaboration de mécanismes mondiaux de transparence, ainsi que de directives concernant les achats d'armements. Il faudra par ailleurs examiner prochainement la nécessité de réglementer plus efficacement l'utilisation des mines terrestres, ce qui exige une révision de la Convention sur les armes inhumaines.", "44. En conclusion, l'intervenant rappelle qu'il lui a été demandé d'étudier la possibilité d'élargir la Conférence du désarmement afin de lui permettre de s'acquitter plus efficacement de ses tâches. A la suite de nombreuses consultations informelles, il a proposé à la Conférence une solution de compromis, sur laquelle les membres n'ont malheureusement pas réussi à se mettre d'accord. Il est toutefois convaincu qu'avec l'aide du Président de la Conférence, une solution pourra bientôt être trouvée, qui remportera l'approbation générale.", "45. M. PIZARRO (Chili) estime que, malgré la fin de la guerre froide, il reste encore beaucoup à faire dans le domaine du désarmement. Son gouvernement déplore que la Chine ait récemment enfreint le moratoire volontaire sur les essais nucléaires, amenant les autres puissances nucléaires à remettre en question leurs propres engagements.", "46. Le Chili s'inquiète particulièrement de l'extension du Traité sur la non‑prolifération des armes nucléaires. Tout en reconnaissant le bien-fondé de ses objectifs, il continue de considérer ce traité comme un instrument discriminatoire car, à son avis, la prolifération accrue des armes nucléaires est en grande partie due à l'inégalité des droits et des obligations entre les Etats dotés de l'arme nucléaire et ceux qui ne le sont pas. Le Gouvernement chilien a néanmoins revu sa position à ce sujet, dans l'espoir que les parties se montreraient plus flexibles à leur tour et autoriseraient des observateurs à participer à la préparation de la Conférence de 1995. Il faut tirer parti de", "(M. Pizarro, Chili)", "l'occasion qu'offre le climat politique actuel pour examiner sans contrainte le régime de non-prolifération des armes nucléaires.", "47. Il est également inquiétant que l'on ne parvienne pas à se mettre d'accord sur un élargissement éventuel de la Conférence du désarmement. L'intervenant demande instamment aux parties intéressées d'intensifier leurs consultations, afin d'aplanir les difficultés que soulève encore la proposition du représentant de l'Australie, proposition que le Chili considère pour sa part comme une option viable.", "48. Alors qu'approche son cinquantième anniversaire, l'ONU se doit de relever le défi et de faire véritablement fonction de catalyseur dans le domaine de la paix et de la sécurité internationales. La délégation chilienne approuve donc les propositions tendant à rationaliser les activités de la Commission et à revoir son ordre du jour. L'objectif de la Commission devrait être d'établir des règles plus contraignantes qui renforcent véritablement la paix et la sécurité internationales.", "49. L'Amérique latine et les Caraïbes soutiennent sans réserve la cause du désarmement, comme le montrent la détermination politique de l'Argentine, du Brésil et du Chili à assurer l'application du Traité de Ttatelolco, ainsi que les accords conclus sur des questions nucléaires entre l'Argentine et le Brésil, accords dont la portée dépasse celle d'instruments comparables.", "50. S'agissant de la Convention sur les armes chimiques, la déclaration finale d'un séminaire régional récemment tenu à Santiago a notamment souligné qu'il fallait veiller à l'applicabilité universelle de la Convention ainsi qu'au fonctionnement efficace et équilibré de son régime de vérification. L'Accord de Mendoza sur l'interdiction totale des armes chimiques et biologiques bénéficie déjà en outre d'un large appui régional. Au Chili, la Convention sur l'interdiction d'utiliser des techniques de modification de l'environnement à des fins militaires ou toutes autres fins hostiles (ENMOD) est actuellement examinée par la Chambre des députés en vue de sa ratification.", "51. L'intervenant juge encourageant le grand nombre de réponses relatives au Registre des armes classiques reçues par le Centre des affaires de désarmement. Il est essentiel d'améliorer le Registre afin qu'il serve véritablement à instaurer un climat de confiance, aux niveaux bilatéral, régional et mondial. A cette fin, le Gouvernement chilien a non seulement fait état de ses transferts d'armes mais également de ses stocks; il a aussi manifesté son intention de participer aux prochaines réunions d'experts gouvernementaux sur ce sujet.", "52. Les problèmes de désarmement n'ont rien perdu de leur urgence et le rôle qu'ils jouent dans la sécurité internationale est plus manifeste que jamais. Le Gouvernement chilien se demande si le Centre des affaires de désarmement dispose bien des ressources humaines et matérielles nécessaires pour faire face à ses besoins.", "53. Depuis l'émergence du nouvel ordre international, le problème de la sécurité a pris une importance nouvelle; il n'est plus possible d'aborder la question de façon traditionnelle car, dans bien des régions du monde, la sécurité est désormais liée à la pauvreté. Le représentant du Chili demande donc à la Commission de garder à l'esprit les quatre points suivants :", "(M. Pizarro, Chili)", "premièrement, la sécurité des personnes est à présent aussi importante, sinon plus importante, que la sécurité de l'Etat; deuxièmement, les problèmes sécuritaires que connaît un pays, une région ou une zone géographique risquent, par‑delà les frontières, de compromettre la stabilité des pays, régions ou zones avoisinants; troisièmement, les problèmes économiques, sociaux, environnementaux et autres sont des problèmes de sécurité, au sens contemporain du terme; quatrièmement, la fin de la guerre froide a permis de revenir à des idées, comme celle des \"zones de paix\", que la confrontation idéologique avait rendues impraticables. Il a été amplement prouvé en Amérique latine que ces zones étaient un bon moyen de promouvoir la coopération et la compréhension, et de diminuer les tensions militaires éventuelles.", "54. Le désarmement doit être un processus mondial qui, en tenant dûment compte des caractéristiques de chaque région, devrait entraîner une amélioration sensible des conditions de vie des populations des pays en développement. L'intervenant estime qu'il s'agit là de buts à la réalisation desquels l'ONU offre un cadre tout désigné, étant inscrits dans sa Charte. Il est donc impératif de saisir l'occasion unique que fournit la conjoncture politique actuelle de progresser sensiblement sur la voie du désarmement, de la paix et de la sécurité internationaux au plus grand bénéfice des générations à venir.", "55. M. MROZIEWICZ (Pologne) dit que, depuis 1989, la scène internationale a connu des bouleversements profonds qui ont modifié la nature même de la sécurité internationale. Si, depuis la fin de la guerre froide, certaines sources d'instabilité et certains conflits régionaux ont disparu et de nouvelles possibilités de régler les différends de longue date sont apparues, de nouveaux conflits, autrefois larvés, ont éclaté, alimentés par une recrudescence du nationalisme, voire de xénophobie. Pendant des décennies, la sécurité internationale a dépendu de l'équilibre des forces militaires; maintenant qu'elle résulte surtout d'un équilibre politique, le rôle du Conseil de sécurité et des organisations régionales a pris une importance nouvelle.", "56. La Pologne entretient de bonnes relations avec ses voisins en coopérant notamment avec le Groupe de Visegrad et les pays baltes. Elle s'efforce également de renforcer ses liens avec les pays d'Europe occidentale, des Etats‑Unis et du Canada. En matière de politique étrangère, elle vise en priorité à s'intégrer à l'OTAN et à la Communauté européenne.", "57. L'Europe doit maintenant mettre en place un système assurant la sécurité égale de tous les pays de la région. La Conférence sur la sécurité et la coopération en Europe (CSCE) pourrait servir de cadre au règlement des différends et à la prévention des conflits. Si besoin est, elle pourrait demander l'intervention des alliances militaires intéressées qui joueraient ainsi un double rôle, celui d'alliances au sens de l'Article 52 de la Charte des Nations Unies et celui d'institutions dotées de responsabilités paneuropéennes, rôle auquel la Pologne attache une importance particulière.", "58. Le TNP constitue l'un des piliers de la sécurité internationale et il devrait être prolongé pour une durée illimitée à la Conférence des parties chargée de l'examen prévue en 1995. Cette conférence sera d'autant plus efficace qu'elle aura été préparée par des négociations constructives sur le Traité d'interdiction complète des essais d'armes nucléaires, à la Conférence du désarmement à Genève. En raison de l'importance qu'elle attache à la", "(M. Mroziewicz, Pologne)", "non‑prolifération des armes nucléaires et avec l'appui du Groupe des pays d'Europe orientale, auquel n'a encore jamais été confiée la présidence d'une conférence chargée d'examiner le TNP, la Pologne a l'intention de proposer un candidat au siège de Président de la Conférence de 1995.", "59. La prolifération des matières et techniques nécessaires à la production d'armes de destruction massive et leur vente clandestine à des régions où existent des conflits larvés font peser des risques accrus sur la paix et la sécurité internationales. La question devrait donc continuer de recevoir une attention prioritaire.", "60. En se félicitant de ce que quelque 150 Etats aient signé la Convention sur l'interdiction de la mise au point, de la fabrication, du stockage et de l'emploi des armes chimiques et sur leur destruction, l'intervenant a souligné qu'il fallait d'urgence veiller à ce que la Convention entre en vigueur et à ce que les Etats signataires coopèrent avec la Commission préparatoire de l'Organisation pour l'interdiction des armes chimiques. La Pologne s'associera aux Pays-Bas et au Canada pour présenter un projet de résolution sur la question.", "61. La Pologne se félicite de la création, dans le cadre de la Conférence du désarmement, d'un comité ad hoc sur la transparence dans le domaine des armements. L'Atelier régional organisé au début de 1993 en Pologne par le Centre des Nations Unies pour les affaires de désarmement a facilité la participation des Etats de la région aux activités relatives au Registre des armes classiques, auquel la Pologne attache une grande importance.", "62. Les nouvelles réalités et les priorités en matière de désarmement exigent une refonte des mécanismes de désarmement, notamment la rationalisation du programme de travail de la Première Commission et de ses méthodes de travail, ce qui permettra de réduire le nombre de ses résolutions et de renforcer leur crédibilité. L'intervenant se félicite de la décision prise par la Conférence du désarmement de concentrer ses travaux sur quatre questions seulement en 1993, et de créer rapidement les organes subsidiaires correspondants mais regrette que ses membres ne soient pas parvenus à un consensus sur la question cruciale de son élargissement. Il est essentiel de trouver une solution de compromis tenant compte des différentes aspirations des Etats souhaitent devenir membres de la Conférence, sans pour autant compromettre son pouvoir de négociation.", "63. M. CISSE (Sénégal) dit que l'optimisme créé par les mutations positives survenues dans le contexte international et l'engagement croissant de l'ONU dans les efforts de paix est tempéré par la préoccupation devant la recrudescence des conflits armés. Seul un désarmement général et complet permettra d'instaurer une coopération multilatérale et, partant, le développement économique et social, qui sont nécessaires pour prévenir ces conflits.", "64. C'est pourquoi le Sénégal est encouragé par les progrès importants réalisés dans le cadre du désarmement en 1993, notamment par la signature de la Convention sur l'interdiction de la mise au point, de la fabrication, du stockage et de l'emploi des armes chimiques et leur destruction, et espère que les formalités requises pour son entrée en vigueur seront bientôt accomplies et que pourra commencer, pour la première fois dans l'histoire de l'humanité, un processus d'élimination totale d'une catégorie d'armes de destruction massive.", "(M. Cissé, Sénégal)", "65. Le Sénégal se félicite également de la signature par les Etats‑Unis et la Fédération de Russie du Traité START II en 1993, et espère que les derniers obstacles à la ratification du Protocole de Lisbonne seront surmontés sans délai.", "66. L'intervenant note avec préoccupation que de nombreuses questions, de procédure notamment, concernant la Conférence de 1995 chargée de l'examen du Traité n'ont pas été réglées et appelle l'attention, en particulier, sur la question de la présidence de la Conférence, indiquant que sa délégation soutient la candidature de S. E. M. Dhampala présentée par le Mouvement des non‑alignés.", "67. En tant qu'Etat non doté d'arme nucléaire, le Sénégal se félicite tout particulièrement de la décision prise récemment de charger la Commission du désarmement de négocier un traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires, et se déclare prêt à contribuer activement à cet important projet.", "68. Sur le plan régional, le Sénégal a accueilli avec satisfaction, l'annonce faite par l'Afrique du Sud concernant le démantèlement de ses armes nucléaires. L'intervenant souligne que l'inventaire du matériel nucléaire produit à la suite du démantèlement doit être notifié d'urgence à l'AIEA et que ce matériel doit être placé pour contrôle total ou transféré hors de l'Afrique afin d'assurer la dénucléarisation du continent africain.", "69. En ce qui concerne la région de l'Asie, la délégation sénégalaise accueille avec satisfaction la déclaration commune faite par la République populaire démocratique de Corée et les Etats‑Unis concernant les efforts qu'ils déploient en vue de parvenir une dénucléarisation de la péninsule coréenne, ainsi que la décision de la première de suspendre son retrait du TNP et de poursuivre les négociations avec l'AIEA.", "70. En dépit des progrès réalisés concernant la réduction et le contrôle de certaines catégories d'armes de destruction massive, le renforcement croissant des arsenaux d'armes classiques dans certaines régions vulnérables du monde continue à faire peser des menaces sur le précaire équilibre politique, économique et social. Aussi, l'intervenant se félicite de l'établissement d'un Registre des armes classiques et espère que les discussions en cours aboutiront à une plus grande transparence dans ce domaine.", "71. Les efforts déployés par l'ONU en vue de promouvoir le désarmement et la réglementation des armements ne pourront aboutir qu'avec le soutien de tous les Etats Membres, notamment des grandes puissances détentrices de terrifiants arsenaux militaires. Construire un monde de paix et de sécurité exige également que l'on lutte contre la faim, la pauvreté et la maladie, fléaux qui risquent, si l'on n'y prend garde, de compromettre plus gravement la paix et la sécurité internationales que les arsenaux militaires.", "72. M. PERRI (Brésil) dit que, malgré les événements positifs de la période de l'après-guerre froide, tels que le récent accord entre Israël et la Palestine et le démantèlement de l'apartheid, de nouveaux conflits sont apparus et d'autres, plus anciens, ont resurgi, rendant plus complexe que prévu le maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales à la fin d'une époque marquée par les confrontations idéologiques. Il faut donc accorder une importance particulière à la diplomatie préventive, car la consolidation de la paix par la promotion", "(M. Perri, Brésil)", "d'un ordre international juste et équitable constitue la meilleure diplomatie dans un monde où persistent des déséquilibres politiques, militaires et économiques.", "73. Comme l'a souligné le Ministre brésilien des affaires étrangères dans son discours devant l'Assemblée générale, l'agenda de la communauté internationale demeure articulé autour de la démocratie, du développement et du désarmement, avec leurs incidences sur les droits de l'homme, l'environnement et la sécurité internationale, ces trois éléments constituant les fondements nécessaires pour la paix dans le cadre du nouvel ordre international que l'ONU s'efforce de mettre en place.", "74. S'agissant des initiatives encourageantes prises récemment, l'intervenant se félicite de la signature du Traité START II ainsi que de l'intention des Etats‑Unis d'interdire la production de matières fissiles. La conjoncture plus pacifique a offert la possibilité de réduire les budgets militaires et de reconvertir les industries d'armements à des fins civiles. Le Brésil espère que les ressources dégagées dans le cadre de ce processus stimuleront le développement économique et social, en particulier dans l'intérêt du monde en développement, et se félicite à cet égard de la proposition tendant à charger la CNUCED de coordonner la création d'un groupe interdépartemental spécial des Nations Unies sur la reconversion.", "75. Sur le plan multilatéral, l'intervenant note avec satisfaction la signature de la Convention sur les armes chimiques par 150 pays et demande instamment aux autres pays de l'associer à eux. Il se félicite également des progrès réalisés dans les domaines de la vérification des armes biologiques, du contrôle des armes classiques et de l'interdiction des essais nucléaires. Il demande instamment aux Etats nucléaires de ne pas reprendre leurs essais et de poursuivre leurs efforts en vue de parvenir à la conclusion d'un traité multilatéral d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires, et dont l'application puisse être vérifiée par la communauté internationale, d'autant que la cessation des essais nucléaires est cruciale pour arrêter la prolifération verticale et que les progrès vers la non‑prolifération horizontale risquent d'être compromis si la prolifération verticale n'était pas arrêtée.", "76. L'intervenant espère que les négociations sur l'élargissement de la Conférence du désarmement aboutiront, répondant ainsi au besoin de la démocratiser davantage, sans nuire à son efficacité.", "77. M. Perri dit qu'à sa session suivante la Conférence du désarmement devra achever ses travaux sur les autres questions inscrites à son ordre du jour et appelle l'attention sur l'intérêt particulier que porte le Brésil à la promotion du dialogue sur la question relative à la science et à la technologie, convaincu qu'un consensus entre les pays fournisseurs et les pays bénéficiaires sur les directives et les recommandations proposées serait d'une importance cruciale pour le renforcement de la sécurité internationale et la promotion du développement économique et social. La détermination de la communauté internationale à assurer l'utilisation et le transfert des techniques de pointe à des fins exclusivement pacifiques contribuerait à l'instauration d'un ordre international plus pacifique et plus prospère.", "(M. Perri, Brésil)", "78. L'intervenant se félicite des progrès importants réalisés dans le domaine du désarmement par les organismes des Nations Unies tels que le Bureau (devenu Centre) des affaires de désarmement, les centres régionaux pour le désarmement, l'Institut des Nations Unies pour la recherche sur le désarmement et le Conseil consultatif pour les questions de désarmement. Néanmoins, le maintien d'arsenaux nucléaires représente toujours une menace à la paix et à la sécurité. A cet égard, M. Perri exprime sa préoccupation devant la situation précaire qui prévaut dans certaines parties de l'ex‑URSS, où se trouvent des armes nucléaires stratégiques.", "79. A la suite de l'adoption de divers instruments internationaux par le Brésil et d'autres pays de la région, l'Amérique latine est sur le point de devenir une région où les armes nucléaires seront définitivement interdites. L'intervenant espère que le Traité de Tlatelolco, approuvé récemment par le Gouvernement brésilien, sera adopté par d'autres pays de la région et mis en oeuvre dans toutes ses dispositions avant la fin de 1993.", "La séance est levée à 13 h 10." ]	[ "[]Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control-F para entrar al footer que contiene Distr. GENERAL.", "PRIMERA COMISION", "Tercera sesión", "celebrada el lunes", "18 de octubre de 1993", "a las 10.00 horas", "Nueva York", "ACTA RESUMIDA DE LA TERCERA SESION", "Presidente: von WAGNER (Alemania)", "SUMARIO", "DECLARACION DEL PRESIDENTE", "DECLARACION DEL SECRETARIO GENERAL ADJUNTO DE ASUNTOS POLITICOS", "DEBATE GENERAL SOBRE TODOS LOS TEMAS DEL PROGRAMA RELATIVOS AL DESARME Y A LA SEGURIDAD INTERNACIONALES", "Se declara abierta la sesión a las 10.20 horas.", "DECLARACION DEL PRESIDENTE", "1. El PRESIDENTE dice que la \"agenda de desarme\" de los períodos de sesiones anteriores seguirán revistiendo una importancia crucial para muchas cuestiones apremiantes. Los notables acontecimientos políticos de los últimos tiempos ayudarán a la Comisión a llegar a un consenso sobre cuestiones que hasta ahora había sido imposible abordar. La Comisión debe procurar fundir las resoluciones que se refieren al mismo tema siempre que los cambios políticos lo permitan. Las delegaciones relacionadas con dichas resoluciones deben demostrar suficiente flexibilidad y voluntad política para llegar a una solución de transacción. La Comisión tal vez desee reunir los temas tradicionales de su labor y las respectivas resoluciones bajo los denominados \"temas generales\". Las delegaciones también deberían considerar si sus resoluciones todavía reflejan los cambios ocurridos en el clima político después de la confrontación entre Oriente y Occidente.", "2. Convendría que la Comisión precisara más estrictamente sus objetivos con respecto a la agenda de desarme tradicional y al mismo tiempo lo ampliara para que abarcara cuestiones más generales relacionadas con la paz y la seguridad. Habida cuenta de los cambios ocurridos en el mundo y de las inquietantes nuevas tendencias que amenazan la paz y la seguridad, la Comisión debería considerar si el programa de control de armamentos refleja sus responsabilidades en forma amplia y si la simplificación y la racionalización son los únicos medios de revitalizar su labor. La reducción del número de resoluciones sobre el desarme podría indicar una disminución de la importancia de la Comisión si esa reducción no va acompañada de la apertura de nuevos medios para realizar actividades políticas importantes. La Comisión daría una impresión falsa a los gobiernos, al público y a los que determinan la opinión pública si simplemente redujera su volumen de trabajo en momentos en que estallan conflictos militares y se buscan desesperadamente los medios para impedirlos o contenerlos.", "3. El nuevo nombre de la Comisión parece dar a entender que su función no consiste en ser un foro centrado exclusivamente en cuestiones del control de armamentos. El Secretario General sugirió que era necesario que hubiera una integración práctica del desarme y de las cuestiones de regulación de los armamentos en la estructura más amplia del programa de la paz y la seguridad internacionales. Sin embargo, al mismo tiempo, la Comisión tiene que tener presentes las disposiciones pertinentes de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas que limitan el alcance de las medidas que pueden adoptar la Asamblea General y sus comisiones. No obstante ello, y a pesar de lo previsto en el Artículo 12 de la Carta, la Comisión, como parte de sus responsabilidades generales, podría formular recomendaciones con respecto a una controversia o a una situación que no se haya presentado ante el Consejo de Seguridad. La Comisión también podría formular recomendaciones, directrices o principios generales relacionados con la paz y la seguridad internacionales con miras a promover un entendimiento más profundo de los conceptos de la diplomacia preventiva, el fomento de la confianza y de las medidas para preservar la paz en la etapa posterior a los conflictos. Al insertar el programa de desarme tradicional en el contexto más", "(El Presidente)", "amplio de las cuestiones de seguridad, de los conflictos que surgen y de los riesgos para la paz, la Comisión podría estar en mejores condiciones de limitarse a las cuestiones que revisten mayor interés.", "DECLARACION DEL SECRETARIO GENERAL ADJUNTO DE ASUNTOS POLITICOS", "4. El Sr. GOULDING (Secretario General Adjunto de Asuntos Políticos) recuerda que en su informe titulado \"Nuevas dimensiones de la regulación de los armamentos y el desarme en la era posterior a la guerra fría\" (A/C.1/47/7), el Secretario General dijo que el desarme se debería incorporar a la estructura más amplia de la paz y la seguridad internacionales en lugar de abordarse por separado. En la esfera del desarme hay considerables oportunidades de adelanto. La Conferencia de 1995 de los Estados Partes en el Tratado sobre la no proliferación de las armas nucleares (TNP) es una oportunidad importante para llegar a una respuesta internacionalmente convenida a las preocupaciones sobre el peligro de la proliferación de las armas nucleares. Su Departamento ha enviado personal que aportará la contribución necesaria a los preparativos exitosos de la Conferencia.", "5. La decisión de la Conferencia de Desarme de dar a su Comité ad hoc sobre la prohibición de los ensayos de armas nucleares el mandato de comenzar negociaciones sustantivas para llegar a un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares a principios de 1994 revela que hay una intención firme de concretar ese objetivo de larga data, especialmente por parte de los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares. La finalización con éxito de las negociaciones acerca de la Convención sobre de la Prohibición del Desarrollo, la Producción, el Almacenamiento y el Empleo de armas químicas y sobre su destrucción es un ejemplo de la labor que puede desempeñar la Conferencia de Desarme cuando cuenta con la participación de todos los sectores de la comunidad internacional. Dicha Convención será el primer instrumento multilateral con disposiciones amplias para su aplicación que se aplican por igual a todas las partes. También son importantes los nuevos compromisos de negociar un sistema viable de verificación para la Convención sobre la prohibición del desarrollo, la producción y el almacenamiento de armas bacteriológicas (biológicas) y tóxicas y sobre su destrucción, como se reconoció en la Tercera Conferencia de Examen.", "6. Hay señales de que se ha llegado a un nuevo nivel de interés sobre los difíciles problemas que se plantean en el mundo después de la guerra fría. En diversas regiones se ha trabajado intensamente en pro de la cooperación y el fomento de la confianza; el fortalecimiento de los sistemas de cooperación regional que incluyen cuestiones de seguridad representan un tipo de diplomacia preventiva basada en la transparencia. El papel de la Comisión en esos procesos es importante.", "7. La proliferación de las armas convencionales es uno de los legados más inquietantes de la guerra fría. El orador, que anteriormente ocupó el puesto de Secretario General Adjunto de Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz, tiene plena conciencia del grado en que el control y la solución de conflictos en muchas partes del mundo se ven complicados por la enorme cantidad de armas que se han introducido en esas regiones durante los dos últimos decenios. Se necesita una acción concertada, fundamentalmente por parte de los gobiernos", "(Sr. Goulding)", "en sus propios territorios, para eliminar la considerable cantidad de armas que se encuentran en manos de grupos políticos o de particulares. La creación del un nuevo Registro de las Naciones Unidas de Armamentos Convencionales es un paso importante para aumentar la claridad y la transparencia en las cuestiones militares. El uso indiscriminado de minas terrestre es otra cuestión que requiere la atención urgente y decidida de la comunidad internacional.", "8. A fin de responder a estos desafíos y oportunidades, el Secretario General ha decidido dar un nuevo nombre a la Oficina de Asuntos de Desarme, que se denominará \"Centro de Asuntos de Desarme\" y ha decidido también que éste se quede en Nueva York como parte integrante del Departamento de Asuntos Políticos.", "De conformidad con lo convenido con la Asamblea General, el personal estaría integrado nuevamente por el mismo número de funcionarios que tenía, con la adición propuesta de tres puestos, fundamentalmente en relación con la labor del Registro de Armamentos Convencionales. El Secretario General ha encargado a la Oficina que estudie cómo se podría lograr que las medidas de fomento de la confianza, verificación y otras técnicas que se habían elaborado y ensayado en la esfera del control de armamentos y el desarme se perfeccionaran y utilizaran como instrumentos de diplomacia preventiva, establecimiento de la paz y consolidación de la paz posterior a los conflictos, con el consentimiento de los gobiernos interesados. En tal sentido, el Centro tiene la ventaja de que varios funcionarios que lo integran han prestado servicios en misiones de mantenimiento de la paz en los últimos meses, lo que les permite aportar una experiencia valiosa desde el terreno.", "9. La Conferencia de Desarme sigue siendo el foro principal para la negociación de acuerdos internacionales sobre el control de armamentos y desarme. Tras la renuncia del Sr. Berasategui, Secretario General de la Conferencia, el Secretario General designó al Sr. Vladimir Petrovsky, Director General de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra, para que ocupara el cargo de Secretario General de la Conferencia y actuara como su Representante Personal ante ella, con carácter provisional, a partir del 5 de diciembre de 1993. El Sr. Petrovsky desempeñaría esas funciones simultáneamente con sus funciones de Director General de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.", "10. Actualmente se está examinando nuevamente la labor de los tres centros regionales del Centro teniendo presentes las nuevas oportunidades de adelanto sobre una base regional. Habría que volver a definir el papel de los centros para asegurar que sus actividades tienen consecuencias en las regiones en que prestan servicios y forman parte eficazmente de la respuesta de la Secretaría a las oportunidades y los problemas a que hace frente.", "DEBATE GENERAL SOBRE TODOS LOS TEMAS DEL PROGRAMA RELATIVOS AL DESARME Y A LA SEGURIDAD INTERNACIONAL", "11. El Sr. MARIN BOSCH (México) dice que desde hace algún tiempo la Conferencia de Desarme ha sentido el impacto de los cambios vertiginosos en la situación internacional; por segundo año consecutivo, su informe a la Asamblea General contiene resultados concretos. La decisión de entablar las anheladas y largamente pospuestas negociaciones sobre una prohibición completa de los ensayos nucleares será un punto crítico en los esfuerzos de la comunidad internacional por detener y revertir la proliferación nuclear en todos sus", "(Sr. Marin Bosch, México)", "aspectos. Esa decisión fue posible, en gran medida, debido al cambio de posición que asumió el nuevo Gobierno de los Estados Unidos con respecto a la prohibición completa de los ensayos nucleares. Lamentablemente, no fue posible llegar a un acuerdo en 1993 sobre la ampliación de la composición de la Conferencia, ya que de pronto apareció una opinión negativa solitaria. Cabe esperar que ese país pueda reconsiderar su posición.", "12. Washington y Moscú están empezando a revertir la carrera de armamentos nucleares, con la firma del Tratado entre los Estados Unidos de América y la Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas sobre la reducción y limitación de la armas estratégicas ofensivas (START), el Protocolo de Lisboa y el Tratado START II. Así como la carrera de armamentos nucleares tuvo una dinámica muy particular, fomentada por los intereses de los complejos militares e industriales, el proceso de reducción de esos arsenales tendrá su propia dinámica y exigirá reducciones cada vez mayores de las armas nucleares. Sin embargo, no hay que perder de vista el hecho de que en diez años cuando se hayan cumplido cabalmente las disposiciones de los tratados START, los arsenales nucleares estratégicos de Estados Unidos y Rusia seguirán siendo superiores a los que tenían hacia finales del decenio de 1960, cuando se firmó el Tratado sobre la no proliferación de las armas nucleares. No hay que olvidar tampoco que desde entonces el mundo ha sido inundado por decenas de miles de armas nucleares y la comunidad internacional todavía no ha llegado a un acuerdo sobre un camino bien definido a seguir con respecto a esas armas de destrucción en masa.", "13. En cuanto a los ensayos nucleares, se abrigaba la esperanza de que los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares dieran muestras de prudencia que sin duda redundarían en beneficio de las futuras negociaciones sobre el tema. Sin embargo, el 5 de octubre de 1993, China rompió la moratoria de facto sobre los ensayos nucleares y en las capitales de otros Estados poseedores de armas nucleares se ha reabierto el debate en torno a la continuación de los ensayos nucleares. Ello podría repercutir negativamente en la Conferencia de Desarme de Ginebra. La reanudación de los ensayos ya ha tenido consecuencias políticas inmediatas y podría afectar de manera directa el diálogo sobre la no proliferación nuclear. Los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares tendrán poca autoridad para exigir a los demás lo que ellos mismos no están dispuestos a hacer; realizar unos pocos ensayos, pequeños o grandes, antes de cerrarles la puerta definitivamente a los demás parece una conducta poco seria. Cabe preguntarse si los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares gozan de privilegios especiales. Como partes en el TNP, los cinco Estados están obligados a proseguir negociaciones con miras a \"procurar alcanzar la suspensión permanente de todas las explosiones de ensayo de armas nucleares\", como dice el Tratado de Prohibición Parcial de Ensayos (PTBT). Además, en su artículo VI, el TNP dice que cada Parte en el Tratado se compromete a celebrar negociaciones de buena fe sobre medidas eficaces relativas a la cesación de la carrera de armamentos nucleares en fecha cercana y al desarme nuclear, y sobre un tratado de desarme general y completo bajo estricto y eficaz control internacional, que es la clave para esa \"cesación de la carrera de armamentos nucleares\".", "(Sr. Marin Bosch, México)", "14. Hace 30 años México, como otros miembros del Comité de Desarme de Dieciocho Naciones (CDDN), señaló que el PTBT representaba \"un primer paso\" hacia la prohibición completa de los ensayos nucleares y hacia el desarme general y completo bajo control internacional eficaz. Al firmar el PTBT, el Secretario de Estado de los Estados Unidos dijo que la historia registraría, en última instancia, la forma en que se llevaría a cabo esa tarea incompleta de paz. Tres largas décadas después, esa \"tarea de paz\" sigue inconclusa. Es cierto que en el decenio de 1970 hubo intentos de negociar un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos nucleares (CTBT), pero esa oportunidad, y varias otras, se dejaron escapar. De ahí la iniciativa de varios países, incluido México, de buscar la prohibición completa de ensayos mediante una enmienda al PTBT. Ese proceso sigue en marcha y en agosto de 1993 se lograron algunos avances importantes durante las consultas que llevó a cabo en Nueva York el Presidente de la Conferencia de Enmienda. Se acordó que el proceso de enmienda al PTBT era complementario de otros esfuerzos y que ofrecía claras ventajas en algunos renglones sobre otros enfoques. Mientras tanto, la Conferencia de Desarme decidió negociar un CTBT a partir de enero de 1994.", "15. Sin embargo, el camino entre la decisión de la Conferencia de Desarme y la negociación misma de un CTBT no está resultando nada fácil. La semana anterior empezaron a surgir algunas diferencias en Ginebra acerca de cómo mejor aprovechar el tiempo que media entre octubre y enero. Es obvio que hay Potencias nucleares que quieren un ritmo más o menos lento, mientras que la mayoría de los miembros de la Conferencia de Desarme preferiría un paso más acelerado. Los integrantes del Grupo de los 21 han sugerido inclusive que la Conferencia fije 1994 como la fecha tope para concluir un CTBT.", "16. Dada la decisión de la Conferencia de Desarme de entablar negociaciones en enero, es obvio que lo importante será traducir cuanto antes ese acuerdo político en un acuerdo sobre el papel. Para lograrlo habrá que hacer un esfuerzo por encontrar fórmulas de compromiso que aseguren una negociación expedita y, por consiguiente, los miembros de la Conferencia deberían empezar enseguida el debate sobre los dos aspectos principales del futuro CTBT: el alcance de la prohibición y su sistema de verificación. Sin embargo, no se avanzará con la celeridad que requiere el tema si se insiste en retrasar las negociaciones o realizar más ensayos nucleares.", "17. El TNP prohíbe a sus partes no poseedoras de armas nucleares la adquisición de armas nucleares y, por consiguiente, la realización de ensayos nucleares. Hay varias decenas de países que no se han adherido al TNP. ¿Acaso aceptarían ellos y los demás miembros de la comunidad internacional que se estableciera una especie de sistema de cuotas de ensayos antes de la entrada en vigor del CTBT para cada uno de los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares?", "18. Los cinco Estados poseedores de armas nucleares han dicho que están dispuestos a concluir un CTBT, pero sus motivos no son necesariamente idénticos y sus diferencias obedecen a sus distintos niveles de desarrollo nuclear. Sin embargo, todos aprecian, aun cuando en distinto grado, las ventajas que tendría un CTBT para fortalecer la no proliferación nuclear de las armas nucleares. Algunos inclusive lo ven como un paso para asegurar la no proliferación nuclear y así allanar el camino hacia el desarme nuclear.", "(Sr. Marin Bosch, México)", "19. Esa observación está vinculada a una esfera de fundamental importancia. Cuando se habla de los cinco Estados poseedores de armas nucleares se establece una distinción formal, basada en el TNP y en una apreciación meramente cronológica. Sin embargo, otras consideraciones dan por resultado un enfoque diferente. Por ejemplo, Belarús, Kazajstán y Ucrania tienen armas nucleares pero nunca las han ensayado; Sudáfrica tuvo seis artefactos sin ensayarlos y ahora dice que ya no los tiene; la India tuvo por lo menos uno; en general se supone que Israel tiene armas nucleares y se supone que otros países también las tienen. Sin embargo, la comunidad internacional sigue aferrada al TNP y a sus definiciones un tanto arcaicas. Lo cierto es que en el decenio de 1990 la línea divisoria entre los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares y algunos de los que no las poseen se está borrando y algunos de estos últimos están importando grandes cantidades de plutonio para su industria nuclear civil avanzada. Esos y otros países altamente industrializados son \"Estados poseedores de armas nucleares en potencia\", ya que podrían producir un artefacto nuclear en cosa de meses o semanas. Luego hay los llamados \"Estados nucleares en el umbral\", países que tienen programas nucleares significativos pero que no son partes en el TNP. Ahora hay una tercera categoría de Estados no partes en el TNP: los \"Estados poseedores temporalmente de armas nucleares\", que incluyen a Belarús, Kazajstán, Ucrania y Sudáfrica.", "20. Las anteriores son algunas de las cuestiones que las partes en el TNP deberían examinar durante el proceso preparatorio de la Conferencia de Examen y Prórroga de 1995. Otra cuestión es determinar lo que sucedió en el Iraq, Estado Parte en el TNP, y por qué. Los inspectores de las Naciones Unidas y del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica encontraron una cantidad impresionante de material en el Iraq, lo que revela un programa nuclear ambicioso: parece imposible que durante años, sobre todo en el decenio de 1980, este material denominado \"sensible\" haya sido exportado y en tales cantidades sin que ningún gobierno de los Estados exportadores (todos ellos partes en el TNP) haya sospechado que los iraquíes estaban construyendo algo. También cabe preguntar cuál será el impacto del reciente caso de la República Popular Democrática de Corea sobre el futuro del régimen de no proliferación establecido por el TNP.", "21. La Convención sobre las Armas Químicas intenta remediar esas situaciones un tanto confusas acerca de la no proliferación de armas de destrucción en masa. La Convención exige que cada parte declare, una vez que ese instrumento entró en vigor, si posee armas químicas, si existen dichas armas en su territorio, si las ha traspasado o recibido desde el 1º de enero de 1946 y si hay (o hubo) instalaciones de armas químicas en su territorio. Esa es la clave del régimen uniforme para todas las partes en dicha Convención. Con respecto a las armas químicas y biológicas, no hay nada que se parezca a una \"sociedad de castas\", como existe en la esfera nuclear; esa sociedad tendrá que desaparecer pronto si lo que se procura es construir un régimen de no proliferación nuclear que sea genuino, universal y equitativo. Los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares (y algunos otros) no pueden seguir exigiendo el derecho a observar las instalaciones nucleares de otros, ya sea unilateralmente o mediante el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica (OIEA). Ciertamente esto no conduce al clima de confianza de apertura que a menudo se exige a otros países con relación a otras armas y sistemas de armas.", "(Sr. Marin Bosch, México)", "22. La comunidad internacional en general y los cinco Estados poseedores de armas nucleares en particular ahora tienen la oportunidad de avanzar decididamente en el campo del desarme nuclear. El proceso preparatorio de la Conferencia de Examen y Prórroga del TNP en 1995 ofrece un buen vehículo para entablar un diálogo franco sobre el futuro régimen de no proliferación nuclear.", "23. La cuestión de la no proliferación de las armas de destrucción en masa en todos sus aspectos y de los proyectiles balísticos reviste una importancia cada vez mayor. Su delegación considera que ha llegado el momento de pedirle a la Conferencia de Ginebra que se aboque de manera más intensa y formal a este tema, que merece ser examinado en los distintos foros internacionales de desarme, incluida la Comisión de Desarme de las Naciones Unidas. Sería útil que el Secretario General elaborara, con la ayuda de un pequeño grupo de expertos gubernamentales, un breve estudio sobre esta cuestión, de vital importancia para la comunidad internacional. Su delegación tiene la intención de explorar con otras delegaciones interesadas la posibilidad de someter un proyecto de resolución a ese respecto.", "24. El Sr. ZAHRAN (Egipto), hablando en su calidad de Presidente de la Conferencia de Desarme, presenta el informe anual de la Conferencia sobre la labor realizada durante el período de sesiones de 1993 (A/48/27). En dicho informe no se transmite, como se hizo en 1992, un instrumento internacional para que lo examine la Asamblea General. Sin embargo, la Conferencia trabajó empeñosamente en diversos asuntos sustantivos y de organización, con lo que logró adelantos en su examen de cuestiones de importancia vital para la paz y la seguridad internacionales. En particular, el 10 de agosto de 1993 la Conferencia decidió, entre otras cosas, dar a su Comité ad hoc sobre la prohibición de los ensayos nucleares un mandato para que negociara un tratado sobre la prohibición de los ensayos de armas nucleares, para lo cual se celebrarían consultas entre el 3 de septiembre de 1993 y 17 de enero de 1994 sobre el mandato concreto y la organización de las negociaciones. Así pues, por primera vez desde el Tratado de por el que se prohíben los ensayos con armas nucleares en la atmósfera, el espacio ultraterrestre y debajo del agua de 5 de agosto de 1963, el foro de negociaciones multilaterales de la comunidad internacional entabló negociaciones sobre un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares. Ese objetivo largamente perseguido de la comunidad internacional parece estar más próximo a concretarse que antes. Las futuras negociaciones sobre un tema al que la Asamblea General asignó el más alto grado de prioridad desde la conclusión del PTBT entrañan un compromiso político que exigirá los recursos necesarios de la Secretaría para asegurar que las negociaciones reciban suficiente apoyo.", "25. Con respecto a la composición de la Conferencia, el Coordinador Especial sobre la composición de la Conferencia celebró consultas detalladas antes de presentar su informe, que aparece en los párrafos 13 y 14 del informe anual. Como se observa en el párrafo 15, muchos Estados miembros de la Conferencia y algunos no miembros formularon declaraciones sobre el tema, pero no se llegó a ninguna conclusión antes de que finalizara el período de sesiones anual. En consecuencia, el Presidente dió instrucciones de que continuaran las consultas para llegar a un consenso durante el receso entre períodos de sesiones. El orador inició dichas consultas y tiene la intención de", "(Sr. Zahran, Egipto)", "continuarlas hasta principios del período de sesiones de 1994. Si bien todavía quedan dificultades por resolver, los miembros tienen plena conciencia de la necesidad de ampliar el foro multilateral de negociaciones sobre el desarme. Ese asunto de interés mutuo podría contribuir a la expansión de la Conferencia.", "26. Con respecto a los métodos de trabajo de la Conferencia, se celebraron consultas oficiosas abiertas y los debates y sus resultados se recogen en los párrafos 19 y 20 del informe anual. Este informe más corto que la Conferencia presenta a la Asamblea en su período de sesiones en curso es resultado del examen realizado sobre un funcionamiento mejor y más eficaz.", "27. Las actividades de los cuatro comités ad hoc establecidos por la Conferencia durante el período de sesiones anual de 1993 merecen destacarse. El Comité ad hoc sobre la prohibición de los ensayos nucleares logró algunos adelantos en su examen de diversas cuestiones de importancia relacionadas con el tema del programa, y examinó aspectos relacionados con la estructura y el alcance, así como con la verificación y el cumplimiento. En general se reconoció que a fin de lograr el cumplimiento de un futuro tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares, se necesitaría un sistema eficaz de verificación de aplicación internacional. Se iniciaron los trabajos preliminares, por primera vez en la historia de la Conferencia, sobre medios de verificación no sísmicos. La Conferencia reconoció en general que la adopción de la decisión de dar al Comité ad hoc un mandato de negociación es un punto crítico para los trabajos multilaterales destinados a elaborar un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares.", "28. El Comité ad hoc sobre la prevención de la carrera de armamentos en el espacio ultraterrestre examinó diversas cuestiones relacionadas con su futura labor y agradeció a los colaboradores del Presidente la celebración de consultas abiertas sobre cuestiones como las medidas de fomento de la confianza, terminología y aspectos jurídicos relacionados con la prevención de una carrera de armamentos en el espacio ultraterrestre. Había amplio acuerdo en el sentido de que la celebración de un acuerdo o acuerdos internacionales para prevenir dicha carrera de armamentos seguía siendo la labor fundamental del Comité y que las propuestas sobre medidas de fomento de la confianza podrían formar parte integrante de esos acuerdos. Se recomendó que a principios del período de sesiones de 1994, la Conferencia de Desarme restableciera al Comité ad hoc sobre la prevención de la carrera de armamentos en el espacio ultraterrestre con un mandato apropiado para continuar su labor sustantiva sobre todas las cuestiones que tiene ante sí.", "29. El Comité ad hoc sobre acuerdos internacionales eficaces que den garantías a los Estados no poseedores de armas nucleares contra el empleo o la amenaza del empleo de esas armas sigue examinando ese importante asunto y expresó la opinión de que era necesario redoblar los esfuerzos, teniendo presentes las transformaciones recientes en el clima político internacional. En consecuencia, convino en recomendar que se restableciera el Comité ad hoc a principios del período de sesiones de 1994.", "(Sr. Zahran, Egipto)", "30. En 1993, la Conferencia por primera vez estableció el Comité ad hoc sobre la transparencia en materia de armamentos. En su primer período de sesiones, el Comité cubrió un gran número de temas, incluido un intercambio de opiniones sustantivo sobre diversas cuestiones complejas relacionadas con la cuestión. Examinó la acumulación excesiva y desestabilizadora de armas, las existencias de material bélico y la adquisición de material de producción nacional y la transferencia de armas y de tecnología de alto nivel con aplicaciones militares, y con las armas de destrucción en masa. Se presentaron al Comité 18 documentos de trabajo, varios de los cuales contienen propuestas concretas. Aunque no se llegó a un acuerdo al respecto, las delegaciones convinieron en que muchas de las cuestiones a que se referían contribuían, al fomento de la confianza y la estabilidad. Por consiguiente, el Comité ad hoc recomendó su restablecimiento a principios del período de sesiones de 1994 de la Conferencia.", "31. En la labor de la Conferencia en 1993 se continuó una tendencia positiva iniciada el año anterior con el importante acuerdo acerca de la Convención sobre la prohibición de armas químicas. Están surgiendo nuevas ideas y asuntos de interés común a medida que la cooperación internacional reemplaza a las confrontaciones de la guerra fría. La decisión de comenzar las negociaciones acerca de un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares es uno de los acontecimientos más destacados del período posterior a la guerra fría. Si bien las negociaciones indudablemente no serán fáciles y habrá que abordar diversas cuestiones delicadas, el orador confía en que la Conferencia pueda desempeñar sus graves responsabilidades como el órgano de la comunidad internacional encargado de las negociaciones sobre el desarme.", "32. El Sr. O'SULLIVAN (Australia) dice que han ocurrido tres acontecimientos importantes desde que la Comisión se reunió por última vez. En primer lugar, se finalizó la Convención sobre las Armas Químicas, que se abrió a la firma y recibió un amplio apoyo internacional. El establecimiento de la Secretaría Técnica Provisional prevista en la Convención es un ejemplo notable de cooperación multilateral. El hecho de que sus actividades ya hayan comenzado, es un buen presagio de la aplicación eficaz del Tratado. El orador exhorta a todos los Estados signatarios a que tomen las medidas necesarias para asegurar la aplicación más rápida posible de la Convención. Asimismo, exhorta a los Estados que todavía no la hayan firmado a que consideren nuevamente su posición, con miras a asegurar la aplicación universal de la prohibición mundial de las armas químicas.", "33. En segundo lugar, la importante decisión adoptada por la Conferencia de Desarme de iniciar las negociaciones para un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares indica una etapa nueva y largamente esperada en las negociaciones de desarme internacional. El Tratado servirá el doble propósito de impedir la producción de nuevas generaciones de armas nucleares y de mejorar el régimen de no proliferación nuclear. Australia confía en que la mayor parte de la labor sobre el Tratado se pueda finalizar a tiempo para la Conferencia de Examen del TNP en abril de 1995. Sin embargo, es importante que la labor sobre los aspectos políticos, jurídicos y de verificación del Tratado procedan conjuntamente y se refuercen mutuamente. Australia está dispuesta a considerar la posibilidad de asignar más tiempo para", "(Sr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "las negociaciones en el período de sesiones de 1994 de la Conferencia de Desarme. Habida cuenta de los adelantos alcanzados en el comienzo de las negociaciones sobre el Tratado, la reciente decisión de China de violar la moratoria de facto de los ensayos nucleares, que se había observado durante más de un año, es verdaderamente lamentable.", "34. Australia espera que haya mayores garantías unilaterales de seguridad, como por ejemplo una declaración conjunta u otra manifestación vinculante por parte de los Estados que conservan armas nucleares de que no las utilizarán contra países que se han comprometido a la no proliferación. Junto con el CTBT, dichas medidas facilitarían notablemente el examen y la prórroga del TNP.", "35. La prórroga del TNP en la Conferencia de Examen en 1995 es esencial, principalmente para que sirva de base jurídica firme de la cooperación internacional en la utilización con fines pacíficos de la energía nuclear. Australia, como muchos otros países, es partidaria de la prórroga indefinida del Tratado y seguirá participando activamente en las reuniones preparatorias para la Conferencia de 1995.", "36. El fin de la guerra fría plantea desafíos al régimen de no proliferación nuclear y al mismo tiempo presenta oportunidades de fortalecerlo. Su país, preocupado por la proliferación de armas nucleares en el Asia meridional, vería con beneplácito un diálogo más activo sobre asuntos nucleares entre la India y el Pakistán. Asimismo, habría que alentar a Ucrania y a Kazajstán a que cumplieran con sus obligaciones previstas en el Protocolo de Lisboa con respecto al Tratado START I y se adhirieran al TNP como Estados no poseedores de armas nucleares, siguiendo el ejemplo de Belarús.", "37. Australia también acoge con satisfacción la cooperación de Sudáfrica con el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica desde que se adhirió al TNP y en particular su política de plena transparencia con respecto a sus actividades nucleares. Sin embargo, el hecho de que el Iraq y la República Popular Democrática de Corea sigan incumpliendo las obligaciones de salvaguardia del OIEA sigue siendo motivo de profunda preocupación.", "38. Australia apoya plenamente los esfuerzos realizados desde la guerra del Golfo de fortalecer la eficacia y transparencia del sistema de salvaguardias del OIEA, así como la labor del Grupo Asesor Permanente sobre Aplicación de Salvaguardias (SAGSI) y alienta a otros países a que hagan lo propio. Con respecto a esto último, destaca la importancia de la aplicación eficaz de los acuerdos de salvaguardia para prevenir actividades nucleares clandestinas y del fomento de la confianza en el régimen de no proliferación basado en el TNP.", "39. La aplicación más estricta de los controles de exportación de la energía nuclear y el fortalecimiento de los arreglos sobre los proveedores de materiales nucleares también contribuyen a los objetivos de no proliferación del TNP. Además, los arreglos regionales de no proliferación, como los Tratados de Tlatelolco en América Latina y Rarotonga en el Pacífico meridional complementan el régimen internacional de no proliferación basado en el TNP. Las medidas adoptadas para establecer zonas libre de armas nucleares en las demás regiones no sólo promueven una actitud más constructiva hacia los arreglos de no", "(Sr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "proliferación en esas regiones, sino que también alientan el apoyo regional del TNP en las etapas previas a la Conferencia de 1995.", "40. Australia espera con interés participar en el futuro en las negociaciones para poner fin a la producción de materiales fisionables y establecer controles multilaterales no discriminatorios sobre la compra de sistemas de misiles desestabilizadores, en particular los utilizados como vectores de armas de destrucción en masa.", "41. Se ha tendido a subestimar el riesgo que representa la proliferación de las armas biológicas como posible amenaza para la seguridad internacional. A Australia le preocupa desde hace mucho tiempo el hecho de que la eficacia del único instrumento mundial para la abolición de dichas armas - la Convención sobre las armas biológicas - esté limitada por la falta de mecanismos para verificar el cumplimiento de las obligaciones previstas en la Convención. Por lo tanto, acoge con satisfacción el informe del Grupo ad hoc de expertos gubernamentales, que concluyó que las medidas de verificación contribuirían a mejorar la aplicación eficaz de la Convención, y sirven de base técnica firme para elaborar los mecanismos de verificación necesarios. En tal sentido, Australia apoya la convocación de una conferencia especial a tal fin, y sugiere que otros Estados Partes hagan lo propio, para lo cual deberán notificar a uno de los países depositarios sin demora.", "42. Desde el fin de la guerra fría, la Comisión pudo abordar más eficazmente la cuestión de la seguridad regional, así como alentar el control de los armamentos, la seguridad y las medidas de fomento de la confianza en determinadas regiones. En su región se han logrado algunos adelantos, ya que los países integrantes de la ASEAN contribuyen notablemente a entablar el diálogo sobre la seguridad en la región de Asia y el Pacífico mediante el establecimiento del Foro Regional de la ASEAN. Australia también participó en el Grupo de Trabajo sobre el Control de los Armamentos y la Seguridad Regional copatrocinado por los Estados Unidos de América y Rusia, y espera con interés los adelantos en esa esfera.", "43. En cuanto a la transparencia en asuntos militares, en particular con respecto a los armamentos, el orador observa con satisfacción que muchos países ya han enviado sus respuestas al Registro de las Naciones Unidas de Armamentos Convencionales. Espera con interés participar activamente en la Asamblea General y en la Conferencia de Desarme en la futura elaboración de mecanismos mundiales de transparencia y directrices para la compra de armas. Otro asunto importante que se ha de abordar en el futuro inmediato es la necesidad de establecer normas más eficaces para la utilización de minas terrestres, lo que exige un examen de la Convención sobre las armas inhumanas.", "44. En conclusión, recuerda que se le ha confiado la labor de examinar la posibilidad de ampliar la Conferencia de Desarme a fin de que ésta pueda desempeñar sus funciones más eficazmente. Tras extensas consultas oficiosas, propuso a la Conferencia una solución de transacción sobre la cual, lamentablemente, no se había podido llegar a un acuerdo. Sin embargo, espera que, con la asistencia del Presidente de la Conferencia, se pueda encontrar una solución que cuente con aprobación general.", "45. El Sr. PIZARRO (Chile) dice que, a pesar de que la guerra fría ha terminado, aún quedan tareas esenciales por cumplir en el ámbito del desarme. Su Gobierno deplora la reciente violación por parte de China de la moratoria voluntaria de ensayos nucleares, que ha significado que otras Potencias nucleares estén reconsiderando sus compromisos en la materia.", "46. Otro tema que es motivo de inquietud es la prórroga de la vigencia del Tratado sobre la no proliferación nuclear (TNP). Si bien Chile está de acuerdo con su finalidad, al mismo tiempo lo considera un Tratado discriminatorio, porque la desigualdad de derechos y obligaciones entre Estados poseedores de armas nucleares y aquellos que no lo son ha sido responsable en gran parte de la gran proliferación de dichas armas. Sin embargo, el Gobierno de Chile ha dispuesto una reevaluación de su posición frente al TNP en la esperanza de que las partes demuestren flexibilidad en el tratamiento del tema y permitan la participación de observadores en las reuniones preparatorias de la Conferencia de 1995. Es importante aprovechar la oportunidad que presenta la realidad política internacional para discutir sin limitaciones el régimen de la no proliferación nuclear.", "47. Otro motivo de preocupación es la falta de acuerdo sobre la cuestión de ampliar la composición de la Conferencia de Desarme. El orador exhorta a las partes interesadas a que fortalezcan el diálogo y la negociación para superar las dificultades subsistentes frente a la propuesta del representante de Australia, que su país considera una alternativa viable.", "48. Al aproximarse a los 50 años de su existencia, las Naciones Unidas deben ser un verdadero instrumento de la paz y de la seguridad internacionales. En tal sentido, el orador apoya las propuestas de racionalizar los trabajos de la Primera Comisión y reformar su agenda. La Comisión debe procurar establecer normas jurídicas más vinculantes que fortalezcan eficazmente la paz y la seguridad internacionales.", "49. La región de América Latina y el Caribe está comprometida con la causa del desarme, como lo demuestra la decidida voluntad política de la Argentina, el Brasil y Chile de poner en vigor el Tratado de Tlatelolco, por no mencionar los acuerdos sobre materias nucleares entre la Argentina y el Brasil, que exceden de las disposiciones de tratados vigentes en el mismo ámbito.", "50. En lo que respecta a la Convención sobre las Armas Químicas, en la declaración final de un seminario regional realizado recientemente en Santiago se señaló, entre otras cosas, la importancia, de asegurar la aplicabilidad universal de la Convención sobre las Armas Químicas y de lograr la operación efectiva y equilibrada de su régimen de verificación. Además, el Compromiso de Mendoza sobre la prohibición total y completa de las armas químicas y biológicas cuenta ya con un amplio respaldo a nivel regional. La Convención sobre la prohibición de utilizar técnicas de modificación ambiental con fines militares u otros fines hostiles sigue su tramitación ante la Cámara de Diputados de Chile para su ulterior ratificación.", "(Sr. Pizarro, Chile)", "51. La gran cantidad de respuestas recibidas por el Centro de Asuntos de Desarme relacionada con el Registro de Armamentos Convencionales es alentadora. Es importante continuar el perfeccionamiento de dicho Registro con el objeto de que constituya una verdadera medida de fomento de la confianza tanto a nivel bilateral como regional y mundial. Con ese propósito, su Gobierno no se limitó a informar solamente sobre las transferencias ocurridas en el año fiscal solicitado sino también sobre sus existencias, e indicó asimismo que estaba dispuesto a participar en las próximas reuniones de expertos gubernamentales sobre ese tema.", "52. Los problemas del desarme continúan vigentes y su relación con la seguridad internacional es más evidente que antes. El Gobierno de Chile observa con preocupación la falta de recursos humanos y materiales que afecta desde hace un tiempo a la Oficina de Asuntos de Desarme, situación que no se condice con la compleja y vasta tarea que queda aún por realizar.", "53. Uno de los principales problemas que se han descubierto desde el surgimiento del nuevo orden internacional es el de la seguridad humana, que escapa a las nociones tradicionales de seguridad. En muchos lugares del mundo, la pobreza es la principal causa de la inseguridad. En tal sentido el orador sugiere que la Comisión tenga presentes cuatro consideraciones durante sus deliberaciones. En primer lugar, que la seguridad de las personas es tanto o más importante que la seguridad del Estado. Segundo, que los problemas de seguridad de un país, de una región o de una zona geográfica pueden constituir un elemento de estabilidad que escapa a las fronteras donde aquella situación se produce. Tercero, una concepción moderna de la seguridad debe tener en cuenta los problemas económicos, sociales, ambientales y de otra índole. Por último, el fin de la guerra fría demuestra la necesidad de revitalizar conceptos que la confrontación ideológica nunca dejó prosperar, como el de las \"zonas de paz\". América Latina tiene una experiencia abundante en la materia, que demuestra la utilidad de dichas zonas como instancias de cooperación y entendimiento a la vez que de relajación de posibles tensiones militares.", "54. El desarme debe ser un proceso mundial que tome en cuenta las características propias de cada región y signifique una real mejoría de las condiciones de vida particularmente de los países en desarrollo. El orador cree que las Naciones Unidas son el foro apropiado para lograr los propósitos enunciados en su Carta. Por lo tanto, es esencial que no se desaproveche la oportunidad, quizás única en la historia, para lograr avances sustantivos en materia de desarme, paz y seguridad internacionales, que redunden en beneficio de las generaciones venideras.", "55. El Sr. MROZIEWICZ (Polonia) dice que desde 1989 el mundo ha sufrido cambios radicales que afectaron la propia esencia de la seguridad internacional. Si bien desde el fin de la guerra fría algunas fuentes de inestabilidad y conflictos regionales han dejado de existir y han surgido nuevas oportunidades de solucionar antiguas controversias, se han planteado otros conflictos que estaban latentes, alentados por un aumento de los sentimientos nacionalistas y aun xenófobos. Durante varios decenios la seguridad internacional dependió del equilibrio de las fuerzas militares, pero en la actualidad el papel del", "(Sr. Mroziewicz, Polonia)", "Consejo de Seguridad y la participación de las organizaciones regionales aumentaron considerablemente como medio político de garantizar la seguridad.", "56. Polonia goza de buenas relaciones con sus países vecinos mediante la cooperación con, entre otros, el grupo VISEGRAD y los Estados bálticos. También alienta el fortalecimiento de vínculos con los países de Europa occidental, los Estados Unidos y el Canadá; su incorporación a la Alianza del Atlántico del Norte y a la Comunidad Europea son algunas de las prioridades de la política exterior de Polonia.", "57. El desafío fundamental a que hace frente Europa en la actualidad es el establecimiento de un sistema que proporcione la misma seguridad a todos los países europeos. La Conferencia sobre la seguridad y la cooperación en Europa (CSCE) debe desempeñar un papel importante en tal sentido y puede constituir un foro para el arreglo de controversias y la prevención de conflictos. Si fuera necesario, la CSCE podría pedir la intervención de las alianzas militares pertinentes. Tendrían el doble papel de alianzas en el sentido del Artículo 51 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y de instituciones que desempeñan funciones panaeuropeas, papel éste al que Polonia asigna particular importancia.", "58. El TNP es uno de los elementos fundamentales de la seguridad internacional, y por consiguiente debería prorrogarse indefinidamente en la Conferencia de Examen de 1995. Las negociaciones constructivas sobre el CTBT en la Conferencia de Desarme de Ginebra promoverán el éxito de la Conferencia de Examen. Motivado por su adhesión a la no proliferación nuclear y con el apoyo del Grupo de Países de Europa Oriental, que todavía no ha ocupado la presidencia de una Conferencia de Examen de la TNP, Polonia tiene la intención de nombrar un candidato para dicha presidencia.", "59. La proliferación de materiales y tecnología para la producción de armas de destrucción en masa y las ventas clandestinas de dichos materiales y tecnología a las regiones de posibles conflictos representa un problema cada vez mayor para la paz y la seguridad internacionales y, por consiguiente, se le debería asignar un alto grado de prioridad en la agenda.", "60. El orador acoge con satisfacción la firma por unos 150 Estados de la Convención sobre la Prohibición del Desarrollo, la Producción, el Almacenamiento y el Empleo de Armas Químicas y sobre su Destrucción y destaca la urgente necesidad de asegurar la entrada en vigor oportuna de dicha Convención y de que los Estados signatarios cooperen con la Comisión Preparatoria para la Convención sobre la Prohibición de las Armas Químicas. Los Países Bajos, junto con el Canadá y Polonia, presentarán un proyecto de resolución sobre ese tema.", "61. Polonia acoge con beneplácito la creación, dentro del marco de la Conferencia de Desarme, de un Comité ad hoc sobre el establecimiento de la transparencia en materia de armamentos. El curso práctico regional organizado en 1993 en Polonia por el Centro de las Naciones Unidas de Asuntos de Desarme facilitó la participación de los Estados de la región en el Registro de las Naciones Unidas de Armamentos Convencionales, al que Polonia asigna gran importancia.", "(Sr. Mroziewicz, Polonia)", "62. Las nuevas realidades y las prioridades de desarme exigen un reajuste del mecanismo de desarme, incluidas medidas como la racionalización de la agenda de la Primera Comisión y la simplificación de su modus operandi, lo que reduciría el número de sus resoluciones y aumentaría su credibilidad. El orador acoge con satisfacción la decisión adoptada por la Conferencia de Desarme de centrar su atención en cuatro temas solamente en 1993, con el rápido establecimiento de los respectivos órganos subsidiarios ad hoc, pero lamenta el hecho de que no se haya llegado a un consenso sobre la muy importante cuestión del aumento de la composición de la Conferencia. Es esencial encontrar una solución de transacción en que tengan cabida las diferentes aspiraciones de los Estados que desean integrar la Conferencia sin menoscabar sus facultades de negociación.", "63. El Sr. CISSE (Senegal) dice que el optimismo creado por los cambios positivos en el contexto internacional y la participación cada vez mayor de la Organización en los esfuerzos de paz internacionales se ve atenuado por la preocupación ante el resurgimiento de conflictos armados. Sólo el desarme completo y universal permitirá la cooperación multilateral con el consiguiente desarrollo económico y social necesario para asegurar que esos conflictos se pueden superar.", "64. Por lo tanto, son motivo de satisfacción para el Senegal los importantes adelantos logrados en la esfera de desarme en 1993, incluida la firma de la Convención sobre la Prohibición del Desarrollo, la Producción, el Almacenamiento y el Empleo de Armas Químicas y sobre su Destrucción, y espera que pronto se finalicen las medidas necesarias para asegurar su entrada en vigor, lo que contribuirá a una eliminación sin precedentes en la historia de toda una categoría de armas de destrucción en masa.", "65. El Senegal también acoge con beneplácito la firma en 1993 por los Estados Unidos de América y la Federación de Rusia del Tratado START II y espera que los obstáculos que quedan para la ratificación del Protocolo de Lisboa se superen sin demora.", "66. El orador observa con preocupación que muchas cuestiones, en particular las relacionadas con los procedimientos, relativas a la Conferencia de Examen de 1995 sobre el Tratado de no proliferación siguen sin resolver, señala a la atención de los miembros, en particular, la cuestión de la presidencia de la Conferencia, y expresa el apoyo de su delegación a la candidatura del Embajador Dhamapala, presentada por el Movimiento de los Países No Alineados.", "67. En su carácter de Estado no poseedor de armas nucleares, el Senegal acoge con particular satisfacción la reciente decisión de confiar a la Comisión de Desarme la negociación de un tratado sobre la prohibición completa de ensayos nucleares, y está dispuesto a contribuir activamente a ese importante proyecto.", "68. En el plano regional, el Senegal también acogió con satisfacción el anuncio de Sudáfrica, que desmantelará sus armas nucleares. El orador destaca la necesidad de que el OIEA sea plenamente notificado del inventario de materiales nucleares resultantes de ese proceso de desmantelamiento y en general de todo", "(Sr. Cisse, Senegal)", "otro material nuclear que se coloque bajo control total de Africa o se transfiera de allí, con miras a asegurar la desnuclearización del continente africano.", "69. En la región de Asia, el Senegal acoge con beneplácito la declaración conjunta de la República Popular Democrática de Corea y los Estados Unidos de América sobre los esfuerzos por lograr una desnuclearización de la península de Corea y la decisión de la República Popular Democrática de Corea de suspender su retiro del TNP y seguir celebrando negociaciones con el OIEA.", "70. A pesar de los progresos logrados en la reducción y el control de ciertas categorías de armas de destrucción en masa, el precario equilibrio político, económico y social en que se encuentra el mundo se ve cada vez más amenazado por la creciente acumulación de armas convencionales en ciertas regiones vulnerables. Por lo tanto, su delegación acoge con satisfacción el establecimiento del registro de las Naciones Unidas de Armamentos Convencionales y espera que las deliberaciones actuales contribuyan a una mayor transparencia en esa esfera.", "71. Los esfuerzos realizados por la Organización para promover el desarme y la regulación de las armas sólo podrán tener éxito con el apoyo de todos los Estados miembros, en particular las principales Potencias, con sus formidables arsenales militares. Los esfuerzos por construir un mundo de paz y seguridad también exigen la lucha contra el hambre, la pobreza y la enfermedad. Se ha de prestar atención a esos factores, que pueden convertirse en amenazas más graves para la paz y la seguridad internacionales que las que plantean los arsenales militares.", "72. El Sr. PERRI (Brasil) dice que, a pesar de los acontecimientos positivos ocurridos en el mundo después de la guerra fría, como el reciente acuerdo entre Israel y Palestina y el desmantelamiento del apartheid, han surgido nuevos conflictos y han reaparecido antiguos, con lo cual el mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales es mucho más complejo que lo que se había previsto al final de una etapa dominada por las confrontaciones ideológicas. Por lo tanto, la diplomacia preventiva reviste particular importancia, ya que la consolidación de la paz mediante la promoción de un orden internacional justo y equitativo es la mejor diplomacia en un mundo en el que todavía persisten los desequilibrios políticos, militares y económicos.", "73. Como lo destacó el Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores del Brasil en su declaración a la Asamblea General, la agenda internacional está estructurada, lo mismo que antes, en torno a la democracia, el desarrollo y el desarme, con ramificaciones en las esferas de los derechos humanos, el medio ambiente y la seguridad internacional. Esos tres elementos constituyen la base necesaria para la paz en el nuevo orden internacional que la Organización está procurando crear.", "74. Entre algunas iniciativas alentadoras recientes, el orador acoge con satisfacción la firma del Tratado START II y los planes de los Estados Unidos de prohibir la producción de materiales fisionables. Una situación internacional más pacífica ha dado la oportunidad de reducir los presupuestos militares y de", "(Sr. Perri, Brasil)", "convertir las industrias militares para utilizarlas con fines civiles. El Brasil espera que los recursos liberados en ese proceso estimulen el desarrollo económico y social, en particular para beneficio de los países en desarrollo y, en ese contexto, acoge con satisfacción la propuesta de que la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo (UNCTAD) coordine el establecimiento de un grupo de trabajo interdepartamental de las Naciones Unidas sobre la conversión.", "75. En el plano multilateral, el Brasil tomó nota con satisfacción de la firma de la Convención sobre las Armas Químicas por 150 países y exhorta a los países restantes a que también la firmen. Además, el Brasil acoge con beneplácito los adelantos logrados en las esferas de la verificación de las armas biológicas, el control de las armas convencionales y la prohibición de ensayos nucleares. Exhorta a los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares a que no reanuden los ensayos y a que perseveren en sus esfuerzos por lograr un tratado multilateralmente convenido e internacionalmente verificable de prohibición total de los ensayos nucleares, en particular puesto que la cesación de los ensayos nucleares es esencial para detener la proliferación vertical. El adelanto alcanzado en la no proliferación horizontal se podría perjudicar si no se pusiera fin a la proliferación vertical.", "76. El orador espera que las negociaciones sobre la ampliación de la composición de la Conferencia de Desarme se concluyan con éxito, satisfaciendo así la necesidad de democratizar aún más la Conferencia sin afectar su eficiencia.", "77. El orador destaca la necesidad de finalizar los trabajos en el próximo período de sesiones de la Conferencia de Desarme sobre los temas de la agenda restantes y señala a la atención de los miembros el interés especial que tiene el Brasil en promover las deliberaciones sobre el tema relacionado con la ciencia y la tecnología, ya que cree que el consenso entre los países proveedores y receptores sobre las directrices y recomendaciones propuestas revestirá una importancia crucial en el fortalecimiento de la seguridad internacional y promoverá el desarrollo económico y social. La adhesión universal a la utilización y transferencia de tecnología de alto nivel exclusivamente con fines pacíficos contribuirá a un orden internacional más pacífico y próspero.", "78. El orador encomia los logros notables en la esfera del desarme alcanzados por órganos de las Naciones Unidas como la Oficina (ahora Centro) de Asuntos de Desarme, los Centros de Desarme Regionales, el Instituto de las Naciones Unidas, Investigación sobre el Desarme y la Junta Consultiva en Asuntos de Desarme. Sin embargo, la continua existencia de arsenales nucleares todavía representa una amenaza para la paz y la seguridad. En tal sentido, el orador expresa su preocupación por la precaria situación que existe en algunas regiones de la ex Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas creada por el emplazamiento de armas estratégicas nucleares.", "(Sr. Perri, Brasil)", "79. Tras la adopción de diversos instrumentos internacionales por el Brasil y otros países de la región, América Latina está próxima a convertirse en una región en que las armas nucleares estarán definitivamente prohibidas. El orador espera que el Tratado de Tlatelolco, recientemente aprobado por el Gobierno del Brasil, sea adoptado por otros países de la región y entre plenamente en vigor a fines de 1993.", "Se levanta la sesión a las 13.10 horas." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "General Assembly", "[]FOURTH-EIGHTH SESSION", "Official Records", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "3rd meeting", "held on", "Monday, 18 October 1993", "at 10 a.m.", "New York", "SUMMARY RECORD OF THE 3rd MEETING", "Chairman: Mr. von WAGNER (Germany)", "CONTENTS", "STATEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN", "STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ASSISTANT TO POLITICAL AFFAIRS", "GENERAL DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY", "The meeting was called to order at 10.20 a.m.", "STATEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN", "1.The CHAIRMAN said that the \"disarmament agenda\" of previous sessions remained decisive in resolving many pressing problems.The remarkable political developments that have taken place in the recent past will enable the Committee to reach consensus on issues that have so far been intractable.It should endeavour to consolidate resolutions on the same subject whenever political developments permit.The delegations concerned must be flexible enough and ready to compromise.The Commission could also group the traditional topics of its activities and related resolutions under chapters entitled \"General issues\".It would be useful if delegations could consider whether their resolutions continued to reflect the changing political climate following the end of the East-West confrontation.", "2.The Commission would do well to limit its scope on issues traditionally on its agenda and to expand its scope to include broader issues of peace and security.Given the changing world and the new and disturbing threats to peace and security, it should consider whether the arms control agenda was meeting its responsibilities and whether simplification and rationalization were the only means of revitalizing its activities.Indeed, reducing the number of disarmament resolutions could indicate that the Commission was losing its importance unless at the same time that reduction was accompanied by an opening to useful political activities.Reducing the workload at a time when military conflicts are breaking out and desperate attempts are being made to prevent or contain them, may be misinterpreted by governments, the public and opinion makers.", "3.The new name of the Commission apparently implies that it is not designed to be a forum exclusively focused on arms control issues.The Secretary-General has expressed his conviction that disarmament and arms regulation issues should be integrated in a practical manner within the broader framework of the international peace and security agenda.However, the Commission should not forget the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations that defined the areas of action of the General Assembly and its committees.However, notwithstanding Article 12 of the Charter, the Commission may, in the course of its general responsibilities, make recommendations with respect to a dispute or situation that is not before the Security Council.It may also formulate recommendations, guidelines or general principles relating to international peace and security in order to enhance understanding of concepts of preventive diplomacy and measures aimed at building confidence and consolidating peace.By including traditional disarmament issues in the broader context of security issues, emerging conflicts and threats to peace, the Commission will be better placed to focus on those that are essential.", "STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ASSISTANT TO POLITICAL AFFAIRS", "4.Mr. GOULDING (Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs) said that in his report entitled \"New dimensions of arms regulation and disarmament in the post-cold-war era\" (A/C.1/47/7), the Secretary-General believed that disarmament should be integrated into the broader structure of international peace and security rather than made a separate problem.There are many opportunities for progress in the field of disarmament.The 1995 Conference of the States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons provides an opportunity for the international community to address concerns about the risks of nuclear weapons proliferation.His Department had redeployed its staff to help prepare for the Conference.", "5.The decision of the Conference on Disarmament to request its ad hoc committee on the prohibition of nuclear tests to begin substantive negotiations in early 1994 for the conclusion of a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty shows a renewed commitment by States, in particular the nuclear-weapon States, to achieve this long-standing objective.The successful conclusion of the negotiations on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction is a good example of the work that the Conference on Disarmament can do with the participation of the international community.The Convention will be the first multilateral instrument with specific provisions that will also apply to all parties.It is also important that States recommit themselves to negotiating a verification system for the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, which is applicable, as recognized at the Third Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty.", "6.There are signs of a serious intention to address the problems of the post-cold-war world.In a number of regions, efforts are being intensified to foster cooperation and build confidence;Regional cooperation mechanisms are being strengthened to include security issues, which is a form of preventive diplomacy based on transparency.The Commission has an important role to play in this regard by promoting these processes.", "7.The proliferation of conventional weapons is one of the most appalling consequences of the cold war.He was well aware of the obstacle to the control and resolution of conflicts in many parts of the world, as a former Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, of the large quantity of weapons sent to those regions over the past two decades.In a concerted effort, including by Governments in their own territories, the enormous quantities of weapons that are in the hands of political groups or individuals must be recovered.The establishment of the new United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, which guarantees greater openness and transparency in military matters, is a major step forward.", "(Mr. Goulding)", "forward.The indiscriminate use of landmines is another issue that urgently requires the attention of the international community.", "8.To meet these challenges, the Secretary-General has decided to give the Office for Disarmament Affairs the new name of the Centre for Disarmament Affairs;It will remain in New York and will continue to be part of the Department of Political Affairs.Subject to the approval of the General Assembly, the staffing level will be reduced to its previous level as a result of the proposed addition of three posts, mainly to meet the work required by the operation of the Register of Conventional Arms.The Secretary-General has mandated the Office to explore how confidence-building measures, verification techniques and other mechanisms that have been developed and tested in the field of arms control and disarmament could be further developed and used as tools for preventive diplomacy, post-conflict peacemaking and peacebuilding with the consent of the Governments concerned.In this regard, the Centre has the advantage of having several staff members who have participated in peacekeeping missions in recent months and have gained valuable experience from them.", "9.The Conference on Disarmament remains the main forum for negotiations on international agreements on arms control and disarmament.As a result of the resignation of Mr. Bérasategui, Secretary-General of the Conference, the Secretary-General appointed Mr. Vladimir Petrovsky, Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva, as Secretary-General of the Conference and appointed him to serve as his personal representative at the Conference on a provisional basis as from 5 December 1993.Mr. Petrovsky will perform these functions simultaneously with those of Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva.", "10.The activities of the three regional centres are currently being reviewed in the light of the new opportunities.Their role may need to be redefined to ensure that their activities impact the regions they serve and are effectively part of the Secretariat's response to the opportunities and tasks ahead.", "GENERAL DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY", "11.Mr. MARIN-BOSCH (Mexico) said that, for some time now, the Conference on Disarmament had been experiencing the impact of the rapid development of the international situation;For the second consecutive year, the report of the Conference to the General Assembly contains concrete results.The decision to embark on the long-delayed negotiations on the comprehensive nuclear test ban will mark a turning point in the international community's efforts to halt and reverse nuclear proliferation in all its aspects.The evolution of the position of the new United States Government with regard to the comprehensive nuclear test ban has largely led to this decision.Unfortunately, agreement could not be reached on the expansion of the membership of the Conference in 1993 because of the opposition of one member.It was to be hoped that the country concerned would return to its position.", "(Mr. Marin-Bosch, Mexico)", "12.The signing of the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic and Offensive Weapons, the Lisbon Protocol and the START II Treaty mark the beginning of the reversal of the nuclear arms race.Just as the nuclear arms race has its own dynamic, supported by the interests of military-industrial complexes, the process of reducing these arsenals also has its own dynamic, which will require a greater reduction of nuclear weapons.However, in 10 years' time, when the provisions of the START treaties are fully implemented, the United States of America and the Russian Federation will have more strategic nuclear sterns than those of the late 1960s, at the time of the signing of the Non-Proliferation Treaty.In a world where nuclear weapons are tens of thousands, the international community has not yet adopted a clear position on these weapons of mass destruction.", "13.With regard to nuclear testing, it was hoped that the nuclear-weapon States would exercise restraint, thus promoting further negotiations on the issue.However, on 5 October 1993, China broke the de facto moratorium on testing and, in the capitals of the other nuclear-weapon States, the debate on the continuation of nuclear testing was reopened.This will have a negative impact on the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva.The resumption of testing has already had immediate political consequences and could directly undermine the dialogue on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.Nuclear States would be ill-founded to demand from others what they are not themselves willing to do, and it is not very serious to carry out some tests, whatever their importance, before closing the door to others permanently.There was a question as to whether nuclear States enjoyed special privileges.As parties to the Non-Proliferation Treaty, the Five continue to negotiate in order to ensure that all nuclear test explosions that have been declared in the Partial Test Ban Treaty for ever are halted.Furthermore, under article VI of the Non-Proliferation Treaty, each of the parties to the Treaty undertakes to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to the cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control and a comprehensive test ban is essential for the \"cessation of the nuclear arms race\".", "14.30 years ago, Mexico, like other members of the 18-Power Committee on Disarmament, noted that the Partial Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty was a first step towards a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban and general and complete disarmament under effective international control, while the United States Secretary of State, in signing the Treaty, stated that history would ultimately take into account the way in which the world had sought to resolve the problem of peace.For three long decades, peace has remained an unfinished work.It is true that in the 1970s, States tried to negotiate a comprehensive test ban treaty, but this and other occasions were wasted.For this reason, several countries, including Mexico, are seeking a comprehensive test ban by amending the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.", "(Mr. Marin-Bosch, Mexico)", "partial testing.They continue their efforts and, in August 1993, significant progress was made during the consultations held by the President of the Amendment Conference in New York.The amendment of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty is believed to have other initiatives and clearly has advantages over other methods in some respects.Meanwhile, the Conference on Disarmament decided to negotiate a comprehensive test-ban treaty from January 1994.", "15.However, the road from the decision taken at the Conference to the negotiation of the Treaty is a difficult one.Last week in Geneva, differences emerged on how best to make use of the period between October and January.It is clear that some nuclear Powers want to move forward at a rather slow pace, while the majority of the members of the Conference prefer to move forward faster.The members of the Group of 21 even proposed that the Conference should set 1994 as the deadline for the conclusion of the Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty.", "16.As the Conference decided to begin negotiations in January, it was therefore important to translate that political agreement into a document.To this end, efforts must be made to find compromise formulas to speed up negotiations, and the members of the Conference must therefore immediately begin discussions on the two main aspects of the future Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, namely the scope of the ban and the verification system.However, rapid progress cannot be expected if negotiations or other nuclear tests are to continue to be delayed.", "17.The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons prohibits its non-nuclear-weapon parties from acquiring such weapons and thus from carrying out nuclear tests.However, several dozen countries have not yet acceded to the NPT.The question is whether these countries, as well as the rest of the international community, would accept the establishment of a kind of test quota system for each nuclear State before the entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.", "18.The five nuclear States declare their readiness to conclude a comprehensive treaty, but the reasons for this are not necessarily the same, in terms of their respective levels of development in this area.Nevertheless, all have appreciated to varying degrees the benefits of such a treaty on the strengthening of the horizontal non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.Some even consider it a step towards vertical non-proliferation, thus paving the way for nuclear disarmament.", "19.This is a fundamental issue.The five nuclear-weapon States are formally distinguished on the basis of the NPT and chronological considerations.But other considerations would lead to a different vision.For example, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have nuclear weapons but have never conducted tests;South Africa has owned six nuclear devices without testing, and now states that it has no more nuclear weapons;India, for its part, has had at least one; it is generally believed that Israel has nuclear weapons, as well as other countries.Nevertheless, the international community remains committed to the NPT and its", "(Mr. Marin-Bosch, Mexico)", "somewhat archaic definitions.The fact is that in the 1990s the distinction between nuclear-weapon and non-nuclear-weapon countries is increasingly blurred, as some nuclear-weapon countries import large quantities of plutonium for the needs of their already well-developed civil nuclear industry.These countries, as well as other highly industrialized countries, are \"potentially nuclear-weapon States\" because they can produce a nuclear device within a few months or even weeks.Then there is what is called \"limitary cases\", which have important nuclear programmes but are not parties to the NPT.Finally, there is the third category of non-NPT countries, which are provisionally nuclear-weapon States such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and South Africa.", "20.These are some of the issues that the NPT parties must address in the process of preparing for the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference.Another issue concerns what happened in Iraq, a country party to the NPT, and the reasons for that situation.The United Nations and IAEA inspectors have discovered an impressive amount of equipment that proves the existence of an ambitious nuclear programme in Iraq: it seems impossible for years, especially in the 1980s, such \"sensitive\" equipment to have been exported in such large quantities without any of the exporting States (all of which are parties to the NPT) having doubted that the Iraqis were preparing something.Another question arises about the consequences of the recent attitude of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on the future of the non-proliferation regime.", "21.The Convention on the Prohibition of the Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction seeks to address these rather confused situations relating to the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.After its entry into force, the Convention requires each State Party to declare whether it owns or holds chemical weapons, whether such weapons are in its territory, whether it has transferred or received them since 1 January 1946, and to report any chemical weapons manufacturing facilities that it has or has had in its territory.That is where the key to the uniformity of the Convention regime lies for all parties.As far as chemical weapons, but also biological weapons, there is nothing that reminds us of the \"caste society\" that exists in the nuclear field and that must disappear if a genuine, universal and equitable nuclear non-proliferation regime is to be established.Nuclear-weapon States (and some others) cannot continue to demand the right to observe the nuclear facilities of others, either unilaterally or through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) if the atmosphere of confidence or openness so often demanded of other countries with regard to other weapons and weapons systems is to be established.", "22.The international community in general and the five nuclear-weapon States in particular today have the opportunity to take a decisive step towards nuclear disarmament.The process of preparing for the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference is the ideal framework for the opening of a frank dialogue on the future nuclear non-proliferation regime.", "(Mr. Marin-Bosch, Mexico)", "23.The issue of the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in all its aspects and of ballistic missiles is becoming increasingly important.His delegation considered that it was time to ask the Geneva Conference to consider the subject in more depth and in a formal manner;This is also an issue that needs to be addressed by the various multilateral disarmament forums, including the Disarmament Commission.In this regard, the Secretary-General should prepare, with the assistance of a small group of governmental experts, a brief study on this issue of vital importance to the international community.His delegation intended to explore with other interested delegations the possibility of introducing a draft resolution to that effect.", "24.Mr. ZAHRAN (Egypt), speaking in his capacity as President of the Conference on Disarmament, introduced the annual report of the Conference on its work at the 1993 session (A/48/27).Unlike 1992, the report does not submit an international instrument to the General Assembly for its consideration, but the Conference has considered in very depth a number of substantive and organizational issues, thus making progress in addressing issues of vital importance to international peace and security.In this connection, on 10 August 1993, the Conference decided, inter alia, to give its ad hoc committee on a nuclear test ban a mandate to negotiate a comprehensive test ban and to take the necessary steps to conduct consultations during the period from 3 September 1993 to 17 January 1994 on the precise negotiating mandate and on the organization of such negotiations.Thus, for the first time since the conclusion of the Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water of 5 August 1963, the multilateral negotiating forum of the international community will negotiate a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty.This long-awaited goal of the international community now seems to be closer than ever.The forthcoming negotiation of an item to which the General Assembly has accorded the highest priority since the conclusion of the Partial Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty requires a political commitment that will require the necessary resources from the Secretariat to support those negotiations.", "25.With regard to the composition of the Conference, the Special Coordinator on Enlargement, as stated in paragraphs 13 and 14 of the annual report, had conducted extensive consultations before submitting his report.As stated in paragraph 15, many delegations of Member States and non-Member States made statements on the subject, but no conclusions were reached before the end of the annual session.The Chairman was therefore instructed to continue his consultations to reach consensus during the intersessional period.The Committee has started these consultations and intends to continue them until the opening of the 1994 session.While challenges remain, members are fully aware of the need to expand the membership of the multilateral disarmament negotiating forum.This common ground should facilitate the achievement of this objective.", "26.With regard to the methods of work of the Conference, informal consultations were held with open participation;The results of the consultations are summarized in paragraphs 19 and 20 of the annual report.The short report of the Conference provided to the present session of the Assembly", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "is the outcome of the discussion on the issue of improving and effective functioning of the Conference.", "27.The activities of the four ad hoc committees established by the Conference at the annual session 1993 should be highlighted.The Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban has made progress in addressing the various issues related to this agenda item, and has also considered aspects relating to the structure and scope of a future agreement and verification and compliance.It was recognized that a system of effective and internationally applicable verification was needed to ensure compliance with the future Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.For the first time in the history of the Conference, preliminary work was undertaken on non-seismic verification.It was widely recognized that the adoption of a decision to give the Ad Hoc Committee the power to negotiate would be a key turning point in multilateral action towards the conclusion of a comprehensive test-ban treaty.", "28.The Ad Hoc Committee on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space has considered various issues related to its future work and has also expressed its appreciation to the Chair's staff for organizing open-ended consultations on confidence-building measures, terminology and legal aspects related to the prevention of an arms race in outer space.There was broad convergence of views that the conclusion of one or more international agreements to prevent such an arms race remains the core task of the Committee and that the proposals on confidence-building measures could form an integral part of such agreements.It was recommended that the Conference on Disarmament should reconstitute the Ad Hoc Committee on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space at the beginning of its 1994 session with an appropriate mandate to continue substantive work on all matters before it.", "29.The Ad Hoc Committee to Negotiate Effective International Arrangements to assure Non-Nuclear Weapons States against the Use or Threat of Use of Nuclear Weapons, continuing its consideration of this important issue, stated that further efforts were needed, in the light of recent changes in the international political climate.Accordingly, there was agreement on the recommendation to re-establish the Ad Hoc Committee at the beginning of the 1994 session.", "30.In 1993, the Conference established the Ad Hoc Committee on Transparency in Arms for the first time.At its first session, the Committee considered a number of new issues, including an exchange of views on the substance of a number of complex issues related to the topic.It considered the issue of excessive and destabilizing accumulation of weapons, military holdings and procurement through national production, arms transfers and transfers of advanced technology with military applications, and weapons of mass destruction.The Committee had before it 18 working papers, several of which contained concrete proposals.Although agreement was not reached on these proposals, delegations shared the view that many of the elements contained in the proposals could serve as a starting point for work to promote confidence and confidence in the work of the Conference.", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "stability.The Ad Hoc Committee therefore recommended that it be reinstated at the beginning of the 1994 session of the Conference.", "31.The work of the Conference in 1993 continued on the positive path opened last year with the historic agreement on the Chemical Weapons Convention.New ideas and common ground have emerged since international cooperation replaced the cold war confrontations.The decision to start negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty is one of the most remarkable developments in the post-cold-war period.While negotiations would be difficult and a number of sensitive issues would have to be addressed, he was convinced that the Conference would discharge its heavy responsibilities as an international negotiating body on the disarmament issue.", "32.Mr. O'SULLIVAN (Australia) said that three significant events had taken place since the Committee ' s last meeting.First, the Chemical Weapons Convention was developed, opened for signature and received broad international support.The provisional technical secretariat established at that time was an example of multilateral cooperation worthy of mention;It is already operational, which bodes well for the effective implementation of the Treaty.Mr. O'Sullivan urged all signatory States to take the necessary measures to ensure the implementation of the provisions of the Convention as soon as possible.It also calls on non-signatory States to review their position so that the implementation of the complete prohibition on chemical weapons becomes universal.", "33.Secondly, the important decision taken by the Conference on Disarmament to begin negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty heralds the advent of a new and long-awaited period of international disarmament negotiations.The treaty will serve as a twofold objective: to prevent the production of new generations of nuclear weapons and to strengthen the nuclear non-proliferation regime.Australia is confident that much of the work on the treaty will be completed in time for the NPT Review Conference in April 1995.However, it is essential to work in parallel on the political, legal and verification aspects of the treaty, which are mutually reinforcing.Australia is ready to consider the possibility of spending more time on negotiations at the 1994 session of the Conference on Disarmament.Given the progress made towards the opening of negotiations on a treaty, China's recent decision to violate the de facto moratorium on nuclear testing that has been observed for over a year is quite regrettable.", "34.Australia hopes that nuclear-weapon States will give new unilateral assurances, in the form of a joint declaration or other binding declaration, that they will not use these weapons against countries that have made commitments to non-proliferation.With the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, such action would greatly facilitate the review and extension of the NPT.", "35.The extension of the NPT at the 1995 Review Conference is essential, if only because it will provide a solid legal basis for the", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "international cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.Australia, like many other countries, is in favour of an indefinite extension of the Treaty and will continue to participate actively in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference.", "36.The end of the cold war is both a challenge to the nuclear non-proliferation regime and an opportunity to strengthen it.Concerned about the proliferation of nuclear weapons in South Asia, Australia would like to see a more active dialogue on nuclear issues between India and Pakistan.Similarly, Ukraine and Kazakhstan should be encouraged to comply with their obligations under the Lisbon Protocol to the START I Agreement and to accede to the NPT as non-nuclear-weapon States, as was the case in Belarus.", "37.Australia also welcomes South Africa's cooperation with the IAEA since its accession to the NPT, and in particular its policy of full transparency regarding its nuclear activities.However, the persistence of Iraq and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in failing to comply with IAEA safeguards remains alarming.", "38.Australia fully supports the efforts undertaken since the Gulf War to enhance the effectiveness and transparency of the IAEA safeguards system, as well as the work of the Standing Advisory Group on the Application of Safeguards, and encourages other countries to do likewise.With regard to the last point, he stressed the importance of the effective implementation of safeguards agreements for the prevention of clandestine nuclear activities and the promotion of the Conference within the framework of the NPT-based non-proliferation regime.", "39.Strengthening nuclear export controls and nuclear supplier arrangements would be consistent with the NPT non-proliferation objectives.In addition, regional non-proliferation agreements such as the Treaties of Tlatelolco in Latin America and Rarotonga in the South Pacific complement the international non-proliferation regime based on the NPT.Measures to establish nuclear-weapon-free zones in other regions would not only help to forge a more positive attitude towards non-proliferation arrangements in those regions, but would also encourage regional support for the NPT in preparation for the 1995 Conference.", "40.Australia intends to participate in negotiations in the coming years to end the production of fissile material and to establish a multilateral and non-discriminatory system of control over the procurement of missile systems that involve the risk of destabilization, particularly those used as means of delivery of weapons of mass destruction.", "41.There has been a tendency to underestimate the threat to international security posed by the proliferation of biological weapons.Australia has long been concerned that the effectiveness of the only global instrument for the elimination of such weapons — the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction — is limited by the lack of mechanisms to verify that States are in compliance with their obligations under that instrument.It therefore welcomes the fact that the report of the", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "Ad Hoc Group of Governmental Experts concluded on the merits of the adoption of verification measures and provides a sound technical basis for the development of such measures.Australia supports the organization of a special conference to that effect, and suggests that other States parties do likewise by notifying one of the depositary countries without delay.", "42.The end of the cold war has given new effectiveness to the Commission ' s work on regional security;It has enabled the Commission to work towards arms control and to strengthen security and confidence in certain regions.Progress has been made in the Asia-Pacific region, with ASEAN countries taking the initiative to open a dialogue on security in the region by establishing the Association's Regional Forum.Australia has also participated in the work of the Working Group on Arms Control and Regional Security, organized under the auspices of the United States and Russia, and is following the issue with interest.", "43.With regard to transparency in the military field, including arms, he noted with satisfaction that many countries had already submitted to the Secretary-General the information requested under the Register of Conventional Arms.The Group intends to participate actively in the development of global transparency mechanisms and guidelines for arms procurement in the General Assembly and the Conference on Disarmament.The need for more effective regulation of the use of landmines will also need to be addressed in the near future, which requires a revision of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.", "44.In conclusion, he recalled that he had been asked to explore the possibility of expanding the Conference on Disarmament to enable it to carry out its tasks more effectively.Following numerous informal consultations, he proposed to the Conference a compromise solution, on which unfortunately members failed to reach agreement.He was convinced, however, that with the help of the President of the Conference, a solution could soon be found, which would win general approval.", "45.Mr. PIZARRO (Chile) said that, despite the end of the cold war, much remained to be done in the area of disarmament.His Government regretted that China had recently violated the voluntary moratorium on nuclear testing, leading other nuclear Powers to question their own commitments.", "46.Chile is particularly concerned about the extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.While recognizing the validity of its objectives, it continues to regard the Treaty as a discriminatory instrument, since, in its view, the increased proliferation of nuclear weapons is largely due to the unequal rights and obligations between nuclear-weapon States and non-nuclear-weapon States.The Government of Chile has, however, reconsidered its position on this issue, in the hope that the parties will be more flexible in their turn and allow observers to participate in the preparations for the 1995 Conference.We must take advantage of the", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "the opportunity offered by the current political climate to examine the nuclear non-proliferation regime without constraint.", "47.It is also a matter of concern that agreement on a possible expansion of the Conference on Disarmament is not reached.He urged interested parties to intensify their consultations in order to overcome the remaining difficulties in the proposal by the representative of Australia, a proposal that Chile considered a viable option.", "48.As the fiftieth anniversary of the United Nations approaches, it is important to meet the challenge and act as a catalyst in the field of international peace and security.His delegation therefore supported the proposals to streamline the Commission ' s activities and to review its agenda.The Commission's objective should be to establish more binding rules that genuinely strengthen international peace and security.", "49.Latin America and the Caribbean fully support the cause of disarmament, as demonstrated by the political determination of Argentina, Brazil and Chile to ensure the implementation of the Treaty of Ttatelolco, as well as agreements on nuclear issues between Argentina and Brazil, agreements whose scope is beyond that of comparable instruments.", "50.With regard to the Chemical Weapons Convention, the final declaration of a regional seminar recently held in Santiago stressed, inter alia, the need to ensure the universal applicability of the Convention and the effective and balanced functioning of its verification regime.The Mendoza Agreement on the total prohibition of chemical and biological weapons is also already receiving broad regional support.In Chile, the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Environmental Modification Techniques for Military or Other Hostile Purposes (ENMOD) is currently being considered by the Chamber of Deputies for ratification.", "51.He was encouraged by the large number of replies to the Register of Conventional Arms received by the Centre for Disarmament Affairs.It is essential to improve the Register so that it can be truly used to build confidence at the bilateral, regional and global levels.To this end, the Government of Chile has reported not only its arms transfers but also its stockpiles;It also expressed its intention to participate in future meetings of governmental experts on this subject.", "52.Disarmament problems have not lost their urgency and their role in international security is more evident than ever.The Government of Chile is concerned about the availability of the Centre for Disarmament Affairs with the human and material resources necessary to meet its needs.", "53.Since the emergence of the new international order, the security problem has become a new issue;It is no longer possible to address the issue in a traditional way, as security in many parts of the world is now linked to poverty.He therefore asked the Committee to bear in mind the following four points:", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "First, the security of persons is now as important, if not more important, than the security of the State;Second, security concerns in a country, region or geographical area may, across borders, undermine the stability of neighbouring countries, regions or areas;Third, economic, social, environmental and other problems are security problems in the contemporary sense of the term;Fourthly, the end of the cold war has allowed us to return to ideas, such as those of the \"zones of peace\", which the ideological confrontation had made impracticable.There has been ample evidence in Latin America that these areas are a good way to promote cooperation and understanding and to reduce possible military tensions.", "54.Disarmament must be a global process that, with due regard to the characteristics of each region, should lead to a significant improvement in the living conditions of the people of developing countries.He believed that those were goals for which the United Nations provided a very specific framework, which was enshrined in its Charter.It is therefore imperative to seize the unique opportunity provided by the current political environment to make significant progress towards disarmament, international peace and security for the benefit of future generations.", "55.Mr. MROZIEWICZ (Poland) said that, since 1989, the international scene had undergone profound upheavals that had changed the very nature of international security.While, since the end of the cold war, some sources of instability and regional conflicts have disappeared and new opportunities for resolving long-standing disputes have emerged, new conflicts, once larved, have erupted, fuelled by an upsurge in nationalism and even xenophobia.For decades, international security has depended on the balance of military forces;Now that it is primarily a political balance, the role of the Security Council and regional organizations has become new.", "56.Poland maintains good relations with its neighbours, in particular with the Visegrad Group and the Baltic States.It also seeks to strengthen its ties with countries in Western Europe, the United States and Canada.In the field of foreign policy, it is primarily aimed at integrating into NATO and the European Community.", "57.Europe must now establish a system that ensures equal security for all countries in the region.The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) could serve as a framework for dispute resolution and conflict prevention.If necessary, it could call for the intervention of interested military alliances, which would thus play a dual role, namely, alliances within the meaning of Article 52 of the Charter of the United Nations and institutions with pan-European responsibilities, a role to which Poland attaches particular importance.", "58.The NPT is one of the pillars of international security and should be extended for an unlimited period at the 1995 Review Conference.This conference will be all the more effective as it will have been prepared by constructive negotiations on the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva.The Commission has been able to draw up a report on the implementation of the", "(Mr. Mroziewicz, Poland)", "Poland, with the support of the Group of Eastern European Countries, which has never been entrusted with the chairmanship of a conference to review the NPT, intends to propose a candidate for the seat of President of the 1995 Conference.", "59.The proliferation of materials and technology necessary for the production of weapons of mass destruction and their clandestine sale to areas of larceny pose increased risks to international peace and security.The issue should therefore continue to receive priority attention.", "60.Welcoming the signing of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction by some 150 States, he stressed the urgent need to ensure that the Convention entered into force and that the signatory States cooperated with the Preparatory Commission for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.Poland will join forces with the Netherlands and Canada in introducing a draft resolution on the subject.", "61.Poland welcomes the establishment of an ad hoc committee on transparency in armaments within the Conference on Disarmament.The Regional Workshop organized in early 1993 in Poland by the United Nations Centre for Disarmament Affairs facilitated the participation of States in the region in the activities related to the Register of Conventional Arms, to which Poland attaches great importance.", "62.New realities and priorities in the field of disarmament require a re-engineering of disarmament mechanisms, including the rationalization of the First Committee ' s programme of work and its working methods, which will reduce the number of its resolutions and enhance their credibility.He welcomed the decision of the Conference on Disarmament to focus its work on only four issues in 1993 and to establish the corresponding subsidiary bodies promptly, but regretted that its members had not reached consensus on the crucial issue of its enlargement.It is essential to find a compromise solution that takes into account the different aspirations of States to become members of the Conference, without compromising its negotiating power.", "63.Mr. CISSE (Senegal) said that the optimism created by the positive changes in the international context and the growing commitment of the United Nations to peace efforts was tempered by concern over the resurgence of armed conflicts.Only general and complete disarmament will allow multilateral cooperation and, consequently, economic and social development, which are necessary to prevent such conflicts.", "64.Senegal is therefore encouraged by the significant progress made in the disarmament process in 1993, including the signing of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and hopes that the necessary formalities for its entry into force will soon be completed and that a process of total elimination of a category of weapons of mass destruction will begin for the first time in the history of mankind.", "(Mr. Cissé, Senegal)", "65.Senegal also welcomed the signing by the United States and the Russian Federation of the START II Treaty in 1993, and hoped that the remaining obstacles to the ratification of the Lisbon Protocol would be overcome without delay.", "66.He noted with concern that many procedural and other issues concerning the 1995 Review Conference had not been resolved and drew attention, in particular, to the issue of the presidency of the Conference, indicating that his delegation supported the candidature of His Excellency Mr. Dhampala from the Non-Aligned Movement.", "67.As a non-nuclear-weapon State, Senegal particularly welcomes the recent decision to entrust the Disarmament Commission with negotiating a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty, and expresses its readiness to contribute actively to this important project.", "68.At the regional level, Senegal welcomed the announcement made by South Africa concerning the dismantling of its nuclear weapons.He stressed that the inventory of nuclear material produced following the dismantling must be notified urgently to the IAEA and that such equipment must be placed for full control or transferred out of Africa in order to ensure the denuclearization of the African continent.", "69.With regard to the Asian region, his delegation welcomed the joint statement made by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the United States concerning their efforts to achieve a denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, as well as the decision of the former to suspend its withdrawal from the NPT and to continue negotiations with the IAEA.", "70.Despite the progress made in reducing and controlling certain categories of weapons of mass destruction, the increasing strengthening of conventional arms arsenals in some vulnerable regions of the world continues to pose threats to the precarious political, economic and social balance.He therefore welcomed the establishment of a Register of Conventional Arms and hoped that the ongoing discussions would lead to greater transparency in that area.", "71.The efforts of the United Nations to promote disarmament and arms regulation will be successful only with the support of all Member States, including the major Powers with terrifying military arsenals.Building a world of peace and security also requires combating hunger, poverty and disease, which, if not guarded, could seriously undermine international peace and security more than military arsenals.", "72.Mr. PERRI (Brazil) said that, despite the positive developments in the post-cold-war period, such as the recent agreement between Israel and Palestine and the dismantling of apartheid, new conflicts had emerged and others, older, had resurfaced, making the maintenance of international peace and security more complex than expected at the end of an era marked by ideological confrontations.Preventive diplomacy must therefore be given special importance, as peace-building through the promotion of peace and security through the promotion of peace and security.", "(Mr. Perri, Brazil)", "a just and equitable international order is the best diplomacy in a world where political, military and economic imbalances persist.", "73.As the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Brazil emphasized in his address to the General Assembly, the international community's agenda remains structured around democracy, development and disarmament, with their implications for human rights, the environment and international security, all of which constitute the foundations for peace in the new international order that the United Nations is striving to establish.", "74.With regard to recent encouraging initiatives, he welcomed the signing of START II and the intention of the United States to ban the production of fissile material.The more peaceful environment has provided the opportunity to reduce military budgets and convert the arms industries for civilian purposes.Brazil hoped that the resources made available in the process would stimulate economic and social development, particularly in the interest of the developing world, and welcomed in that regard the proposal to entrust UNCTAD with coordinating the establishment of a United Nations ad hoc interdepartmental group on conversion.", "75.At the multilateral level, he noted with satisfaction the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention by 150 countries and urged other countries to involve him in that process.It also welcomes the progress made in the areas of biological weapons verification, conventional arms control and the prohibition of nuclear testing.It urges the nuclear States not to resume testing and to continue their efforts to reach the conclusion of a multilateral comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty, the implementation of which can be verified by the international community, especially since the cessation of nuclear testing is crucial to halt vertical proliferation and progress towards horizontal non-proliferation may be compromised if vertical proliferation is not halted.", "76.He hoped that negotiations on the expansion of the Conference on Disarmament would succeed, thus responding to the need to further democratize it, without undermining its effectiveness.", "77.Mr. Perri said that, at its next session, the Conference on Disarmament would have to complete its work on the other items on its agenda and drew attention to the special interest of Brazil in promoting dialogue on the issue of science and technology, convinced that consensus between supplier and recipient countries on the proposed guidelines and recommendations would be of crucial importance for strengthening international security and promoting economic and social development.The determination of the international community to ensure the use and transfer of advanced technology for exclusively peaceful purposes would contribute to a more peaceful and prosperous international order.", "(Mr. Perri, Brazil)", "78.He welcomed the significant progress made in the field of disarmament by United Nations bodies such as the Office (now the Centre) for Disarmament Affairs, the regional disarmament centres, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters.Nevertheless, the maintenance of nuclear sterns continues to pose a threat to peace and security.In this regard, Mr Perri expresses his concern at the precarious situation in certain parts of the former USSR, where strategic nuclear weapons are found.", "79.Following the adoption of various international instruments by Brazil and other countries in the region, Latin America is about to become a region where nuclear weapons will be definitively banned.He hoped that the Treaty of Tlatelolco, recently approved by the Brazilian Government, would be adopted by other countries in the region and implemented in all its provisions before the end of 1993.", "The meeting rose at 1.10 p.m." ]	[ "[] Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control-F to enter the footer contained in Distr.GENERAL.", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "3rd meeting", "held on", "18 October 1993", "at 10 a.m.", "New York", "SUMMARY RECORD OF THE 3rd MEETING", "Chairman: von WAGNER (Germany)", "CONTENTS", "STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT", "STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ADVISORY OF POLITICAL MATTERS", "General discussion on all the agenda items on international disarmament and security", "The meeting was called to order at 10.20 a.m.", "STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT", "1.The PRESIDENT said that the \"disarmament agenda\" of previous sessions would continue to be of crucial importance to many pressing issues.The remarkable political developments of recent times will help the Commission to reach consensus on issues that had so far been impossible to address.The Commission should seek to merge resolutions on the same subject whenever political changes permit.Delegations related to those resolutions must demonstrate sufficient flexibility and political will to reach a compromise.The Commission may wish to bring together the traditional themes of its work and the respective resolutions under the so-called \"general themes.\"Delegations should also consider whether their resolutions still reflect changes in the political climate following the East-West confrontation.", "2.The Commission should more strictly clarify its objectives with regard to the traditional disarmament agenda and at the same time expand it to cover broader issues related to peace and security.In view of the changes in the world and the disturbing new trends that threaten peace and security, the Commission should consider whether the arms control programme reflected its responsibilities in a comprehensive manner and whether simplification and rationalization were the only means of revitalizing its work.The reduction in the number of resolutions on disarmament could indicate a decrease in the importance of the Commission if that reduction was not accompanied by the opening of new means for major political activities.The Commission would give a false impression to Governments, the public and those who determine public opinion if it simply reduced its workload at a time when military conflicts erupted and the means were desperately sought to prevent or contain them.", "3.The new name of the Commission seemed to imply that its role was not to be a forum focused exclusively on arms control issues.The Secretary-General suggested that there was a need for practical integration of disarmament and arms regulation issues into the broader structure of the international peace and security agenda.At the same time, however, the Commission must bear in mind the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations that limit the scope of the measures that may be taken by the General Assembly and its committees.However, despite Article 12 of the Charter, the Commission, as part of its overall responsibilities, could make recommendations with respect to a dispute or a situation that had not been submitted to the Security Council.The Commission could also formulate general recommendations, guidelines or principles related to international peace and security with a view to promoting a deeper understanding of the concepts of preventive diplomacy, confidence-building and post-conflict peace-building measures.By inserting the traditional disarmament agenda in the more", "(The President)", "The Commission could be better able to limit itself to issues of greatest interest.", "STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ADVISORY OF POLITICAL MATTERS", "4.Mr.Mr. GOULDING (Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs) recalled that in his report entitled \"New dimensions of arms regulation and disarmament in the post-cold-war era\" (A / C.1 / 47 / 7), the Secretary-General had said that disarmament should be incorporated into the broader structure of international peace and security rather than addressed separately.There are considerable opportunities for progress in the area of disarmament.The 1995 Conference of the States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is an important opportunity to reach an internationally agreed response to concerns about the danger of nuclear weapons proliferation.His Department had sent staff to make the necessary contribution to the successful preparations for the Conference.", "5.The decision of the Conference on Disarmament to give its Ad Hoc Committee on the Nuclear Test Ban the mandate to begin substantive negotiations to reach a comprehensive nuclear-weapon-ban treaty in early 1994 reveals a strong intention to achieve that long-standing objective, especially by the nuclear-weapon States.The successful conclusion of negotiations on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction is an example of the work that the Conference on Disarmament can do when it has the participation of all sectors of the international community.The Convention will be the first multilateral instrument with comprehensive provisions for its implementation that apply equally to all parties.New commitments to negotiate a viable verification system for the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxic Weapons and on Their Destruction, as recognized at the Third Review Conference, are also important.", "6.There are signs that a new level of interest has been reached on the difficult problems that are facing the world after the cold war.In various regions, intensive efforts have been made to promote cooperation and confidence-building; strengthening regional cooperation systems that include security issues represents a type of preventive diplomacy based on transparency.The Commission's role in these processes is important.", "7.The proliferation of conventional weapons is one of the most disturbing legacies of the cold war.He, who had previously been the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, was fully aware of the extent to which conflict control and resolution in many parts of the world were complicated by the enormous amount of weapons that had been introduced in those regions over the past two decades.Concerted action is needed, mainly by Governments", "(Mr. Goulding)", "in their own territories, to eliminate the considerable amount of weapons found in the hands of political groups or individuals.The establishment of a new United Nations Register of Conventional Arms is an important step in increasing clarity and transparency in military matters.The indiscriminate use of landmines is another issue that requires the urgent and determined attention of the international community.", "8.In order to respond to these challenges and opportunities, the Secretary-General has decided to rename the Office for Disarmament Affairs, which will be called the \"Centre for Disarmament Affairs,\" and has also decided that it will remain in New York as an integral part of the Department of Political Affairs.", "In accordance with the agreement with the General Assembly, staff would be again composed of the same number of staff as they had, with the proposed addition of three posts, mainly in connection with the work of the Register of Conventional Arms.The Secretary-General has instructed the Office to consider how confidence-building, verification and other techniques that had been developed and tested in the field of arms control and disarmament could be developed and used as tools for preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and post-conflict peace-building, with the consent of the Governments concerned.In this regard, the Centre has the advantage that several staff members of the Centre have served in peacekeeping missions in recent months, which allows them to bring valuable experience from the field.", "9.The Conference on Disarmament remains the main forum for the negotiation of international agreements on arms control and disarmament.After Mr.Mr. Berasategui, Secretary-General of the Conference, appointed Mr.Vladimir Petrovsky, Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva, to serve as Secretary-General of the Conference and to act as his Personal Representative to the Conference, on an interim basis, beginning on 5 December 1993.Mr.Petrovsky would perform these functions simultaneously with his functions as Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva.", "10.The work of the Centre & apos; s three regional centres is currently being reconsidered, taking into account new opportunities for progress on a regional basis.The role of the centres should be redefined to ensure that their activities had implications for the regions in which they served and were an effective part of the Secretariat & apos; s response to the opportunities and challenges it faced.", "General discussion on all disarmament and international security agenda items", "11.Mr.Mr. MARIN BOSCH (Mexico) said that the Conference on Disarmament had for some time felt the impact of the rapid changes on the international situation; for the second consecutive year, its report to the General Assembly had been a concrete result.The decision to launch long-awaited negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban will be a critical point in the international community's efforts to stop and reverse nuclear proliferation in all its", "(Mr. Marin Bosch, Mexico)", "aspects.That decision was made possible, to a large extent, by the change in position of the new United States Government with regard to the comprehensive nuclear test ban.Unfortunately, it was not possible to reach agreement in 1993 on the expansion of the membership of the Conference, as a single negative view suddenly appeared.It was to be hoped that that country would be able to reconsider its position.", "12.Washington and Moscow are beginning to reverse the nuclear arms race, with the signing of the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Weapons (START), the Lisbon Protocol and START II.Just as the nuclear arms race had a very particular dynamic, which was driven by the interests of military and industrial complexes, the process of reducing those arsenals would have its own dynamics and would require increasing reductions in nuclear weapons.However, it should not be lost sight of the fact that in 10 years after the full implementation of the provisions of the START treaties, the strategic nuclear arsenals of the United States and Russia will continue to be higher than those of the United States and Russia towards the end of the 1960s, when the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons was signed.It should not be forgotten that the world has since been flooded by tens of thousands of nuclear weapons and the international community has not yet reached agreement on a well-defined path to continue with regard to those weapons of mass destruction.", "13.As for nuclear tests, there was hope that the nuclear-weapon States would show caution that would certainly benefit future negotiations on the subject.However, on 5 October 1993, China had broken the de facto moratorium on nuclear tests and the debate on the continuation of nuclear tests had been reopened in the capitals of other nuclear-weapon States.This could have a negative impact on the Geneva Conference on Disarmament.The resumption of tests has already had immediate political consequences and could directly affect the nuclear non-proliferation dialogue.Nuclear-weapon States will have little authority to demand from others what they themselves are not willing to do; to conduct a few tests, small or large, before closing the door to others definitely seems to be a little serious.It was to be asked whether the nuclear-weapon States enjoyed special privileges.As parties to the NPT, the five States are under an obligation to continue negotiations with a view to \"seeking to achieve the permanent suspension of all nuclear-weapon test explosions,\" as stated in the Partial Test-Ban Treaty (PTBT).In addition, in its article VI, the NPT states that each Party to the Treaty is committed to holding negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to the cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, which is the key to that \"cessation of the nuclear arms race.\"", "(Mr. Marin Bosch, Mexico)", "14.30 years ago, Mexico, like other members of the Eighteen Nations Disarmament Committee (CDDN), noted that the PTBT represented \"a first step\" towards a complete nuclear test ban and towards general and complete disarmament under effective international control.In signing the PTBT, the United States Secretary of State said that history would ultimately record how that incomplete peace task would be carried out.Three long decades later, that \"task of peace\" remains unfinished.It is true that in the 1970s there were attempts to negotiate a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty (CTBT), but that opportunity, and several others, was left to escape.This is why a number of countries, including Mexico, are seeking a comprehensive test ban by amending the PTBT.This process is still under way and some important progress was made in August 1993 during the consultations held in New York by the President of the Amendment Conference.It was agreed that the process of amending the TBT was complementary to other efforts and that it offered clear advantages in some lines on other approaches.In the meantime, the Conference on Disarmament decided to negotiate a CTBT as of January 1994.", "15.However, the path between the decision of the Conference on Disarmament and the negotiation of a CTBT itself is not being easy.The previous week some differences began to emerge in Geneva about how best to take advantage of the time that it averages between October and January.It is obvious that there are nuclear Powers who want a more or less slow pace, while most members of the Conference on Disarmament would prefer a faster step.The members of the Group of 21 have even suggested that the Conference set 1994 as the deadline for the conclusion of a CTBT.", "16.Given the decision of the Conference on Disarmament to enter into negotiations in January, it is clear that the important thing will be to translate that political agreement into a paper agreement as soon as possible.To achieve this, an effort will have to be made to find compromise formulas that will ensure prompt negotiation and, therefore, the members of the Conference should begin the discussion of the two main aspects of the future CTBT: the scope of the ban and its verification system.However, progress will not be made as quickly as the issue requires if there is a need to delay negotiations or to carry out further nuclear tests.", "17.The NPT prohibits its non-nuclear-weapon parties from acquiring nuclear weapons and, therefore, from conducting nuclear tests.There are several dozen countries that have not acceded to the NPT.Would they and the other members of the international community accept the establishment of a kind of test quota system prior to the entry into force of the CTBT for each of the nuclear-weapon States?", "18.The five nuclear-weapon States have said that they are ready to conclude a CTBT, but their motives are not necessarily identical and their differences are due to their different levels of nuclear development.However, everyone appreciates, to a different extent, the advantages of a CTBT in strengthening nuclear non-proliferation.Some even see it as a step towards ensuring nuclear non-proliferation and thus paving the way for nuclear disarmament.", "(Mr. Marin Bosch, Mexico)", "19.This observation is linked to an area of fundamental importance.When talking about the five nuclear-weapon States, a formal distinction is made, based on the NPT and a purely chronological assessment.However, other considerations result in a different approach.For example, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have nuclear weapons but have never been tested; South Africa had six untested devices and now says it no longer has them; India had at least one; Israel is generally supposed to have nuclear weapons and other countries are supposed to have them as well.However, the international community remains clinging to the NPT and its somewhat archaic definitions.The fact is that in the 1990s the dividing line between the nuclear-weapon States and some of those that do not have them is being erased and some of the latter are importing large amounts of plutonium for their advanced civilian nuclear industry.These and other highly industrialized countries are \"potential nuclear-weapon States,\" as they could produce a nuclear device within months or weeks.Then there are the so-called \"nuclear States on the threshold,\" countries that have significant nuclear programmes but are not parties to the NPT.There is now a third category of non-NPT States: the \"temporary nuclear-weapon States,\" which include Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and South Africa.", "20.The above are some of the issues that the parties to the NPT should consider during the preparatory process for the 1995 Review and Extension Conference.Another issue is to determine what happened in Iraq, a State party to the NPT, and why.The United Nations and International Atomic Energy Agency inspectors found an impressive amount of material in Iraq, which reveals an ambitious nuclear programme: it seems impossible for years, especially in the 1980s, that this so-called \"sensitive\" material has been exported and in such quantities without any Government of exporting States (all of them parties to the NPT) having suspected that Iraqis were building something.It was also worth asking what the impact of the recent case of the Democratic People & apos; s Republic of Korea on the future of the non-proliferation regime established by the NPT would be.", "21.The Chemical Weapons Convention seeks to remedy these somewhat confusing situations concerning the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.The Convention requires each party to declare, once that instrument entered into force, whether it has chemical weapons, whether such weapons exist on its territory, whether it has transferred or received them since 1 January 1946 and whether there are (or there were) chemical weapons facilities on its territory.That is the key to the uniform regime for all parties to the Convention.With regard to chemical and biological weapons, there is nothing that resembles a \"caste society,\" as it exists in the nuclear field; that society will have to disappear soon if the aim is to build a nuclear non-proliferation regime that is genuine, universal and equitable.Nuclear-weapon States (and some others) cannot continue to demand the right to observe the nuclear facilities of others, either unilaterally or through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).This certainly does not lead to the climate of confidence of openness that is often required of other countries in relation to other weapons and weapons systems.", "(Mr. Marin Bosch, Mexico)", "22.The international community in general and the five nuclear-weapon States in particular now have the opportunity to make decisive progress in the field of nuclear disarmament.The preparatory process for the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference provides a good vehicle for a frank dialogue on the future nuclear non-proliferation regime.", "23.The issue of the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in all its aspects and ballistic projectiles is of growing importance.His delegation believed that the time had come to ask the Geneva Conference to take a more intensive and formal approach to this issue, which deserved consideration in the various international disarmament forums, including the United Nations Disarmament Commission.It would be useful if the Secretary-General, with the assistance of a small group of governmental experts, could develop a brief study on this issue, which was of vital importance to the international community.His delegation intended to explore with other interested delegations the possibility of submitting a draft resolution in that regard.", "24.Mr.Mr. ZAHRAN (Egypt), speaking in his capacity as President of the Conference on Disarmament, introduced the annual report of the Conference on the work of the 1993 session (A / 48 / 27).The report does not transmit, as was done in 1992, an international instrument for consideration by the General Assembly.However, the Conference worked hard on a number of substantive and organizational matters, making progress in its consideration of issues of vital importance to international peace and security.In particular, on 10 August 1993, the Conference decided, inter alia, to give its Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban a mandate to negotiate a nuclear-weapon-test-ban treaty, for which consultations would be held between 3 September 1993 and 17 January 1994 on the specific mandate and organization of negotiations.Thus, for the first time since the Treaty banning nuclear-weapon testing in the atmosphere, outer space and under water of 5 August 1963, the multilateral negotiating forum of the international community has initiated negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear-weapon-ban treaty.That long-standing objective of the international community seems to be closer to being realized than before.Future negotiations on a subject to which the General Assembly has given the highest priority since the conclusion of the TBT involve a political commitment that will require the necessary resources from the Secretariat to ensure that the negotiations receive sufficient support.", "25.With regard to the composition of the Conference, the Special Coordinator on the composition of the Conference held detailed consultations before the submission of his report, as contained in paragraphs 13 and 14 of the annual report.As noted in paragraph 15, many States members of the Conference and some non-members made statements on the subject, but no conclusion was reached before the end of the annual session.The President therefore instructed that consultations should continue to reach consensus during the intersessional recess.He had initiated such consultations and intended to", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "to continue these activities until the beginning of the 1994 session.While there are still challenges to be resolved, members are fully aware of the need to expand the multilateral disarmament negotiating forum.That issue of mutual interest could contribute to the expansion of the Conference.", "26.With regard to the working methods of the Conference, open informal consultations were held and the discussions and their results are reflected in paragraphs 19 and 20 of the annual report.This shorter report submitted by the Conference to the Assembly at its current session is the result of the review of better and more effective functioning.", "27.The activities of the four ad hoc committees established by the Conference during the annual session 1993 should be highlighted.The Ad Hoc Committee on a Nuclear Test Ban made some progress in its consideration of a number of important issues under the agenda item, and discussed aspects related to structure and scope, as well as verification and compliance.It was generally recognized that an effective international verification system would be needed to achieve compliance with a future treaty on the comprehensive test-ban of nuclear weapons.Preliminary work on non-seismic verification was initiated for the first time in the history of the Conference.The Conference generally recognized that the decision to give the Ad Hoc Committee a negotiating mandate is a critical point for multilateral work to develop a comprehensive nuclear-weapon-ban treaty.", "28.The Ad Hoc Committee on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space considered a number of issues related to its future work and thanked the Chairman's partners for holding open consultations on issues such as confidence-building measures, terminology and legal aspects related to the prevention of an arms race in outer space.There was broad agreement that the conclusion of an international agreement or agreements to prevent such an arms race remained the Committee & apos; s fundamental work and that proposals for confidence-building measures could be an integral part of those agreements.It was recommended that the Conference on Disarmament should, at the beginning of the 1994 session, restore the Ad Hoc Committee on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space with an appropriate mandate to continue its substantive work on all issues before it.", "29.The Ad Hoc Committee on Effective International Agreements to Assure Non-Nuclear-Weapon States against the Use or Threat of Use of Nuclear Weapons continues to consider this important issue and expressed the view that further efforts were needed, bearing in mind recent changes in the international political climate.It therefore agreed to recommend the re-establishment of the Ad Hoc Committee at the beginning of the 1994 session.", "(Mr. Zahran, Egypt)", "30.In 1993, the Conference for the first time established the Ad Hoc Committee on Transparency in Arms.At its first session, the Committee covered a large number of items, including a substantive exchange of views on a number of complex issues related to the issue.It examined the excessive and destabilizing accumulation of weapons, the stockpiling of military material and the acquisition of national production materials and the transfer of high-level weapons and technology with military applications, and with weapons of mass destruction.The Committee was presented with 18 working papers, several of which contain specific proposals.While no agreement was reached on this, delegations agreed that many of the issues they addressed contributed to confidence-building and stability.The Ad Hoc Committee therefore recommended its re-establishment at the beginning of the 1994 session of the Conference.", "31.The work of the Conference in 1993 continued a positive trend that began the previous year with the important agreement on the Chemical Weapons Convention.New ideas and issues of common interest are emerging as international cooperation replaces the confrontations of the cold war.The decision to begin negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear-weapon-ban treaty is one of the most prominent developments in the post-cold-war period.While negotiations would certainly not be easy and a number of sensitive issues would have to be addressed, he hoped that the Conference would be able to fulfil its serious responsibilities as the international disarmament negotiating body.", "32.Mr.Mr. O'SULLIVAN (Australia) said that three important developments had taken place since the Commission had last met.First, the Chemical Weapons Convention was finalized, which was opened for signature and received broad international support.The establishment of the Interim Technical Secretariat under the Convention is a notable example of multilateral cooperation.The fact that their activities have already begun is a good omen of the effective implementation of the Treaty.He called on all signatory States to take the necessary measures to ensure the earliest possible implementation of the Convention.It also calls upon States that have not yet signed it to reconsider their position, with a view to ensuring the universal implementation of the global prohibition of chemical weapons.", "33.Secondly, the important decision taken by the Conference on Disarmament to begin negotiations for a comprehensive nuclear-weapon-ban treaty indicates a new and long-awaited stage in international disarmament negotiations.The Treaty will serve the dual purpose of preventing the production of new generations of nuclear weapons and of improving the nuclear non-proliferation regime.Australia hoped that most of the work on the Treaty could be completed in time for the NPT Review Conference in April 1995.It is important, however, that work on the political, legal and verification aspects of the Treaty be jointly and mutually reinforcing.Australia is ready to consider allocating more time to", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "the negotiations at the 1994 session of the Conference on Disarmament.In view of the progress made at the beginning of the negotiations on the Treaty, China & apos; s recent decision to violate the de facto nuclear-test moratorium, which had been observed for more than a year, was truly regrettable.", "34.Australia hopes that there will be greater unilateral security assurances, such as a joint declaration or other binding manifestation by nuclear-weapon States that they will not use them against countries that have committed themselves to non-proliferation.Together with the CTBT, such measures would significantly facilitate the review and extension of the NPT.", "35.The extension of the NPT at the 1995 Review Conference was essential, mainly to serve as a firm legal basis for international cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.Australia, like many other countries, is in favour of the indefinite extension of the Treaty and will continue to participate actively in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference.", "36.The end of the cold war poses challenges to the nuclear non-proliferation regime and at the same time presents opportunities to strengthen it.His country, concerned about the proliferation of nuclear weapons in South Asia, would welcome a more active dialogue on nuclear matters between India and Pakistan.Ukraine and Kazakhstan should also be encouraged to comply with their obligations under the Lisbon Protocol with respect to START I and to accede to the NPT as non-nuclear-weapon States, following the example of Belarus.", "37.Australia also welcomes South Africa's cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency since it acceded to the NPT and in particular its policy of full transparency with regard to its nuclear activities.However, the continued non-compliance of Iraq and the Democratic People & apos; s Republic of Korea with IAEA safeguards obligations remains a matter of deep concern.", "38.Australia fully supports the efforts made since the Gulf War to strengthen the effectiveness and transparency of the IAEA safeguards system, as well as the work of the Standing Advisory Group on Safeguards Implementation (SAGSI) and encourages other countries to do the same.With regard to the latter, he stressed the importance of effective implementation of safeguard agreements in preventing clandestine nuclear activities and of building confidence in the NPT-based non-proliferation regime.", "39.The stricter implementation of nuclear export controls and the strengthening of arrangements on nuclear material providers also contribute to the NPT non-proliferation objectives.In addition, regional non-proliferation arrangements, such as the Tlatelolco Treaties in Latin America and Rarotonga in the South Pacific, complement the NPT-based international non-proliferation regime.The measures taken to establish nuclear-weapon-free zones in other regions not only promote a more constructive attitude towards non-nuclear-weapon-free arrangements.", "(Mr. O'Sullivan, Australia)", "They also encourage regional support from the NPT in the pre-1995 Conference stages.", "40.Australia looks forward to participating in future negotiations to end the production of fissile materials and to establishing non-discriminatory multilateral controls over the purchase of destabilizing missile systems, in particular those used as means of delivery for weapons of mass destruction.", "41.It has tended to underestimate the risk posed by the proliferation of biological weapons as a possible threat to international security.Australia has long been concerned that the effectiveness of the only global instrument for the abolition of such weapons - the Biological Weapons Convention - is limited by the lack of mechanisms to verify compliance with the obligations under the Convention.It therefore welcomed the report of the Ad Hoc Group of Governmental Experts, which concluded that verification measures would contribute to improving the effective implementation of the Convention, and provided a strong technical basis for the development of the necessary verification mechanisms.In that regard, Australia supported the convening of a special conference to that end, and suggested that other States parties should do the same, for which they should notify one of the depository countries without delay.", "42.Since the end of the cold war, the Commission has been able to address the issue of regional security more effectively, as well as to encourage arms control, security and confidence-building measures in certain regions.Some progress has been made in its region, as ASEAN member countries are contributing significantly to the dialogue on security in the Asia-Pacific region through the establishment of the ASEAN Regional Forum.Australia also participated in the United States-Russian-sponsored Working Group on Arms Control and Regional Security, and looks forward to progress in this area.", "43.With regard to transparency in military matters, particularly with regard to armaments, he noted with satisfaction that many countries had already sent their responses to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms.It looked forward to participating actively in the General Assembly and the Conference on Disarmament in the future development of global transparency mechanisms and guidelines for the purchase of arms.Another important issue to be addressed in the immediate future is the need to establish more effective standards for the use of landmines, which requires a review of the Inhuman Weapons Convention.", "44.In conclusion, he recalled that he had been entrusted with the task of considering the possibility of expanding the Conference on Disarmament so that it could carry out its functions more effectively.After extensive informal consultations, he proposed to the Conference a compromise resolution on which, unfortunately, no agreement had been reached.However, he hoped that, with the assistance of the President of the Conference, a solution could be found with general approval.", "45.Mr.Mr. PIZARRO (Chile) said that, despite the end of the cold war, essential tasks remained to be done in the field of disarmament.His Government deplored China & apos; s recent violation of the voluntary nuclear-test moratorium, which had meant that other nuclear Powers were reconsidering their commitments in that regard.", "46.Another issue of concern is the extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).While Chile agrees with its purpose, it is at the same time considered a discriminatory Treaty, because the inequality of rights and obligations between nuclear-weapon States and those that are not, has been largely responsible for the great proliferation of nuclear weapons.However, the Government of Chile had arranged for a reassessment of its position on the NPT in the hope that the parties would demonstrate flexibility in the treatment of the issue and allow for the participation of observers in the preparatory meetings for the 1995 Conference.It is important to take advantage of the opportunity presented by international political reality to discuss the nuclear non-proliferation regime without limitation.", "47.Another concern is the lack of agreement on the issue of expanding the membership of the Conference on Disarmament.He called on the parties concerned to strengthen dialogue and negotiation to overcome the remaining difficulties in the face of the proposal by the representative of Australia, which his country considered a viable alternative.", "48.As the United Nations approaches the 50 years of its existence, it must be a true instrument of international peace and security.In that connection, he supported the proposals to streamline the work of the First Committee and to reform its agenda.The Commission should seek to establish more binding legal standards that would effectively strengthen international peace and security.", "49.The Latin American and Caribbean region is committed to the cause of disarmament, as demonstrated by the determined political will of Argentina, Brazil and Chile to bring into force the Treaty of Tlatelolco, not to mention the nuclear-related agreements between Argentina and Brazil, which go beyond the provisions of treaties in force in the same field.", "50.With regard to the Chemical Weapons Convention, the final declaration of a recent regional seminar in Santiago noted, inter alia, the importance of ensuring the universal applicability of the Chemical Weapons Convention and of achieving the effective and balanced operation of its verification regime.In addition, the Mendoza Commitment on the total and complete prohibition of chemical and biological weapons already has broad regional support.The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use of Environmental Change Techniques for Military or Other Hostile Purposes is being processed before the Chilean Chamber of Deputies for further ratification.", "(Mr. Pizarro, Chile)", "51.The large number of responses received by the Centre for Disarmament Affairs related to the Register of Conventional Arms is encouraging.It is important to continue to improve the Register in order to make it a genuine confidence-building measure at both the bilateral, regional and global levels.To that end, his Government had not only reported only on transfers in the requested fiscal year but also on its stocks, and had also indicated its readiness to participate in the forthcoming meetings of governmental experts on that subject.", "52.Disarmament problems remain in place and their relationship to international security is more evident than before.The Government of Chile notes with concern the lack of human and material resources that have been affecting the Office for Disarmament Affairs for a long time, a situation that is not in line with the complex and vast task that remains to be done.", "53.One of the main problems that have been identified since the emergence of the new international order is that of human security, which is beyond traditional security notions.In many parts of the world, poverty is the main cause of insecurity.In that connection, he suggested that the Committee should take four considerations into account during its deliberations.First, that the security of the person is as important or more important than the security of the State.Secondly, the security problems of a country, region or geographical area can be an element of stability that is not at the borders where this situation occurs.Thirdly, a modern concept of security must take account of economic, social, environmental and other problems.Finally, the end of the cold war demonstrates the need to revitalize concepts that ideological confrontation never allowed to prosper, such as the \"zones of peace.\"Latin America has a wealth of experience in this area, which demonstrates the usefulness of these areas as a forum for cooperation and understanding, as well as for the relaxation of possible military tensions.", "54.Disarmament must be a global process that takes into account the specific characteristics of each region and means a real improvement in the living conditions particularly of developing countries.He believed that the United Nations was the appropriate forum for achieving the purposes set forth in his Charter.It is therefore essential that the opportunity, perhaps unique in history, be not missed in order to make substantive progress in the field of international disarmament, peace and security, which will benefit future generations.", "55.Mr.Mr. MROZIEWICZ (Poland) said that since 1989 the world had undergone radical changes that had affected the very essence of international security.While some sources of instability and regional conflicts have ceased to exist since the end of the cold war and new opportunities have emerged to resolve old disputes, other conflicts have arisen that are latent, encouraged by an increase in nationalist and even xenophobic feelings.For several decades, international security depended on the balance of the military, but today the role of the military", "(Mr. Mroziewicz, Poland)", "Security Council and the participation of regional organizations increased significantly as a political means of ensuring security.", "56.Poland enjoys good relations with its neighbouring countries through cooperation with, among others, the VISEGRAD Group and the Baltic States.It also encourages the strengthening of links with the countries of Western Europe, the United States and Canada; their incorporation in the North Atlantic Alliance and the European Community are among the priorities of Poland's foreign policy.", "57.The fundamental challenge facing Europe today is the establishment of a system that provides equal security for all European countries.The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) should play an important role in that regard and could provide a forum for dispute settlement and conflict prevention.If necessary, the CSCE could call for the intervention of the relevant military alliances.They would have the dual role of partnerships within the meaning of Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations and of institutions that perform pan-European functions, to which Poland attaches particular importance.", "58.The NPT is one of the fundamental elements of international security, and should therefore be extended indefinitely at the 1995 Review Conference.The constructive negotiations on CTBT at the Geneva Conference on Disarmament will promote the success of the Review Conference.Encouraged by its commitment to nuclear non-proliferation and with the support of the Group of Eastern European Countries, which has not yet been the Chair of a NPT Review Conference, Poland intends to appoint a candidate for that presidency.", "59.The proliferation of materials and technology for the production of weapons of mass destruction and the clandestine sales of such materials and technology to regions of potential conflict is an increasing challenge to international peace and security and should therefore be given a high priority on the agenda.", "60.He welcomed the signing by some 150 States of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction and stressed the urgent need to ensure the timely entry into force of that Convention and for the States signatories to cooperate with the Preparatory Commission for the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.The Netherlands, together with Canada and Poland, will introduce a draft resolution on this item.", "61.Poland welcomes the establishment, within the framework of the Conference on Disarmament, of an ad hoc Committee on the Establishment of Transparency in Arms.The regional workshop organized in Poland in 1993 by the United Nations Centre for Disarmament Affairs facilitated the participation of States in the region in the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, to which Poland attaches great importance.", "(Mr. Mroziewicz, Poland)", "62.The new realities and priorities of disarmament required a readjustment of the disarmament machinery, including measures such as the rationalization of the agenda of the First Committee and the simplification of its modus operandi, which would reduce the number of its resolutions and increase its credibility.He welcomed the decision by the Conference on Disarmament to focus its attention on four themes only in 1993, with the rapid establishment of the respective ad hoc subsidiary bodies, but regretted the fact that no consensus had been reached on the very important issue of the increase in the membership of the Conference.It was essential to find a compromise that would accommodate the different aspirations of States that wished to join the Conference without undermining their negotiating powers.", "63.Mr.Mr. CISSE (Senegal) said that the optimism created by the positive changes in the international context and the Organization's increasing participation in international peace efforts was mitigated by concern about the resurgence of armed conflict.Only complete and universal disarmament will allow multilateral cooperation with the resulting economic and social development necessary to ensure that such conflicts can be overcome.", "64.Senegal was therefore pleased with the significant progress made in the field of disarmament in 1993, including the signing of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and hoped that the necessary measures to ensure its entry into force would soon be completed, which would contribute to the unprecedented elimination in the history of a whole category of weapons of mass destruction.", "65.Senegal also welcomed the signing in 1993 by the United States of America and the Russian Federation of the START II Treaty and hoped that the remaining obstacles to the ratification of the Lisbon Protocol would be overcome without delay.", "66.He noted with concern that many issues, in particular those relating to procedures, relating to the 1995 Review Conference on the Non-Proliferation Treaty remained unresolved, drew attention to the issue of the presidency of the Conference, in particular, and expressed his delegation & apos; s support for the nomination of Ambassador Dhamapala, presented by the Non-Aligned Movement.", "67.As a non-nuclear-weapon State, Senegal particularly welcomes the recent decision to entrust the Disarmament Commission with the negotiation of a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty, and is ready to contribute actively to that important project.", "68.At the regional level, Senegal also welcomed the announcement by South Africa, which will dismantle its nuclear weapons.He stressed the need for IAEA to be fully notified of the inventory of nuclear materials resulting from that process of dismantling and, in general, of the", "(Mr. Cisse, Senegal)", "other nuclear material placed under full control or transferred from Africa, with a view to ensuring the denuclearization of the African continent.", "69.In the Asian region, Senegal welcomes the joint statement by the Democratic People & apos; s Republic of Korea and the United States of America on efforts to achieve denuclearization of the Korean peninsula and the decision of the Democratic People & apos; s Republic of Korea to suspend its withdrawal from the NPT and to continue negotiations with IAEA.", "70.Despite the progress made in reducing and controlling certain categories of weapons of mass destruction, the precarious political, economic and social balance in the world is increasingly threatened by the growing accumulation of conventional weapons in certain vulnerable regions.His delegation therefore welcomed the establishment of the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms and hoped that the current discussions would contribute to greater transparency in that area.", "71.The Organization & apos; s efforts to promote disarmament and arms regulation could only be successful with the support of all member States, in particular the major Powers, with their formidable military arsenals.Efforts to build a world of peace and security also demand the fight against hunger, poverty and disease.These factors must be given attention, which may become more serious threats to international peace and security than those posed by military arsenals.", "72.Mr.Mr. PERRI (Brazil) said that, despite positive developments in the world following the cold war, such as the recent Israeli-Palestinian agreement and the dismantling of apartheid, new and old conflicts had emerged, thus maintaining international peace and security was much more complex than had been expected at the end of a phase dominated by ideological confrontations.Preventive diplomacy is therefore of particular importance, as the consolidation of peace through the promotion of a just and equitable international order is the best diplomacy in a world where political, military and economic imbalances still persist.", "73.As the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Brazil had stressed in his statement to the General Assembly, the international agenda was structured, as had been the case, around democracy, development and disarmament, with ramifications in the areas of human rights, the environment and international security.These three elements are the necessary basis for peace in the new international order that the Organization is seeking to create.", "74.Among some recent encouraging initiatives, he welcomed the signing of START II and the United States plans to ban the production of fissile materials.A more peaceful international situation has given an opportunity to reduce military and international budgets.", "(Mr. Perri, Brazil)", "to convert military industries to civilian use.Brazil hoped that the resources released in that process would stimulate economic and social development, particularly for the benefit of developing countries, and in that context welcomed the proposal that the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) should coordinate the establishment of an interdepartmental United Nations working group on conversion.", "75.At the multilateral level, Brazil noted with satisfaction the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention by 150 countries and calls on the remaining countries to sign it as well.Brazil also welcomes the progress made in the areas of biological verification, conventional arms control and the nuclear test ban.It calls upon the nuclear-weapon States not to resume testing and to continue their efforts to achieve a multilaterally agreed and internationally verifiable comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty, particularly since the cessation of nuclear testing is essential to halting vertical proliferation.The progress made in horizontal non-proliferation could be undermined without an end to vertical proliferation.", "76.He hoped that the negotiations on the expansion of the membership of the Conference on Disarmament would be successfully concluded, thus meeting the need to further democratize the Conference without affecting its efficiency.", "77.He stressed the need to complete work at the next session of the Conference on Disarmament on the remaining agenda items and drew attention to the special interest of Brazil in promoting discussions on the subject of science and technology, as it believed that consensus among the supplier and recipient countries on the proposed guidelines and recommendations would be of crucial importance in strengthening international security and promoting economic and social development.Universal adherence to the use and transfer of high-level technology exclusively for peaceful purposes will contribute to a more peaceful and prosperous international order.", "78.He commended the significant achievements in the field of disarmament made by United Nations bodies such as the Office (now the Centre) for Disarmament Affairs, the Regional Disarmament Centres, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters.However, the continued existence of nuclear arsenals still poses a threat to peace and security.In that regard, he expressed concern at the precarious situation in some regions of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics created by the deployment of strategic nuclear weapons.", "(Mr. Perri, Brazil)", "79.Following the adoption of various international instruments by Brazil and other countries in the region, Latin America is close to becoming a region where nuclear weapons will be definitively prohibited.He hoped that the Treaty of Tlatelolco, recently adopted by the Government of Brazil, would be adopted by other countries in the region and entered into full force by the end of 1993.", "The meeting rose at 1.10 p.m." ]	"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"
"0YOMwvFEtOU8eJNr328+AKvOKUE+sbtyOFFTJ5VZh5Y="	en	fr	[ "A S", "1", "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE POSITION OF TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/569", "S/26683", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD EXTRA RETURNS.GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 31", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND", "HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "Letter dated 1 November 1993 from the Permanent", "Representative of the Netherlands to the United", "Nations addressed to the Secretary-General", "I have the honour to inform you that, in accordance with Security Council resolution 875 (1993), the Government of the Netherlands has decided to dispatch a frigate and a maritime patrol aircraft of the Royal Netherlands Navy in order to ensure compliance with Security Council resolution 841 (1993) relating to the supply of petroleum and of arms and, in particular, to detect and/or detain all ships bound for Haiti whenever necessary in order to inspect their cargo and verify their destination.", "I should be grateful if you would have this letter circulated as an official document of the General Assembly, under agenda item 31, and of the Security Council.", "(Signed) Nicolaas H. BIEGMAN", "Ambassador", "Permanent Representative", "-----", "93-60285 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/569", "S/26683", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.ASSEMBLEE GENERALE CONSEIL DE SECURITE", "Quarante‑huitième session Quarante‑huitième année", "Point 31 de l'ordre du jour", "LA SITUATION DE LA DEMOCRATIE", "ET DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN", "HAITI", "Lettre datée du 1er novembre 1993, adressée au Secrétaire général par", "le Représentant permanent des Pays‑Bas auprès de l'Organisation des", "Nations Unies", "J'ai l'honneur de vous informer que, conformément à la résolution 875 (1993) du Conseil de sécurité, le Gouvernement des Pays‑Bas a décidé de détacher une frégate et un avion de patrouille maritime de la Marine royale des Pays‑Bas pour contribuer à faire respecter la résolution 875 (1993) du Conseil de sécurité relative à la fourniture de pétrole et d'armements et, en particulier, pour repérer et/ou immobiliser tous les navires faisant route vers Haïti lorsqu'il le faudra pour inspecter leur cargaison et vérifier leur destination.", "Je vous serais reconnaissant de bien vouloir faire distribuer la présente lettre en tant que document officiel de l'Assemblée générale, au titre du point 31 de l'ordre du jour, et du Conseil de sécurité.", "L'Ambassadeur,", "Représentant permanent", "(Signé) Nicolaas H. BIEGMAN", "-----" ]	[ "A S", "1", "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE POSITION OF TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/569", "S/26683", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD EXTRA RETURNS.GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 31", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND", "HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "Letter dated 1 November 1993 from the Permanent", "Representative of the Netherlands to the United", "Nations addressed to the Secretary-General", "I have the honour to inform you that, in accordance with Security Council resolution 875 (1993), the Government of the Netherlands has decided to dispatch a frigate and a maritime patrol aircraft of the Royal Netherlands Navy in order to ensure compliance with Security Council resolution 841 (1993) relating to the supply of petroleum and of arms and, in particular, to detect and/or detain all ships bound for Haiti whenever necessary in order to inspect their cargo and verify their destination.", "I should be grateful if you would have this letter circulated as an official document of the General Assembly, under agenda item 31, and of the Security Council.", "(Signed) Nicolaas H. BIEGMAN", "Ambassador", "Permanent Representative", "-----", "93-60285 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/569", "S/26683", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS. GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 31", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY", "AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE", "HAITI", "Letter dated 1 November 1993 from the Permanent Representative of", "Representative of the Netherlands to the United Nations", "United Nations", "I have the honour to inform you that, in accordance with Security Council resolution 875 (1993), the Government of the Netherlands has decided to detach a frigate and a maritime patrol aircraft from the Royal Netherlands Navy to help enforce Security Council resolution 875 (1993) on the supply of oil and armaments and, in particular, to identify and/or immobilize all ships en route to Haiti when necessary to inspect their cargo and verify their destination.", "I should be grateful if you would have the present letter circulated as an official document of the General Assembly, under agenda item 31, and of the Security Council.", "Ambassador,", "Permanent Representative", "(Signed) Nicolaas H. BIEGMAN", "-----" ]	"KLUv/WAVCnUyAFpceBJH8HScA6x7qaWKIdE3B18IycDNUHUF9kgsrjld8MD9DblJadgXeVDS9rmk6VJ6L+mMecDsa9h1UQxiYb3ofUZ5ltAs/rGYqAE2ARUBAgG9bRxvtHWcZzqVNlBvpu/bSO1pFnrrmtPheFrrr9O67es4jdTfKcSNWhuRsREH051KML3h40wnmM3rDSMJpM3ztOZ4nen0babWTJ+GrUEgrb9S1yVQc2iH4+nS11+3jTQM3OnC1hlKXXtcq3R667hRTCxMQGBDDglCPjCP00ahTusHPUPkcaNQt/WDkdZxIc5UkuFfuxPD8/KS9XvM6CzbdSeGx4WFpZPivbA4SHFZSdFqtpqRZtq6LfSiA4cWHTi0kAGA5APzNq47ubyuxH1adwLaPq47wZApAMDHSodc6bg8HTLruFQ6pErH9ZKRL5nLJdu0ZGRLVsOSkSyZa+PJSAfZZiWD0clIT+bKMrKTuVQyMstcL6RK5qKFfKFhIV1oHJAtNCskC02HXKHJSM+m4yoAwEeKfacEFCSC3Na00NfDXjWur7JdxBALHdN6srhvWKf4rsLeoWw7i+KJq1//lZtqjD1ojD2EfGA/Vy3Of5X1Vaban078Kh90r/O81z+cvXnPXqU/hRiuXuf4bqFdhXu0j+qsQ8cz7HeMfZQigqUIBARLjHxgJ93WG4lUEqF4H1cygdrbQP1tJxv3bSBt9IlxH6eJuuPa+0QhztSdRjqJTkCd1htgNBNMibSBekKpTx/n9Sb6VmKf7YfOYfuHb1HE9rAzz8wNXKm1YCPz9OiY9gyrpzQY/iprnT7WlBTTrEJBIojjOn/mCy6xn97qaum9fluFVSnqDVr47QQFMRkmJ2AmShgA8oFpHnQcUDLgxwe2jbjN60owHa/yVV6R+q0WpnM4c6On2DPlq7RgbzyD6PebLauz12pVKGLTiUIhRQAPTqX4ethC0XeWTf0E+6mr8OpW+vNeB53l1VUhmmI6Rf0W1WHNNqbviqpui+J8m4JBx775KWaQ4p+rO/5slB2z+6olrlb5pirFU/TvbIWKq9GC7Z9vdQ/ftlizE2fLmlDzwaezRft4rtpHiunPsWeHeKboo3q2CsRzdWkYekjBqRrrO8uGNgwWtIMWlyza698iBWu2MN3C9LMK0xDtYJ3hWxCcXWlv8FThzrbV41tUpZ9ttSpnTVVzSQLw0BBawYQBh8gHdp3W08yN251cD/G8tM7Ul25N+as8Aw1cr7LTSKGNk9AcUd85RQvSrhmEXlPUW2BDZhsx8ywCRz6wSsPIB8bZrDqHFG/8VaKI7hmEv/cULw2fWrE6jWkPL521WtC/L53vl8KOGGcza+5NS4wZ/V7Nq4cyaMMWJwUpCmW7PgVpCBRtMaMcz0+1x3QoZqu6zbGIyUSoOJqoaBjygamg4aIBrVDkA6Mo+q+SVe2ls9L5YZ4okaJkEPet2BTHKKeor+Ns/15/ypq1r4t986UijbHjSDvbFOz9/q9y5b95p94b7H3Hnyjhq8S0frYoZ/W7P+o9x9DH1YIr//ZKf5J6uijSzJpdc2N/lY9qr7nfVWD4KkMKvsqwR89ibwKAsaiBHIkUQ4jQiIgIaZI0ByACQoxCZ3cSANaddQohmgkkkJNCadoNIiTEDWerfKoEoQAEkSmy4oBehBO/zhjNOeavh1tt3w4ZSdPdtlA2gFtbVOJh0nIEcA8CyxR0wNh2V45DWS1xjQKq5c4zalXcWYRZ/wrNKhJarayuI5SLnLkM4iCfNYjseyMMGNi+M9tnT7xF4Jy8OgjlAjmEOzuiwLkBysFeXN/gavnQNE8yw4UeIEejfCvyK06uSgmOMLqLGRwJcq4FKyde26oRcIUVDdc0YkYB5AHiT7GEuumoDXTApTO7BRcG6dcPk0sgXM0QAbzkgFYUrwQu5il4B6SQ5z4+uQhXvDIlgIZZdgZheF5xif80pLuqv+rMBQYQiH4GyBHvuwM7CwC238EkyKyAwPgRhqUBrsanJXwJ47Dd8LGCA1R8J5KO7rbWRWdDOy2VXjV2I3WETYowu82mq4cBLYZKKLR+aYUDC4Jz5jlkM3EsG/SlXtMSsc3Ape+hKDJMdgNajXQK6w8A+DfKudhucYOfabcJD2aQmO4WnT5Kcm6YiyCgQHCrnhOnBg=="
"6uHBXa7DureXobYsVZLZ8QWC+F9mzOpkBgGfJ7gJlAg="	en	es	[ "A S", "1", "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE POSITION OF TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/569", "S/26683", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD EXTRA RETURNS.GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 31", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND", "HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "Letter dated 1 November 1993 from the Permanent", "Representative of the Netherlands to the United", "Nations addressed to the Secretary-General", "I have the honour to inform you that, in accordance with Security Council resolution 875 (1993), the Government of the Netherlands has decided to dispatch a frigate and a maritime patrol aircraft of the Royal Netherlands Navy in order to ensure compliance with Security Council resolution 841 (1993) relating to the supply of petroleum and of arms and, in particular, to detect and/or detain all ships bound for Haiti whenever necessary in order to inspect their cargo and verify their destination.", "I should be grateful if you would have this letter circulated as an official document of the General Assembly, under agenda item 31, and of the Security Council.", "(Signed) Nicolaas H. BIEGMAN", "Ambassador", "Permanent Representative", "-----", "93-60285 (E) 021193" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/569", "S/26683", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "ASAMBLEA GENERAL CONSEJO DE SEGURIDAD", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones Cuadragésimo octavo año", "Tema 31 del programa", "SITUACION DE LA DEMOCRACIA Y LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN HAITI", "Carta de fecha 1º de noviembre de 1993 dirigida al Secretario", "General por el Representante Permanente de los Países Bajos", "ante las Naciones Unidas", "Tengo el honor de comunicarle que, de conformidad con la resolución 875 (1993) del Consejo de Seguridad, el Gobierno de los Países Bajos ha decidido enviar una fragata y un avión de patrulla de la Marina Real Neerlandesa para garantizar el cumplimiento de la resolución 841 (1993) del Consejo de Seguridad relativa al suministro de petróleo y armas y, en particular, para detectar o detener, cuando sea necesario, a cualquier barco con rumbo a Haití, a fin de inspeccionar su cargamento y comprobar su lugar de destino.", "Le agradecería tuviera a bien distribuir esta carta como documento oficial de la Asamblea General, en relación con el tema 31, y del Consejo de Seguridad.", "(Firmado) Nicolaas H. BIEGMAN", "Embajador", "Representante Permanente", "-----" ]	[ "A S", "1", "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE POSITION OF TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/569", "S/26683", "2 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD EXTRA RETURNS.GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 31", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND", "HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "Letter dated 1 November 1993 from the Permanent", "Representative of the Netherlands to the United", "Nations addressed to the Secretary-General", "I have the honour to inform you that, in accordance with Security Council resolution 875 (1993), the Government of the Netherlands has decided to dispatch a frigate and a maritime patrol aircraft of the Royal Netherlands Navy in order to ensure compliance with Security Council resolution 841 (1993) relating to the supply of petroleum and of arms and, in particular, to detect and/or detain all ships bound for Haiti whenever necessary in order to inspect their cargo and verify their destination.", "I should be grateful if you would have this letter circulated as an official document of the General Assembly, under agenda item 31, and of the Security Council.", "(Signed) Nicolaas H. BIEGMAN", "Ambassador", "Permanent Representative", "-----", "93-60285 (E) 021193" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 569", "S / 26683", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 31", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "Letter dated 1 November 1993 from the Permanent Representative", "of the Netherlands addressed to the Secretary-General", "to the United Nations", "I have the honour to inform you that, in accordance with Security Council resolution 875 (1993), the Government of the Netherlands has decided to send a frigate and a patrol aircraft from the Royal Dutch Navy to ensure compliance with Security Council resolution 841 (1993) on the supply of oil and weapons and, in particular, to detect or detain, where necessary, any ship to Haiti, in order to inspect its cargo and to check its duty station.", "I should be grateful if you would have this letter circulated as an official document of the General Assembly, under item 31, and of the Security Council.", "(Signed) Nicolaas H.BIEGMAN", "Ambassador", "Permanent Representative", "-----" ]	"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"
"HCzA0zoDJLfbMGHQsB+eMciIWiAB2BN6Abc6GTYXz9A="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/48/569", "S/26683", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.ASSEMBLEE GENERALE CONSEIL DE SECURITE", "Quarante‑huitième session Quarante‑huitième année", "Point 31 de l'ordre du jour", "LA SITUATION DE LA DEMOCRATIE", "ET DES DROITS DE L'HOMME EN", "HAITI", "Lettre datée du 1er novembre 1993, adressée au Secrétaire général par", "le Représentant permanent des Pays‑Bas auprès de l'Organisation des", "Nations Unies", "J'ai l'honneur de vous informer que, conformément à la résolution 875 (1993) du Conseil de sécurité, le Gouvernement des Pays‑Bas a décidé de détacher une frégate et un avion de patrouille maritime de la Marine royale des Pays‑Bas pour contribuer à faire respecter la résolution 875 (1993) du Conseil de sécurité relative à la fourniture de pétrole et d'armements et, en particulier, pour repérer et/ou immobiliser tous les navires faisant route vers Haïti lorsqu'il le faudra pour inspecter leur cargaison et vérifier leur destination.", "Je vous serais reconnaissant de bien vouloir faire distribuer la présente lettre en tant que document officiel de l'Assemblée générale, au titre du point 31 de l'ordre du jour, et du Conseil de sécurité.", "L'Ambassadeur,", "Représentant permanent", "(Signé) Nicolaas H. BIEGMAN", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/569", "S/26683", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "ASAMBLEA GENERAL CONSEJO DE SEGURIDAD", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones Cuadragésimo octavo año", "Tema 31 del programa", "SITUACION DE LA DEMOCRACIA Y LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN HAITI", "Carta de fecha 1º de noviembre de 1993 dirigida al Secretario", "General por el Representante Permanente de los Países Bajos", "ante las Naciones Unidas", "Tengo el honor de comunicarle que, de conformidad con la resolución 875 (1993) del Consejo de Seguridad, el Gobierno de los Países Bajos ha decidido enviar una fragata y un avión de patrulla de la Marina Real Neerlandesa para garantizar el cumplimiento de la resolución 841 (1993) del Consejo de Seguridad relativa al suministro de petróleo y armas y, en particular, para detectar o detener, cuando sea necesario, a cualquier barco con rumbo a Haití, a fin de inspeccionar su cargamento y comprobar su lugar de destino.", "Le agradecería tuviera a bien distribuir esta carta como documento oficial de la Asamblea General, en relación con el tema 31, y del Consejo de Seguridad.", "(Firmado) Nicolaas H. BIEGMAN", "Embajador", "Representante Permanente", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/48/569", "S/26683", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS. GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 31", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY", "AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE", "HAITI", "Letter dated 1 November 1993 from the Permanent Representative of", "Representative of the Netherlands to the United Nations", "United Nations", "I have the honour to inform you that, in accordance with Security Council resolution 875 (1993), the Government of the Netherlands has decided to detach a frigate and a maritime patrol aircraft from the Royal Netherlands Navy to help enforce Security Council resolution 875 (1993) on the supply of oil and armaments and, in particular, to identify and/or immobilize all ships en route to Haiti when necessary to inspect their cargo and verify their destination.", "I should be grateful if you would have the present letter circulated as an official document of the General Assembly, under agenda item 31, and of the Security Council.", "Ambassador,", "Permanent Representative", "(Signed) Nicolaas H. BIEGMAN", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "A / 48 / 569", "S / 26683", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL", "Forty-eighth session Forty-eighth year", "Agenda item 31", "THE SITUATION OF DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN HAITI", "Letter dated 1 November 1993 from the Permanent Representative", "of the Netherlands addressed to the Secretary-General", "to the United Nations", "I have the honour to inform you that, in accordance with Security Council resolution 875 (1993), the Government of the Netherlands has decided to send a frigate and a patrol aircraft from the Royal Dutch Navy to ensure compliance with Security Council resolution 841 (1993) on the supply of oil and weapons and, in particular, to detect or detain, where necessary, any ship to Haiti, in order to inspect its cargo and to check its duty station.", "I should be grateful if you would have this letter circulated as an official document of the General Assembly, under item 31, and of the Security Council.", "(Signed) Nicolaas H.BIEGMAN", "Ambassador", "Permanent Representative", "-----" ]	"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"
"2ycCoAy6R4jzTb1d1O72chIzwN7szFmM6WolU6V9Coc="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.12", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH AND SPANISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (a)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION", "Angola, Cuba, Ghana, Lesotho, Namibia, Nigeria, Uganda,", "United Republic of Tanzania, Viet Nam, Zambia and", "Zimbabwe: draft resolution", "Use of mercenaries as a means to violate human rights and to impede", "the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 47/84 of 16 December 1992 on the use of mercenaries as a mean to violate human rights and to impede the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations concerning the strict observance of the principles of sovereign equality, political independence, territorial integrity of States and self‑determination of peoples,", "Urging strict respect for the principle of the non-use or threat of the use of force in international relations, as developed in the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, [1]/", "Reaffirming the legitimacy of the struggle of peoples and their liberation movements for their independence, territorial integrity, national unity and liberation from colonial domination, apartheid and foreign intervention and occupation and the fact that their legitimate struggle can in no way be considered as or equated to mercenary activity,", "Convinced that the use of mercenaries is a threat to international peace and security,", "Deeply concerned about the menace that the activities of mercenaries represent for all States, particularly African and other developing States,", "Profoundly alarmed at the continued international criminal activities of mercenaries in collusion with drug traffickers,", "Alarmed also by the growing linkage observed between mercenary activities and terrorist practices,", "Recognizing that the activities of mercenaries are contrary to the fundamental principles of international law, such as non-interference in the internal affairs of States, territorial integrity and independence, and impede the process of the self-determination of peoples struggling against colonialism, racism and apartheid and all forms of foreign domination,", "Recalling all of its relevant resolutions, as well as those of the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and the Organization of African Unity, in which, inter alia, it condemned any State that permitted or tolerated the recruitment, financing, training, assembly, transit and use of mercenaries with the objective of overthrowing the Governments of States Members of the United Nations, especially those of developing countries, or of fighting against national liberation movements,", "Deeply concerned about the loss of life, the substantial damage to property and the short-term and long-term negative effects on the economy of southern African countries resulting from mercenary aggression,", "Convinced that it is necessary to develop international cooperation among States for the prevention, prosecution and punishment of such offences,", "Welcoming the adoption of the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of mercenaries, [2]/", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights on the use of mercenaries as a means to violate human rights and to impede the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination; [3]/", "2. Condemns the continued recruitment, financing, training, assembly, transit and use of mercenaries, as well as all other forms of support to mercenaries, for the purpose of destabilizing and overthrowing the Governments of African States and of other developing States and fighting against the national liberation movements of peoples struggling for the exercise of their right to self-determination;", "3. Reaffirms that the use of mercenaries and their recruitment, financing and training are offences of grave concern to all States and violate the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations;", "4. Notes with concern the continued participation of South Africa in mercenary-related activities as highlighted in the report of the Special Rapporteur;", "5. Denounces any State that persists in the recruitment, or permits or tolerates the recruitment, of mercenaries and provides facilities to them for launching armed aggression against other States;", "6. Urges all States to take the necessary steps and to exercise the utmost vigilance against the menace posed by the activities of mercenaries and to ensure, by both administrative and legislative measures, that their territory and other territories under their control, as well as their nationals, are not used for the recruitment, assembly, financing, training and transit of mercenaries or for the planning of activities designed to destabilize or overthrow the Government of any State and to fight the national liberation movements struggling against racism, apartheid, colonial domination and foreign intervention or occupation;", "7. Calls upon all States to extend humanitarian assistance to victims of situations resulting from the use of mercenaries, as well as from colonial or alien domination or foreign occupation;", "8. Reaffirms that to use channels of humanitarian and other assistance to finance, train and arm mercenaries is inadmissible;", "9. Calls upon all States that have not yet done so to consider taking early action to sign or to ratify the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries; 2/", "10. Requests the Centre for Human Rights to organize, within the framework of its existing resources, working meetings to analyse the philosophical, political and legal aspects of this issue, in the light of the recommendations contained in the report of the Special Rapporteur;", "11. Requests the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights to report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session on the use of mercenaries, especially in view of the additional elements highlighted in his report. 3/", "-----", "[1] / Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex.", "93-60332 (E) 031193 031193 /...", "[2] / Resolution 44/34, annex.", "[3] / A/48/385." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.3/48/L.12", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS ET ESPAGNOL", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "TROISIEME COMMISSION", "Point 108 a) de l'ordre du jour", "DROIT DES PEUPLES A L'AUTODETERMINATION", "Angola, Cuba, Ghana, Lesotho, Namibie, Nigéria, République-Unie", "de Tanzanie, Ouganda, Viet Nam, Zambie et Zimbabwe : projet de", "résolution", "Utilisation de mercenaires comme moyen de violer les droits", "de l'homme et d'empêcher l'exercice du droit des peuples à", "l'autodétermination", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Rappelant sa résolution 47/84 du 16 décembre 1992, relative à l'utilisation de mercenaires comme moyen de violer les droits de l'homme et d'empêcher l'exercice du droit des peuples à l'autodétermination,", "Réaffirmant les buts et principes énoncés dans la Charte des Nations Unies concernant l'observation rigoureuse des principes de l'égalité souveraine, de l'indépendance politique, de l'intégrité territoriale des Etats et de l'autodétermination des peuples,", "Insistant sur le strict respect du principe du non-recours à la menace ou à l'emploi de la force dans les relations internationales, tel qu'il est énoncé dans la Déclaration relative aux principes du droit international touchant les relations amicales et la coopération entre les Etats, conformément à la Charte des Nations Unies[1],", "Réaffirmant la légitimité de la lutte que les peuples et leurs mouvements de libération mènent pour l'indépendance, l'intégrité territoriale, l'unité nationale et pour se libérer de la domination coloniale et de l'apartheid, ainsi que de l'intervention et de l'occupation étrangères, et réaffirmant en outre que leur lutte légitime ne peut en aucune façon être considérée comme une activité mercenaire ni y être assimilée,", "Convaincue que l'utilisation de mercenaires constitue une menace contre la paix et la sécurité internationales,", "Profondément préoccupée par la menace que les activités des mercenaires représentent pour tous les Etats, en particulier les Etats d'Afrique et d'autres Etats en développement,", "Vivement alarmée par la persistance des activités criminelles internationales menées par des mercenaires avec la complicité des trafiquants de drogues,", "Alarmée également par les liens croissants que l'on observe entre les activités mercenaires et les pratiques terroristes,", "Estimant que les activités des mercenaires sont contraires à des principes fondamentaux du droit international, comme la non-ingérence dans les affaires intérieures des Etats, l'intégrité territoriale et l'indépendance, et qu'elles entravent le processus d'autodétermination des peuples qui luttent contre le colonialisme, le racisme et l'apartheid et toutes les formes de domination étrangère,", "Rappelant toutes ses résolutions pertinentes dans lesquelles elle a, entre autres dispositions, condamné tout Etat qui permet ou tolère le recrutement, le financement, l'instruction, le rassemblement, le transit et l'utilisation de mercenaires en vue de renverser les gouvernements d'Etats Membres de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, en particulier ceux de pays en développement, ou de combattre les mouvements de libération nationale, et rappelant également les résolutions pertinentes du Conseil de sécurité, du Conseil économique et social et de l'Organisation de l'unité africaine,", "Profondément préoccupée par les pertes en vies humaines, les dommages matériels importants et les répercussions négatives à court terme et à long terme sur l'économie des pays d'Afrique australe qui résultent des agressions de mercenaires,", "Convaincue qu'il faut développer la coopération internationale entre Etats en vue de la prévention, de la poursuite et de la punition de ces infractions,", "Se félicitant de l'adoption de la Convention internationale contre le recrutement, l'utilisation, le financement et l'instruction de mercenaires[2],", "1. Prend acte avec satisfaction du rapport du Rapporteur spécial de la Commission des droits de l'homme sur l'utilisation de mercenaires comme moyen de violer les droits de l'homme et d'empêcher l'exercice du droit des peuples à l'autodétermination[3];", "2. Condamne la poursuite du recrutement, du financement, de l'instruction, du rassemblement, du transit et de l'utilisation de mercenaires, ainsi que toutes les autres formes d'appui aux mercenaires, visant à déstabiliser et à renverser les gouvernements des Etats d'Afrique et d'autres Etats en développement, ainsi qu'à combattre les mouvements de libération nationale des peuples qui luttent pour l'exercice de leur droit à l'autodétermination;", "3. Réaffirme que l'utilisation, le recrutement, le financement et l'instruction de mercenaires sont des infractions qui préoccupent gravement tous les Etats et violent les objectifs et principes inscrits dans la Charte des Nations Unies;", "4. Note avec inquiétude que l'Afrique du Sud continue à participer à des activités de type mercenaire, comme le Rapporteur spécial l'a signalé dans son rapport;", "5. Dénonce tout Etat qui persiste à recruter des mercenaires, ou en permet ou tolère le recrutement, et leur fournit des facilités pour lancer des agressions armées contre d'autres Etats;", "6. Demande instamment à tous les Etats de prendre les mesures nécessaires et de faire preuve d'une extrême vigilance s'agissant de la menace que constituent les activités des mercenaires, et de faire en sorte, par des mesures à la fois administratives et législatives, que leur territoire et les autres territoires relevant de leur autorité, aussi bien que leurs ressortissants, ne soient pas utilisés pour le recrutement, le rassemblement, le financement, l'instruction et le transit de mercenaires, ni pour la planification d'activités visant à déstabiliser ou à renverser le gouvernement d'un Etat quel qu'il soit et à combattre les mouvements de libération nationale qui luttent contre le racisme, l'apartheid, la domination coloniale et l'intervention ou l'occupation étrangères;", "7. Demande à tous les Etats d'apporter une aide humanitaire aux victimes de situations résultant de l'utilisation de mercenaires, de la domination coloniale ou étrangère ou de l'occupation étrangère;", "8. Réaffirme que l'utilisation des voies de l'assistance humanitaire et autre pour financer, instruire et armer des mercenaires est inadmissible;", "9. Demande à tous les Etats qui n'ont pas encore adhéré à la Convention internationale contre le recrutement, l'utilisation, le financement et l'instruction de mercenaires² ou qui ne l'ont pas encore ratifiée d'envisager de prendre rapidement des dispositions pour le faire;", "10. Prie le Centre pour les droits de l'homme d'organiser, dans le cadre des ressources existantes, des réunions de travail pour analyser les aspects philosophiques, politiques et juridiques de cette question à la lumière des recommandations contenues dans le rapport du Rapporteur spécial;", "11. Prie le Rapporteur spécial de la Commission des droits de l'homme de lui présenter à sa quarante-neuvième session un rapport sur l'utilisation des mercenaires, qui tienne spécialement compte des éléments supplémentaires signalés dans son rapport³.", "-----", "[1] Résolution 2625 (XXV), annexe.", "[2] Résolution 44/34, annexe.", "[3] A/48/385." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.12", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH AND SPANISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (a)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION", "Angola, Cuba, Ghana, Lesotho, Namibia, Nigeria, Uganda,", "United Republic of Tanzania, Viet Nam, Zambia and", "Zimbabwe: draft resolution", "Use of mercenaries as a means to violate human rights and to impede", "the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 47/84 of 16 December 1992 on the use of mercenaries as a mean to violate human rights and to impede the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations concerning the strict observance of the principles of sovereign equality, political independence, territorial integrity of States and self‑determination of peoples,", "Urging strict respect for the principle of the non-use or threat of the use of force in international relations, as developed in the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, [1]/", "Reaffirming the legitimacy of the struggle of peoples and their liberation movements for their independence, territorial integrity, national unity and liberation from colonial domination, apartheid and foreign intervention and occupation and the fact that their legitimate struggle can in no way be considered as or equated to mercenary activity,", "Convinced that the use of mercenaries is a threat to international peace and security,", "Deeply concerned about the menace that the activities of mercenaries represent for all States, particularly African and other developing States,", "Profoundly alarmed at the continued international criminal activities of mercenaries in collusion with drug traffickers,", "Alarmed also by the growing linkage observed between mercenary activities and terrorist practices,", "Recognizing that the activities of mercenaries are contrary to the fundamental principles of international law, such as non-interference in the internal affairs of States, territorial integrity and independence, and impede the process of the self-determination of peoples struggling against colonialism, racism and apartheid and all forms of foreign domination,", "Recalling all of its relevant resolutions, as well as those of the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and the Organization of African Unity, in which, inter alia, it condemned any State that permitted or tolerated the recruitment, financing, training, assembly, transit and use of mercenaries with the objective of overthrowing the Governments of States Members of the United Nations, especially those of developing countries, or of fighting against national liberation movements,", "Deeply concerned about the loss of life, the substantial damage to property and the short-term and long-term negative effects on the economy of southern African countries resulting from mercenary aggression,", "Convinced that it is necessary to develop international cooperation among States for the prevention, prosecution and punishment of such offences,", "Welcoming the adoption of the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of mercenaries, [2]/", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights on the use of mercenaries as a means to violate human rights and to impede the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination; [3]/", "2. Condemns the continued recruitment, financing, training, assembly, transit and use of mercenaries, as well as all other forms of support to mercenaries, for the purpose of destabilizing and overthrowing the Governments of African States and of other developing States and fighting against the national liberation movements of peoples struggling for the exercise of their right to self-determination;", "3. Reaffirms that the use of mercenaries and their recruitment, financing and training are offences of grave concern to all States and violate the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations;", "4. Notes with concern the continued participation of South Africa in mercenary-related activities as highlighted in the report of the Special Rapporteur;", "5. Denounces any State that persists in the recruitment, or permits or tolerates the recruitment, of mercenaries and provides facilities to them for launching armed aggression against other States;", "6. Urges all States to take the necessary steps and to exercise the utmost vigilance against the menace posed by the activities of mercenaries and to ensure, by both administrative and legislative measures, that their territory and other territories under their control, as well as their nationals, are not used for the recruitment, assembly, financing, training and transit of mercenaries or for the planning of activities designed to destabilize or overthrow the Government of any State and to fight the national liberation movements struggling against racism, apartheid, colonial domination and foreign intervention or occupation;", "7. Calls upon all States to extend humanitarian assistance to victims of situations resulting from the use of mercenaries, as well as from colonial or alien domination or foreign occupation;", "8. Reaffirms that to use channels of humanitarian and other assistance to finance, train and arm mercenaries is inadmissible;", "9. Calls upon all States that have not yet done so to consider taking early action to sign or to ratify the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries; 2/", "10. Requests the Centre for Human Rights to organize, within the framework of its existing resources, working meetings to analyse the philosophical, political and legal aspects of this issue, in the light of the recommendations contained in the report of the Special Rapporteur;", "11. Requests the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights to report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session on the use of mercenaries, especially in view of the additional elements highlighted in his report. 3/", "-----", "[1] / Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex.", "93-60332 (E) 031193 031193 /...", "[2] / Resolution 44/34, annex.", "[3] / A/48/385." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.12", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH AND FRENCH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (a)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION", "Angola, Cuba, Ghana, Lesotho, Namibia, Nigeria, United Republic of Tanzania", "Viet Nam, Zambia, Uganda and Zimbabwe: draft resolution", "resolution", "Use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights", "and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to", "self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolution 47/84 of 16 December 1992 on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination,", "Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations concerning the strict observance of the principles of sovereign equality, political independence, territorial integrity of States and self-determination of peoples,", "Emphasizing strict respect for the principle of the non-use of force or threat of use in international relations, as set out in the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,[1]", "Reaffirming the legitimacy of the struggle of peoples and their liberation movements for independence, territorial integrity, national unity and freedom from colonial domination and apartheid, as well as foreign intervention and occupation, and reaffirming further that their legitimate struggle cannot in any way be regarded as mercenary activity or be assimilated thereto,", "Convinced that the use of mercenaries constitutes a threat to international peace and security,", "Deeply concerned about the threat posed by the activities of mercenaries to all States, in particular African and other developing States,", "Deeply alarmed at the persistence of international criminal activities by mercenaries with the complicity of drug traffickers,", "Alarmed also at the increasing links between mercenary activities and terrorist practices,", "Believing that the activities of mercenaries are contrary to fundamental principles of international law, such as non-interference in the internal affairs of States, territorial integrity and independence, and that they impede the process of self-determination of peoples fighting colonialism, racism and apartheid and all forms of foreign domination,", "Recalling all its relevant resolutions, in which, inter alia, it condemned any State that permitted or tolerated the recruitment, financing, training, assembly, transit and use of mercenaries with a view to overthrowing the Governments of States Members of the United Nations, in particular those of developing countries, or to combating national liberation movements, and recalling also the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and the Organization of African Unity,", "Deeply concerned about the loss of life, significant material damage and the short- and long-term negative impact on the economies of the southern African countries resulting from the attacks by mercenaries,", "Convinced of the need to develop international cooperation among States in the prevention, prosecution and punishment of such offences,", "Welcoming the adoption of the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries, [2]", "1.Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination; [3]", "2.Condemns the continued recruitment, financing, training, assembly, transit and use of mercenaries, as well as all other forms of support for mercenaries, aimed at destabilizing and overthrowing the Governments of African and other developing States, as well as at combating the national liberation movements of peoples struggling for the exercise of their right to self-determination;", "3.Reaffirms that the use, recruitment, financing and training of mercenaries are offences of grave concern to all States and violate the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations;", "4.Notes with concern the continued involvement of South Africa in mercenary-type activities, as pointed out in the report of the Special Rapporteur;", "5.Denounces any State that persists in recruiting mercenaries, or allows or tolerates their recruitment, and provides them with facilities to launch armed attacks against other States;", "6.Urges all States to take the necessary measures and to exercise extreme vigilance with regard to the threat posed by the activities of mercenaries, and to ensure, through administrative and legislative measures, that their territories and other territories under their authority, as well as their nationals, are not used for the recruitment, assembly, financing, training and transit of mercenaries, or for planning activities aimed at destabilizing or overthrowing the Government of any State and at combating national liberation movements that fight against racism, apartheid, colonial domination and foreign intervention or occupation;", "7.Calls upon all States to provide humanitarian assistance to victims of situations resulting from the use of mercenaries, colonial or foreign domination or foreign occupation;", "8.Reaffirms that the use of humanitarian and other channels of assistance to finance, educate and arm mercenaries is inadmissible;", "9.Calls upon all States that have not yet acceded to or ratified the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries2 to consider taking early steps to do so;", "10.Requests the Centre for Human Rights to organize, within existing resources, working meetings to analyse the philosophical, political and legal aspects of this issue in the light of the recommendations contained in the report of the Special Rapporteur;", "11.Requests the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a report on the use of mercenaries, taking into particular account the additional information contained in his report.3", "-----", "[1] Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex.", "[2] Resolution 44/34, annex.", "[3] A/48/385." ]	"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"
"QzOTG0N0TNZ1vgorMDSz8D/zFckfWU0wKhMJBghM3f8="	en	fr	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/SC.2/R.189/Add.6", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on Rail Transport", "(Forty-seventh session, 6-8 December 1993,", "agenda item 11)", "APPLICATION OF SUMMER TIME", "Addendum 6", "Transmitted by the Government of Latvia", "In the railway system the transition to summer (or winter) time is fixed. The transition to summer time usually occurs on the last Sunday in March, the transition to winter time on the last Sunday in September.", "__________", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to Governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24089" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/SC.2/R.189/Add.6", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "Original : ANGLAIS", "COMITE DES TRANSPORTS INTERIEURS", "Groupe de travail principal des", "transports par chemin de fer", "(Quarante-septième session, 6-8 décembre 1993,", "point 11 de l'ordre du jour)", "APPLICATION DE L'HEURE D'ETE", "Additif 6", "Transmis par le Gouvernement de Lettonie", "Dans les chemins de fer, le passage à l'heure d'été (ou d'hiver) se fait à date fixe. Le passage à l'heure d'été a généralement lieu le dernier dimanche de mars et le passage à l'heure d'hiver le dernier dimanche de septembre.", "Les documents du Comité des transports intérieurs et de ses organes subsidiaires font l'objet d'une distribution limitée. Ils ne sont communiqués qu'aux gouvernements, aux institutions spécialisées et aux organisations gouvernementales et non gouvernementales qui participent aux travaux du Comité et de ses organes subsidiaires; ils ne doivent être communiqués ni à des journaux ni à des périodiques.", "GE.93-24090 (F)" ]	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/SC.2/R.189/Add.6", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on Rail Transport", "(Forty-seventh session, 6-8 December 1993,", "agenda item 11)", "APPLICATION OF SUMMER TIME", "Addendum 6", "Transmitted by the Government of Latvia", "In the railway system the transition to summer (or winter) time is fixed. The transition to summer time usually occurs on the last Sunday in March, the transition to winter time on the last Sunday in September.", "__________", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to Governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24089" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/SC.2/R.189/Add.6", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Group on", "transport by rail", "(Forty-seventh session, 6-8 December 1993,", "Agenda item 11)", "APPLICATION OF THE EAST TIME", "Addendum 6", "Transmitted by the Government of Latvia", "In railways, the switch to summer (or winter) time is on a fixed date.The transition to summer time is usually on the last Sunday in March and the transition to winter time on the last Sunday in September.", "Documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies are distributed in limited form.They shall be communicated only to Governments, specialized agencies, governmental and non-governmental organizations participating in the work of the Committee and its subsidiary bodies;they must not be communicated to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24090 (F)" ]	"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"
"oukrtDTDnRSBFBwZxgCsMrhFaRpdZDWeFYyqdal8bjE="	en	fr	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/SC.2/R.185/Add.6", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on Rail Transport", "(Forty-seventh session, 6-8 December 1993,", "agenda item 3)", "STUDY OF THE SITUATION OF THE RAILWAYS IN THE MEMBER COUNTRIES", "Addendum 6", "Transmitted by the Government of Latvia", "As a result of the predicted gradual stabilization of the economic situation in this region in the near future we expect an increase in volume of freight and passenger traffic for a long period of time; (freight turnover was the highest possible in 1988 - 21,7 mil t/km; and in 1992 10,3 mil t/km). The reason for the fall in freight volume has objective preconditions and considerable dynamics in 9 months of 1993 27,14 mil t/km.", "Due to the limited financial possibilities of the government, national investment in the railway sector was 80 mil LVR in 1992. In 1993 it is 29 mil LVR.", "__________", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to Governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24092" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/SC.2/R.185/Add.6", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "Original : ANGLAIS", "COMITE DES TRANSPORTS INTERIEURS", "Groupe de travail principal des transports", "par chemin de fer", "(Quarante-septième session, 6-8 décembre 1993,", "point 3 de l'ordre du jour)", "ETUDE DE LA SITUATION DES CHEMINS DE FER DANS LES PAYS MEMBRES", "Additif 6", "Transmis par le Gouvernement de Lettonie", "Avec la stabilisation progressive de la situation économique prévue pour la région dans un avenir proche, on s'attend à une augmentation à long terme du volume du trafic marchandises et voyageurs (pour les marchandises, le niveau maximum a été atteint en 1988 avec 21,7 millions de tonnes/km; pour 1992, le chiffre a été de 10,3 millions de tonnes/km). La baisse du volume du trafic marchandises découle de conditions objectives, mais ce volume a considérablement augmenté en 1993 avec 27 140 000 tonnes/km pour les neuf premiers mois seulement.", "Les moyens financiers de l'Etat étant limités, les investissements dans les chemins de fer ont été de 80 millions de lati en 1992, et de 29 millions de lati en 1993.", "La distribution des documents établis sous les auspices ou à la demande de l'Organe exécutif de la Convention sur la pollution atmosphérique transfrontière à longue distance est RESTREINTE et réservée aux gouvernements et organisations qui participent aux travaux de l'Organe exécutif. Les documents ne doivent pas être communiqués aux journaux ou revues, à moins que la RESTRICTION n'ait été LEVEE par l'Organe exécutif.", "GE.93-24093 (F)" ]	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/SC.2/R.185/Add.6", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on Rail Transport", "(Forty-seventh session, 6-8 December 1993,", "agenda item 3)", "STUDY OF THE SITUATION OF THE RAILWAYS IN THE MEMBER COUNTRIES", "Addendum 6", "Transmitted by the Government of Latvia", "As a result of the predicted gradual stabilization of the economic situation in this region in the near future we expect an increase in volume of freight and passenger traffic for a long period of time; (freight turnover was the highest possible in 1988 - 21,7 mil t/km; and in 1992 10,3 mil t/km). The reason for the fall in freight volume has objective preconditions and considerable dynamics in 9 months of 1993 27,14 mil t/km.", "Due to the limited financial possibilities of the government, national investment in the railway sector was 80 mil LVR in 1992. In 1993 it is 29 mil LVR.", "__________", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to Governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24092" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/SC.2/R.185/Add.6", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on the Transport", "by rail", "(Forty-seventh session, 6-8 December 1993,", "Agenda item 3)", "STUDY OF THE SITUATION OF RAILWAYS IN MEMBER COUNTRIES", "Addendum 6", "Transmitted by the Government of Latvia", "With the gradual stabilization of the economic situation in the region in the near future, a long-term increase in the volume of freight and passenger traffic is expected (for goods, the maximum level was reached in 1988 with 21.7 million tonnes/km;In 1992, the figure was 10.3 million tonnes/km).The decline in the volume of freight traffic is due to objective conditions, but this volume increased considerably in 1993 with 27,140,000 tonnes/km for the first nine months only.", "Since the State's financial resources were limited, investments in the railways amounted to LV 80 million in 1992 and LV 29 million in 1993.", "The distribution of documents prepared under the auspices or at the request of the Executive Body for the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution is RETREENTED and reserved for Governments and organizations participating in the work of the Executive Body.Documents should not be made available to newspapers or journals unless RESTRICTION has been LEVELED by the Executive Body.", "GE.93-24093 (F)" ]	"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"
"a/CoDOdFrEov0qXSvHOtZVgTIao+xtQCc8Grr4LPTDM="	en	fr	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/SC.2/R.183/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on Rail Transport", "(Forty-seventh session, 6-8 December 1993,", "agenda item 12)", "INFORMATION ON DEVELOPMENTS IN VARIOUS RAILWAY FIELDS", "Addendum 4", "Transmitted by the Government of Latvia", "A programme on protection of environment is worked out for the near and distant future;", "To ensure safety in railway transport, automatic and semi-automatic block systems have been installed in line sections with a great volume of traffic; but the sections with the greatest volume of traffic are provided with central dispatcher control junctions, introduced on the main lines;", "The extensive employment of computer technology is predicted in order to introduce automatic working sections and will improve registration of freight cars, dispatch of freight, and information processing (both in freight and passenger traffic). It will also improve accounting procedures;", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to Governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24095", "Automatic reserved booking is organized for the eastern direction and a programme is being prepared to link the western information and reserved booking systems.", "__________" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/SC.2/R.183/Add.4", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "Original : ANGLAIS", "COMITE DES TRANSPORTS INTERIEURS", "Groupe de travail principal des transports", "par chemin de fer", "(Quarante-septième session, 6-8 décembre 1993,", "point 12 de l'ordre du jour)", "FAITS NOUVEAUX CONCERNANT LES CHEMINS DE FER", "Additif 4", "Transmis par le Gouvernement de Lettonie", "Un programme de protection de l'environnement est élaboré à court et à long terme;", "Pour assurer la sécurité dans les transports ferroviaires, des blocs automatiques et semi-automatiques ont été installés sur les tronçons de", "ligne à fort volume de trafic, mais les tronçons les plus utilisés des grandes lignes ont été équipés de dispositifs centralisés de commande et de régulation.", "Les documents du Comité des transports intérieurs et de ses organes subsidiaires font l'objet d'une distribution limitée. Ils ne sont communiqués qu'aux gouvernements, aux institutions spécialisées et aux organisations gouvernementales et non gouvernementales qui participent aux travaux du Comité et de ses organes subsidiaires; ils ne doivent être communiqués ni à des journaux ni à des périodiques.", "GE.93-24096 (F)", "TRANS/SC.2/R.183/Add.4", "page 2", "Il est prévu de recourir dans une grande mesure à l'informatique pour la mise en service des sections fonctionnant en mode automatique. L'ordinateur permettra aussi d'améliorer l'enregistrement de wagons de marchandises, la régulation du fret et le traitement de l'information (pour le trafic marchandises comme pour le trafic voyageurs). Il permettra également d'améliorer les méthodes comptables.", "-----" ]	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/SC.2/R.183/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on Rail Transport", "(Forty-seventh session, 6-8 December 1993,", "agenda item 12)", "INFORMATION ON DEVELOPMENTS IN VARIOUS RAILWAY FIELDS", "Addendum 4", "Transmitted by the Government of Latvia", "A programme on protection of environment is worked out for the near and distant future;", "To ensure safety in railway transport, automatic and semi-automatic block systems have been installed in line sections with a great volume of traffic; but the sections with the greatest volume of traffic are provided with central dispatcher control junctions, introduced on the main lines;", "The extensive employment of computer technology is predicted in order to introduce automatic working sections and will improve registration of freight cars, dispatch of freight, and information processing (both in freight and passenger traffic). It will also improve accounting procedures;", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to Governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24095", "Automatic reserved booking is organized for the eastern direction and a programme is being prepared to link the western information and reserved booking systems.", "__________" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/SC.2/R.183/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on the Transport", "by rail", "(Forty-seventh session, 6-8 December 1993,", "Agenda item 12)", "DEVELOPMENTS IN RAILWAYS", "Addendum 4", "Transmitted by the Government of Latvia", "A short- and long-term environmental protection programme is being developed;", "To ensure safety in rail transport, automatic and semi-automatic blocks were installed on the sections of the", "The most widely used sections of the main lines have been equipped with centralized control and control devices.", "Documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies are distributed in limited form.They shall be communicated only to Governments, specialized agencies, governmental and non-governmental organizations participating in the work of the Committee and its subsidiary bodies;they must not be communicated to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24096 (F)", "TRANS/SC.2/R.183/Add.4", "page 2", "A large amount of computer technology is planned for the commissioning of automatic sections.The computer will also improve the recording of freight cars, the regulation of freight and the processing of information (for both freight and passenger traffic).It will also improve accounting methods.", "-----" ]	"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"
"JCeiHP6GMVQSy41ahJkE8/k6XDkHwvXEIsayFHBqvoU="	en	fr	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/389", "1 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on Road Transport", "Working Party on the Construction of Vehicles", "REPORT OF THE WORKING PARTY ON ITS ONE-HUNDRED-AND-FIRST SESSION", "(12-15 October 1993)", "CONTENTS", "Paragraphs", "ATTENDANCE 1", "ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA 2 - 3", "COORDINATION AND ORGANIZATION OF WORK 4 - 14", "(a) Report of the Administrative Committee 4 - 13", "(b) Programme of work and priorities 14", "REVISION OF THE 1958 AGREEMENT 15 - 19", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to Governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the Committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24071 (E)", "CONTENTS (continued)", "Paragraphs", "CONSIDERATION OF THE REPORTS OF THE MEETINGS OF EXPERTS 20 - 28", "(a) Meeting of Experts on General Safety Provisions 20", "(b) Meeting of Experts on Noise 21", "(c) Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety 22 - 24", "(d) Meeting of Experts on Pollution and Energy 25", "(e)Highlights of the recent sessions", "(Oral reports by the Chairmen) 26 - 28", "CONSIDERATION OF DRAFT AMENDMENTS TO EXISTING REGULATIONS 29 - 43", "(a) Regulation No. 44 (Child restraint systems) 29 - 31", "(b) Regulation No. 51 - 02 series of amendments", "(Noise of M and N categories of vehicles) 32 - 36", "(c) Regulation No. 59 - Supplement 2 to the Regulation 37 and 38", "(d) Regulation No. 13 (Braking) 39 and 40", "(e) Regulation No. 20 - Supplement 5 to the 02 series", "of amendments (Headlamps H4) 41 - 43", "CONSIDERATION OF NEW DRAFT REGULATIONS 44 - 56", "(a)Uniform provisions concerning the approval of", "vehicles with regard to the protection of the", "occupants in the event of a lateral collision 44 and 45", "(b)Uniform provisions concerning the approval of", "vehicles with regard to the protection of the", "occupants in the event of a frontal collision 46 - 52", "(c)Uniform provisions concerning the approval of", "compression ignition (C.I.) engines to be installed", "in agricultural and forestry tractors with regard", "to the emission of pollutants by the engine 53 - 56", "1958 AGREEMENT 57 - 60", "(a)Status of the annexed Regulations 57 - 59", "(b) Report on the situation of forthcoming", "Regulations and/or amendments 60", "OTHER BUSINESS", "(a)Application of UN/ECE Regulations to electric vehicles 61", "(b) Computerization of documents 62 - 64", "(c) Working Party on the Construction of Vehicles -", "Its Role in the International Perspective 65 - 66", "(d) Power-weight ratio of road vehicles 67", "ADOPTION OF THE REPORT 68", "CONTENTS (continued)", "ANNEXES", "Annex 1:List of informal documents distributed without symbol during the one-hundred-and-first session", "Annex 2:Proposal for a draft revision of the 1958 Agreement (Revision 1), document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.615/Rev.1", "Additional amendments adopted by the Working Party", "Annex 3:Draft Supplement 2 to Regulation No. 59 (Replacement silencing systems)", "Amendments to document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.636 adopted by the Working Party", "Annex 4:Draft Supplement 5 to the 02 series of amendments to Regulation No. 20 (Headlamps H4)", "Amendments to document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632 adopted by the Working Party", "__________", "REPORT", "ATTENDANCE", "1. The Working Party on the Construction of Vehicles held its", "one-hundred-and-first session from 12 to 15 October 1993 under the chairmanship of Mr. B. Gauvin (France). The following countries were represented: Belgium; Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Luxembourg; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Turkey; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; United States of America. Representatives of the European Community (EC) participated. Representatives of Japan took part in the session under paragraph 11 of the Commission's Terms of Reference. The following non-governmental organizations were also represented: International Organization for Standardization (ISO); International Organization of Consumers' Unions (IOCU); International Alliance of Tourism/International Automobile Federation (AIT/FIA); International Motor Vehicle Inspection Committee (CITA); International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA); International Motorcycle Manufacturers Association (IMMA); Liaison Committee for the Manufacture of Automobile Equipment and Spare Parts (CLEPA); Working Party \"Brussels 1952\" (GTB); European Committee of Associations of Manufacturers of Agricultural Machinery (CEMA); Federation of European Manufacturers of Friction Materials (FEMFM).", "ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA", "2. The Working Party adopted the provisional agenda (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/385) with the amendments recommended by the Administrative Committee (SC.1/WP.29/AC.2) (see para. 6 below).", "3. The documents without symbol distributed during the session are listed in Annex 1 to this report.", "COORDINATION AND ORGANIZATION OF WORK", "(a)Report of the Administrative Committee (SC.1/WP.29/AC.2)", "4. The fifty-third session of the Administrative Committee was held on 11 October 1993, under the chairmanship of Mr. B. Gauvin (France) and attended by representatives of the following countries: France; Germany; Italy; Netherlands; Russian Federation; Spain; United Kingdom; United States of America.", "5. The session was opened by the Director of UN/ECE Transport Division, who reviewed the work of the secretariat and informed the Administrative Committee about current limitations in the Publishing and Interpretation Services due to the present serious financial situation of the UN.", "6. The Administrative Committee recommended adding the following items into the provisional agenda for the one-hundred-and-first session of the Working Party:", "4.5. (b)Informal Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety", "(Turin, 20-23 September 1993)", "5.4.Regulation No. 13 (Braking) TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.643", "5.5.Regulation No. 20 (Headlamps H4) TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632", "8.3.Working Party on the Construction", "of Vehicles - Its Role in the", "International Perspective TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.628", "For item 8.3. it was however noted that the French version of the draft publication was not available and it was recommended that an editorial committee should check it so as not to delay publication.", "7. In the consideration of the draft revision of the 1958 Agreement, the Administrative Committee recommended the following action programme:", "(i)Consideration by the Working Party targeted to adoption of the text \"in principle\";", "(ii)The text adopted is to be transmitted for consideration to the Inland Transport Committee at its fifty-sixth session", "(17-21 January 1994);", "(iii)Legal advice on the text to be sought by the secretariat from the UN Legal office and by the Contracting Parties from their legal services;", "(iv)A consolidation of the legal comments/amendments to be prepared by the secretariat for consideration by the Working Party at its one-hundred-and-second session;", "(v)Consideration by the Working Party targeted to final adoption of the text at its one-hundred-and-second session", "(8-11 March 1994);", "(vi)Transmission of the amendments to the 1958 Agreement to the UN Secretary-General by a Contracting Party to the Agreement.", "8. It was foreseen that the above procedure would not only allow legal corrections of the text of the amendments, but also give additional time to the countries who are not Parties to the 1958 Agreement to consider their positions and/or request eventual additional amendments to facilitate their accession to the Agreement.", "9. The Administrative Committee was informed by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety about the proceedings of the informal meeting in Turin, 20-23 September 1993 (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, paras. 60 and 69) and noted that although a general consensus had been reached on the draft Regulation on Frontal Collision (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.638), several questions remained open for consideration by the Working Party in the draft Regulation on Lateral Collision (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.640).", "10. The information by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Pollution and Energy about the completion of the draft Regulation on Agricultural Tractors was noted with satisfaction. The Administrative Committee recommended to the Working Party, however, that this draft Regulation should be adopted in principle only since the French and Russian versions of the document (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.637) had not yet been published.", "11. The Administrative Committee considered the proposal by France regarding the application of UN/ECE Regulations to electric vehicles (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 20) and recommended that the project be commented upon by all of the Meetings of Experts and they submit their results or comments in a timely fashion, so that they may be considered at the", "one-hundred-and-second session of the Working Party.", "12. The Administrative Committee examined also the programme of work of the Working Party and its Meetings of Experts and recommended its adoption, with amendments (see para. 14 below).", "13. The Working Party noted the report on the fifty-third session of the Administrative Committee and accepted its recommendations (paras. 4-12 above).", "(b)Programme of work and priorities", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.639", "14. Following the recommendation by the Administrative Committee, the Working Party considered and adopted the document containing its programme of work with the following amendments/corrigenda:", "Item 4.1., add the following:", "\"Regulation No. 55 (Mechanical couplings) ... priority C\"", "Item 5.1., for \"Regulations Nos. 22 and 25\" correct (3 times) \"GRRF/\" to read \"GRSP/\".", "REVISION OF THE 1958 AGREEMENT", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.615/Rev.1; Informal Documents Nos. 4, 6 and 10 of Annex 1 to this report", "15. Taking note of the recommendations by the Administrative Committee and recalling its consideration of the matter at the one-hundredth session (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, paras. 23-28), the Working Party adopted the document", "in principle with the additional amendments prepared on the basis of Informal Documents Nos. 4, 6 and 10 and reproduced in Annex 2 to this report. In addition, the proposal was included by the representative of Hungary, to refer in the new title of the Agreement also to its original wording (see Annex 2 to this report.)", "16. The Working Party noted with satisfaction the confirmation by the representative of the European Community that, with the amendments to Articles 5 and 7 of the revised Agreement (see Annex 2 to this report), the text would be fully acceptable and considered open to accession by the EC as a regional economic integration organization and that not more than juridical/legal editorial corrections might be expected.", "17. The representatives of the United States informed the Working Party that negotiating authority to formulate the position of their Government concerning the revised 1958 Agreement shall jointly be granted to the NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) and to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). In addition to the NHTSA and the EPA, the views of the Departments of Energy, Commerce, State, Transportation, and the United States Trade representative are to be coordinated in arriving at the United States position. Though there were some delays in this complex process, the negotiating authority is expected to be received within a month's time, making it possible to prepare the official position of the United States Government for consideration by the Working Party at its next session. Within the same timeframe, an information notice on the consideration by the United States of the revision of the 1958 Agreement shall also be issued in the Federal Register to permit the expression of views of other interested parties.", "18. It was indicated by the representatives of the United States that there was a full understanding of Europe's need to continue the approval system within the revised Agreement and, consequently, there was no intent to recommend changes to it.", "19. The Working Party agreed to conclude the project at its next session, when legal editorial amendments shall also be incorporated. It was agreed that, in case of unforeseen delays in receiving the position statements by the countries who are not Parties to the 1958 Agreement, the draft revision shall be adopted as a first stage of the project only.", "CONSIDERATION OF THE REPORTS OF THE MEETINGS OF EXPERTS", "(a)Meeting of Experts on General Safety Provisions", "(Sixty-fourth session, 5-8 April 1993)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRSG/43", "20. Recalling the oral presentation of the results of the sixty-fourth session by the Chairman (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 33), the Working Party approved the report.", "(b)Meeting of Experts on Noise", "(Twentieth session, 17-19 May 1993)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRB/18", "21. Recalling the oral presentation of the results of the twentieth session by the Chairman (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 34 and 35), the Working Party approved the report.", "(c)Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety", "(Thirteenth session, 1-4 June 1993)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRSP/13", "22. The Chairman of the Meeting of Experts recalled his oral presentation of the session proceedings during the one-hundredth session of the Working Party (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 36), restating, however, the main results which had been achieved, in particular with respect to the new Draft Regulations on Frontal Collision and Lateral Collision appearing in the agenda of the current session of the Working Party. He also gave more detailed information on the status of the consideration of major amendment packages to Regulations Nos. 22 and 44.", "23. The Working Party approved the report of the thirteenth session of the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety and evaluated the progress which had been reached in the various items of the programme of work.", "24. Special importance was given to the expeditious finalization of the work on amendments to Regulations Nos. 22 and 44 and the Working Party authorized the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts to advance by convening informal meetings on both items in the case of inability to conclude their deliberations at the fourteenth session of the Meeting of Experts (29 November-2 December 1993). It was stressed by the Working Party that the packages of amendments to both Regulations are expected to be transmitted to the Working Party for consideration at its one-hundred-and-second session in March 1994.", "(d)Meeting of Experts on Pollution and Energy", "(Twenty-sixth session, 6-8 July 1993)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRPE/26", "25. The Working Party noted the information given by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on the items which had been considered at the twenty-sixth session and approved the report. Particular attention was paid to the Draft Regulation on the Emissions of Agricultural Tractors which had been finalized and transmitted to the current session of the Working Party.", "(e)Highlights of the recent sessions (Oral reports by the Chairmen)", "(i)Meeting of Experts on Brakes and Running Gear", "(Thirty-third session, 30 August-3 September 1993)", "26. The Chairman of the Meeting of Experts gave a presentation of the session proceedings, indicating the items where work shall continue (electronic control of braking systems, development of Regulations Nos. 13, 13-H and 90, new Draft Regulation on Close-Coupled Trailers) and the items where the technical work had been concluded (08 series of amendments to Regulation No. 13, amendments to Regulations Nos. 30, 54, 75 and 78). He requested the guidance of the Working Party in resolving the question of stability testing of heavy vehicles equipped with auxiliary steering equipment pursuant to Regulation No. 79.", "27. Information was also given on the consideration of the questions of handling and stability of light off-road and heavy commercial vehicles. Although for the light vehicles the continuing interest of the different parties had again indicated that the preparation of a Regulation might be feasible, the matter had proved to be more complex for the heavy vehicles and buses and, in respect of the latter, the Meeting of Experts had decided to follow the progress in ISO, where a testing method suitable for the development of such vehicles is currently under study. The Working Party agreed to this approach and instructed the Meeting of Experts to keep the matter of handling and stability of vehicles on its programme of work with priority \"C\".", "(ii)Informal Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety", "(Turin, 20-23 September 1993)", "Documentation: Informal Document No. 3 of Annex 1 to this report", "28. The report was given by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety, who confirmed the information given to the Administrative Committee (see para. 9 above) and described in detail the technical problems remaining to be resolved in respect of the Draft Regulation on Lateral Collision. He informed the Working Party that the pending questions shall be addressed by the Meeting of Experts at its fourteenth session (29 November-2 December 1993). He also indicated that at the same session a proposal by Germany to consider modified anti-slide devices (MASD) for the frontal collision barrier could be examined.", "CONSIDERATION OF DRAFT AMENDMENTS TO EXISTING REGULATIONS", "(a)Regulation No. 44 (Child restraint systems)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.641", "29. The Working Party was informed by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts that the amendments contained in the above-mentioned document and initially proposed to be supplemented to the 02 series of amendments should be included", "in the 03 series of amendments and should therefore be completed by a proposal for transitional provisions.", "30. In view of the modification of the status of the document, the Working Party agreed to postpone consideration of it until the next session, for which a package of amendments to Regulation No. 44 shall be prepared (see para. 24 above).", "31. The expert from IOCU expressed his regret with the delay and urged the Working Party to ensure that no further deferments occur.", "(b)Regulation No. 51 - 02 series of amendments", "(Noise of M and N categories of vehicles)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.635; Informal Document No. 8 of Annex 1 to this report", "32. The Working Party considered the proposal for the draft 02 series of amendments to Regulation No. 51, noting the statement by the representative of the EC that it represents full harmonization with Directive 70/157/EEC, as amended by Directive 92/97/EEC, including the proposed transitional provisions (Informal Document No. 8). It was also noted that the Directive will become mandatory for the EC Member States for the new type approvals as of 1 October 1995 and for the newly registered vehicles as of 1 October 1996.", "33. The representatives of Romania and the Russian Federation expressed their support for the proposal which will lead to significant noise reductions, they however requested more time to consult the proposed transitional provisions with their Administrations.", "34. In view of the position of the representatives of the two countries, Contracting Parties to Regulation No. 51, the Working Party adopted the proposed draft 02 series of amendments in principle only in respect of the technical contents, deferring formal consideration of the matter to the", "one-hundred-and-second session in March 1994. The secretariat was authorized, however, to proceed with the processing of amendments if the official consent of Romania and the Russian Federation to the proposed transitional provisions were received before the next session of the Working Party. The representative of Germany indicated that, in the case of adoption of the document by the Working Party at its next session, he would propose to his Government the transmission of the document to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "35. The expert from OICA raised the question of the test track specification, set out in Annex 8 to document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.635, underlining the constraints in industry and some Technical Services if this specification were imposed in its entirety. OICA therefore recommended that that part of the specification relating to the construction of the test surface should be included only as an example in order to meet the performance requirements. Since it was understood that further study in this question was taking place in the Commission of the European Communities, he suggested that", "consideration of this issue be resumed at the next session of the Working", "Party in the light of any conclusions reached within the EC.", "36. The need for an editorial correction in the document (English version only) was made known to the secretariat:", "Paragraph 6.2.2.2.3., correct the value \"61 km\" to read \"61 km/h\".", "(c)Regulation No. 59 - Supplement 2 to the Regulation", "(Replacement silencing systems)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.636", "37. The Working Party considered and adopted the document harmonizing the Conformity of Production Procedures in Regulation No. 59 with those in the Directive (70/157/EEC as amended by 92/97/EEC) of the European Community with the editorial amendments given in Annex 3 to this report.", "38. The representative of the United Kingdom indicated that he would propose to his Government to transmit the draft Supplement 2 to Regulation No. 59 to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "(d)Regulation No. 13 (Braking)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.643", "39. The Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Brakes and Running Gear informed the Working Party that the transitional provisions relevant to the 08 series of amendments to the Regulation cannot yet be proposed due to the need for the EC Directive to be harmonized with it. For this reason, the Working Party agreed to defer consideration of the matter to the one-hundred-and-second session.", "40. The Working Party however confirmed the decision of the Meeting of Experts that the publication of Revision 3 of Regulation No. 13 shall await the incorporation of the 08 series of amendments (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRRF/32, para. 18).", "(e) Regulation No. 20 (Headlamps H4)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632; Informal Document No. 9 of Annex 1 to this report", "41. The expert from Italy informed the Working Party that a proposal contained in Informal Document No. 9 and prepared in cooperation with the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Lighting and Light-Signalling would enable his Government to lift the reservation made by Italy at the one-hundredth session of the Working Party (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, paras. 37 and 38).", "42. Upon considering the compromising proposal, the Working Party adopted document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632, as amended by Informal Document No. 9 (the text of which is reproduced in Annex 4 to this report).", "43. The representative of the Netherlands indicated that he would propose to his Government to transmit the draft Supplement 5 to the 02 series of amendments to Regulation No. 20 to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "CONSIDERATION OF NEW DRAFT REGULATIONS", "(a)Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the protection of the occupants in the event of a lateral collision", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.640; Informal Document No. 11 of Annex 1 to this report", "44. The Working Party noted that several technical questions related to this Draft Regulation had not yet been resolved despite the effort by the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety at its official sessions and informal meetings. Anticipating that progress will be made at the fourteenth session of the Meeting of Experts, the Working Party deferred consideration of the Draft Regulation to its next session.", "45. The representative of Japan drew the attention of the Working Party to Informal Document No. 11, requesting that the implementation date (1 October 1995) of the new Draft Regulation be postponed, to allow for the necessary vehicle re-design and testing, which had been delayed by late deliveries of EUROSID-1 dummies.", "(b)Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the protection of the occupants in the event of a frontal collision", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.638; Informal Documents Nos. 11, 13 and 14 of Annex 1 to this report", "46. The Working Party considered and adopted the Draft Regulation. The representatives of Germany and France indicated that they would propose to their Governments to transmit the Draft Regulation to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "47. In view of the move by the Working Party, the representative of the European Community welcomed the adoption of the new Regulation (Informal Document No. 14), recalled that EC Member States are in favour of a two-stage approach on this matter and indicated that the first stage, which would be represented by the present Regulation, was intended to become mandatory in the EC on 1 October 1995 for new vehicle types. He invited the other signatories of this Regulation not to adopt an earlier date for mandatory implementation.", "In regard to the second stage which should become applicable to new vehicle types on 1 October 1998, it should be based on the test using an offset deformable barrier and the biomechanical protection criteria currently developed by the European Experimental Vehicle Committee (EEVC). The EC invited the Working Party to continue its work on this matter and to adopt an appropriate amendment to the present Regulation in due time, in order to meet the afore-mentioned date.", "48. The Working Party noted the position of the EC and taking into account the date of application of 1 October 1995 proposed by its Member States for the first stage, and the definition of vehicle type in paragraph 2.6. of the Draft Regulation, recommended to Contracting Parties considering application of the Regulation after its entry into force that these requirements (Informal Document No. 13):", "(a)Should not become mandatory for type approvals before 1 October 1995;", "(b)Should be applied to new vehicle types as determined by substantial elements of the vehicle structure which affect compliance with the Regulation;", "(c)Should not be applied to vehicle types approved for Regulation No. 12 before 1 October 1995 and variants covered by subsequent extensions to these approvals.", "49. The expert from OICA indicated that some minor editorial errors had been found in the text of the Draft Regulation and that they would be communicated to the secretariat for correction in the final document.", "50. The representative of the United States restated the opinion given during consideration of this matter by the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety, that the procedure FMVSS-208 (0 degree test from 30 mph) leads to vehicle design complying also with the test specified in the newly adopted Regulation, and should therefore be eligible as an alternative. He further noted, that this procedure was already currently in use or soon to be implemented in Australia, Canada, Japan and the United States. A similar statement was made by the representative of Japan, where a modified procedure \"J208\" was applied (Informal Document No. 11).", "51. The expert from IOCU urged the Working Party and the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety to continue its work towards the second stage of the project of the Draft Regulation on Frontal Collision and expressed the desire of consumers for safety improvements.", "52. In its consideration of the above-mentioned interventions, the Working Party accepted the justification by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety and evaluated positively the introduction of biomechanical criteria as a measure of safety in collisions. It was noted, that the test method specified in the Draft Regulation was deemed to represent the real accident situations in European conditions, and that the tests carried out by this method implied the need to redesign some vehicle types which failed this test during development.", "(c)Uniform provisions concerning the approval of compression ignition (C.I.) engines to be installed in agricultural and forestry tractors with regard to emission of pollutants by the engine", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.637; Informal Document No. 7 of Annex 1 to this report", "53. The Working Party considered the Draft Regulation (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.637) and decided to adopt it in principle on the basis of the existing English version of the document.", "54. Considering the request by CEMA for derogation of the particulates emission limit for category of engines with net power 37 < P (kW) < 75 (para. 5.2.1. of the Draft Regulation), the Working Party agreed that no satisfactory justification had been received and decided not to grant this derogation.", "55. The Working Party considered also the proposal by the expert from CEMA (Informal Document No. 7) to introduce into the text of the Draft Regulation a provision ensuring that the effective dates for limits specified in paragraph 5.2.1. of the Draft Regulation shall be staggered for the three power categories with no less than one year spacing each, based on the date of engine construction, and starting from the highest power category. The Working Party pointed out, however, that within the 1958 Agreement system the dates indicated are related to type approval dates only, and the dates and conditions of application of a new Regulation will be subject to national decisions by the Contracting Parties to the Regulation. In this respect it was noted that for the Member States of the EC it had been foreseen that the Draft Regulation shall apply as follows:", "Power category (kW) New type approvals All new tractors", "P > 130 1 October 1996 1 October 1997", "75 < P > 130 1 October 1996 1 October 1997", "37 < P < 75 1 October 1997 1 October 1998", "The Working Party recommended that the same dates should be observed by other Contracting Parties.", "56. The Working Party noted with great interest that the Draft Regulation had been prepared in harmony with proposals under consideration in the United States, where its provisions are to be applied also for the \"non-road mobile machinery,\" and that such extended scope shall also be specified in the Directive which is being prepared in the Commission of the EC and shall also be harmonized with the Draft Regulation.", "1958 AGREEMENT", "(a)Status of the annexed Regulations", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/343/Rev.1/Amend.1; Informal Document No. 1 of Annex 1 to this report", "57. The Working Party noted the information reflected in document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/343/Rev.1/Amend.1 with amendments updating the information to 8 October 1993 (Informal Document No. 1).", "58. The following additional information to the document was given by the secretariat:", "Item 4 (page 4 of the document):", "For Regulation No. 1 (Supplement 4 to the 01 series of amendments), amend the date of application to read \"[14 February 1994]\".", "For Regulation No. 16 (Corrigendum 2 to Revision 3), a clarification is being sought with the Legal Office in New York. The indicated date of application (16 October 1992) conforms to the \"General decision of the Working Party on Immediate Application of Corrigenda\" (TRANS/SC1/WP29/365, para. 87), but it had not been mentioned in Depository Notification C.N. 215.1993.TREATIES-10 of 29 August 1993.", "For Regulation No. 67 (Supplement 1 to the original version), amend the date of application to read \"[9 February 1994]\".", "The attention of the Working Party was also drawn to the new Regulation No. 92, \"Replacement silencing systems for motor cycles\", entering into force for Italy and Spain on 1 November 1993 (item 2 of the document). The secretariat also informed the Working Party that the Depository Notifications for the succession to the Agreement by the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic are still being awaited.", "59. The advance information received from the Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Gosstandart) was noted that the Test Centre for Automobile Units and Components had been accredited as a Technical Service for UN/ECE Regulations Nos. 13, 24, 26, 49, 51, 55, 59, 61, 83, 84, 85 and 90.", "(b)Report on the situation of forthcoming Regulations and/or amendments", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.642", "60. The document was noted. The Working Party was also informed by the secretariat that the communication by the Netherlands of a new Draft Regulation on Front Underrun Protection had been received in Geneva on 29 September 1993 and transmitted to the UN Secretary-General on 5 October 1993, together with the communication by the United Kingdom (received on 2 July 1993). Preliminary information was also given that", "Supplement 5 to the 04 series of amendments to Regulation No. 8 shall enter into force on [9 February 1994].", "OTHER BUSINESS", "(a)Application of UN/ECE Regulations to Electric Vehicles", "Documentation: Informal Document No. 5 of Annex 1 to this report", "61. The Working Party examined the proposal made by France, recalling also the former proposal by the United Kingdom and contributions by Italy and ISO (TRANS/SC1/WP29/R.178 and Add.1 and Add.2). It was agreed that the matter shall be considered by all the Meetings of Experts and that their comments shall be examined at the one-hundred-and-second session of the Working Party to ensure that, in the first stage, vehicles of categories M1 and N1 with electric power units will be included in the scope of relevant UN/ECE Regulations.", "(b)Computerization of documents", "Documentation: Informal Document No. 2 of Annex 1 to this report", "62. The Working Party was informed by the secretariat on the progress in this project since the one-hundredth session (Informal Document No. 2). Information was also given on the system of document storage on optical disks, being used by the UN Publishing Service for archiving, retrieval and electronic distribution of documents.", "63. The representative of the Netherlands confirmed to the Working Party that an electronic mail through ITU/DOC system had been successfully tested. He said, however, that, in his opinion, the modification of the system which had been made by ITU (International Telecommunication Union) after the first successful test appeared to be less user-friendly than the original version.", "64. The representative of the United Kingdom indicated his readiness to continue testing, requesting the secretariat that the system be made operational as soon as possible, with less emphasis on format requirements and more to the effectiveness of work.", "(c)Working Party on the Construction of Vehicles - Its Role in the International Perspective", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.628; Informal Document No. 12 of Annex 1 to this report", "65. The Working Party was informed by the secretariat that a French version of the draft publication had not yet been published and agreed with the proposal of the Administrative Committee (see para. 6) that an editorial committee would check the text before publication, not requiring further consideration of the document which had already in principle been approved by the Working Party at its one-hundredth session (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 29).", "66. The Working Party agreed also to introduce into the document (Part 3, Section 1) an additional text prepared by its Honorary Chairman, Mr. G. Pocci (Informal Document No. 12). Some editorial corrections of this informal document were noted, including the deletion of the fifth subparagraph. The secretariat was requested to introduce the approved text into the draft publication.", "(d)Power-weight ratio of road vehicles", "67. The representative of Finland recalled the consideration of the matter by the Working Party at its ninety-seventh session (TRANS/SC1/WP29/353, paras. 68-70) and the position of the Inland Transport Committee on this item at its fifty-fifth session (ECE/TRANS/97, para. 65). He indicated that the ECMT (European Conference of Ministers of Transport) continued to study the issue with respect to its environmental, energy and safety consequences and intended to transmit its results for consideration by the Working Party at its next session.", "ADOPTION OF THE REPORT", "68. The Working Party adopted the report together with the annexes at its one-hundred-and-first session.", "__________", "Annex 1", "LIST OF INFORMAL DOCUMENTS DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT SYMBOL", "DURING THE ONE-HUNDRED-AND-FIRST SESSION", "No. Transmitted Agenda Language Title", "by item", "1. Secretariat 7.1 EStatus of the Agreement, of the annexed Regulations and of amendments thereto", "2. Secretariat 8.2 EComputerization of Documents, Electronic Data Interchange", "3. GRSP 4.5 (b) EReport of the informal meeting", "Chairman of experts on passive safety", "(Turin, 20-23 September 1993)", "4. United 3 E Proposal for a Draft Revision of", "Kingdom the 1958 Agreement (Revision 1),", "amendment to Article 7", "5. France 8.1 E/FFrench Proposal Relating to the Technical Regulation Applicable to the Electric Motor Vehicles", "6. Hungary 6 ERevision of the 1958 Agreement,", "Proposals for draft amendments", "7. CEMA E/FCEMA Statement for WP29 Meeting on 12 October 1993 at Geneva", "8. Germany 5.2 EProposal for Draft Amendments to Regulation No. 51 (Noise of M and N categories of vehicles)", "9. Netherlands 5.5 E/FProposed Amendments to the Draft Supplement 5 to the 02 Series of Amendments to Regulation No. 20", "10. Finland, 3 EProposal for a Draft Revision of", "Germany, the 1958 Agreement (Revision 1),", "Italy,additional draft amendments", "CLEPA", "11. Japan 6.1, 6.2 EJapan's Position on the Protection of Vehicle Occupants in the Event of a Frontal Collision and a Lateral Collision", "No. Transmitted Agenda Language Title", "by item", "12. Italy 8.3 FLe Groupe de travail de la construction des véhicules - son role dans la perspective internationale (A inclure dans la partie 3, section 1, du document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.628)", "13. OICA 6.2 EDraft Regulation on Frontal Impact", "14. EC 6.2 EDeclaration of the EC Relating to Frontal Impact", "_________", "Annex 2", "PROPOSAL FOR A DRAFT REVISION OF THE 1958 AGREEMENT", "(Revision 1), document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.615/Rev.1", "ADDITIONAL AMENDMENTS ADOPTED BY THE WORKING PARTY", "Title of the Agreement (new), add at the end a reference to footnote \"/\" and insert a new footnote \"/\" to read:", "\"/Former title of the Agreement: Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at Geneva on 20 March 1958\"", "Article 1, paragraph 1, the last subparagraph, amend to read:", "\"....", "The term \"type approval\" shall include type approval of a vehicle, equipment or parts, with respect to its performance in relation to specific technical requirements.\"", "Article 5, delete the square brackets enclosing the text reading \"send monthly ... in addition\", leaving the text to read (word \"granted\" being deleted):", "\"... send monthly to the competent authorities of the other Contracting Parties a list of the wheeled vehicle, equipment or part approvals which it has refused to grant or withdrawn during that month; in addition, on receiving ....\"", "and in addition, delete the text placed in square brackets reading \"[it shall]\". /", "Article 7, amend to read:", "\"Article 7", "1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, this revised Agreement shall be deemed to enter into force nine months after the date of its transmission by the Secretary-General to all the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement.", "____________", "*/This amendment supersedes the one given in TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 23 and related to Article 5.", "2. This revised Agreement shall be deemed not to enter into force if any objection from the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement is expressed within a period of six months following the date of its transmission to them by the Secretary-General.", "3. For any new Contracting Party acceding to this revised Agreement, this revised Agreement shall enter into force on the sixtieth day after the said country has deposited its instrument of accession.\"", "Article 8, add a new paragraph 3, to read:", "\"[3. As concerns the approvals granted by a Contracting Party which denounces this Agreement, Article 1, paragraph 6 shall apply.]\"", "Article 12, paragraph 1, amend to read:", "\"... the Regulations they will apply. Contracting Parties applying only the most recent amendments shall not be obliged to accept approvals to unamended Regulations. An amendment to the Regulation, after ....\"", "Article 12, paragraph 2, amend the words \"20 per cent\" to read \"one-fifth\".", "Title of Appendix 2, correct to read (French only):", "PROCEDURES DE CONTROLE DE LA CONFORMITE DE PRODUCTION\"", "__________", "Annex 3", "DRAFT SUPPLEMENT 2 TO REGULATION NO. 59", "(Replacement silencing systems)", "AMENDMENTS TO DOCUMENT TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.636", "ADOPTED BY THE WORKING PARTY", "Paragraph 9.2., amend the words \"suitable controls\" to read \"adequate monitoring\".", "Paragraph 9.3.4., amend to read:", "\"9.3.4.analyse the results of each type of product in order to verify and ensure the stability of the product characteristics, making allowance for variation in the industrial production;\"", "Paragraph 9.4.4., amend the word \"paragraph\" to read \"Regulation\".", "Annex 5, paragraph 3, amend the word \"vehicle\" to read \"sample\".", "__________", "Annex 4", "DRAFT SUPPLEMENT 5 TO THE 02 SERIES OF AMENDMENTS", "TO REGULATION NO. 20 (Headlamps H4)", "AMENDMENTS TO DOCUMENT TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632", "ADOPTED BY THE WORKING PARTY", "Paragraph 12.4.3., amend to read:", "\"... approval tests, using the criteria of Annex 7.\"", "Paragraph 12.4.4.,", "Delete the second sentence reading: \"Where the ... be applied.\" and", "add at the end of the last sentence \"and in accordance with the criteria of Annex 7.\"", "Annex 7,", "Amend the title to read:", "\"MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SAMPLING BY AN INSPECTOR\"", "_________" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/389", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "Original : ANGLAIS", "COMITE DES TRANSPORTS INTERIEURS", "Groupe de travail principal des", "transports routiers", "Groupe de travail de la construction", "des véhicules", "RAPPORT DU GROUPE DE TRAVAIL SUR SA CENT UNIEME SESSION", "(12-15 octobre 1993)", "TABLE DES MATIERES", "Paragraphes", "PARTICIPATION 1", "ADOPTION DE L'ORDRE DU JOUR 2 - 3", "COORDINATION ET ORGANISATION DES TRAVAUX 4 - 14", "a) Rapport du Comité de gestion 4 - 13", "b) Programme de travail et priorités 14", "Les documents du Comité des transports intérieurs et de ses organes subsidiaires font l'objet d'une distribution limitée. Ils ne sont communiqués qu'aux gouvernements, aux institutions spécialisées et aux organisations gouvernementales et non gouvernementales qui participent aux travaux du Comité et de ses organes subsidiaires; ils ne doivent être communiqués ni à des journaux ni à des périodiques.", "GE.93-24072 (F)", "TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/389", "page 2", "TABLE DES MATIERES (suite)", "Paragraphes", "REVISION DE L'ACCORD DE 1958 15 - 19", "EXAMEN DES RAPPORTS DES REUNIONS D'EXPERTS 20 - 28", "a) Réunion d'experts des dispositions générales", "de sécurité 20", "b) Réunion d'experts du bruit 21", "c) Réunion d'experts de la sécurité passive 22 - 24", "d) Réunion d'experts de la pollution et de l'énergie 25", "e) Principaux faits marquants des dernières sessions", "(rapports oraux des présidents) 26 - 28", "EXAMEN DE PROJETS D'AMENDEMENT A DES REGLEMENTS EXISTANTS 29 - 43", "a) Règlement No 44 (Dispositifs de retenue pour enfants) 29 - 31", "b) Règlement No 51, série 02 d'amendements", "(Bruit des véhicules des catégories M et N) 32 - 36", "c) Règlement No 59, complément 2 (Dispositifs", "silencieux d'échappement de remplacement) 37 - 38", "d) Règlement No 13 (Freinage) 39 - 40", "e) Règlement No 20, complément 5 à la série 02", "d'amendements (Projecteurs H4) 41 - 43", "EXAMEN DE NOUVEAUX PROJETS DE REGLEMENT 44 - 56", "a) Prescriptions uniformes relatives à l'homologation", "de véhicules en ce qui concerne la protection des", "occupants en cas de choc latéral 44 - 45", "b) Prescriptions uniformes relatives à l'homologation", "de véhicules en ce qui concerne la protection des", "occupants en cas de choc frontal 46 - 52", "c) Prescriptions uniformes relatives à l'homologation", "des moteurs à allumage par compression destinés", "aux tracteurs agricoles et forestiers en ce qui", "concerne les émissions de polluants par le moteur 53 - 56", "ACCORD DE 1958 57 - 60", "a) Etat des Règlements annexés à l'Accord 57 - 59", "b) Rapport sur l'état des Règlements et/ou des", "amendements à venir 60", "TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/389", "page 3", "TABLE DES MATIERES (suite)", "Paragraphes", "QUESTIONS DIVERSES", "a) Application des Règlements CEE/ONU aux véhicules", "électriques 61", "b) Informatisation des documents 62 - 64", "c) Groupe de travail de la construction des véhicules", "- Son rôle sur le plan international 65 - 66", "d) Rapport puissance/poids des véhicules routiers 67", "ADOPTION DU RAPPORT 68", "* * ", "ANNEXES", "Annexe 1 :Liste des documents distribués sans cote pendant la cent unième session", "Annexe 2 :Proposition de projet de révision de l'Accord de 1958 (Révision 1), document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.615/Rev.1", "Amendements supplémentaires adoptés par le Groupe de travail", "Annexe 3 :Projet de complément 2 au Règlement No 59 (Dispositifs silencieux d'échappement de remplacement)", "Modifications du document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.636 adoptées par le Groupe de travail", "Annexe 4 :Projet de complément 5 à la série 02 d'amendements du Règlement No 20 (Projecteurs H4)", "Modifications du document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632 adoptées par le Groupe de travail", "TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/389", "page 4", "RAPPORT", "PARTICIPATION", "1. Le Groupe de travail de la construction des véhicules a tenu sa cent unième session du 12 au 15 octobre 1993 sous la présidence de M. B. Gauvin (France). Etaient représentés les pays suivants : Allemagne, Belgique, Danemark, Espagne, Etats‑Unis d'Amérique, Fédération de Russie, Finlande, France, Hongrie, Italie, Luxembourg, Norvège, Pays‑Bas, Pologne, République slovaque, République tchèque, Roumanie, Royaume‑Uni de Grande‑Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Slovénie, Suède et Turquie. Des représentants de la Communauté européenne (CE) ont participé à la session. Des représentants du Japon y ont aussi participé au titre du paragraphe 11 du mandat de la Commission. Les organisations non gouvernementales suivantes étaient aussi représentées : Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO), Organisation internationale des unions de consommateurs (OIUC), Alliance internationale de tourisme/Fédération internationale de l'automobile (AIT/FIA), Comité international de l'inspection technique automobile (CITA), Organisation internationale des constructeurs d'automobiles (OICA), Association internationale des constructeurs de motocycles (AICM), Comité de liaison de la construction d'équipements et de pièces d'automobiles (CLEPA), Groupe de travail \"Bruxelles 1952\" (GTB), Comité européen des groupements de constructeurs du machinisme agricole (CEMA) et Fédération des fabricants européens de matériaux de friction (FEMFM).", "ADOPTION DE L'ORDRE DU JOUR", "2. Le Groupe de travail a adopté l'ordre du jour provisoire (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/385) avec les amendements recommandés par le Comité de gestion (SC.1/WP.29/AC.2) (voir le paragraphe 6 ci-après).", "3. Les documents sans cote distribués durant la session sont énumérés à l'annexe 1 du présent rapport.", "COORDINATION ET ORGANISATION DES TRAVAUX", "a)Rapport du Comité de gestion (SC.1/WP.29/AC.2)", "4. Le Comité de gestion a tenu sa cinquante-troisième session le 11 octobre 1993 sous la présidence de M. B. Gauvin (France), avec la participation des représentants des pays suivants : Allemagne, Espagne, Etats‑Unis d'Amérique, Fédération de Russie, France, Italie, Pays‑Bas et Royaume‑Uni.", "5. La session a été ouverte par le Directeur de la Division des transports de la CEE/ONU, qui a passé en revue les travaux du secrétariat et informé le Comité de gestion des restrictions imposées aux services de publication et d'interprétation en raison de la crise financière que connaissait l'ONU.", "6. Le Comité de gestion a recommandé d'ajouter les points ci-après à l'ordre du jour provisoire de la cent unième session du Groupe de travail :", "4.5 b)Réunion informelle d'experts de la sécurité passive (Turin, 20-23 septembre 1993)", "5.4 Règlement No 13 (Freinage) TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/643", "5.5 Règlement No 20 (Projecteurs H4) TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/632", "8.3 Groupe de travail de la construction des véhicules - Son rôle sur le plan international TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.628", "En ce qui concerne le point 8.3, les participants ont toutefois noté que la version française du projet n'était pas disponible et ils ont recommandé qu'un groupe de rédaction l'examine afin de ne pas en retarder la publication.", "7. Au cours de l'examen du projet de révision de l'Accord de 1958, le Comité de gestion a recommandé le programme d'action ci-après :", "i)Le Groupe de travail devrait examiner le texte en vue de son adoption \"en principe\";", "ii)Une fois adopté, le texte devrait être transmis au Comité des transports intérieurs pour qu'il l'examine à sa cinquante-sixième session (17‑21 janvier 1994);", "iii)Le secrétariat devrait demander au Bureau des affaires juridiques de l'ONU un avis juridique sur le texte, et les Parties contractantes devraient en faire autant auprès de leurs services juridiques;", "iv)Le secrétariat devrait élaborer une synthèse des observations/amendements juridiques que le Groupe de travail examinerait à sa cent deuxième session;", "v)Le Groupe de travail devrait examiner le texte en vue de son adoption définitive à sa cent deuxième session (8‑11 mars 1994);", "vi)Les Parties contractantes à l'Accord de 1958 devraient transmettre leurs amendements au Secrétaire général de l'ONU.", "8. Il était prévu que cette procédure ne permettrait pas seulement d'apporter des rectifications juridiques au texte des amendements, mais donnerait aux pays qui ne sont pas Parties à l'Accord de 1958 plus de temps pour revoir leur position et/ou présenter éventuellement de nouveaux amendements afin de faciliter leur adhésion à l'Accord.", "9. Le Président de la Réunion d'experts de la sécurité passive a informé le Comité de gestion des travaux de la réunion informelle tenue à Turin du 20 au 23 septembre 1993 (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, par. 60 et 69) et noté que si le projet de règlement concernant les chocs frontaux (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.638) avait fait l'objet d'un accord général, plusieurs questions devaient être encore examinées par le Groupe de travail au sujet du projet de règlement sur les chocs latéraux (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.640).", "10. Les participants ont pris note avec satisfaction des renseignements communiqués par le Président de la Réunion d'experts de la pollution et de l'énergie au sujet de la mise au point définitive du projet de règlement concernant les tracteurs agricoles. Le Comité de gestion a recommandé au Groupe de travail de n'adopter ce projet de règlement qu'en principe, car les versions française et russe (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.637) n'en avaient pas encore été publiées.", "11. Le Comité de gestion a examiné la proposition de la France visant à ce que les Règlements CEE/ONU s'appliquent aux véhicules électriques (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, par. 20) et recommandé qu'elle soit soumise pour observations à toutes les Réunions d'experts, qui devront soumettre leurs commentaires suffisamment tôt pour que le Groupe de travail puisse les examiner à sa cent deuxième session.", "12. Le Comité de gestion a aussi examiné le programme de travail du Groupe de travail et de ses Réunions d'experts et a recommandé son adoption, avec des modifications (voir le paragraphe 14 ci-après).", "13. Le Groupe de travail a pris note du rapport du Comité de gestion sur sa cinquante-troisième session et en a adopté les recommandations (par. 4 à 12 ci‑dessus).", "b) Programme de travail et priorités", "Document : TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.639", "14. Suite à la recommandation du Comité de gestion, le Groupe de travail a examiné et adopté le document contenant son programme de travail, en y apportant les modifications ou rectifications ci-après :", "Point 4.1, ajouter ce qui suit :", "\"Règlement No 55 (Pièces mécaniques d'attelage) ... priorité C\"", "Point 5.1, dans \"les Règlements Nos 22 et 25\", remplacer (trois fois) \"GRRF/\" par \"GRSP/\".", "REVISION DE L'ACCORD DE 1958", "Documents :TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.615/Rev.1 et documents sans cote Nos 4, 6 et 10 de l'annexe 1 du présent rapport", "15. Ayant pris note des recommandations du Comité de gestion et", "rappelant qu'il avait examiné cette question à sa centième session", "(TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, par. 23 à 28), le Groupe de travail a adopté en principe le document avec les modifications supplémentaires inspirées des documents sans cote Nos 4, 6 et 10 et reproduites à l'annexe 2 du présent rapport. Il a notamment adopté la proposition du représentant de la Hongrie visant à ce que le nouveau titre de l'Accord contienne un renvoi à son ancien libellé (voir annexe 2 du présent rapport).", "16. Le Groupe de travail s'est félicité que le représentant de la Communauté européenne confirme qu'avec les amendements relatifs aux articles 5 et 7 de l'Accord révisé (voir l'annexe 2 du présent rapport), le texte serait totalement acceptable et considéré comme ouvert à l'adhésion par la Communauté européenne en sa qualité d'organisation d'intégration économique régionale et qu'il ne fallait plus s'attendre qu'à des corrections de forme de caractère juridique.", "17. Les représentants des Etats-Unis ont informé le Groupe de travail que la NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) et l'EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) seraient mandatées conjointement pour définir la position de leur gouvernement sur l'Accord révisé de 1958. Pour ce faire, elles devraient se concerter avec les Ministères de l'énergie, du commerce, des affaires étrangères, des transports ainsi qu'avec le représentant pour le commerce extérieur des Etats-Unis. Ce processus complexe entraînait certains retards mais ce mandat devrait être donné dans un mois au maximum, ce qui permettrait de définir la position officielle du Gouvernement des Etats-Unis afin que le Groupe de travail puisse l'examiner à sa prochaine session. Une note d'information sur l'examen par les Etats-Unis de l'Accord révisé serait également publiée dans le Federal Register (Journal officiel) dans les mêmes délais, afin que les autres parties intéressées puissent aussi faire valoir leur point de vue.", "18. Les représentants des Etats-Unis ont déclaré parfaitement comprendre que l'Europe tienne à maintenir le système d'homologation dans le cadre de l'Accord révisé et n'ont donc pas l'intention de recommander des modifications.", "19. Le Groupe de travail a décidé de terminer ce projet à sa prochaine session, une fois incorporées les modifications de forme d'ordre juridique. Il a été convenu que si les communications des pays qui ne sont pas Parties à l'Accord de 1958 n'arrivaient pas à temps, le projet de révision serait adopté uniquement en tant que première phase du projet.", "EXAMEN DES RAPPORTS DES REUNIONS D'EXPERTS", "a) Réunion d'experts des dispositions générales de sécurité", "(Soixante-quatrième session, 5-8 avril 1993)", "Document : TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRSG/43", "20. Rappelant la présentation orale par le Président des résultats de la soixante-quatrième session (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, par. 33), le Groupe de travail a approuvé ce rapport.", "b) Réunion d'experts du bruit", "(Vingtième session, 17-19 mai 1993)", "Document : TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRB/18", "21. Rappelant la présentation orale par le Président des résultats de la vingtième session (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, par. 34 et 35), le Groupe de travail a approuvé ce rapport.", "c) Réunion d'experts de la sécurité passive", "(Treizième session, 1er-4 juin 1993)", "Document : TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRSP/13", "22. Le Président de la Réunion d'experts a rappelé qu'il avait présenté oralement les débats de la treizième session lors de la centième session du Groupe de travail (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, par. 36), dont il a toutefois énoncé à nouveau les principaux résultats, notamment en ce qui concerne les nouveaux projets de règlement sur les chocs frontaux et les chocs latéraux, qui figurent à l'ordre du jour de la présente session du Groupe de travail. Il a également donné un complément d'information sur l'état de l'examen des principaux ensembles d'amendements relatifs aux Règlements Nos 22 et 44.", "23. Le Groupe de travail a approuvé le rapport de la Réunion d'experts de la sécurité passive sur sa treizième session et évalué les progrès réalisés au sujet des différentes rubriques du programme de travail.", "24. Une importance particulière a été donnée à l'achèvement rapide des travaux relatifs aux amendements concernant les Règlements Nos 22 et 44, et le Groupe de travail a autorisé le Président de la Réunion d'experts à accélérer le processus en organisant des réunions informelles sur ces deux questions au cas où la Réunion d'experts ne serait pas en mesure de terminer ses délibérations lors de sa quatorzième session (29 novembre-2 décembre 1993). Le Groupe de travail a souligné que les ensembles d'amendements relatifs à ces deux Règlements devraient être transmis au Groupe de travail afin qu'il les examine à sa cent deuxième session, en mars 1994.", "d) Réunion d'experts de la pollution et de l'énergie", "(Vingt-sixième session, 6-8 juillet 1993)", "Document : TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRPE/26", "25. Le Groupe de travail a pris note des informations données par le Président de la Réunion d'experts sur les questions qui avaient été examinées à sa vingt-sixième session, dont il a approuvé le rapport. Le projet de règlement sur les émissions des tracteurs agricoles, qui avait été achevé et transmis au Groupe de travail à la présente session, a particulièrement retenu l'attention.", "e)Principaux faits marquants des dernières sessions (rapports oraux des présidents)", "i) Réunion d'experts en matière de roulement et de freinage", "(Trente-troisième session, 30 août-3 septembre 1993)", "26. Le Président de la Réunion d'experts a présenté les débats de la session en indiquant les points sur lesquels les travaux se poursuivront (commande électronique des systèmes de freinage, extension des Règlements Nos 13, 13‑H et 90, nouveau projet de règlement sur les remorques à attelage court) et les points sur lesquels les travaux techniques étaient terminés (série 08 d'amendements au Règlement No 13 et amendements aux Règlements Nos 30, 54, 75 et 78). Il a demandé des instructions au Groupe de travail pour résoudre la question de l'essai de stabilité des poids lourds munis d'un équipement de direction auxiliaire, conformément au Règlement No 79.", "27. Des renseignements ont aussi été donnés sur l'examen des questions relatives à la maniabilité et à la stabilité des véhicules légers tout-terrain et des poids lourds. Alors que, pour les véhicules légers, l'intérêt que les différentes parties continuaient de manifester pour cette question avait à nouveau montré qu'il serait peut-être possible d'élaborer un règlement, la question s'était révélée plus complexe pour les poids lourds et les autocars, et la Réunion d'experts avait décidé, en ce qui concerne ces deux types de véhicule, de suivre l'avancement des travaux de l'ISO qui était en train d'étudier une méthode d'essai pour leur mise au point. Le Groupe de travail a approuvé cette méthode et demandé à la Réunion d'experts de laisser la question de la maniabilité et de la stabilité des véhicules inscrite à son programme de travail, avec une priorité \"C\".", "ii) Réunion informelle d'experts de la sécurité passive", "(Turin, 20-23 septembre 1993)", "Document : Document sans cote No 3 de l'annexe 1 du présent rapport", "28. Le compte rendu de cette réunion a été donné par le Président de la Réunion d'experts de la sécurité passive qui a confirmé les renseignements donnés au Comité de gestion (voir le paragraphe 9 ci-dessus) et décrit en détail les problèmes techniques qui restaient à résoudre au sujet du projet de règlement sur les chocs latéraux. Il a informé le Groupe de travail que les questions en suspens seraient examinées par la Réunion d'experts à sa quatorzième session (29 novembre-2 décembre 1993). Il a également indiqué qu'à la même session, le Groupe de travail pourrait examiner une proposition de l'Allemagne, tendant à modifier les dispositifs antiglissement installés sur le butoir servant aux essais de choc frontal.", "EXAMEN DE PROJETS D'AMENDEMENT A DES REGLEMENTS EXISTANTS", "a) Règlement No 44 (Dispositifs de retenue pour enfants)", "Document : TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.641", "29. Le Groupe de travail a été informé par le Président de la Réunion d'experts que les amendements contenus dans le document susmentionné, proposés initialement pour compléter la série 02 d'amendements, devraient être insérés dans la série 03 d'amendements et donc être complétés par une proposition de dispositions transitoires.", "30. Etant donné la modification de l'état de ce document, le Groupe de travail a décidé d'en reporter l'examen à sa prochaine session, pour laquelle un ensemble d'amendements au Règlement No 44 serait élaboré (voir le paragraphe 24 ci-dessus).", "31. L'expert de l'OIUC a dit qu'il déplorait ce retard et a vivement incité le Groupe de travail à faire en sorte que cela ne se produise plus.", "b) Règlement No 51, série 02 d'amendements", "(Bruit des véhicules des catégories M et N)", "Documents :TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.635 et document sans cote No 8 de l'annexe 1 du présent rapport", "32. Le Groupe de travail a examiné la proposition relative au projet de série 02 d'amendements au Règlement No 51, en prenant note de la déclaration du représentant de la Communauté européenne selon laquelle cette proposition correspondait à une harmonisation totale avec la Directive 70/157/CEE, modifiée par la Directive 92/97/CEE, compte tenu des dispositions transitoires proposées (document sans cote No 8). Il a également noté que la Directive deviendrait obligatoire pour les Etats membres de la Communauté en ce qui", "concerne les nouvelles homologations de type à compter du 1er octobre 1995, et les véhicules nouvellement immatriculés, à compter du 1er octobre 1996.", "33. Les représentants de la Roumanie et de la Fédération de Russie ont exprimé leur appui à cette proposition qui donnerait lieu à des réductions de bruit considérables mais ils ont demandé des délais supplémentaires pour consulter leurs Administrations au sujet des dispositions transitoires proposées.", "34. Etant donné la position des représentants de ces deux pays, Parties contractantes au Règlement No 51, le Groupe de travail a adopté en principe la proposition de projet de série 02 d'amendements uniquement en ce qui concerne son contenu technique, en renvoyant à sa cent deuxième session, en mars 1994, l'examen formel de cette question. Le secrétariat a toutefois été autorisé à poursuivre la procédure d'amendement si l'accord officiel de la Roumanie et de la Fédération de Russie au sujet des dispositions transitoires proposées lui parvenait avant la prochaine session du Groupe de travail. Le représentant de l'Allemagne a indiqué que, au cas où ce document serait adopté par le Groupe de travail à sa prochaine session, il proposerait à son gouvernement de le transmettre au Secrétaire général de l'ONU.", "35. L'expert de l'OICA a soulevé la question des spécifications de la piste d'essai figurant dans l'annexe 8 du document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.635, en soulignant les contraintes qui en résulteraient pour la profession et certains services techniques si ces spécifications étaient imposées dans leur totalité. L'OICA a donc recommandé que la partie des spécifications concernant la construction de la surface d'essai ne soit mentionnée qu'à titre d'exemple pour satisfaire les prescriptions concernant les performances. Etant donné qu'il était entendu que la Commission des Communautés européennes poursuivait l'étude de cette question, l'expert de l'OICA a suggéré que le Groupe de travail en reprenne l'examen à sa prochaine session, à la lumière des conclusions éventuelles auxquelles la Communauté européenne aurait abouti.", "36. Une correction de forme à apporter à ce document a été signalée au secrétariat (version anglaise seulement) :", "Paragraphe 6.2.2.2.3., remplacer \"61 km\" par \"61 km/h\".", "c) Règlement No 59, complément 2", "(Dispositifs silencieux d'échappement de remplacement)", "Document : TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.636", "37. Le Groupe de travail a examiné et adopté le document visant à harmoniser les contrôles de conformité de la production du Règlement No 59 avec ceux de la Directive 70/157/CEE (modifiée par la Directive 92/97/CEE) de la Communauté européenne, compte tenu des modifications de forme indiquées dans l'annexe 3 du présent rapport.", "38. Le représentant du Royaume‑Uni a fait savoir qu'il proposerait à son gouvernement de transmettre le projet de complément 2 au Règlement No 59 au Secrétaire général de l'ONU.", "d) Règlement No 13 (Freinage)", "Document : TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.643", "39. Le Président de la Réunion d'experts en matière de roulement et de freinage a informé le Groupe de travail que les dispositions transitoires relatives à la série 08 d'amendements au Règlement ne pouvaient pas être proposées avant d'avoir été harmonisées avec celles de la Directive correspondante de la Communauté européenne. Le Groupe de travail a donc décidé de reporter l'examen de cette question à sa cent deuxième session.", "40. Le Groupe de travail a toutefois confirmé la décision de la Réunion d'experts d'attendre l'incorporation de la série 08 d'amendements pour publier la révision 3 du Règlement No 13 (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRRF/32, par. 18).", "e)Règlement No 20, complément 5 à la série 02 d'amendements (Projecteurs H4)", "Documents :TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632 et document sans cote No 9 de l'annexe 1 du présent rapport", "41. L'expert de l'Italie a informé le Groupe de travail qu'une proposition contenue dans le document sans cote No 9 et élaborée en collaboration avec le Président de la Réunion d'experts de l'éclairage et de la signalisation lumineuse permettrait à son gouvernement de lever la réserve formulée par l'Italie lors de la centième session du Groupe de travail (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, par. 37 et 38).", "42. Ayant examiné la proposition de compromis, le Groupe de travail a adopté le document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632, tel qu'il a été modifié par le document sans cote No 9 (dont le texte est reproduit à l'annexe 4 du présent rapport).", "43. Le représentant des Pays‑Bas a indiqué qu'il proposerait à son gouvernement de transmettre au Secrétaire général de l'ONU le projet de complément 5 à la série 02 d'amendements concernant le Règlement No 20.", "EXAMEN DE NOUVEAUX PROJETS DE REGLEMENT", "a)Prescriptions uniformes relatives à l'homologation de véhicules en ce qui concerne la protection des occupants en cas de choc latéral", "Documents :TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.640 et document sans cote No 11 de l'annexe 1 du présent rapport", "44. Le Groupe de travail a noté que plusieurs questions techniques relatives à ce projet de règlement n'avaient pas encore été résolues en dépit des efforts de la Réunion d'experts de la sécurité passive pendant ses sessions officielles et ses réunions officieuses. Dans l'attente des progrès qui seraient réalisés à la quatorzième session de la Réunion d'experts, le Groupe de travail a reporté l'examen du projet de règlement à sa session suivante.", "45. Le représentant du Japon a attiré l'attention du Groupe de travail sur le document sans cote No 11 et demandé que la date d'application (1er octobre 1995) du nouveau projet de règlement soit reportée pour permettre la modification de la conception et l'essai du véhicule, qui avaient été différés en raison de la livraison tardive des mannequins EUROSID-1.", "b)Prescriptions uniformes relatives à l'homologation de véhicules en ce qui concerne la protection des occupants en cas de choc frontal", "Documents :TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.638 et documents sans cote Nos 11, 13 et 14 de l'annexe 1 du présent rapport", "46. Le Groupe de travail a examiné et adopté le projet de règlement. Les représentants de l'Allemagne et de la France ont indiqué qu'ils proposeraient à leur gouvernement de transmettre le projet de règlement au Secrétaire général de l'ONU.", "47. Le représentant de la Communauté européenne s'est félicité de l'adoption du nouveau règlement (document sans cote No 14) par le Groupe de travail et a rappelé que les Etats membres de la Communauté étaient favorables à une application en deux phases : au cours de la première, le Règlement deviendrait obligatoire dans la Communauté pour les nouveaux types de véhicule à compter du 1er octobre 1995. Il a invité les autres signataires du Règlement à ne pas fixer de date antérieure pour l'application obligatoire. La deuxième phase, qui prévoirait l'application aux nouveaux types de véhicule le 1er octobre 1998, devrait être fondée sur l'essai avec un butoir déformable décalé et les critères de protection biomécanique actuellement mis au point par le Comité européen du véhicule expérimental (CEVE). La Communauté invitait le Groupe de travail à poursuivre ses travaux dans ce domaine et à modifier le moment venu le Règlement afin de respecter la date susmentionnée.", "48. Le Groupe de travail a pris note de la position de la Communauté européenne et, tenant compte de la date du 1er octobre 1995 proposée par ses Etats membres pour l'application de la première phase ainsi que de la définition du type de véhicule au paragraphe 2.6 du projet de règlement, a recommandé aux Parties contractantes qui envisageaient d'appliquer le Règlement après son entrée en vigueur que ces prescriptions (document sans cote No 13) :", "a) Ne deviennent pas obligatoires pour les homologations de type avant le 1er octobre 1995;", "b) Soient appliquées aux nouveaux types de véhicule en fonction des éléments importants de la structure du véhicule qui influent sur le respect du Règlement;", "c) Ne soient pas appliquées aux types de véhicule homologués en application du Règlement No 12 avant le 1er octobre 1995 ni à leurs variantes auxquelles une telle homologation serait ultérieurement étendue.", "49. L'expert de l'OICA a dit que le texte du projet de règlement contenait quelques erreurs mineures de rédaction qui seraient signalées au secrétariat pour être corrigées dans le document définitif.", "50. Le représentant des Etats-Unis a réitéré l'opinion exprimée au cours de l'examen de la question par la Réunion d'experts de la sécurité passive, selon laquelle la procédure FMVSS-208 (essai 0 degré à partir de 30 mph) amenait à construire un véhicule satisfaisant également à l'essai prescrit par le nouveau règlement et constituait donc une autre formule acceptable. Il a en outre fait remarquer que cette procédure était déjà couramment utilisée ou allait bientôt être employée en Australie, au Canada, au Japon et aux Etats‑Unis d'Amérique. Le représentant du Japon, pays où une procédure \"J208\" modifiée était appliquée (document sans cote No 11), a fait une déclaration analogue.", "51. L'expert de l'OIUC a engagé le Groupe de travail et la Réunion d'experts de la sécurité passive à poursuivre leurs travaux en vue de la deuxième phase du projet de règlement sur les chocs frontaux et s'est fait l'écho des consommateurs, qui souhaiteraient que la sécurité soit renforcée.", "52. En examinant les interventions susmentionnées, le Groupe de travail a accepté la justification fournie par le Président de la Réunion d'experts de la sécurité passive et approuvé l'introduction de critères biomécaniques pour évaluer la sécurité en cas de collision. Il a été noté que la méthode d'essai indiquée dans le projet de règlement était censée simuler un accident en Europe et que les types de véhicule qui ne satisfaisaient pas à cet essai au cours de leur mise au point devaient être repensés.", "c)Prescriptions uniformes relatives à l'homologation des moteurs à allumage par compression destinés aux tracteurs agricoles et forestiers, en ce qui concerne les émissions de polluants par le moteur", "Documents :TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.637 et document sans cote No 7 de l'annexe 1 du présent rapport", "53. Le Groupe de travail a examiné le projet de règlement (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.637 et en a décidé l'adoption de principe, sur la base de la version anglaise actuelle de ce document.", "54. Ayant étudié la demande de dérogation du CEMA concernant la limite d'émission de particules pour la catégorie de moteurs d'une puissance nette de 37 ≤ P (kW) < 75 (par. 5.2.1 du projet de règlement), le Groupe de travail a considéré qu'il n'avait reçu aucune justification satisfaisante et décidé de ne pas accorder cette dérogation.", "55. Le Groupe de travail a aussi examiné la proposition de l'expert du CEMA (document sans cote No 7) tendant à incorporer dans le texte du projet de règlement une disposition prévoyant que les dates effectives pour l'application des limites spécifiées au paragraphe 5.2.1. du projet de règlement seraient échelonnées pour les trois catégories de puissance et espacées au moins d'un an en fonction de la date de fabrication des moteurs et en commençant par la catégorie de puissance la plus élevée. Le Groupe de travail a toutefois fait observer que, dans le cadre du système prévu dans l'Accord de 1958, les dates d'application seraient uniquement fonction des dates d'homologation de type et que les dates et les conditions d'application d'un nouveau règlement seraient décidées par les Parties contractantes au Règlement. A cet égard, il a été noté que, pour les Etats membres de la Communauté européenne, il avait été prévu que le projet de règlement s'appliquerait comme suit :", "Catégorie de puissance (en kW) Nouvelles homologations Tous les tracteurs de type neufs", "P ≥ 130 1er octobre 1996 1er octobre 1997", "75 ≤ P > 130 1er octobre 1996 1er octobre 1997", "37 ≤ P < 75 1er octobre 1997 1er octobre 1998", "Le Groupe de travail a recommandé que les mêmes dates soient appliquées par les autres Parties contractantes.", "56. Le Groupe de travail a noté avec beaucoup d'intérêt que le projet de règlement avait été élaboré en harmonie avec les propositions examinées aux Etat‑Unis, où ses dispositions s'appliqueraient aussi aux engins tout‑terrain, et que cette portée élargie serait également indiquée dans la Directive que préparait la Commission de la Communauté européenne et qui serait elle aussi harmonisée avec le projet de règlement.", "ACCORD DE 1958", "a) Etat des Règlements annexés à l'Accord", "Documents :TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/343/Rev.1/Amend.1 et document sans cote No 1 de l'annexe 1 du présent rapport", "57. Le Groupe de travail a pris note des renseignements contenus dans le document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/343/Rev.1/Amend.1 ainsi que des amendements les mettant à jour à la date du 8 octobre 1993 (document sans cote No 1).", "58. A propos de ce document, le secrétariat a donné les renseignements complémentaires suivants :", "Rubrique 4 (p. 4 du document) :", "Pour le Règlement No 1 (complément 4 à la série 01 d'amendements), modifier la date d'application comme suit : \"[14 février 1994]\".", "Pour le Règlement No 16 (rectificatif 2 à la révision 3), des éclaircissements ont été demandés au Bureau des affaires juridiques de New York. La date d'application indiquée (16 octobre 1992) était conforme à la \"Décision générale du Groupe de travail concernant l'application immédiate des rectificatifs\" (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/365, par. 87), mais elle n'avait pas été mentionnée dans la Notification dépositaire C.N. 215.1993.TREATIES‑10 du 29 août 1993.", "Pour le Règlement No 67 (complément 1 à la version originale), modifier la date d'application comme suit : \"[9 février 1994]\".", "L'attention du Groupe de travail a aussi été appelée sur le nouveau Règlement No 92 intitulé \"Dispositifs silencieux d'échappement de remplacement pour les motocycles\" qui entrerait en vigueur le 1er novembre 1993 en Italie et en Espagne (rubrique 2 du document). Le secrétariat a également informé le Groupe de travail que les notifications dépositaires sur la succession de la République slovaque et de la République tchèque concernant l'Accord étaient toujours attendues.", "59. Il a été pris note des informations préalables émanant du Comité de la Fédération de Russie pour la normalisation, la métrologie et l'homologation (Gosstandart) selon lesquelles le Centre d'essai des unités et composants d'automobiles avait été agréé en tant que Service technique pour les Règlements CEE/ONU Nos 13, 24, 26, 49, 51, 55, 59, 61, 83, 84, 85 et 90.", "b) Rapport sur l'état des Règlements et/ou des amendements à venir", "Document : TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.642", "60. Il a été pris note de ce document. Le Groupe de travail a aussi été informé par le secrétariat qu'un nouveau projet de règlement sur la protection contre l'encastrement avant communiqué par les Pays-Bas était parvenu à Genève le 29 septembre 1993 et avait été transmis au Secrétaire général de l'ONU le 5 octobre 1993, en même temps que la communication du Royaume‑Uni (reçue le 2 juillet 1993). Des informations préliminaires ont également été données selon lesquelles le complément 5 à la série 04 d'amendements au Règlement No 8 entrerait en vigueur le [9 février 1994].", "QUESTIONS DIVERSES", "a) Application des Règlements CEE/ONU aux véhicules électriques", "Document : Document sans cote No 5 de l'annexe 1 du présent rapport", "61. Le Groupe de travail a examiné la proposition formulée par la France, sans oublier de rappeler la proposition antérieure du Royaume-Uni ainsi que les communications de l'Italie et de l'ISO (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.178 et Add.1 et 2). Il a été convenu que cette question serait examinée par toutes les Réunions d'experts et que leurs commentaires seraient soumis à la cent deuxième session du Groupe de travail, pour faire en sorte que, dans la première phase, les véhicules des catégories M₁ et N₁ à moteur électrique soient inclus dans le champ d'application des Règlements pertinents de la CEE/ONU.", "b) Informatisation des documents", "Document : Document sans cote No 2 de l'annexe 1 du présent rapport", "62. Le Groupe de travail a été informé par le secrétariat de l'avancement de ce projet depuis la centième session (document sans cote No 2). Des renseignements ont également été donnés sur le système de stockage des documents sur disques optiques, utilisé actuellement par le Service des publications de l'ONU pour l'archivage, la recherche et la distribution électronique des documents.", "63. Le représentant des Pays-Bas a confirmé au Groupe de travail qu'un courrier électronique utilisant le système UIT/DOC avait été expérimenté avec succès. Il a toutefois ajouté qu'à son avis le système modifié par l'UIT (Union internationale des télécommunications) après le premier essai réussi semblait moins facile à utiliser que la version initiale.", "64. Le représentant du Royaume-Uni a indiqué qu'il était prêt à poursuivre les essais en demandant au secrétariat que le système soit mis en service le plus tôt possible mais en mettant l'accent moins sur les questions de format que d'efficacité du travail.", "c)Groupe de travail de la construction des véhicules - son rôle sur le plan international", "Documents :TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.628 et document sans cote No 12 de l'annexe 1 du présent rapport", "65. Le Groupe de travail a été informé par le secrétariat que la version française du projet de publication n'avait pas encore été publiée et il a décidé, sur proposition du Comité de gestion (voir par. 6), qu'un comité de rédaction vérifierait le texte avant sa publication, un nouvel examen du document n'étant pas nécessaire puisqu'il avait déjà reçu l'approbation de principe du Groupe de travail à sa centième session (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, par. 29).", "66. Le Groupe de travail a également décidé d'incorporer au document (troisième partie, section 1) un texte supplémentaire rédigé par son président honoraire, M. G. Pocci (document sans cote No 12). Il a été pris note de quelques corrections de forme apportées à ce document sans cote et notamment de la suppression de son cinquième alinéa. Le secrétariat a été prié d'incorporer le texte approuvé au projet de publication.", "d) Rapport puissance/poids des véhicules routiers", "67. Le représentant de la Finlande a rappelé l'examen de cette question par le Groupe de travail à sa quatre-vingt-dix-septième session (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/353, par. 68 à 70) ainsi que la position adoptée par le Comité des transports intérieurs à ce sujet à sa cinquante-cinquième session (ECE/TRANS/97, par. 65). Il a indiqué que la CEMT (Conférence européenne des ministres des transports) poursuivait l'étude de cette question sous l'angle de ses répercussions sur l'environnement, l'énergie et la sécurité et qu'elle prévoyait d'en communiquer les résultats au Groupe de travail aux fins d'examen à sa prochaine session.", "ADOPTION DU RAPPORT", "68. Le Groupe de travail a adopté le rapport sur sa cent unième session ainsi que ses annexes.", "-----", "Annexe 1", "LISTE DES DOCUMENTS DISTRIBUES SANS COTE", "PENDANT LA CENT UNIEME SESSION", "Point de", "No Auteur l'ordre Langue Titre", "du jour", "--- -------------- -------- ------ --------------------------------------", "1. Secrétariat 7.1 AStatus of the Agreement, of the annexed Regulations and of amendments thereto", "2. Secrétariat 8.2 AComputerization of Documents, Electronic Data Interchange", "3. Président 4.5 b) AReport of the informal meeting", "du GRSPof experts on passive safety (Turin, 20-23 September 1993)", "4. Royaume-Uni 3 AProposal for a Draft Revision of the 1958 Agreement (Revision 1), amendment to Article 7", "5. France 8.1 A/FProposition de la France concernant les règlements techniques applicables aux véhicules à moteur électrique", "6. Hongrie 6 ARevision of the 1958 Agreement, Proposals for draft amendments", "7. CEMA A/FDéclaration du CEMA pour la réunion du WP.29, le 12 octobre 1993, à Genève", "8. Allemagne 5.2 AProposal for Draft Amendments to Regulation No. 51 (Noise of M and N categories of vehicles)", "9. Pays-Bas 5.5 A/FPropositions d'amendement au projet de complément 5 à la série 02 d'amendements au Règlement No 20", "10. Finlande, 3 A Proposal for a Draft Revision of", "Allemagne, the 1958 Agreement (Revision 1),", "Italie, additional draft amendments", "CLEPA", "11. Japon 6.1, 6.2 AJapan's Position on the Protection of Vehicle Occupants in the Event of a Frontal Collision and a Lateral Collision", "Point de", "No Auteur l'ordre Langue Titre", "du jour", "--- -------------- -------- ------ -------------------------------------", "12. Italie 8.3 FLe Groupe de travail de la construction des véhicules ‑ son rôle dans la perspective internationale (à inclure dans la partie 3, section 1, du document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.628)", "13. OICA 6.2 ADraft Regulation on Frontal Impact", "14. CE 6.2 ADeclaration of the EC Relating to Frontal Impact", "-----", "Annexe 2", "PROPOSITION DE PROJET DE REVISION DE L'ACCORD DE 1958", "(Révision 1), document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.615/Rev.1", "AMENDEMENTS SUPPLEMENTAIRES ADOPTES PAR LE GROUPE DE TRAVAIL", "Titre de l'Accord (nouveau), à la fin, ajouter un appel de note \"/\" et insérer une nouvelle note ainsi conçue :", "\"/Ancien titre de l'Accord : Accord concernant l'adoption de conditions uniformes d'homologation et la reconnaissance réciproque de l'homologation des équipements et pièces de véhicules à moteur, en date, à Genève, du 20 mars 1958\"", "Article premier, paragraphe 1, dernier alinéa, lire :", "\"...", "Le terme 'homologation de type' recouvre l'homologation de type d'un véhicule, d'un équipement ou d'une pièce, quant à ses performances, eu égard aux critères techniques spécifiques.\"", "Article 5, supprimer les crochets qui entourent les mots \"envoient chaque mois ... en outre\", ce qui laisse le libellé suivant (le mot \"d'accorder\" étant supprimé) :", "\"... envoient chaque mois aux autorités compétentes des autres Parties contractantes une liste des homologations des véhicules à roues, des équipements ou des pièces qu'elle a refusé d'accorder ou retirées pendant le mois considéré, en outre, lorsqu'elles ont reçu...\"", "et, d'autre part, supprimer les mots suivants entre crochets dans la version anglaise [\"it shall\"] /.", "Article 7, modifier le texte comme suit :", "\"Article 7", "1. Sous réserve des dispositions du paragraphe 2 du présent article, le présent Accord révisé sera réputé entrer en vigueur neuf mois après la date de sa transmission par le Secrétaire général à toutes les Parties contractantes à l'Accord de 1958.", "2. Le présent Accord révisé sera réputé ne pas être entré en vigueur si une objection quelconque des Parties contractantes à l'Accord de 1958 est exprimée dans un délai de six mois à compter de la date à laquelle le Secrétaire général le leur a transmis.", "_________________________", "*/ Cet amendement annule celui qui figure au paragraphe 23 du document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, et qui concernait l'article 5.", "3. Pour toute nouvelle Partie contractante qui y adhère, le présent Accord révisé entre en vigueur le soixantième jour qui suit le dépôt de l'instrument d'adhésion de ladite Partie.\"", "Article 8, ajouter un nouveau paragraphe 3 libellé comme suit :", "\"[3. En ce qui concerne les homologations accordées par une Partie contractante qui dénonce le présent Accord, le paragraphe 6 de l'article premier est applicable.]\"", "Article 12, paragraphe 1, modifier le texte comme suit :", "\"... quelles variantes elles appliqueront. Les Parties contractantes n'appliquant que les amendements les plus récents ne sont pas tenues d'accepter les homologations en vertu de Règlements non modifiés. Après avoir été arrêté, tout amendement...\".", "Article 12, paragraphe 2, remplacer \"20 %\" par \"un cinquième\".", "Titre de l'appendice 2, modifier le texte comme suit (version française seulement) :", "\"PROCEDURES DE CONTROLE DE LA CONFORMITE DE PRODUCTION\"", "-----", "Annexe 3", "PROJET DE COMPLEMENT 2 AU REGLEMENT No 59", "(Dispositifs silencieux d'échappement de remplacement)", "MODIFICATIONS DU DOCUMENT TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.636", "ADOPTEES PAR LE GROUPE DE TRAVAIL", "Paragraphe 9.2, remplacer \"des contrôles appropriés de la production doivent être effectués\" par \"une surveillance adéquate de la production doit être effectuée\".", "Paragraphe 9.3.4, modifier comme suit :", "\"9.3.4.d'analyser les résultats obtenus pour chaque type de produit afin de vérifier et de garantir la stabilité des caractéristiques des produits compte tenu des variations inhérentes à la production industrielle;\"", "Paragraphe 9.4.4, remplacer le mot \"paragraphe\" par \"Règlement\".", "Annexe 5, paragraphe 3, remplacer les mots \"le véhicule\" par \"l'échantillon\".", "-----", "Annexe 4", "ROJET DE COMPLEMENT 5 A LA SERIE 02 D'AMENDEMENTS", "DU REGLEMENT No 20 (PROJECTEURS H4)", "MODIFICATIONS DU DOCUMENT TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632", "ADOPTEES PAR LE GROUPE DE TRAVAIL", "Paragraphe 12.4.3, modifier comme suit :", "\"... d'homologation de type, en utilisant les critères de l'annexe 7.\"", "Paragraphe 12.4.4", "Supprimer la deuxième phrase qui se lit : \"Si ... sont appliqués.\" et ajouter à la fin de la dernière phrase : \"et en accord avec les critères de l'annexe 7.\"", "Annexe 7, modifier le titre comme suit :", "\"PRESCRIPTIONS MINIMALES CONCERNANT L'ECHANTILLONNAGE FAIT PAR UN INSPECTEUR\"", "-----" ]	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/389", "1 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on Road Transport", "Working Party on the Construction of Vehicles", "REPORT OF THE WORKING PARTY ON ITS ONE-HUNDRED-AND-FIRST SESSION", "(12-15 October 1993)", "CONTENTS", "Paragraphs", "ATTENDANCE 1", "ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA 2 - 3", "COORDINATION AND ORGANIZATION OF WORK 4 - 14", "(a) Report of the Administrative Committee 4 - 13", "(b) Programme of work and priorities 14", "REVISION OF THE 1958 AGREEMENT 15 - 19", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to Governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the Committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24071 (E)", "CONTENTS (continued)", "Paragraphs", "CONSIDERATION OF THE REPORTS OF THE MEETINGS OF EXPERTS 20 - 28", "(a) Meeting of Experts on General Safety Provisions 20", "(b) Meeting of Experts on Noise 21", "(c) Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety 22 - 24", "(d) Meeting of Experts on Pollution and Energy 25", "(e)Highlights of the recent sessions", "(Oral reports by the Chairmen) 26 - 28", "CONSIDERATION OF DRAFT AMENDMENTS TO EXISTING REGULATIONS 29 - 43", "(a) Regulation No. 44 (Child restraint systems) 29 - 31", "(b) Regulation No. 51 - 02 series of amendments", "(Noise of M and N categories of vehicles) 32 - 36", "(c) Regulation No. 59 - Supplement 2 to the Regulation 37 and 38", "(d) Regulation No. 13 (Braking) 39 and 40", "(e) Regulation No. 20 - Supplement 5 to the 02 series", "of amendments (Headlamps H4) 41 - 43", "CONSIDERATION OF NEW DRAFT REGULATIONS 44 - 56", "(a)Uniform provisions concerning the approval of", "vehicles with regard to the protection of the", "occupants in the event of a lateral collision 44 and 45", "(b)Uniform provisions concerning the approval of", "vehicles with regard to the protection of the", "occupants in the event of a frontal collision 46 - 52", "(c)Uniform provisions concerning the approval of", "compression ignition (C.I.) engines to be installed", "in agricultural and forestry tractors with regard", "to the emission of pollutants by the engine 53 - 56", "1958 AGREEMENT 57 - 60", "(a)Status of the annexed Regulations 57 - 59", "(b) Report on the situation of forthcoming", "Regulations and/or amendments 60", "OTHER BUSINESS", "(a)Application of UN/ECE Regulations to electric vehicles 61", "(b) Computerization of documents 62 - 64", "(c) Working Party on the Construction of Vehicles -", "Its Role in the International Perspective 65 - 66", "(d) Power-weight ratio of road vehicles 67", "ADOPTION OF THE REPORT 68", "CONTENTS (continued)", "ANNEXES", "Annex 1:List of informal documents distributed without symbol during the one-hundred-and-first session", "Annex 2:Proposal for a draft revision of the 1958 Agreement (Revision 1), document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.615/Rev.1", "Additional amendments adopted by the Working Party", "Annex 3:Draft Supplement 2 to Regulation No. 59 (Replacement silencing systems)", "Amendments to document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.636 adopted by the Working Party", "Annex 4:Draft Supplement 5 to the 02 series of amendments to Regulation No. 20 (Headlamps H4)", "Amendments to document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632 adopted by the Working Party", "__________", "REPORT", "ATTENDANCE", "1. The Working Party on the Construction of Vehicles held its", "one-hundred-and-first session from 12 to 15 October 1993 under the chairmanship of Mr. B. Gauvin (France). The following countries were represented: Belgium; Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Luxembourg; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Turkey; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; United States of America. Representatives of the European Community (EC) participated. Representatives of Japan took part in the session under paragraph 11 of the Commission's Terms of Reference. The following non-governmental organizations were also represented: International Organization for Standardization (ISO); International Organization of Consumers' Unions (IOCU); International Alliance of Tourism/International Automobile Federation (AIT/FIA); International Motor Vehicle Inspection Committee (CITA); International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA); International Motorcycle Manufacturers Association (IMMA); Liaison Committee for the Manufacture of Automobile Equipment and Spare Parts (CLEPA); Working Party \"Brussels 1952\" (GTB); European Committee of Associations of Manufacturers of Agricultural Machinery (CEMA); Federation of European Manufacturers of Friction Materials (FEMFM).", "ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA", "2. The Working Party adopted the provisional agenda (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/385) with the amendments recommended by the Administrative Committee (SC.1/WP.29/AC.2) (see para. 6 below).", "3. The documents without symbol distributed during the session are listed in Annex 1 to this report.", "COORDINATION AND ORGANIZATION OF WORK", "(a)Report of the Administrative Committee (SC.1/WP.29/AC.2)", "4. The fifty-third session of the Administrative Committee was held on 11 October 1993, under the chairmanship of Mr. B. Gauvin (France) and attended by representatives of the following countries: France; Germany; Italy; Netherlands; Russian Federation; Spain; United Kingdom; United States of America.", "5. The session was opened by the Director of UN/ECE Transport Division, who reviewed the work of the secretariat and informed the Administrative Committee about current limitations in the Publishing and Interpretation Services due to the present serious financial situation of the UN.", "6. The Administrative Committee recommended adding the following items into the provisional agenda for the one-hundred-and-first session of the Working Party:", "4.5. (b)Informal Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety", "(Turin, 20-23 September 1993)", "5.4.Regulation No. 13 (Braking) TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.643", "5.5.Regulation No. 20 (Headlamps H4) TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632", "8.3.Working Party on the Construction", "of Vehicles - Its Role in the", "International Perspective TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.628", "For item 8.3. it was however noted that the French version of the draft publication was not available and it was recommended that an editorial committee should check it so as not to delay publication.", "7. In the consideration of the draft revision of the 1958 Agreement, the Administrative Committee recommended the following action programme:", "(i)Consideration by the Working Party targeted to adoption of the text \"in principle\";", "(ii)The text adopted is to be transmitted for consideration to the Inland Transport Committee at its fifty-sixth session", "(17-21 January 1994);", "(iii)Legal advice on the text to be sought by the secretariat from the UN Legal office and by the Contracting Parties from their legal services;", "(iv)A consolidation of the legal comments/amendments to be prepared by the secretariat for consideration by the Working Party at its one-hundred-and-second session;", "(v)Consideration by the Working Party targeted to final adoption of the text at its one-hundred-and-second session", "(8-11 March 1994);", "(vi)Transmission of the amendments to the 1958 Agreement to the UN Secretary-General by a Contracting Party to the Agreement.", "8. It was foreseen that the above procedure would not only allow legal corrections of the text of the amendments, but also give additional time to the countries who are not Parties to the 1958 Agreement to consider their positions and/or request eventual additional amendments to facilitate their accession to the Agreement.", "9. The Administrative Committee was informed by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety about the proceedings of the informal meeting in Turin, 20-23 September 1993 (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, paras. 60 and 69) and noted that although a general consensus had been reached on the draft Regulation on Frontal Collision (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.638), several questions remained open for consideration by the Working Party in the draft Regulation on Lateral Collision (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.640).", "10. The information by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Pollution and Energy about the completion of the draft Regulation on Agricultural Tractors was noted with satisfaction. The Administrative Committee recommended to the Working Party, however, that this draft Regulation should be adopted in principle only since the French and Russian versions of the document (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.637) had not yet been published.", "11. The Administrative Committee considered the proposal by France regarding the application of UN/ECE Regulations to electric vehicles (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 20) and recommended that the project be commented upon by all of the Meetings of Experts and they submit their results or comments in a timely fashion, so that they may be considered at the", "one-hundred-and-second session of the Working Party.", "12. The Administrative Committee examined also the programme of work of the Working Party and its Meetings of Experts and recommended its adoption, with amendments (see para. 14 below).", "13. The Working Party noted the report on the fifty-third session of the Administrative Committee and accepted its recommendations (paras. 4-12 above).", "(b)Programme of work and priorities", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.639", "14. Following the recommendation by the Administrative Committee, the Working Party considered and adopted the document containing its programme of work with the following amendments/corrigenda:", "Item 4.1., add the following:", "\"Regulation No. 55 (Mechanical couplings) ... priority C\"", "Item 5.1., for \"Regulations Nos. 22 and 25\" correct (3 times) \"GRRF/\" to read \"GRSP/\".", "REVISION OF THE 1958 AGREEMENT", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.615/Rev.1; Informal Documents Nos. 4, 6 and 10 of Annex 1 to this report", "15. Taking note of the recommendations by the Administrative Committee and recalling its consideration of the matter at the one-hundredth session (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, paras. 23-28), the Working Party adopted the document", "in principle with the additional amendments prepared on the basis of Informal Documents Nos. 4, 6 and 10 and reproduced in Annex 2 to this report. In addition, the proposal was included by the representative of Hungary, to refer in the new title of the Agreement also to its original wording (see Annex 2 to this report.)", "16. The Working Party noted with satisfaction the confirmation by the representative of the European Community that, with the amendments to Articles 5 and 7 of the revised Agreement (see Annex 2 to this report), the text would be fully acceptable and considered open to accession by the EC as a regional economic integration organization and that not more than juridical/legal editorial corrections might be expected.", "17. The representatives of the United States informed the Working Party that negotiating authority to formulate the position of their Government concerning the revised 1958 Agreement shall jointly be granted to the NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) and to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). In addition to the NHTSA and the EPA, the views of the Departments of Energy, Commerce, State, Transportation, and the United States Trade representative are to be coordinated in arriving at the United States position. Though there were some delays in this complex process, the negotiating authority is expected to be received within a month's time, making it possible to prepare the official position of the United States Government for consideration by the Working Party at its next session. Within the same timeframe, an information notice on the consideration by the United States of the revision of the 1958 Agreement shall also be issued in the Federal Register to permit the expression of views of other interested parties.", "18. It was indicated by the representatives of the United States that there was a full understanding of Europe's need to continue the approval system within the revised Agreement and, consequently, there was no intent to recommend changes to it.", "19. The Working Party agreed to conclude the project at its next session, when legal editorial amendments shall also be incorporated. It was agreed that, in case of unforeseen delays in receiving the position statements by the countries who are not Parties to the 1958 Agreement, the draft revision shall be adopted as a first stage of the project only.", "CONSIDERATION OF THE REPORTS OF THE MEETINGS OF EXPERTS", "(a)Meeting of Experts on General Safety Provisions", "(Sixty-fourth session, 5-8 April 1993)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRSG/43", "20. Recalling the oral presentation of the results of the sixty-fourth session by the Chairman (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 33), the Working Party approved the report.", "(b)Meeting of Experts on Noise", "(Twentieth session, 17-19 May 1993)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRB/18", "21. Recalling the oral presentation of the results of the twentieth session by the Chairman (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 34 and 35), the Working Party approved the report.", "(c)Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety", "(Thirteenth session, 1-4 June 1993)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRSP/13", "22. The Chairman of the Meeting of Experts recalled his oral presentation of the session proceedings during the one-hundredth session of the Working Party (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 36), restating, however, the main results which had been achieved, in particular with respect to the new Draft Regulations on Frontal Collision and Lateral Collision appearing in the agenda of the current session of the Working Party. He also gave more detailed information on the status of the consideration of major amendment packages to Regulations Nos. 22 and 44.", "23. The Working Party approved the report of the thirteenth session of the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety and evaluated the progress which had been reached in the various items of the programme of work.", "24. Special importance was given to the expeditious finalization of the work on amendments to Regulations Nos. 22 and 44 and the Working Party authorized the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts to advance by convening informal meetings on both items in the case of inability to conclude their deliberations at the fourteenth session of the Meeting of Experts (29 November-2 December 1993). It was stressed by the Working Party that the packages of amendments to both Regulations are expected to be transmitted to the Working Party for consideration at its one-hundred-and-second session in March 1994.", "(d)Meeting of Experts on Pollution and Energy", "(Twenty-sixth session, 6-8 July 1993)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRPE/26", "25. The Working Party noted the information given by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on the items which had been considered at the twenty-sixth session and approved the report. Particular attention was paid to the Draft Regulation on the Emissions of Agricultural Tractors which had been finalized and transmitted to the current session of the Working Party.", "(e)Highlights of the recent sessions (Oral reports by the Chairmen)", "(i)Meeting of Experts on Brakes and Running Gear", "(Thirty-third session, 30 August-3 September 1993)", "26. The Chairman of the Meeting of Experts gave a presentation of the session proceedings, indicating the items where work shall continue (electronic control of braking systems, development of Regulations Nos. 13, 13-H and 90, new Draft Regulation on Close-Coupled Trailers) and the items where the technical work had been concluded (08 series of amendments to Regulation No. 13, amendments to Regulations Nos. 30, 54, 75 and 78). He requested the guidance of the Working Party in resolving the question of stability testing of heavy vehicles equipped with auxiliary steering equipment pursuant to Regulation No. 79.", "27. Information was also given on the consideration of the questions of handling and stability of light off-road and heavy commercial vehicles. Although for the light vehicles the continuing interest of the different parties had again indicated that the preparation of a Regulation might be feasible, the matter had proved to be more complex for the heavy vehicles and buses and, in respect of the latter, the Meeting of Experts had decided to follow the progress in ISO, where a testing method suitable for the development of such vehicles is currently under study. The Working Party agreed to this approach and instructed the Meeting of Experts to keep the matter of handling and stability of vehicles on its programme of work with priority \"C\".", "(ii)Informal Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety", "(Turin, 20-23 September 1993)", "Documentation: Informal Document No. 3 of Annex 1 to this report", "28. The report was given by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety, who confirmed the information given to the Administrative Committee (see para. 9 above) and described in detail the technical problems remaining to be resolved in respect of the Draft Regulation on Lateral Collision. He informed the Working Party that the pending questions shall be addressed by the Meeting of Experts at its fourteenth session (29 November-2 December 1993). He also indicated that at the same session a proposal by Germany to consider modified anti-slide devices (MASD) for the frontal collision barrier could be examined.", "CONSIDERATION OF DRAFT AMENDMENTS TO EXISTING REGULATIONS", "(a)Regulation No. 44 (Child restraint systems)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.641", "29. The Working Party was informed by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts that the amendments contained in the above-mentioned document and initially proposed to be supplemented to the 02 series of amendments should be included", "in the 03 series of amendments and should therefore be completed by a proposal for transitional provisions.", "30. In view of the modification of the status of the document, the Working Party agreed to postpone consideration of it until the next session, for which a package of amendments to Regulation No. 44 shall be prepared (see para. 24 above).", "31. The expert from IOCU expressed his regret with the delay and urged the Working Party to ensure that no further deferments occur.", "(b)Regulation No. 51 - 02 series of amendments", "(Noise of M and N categories of vehicles)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.635; Informal Document No. 8 of Annex 1 to this report", "32. The Working Party considered the proposal for the draft 02 series of amendments to Regulation No. 51, noting the statement by the representative of the EC that it represents full harmonization with Directive 70/157/EEC, as amended by Directive 92/97/EEC, including the proposed transitional provisions (Informal Document No. 8). It was also noted that the Directive will become mandatory for the EC Member States for the new type approvals as of 1 October 1995 and for the newly registered vehicles as of 1 October 1996.", "33. The representatives of Romania and the Russian Federation expressed their support for the proposal which will lead to significant noise reductions, they however requested more time to consult the proposed transitional provisions with their Administrations.", "34. In view of the position of the representatives of the two countries, Contracting Parties to Regulation No. 51, the Working Party adopted the proposed draft 02 series of amendments in principle only in respect of the technical contents, deferring formal consideration of the matter to the", "one-hundred-and-second session in March 1994. The secretariat was authorized, however, to proceed with the processing of amendments if the official consent of Romania and the Russian Federation to the proposed transitional provisions were received before the next session of the Working Party. The representative of Germany indicated that, in the case of adoption of the document by the Working Party at its next session, he would propose to his Government the transmission of the document to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "35. The expert from OICA raised the question of the test track specification, set out in Annex 8 to document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.635, underlining the constraints in industry and some Technical Services if this specification were imposed in its entirety. OICA therefore recommended that that part of the specification relating to the construction of the test surface should be included only as an example in order to meet the performance requirements. Since it was understood that further study in this question was taking place in the Commission of the European Communities, he suggested that", "consideration of this issue be resumed at the next session of the Working", "Party in the light of any conclusions reached within the EC.", "36. The need for an editorial correction in the document (English version only) was made known to the secretariat:", "Paragraph 6.2.2.2.3., correct the value \"61 km\" to read \"61 km/h\".", "(c)Regulation No. 59 - Supplement 2 to the Regulation", "(Replacement silencing systems)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.636", "37. The Working Party considered and adopted the document harmonizing the Conformity of Production Procedures in Regulation No. 59 with those in the Directive (70/157/EEC as amended by 92/97/EEC) of the European Community with the editorial amendments given in Annex 3 to this report.", "38. The representative of the United Kingdom indicated that he would propose to his Government to transmit the draft Supplement 2 to Regulation No. 59 to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "(d)Regulation No. 13 (Braking)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.643", "39. The Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Brakes and Running Gear informed the Working Party that the transitional provisions relevant to the 08 series of amendments to the Regulation cannot yet be proposed due to the need for the EC Directive to be harmonized with it. For this reason, the Working Party agreed to defer consideration of the matter to the one-hundred-and-second session.", "40. The Working Party however confirmed the decision of the Meeting of Experts that the publication of Revision 3 of Regulation No. 13 shall await the incorporation of the 08 series of amendments (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRRF/32, para. 18).", "(e) Regulation No. 20 (Headlamps H4)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632; Informal Document No. 9 of Annex 1 to this report", "41. The expert from Italy informed the Working Party that a proposal contained in Informal Document No. 9 and prepared in cooperation with the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Lighting and Light-Signalling would enable his Government to lift the reservation made by Italy at the one-hundredth session of the Working Party (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, paras. 37 and 38).", "42. Upon considering the compromising proposal, the Working Party adopted document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632, as amended by Informal Document No. 9 (the text of which is reproduced in Annex 4 to this report).", "43. The representative of the Netherlands indicated that he would propose to his Government to transmit the draft Supplement 5 to the 02 series of amendments to Regulation No. 20 to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "CONSIDERATION OF NEW DRAFT REGULATIONS", "(a)Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the protection of the occupants in the event of a lateral collision", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.640; Informal Document No. 11 of Annex 1 to this report", "44. The Working Party noted that several technical questions related to this Draft Regulation had not yet been resolved despite the effort by the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety at its official sessions and informal meetings. Anticipating that progress will be made at the fourteenth session of the Meeting of Experts, the Working Party deferred consideration of the Draft Regulation to its next session.", "45. The representative of Japan drew the attention of the Working Party to Informal Document No. 11, requesting that the implementation date (1 October 1995) of the new Draft Regulation be postponed, to allow for the necessary vehicle re-design and testing, which had been delayed by late deliveries of EUROSID-1 dummies.", "(b)Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the protection of the occupants in the event of a frontal collision", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.638; Informal Documents Nos. 11, 13 and 14 of Annex 1 to this report", "46. The Working Party considered and adopted the Draft Regulation. The representatives of Germany and France indicated that they would propose to their Governments to transmit the Draft Regulation to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "47. In view of the move by the Working Party, the representative of the European Community welcomed the adoption of the new Regulation (Informal Document No. 14), recalled that EC Member States are in favour of a two-stage approach on this matter and indicated that the first stage, which would be represented by the present Regulation, was intended to become mandatory in the EC on 1 October 1995 for new vehicle types. He invited the other signatories of this Regulation not to adopt an earlier date for mandatory implementation.", "In regard to the second stage which should become applicable to new vehicle types on 1 October 1998, it should be based on the test using an offset deformable barrier and the biomechanical protection criteria currently developed by the European Experimental Vehicle Committee (EEVC). The EC invited the Working Party to continue its work on this matter and to adopt an appropriate amendment to the present Regulation in due time, in order to meet the afore-mentioned date.", "48. The Working Party noted the position of the EC and taking into account the date of application of 1 October 1995 proposed by its Member States for the first stage, and the definition of vehicle type in paragraph 2.6. of the Draft Regulation, recommended to Contracting Parties considering application of the Regulation after its entry into force that these requirements (Informal Document No. 13):", "(a)Should not become mandatory for type approvals before 1 October 1995;", "(b)Should be applied to new vehicle types as determined by substantial elements of the vehicle structure which affect compliance with the Regulation;", "(c)Should not be applied to vehicle types approved for Regulation No. 12 before 1 October 1995 and variants covered by subsequent extensions to these approvals.", "49. The expert from OICA indicated that some minor editorial errors had been found in the text of the Draft Regulation and that they would be communicated to the secretariat for correction in the final document.", "50. The representative of the United States restated the opinion given during consideration of this matter by the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety, that the procedure FMVSS-208 (0 degree test from 30 mph) leads to vehicle design complying also with the test specified in the newly adopted Regulation, and should therefore be eligible as an alternative. He further noted, that this procedure was already currently in use or soon to be implemented in Australia, Canada, Japan and the United States. A similar statement was made by the representative of Japan, where a modified procedure \"J208\" was applied (Informal Document No. 11).", "51. The expert from IOCU urged the Working Party and the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety to continue its work towards the second stage of the project of the Draft Regulation on Frontal Collision and expressed the desire of consumers for safety improvements.", "52. In its consideration of the above-mentioned interventions, the Working Party accepted the justification by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety and evaluated positively the introduction of biomechanical criteria as a measure of safety in collisions. It was noted, that the test method specified in the Draft Regulation was deemed to represent the real accident situations in European conditions, and that the tests carried out by this method implied the need to redesign some vehicle types which failed this test during development.", "(c)Uniform provisions concerning the approval of compression ignition (C.I.) engines to be installed in agricultural and forestry tractors with regard to emission of pollutants by the engine", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.637; Informal Document No. 7 of Annex 1 to this report", "53. The Working Party considered the Draft Regulation (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.637) and decided to adopt it in principle on the basis of the existing English version of the document.", "54. Considering the request by CEMA for derogation of the particulates emission limit for category of engines with net power 37 < P (kW) < 75 (para. 5.2.1. of the Draft Regulation), the Working Party agreed that no satisfactory justification had been received and decided not to grant this derogation.", "55. The Working Party considered also the proposal by the expert from CEMA (Informal Document No. 7) to introduce into the text of the Draft Regulation a provision ensuring that the effective dates for limits specified in paragraph 5.2.1. of the Draft Regulation shall be staggered for the three power categories with no less than one year spacing each, based on the date of engine construction, and starting from the highest power category. The Working Party pointed out, however, that within the 1958 Agreement system the dates indicated are related to type approval dates only, and the dates and conditions of application of a new Regulation will be subject to national decisions by the Contracting Parties to the Regulation. In this respect it was noted that for the Member States of the EC it had been foreseen that the Draft Regulation shall apply as follows:", "Power category (kW) New type approvals All new tractors", "P > 130 1 October 1996 1 October 1997", "75 < P > 130 1 October 1996 1 October 1997", "37 < P < 75 1 October 1997 1 October 1998", "The Working Party recommended that the same dates should be observed by other Contracting Parties.", "56. The Working Party noted with great interest that the Draft Regulation had been prepared in harmony with proposals under consideration in the United States, where its provisions are to be applied also for the \"non-road mobile machinery,\" and that such extended scope shall also be specified in the Directive which is being prepared in the Commission of the EC and shall also be harmonized with the Draft Regulation.", "1958 AGREEMENT", "(a)Status of the annexed Regulations", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/343/Rev.1/Amend.1; Informal Document No. 1 of Annex 1 to this report", "57. The Working Party noted the information reflected in document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/343/Rev.1/Amend.1 with amendments updating the information to 8 October 1993 (Informal Document No. 1).", "58. The following additional information to the document was given by the secretariat:", "Item 4 (page 4 of the document):", "For Regulation No. 1 (Supplement 4 to the 01 series of amendments), amend the date of application to read \"[14 February 1994]\".", "For Regulation No. 16 (Corrigendum 2 to Revision 3), a clarification is being sought with the Legal Office in New York. The indicated date of application (16 October 1992) conforms to the \"General decision of the Working Party on Immediate Application of Corrigenda\" (TRANS/SC1/WP29/365, para. 87), but it had not been mentioned in Depository Notification C.N. 215.1993.TREATIES-10 of 29 August 1993.", "For Regulation No. 67 (Supplement 1 to the original version), amend the date of application to read \"[9 February 1994]\".", "The attention of the Working Party was also drawn to the new Regulation No. 92, \"Replacement silencing systems for motor cycles\", entering into force for Italy and Spain on 1 November 1993 (item 2 of the document). The secretariat also informed the Working Party that the Depository Notifications for the succession to the Agreement by the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic are still being awaited.", "59. The advance information received from the Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Gosstandart) was noted that the Test Centre for Automobile Units and Components had been accredited as a Technical Service for UN/ECE Regulations Nos. 13, 24, 26, 49, 51, 55, 59, 61, 83, 84, 85 and 90.", "(b)Report on the situation of forthcoming Regulations and/or amendments", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.642", "60. The document was noted. The Working Party was also informed by the secretariat that the communication by the Netherlands of a new Draft Regulation on Front Underrun Protection had been received in Geneva on 29 September 1993 and transmitted to the UN Secretary-General on 5 October 1993, together with the communication by the United Kingdom (received on 2 July 1993). Preliminary information was also given that", "Supplement 5 to the 04 series of amendments to Regulation No. 8 shall enter into force on [9 February 1994].", "OTHER BUSINESS", "(a)Application of UN/ECE Regulations to Electric Vehicles", "Documentation: Informal Document No. 5 of Annex 1 to this report", "61. The Working Party examined the proposal made by France, recalling also the former proposal by the United Kingdom and contributions by Italy and ISO (TRANS/SC1/WP29/R.178 and Add.1 and Add.2). It was agreed that the matter shall be considered by all the Meetings of Experts and that their comments shall be examined at the one-hundred-and-second session of the Working Party to ensure that, in the first stage, vehicles of categories M1 and N1 with electric power units will be included in the scope of relevant UN/ECE Regulations.", "(b)Computerization of documents", "Documentation: Informal Document No. 2 of Annex 1 to this report", "62. The Working Party was informed by the secretariat on the progress in this project since the one-hundredth session (Informal Document No. 2). Information was also given on the system of document storage on optical disks, being used by the UN Publishing Service for archiving, retrieval and electronic distribution of documents.", "63. The representative of the Netherlands confirmed to the Working Party that an electronic mail through ITU/DOC system had been successfully tested. He said, however, that, in his opinion, the modification of the system which had been made by ITU (International Telecommunication Union) after the first successful test appeared to be less user-friendly than the original version.", "64. The representative of the United Kingdom indicated his readiness to continue testing, requesting the secretariat that the system be made operational as soon as possible, with less emphasis on format requirements and more to the effectiveness of work.", "(c)Working Party on the Construction of Vehicles - Its Role in the International Perspective", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.628; Informal Document No. 12 of Annex 1 to this report", "65. The Working Party was informed by the secretariat that a French version of the draft publication had not yet been published and agreed with the proposal of the Administrative Committee (see para. 6) that an editorial committee would check the text before publication, not requiring further consideration of the document which had already in principle been approved by the Working Party at its one-hundredth session (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 29).", "66. The Working Party agreed also to introduce into the document (Part 3, Section 1) an additional text prepared by its Honorary Chairman, Mr. G. Pocci (Informal Document No. 12). Some editorial corrections of this informal document were noted, including the deletion of the fifth subparagraph. The secretariat was requested to introduce the approved text into the draft publication.", "(d)Power-weight ratio of road vehicles", "67. The representative of Finland recalled the consideration of the matter by the Working Party at its ninety-seventh session (TRANS/SC1/WP29/353, paras. 68-70) and the position of the Inland Transport Committee on this item at its fifty-fifth session (ECE/TRANS/97, para. 65). He indicated that the ECMT (European Conference of Ministers of Transport) continued to study the issue with respect to its environmental, energy and safety consequences and intended to transmit its results for consideration by the Working Party at its next session.", "ADOPTION OF THE REPORT", "68. The Working Party adopted the report together with the annexes at its one-hundred-and-first session.", "__________", "Annex 1", "LIST OF INFORMAL DOCUMENTS DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT SYMBOL", "DURING THE ONE-HUNDRED-AND-FIRST SESSION", "No. Transmitted Agenda Language Title", "by item", "1. Secretariat 7.1 EStatus of the Agreement, of the annexed Regulations and of amendments thereto", "2. Secretariat 8.2 EComputerization of Documents, Electronic Data Interchange", "3. GRSP 4.5 (b) EReport of the informal meeting", "Chairman of experts on passive safety", "(Turin, 20-23 September 1993)", "4. United 3 E Proposal for a Draft Revision of", "Kingdom the 1958 Agreement (Revision 1),", "amendment to Article 7", "5. France 8.1 E/FFrench Proposal Relating to the Technical Regulation Applicable to the Electric Motor Vehicles", "6. Hungary 6 ERevision of the 1958 Agreement,", "Proposals for draft amendments", "7. CEMA E/FCEMA Statement for WP29 Meeting on 12 October 1993 at Geneva", "8. Germany 5.2 EProposal for Draft Amendments to Regulation No. 51 (Noise of M and N categories of vehicles)", "9. Netherlands 5.5 E/FProposed Amendments to the Draft Supplement 5 to the 02 Series of Amendments to Regulation No. 20", "10. Finland, 3 EProposal for a Draft Revision of", "Germany, the 1958 Agreement (Revision 1),", "Italy,additional draft amendments", "CLEPA", "11. Japan 6.1, 6.2 EJapan's Position on the Protection of Vehicle Occupants in the Event of a Frontal Collision and a Lateral Collision", "No. Transmitted Agenda Language Title", "by item", "12. Italy 8.3 FLe Groupe de travail de la construction des véhicules - son role dans la perspective internationale (A inclure dans la partie 3, section 1, du document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.628)", "13. OICA 6.2 EDraft Regulation on Frontal Impact", "14. EC 6.2 EDeclaration of the EC Relating to Frontal Impact", "_________", "Annex 2", "PROPOSAL FOR A DRAFT REVISION OF THE 1958 AGREEMENT", "(Revision 1), document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.615/Rev.1", "ADDITIONAL AMENDMENTS ADOPTED BY THE WORKING PARTY", "Title of the Agreement (new), add at the end a reference to footnote \"/\" and insert a new footnote \"/\" to read:", "\"/Former title of the Agreement: Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at Geneva on 20 March 1958\"", "Article 1, paragraph 1, the last subparagraph, amend to read:", "\"....", "The term \"type approval\" shall include type approval of a vehicle, equipment or parts, with respect to its performance in relation to specific technical requirements.\"", "Article 5, delete the square brackets enclosing the text reading \"send monthly ... in addition\", leaving the text to read (word \"granted\" being deleted):", "\"... send monthly to the competent authorities of the other Contracting Parties a list of the wheeled vehicle, equipment or part approvals which it has refused to grant or withdrawn during that month; in addition, on receiving ....\"", "and in addition, delete the text placed in square brackets reading \"[it shall]\". /", "Article 7, amend to read:", "\"Article 7", "1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, this revised Agreement shall be deemed to enter into force nine months after the date of its transmission by the Secretary-General to all the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement.", "____________", "*/This amendment supersedes the one given in TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 23 and related to Article 5.", "2. This revised Agreement shall be deemed not to enter into force if any objection from the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement is expressed within a period of six months following the date of its transmission to them by the Secretary-General.", "3. For any new Contracting Party acceding to this revised Agreement, this revised Agreement shall enter into force on the sixtieth day after the said country has deposited its instrument of accession.\"", "Article 8, add a new paragraph 3, to read:", "\"[3. As concerns the approvals granted by a Contracting Party which denounces this Agreement, Article 1, paragraph 6 shall apply.]\"", "Article 12, paragraph 1, amend to read:", "\"... the Regulations they will apply. Contracting Parties applying only the most recent amendments shall not be obliged to accept approvals to unamended Regulations. An amendment to the Regulation, after ....\"", "Article 12, paragraph 2, amend the words \"20 per cent\" to read \"one-fifth\".", "Title of Appendix 2, correct to read (French only):", "PROCEDURES DE CONTROLE DE LA CONFORMITE DE PRODUCTION\"", "__________", "Annex 3", "DRAFT SUPPLEMENT 2 TO REGULATION NO. 59", "(Replacement silencing systems)", "AMENDMENTS TO DOCUMENT TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.636", "ADOPTED BY THE WORKING PARTY", "Paragraph 9.2., amend the words \"suitable controls\" to read \"adequate monitoring\".", "Paragraph 9.3.4., amend to read:", "\"9.3.4.analyse the results of each type of product in order to verify and ensure the stability of the product characteristics, making allowance for variation in the industrial production;\"", "Paragraph 9.4.4., amend the word \"paragraph\" to read \"Regulation\".", "Annex 5, paragraph 3, amend the word \"vehicle\" to read \"sample\".", "__________", "Annex 4", "DRAFT SUPPLEMENT 5 TO THE 02 SERIES OF AMENDMENTS", "TO REGULATION NO. 20 (Headlamps H4)", "AMENDMENTS TO DOCUMENT TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632", "ADOPTED BY THE WORKING PARTY", "Paragraph 12.4.3., amend to read:", "\"... approval tests, using the criteria of Annex 7.\"", "Paragraph 12.4.4.,", "Delete the second sentence reading: \"Where the ... be applied.\" and", "add at the end of the last sentence \"and in accordance with the criteria of Annex 7.\"", "Annex 7,", "Amend the title to read:", "\"MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SAMPLING BY AN INSPECTOR\"", "_________" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/389", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Group on", "road transport", "Working Party on the Construction", "of Vehicles", "REPORT OF THE WORKING PARTY ON ITS CENTRAL ONE-SIXTH SESSION", "(12-15 October 1993)", "TABLE OF CONTENTS", "Paragraphs", "PARTICIPATION 1", "ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA 2 - 3", "COORDINATION AND ORGANIZATION OF WORK 4 - 14", "(a)Report of the Management Committee 4 - 13", "(b)Programme of work and priorities 14", "Documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies are distributed in limited form.They shall be communicated only to Governments, specialized agencies, governmental and non-governmental organizations participating in the work of the Committee and its subsidiary bodies;they must not be communicated to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24072 (F)", "TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/389", "page 2", "TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)", "Paragraphs", "REVISION OF THE 1958 AGREEMENT 15 - 19", "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS OF MEETINGSEXPERTS 20 - 28", "(a)Meeting of Experts on General Provisions", "Security Council 20", "(b)Meeting of Experts on Noise 21", "(c)Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety 22 - 24", "(d)Meeting of Experts on Pollution and Energy 25", "(e)Key highlights of recent sessions", "(oral reports of the chairpersons) 26 - 28", "CONSIDERATION OF DRAFT AMENDMENTS TO EXISTING REGULATIONS 29 - 43", "(a)Regulation No. 44 (Child restraint systems) 29 - 31", "(b)Regulation No. 51, 02 series of amendments", "(Noise of M and N categories of vehicles) 32 - 36", "(c)Regulation No. 59, Supplement 2 (Devices", "(replacement exhaust silencer) 37 - 38", "(d)Regulation No. 13 (Braking) 39 - 40", "(e)Regulation No. 20, Supplement 5 to the 02 series", "(H4) projectors 41 - 43", "CONSIDERATION OF NEW DRAFT REGULATIONS 44 - 56", "(a)Uniform provisions concerning the approval", "of Vehicles with regard to the protection of", "occupants in the event of a side impact 44 - 45", "(b)Uniform provisions concerning the approval", "of Vehicles with regard to the protection of", "occupants in the event of a frontal impact 46 - 52", "(c)Uniform provisions concerning the approval", "Of compression ignition engines intended for use in the manufacture of", "agricultural and forestry tractors in that", "concerning emissions of pollutants by the engine 53 - 56", "1958 AGREEMENT 57 - 60", "(a)Status of Regulations annexed to the Agreement 57 - 59", "(b)Report on the status of Regulations and/or Regulations", "future amendments 60", "TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/389", "page 3", "TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)", "Paragraphs", "OTHER MATTERS", "(a) Application of UN/ECE Regulations to vehicles", "Electrical 61", "(b)Computerization of documents 62 - 64", "(c)Working Party on the Construction of Vehicles", "-Its role at the international level 65 - 66", "(d)Power to weight ratio of road vehicles 67", "ADOPTION OF THE REPORT 68", "* * ", "ANNEXES", "Annex 1: List of documents distributed without a symbol during the one-hundred-and-first session", "Annex 2: Proposal for a draft revision of the 1958 Agreement (Revision 1), document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.615/Rev.1", "Additional amendments adopted by the Working Party", "Annex 3: Draft Supplement 2 to Regulation No. 59 (Replacement exhaust silencing systems)", "Amendments to document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.636 adopted by the Working Party", "Annex 4: Draft Supplement 5 to the 02 series of amendments to Regulation No. 20 (H4 headlamps)", "Amendments to document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632 adopted by the Working Party", "TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/389", "page 4", "REPORT", "PARTICIPATION", "1.The Working Party on the Construction of Vehicles held its one-hundred-and-first session from 12 to 15 October 1993 under the chairmanship of Mr. B. Gauvin (France).Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America were represented.Representatives of the European Community (EC) attended the session.Representatives of Japan also participated under paragraph 11 of the Commission ' s terms of reference.The following non-governmental organizations were also represented: International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International Organization of Consumer Unions (OIUC), International Tourism Alliance/International Automobile Federation (AIT/FIA), International Committee for the Technical Inspection of Motor Vehicles (CITA), International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA), International Motorcycle Manufacturers Association (AICM), Liaison Committee for the Construction of Automotive Equipment and Parts (CLEPA), Working Party \"Brussels 1952\" (GTB), European Committee of Associations of Manufacturers of Agricultural Machinism (CEMA) and Federation of European Friction Materials Manufacturers (FEMFM).", "ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA", "2.The Working Party adopted the provisional agenda (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/385) with the amendments recommended by the Administrative Committee (SC.1/WP.29/AC.2) (see paragraph 6 below).", "3.The documents without a symbol distributed during the session are listed in annex 1 to the present report.", "COORDINATION AND ORGANIZATION OF WORK", "(a) Report of the Administrative Committee (SC.1/WP.29/AC.2)", "4.The Administrative Committee held its fifty-third session on 11 October 1993 under the chairmanship of Mr. B. Gauvin (France), with the participation of the representatives of France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the Russian Federation, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.", "5.The session was opened by the Director of the UNECE Transport Division, who reviewed the work of the secretariat and informed the Administrative Committee of the restrictions imposed on publishing and interpretation services due to the financial crisis in the United Nations.", "6.The Administrative Committee recommended that the following items be added to the provisional agenda for the one-hundred-and-first session of the Working Party:", "4.5 (b)Informal Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety (Turin, 20-23 September 1993)", "Regulation No. 13 (Braking) TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/643", "Regulation No. 20 (H4 headlamps) TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/632", "8.3. Working Party on the Construction of Vehicles -Its international role TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.628", "With regard to item 8.3, however, participants noted that the French version of the draft was not available and recommended that a drafting group review it so as not to delay publication.", "7.During the review of the draft revision of the 1958 Agreement, the Administrative Committee recommended the following programme of action:", "(i) The Working Group should consider the text for adoption \"in principle\";", "(ii) Once adopted, the text should be transmitted to the Inland Transport Committee for consideration at its fifty-sixth session (17-21 January 1994);", "(iii) The secretariat should seek legal advice from the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs on the text, and Contracting Parties should do so with their legal services;", "(iv) The secretariat should prepare a synthesis of the legal comments/amendments to be considered by the Working Party at its one-hundred-and-second session;", "(v) The Working Party is expected to consider the text for final adoption at its one-hundred-and-second session (8-11 March 1994);", "(vi) Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement should transmit their amendments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "8.It was envisaged that this procedure would not only allow for legal corrections to the text of the amendments, but would give countries that are not Parties to the 1958 Agreement more time to review their position and/or to submit possible new amendments to facilitate their accession to the Agreement.", "9.The Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety informed the Administrative Committee about the work of the informal meeting held in Turin from 20 to 23 September 1993 (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, paras. 60 and 69) and noted that, while the draft Regulation on frontal shocks (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.638) had been generally agreed, several issues still needed to be considered by the Working Party on the draft Regulation on side impact (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.640).", "10.The Meeting noted with appreciation the information provided by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Pollution and Energy on the finalization of the draft regulations on agricultural tractors.The Administrative Committee recommended that the Working Party adopt this draft Regulation only in principle, as the French and Russian versions (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.637) had not yet been published.", "11.The Administrative Committee considered the proposal by France that UN/ECE Regulations should apply to electric vehicles (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 20) and recommended that it be submitted for comments to all the Expert Meetings, which should submit their comments in time for consideration by the Working Party at its one-hundred-and-second session.", "12.The Administrative Committee also reviewed the programme of work of the Working Party and its Meetings of Experts and recommended its adoption, with modifications (see paragraph 14 below).", "13.The Working Party took note of the report of the Administrative Committee on its fifty-third session and adopted its recommendations (paras. 4-12 above).", "(b)Programme of work and priorities", "Document: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.639", "14.Following the recommendation of the Administrative Committee, the Working Party considered and adopted the document containing its programme of work, with the following modifications or corrections:", "Item 4.1., add the following:", "\"Regulation No. 55 (Mechanical coupling parts) ... priority C\"", "Item 5.1., in \"Regulations Nos. 22 and 25\", replace (three times) \"GRRF/\" with \"GRSP/\".", "REVISION OF THE 1958 AGREEMENT", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.615/Rev.1 and informal documents Nos. 4, 6 and 10 of annex 1 to this report", "15.Having taken note of the recommendations of the Management Committee and", "Recalling that it had considered this question at its one-hundredth session,", "(TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, paras. 23-28), the Working Party adopted the document with the additional amendments based on informal documents Nos. 4, 6 and 10 and reproduced in annex 2 to this report.In particular, the Working Group adopted the proposal of the representative of Hungary that the new title of the Agreement should contain a reference to its former wording (see annex 2 to this report).", "16.The Working Party welcomed the confirmation by the representative of the European Community that, with the amendments to articles 5 and 7 of the revised Agreement (see annex 2 to this report), the text would be fully acceptable and considered open to accession by the European Community as a regional economic integration organization and that only legal corrections should be expected.", "17.The representatives of the United States informed the Working Group that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) would be jointly mandated to define their Government's position on the revised 1958 Agreement.To do so, they should consult with the Ministries of Energy, Trade, Foreign Affairs, Transport and the United States Foreign Trade Representative.This complex process caused some delays, but the mandate should be given within a month, which would allow for the official position of the United States Government to be defined for consideration by the Working Group at its next session.A briefing note on the review by the United States of the revised Agreement would also be published in the Federal Register within the same time frame, so that other interested parties could also make their views known.", "18.The representatives of the United States expressed their full understanding that Europe was committed to maintaining the certification system under the revised Agreement and therefore did not intend to recommend any amendments.", "19.The Working Party decided to complete the draft at its next session, once the legal changes were incorporated.It was agreed that if communications from countries not Parties to the 1958 Agreement were not timely, the draft revision would be adopted only as the first phase of the draft.", "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS OF EXPERTS MEETINGS", "(a)Meeting of Experts on General Safety Provisions", "(Sixty-fourth session, 5-8 April 1993)", "Document: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRSG/43", "20.Recalling the oral presentation by the Chairman of the results of the sixty-fourth session (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 33), the Working Party approved the report.", "(b)Meeting of Experts on Noise", "(Twentieth session, 17-19 May 1993)", "Document: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRB/18", "21.Recalling the oral presentation by the Chairman of the results of the twentieth session (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, paras. 34 and 35), the Working Party approved the report.", "(c)Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety", "(Thirteenth session, 1-4 June 1993)", "Document: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRSP/13", "22.The Chairman of the Meeting of Experts recalled that he had presented the discussions of the thirteenth session orally at the one-hundredth session of the Working Party (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para. 36), but reiterated his main findings, including the new draft regulations on frontal and side impact, which were on the agenda of the current session of the Working Party.He also provided additional information on the status of consideration of the main sets of amendments to Regulations Nos. 22 and 44.", "23.The Working Party approved the report of the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety on its thirteenth session and evaluated progress made on the various headings of the programme of work.", "24.Particular importance was given to the early completion of work on amendments to Regulations Nos. 22 and 44, and the Working Party authorized the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts to expedite the process by organizing informal meetings on both issues in the event that the Meeting of Experts would not be able to conclude its deliberations at its fourteenth session (29 November-2 December 1993).The Working Party stressed that the sets of amendments to these Regulations should be transmitted to the Working Party for consideration at its one-hundred-and-second session, in March 1994.", "(d)Meeting of Experts on Pollution and Energy", "(Twenty-sixth session, 6-8 July 1993)", "Document: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRPE/26", "25.The Working Party took note of the information provided by the Chairman of the Expert Meeting on issues that had been considered at its twenty-sixth session, and endorsed the report of the Expert Meeting.Particular attention was paid to the draft regulation on emissions from agricultural tractors, which had been completed and transmitted to the Working Party at the present session.", "(e) Key highlights of recent sessions (oral reports of the chairpersons)", "(i)Meeting of Experts on Brakes and Running Gear", "(Thirty-third session, 30 August-3 September 1993)", "26.The Chairman of the Meeting of Experts introduced the discussions of the session, indicating the items on which the work would continue (electronic control of braking systems, extension of Regulations Nos. 13, 13-H and 90, new draft Regulation on short-knit trailers) and the items on which the technical work had been completed (08 series of amendments to Regulation No. 13 and amendments to Regulations Nos. 30, 54, 75 and 78).He requested instructions from the Working Party to resolve the issue of the stability test of heavy goods vehicles equipped with auxiliary steering equipment, in accordance with Regulation No. 79.", "27.Information was also provided on the consideration of issues related to the handling and stability of light off-road vehicles and heavy goods vehicles.While the interest of the various parties in this issue continued to show that it might be possible to develop a regulation for light vehicles, the issue had proved to be more complex for heavy vehicles and coaches, and the Meeting of Experts had decided, with regard to both types of vehicles, to monitor the progress of ISO work, which was currently studying a test method for their development.The Working Party agreed with this methodology and requested the Meeting of Experts to leave the issue of vehicle handling and stability on its programme of work, with a priority \"C\".", "(ii)Informal Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety", "(Turin, 20-23 September 1993)", "Document: Informal document No. 3 of annex 1 to this report", "28.The summary of the meeting was provided by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety, who confirmed the information given to the Administrative Committee (see paragraph 9 above) and described in detail the technical problems that remained to be resolved with regard to the draft Regulation on side impact.He informed the Working Party that the outstanding issues would be considered by the Meeting of Experts at its fourteenth session (29 November-2 December 1993).He also indicated that at the same session, the Working Party could consider a proposal by Germany to amend the anti-slip devices installed on the stop for frontal impact tests.", "CONSIDERATION OF DRAFT AMENDMENTS TO EXISTING REGULATIONS", "(a)Regulation No. 44 (Child restraint systems)", "Document: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.641", "29.The Working Party was informed by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts that the amendments contained in the above-mentioned document, originally proposed to supplement the 02 series of amendments, should be inserted into the 03 series of amendments and therefore be supplemented by a proposal for transitional provisions.", "30.In view of the change in the status of this document, the Working Party agreed to defer consideration of this document to its next session, for which a set of amendments to Regulation No. 44 would be prepared (see paragraph 24 above).", "31.The expert from IUAC said that he regretted the delay and urged the Working Group to ensure that it did not happen again.", "(b)Regulation No. 51, 02 series of amendments", "(Noise of M and N categories of vehicles)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.635; informal document No. 8 of Annex 1 to this report", "32.The Working Party considered the proposal for the draft 02 series of amendments to Regulation No. 51, taking note of the statement by the representative of the European Community that this proposal was in full harmonization with Directive 70/157/EEC, as amended by Directive 92/97/EEC, taking into account the proposed transitional provisions (informal document No. 8).It also noted that the Directive would become mandatory for the Member States of the Community in respect of the", "concerns new type approvals as from 1 October 1995 and newly registered vehicles as from 1 October 1996.", "33.The representatives of Romania and the Russian Federation expressed support for this proposal, which would result in considerable noise reductions, but requested additional time to consult their Administrations on the proposed transitional provisions.", "34.In view of the position of the representatives of these two countries, Contracting Parties to Regulation No. 51, the Working Party adopted in principle the proposal for draft 02 series of amendments only with regard to its technical content, referring to its one-hundred-and-second session in March 1994 the formal consideration of this question.The secretariat was, however, allowed to continue the amendment procedure if the official agreement between Romania and the Russian Federation on the proposed transitional arrangements reached before the next session of the Working Party.The representative of Germany said that, should the document be adopted by the Working Group at its next session, he would propose to his Government that it be transmitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "35.The expert from OICA raised the issue of the test track specifications in annex 8 to document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.635, highlighting the resulting constraints for the profession and certain technical services if these specifications were imposed in their entirety.OICA therefore recommended that the part of the specifications for the construction of the test surface be mentioned only as an example to meet the performance requirements.Given the understanding that the Commission of the European Communities was continuing its consideration of this issue, the expert from OICA suggested that the Working Party should resume its consideration of this issue at its next session, in the light of any conclusions reached by the European Community.", "36.A formal correction to this document was reported to the secretariat (English version only):", "Paragraph 6.2.2.2.3., replace \"61 km\" with \"61 km/h\".", "(c)Regulation No. 59, Supplement 2", "(Replacement exhaust silencing systems)", "Document: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.636", "37.The Working Party considered and adopted the document to harmonize the conformity of production checks of Regulation No. 59 with those of Directive 70/157/EEC (amended by Directive 92/97/EEC) of the European Community, taking into account the editorial changes set out in Annex 3 to this report.", "38.The representative of the United Kingdom informed the meeting that he would propose to his Government that draft Supplement 2 to Regulation No. 59 be transmitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "(d) Regulation No. 13 (Braking)", "Document: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.643", "39.The Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Brakes and Running Gear informed the Working Party that transitional provisions for the 08 series of amendments to the Regulation could not be proposed until they were harmonized with those of the corresponding European Community Directive.The Working Party therefore decided to defer consideration of this issue to its one-hundred-and-second session.", "40.However, the Working Party confirmed the decision of the Meeting of Experts to await the inclusion of the 08 series of amendments in order to issue Revision 3 of Regulation No. 13 (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/GRRF/32, para. 18).", "(e) Regulation No. 20, Supplement 5 to the 02 series of amendments (H4 headlamps)", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632; informal document No. 9 of Annex 1 to this report", "41.The expert from Italy informed the Working Party that a proposal contained in informal document No. 9 and prepared in collaboration with the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Lighting and Light-Signalling would enable his Government to withdraw the reservation made by Italy during the one-hundredth session of the Working Party (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, paras. 37 and 38).", "42.Having considered the compromise proposal, the Working Party adopted document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632, as amended by informal document No. 9 (for the text, see annex 4 to this report).", "43.The representative of the Netherlands said that he would propose to his Government that draft Supplement 5 to the 02 series of amendments to Regulation No. 20 be transmitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "CONSIDERATION OF NEW DRAFT REGULATIONS", "(a) Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the protection of occupants in the event of side impact", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.640; informal document No. 11 of Annex 1 to this report", "44.The Working Party noted that several technical issues relating to the draft regulations had not yet been resolved despite the efforts of the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety during its formal and informal sessions.Pending progress at the fourteenth session of the Meeting of Experts, the Working Party deferred consideration of the draft regulations to its next session.", "45.The representative of Japan drew the attention of the Working Party to informal document No. 11 and requested that the date of application (1 October 1995) of the new draft Regulation be postponed to allow for the modification of the design and test of the vehicle, which had been delayed due to the late delivery of EUROSID-1 mannequins.", "(b) Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the protection of occupants in the event of a frontal impact", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.638; informal documents Nos. 11, 13 and 14 of annex 1 to this report", "46.The Working Party considered and adopted the draft Regulation.The representatives of Germany and France indicated that they would propose to their Governments that the draft regulations be forwarded to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "47.The representative of the European Community welcomed the adoption of the new Regulation (informal document No. 14) by the Working Party and recalled that the Member States of the Community were in favour of a two-phase application: during the first phase, the Regulation would become compulsory in the Community for new vehicle types as from 1 October 1995.He invited other signatories to the Regulations not to set an earlier date for mandatory application.The second phase, which would provide for the application of the new vehicle types on 1 October 1998, should be based on the test with a deformable offset stop and the biomechanical protection criteria currently being developed by the European Experimental Vehicle Committee (EVEC).The Community invited the Working Party to continue its work in this area and to amend the Regulations in due course in order to comply with the above-mentioned date.", "48.The Working Party took note of the position of the European Community and, taking into account the date of 1 October 1995 proposed by its member States for the application of the first phase and the definition of the vehicle type in paragraph 2.6. of the draft Regulation, recommended to Contracting Parties which were considering applying the Regulation after its entry into force that these requirements (informal document No. 13):", "(a)Do not become compulsory for type approvals until 1 October 1995;", "(b)Be applied to new vehicle types based on the important elements of the vehicle structure that influence compliance with the Regulations;", "(c)Not applied to vehicle types approved under Regulation No. 12 before 1 October 1995 or to their variants to which such approval would subsequently be extended.", "49.The expert from OICA said that the text of the draft Regulation contained some minor drafting errors that would be reported to the secretariat for correction in the final document.", "50.The representative of the United States reiterated the view expressed during the consideration of the issue by the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety that FMVSS-208 (test 0 from 30 mph) resulted in the construction of a vehicle that also met the test prescribed by the new Regulation and was therefore another acceptable formula.He further noted that this procedure was already in use or was soon to be used in Australia, Canada, Japan and the United States of America.The representative of Japan, a country with a modified J208 procedure (informal document No. 11), made a similar statement.", "51.The expert from IUAC urged the Working Party and the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety to continue their work on the second phase of the draft Regulation on frontal shocks and echoed the wish of consumers for enhanced safety.", "52.In considering the above interventions, the Working Party accepted the rationale provided by the Chairman of the Meeting of Experts on Passive Safety and approved the introduction of biomechanical criteria for assessing safety in the event of a collision.It was noted that the test method in the draft Regulation was intended to simulate an accident in Europe and that vehicle types that did not meet this test during development should be rethought.", "(c)Uniform provisions concerning the approval of compression-ignition engines for agricultural and forestry tractors, with regard to the emission of pollutants by the engine", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.637; informal document No. 7 of Annex 1 to this report", "53.The Working Party considered the draft Regulation (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.637) and agreed on its adoption in principle, on the basis of the current English version of that document.", "54.Having considered the CEMA exemption for the PM emission limit for the engine category with a net power of 37 ≤ P (kW) < 75 (paragraph 5.2.1. of the draft Regulation), the Working Party considered that it had received no satisfactory justification and decided not to grant this exemption.", "55.The Working Party also considered the proposal by the expert from CEMA (informal document No. 7) to incorporate into the text of the draft Regulation a provision that the actual dates for the application of the limits specified in paragraph 5.2.1. of the draft Regulation would be staggered for the three categories of power and spaced for at least one year according to the date of manufacture of the engines and beginning with the highest power category.However, the Working Party noted that, under the system provided for in the 1958 Agreement, the dates of application would be based solely on the dates of type approval and that the dates and conditions of application of a new Regulation would be decided by the Contracting Parties to the Regulation.In this connection, it was noted that, for the Member States of the European Community, it had been foreseen that the draft Regulation would apply as follows:", "Power category ( kW) New approvalsAll new type tractors", "P ≥ 130 October 1, 1996 October 1, 1997", "75 ≤ P > 130 1 October 1996 1 October 1997", "37 ≤ P < 75 1 October 1997 1 October 1998", "The Working Party recommended that the same dates be applied by other Contracting Parties.", "56.The Working Party noted with great interest that the draft Regulation had been prepared in harmony with the proposals discussed in the United States, where its provisions would also apply to off-road equipment, and that this expanded scope would also be reflected in the Directive being prepared by the European Community Commission and which would also be harmonized with the draft Regulation.", "1958 AGREEMENT", "(a)Status of Regulations annexed to the Agreement", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/343/Rev.1/Amend.1 and informal document No. 1 of annex 1 to this report", "57.The Working Party took note of the information contained in TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/343/Rev.1/Amend.1 and the amendments updating it as at 8 October 1993 (informal document No. 1).", "58.In connection with this document, the secretariat provided the following additional information:", "Section 4 (page 4 of the document):", "For Regulation No. 1 (Supplement 4 to the 01 series of amendments), amend the date of application to read: \"[14 February 1994]\".", "For Regulation No. 16 (revision 2, revision 3), clarification was sought from the New York Office of Legal Affairs.The date of application indicated (16 October 1992) was in accordance with the \"General Decision of the Working Party concerning the immediate application of corrigenda\" (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/365, para. 87), but had not been mentioned in Depositary Notification C.N. 215.1993.TREATIES-10 dated 29 August 1993.", "For Regulation No. 67 (Supplement 1 to the original version), amend the date of application to read: \"[9 February 1994]\".", "The attention of the Working Party was also drawn to the new Regulation No. 92 entitled \"Replacement exhaust systems for motorcycles\" which would enter into force on 1 November 1993 in Italy and Spain (item 2 of the document).The secretariat also informed the Working Party that depositary notifications on the succession of the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic to the Agreement were still pending.", "59.It was noted that the information provided by the Russian Federation Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Approval (Gosstandart) indicates that the Automotive Units and Components Test Centre was approved as a Technical Service for UN/ECE Regulations.Nos. 13, 24, 26, 49, 51, 55, 59, 61, 83, 84, 85 and 90.", "(b)Report on the status of Regulations and/or future amendments", "Document: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.642", "60.The document was noted.The Working Party was also informed by the secretariat that a new draft regulation on pre-casting protection submitted by the Netherlands had arrived in Geneva on 29 September 1993 and had been transmitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 5 October 1993, together with the communication from the United Kingdom (received on 2 July 1993).Preliminary information was also provided that Supplement 5 to the 04 series of amendments to Regulation No. 8 would enter into force on [9 February 1994].", "OTHER MATTERS", "(a) Application of UN/ECE Regulations to electric vehicles", "Document: Informal document No. 5 of annex 1 to this report", "61.The Working Party considered the proposal made by France, not to mention the previous proposal by the United Kingdom and the communications from Italy and ISO (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.178 and Add.1 and 2).It was agreed that this issue would be considered by all the Expert Meetings and that their comments would be submitted to the one-hundred-and-second session of the Working Party, to ensure that, in the first phase, M1 and N1 electric motor vehicles were included in the scope of the relevant UN/ECE Regulations.", "(b)Document computerization", "Document: Informal document No. 2 of annex 1 to this report", "62.The Working Party was informed by the secretariat of the progress of the project since the one hundredth session (informal document No. 2).Information was also provided on the optical disk storage system, which is currently being used by the United Nations Publications Service for the archiving, retrieval and electronic distribution of documents.", "63.The representative of the Netherlands confirmed to the Working Group that an e-mail using the ITU/DOC system had been successfully tested.However, he added that he believed that the system modified by ITU (International Telecommunication Union) after the first successful trial seemed less user-friendly than the original version.", "64.The representative of the United Kingdom said that he was prepared to continue the testing by requesting the secretariat to put the system into operation as soon as possible, but with less emphasis on format issues than on work efficiency.", "(c) Working Group on the Construction of Vehicles - its role at the international level", "Documentation: TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.628; informal document No. 12 of Annex 1 to this report", "65.The Working Party was informed by the secretariat that the French version of the draft publication had not yet been published and, on a proposal from the Administrative Committee (see para. 6), it decided that a drafting committee would verify the text before its publication, since further consideration of the document was not necessary since it had already received the approval in principle of the Working Party at its one-hundredth session (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, para.", "66.The Working Group also decided to include in the document (Part III, section 1) an additional text prepared by its honorary Chairman, Mr. G. Pocci (informal document No. 12).Some editorial corrections to the informal document were noted, including the deletion of the fifth preambular paragraph.The secretariat was requested to incorporate the approved text into the draft publication.", "(d)Power to weight ratio of road vehicles", "67.The representative of Finland recalled the consideration of this question by the Working Party at its ninety-seventh session (TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/353, paras. 68-70) and the position adopted by the Inland Transport Committee on this subject at its fifty-fifth session (ECE/TRANS/97, para.He said that the ECMT (European Conference of Ministers of Transport) was continuing its consideration of this issue from the perspective of its environmental, energy and safety implications and that it was planning to report the results to the Working Party for consideration at its next session.", "ADOPTION OF THE REPORT", "68.The Working Party adopted the report on its one-hundred-and-first session and its annexes.", "-----", "Appendix 1", "LIST OF DOCUMENTS DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT COTE", "FOR THE CENTRAL SESSION", "Item", "No Author the order Language Title", "Agenda", "--- -------------- -------- ------ --------------------------------------", "1.Secretariat 7.1 AStatus of the Agreement, of the annexed Regulations and of amendments thereto", "2.Secretariat 8.2 AComputerization of Documents, Electronic Data Interchange", "3.President 4.5 b) AREPORT OF THE INFORMAL MEETING", "(Turin, 20-23 September 1993)", "4.United Kingdom 3 AProposal for a Draft Revision of the 1958 Agreement (Revision 1), amendment to Article 7", "5.France 8.1 A/FProposal from France concerning technical regulations applicable to electric motor vehicles", "6.Hungary 6 ARevision of the 1958 Agreement, Proposals for draft amendments", "7.CEMA A/FCEMA declaration for the WP.29 meeting, 12 October 1993, Geneva", "8.Germany 5.2 AProposal for Draft Amendments to Regulation No. 51 (Noise of M and N categories of vehicles)", "9.Netherlands 5.5 A/FProposals for amendments to draft Supplement 5 to the 02 series of amendments to Regulation No. 20", "10.Finland, 3 A Proposal for a Draft Revision of", "Germany, the 1958 Agreement (Revision 1),", "Italy, additional draft amendments", "CLEPA", "11.Japan 6.1, 6.2 AJapan's Position on the Protection of Vehicle Occupants in the Event of a Frontal Collision and a Lateral Collision", "Item", "No Author the order Language Title", "Agenda", "--- -------------- -------- ------ -------------------------------------", "12.Italy 8.3 FThe Working Party on the Construction of Vehicles ‐ its role in the international perspective (to be included in part 3, section 1, of document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.628)", "13.OICA 6.2 ADAft Regulation on Frontal Impact", "14.EC 6.2 AD Declaration of the EC Relating to Frontal Impact", "-----", "Appendix 2", "PROPOSAL FOR DRAFT REVISION OF THE 1958 AGREEMENT", "(Revision 1), document TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.615/Rev.1", "ADDITIONAL AMENDMENTS ADOPTED BY THE WORKING GROUP", "Title of the Agreement (new), at the end, add a reference to footnote \"/\" and insert a new footnote reading:", "\"/Former title of the Agreement: Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at Geneva on 20 March 1958\"", "Article 1(1), last subparagraph, amend to read:", "\"...", "The term 'type approval' includes the type approval of a vehicle, equipment or part in terms of its performance, taking into account the specific technical criteria.\"", "Article 5, delete the square brackets surrounding the words \"send each month ... in addition\", leaving the following wording (the word \"allow\" being deleted):", "\"... shall send to the competent authorities of the other Contracting Parties a list of approvals of wheeled vehicles, equipment or parts which it has refused to grant or withdrawn during the month in question, in addition, when they have received...\"", "and, on the other hand, delete the following words in square brackets in the English version [\"it shall\"] /.", "Rule 7, amend the text to read:", "\"Article 7", "1.Subject to paragraph 2 of this Article, this revised Agreement shall be deemed to enter into force nine months after the date of its transmission by the Secretary-General to all Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement.", "2.This revised Agreement shall be deemed not to have entered into force if any objection by the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement is expressed within six months of the date on which it was transmitted by the Secretary-General.", "_________________________", "*/ This amendment supersedes the amendment in TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/384, paragraph 23, concerning Article 5.", "3.For any new Contracting Party acceding to it, this revised Agreement shall enter into force on the sixtieth day following the deposit of the instrument of accession of that Party.\"", "Article 8, add a new paragraph 3 to read as follows:", "\"[3.With regard to approvals granted by a Contracting Party which denounces this Agreement, Article 1, paragraph 6, shall apply.]\"", "Article 12(1), amend the text to read:", "\"... which variants they will apply.Contracting Parties applying only the most recent amendments shall not be required to accept approvals under unmodified Regulations.After being arrested, any amendment...\".", "Article 12(2), replace \"20 %\" with \"a fifth\".", "Title of Appendix 2, amend the text to read (French version only):", "\"PRODUCTION CONFORMITY CONTROL PROCEDURES\"", "-----", "Appendix 3", "DRAFT SUPPLEMENT 2 TO REGULATION No. 59", "(Replacement exhaust silencing systems)", "AMENDMENTS TO DOCUMENT TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.636", "ADOPTED BY THE WORKING GROUP", "Paragraph 9.2., replace \"appropriate production controls shall be carried out\" with \"adequate production monitoring shall be carried out\".", "Paragraph 9.3.4., amend to read:", "\"9.3.4. analyse the results obtained for each product type in order to verify and ensure the stability of the characteristics of the products in view of the variations inherent in industrial production;\"", "Paragraph 9.4.4., replace the word \"paragraph\" with \"Regulation\".", "Annex 5, paragraph 3., replace the words \"the vehicle\" with the words \"the sample\".", "-----", "Appendix 4", "SUPPLEMENT 5 TO THE 02 SERIES OF AMENDMENTS", "OF REGULATION No. 20 (H4 PROJECTOR)", "AMENDMENTS TO DOCUMENT TRANS/SC.1/WP.29/R.632", "ADOPTED BY THE WORKING GROUP", "Paragraph 12.4.3., amend to read:", "\"... type approval, using the criteria of Annex 7.\"", "Paragraph 12.4.4.", "Delete the second sentence, \"If ... are applied.\" and add at the end of the last sentence: \"and in accordance with the criteria in Annex 7.\"", "Annex 7, amend the title to read:", "\"Minimum requirements concerning the performance of an inspector\"", "-----" ]	"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"
"lWJFsHk4rrKuZdDByHcj6ykeyFiyQ8qoBd93QXt9J7w="	en	fr	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/SC.1/R.241/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on Road Transport", "(Eighty-seventh session, 8-10 November 1993,", "agenda item 3 (a))", "AMENDMENTS TO ANNEX I TO THE EUROPEAN AGREEMENT", "ON MAIN INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC ARTERIES (AGR)", "Transmitted by the Government of Poland", "Note: Article 8 of the European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries (AGR) states, that \"Upon the request of a Contracting Party, any amendment proposed by it to Annex I to this Agreement shall be considered in the Working Party on Road Transport of the Economic Commission for Europe.\"", "Under this procedure, the Government of Poland has requested that the following amendments should be made to Annex I.", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the Committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24068", "PROPOSED AMENDMENTS:", "A. Main roads", "(2) North-south orientation", "(b) Intermediate roads", "1. Road E 67 (extension from Helsinki to Warszawa)", "New overall reference:", "E 67 Helsinki - Tallinn - Riga - Kaunas - Suwalki - Warszawa -", "Piotrków Tryb. - Wroclaw - ... ... - Praha", "B. Branch, link and connecting roads", "2. E 372 (new link)", "Overall reference:", "E 372 Warszawa - Lublin - Zamosc - Tomaszów Lubelski -", "Hrebenne - Rava Ruskaia - Lvov", "3. E 373 (new link)", "Overall reference:", "E 373 Lublin - Chelm - Dorohusk - Kovel - Rovno", "_____________" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/SC.1/R.241/Add.4", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "Original : ANGLAIS", "COMITE DES TRANSPORTS INTERIEURS", "Groupe de travail principal", "des transports routiers", "(Quatre-vingt-septième session,", "8-10 novembre 1993,", "point 3 a) de l'ordre du jour)", "AMENDEMENTS A L'ANNEXE I DE L'ACCORD EUROPEEN SUR LES GRANDES ROUTES", "DE TRAFIC INTERNATIONAL (AGR)", "Transmis par le Gouvernement de la Pologne", "Note : L'article 8 de l'Accord européen sur les grandes routes de trafic international (AGR) stipule que \"Sur la demande d'une Partie contractante, tout amendement proposé par cette Partie à l'annexe I au présent Accord sera examiné par le Groupe de travail des transports routiers de la Commission économique pour l'Europe\".", "En application de cette procédure, le Gouvernement polonais a demandé que les amendements suivants soient apportés à l'annexe I.", "La distribution des documents établis sous les auspices ou à la demande de l'Organe exécutif de la Convention sur la pollution atmosphérique transfrontière à longue distance est RESTREINTE et réservée aux gouvernements et organisations qui participent aux travaux de l'Organe exécutif. Les documents ne doivent pas être communiqués aux journaux ou revues, à moins que la RESTRICTION n'ait été LEVEE par l'Organe exécutif.", "GE.93-24069 (F)", "AMEMDEMENTS PROPOSES :", "A. Routes principales", "(2) Orientation nord-sud", "(b) Routes intermédiaires", "1. Route E 67 (extension d'Helsinki à Warszawa)", "Nouvelle référence générale :", "E 67 Helsinki - Tallinn - Riga - Kaunas - Suwalki - Warszawa -", "Piotrków Tryb. - Wroclaw - ... ... - Praha", "B. Routes d'embranchement, de rocade ou de liaison", "2. E 372 (nouvelle rocade)", "Référence générale :", "E 372 Warszawa - Lublin - Zamo__ - Tomaszów Lubelski -", "Hrebenne - Rava Ruskaia - Lvov", "3. E 373 (nouvelle rocade)", "Référence générale :", "E 373 Lublin - Chelm - Dorohusk - Kovel - Rovno", "-----" ]	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/SC.1/R.241/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on Road Transport", "(Eighty-seventh session, 8-10 November 1993,", "agenda item 3 (a))", "AMENDMENTS TO ANNEX I TO THE EUROPEAN AGREEMENT", "ON MAIN INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC ARTERIES (AGR)", "Transmitted by the Government of Poland", "Note: Article 8 of the European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries (AGR) states, that \"Upon the request of a Contracting Party, any amendment proposed by it to Annex I to this Agreement shall be considered in the Working Party on Road Transport of the Economic Commission for Europe.\"", "Under this procedure, the Government of Poland has requested that the following amendments should be made to Annex I.", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the Committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24068", "PROPOSED AMENDMENTS:", "A. Main roads", "(2) North-south orientation", "(b) Intermediate roads", "1. Road E 67 (extension from Helsinki to Warszawa)", "New overall reference:", "E 67 Helsinki - Tallinn - Riga - Kaunas - Suwalki - Warszawa -", "Piotrków Tryb. - Wroclaw - ... ... - Praha", "B. Branch, link and connecting roads", "2. E 372 (new link)", "Overall reference:", "E 372 Warszawa - Lublin - Zamosc - Tomaszów Lubelski -", "Hrebenne - Rava Ruskaia - Lvov", "3. E 373 (new link)", "Overall reference:", "E 373 Lublin - Chelm - Dorohusk - Kovel - Rovno", "_____________" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/SC.1/R.241/Add.4", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Group", "Transport", "(Eighty-seventh session,", "8-10 November 1993,", "Agenda item 3 (a)", "AMENDMENTS TO ANNEX I OF THE EUROPEAN AGREEMENT ON GREAT ROADS", "INTERNATIONAL TRAFIC (AGR)", "Transmitted by the Government of Poland", "Note: Article 8 of the European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries (AGR) states that \"At the request of a Contracting Party, any amendment proposed by that Party to Annex I to this Agreement shall be considered by the Working Party on Road Transport of the Economic Commission for Europe\".", "In accordance with this procedure, the Government of Poland has requested the following amendments to annex I.", "The distribution of documents prepared under the auspices or at the request of the Executive Body for the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution is RETREENTED and reserved for Governments and organizations participating in the work of the Executive Body.Documents should not be made available to newspapers or journals unless RESTRICTION has been LEVELED by the Executive Body.", "GE.93-24069 (F)", "PROPOSED APPROVALS:", "A.Main roads", "(2) North-south orientation", "(b)Intermediate roads", "1.E 67 road (extension from Helsinki to Warszawa)", "New general reference:", "E 67 Helsinki - Tallinn - Riga - Kaunas - Suwalki - Warszawa -", "Piotrków Tryb.- Wroclaw - ... ... - Praha", "B.Branch, ring or link roads", "2.E 372 (new ring road)", "General reference:", "E 372 Warszawa - Lublin - Zamo__ - Tomaszów Lubelski -", "Hrebenne - Rava Ruskaia - Lvov", "3.E 373 (new ring road)", "General reference:", "E 373 Lublin - Chelm - Dorohusk - Kovel - Rovno", "-----" ]	"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"
"al86Jnpr9526rz3G8EQSRKkTvzOA+EKaUYmVn7jkzBM="	en	fr	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/SC.1/R.241/Add.5", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on Road Transport", "(Eighty-seventh session, 8-10 November 1993,", "agenda item 3 (a))", "AMENDMENTS TO ANNEX I TO THE EUROPEAN AGREEMENT", "ON MAIN INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC ARTERIES (AGR)", "Transmitted by the Government of Lithuania", "Note: Article 8 of the European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries (AGR) states, that \"Upon the request of a Contracting Party, any amendment proposed by it to Annex I to this Agreement shall be considered in the Working Party on Road Transport of the Economic Commission for Europe.\"", "Under this procedure, the Government of Lithuania has requested that the following amendments should be made to Annex I.", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the Committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24065", "PROPOSED AMENDMENT:", "B. Branch, link and connecting roads", "1. Road E 271 (new link)", "Overall reference:", "E 271 Klaipeda - Vilnius - Minsk" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/SC.1/R.241/Add.5", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "Original : ANGLAIS", "COMITE DES TRANSPORTS INTERIEURS", "Groupe de travail principal", "des transports routiers", "(Quatre-vingt-septième session,", "8-10 novembre 1993,", "point 3 a) de l'ordre du jour)", "AMENDEMENTS A L'ANNEXE I DE L'ACCORD EUROPEEN SUR LES GRANDES ROUTES", "DE TRAFIC INTERNATIONAL (AGR)", "Transmis par le Gouvernement de la Lituanie", "Note : L'article 8 de l'Accord européen sur les grandes routes de trafic international (AGR) dispose que \"Sur la demande d'une partie contractante, tout amendement proposé par cette Partie à l'annexe I au présent Accord sera examiné par le Groupe de travail des transports routiers de la Commission économique pour l'Europe.\"", "En application de cette procédure, le Gouvernement lituanien a demandé que les amendements suivants soient apportés à l'annexe I.", "La distribution des documents établis sous les auspices ou à la demande de l'Organe exécutif de la Convention sur la pollution atmosphérique transfrontière à longue distance est RESTREINTE et réservée aux gouvernements et organisations qui participent aux travaux de l'Organe exécutif. Les documents ne doivent pas être communiqués aux journaux ou revues, à moins que la RESTRICTION n'ait été LEVEE par l'Organe exécutif.", "GE.93-24066 (F)", "AMEMDEMENT PROPOSE", "B. Routes d'embranchement, de rocade ou de liaison", "1. Route E 271 (nouvelle rocade)", "Référence générale :", "E 271 Klaipeda - Vilnius - Minsk" ]	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/SC.1/R.241/Add.5", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Party on Road Transport", "(Eighty-seventh session, 8-10 November 1993,", "agenda item 3 (a))", "AMENDMENTS TO ANNEX I TO THE EUROPEAN AGREEMENT", "ON MAIN INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC ARTERIES (AGR)", "Transmitted by the Government of Lithuania", "Note: Article 8 of the European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries (AGR) states, that \"Upon the request of a Contracting Party, any amendment proposed by it to Annex I to this Agreement shall be considered in the Working Party on Road Transport of the Economic Commission for Europe.\"", "Under this procedure, the Government of Lithuania has requested that the following amendments should be made to Annex I.", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the Committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24065", "PROPOSED AMENDMENT:", "B. Branch, link and connecting roads", "1. Road E 271 (new link)", "Overall reference:", "E 271 Klaipeda - Vilnius - Minsk" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/SC.1/R.241/Add.5", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "Principal Working Group", "Transport", "(Eighty-seventh session,", "8-10 November 1993,", "Agenda item 3 (a)", "AMENDMENTS TO ANNEX I OF THE EUROPEAN AGREEMENT ON GREAT ROADS", "INTERNATIONAL TRAFIC (AGR)", "Transmitted by the Government of Lithuania", "Note: Article 8 of the European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries (AGR) provides that \"At the request of a Contracting Party, any amendment proposed by that Party to Annex I to this Agreement shall be considered by the Working Party on Road Transport of the Economic Commission for Europe.\"", "In accordance with this procedure, the Government of Lithuania requested the following amendments to annex I.", "The distribution of documents prepared under the auspices or at the request of the Executive Body for the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution is RETREENTED and reserved for Governments and organizations participating in the work of the Executive Body.Documents should not be made available to newspapers or journals unless RESTRICTION has been LEVELED by the Executive Body.", "GE.93-24066 (F)", "PROPOSED APPROVAL", "B.Branch, ring or link roads", "1.Road E 271 (new ring road)", "General reference:", "E 271 Klaipeda - Vilnius - Minsk" ]	"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"
"N+o+jBHhntnUSXw/rIZ42Atqqj3h+74gRD7kKhl0g30="	en	fr	[ "This document positions to the Distribution line; then enter two tabs.", "Please enter this cover page replacing the text give as example omly.", "The conference name must be entered at about line 9.08c.", "If the Document identification is too long, use only one tab.", "If in trouble or in doubt, check with Enrico or Martin.", "If you want to delete this comment: (1) Reveal Codes", "(2) Delete [Comment] RESTRICTED", "TRANS/R.376", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "(Fifty-sixth session, 17-21 January 1994,", "agenda item 6)", "Once the conference name is typed, bypass this comment using the down arrow.", "The Document identification number must be put at about line 25.17.", "If you have headers the first line appears to 3.12 cm.", "The headers are already defined: Header A for even pages / Header B for odd pages. Modify or delete them as required.", "If you want to delete this comment: (1) Reveal Codes;", "(2) delete [comment]", "FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE CONVENING OF A UN/ECE CONFERENCE", "ON TRANSPORT AND THE ENVIRONMENT", "Note by the secretariat ", "In accordance with paragraph 4 of decision G (48), adopted by the Commission at its forty-eighth session, the secretariat has prepared a note on the feasibility of convening a UN/ECE Conference on Transport and the Environment in order to ascertain the views and suggestions of the concerned Principal Subsidiary Bodies (PSBs) on both the substance and procedures for such a conference.", "The note prepared by the secretariat is reproduced below.", "_________", " Prepared on 7 October 1993.", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to Governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the Committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24186", "REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORT AND THE ENVIRONMENT", "1. At its forty‑eighth session the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) adopted two decisions with provisions relating to follow‑up action for the UNCED Agenda 21. In paragraph 9 of decision F (48) on cooperation in the field of environment and sustainable development and in paragraph 4 of decision G (48) on cooperation in the field of transport the Commission:", "\"Accepts the invitation contained in UNCED Agenda 21 to study the feasibility of organizing a regional conference on transport and the environment and requests the Executive Secretary to carry out such a study in cooperation with member States, the European Community and interested organizations, making full use of the expertise and taking into account the views of the Principal Subsidiary Bodies concerned, especially the Inland Transport Committee, the Senior Advisers on Environmental and Water Problems and the Committee on Energy, and to report the results of the study to the Commission well in advance of the forty‑ninth session in order to prepare its further decisions on the matter.\"", "2. As part of the feasibility study called for, the secretariat has written to a number of international organizations in order to ascertain their interest", "in cooperating in the preparation of such a conference and to have a preliminary indication of relevant work carried out, under way or planned by those organizations. It has written a similar letter to the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) and has expressed its interest in cooperating closely with the CEC and the ECMT secretariat in this study from an early stage. Positive responses have already been received from the OECD, the Council of Europe, UNCTAD, UNEP and UNCHS. The Government of Sweden has also submitted written proposals for the feasibility study.", "3. This Note constitutes the second phase of the feasibility study and is designed to ascertain the views and suggestions of the concerned Principal Subsidiary Bodies (PSBs) primarily on matters of substance for such a conference. It also makes reference to procedural matters which member Governments may wish to take into consideration. The time‑frame set for the study does not allow for consultation with all concerned PSBs at their annual session. The secretariat will therefore consult the following meetings:", "The meeting of Heads of Delegation of the Senior Advisers to ECE Governments on Environmental and Water Problems on 19‑20 October.", "The Bureau of the Conference of European Statisticians at its meeting on 26‑27 October.", "The Committee on Energy at its third session on 9‑11 November.", "The Executive Body for the Convention on Long‑range Transboundary Air Pollution at its meeting on 30 November.", "The Coordination Meeting of the Inland Transport Committee on 2‑3 December.", "The Inland Transport Committee at its fifty‑sixth session on 17‑21 January 1994.", "4. The secretariat will also seek the views of a select group of NGOs and of industry within the framework of the feasibility study.", "5. Taking into account the views and suggestions of the PSBs, member Governments and the European Community, as well as information received from international organizations, the NGO community and industry, the secretariat will report the results of the feasibility study to the Ad Hoc Informal Meeting of the Commission in January 1994 for preliminary discussion. The Executive Secretary will issue a report containing the results of the feasibility study in February, taking into account the views expressed at the Ad Hoc Informal Meeting and any additional information received, for consideration by the Commission at its forty‑ninth session in April 1994.", "Justification for the holding of a regional conference on transport", "and the environment", "6. The impact of transport on the environment is evident and has been the subject of studies and meetings in recent years. Transport is the main consumer of natural resources and is responsible for an important share of CO₂, NOx, VOCs, lead, particulates and SO₂ emissions in the ECE region. A number of policy instruments have been elaborated within the framework of the UN/ECE and other international organizations and institutions to reduce the detrimental effects of transport on the environment. These have focused largely on legislative technical regulations on vehicle‑exhaust emissions. They have, together with national legislation, led to local air‑quality improvements in several ECE countries but their effects on a regional scale still need careful investigation and assessment. More recently, fiscal policy instruments have been added in some European countries resulting in an increased use of lead‑free gas and catalytic converters.", "7. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climatic Change which was opened for signature at the UNCED and which has been signed by more than 156 countries also seeks to stabilize CO₂ emissions at their 1990 level by the year 2000. At the European level specific activities towards sustainable mobility are also envisaged, and proposals to this effect figure prominently in the White and Green Papers issued by the Commission of the European Communities.", "8. The effect of these measures could be undermined by developments in the transport sector, where the increase in the number and engine power of vehicles on European roads and the low cost of fuel has begun to offset the reduction in unit emissions of road vehicles. A substantial increase in emissions attributable to transport operations is forecast. With the opening up of frontiers in Europe and increasing economic and social freedom, mobility is a priority for the people in central and eastern Europe. At the same time there has been a sharp increase in the transport of goods by road in and to and from eastern Europe. Furthermore, deregulation policies in western Europe have led to a reduction in road‑transport costs which will also give rise to a substantial increase in vehicle traffic in Europe.", "9. There is however no lack of ideas as to how to cope with such a situation and how to make transport \"sustainable\". What is often missing is the full public awareness of the gravity of the problems and therefore the political will to implement the appropriate measures. Action at the international level is indispensable, not only because purely national measures, particularly in small countries, do not produce a noticeable change in technological development, but also because pollution and vehicles cross national borders. Harmonization of national transport and environmental policies and practices thus becomes essential, as only concerted action by UN/ECE member countries can make transport activities sustainable. Moreover, the transport industry is a regional or global player and requires common standards for efficient production and operation. For these reasons the conference may also wish to give consideration to all modes of transport rather than limit itself to the three ECE modes of road, rail and inland waterways. If the countries of the ECE region, which are among the main resource consumers and polluters worldwide, are unable or unwilling, with all the available technology, to cope with the fundamental problem of sustainable transport, the countries of other regions cannot be expected to do so. A regional conference on transport and the environment would therefore provide an opportunity for government ministers to adopt and advocate a common policy for sustainable transport in the ECE region which could serve as an example to the rest of the world.", "Key areas for action", "10. There are a number of key areas in which a political affirmation by member Governments would provide strong support for long‑term policy measures aiming at sustainable transport. The following could be considered as elements constituting the key areas for action by such a conference:", "I. Vehicle technology", "Actual and anticipated performance of the internal combustion engine.", "Alternative, cleaner and renewable sources of energy and motor fuels (electric cars).", "Reduction in the fuel consumption of vehicles.", "Exhaust and noise reduction.", "Harmonization of dimensions of loading‑units used for all transport modes.", "II. Traffic management", "Uses for transportation.", "Shift in modal split towards energy‑efficient modes.", "Reduction of transport demand or increase in load factor/occupancy rate.", "Reduction of vehicle movements by abolishing legislative restrictions (cabotage, own‑account traffic, electronic market for cargo).", "Taxation of energy and/or emission (CO₂)", "Road pricing.", "Measures to increase safety of the transport of dangerous goods.", "Reduction of congestion (real‑time information systems).", "Environmental implications of long‑range transit traffic of heavy‑duty vehicles.", "Mobility and tourism.", "Communication and information technologies as alternatives to transport.", "III. Transport infrastructure", "Sustainable transport in residential and urban areas.", "Changing urban development patterns.", "Internalizing the environmental and social costs of transport.", "Investments in better urban mass rapid transport systems.", "Drastic urban traffic and parking restrictions/pedestrian zones.", "Soft transport infrastructure (bicycle paths, pedestrian zones).", "Park‑and‑ride systems.", "Building of better roads around urban areas.", "Investments in rail and inland water infrastructure, where appropriate.", "Combined transport.", "IV.Traffic substitution", "Promotion of environmentally sound alternatives to road transport.", "Pushing electronic media: data highways.", "Electronic work/shopping stations at home.", "Innovative transport technologies.", "Public transport.", "Elements for the agenda of the conference", "11. Taking into account the above‑mentioned key areas of action, the following could be considered as elements of the agenda for such a conference:", "A. Assessment of national and regional environmental risks: the impact of transport on the environment.", "Environmental impact assessment to promote sustainable transport and related infrastructures.", "The need for the integration and coordination of transport, environment, energy and trade policies, strategies and convergence of responsibilities at the national and international level.", "Environmental implications of long‑range transit traffic of heavy‑duty vehicles.", "Need for statistical data and methodologies for the assessment of environmental impact from traffic and transport systems; comparison of traffic management measures encouraging the use of alternative modes to the private car; measurement of the impact of traffic policies for the improvement of the urban environment; methods of estimating environmental damage costs caused by each transport mode; methodologies for measuring the impact of environmental stress from road transport in countries in economic transition; assessment of cost‑effectiveness of design and development of a transport data‑base for reducing the environmental impact of transport.", "B. Measures applied at the national and international levels to reduce the impact of transport on the environment.", "Strategies, policies and measures applied by governments, the European Community and international organizations to reduce environmental and material damage by the transport sector (impact on ecosystems, air and water pollution, congestion, noise, waste from car scrap, tyres, death and injury) and to achieve sustainable transport and traffic safety.", "C. Key areas of action (see para. 10 above).", "D. Enabling Instruments.", "Regulations and national legislation (enforcement measures including institutional framework and inspection and maintenance programmes).", "Economic instruments (fiscal policy, cost‑effective incentives and disincentives).", "Pricing.", "Marketing.", "Innovative technology for reducing emissions from major categories of mobile sources.", "E. Awareness‑raising and public participation.", "F. Financing of measures to reduce the impact of transport on the environment.", "12. If the conference is to address air and maritime transport, as indicated in paragraph 9 above, relevant topics should be included in the agenda in consultation with such organizations as ICAO and IMO.", "Expected product of the conference", "13. To reinforce the wealth of research and technical decisions and regulations in the fields of transport and environmental protection at both the national and the international levels, the time has come for a clear political signal to provide guidance to industry and the public at large (the consumer). With this in view, the conference could adopt a UN/ECE Framework Convention on Transport and the Environment with the emphasis on sustainable transport and enforcement measures as a regional policy signal. In such a legal instrument the concept of sustainable mobility could be defined as a basis for action in all ECE member countries, and concrete measures and/or targets towards the realization of such a concept could be determined. In particular, concrete policy measures could focus on the following:", "Targets on emission levels (air, noise), parameters and a staggered time‑table for implementation.", "Long‑term governmental measures in the fields of transportation means technology, especially vehicle technology.", "Traffic management.", "Transport infrastructure.", "Traffic substitution.", "Monitoring along main transport axes.", "Maintenance and inspection of vehicles in service.", "Basis for research, planning and investment decisions by governments and the private sector (vehicle industry, consumers).", "Interdisciplinary action and cooperative mechanisms at national and international levels.", "Harmonization of approaches and implementation levels for all European countries.", "Measures and assistance for European countries in transition and for countries of other regions to implement sustainable transport policies.", "Urgent need for statistical data.", "Awareness‑raising campaign to ensure public perception of and support for measures to achieve sustainable transport.", "14. Such a framework convention would afford an opportunity to integrate different policies and converging responsibilities. Protocols or annexes could be added to the convention in due course providing for mitigating options and technical control measures. Enforcement mechanisms and compliance monitoring could be provided for within the convention itself.", "15. Should ECE member Governments consider that, in spite of earlier conferences on the subject and available research and experience in many countries, the time is not yet ripe for the adoption of a legally binding instrument on transport and the environment, the conference could alternatively adopt a Regional Programme of Action for future work at the international level on transport and the environment. Such a programme would provide a menu from which each government could select areas of activity to be implemented at the national level.", "Status of the conference", "16. Given the broad nature of the themes to be addressed by the conference, the Commission may wish to decide that it be organized by the UN/ECE in close cooperation with the CEC and the ECMT. This would ensure that it benefits from their combined expertise and experience, including the results of the ECMT Conference on Transport and Environment organized in 1989. If such a conference is to be held, it should build upon the results of past conferences and not duplicate them. Other international organizations, NGOs and industry should contribute to the preparation of the conference, including those active in modes of transport not covered by the UN/ECE (i.e. maritime and air transport).", "Participation", "17. Since the objective of the conference would be to produce a political impulse which would have a lasting impact throughout the region, the participation of government ministers and other senior government officials is a prerequisite. Moreover, the inter‑disciplinary nature of the issues to be discussed by the conference would require the participation of representatives of a range of ministries, including those of transport, environment, energy and industry. The conference would be open to all member States of the UN/ECE and other interested Members of the United Nations, as well as international organizations and institutions, relevant NGOs and representatives of industry.", "Preparatory process", "18. A preparatory intergovernmental committee would be needed to assume responsibility for decisions governing the overall organization and objectives of the conference, its agenda, rules of procedure, participation, date and venue, documentation and funding. The preparatory committee would be serviced by an organizing committee comprising representatives of the secretariat of the international organization(s) or institution(s) designated to organize the conference. The elaboration of a framework convention or a programme of action to be adopted by the conference and the participation of ministers or their senior aides would require careful preparation. A Technical or Scientific Committee would need to be established to elaborate whatever document is expected of the conference.", "Date and place", "19. The conference should be held in the first half of 1996 at a date which does not conflict with other major meetings such as the annual meeting of the ECMT, the next conference of \"Environment for Europe\", conferences of European ministers of transport subsequent to the meeting in Greece in 1994 and the annual sessions of the UN/ECE and its relevant PSBs. It should be scheduled at a date which will allow its conclusions to be submitted to the Review Conference for the Follow‑up to UNCED Agenda 21 in 1997. The conference would be held in Geneva unless a member Government or international organization or institution offered to host it away from Geneva. The Government of Sweden, which formally proposed such a conference, has expressed its readiness to provide a level of financial assistance for the conference if it is held in Sweden, but it is not in a position to assume the full costs of hosting the meeting.", "Costs", "20. If the conference were to be organized as an integral part of the UN/ECE programme of meetings in Geneva, there would be no additional cost for conference services. Were it to be a UN/ECE meeting but hosted away from Geneva, the host government or organization would be required to meet the additional costs, in accordance with United Nations established practice. If the conference were to be organized jointly by UN/ECE and other institutions, it is expected that costs would be shared. Were the conference to be organized outside the UN/ECE framework, its funding would be the responsibility of the host government or organization.", "21. Additional funds would be required to organize meetings of the Preparatory Committee and the Scientific or Technical Committee, as well as meetings of the secretariat Organizing Committee. While much of the substantive preparation for the conference, including technical papers, would be carried out by the secretariat, the expected volume of the documentation would require in‑kind contributions either by member Governments or by consultants financed from voluntary contributions. If the full burden of substantive inputs were to be assigned to the ECE secretariat, preparations for other elements of the Commission's programme of work might need to be rephased.", "Views and suggestions", "22. Government representatives, as well as representatives of international organizations and institutions, NGOs and industry, are invited to submit their views and suggestions on this Note. Responses should be addressed to:", "The Office of the Executive Secretary", "(Reference: FS/TEC)", "UN Economic Commission for Europe", "Palais des Nations", "CH‑1211 Geneva 10.", "Delegations to PSBs and their Bureaux referred to in paragraph 3 above may submit their views and suggestions collectively in the report of the PSB or its Bureau, or individually." ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/R.376", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "Original : ANGLAIS", "COMITE DES TRANSPORTS INTERIEURS", "(Cinquante-sixième session, 17-21 janvier 1994,", "point 6 de l'ordre du jour)", "ETUDE DE FAISABILITE SUR L'ORGANISATION D'UNE CONFERENCE DE LA CEE/ONU", "SUR LES TRANSPORTS ET L'ENVIRONNEMENT", "Note du secrétariat /", "Conformément au paragraphe 4 de la décision G (48), adoptée par la Commission à sa quarante-huitième session, le secrétariat a rédigé une note sur la possibilité d'organiser une conférence de la CEE/ONU sur les transports", "et l'environnement afin de connaître les points de vue et suggestions des organes subsidiaires principaux (OSP) concernés tant sur les thèmes que sur les procédures retenues pour cette conférence.", "La note rédigée par le secrétariat est reproduite ci-après.", "Les documents du Comité des transports intérieurs et de ses organes subsidiaires font l'objet d'une distribution limitée. Ils ne sont communiqués qu'aux gouvernements, aux institutions spécialisées et aux organisations gouvernementales et non gouvernementales qui participent aux travaux du Comité et de ses organes subsidiaires; ils ne doivent être communiqués ni à des journaux ni à des périodiques.", "_________________________", "/ Rédigée le 7 octobre 1993.", "GE.93-24187 (F)", "CONFERENCE REGIONALE SUR LES TRANSPORTS ET L'ENVIRONNEMENT", "1. A sa quarante-huitième session, la Commission économique des Nations Unies pour l'Europe (CEE/ONU) a adopté deux décisions contenant des dispositions faisant suite au programme Action 21 de la CNUED. Au paragraphe 9 de la décision F (48) concernant la coopération dans le domaine de l'environnement et du développement durable et au paragraphe 4 de la décision G (48) sur la coopération dans le domaine des transports, la Commission :", "\"Accepte l'invitation contenue dans le programme Action 21 de la CNUED d'étudier la possibilité d'organiser une conférence régionale sur les transports et l'environnement et prie le Secrétaire exécutif de réaliser cette étude en coopération avec les Etats membres, la Communauté européenne et les organisations intéressées, en utilisant pleinement les connaissances spécialisées et en tenant compte des vues des organes subsidiaires principaux intéressés, en particulier du Comité des transports intérieurs, des Conseillers pour les problèmes de l'environnement et de l'eau et du Comité de l'énergie, et de rendre compte des résultats de l'étude à la Commission suffisamment tôt avant la quarante-neuvième session pour qu'elle puisse préparer ses décisions ultérieures sur cette question.\"", "2. Dans le cadre de l'étude de faisabilité demandée, le secrétariat a écrit à un certain nombre d'organisations internationales afin de savoir dans quelle mesure elles souhaitaient coopérer à la préparation d'une telle conférence, et d'avoir quelques premières indications sur leurs travaux effectués, en cours ou projetés. Il a adressé une lettre dans le même sens à la Commission des Communautés européennes (CCE) et s'est déclaré disposé à coopérer étroitement avec celle-ci et avec le secrétariat de la CEMT dès les premiers stades de l'étude. Des réponses positives ont déjà été reçues de l'OCDE, du Conseil de l'Europe, de la CNUCED, du PNUE et du CNUEH. Le Gouvernement de la Suède a aussi soumis des propositions écrites concernant cette étude.", "3. La présente note, qui constitue la deuxième phase de l'étude a pour objet de déterminer quels sont les points de vue et suggestions des organes subsidiaires principaux concernés, notamment sur les questions de fond devant être débattues à cette conférence. Elle mentionne aussi les questions de procédure que les Etats membres voudront peut-être prendre en considération. Le calendrier fixé pour l'étude ne permet pas de consulter tous les OSP au moment de leur session annuelle. Le secrétariat procédera donc à des consultations à l'occasion des réunions suivantes :", "La Réunion des chefs de délégation et des Conseillers des gouvernements des pays de la CEE pour les problèmes de l'environnement et de l'eau, les 19 et 20 octobre.", "Le Bureau de la Conférence des statisticiens européens, à sa réunion des 26 et 27 octobre.", "Le Comité de l'énergie, à sa troisième session, 9-11 novembre.", "L'Organe exécutif de la Convention sur la pollution atmosphérique transfrontière à longue distance, à sa réunion du 30 novembre.", "La Réunion de coordination du Comité des transports intérieurs, les 2 et 3 décembre.", "Le Comité des transports intérieurs à sa cinquante-sixième session, 17‑21 janvier 1994.", "4. Le secrétariat cherchera aussi à connaître le point de vue d'un groupe restreint représentant les ONG et l'industrie, toujours dans le cadre de l'étude de faisabilité.", "5. Compte tenu des points de vue et suggestions des OSP, des Etats membres et de la Communauté économique européenne, et des renseignements reçus des organisations internationales, de l'ensemble des ONG et de l'industrie, le secrétariat, aux fins de discussions préliminaires, rendra compte des conclusions de l'étude de faisabilité à la réunion informelle spéciale de la Commission économique pour l'Europe, prévue en janvier 1994. Le Secrétaire exécutif publiera un rapport sur ces conclusions en février, compte tenu des opinions exprimées à la réunion informelle susdite et de toute autre information reçue; ce rapport sera examiné par la Commission à sa quarante‑neuvième session en avril 1994.", "Justification d'une conférence régionale sur les transports et l'environnement", "6. L'incidence des transports sur l'environnement n'est plus à démontrer et fait l'objet d'études et de réunions depuis plusieurs années déjà. Les transports sont le principal consommateur de ressources naturelles et sont responsables d'une grande partie des émissions de C02, de NOx, de COV, de plomb, de matières particulaires et de SO2 dans la région de la CEE. Dans le cadre de la CEE/ONU et d'autres organisations et institutions internationales, plusieurs instruments de politique générale ont été élaborés sur la question de la réduction des effets défavorables des transports sur l'environnement. Il s'agit essentiellement de dispositions techniques législatives sur les émissions de gaz d'échappement de véhicules. Elles ont permis, avec la législation nationale déjà en vigueur, d'obtenir des améliorations locales de la qualité de l'air dans plusieurs pays de la CEE, mais leurs effets sur une échelle régionale nécessitent encore des enquêtes et des évaluations attentives. A une date plus récente, certains pays européens ont pris aussi des mesures budgétaires dans le même sens, qui se sont traduites par une utilisation accrue de l'essence sans plomb et des convertisseurs catalytiques.", "7. La Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques, qui a été ouverte à la signature lors de la CNUED et approuvée déjà par plus de 156 pays, s'efforce aussi de stabiliser les émissions de CO2 à leur niveau de 1990 d'ici l'an 2000. L'on envisage aussi au niveau européen des activités visant expressément à concrétiser la notion de mobilité durable; des propositions à cet effet figurent en bonne place dans les documents blancs et verts publiés par la Commission des Communautés européennes.", "8. Les effets de ces mesures pourraient toutefois être compromis par l'évolution du secteur des transports, où l'accroissement du nombre et de la puissance motrice des véhicules sur les routes européennes et la baisse des prix du carburant ont commencé à annuler la réduction des émissions unitaires des véhicules routiers. L'on prévoit une forte augmentation des émissions attribuables aux opérations de transport. Avec l'ouverture des frontières en Europe et une plus grande liberté économique et sociale, la mobilité est une priorité pour les populations d'Europe centrale et orientale. Il s'est produit simultanément une forte augmentation du transport des marchandises par la route à l'intérieur, à destination et en provenance de l'Europe orientale. En outre, les mesures de déréglementation en Europe de l'Ouest ont entraîné une réduction du coût des transports routiers, qui se traduira aussi par un accroissement considérable du nombre de véhicules circulant en Europe.", "9. Les idées ne manquent pas toutefois sur les moyens de redresser une telle situation et de faire des transports une activité \"durable\". Par contre, ce qui fait souvent défaut, c'est une prise de conscience générale de la gravité des problèmes et, par voie de conséquence, la volonté politique d'appliquer les mesures qui s'imposent. Une action au niveau international est indispensable, non seulement parce que les mesures purement nationales, en particulier dans les petits pays, n'apportent aucune modification notable au développement technologique, mais aussi parce que la pollution et les véhicules franchissent les frontières nationales. Il est donc essentiel d'harmoniser les politiques et pratiques nationales en matière de transports et d'environnement, puisque seule une action concertée par les Etats membres de la CEE/ONU peut faire des transports une activité durable. En outre, l'industrie des transports est un acteur régional ou mondial, qui a besoin de normes communes pour s'assurer des résultats et des opérations rentables. Pour ces différentes raisons, la conférence souhaitera peut‑être examiner tous les modes de transport plutôt que de se limiter aux trois modes intéressant la CEE, qui sont la route, le rail et les voies navigables intérieures. Si les pays de cette région, qui sont parmi les principaux consommateurs de ressources et pollueurs dans le monde, ne peuvent ni ne veulent, avec toute la technologie dont ils disposent, s'attaquer au problème fondamental des transports durables, on ne peut s'attendre à ce que les pays d'autres régions le fassent. Une conférence régionale sur les transports et l'environnement fournirait donc aux ministres des gouvernements la possibilité d'adopter et de défendre une politique commune pour les transports durables dans la région de la CEE, qui pourrait servir d'exemple au reste du monde.", "Principaux domaines d'action", "10. Il existe plusieurs domaines d'action primordiaux dans lesquels la détermination politique des Etats membres renforcerait les mesures à long terme visant à créer des activités de transport durables. Les éléments suivants pourraient être considérés comme des domaines prioritaires intéressant la conférence :", "I. Technologie des véhicules", "Rendement effectif et projeté du moteur à combustion interne.", "Sources d'énergie et des carburants automobiles de remplacement, moins polluants et renouvelables (voitures électriques).", "Réduction de la consommation de carburant par les véhicules.", "Réduction des gaz d'échappement et du bruit.", "Harmonisation des dimensions des unités de charge utilisées pour tous les modes de transport.", "II. Gestion du trafic", "Utilisation pour le transport.", "Modification de la répartition modale en faveur de modes consommant moins d'énergie.", "Réduction de la demande de transports ou augmentation du taux facteur de charge/occupation.", "Réduction du mouvement des véhicules par abolition de restrictions législatives (cabotage, trafic pour compte propre, bourse électronique pour le transport des marchandises).", "Taxation de l'énergie et/ou des émissions (CO2).", "Taxation routière au kilomètre.", "Mesures pour accroître la sécurité du transport des marchandises dangereuses.", "Réduction de l'encombrement des routes (systèmes d'information en temps réel).", "Répercussions écologiques de la circulation à grande distance des véhicules lourds.", "Mobilité et tourisme.", "Techniques de communication et d'information comme solutions de rechange au transport.", "III. Infrastructure des transports", "Systèmes de transport durables dans les zones résidentielles et urbaines.", "Modification des tendances du développement urbain.", "Prise en compte du coût écologique et social des transports.", "Investissements consacrés à des systèmes de transport urbain meilleurs et plus rapides.", "Restrictions draconiennes à la circulation et au stationnement dans les villes et création de zones piétonnières.", "Infrastructure douce (pistes cyclables, zones piétonnières).", "Parkings d'échange.", "Construction de meilleures routes contournant les zones urbaines.", "Investissements consacrés à l'infrastructure des chemins de fer et des voies navigables, dans les cas nécessaires.", "Transport combiné.", "IV. Remplacement du trafic", "Promotion de solutions écologiquement rationnelles pour remplacer le transport routier.", "Développement des moyens de transmission électroniques : lignes de transmission principales pour données.", "Postes de travail/d'achat électroniques à domicile.", "Techniques originales de transport.", "Transports publics.", "Eléments d'un ordre du jour de la conférence", "11. Compte tenu des principaux domaines d'action susmentionnés, l'on pourrait envisager les éléments suivants comme points de l'ordre du jour de la conférence :", "A.Evaluation des risques écologiques nationaux et régionaux :", "incidences des transports sur l'environnement", "Evaluation de l'incidence écologique en vue de la création de systèmes de transport durables et des infrastructures correspondantes.", "Nécessité d'intégrer et de coordonner les politiques et stratégies en matière de transport, d'environnement, d'énergie et de commerce, et de faire converger les responsabilités aux niveaux national et international.", "Répercussions écologiques de la circulation à grande distance des véhicules lourds.", "Nécessité de disposer de données et de méthodes statistiques pour l'évaluation de l'incidence écologique de la circulation et des systèmes de transport; comparaison des mesures de gestion du trafic encourageant à utiliser des moyens de transport autres que la voiture particulière; mesure de l'incidence de la politique de circulation, en vue de l'amélioration du milieu urbain; méthodes d'estimation des dommages causés à l'environnement par chaque moyen de transport; méthodes servant à mesurer les pressions écologiques exercées par les transports routiers dans les pays dont l'économie est en transition; étude de rentabilité de la conception et de la réalisation d'une base de données sur les transports devant contribuer à en réduire l'incidence écologique.", "B.Mesures appliquées au niveau national et international afin de", "réduire l'incidence des transports sur l'environnement", "Stratégies, politiques et mesures appliquées par les gouvernements, la Communauté européenne et les organisations internationales dans le but de réduire les dommages écologiques et matériels causés par le secteur des transports (incidence sur les écosystèmes, pollution de l'air et de l'eau, encombrement, bruit, déchets automobiles, pneus, décès et lésions), de réaliser des systèmes de transport durables et d'assurer la sécurité du trafic.", "C.Principaux domaines d'action (voir par. 10 ci‑dessus)", "D. Instruments d'habilitation", "Réglementations et législation nationale (mesures d'application, y compris l'établissement de structures institutionnelles et de programmes d'inspection et d'entretien).", "Instruments économiques (mesures budgétaires, incitations et désincitations à la rentabilité).", "Calcul des prix.", "Commercialisation.", "Techniques originales visant à réduire les émissions provenant des", "principales catégories de sources mobiles.", "E. Sensibilisation et participation du public", "F.Financement des mesures visant à réduire l'incidence des transports", "sur l'environnement.", "12. Si la conférence doit aborder la question des transports aériens et maritimes, possibilité évoquée dans le paragraphe 9 ci‑dessus, il faudra ajouter à l'ordre du jour les points correspondants, en consultation avec des organisations telles que l'OACI et l'OMI.", "Résultats attendus de la conférence", "13. Si l'on veut renforcer la masse des recherches, des décisions techniques et des règlements dans le domaine des transports et de la protection de l'environnement au niveau tant national qu'international, le moment est venu de diffuser un message politique très clair à ce sujet, afin de guider l'industrie et le grand public (les consommateurs). Dans cette perspective, la conférence pourrait adopter une convention‑cadre CEE/ONU sur les transports et l'environnement qui mettrait l'accent, comme indication de la politique régionale à venir, sur les systèmes de transport durables et les mesures d'application. Dans un instrument juridique de ce genre, on pourrait retenir la notion de mobilité durable comme principe d'action à suivre dans tous les pays membres de la CEE et déterminer les mesures concrètes et/ou les objectifs contribuant à donner corps à cette notion. Ces mesures pourraient viser en particulier les domaines suivants :", "Objectifs concernant les niveaux d'émission (atmosphère, bruit) et les paramètres, et calendriers échelonnés d'exécution.", "Mesures gouvernementales à long terme dans le domaine de la technologie des moyens de transport, notamment la technologie des véhicules.", "Gestion du trafic.", "Infrastructures des transports.", "Remplacement du trafic.", "Surveillance le long des grands axes.", "Entretien et inspection des véhicules en service.", "Base des décisions en matière de recherches, de planification ou d'investissements prises par les gouvernements et le secteur privé (industrie des véhicules, consommateurs).", "Action interdisciplinaire et mécanismes coopératifs au niveau national et international.", "Harmonisation des stratégies et des niveaux d'application pour tous les pays européens.", "Mesures et assistance au profit des pays européens en transition et des pays d'autres régions pour la mise en oeuvre de politiques de transport durables.", "Besoin urgent de données statistiques.", "Campagne de sensibilisation pour s'assurer que le public connaisse et appuie les mesures destinées à réaliser des systèmes de transport durables.", "14. Une convention‑cadre de ce genre donnerait la possibilité d'intégrer les différentes politiques et de faire converger les responsabilités. On pourrait y ajouter en temps voulu des protocoles ou des annexes prévoyant des options d'amélioration et des mesures de contrôle technique. Les mécanismes d'application et de surveillance du respect de la convention pourraient être prévus dans le cadre de la convention elle‑même.", "15. Si les gouvernements membres de la CEE estiment que, malgré les conférences précédentes sur la question, les recherches effectuées et l'expérience acquise dans de nombreux pays, l'heure n'est pas encore venue d'adopter un instrument juridiquement obligatoire sur les transports et l'environnement, la conférence pourrait adopter à sa place un programme régional d'action sur ce même thème, prévoyant des travaux au niveau international. Ce programme offrirait une série d'options parmi lesquelles chaque gouvernement choisirait les domaines d'activités où il souhaite intervenir au niveau national.", "Statut de la conférence", "16. En raison de l'étendue des thèmes qu'abordera la conférence, la Commission souhaitera peut‑être décider d'en confier l'organisation à la CEE/ONU en étroite collaboration avec la CCE et la CEMT. L'on pourrait ainsi mettre à profit les avantages découlant de leurs compétences et expérience conjuguées, y compris les résultats de la Conférence européenne des ministres des transports consacrée aux transports et à l'environnement, tenue en 1989. Si cette conférence doit avoir lieu, elle devrait exploiter et dépasser les résultats des conférences précédentes et ne pas en être simplement une répétition. Les autres organisations internationales, les ONG et les secteurs industriels devraient contribuer à sa préparation, y compris ceux qui sont actifs dans des modes de transport qui ne sont pas du domaine de la CEE/ONU (transports maritimes et aériens).", "Participation", "17. Comme l'objectif de la conférence sera de donner une impulsion politique durable à toute la région, la participation des ministres et d'autres hauts fonctionnaires des gouvernements est une condition indispensable à son succès. En outre, la nature pluridisciplinaire des questions à étudier exigera la participation de représentants de toute une gamme de ministères, dont ceux des transports, de l'environnement, de l'énergie et de l'industrie. La conférence serait ouverte à tous les Etats membres de la CEE/ONU et à d'autres Membres intéressés des Nations Unies, de même qu'aux organisations et institutions internationales, aux ONG concernées et aux représentants de l'industrie.", "Processus préparatoire", "18. Il faudrait nommer un comité intergouvernemental préparatoire qui déciderait de l'organisation globale et des objectifs de la conférence, de son ordre du jour, du règlement intérieur, de la participation, de la date et du lieu, de la documentation et du financement. Ce comité serait assisté d'un comité d'organisation composé de représentants du secrétariat de", "l'organisation ou des organisations et institutions internationales désignées pour organiser la conférence. L'élaboration d'une convention‑cadre ou d'un programme d'action qu'adopterait la conférence, et la participation de ministres ou de leurs collaborateurs de haut niveau, exigeront une préparation attentive. Un comité technique ou scientifique devra être créé pour établir les documents que l'on peut attendre de la conférence.", "Date et lieu", "19. La conférence devrait être tenue pendant la première moitié de 1996 à une date qui ne serait pas incompatible avec d'autres grandes réunions telles que la réunion annuelle des ministres européens des transports, la prochaine conférence \"Un environnement pour l'Europe\", les conférences des ministres européens des transports qui suivront la réunion en Grèce en 1994, et les sessions annuelles de la CEE/ONU et de ses OSP concernés. Il conviendrait de fixer une date qui permettra d'en soumettre les conclusions à la Conférence d'examen des mesures faisant suite à Action 21 de la CNUED, qui aura lieu en 1997. La Conférence aurait lieu à Genève à moins qu'un gouvernement ou une organisation internationale n'offre de l'accueillir ailleurs. Le Gouvernement de la Suède, qui a officiellement proposé la tenue de cette conférence, s'est déclaré disposé à fournir un certain montant d'assistance financière si la réunion devait avoir lieu en Suède, mais n'est toutefois pas en mesure d'en assumer entièrement les frais.", "Frais", "20. Si la conférence devait faire partie intégrante du programme de réunions de la CEE/ONU à Genève, il n'y aurait pas de frais additionnels pour les services de conférence. Si elle devait être une réunion de la CEE/ONU, mais tenue en dehors de Genève, le gouvernement ou l'organisation hôte devra prendre à sa charge les coûts supplémentaires, conformément à la pratique établie des Nations Unies. Au cas où elle serait organisée conjointement par la CEE/ONU et d'autres institutions, les frais seraient probablement partagés. Enfin, si la conférence devait être organisée en dehors du cadre de la CEE/ONU, elle serait à la charge du gouvernement ou de l'organisation hôte.", "21. Des fonds supplémentaires seront requis pour couvrir les réunions du Comité préparatoire et du Comité scientifique ou technique, ainsi que les réunions du Comité d'organisation du secrétariat. Bien qu'une grande partie des préparatifs sur les questions de fond, y compris la rédaction des documents techniques, serait confiée au secrétariat, le volume prévisible de la documentation exigerait des contributions en nature, soit des gouvernements membres, soit de consultants rétribués avec des contributions volontaires. Si la charge intégrale des contributions sur les questions de fond devait être assignée au secrétariat de la CEE, cela obligerait peut‑être à rééchelonner les préparatifs concernant d'autres éléments du programme de travail de la Commission.", "Points de vue et suggestions", "22. Les représentants des gouvernements, de même que des organisations et institutions internationales, des ONG et de l'industrie, sont invités à soumettre leurs points de vue et suggestions concernant la présente note. Les réponses doivent être adressées à :", "Bureau du Secrétaire exécutif", "(Référence : FS/TEC)", "Commission économique des Nations Unies pour l'Europe", "Palais des Nations", "CH-1211 Genève 10.", "Les délégations auprès des OSP et de leurs bureaux, mentionnés au paragraphe 3 ci‑dessus, peuvent soumettre leurs points de vue et suggestions collectivement dans le rapport de l'OSP concerné ou de son bureau, ou encore individuellement.", "-----" ]	[ "This document positions to the Distribution line; then enter two tabs.", "Please enter this cover page replacing the text give as example omly.", "The conference name must be entered at about line 9.08c.", "If the Document identification is too long, use only one tab.", "If in trouble or in doubt, check with Enrico or Martin.", "If you want to delete this comment: (1) Reveal Codes", "(2) Delete [Comment] RESTRICTED", "TRANS/R.376", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "(Fifty-sixth session, 17-21 January 1994,", "agenda item 6)", "Once the conference name is typed, bypass this comment using the down arrow.", "The Document identification number must be put at about line 25.17.", "If you have headers the first line appears to 3.12 cm.", "The headers are already defined: Header A for even pages / Header B for odd pages. Modify or delete them as required.", "If you want to delete this comment: (1) Reveal Codes;", "(2) delete [comment]", "FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE CONVENING OF A UN/ECE CONFERENCE", "ON TRANSPORT AND THE ENVIRONMENT", "Note by the secretariat ", "In accordance with paragraph 4 of decision G (48), adopted by the Commission at its forty-eighth session, the secretariat has prepared a note on the feasibility of convening a UN/ECE Conference on Transport and the Environment in order to ascertain the views and suggestions of the concerned Principal Subsidiary Bodies (PSBs) on both the substance and procedures for such a conference.", "The note prepared by the secretariat is reproduced below.", "_________", " Prepared on 7 October 1993.", "The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to Governments, to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental organizations which take part in the work of the Committee and of its subsidiary bodies, and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24186", "REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORT AND THE ENVIRONMENT", "1. At its forty‑eighth session the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) adopted two decisions with provisions relating to follow‑up action for the UNCED Agenda 21. In paragraph 9 of decision F (48) on cooperation in the field of environment and sustainable development and in paragraph 4 of decision G (48) on cooperation in the field of transport the Commission:", "\"Accepts the invitation contained in UNCED Agenda 21 to study the feasibility of organizing a regional conference on transport and the environment and requests the Executive Secretary to carry out such a study in cooperation with member States, the European Community and interested organizations, making full use of the expertise and taking into account the views of the Principal Subsidiary Bodies concerned, especially the Inland Transport Committee, the Senior Advisers on Environmental and Water Problems and the Committee on Energy, and to report the results of the study to the Commission well in advance of the forty‑ninth session in order to prepare its further decisions on the matter.\"", "2. As part of the feasibility study called for, the secretariat has written to a number of international organizations in order to ascertain their interest", "in cooperating in the preparation of such a conference and to have a preliminary indication of relevant work carried out, under way or planned by those organizations. It has written a similar letter to the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) and has expressed its interest in cooperating closely with the CEC and the ECMT secretariat in this study from an early stage. Positive responses have already been received from the OECD, the Council of Europe, UNCTAD, UNEP and UNCHS. The Government of Sweden has also submitted written proposals for the feasibility study.", "3. This Note constitutes the second phase of the feasibility study and is designed to ascertain the views and suggestions of the concerned Principal Subsidiary Bodies (PSBs) primarily on matters of substance for such a conference. It also makes reference to procedural matters which member Governments may wish to take into consideration. The time‑frame set for the study does not allow for consultation with all concerned PSBs at their annual session. The secretariat will therefore consult the following meetings:", "The meeting of Heads of Delegation of the Senior Advisers to ECE Governments on Environmental and Water Problems on 19‑20 October.", "The Bureau of the Conference of European Statisticians at its meeting on 26‑27 October.", "The Committee on Energy at its third session on 9‑11 November.", "The Executive Body for the Convention on Long‑range Transboundary Air Pollution at its meeting on 30 November.", "The Coordination Meeting of the Inland Transport Committee on 2‑3 December.", "The Inland Transport Committee at its fifty‑sixth session on 17‑21 January 1994.", "4. The secretariat will also seek the views of a select group of NGOs and of industry within the framework of the feasibility study.", "5. Taking into account the views and suggestions of the PSBs, member Governments and the European Community, as well as information received from international organizations, the NGO community and industry, the secretariat will report the results of the feasibility study to the Ad Hoc Informal Meeting of the Commission in January 1994 for preliminary discussion. The Executive Secretary will issue a report containing the results of the feasibility study in February, taking into account the views expressed at the Ad Hoc Informal Meeting and any additional information received, for consideration by the Commission at its forty‑ninth session in April 1994.", "Justification for the holding of a regional conference on transport", "and the environment", "6. The impact of transport on the environment is evident and has been the subject of studies and meetings in recent years. Transport is the main consumer of natural resources and is responsible for an important share of CO₂, NOx, VOCs, lead, particulates and SO₂ emissions in the ECE region. A number of policy instruments have been elaborated within the framework of the UN/ECE and other international organizations and institutions to reduce the detrimental effects of transport on the environment. These have focused largely on legislative technical regulations on vehicle‑exhaust emissions. They have, together with national legislation, led to local air‑quality improvements in several ECE countries but their effects on a regional scale still need careful investigation and assessment. More recently, fiscal policy instruments have been added in some European countries resulting in an increased use of lead‑free gas and catalytic converters.", "7. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climatic Change which was opened for signature at the UNCED and which has been signed by more than 156 countries also seeks to stabilize CO₂ emissions at their 1990 level by the year 2000. At the European level specific activities towards sustainable mobility are also envisaged, and proposals to this effect figure prominently in the White and Green Papers issued by the Commission of the European Communities.", "8. The effect of these measures could be undermined by developments in the transport sector, where the increase in the number and engine power of vehicles on European roads and the low cost of fuel has begun to offset the reduction in unit emissions of road vehicles. A substantial increase in emissions attributable to transport operations is forecast. With the opening up of frontiers in Europe and increasing economic and social freedom, mobility is a priority for the people in central and eastern Europe. At the same time there has been a sharp increase in the transport of goods by road in and to and from eastern Europe. Furthermore, deregulation policies in western Europe have led to a reduction in road‑transport costs which will also give rise to a substantial increase in vehicle traffic in Europe.", "9. There is however no lack of ideas as to how to cope with such a situation and how to make transport \"sustainable\". What is often missing is the full public awareness of the gravity of the problems and therefore the political will to implement the appropriate measures. Action at the international level is indispensable, not only because purely national measures, particularly in small countries, do not produce a noticeable change in technological development, but also because pollution and vehicles cross national borders. Harmonization of national transport and environmental policies and practices thus becomes essential, as only concerted action by UN/ECE member countries can make transport activities sustainable. Moreover, the transport industry is a regional or global player and requires common standards for efficient production and operation. For these reasons the conference may also wish to give consideration to all modes of transport rather than limit itself to the three ECE modes of road, rail and inland waterways. If the countries of the ECE region, which are among the main resource consumers and polluters worldwide, are unable or unwilling, with all the available technology, to cope with the fundamental problem of sustainable transport, the countries of other regions cannot be expected to do so. A regional conference on transport and the environment would therefore provide an opportunity for government ministers to adopt and advocate a common policy for sustainable transport in the ECE region which could serve as an example to the rest of the world.", "Key areas for action", "10. There are a number of key areas in which a political affirmation by member Governments would provide strong support for long‑term policy measures aiming at sustainable transport. The following could be considered as elements constituting the key areas for action by such a conference:", "I. Vehicle technology", "Actual and anticipated performance of the internal combustion engine.", "Alternative, cleaner and renewable sources of energy and motor fuels (electric cars).", "Reduction in the fuel consumption of vehicles.", "Exhaust and noise reduction.", "Harmonization of dimensions of loading‑units used for all transport modes.", "II. Traffic management", "Uses for transportation.", "Shift in modal split towards energy‑efficient modes.", "Reduction of transport demand or increase in load factor/occupancy rate.", "Reduction of vehicle movements by abolishing legislative restrictions (cabotage, own‑account traffic, electronic market for cargo).", "Taxation of energy and/or emission (CO₂)", "Road pricing.", "Measures to increase safety of the transport of dangerous goods.", "Reduction of congestion (real‑time information systems).", "Environmental implications of long‑range transit traffic of heavy‑duty vehicles.", "Mobility and tourism.", "Communication and information technologies as alternatives to transport.", "III. Transport infrastructure", "Sustainable transport in residential and urban areas.", "Changing urban development patterns.", "Internalizing the environmental and social costs of transport.", "Investments in better urban mass rapid transport systems.", "Drastic urban traffic and parking restrictions/pedestrian zones.", "Soft transport infrastructure (bicycle paths, pedestrian zones).", "Park‑and‑ride systems.", "Building of better roads around urban areas.", "Investments in rail and inland water infrastructure, where appropriate.", "Combined transport.", "IV.Traffic substitution", "Promotion of environmentally sound alternatives to road transport.", "Pushing electronic media: data highways.", "Electronic work/shopping stations at home.", "Innovative transport technologies.", "Public transport.", "Elements for the agenda of the conference", "11. Taking into account the above‑mentioned key areas of action, the following could be considered as elements of the agenda for such a conference:", "A. Assessment of national and regional environmental risks: the impact of transport on the environment.", "Environmental impact assessment to promote sustainable transport and related infrastructures.", "The need for the integration and coordination of transport, environment, energy and trade policies, strategies and convergence of responsibilities at the national and international level.", "Environmental implications of long‑range transit traffic of heavy‑duty vehicles.", "Need for statistical data and methodologies for the assessment of environmental impact from traffic and transport systems; comparison of traffic management measures encouraging the use of alternative modes to the private car; measurement of the impact of traffic policies for the improvement of the urban environment; methods of estimating environmental damage costs caused by each transport mode; methodologies for measuring the impact of environmental stress from road transport in countries in economic transition; assessment of cost‑effectiveness of design and development of a transport data‑base for reducing the environmental impact of transport.", "B. Measures applied at the national and international levels to reduce the impact of transport on the environment.", "Strategies, policies and measures applied by governments, the European Community and international organizations to reduce environmental and material damage by the transport sector (impact on ecosystems, air and water pollution, congestion, noise, waste from car scrap, tyres, death and injury) and to achieve sustainable transport and traffic safety.", "C. Key areas of action (see para. 10 above).", "D. Enabling Instruments.", "Regulations and national legislation (enforcement measures including institutional framework and inspection and maintenance programmes).", "Economic instruments (fiscal policy, cost‑effective incentives and disincentives).", "Pricing.", "Marketing.", "Innovative technology for reducing emissions from major categories of mobile sources.", "E. Awareness‑raising and public participation.", "F. Financing of measures to reduce the impact of transport on the environment.", "12. If the conference is to address air and maritime transport, as indicated in paragraph 9 above, relevant topics should be included in the agenda in consultation with such organizations as ICAO and IMO.", "Expected product of the conference", "13. To reinforce the wealth of research and technical decisions and regulations in the fields of transport and environmental protection at both the national and the international levels, the time has come for a clear political signal to provide guidance to industry and the public at large (the consumer). With this in view, the conference could adopt a UN/ECE Framework Convention on Transport and the Environment with the emphasis on sustainable transport and enforcement measures as a regional policy signal. In such a legal instrument the concept of sustainable mobility could be defined as a basis for action in all ECE member countries, and concrete measures and/or targets towards the realization of such a concept could be determined. In particular, concrete policy measures could focus on the following:", "Targets on emission levels (air, noise), parameters and a staggered time‑table for implementation.", "Long‑term governmental measures in the fields of transportation means technology, especially vehicle technology.", "Traffic management.", "Transport infrastructure.", "Traffic substitution.", "Monitoring along main transport axes.", "Maintenance and inspection of vehicles in service.", "Basis for research, planning and investment decisions by governments and the private sector (vehicle industry, consumers).", "Interdisciplinary action and cooperative mechanisms at national and international levels.", "Harmonization of approaches and implementation levels for all European countries.", "Measures and assistance for European countries in transition and for countries of other regions to implement sustainable transport policies.", "Urgent need for statistical data.", "Awareness‑raising campaign to ensure public perception of and support for measures to achieve sustainable transport.", "14. Such a framework convention would afford an opportunity to integrate different policies and converging responsibilities. Protocols or annexes could be added to the convention in due course providing for mitigating options and technical control measures. Enforcement mechanisms and compliance monitoring could be provided for within the convention itself.", "15. Should ECE member Governments consider that, in spite of earlier conferences on the subject and available research and experience in many countries, the time is not yet ripe for the adoption of a legally binding instrument on transport and the environment, the conference could alternatively adopt a Regional Programme of Action for future work at the international level on transport and the environment. Such a programme would provide a menu from which each government could select areas of activity to be implemented at the national level.", "Status of the conference", "16. Given the broad nature of the themes to be addressed by the conference, the Commission may wish to decide that it be organized by the UN/ECE in close cooperation with the CEC and the ECMT. This would ensure that it benefits from their combined expertise and experience, including the results of the ECMT Conference on Transport and Environment organized in 1989. If such a conference is to be held, it should build upon the results of past conferences and not duplicate them. Other international organizations, NGOs and industry should contribute to the preparation of the conference, including those active in modes of transport not covered by the UN/ECE (i.e. maritime and air transport).", "Participation", "17. Since the objective of the conference would be to produce a political impulse which would have a lasting impact throughout the region, the participation of government ministers and other senior government officials is a prerequisite. Moreover, the inter‑disciplinary nature of the issues to be discussed by the conference would require the participation of representatives of a range of ministries, including those of transport, environment, energy and industry. The conference would be open to all member States of the UN/ECE and other interested Members of the United Nations, as well as international organizations and institutions, relevant NGOs and representatives of industry.", "Preparatory process", "18. A preparatory intergovernmental committee would be needed to assume responsibility for decisions governing the overall organization and objectives of the conference, its agenda, rules of procedure, participation, date and venue, documentation and funding. The preparatory committee would be serviced by an organizing committee comprising representatives of the secretariat of the international organization(s) or institution(s) designated to organize the conference. The elaboration of a framework convention or a programme of action to be adopted by the conference and the participation of ministers or their senior aides would require careful preparation. A Technical or Scientific Committee would need to be established to elaborate whatever document is expected of the conference.", "Date and place", "19. The conference should be held in the first half of 1996 at a date which does not conflict with other major meetings such as the annual meeting of the ECMT, the next conference of \"Environment for Europe\", conferences of European ministers of transport subsequent to the meeting in Greece in 1994 and the annual sessions of the UN/ECE and its relevant PSBs. It should be scheduled at a date which will allow its conclusions to be submitted to the Review Conference for the Follow‑up to UNCED Agenda 21 in 1997. The conference would be held in Geneva unless a member Government or international organization or institution offered to host it away from Geneva. The Government of Sweden, which formally proposed such a conference, has expressed its readiness to provide a level of financial assistance for the conference if it is held in Sweden, but it is not in a position to assume the full costs of hosting the meeting.", "Costs", "20. If the conference were to be organized as an integral part of the UN/ECE programme of meetings in Geneva, there would be no additional cost for conference services. Were it to be a UN/ECE meeting but hosted away from Geneva, the host government or organization would be required to meet the additional costs, in accordance with United Nations established practice. If the conference were to be organized jointly by UN/ECE and other institutions, it is expected that costs would be shared. Were the conference to be organized outside the UN/ECE framework, its funding would be the responsibility of the host government or organization.", "21. Additional funds would be required to organize meetings of the Preparatory Committee and the Scientific or Technical Committee, as well as meetings of the secretariat Organizing Committee. While much of the substantive preparation for the conference, including technical papers, would be carried out by the secretariat, the expected volume of the documentation would require in‑kind contributions either by member Governments or by consultants financed from voluntary contributions. If the full burden of substantive inputs were to be assigned to the ECE secretariat, preparations for other elements of the Commission's programme of work might need to be rephased.", "Views and suggestions", "22. Government representatives, as well as representatives of international organizations and institutions, NGOs and industry, are invited to submit their views and suggestions on this Note. Responses should be addressed to:", "The Office of the Executive Secretary", "(Reference: FS/TEC)", "UN Economic Commission for Europe", "Palais des Nations", "CH‑1211 Geneva 10.", "Delegations to PSBs and their Bureaux referred to in paragraph 3 above may submit their views and suggestions collectively in the report of the PSB or its Bureau, or individually." ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/R.376", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "(Fifty-sixth session, 17-21 January 1994,", "Agenda item 6)", "FAISABILITY STUDY ON THE ORGANIZATION OF A UN/ECE CONFERENCE", "ON TRANSPORT AND THE ENVIRONMENT", "Note by the secretariat /", "In accordance with paragraph 4 of decision G (48), adopted by the Commission at its forty-eighth session, the secretariat prepared a note on the possibility of organizing a UNECE conference on transport", "and the environment to obtain the views and suggestions of the Principal Subsidiary Bodies (PSOs) concerned on the topics and procedures adopted for this Conference.", "The note prepared by the secretariat is reproduced below.", "Documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies are distributed in limited form.They shall be communicated only to Governments, specialized agencies, governmental and non-governmental organizations participating in the work of the Committee and its subsidiary bodies;they must not be communicated to newspapers or periodicals.", "_________________________", " Written on 7 October 1993.", "GE.93-24187 (F)", "REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORT AND THE ENVIRONMENT", "1.At its forty-eighth session, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) adopted two decisions containing provisions following the UNCED Agenda 21.In paragraph 9 of Decision F (48) on cooperation in the field of environment and sustainable development and in paragraph 4 of Decision G (48) on cooperation in the field of transport, the Commission:", "\"Accepts the invitation contained in Agenda 21 of UNCED to explore the possibility of organizing a regional conference on transport and the environment and requests the Executive Secretary to carry out this study in cooperation with member States, the European Community and interested organizations, making full use of the expertise and taking into account the views of the relevant principal subsidiary bodies, in particular the Inland Transport Committee, the Advisers on Environment and Water and the Committee on Energy, and to report the results of the study to the Commission in sufficient time before the forty-ninth session so that it may prepare its subsequent decisions on this matter.\"", "2.In the context of the feasibility study requested, the secretariat has written to a number of international organizations to ascertain their willingness to cooperate in the preparation of such a conference, and to have some initial information on their work, whether ongoing or planned.He sent a similar letter to the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) and expressed his willingness to cooperate closely with the Commission and the ECMT Secretariat from the early stages of the study.Positive responses have already been received from OECD, the Council of Europe, UNCTAD, UNEP and UNCHS.The Government of Sweden has also submitted written proposals for the study.", "3.The purpose of this note, which constitutes the second phase of the study, is to identify the views and suggestions of the relevant PSBs, including on the substantive issues to be discussed at the Conference.It also mentions procedural issues that Member States may wish to consider.The schedule for the study does not allow for consultation with all PSOs at the time of their annual session.The secretariat will therefore consult at the following meetings:", "The Meeting of Heads of Delegation and Advisers to Governments of UNECE Countries on Environment and Water Issues, 19-20 October.", "The Bureau of the Conference of European Statisticians, at its meeting on 26 and 27 October.", "The Committee on Energy at its third session, 9-11 November.", "The Executive Body for the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, at its meeting on 30 November.", "The Coordination Meeting of the Inland Transport Committee, 2 and 3 December.", "The Inland Transport Committee at its fifty-sixth session, 17-21 January 1994.", "4.The secretariat will also seek the views of a small group representing NGOs and industry, also in the context of the feasibility study.", "5.Taking into account the views and suggestions of the PSOs, the Member States and the European Economic Community, and the information received from international organisations, all NGOs and industry, the secretariat, for preliminary discussions, will report on the conclusions of the feasibility study to the ad hoc informal meeting of the Economic Commission for Europe, to be held in January 1994.The Executive Secretary will publish a report on these findings in February, taking into account the views expressed at the informal meeting and any other information received;The report will be considered by the Commission at its forty-ninth session in April 1994.", "Justification for a regional conference on transport and the environment", "6.The environmental impact of transport is no longer to be demonstrated and has been the subject of studies and meetings for several years.Transport is the main consumer of natural resources and is responsible for a large part of the emissions of C02, NOx, VOCs, lead, particulate matter and SO2 in the UNECE region.Within the framework of UN/ECE and other international organizations and institutions, several policy instruments have been developed on the issue of reducing the adverse environmental effects of transport.These are mainly technical legislative provisions on vehicle exhaust emissions.They have enabled local air quality improvements in several UNECE countries to be achieved with existing national legislation, but their effects on a regional scale still require careful surveys and assessments.More recently, some European countries have also taken similar fiscal measures, resulting in increased use of unleaded petrol and catalytic converters.", "7.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which was opened for signature at UNCED and already approved by more than 156 countries, is also working to stabilize CO2 emissions at 1990 levels by the year 2000.Activities at European level are also being considered specifically aimed at the implementation of the concept of sustainable mobility;proposals to this end are prominently included in the White and Green Papers published by the Commission of the European Communities.", "8.However, the effects of these measures could be undermined by developments in the transport sector, where the increase in the number and power of vehicles on European roads and the fall in fuel prices have begun to reverse the reduction in unit emissions of road vehicles.There is a forecast for a significant increase in emissions from transportation operations.With the opening of borders in Europe and greater economic and social freedom, mobility is a priority for the people of Central and Eastern Europe.At the same time, there has been a sharp increase in the transport of goods by road within, to and from Eastern Europe.In addition, deregulation measures in Western Europe have resulted in a reduction in the cost of road transport, which will also result in a considerable increase in the number of vehicles operating in Europe.", "9.There is, however, a lot of ideas on how to redress this situation and make transport a \"sustainable\" activity.However, what is often lacking is a general awareness of the seriousness of the problems and, consequently, the political will to implement the necessary measures.Action at the international level is essential, not only because purely national measures, especially in small countries, do not make any significant changes to technological development, but also because pollution and vehicles cross national borders.It is therefore essential to harmonize national transport and environment policies and practices, since only concerted action by UNECE member States can make transport a sustainable activity.In addition, the transport industry is a regional or global player, which needs common standards to ensure results and cost-effective operations.For these reasons, the Conference may wish to consider all modes of transport rather than just the three modes of interest to the UNECE, namely road, rail and inland waterways.While the countries of the region, which are among the world's largest resource- and polluter-intensive countries, cannot and do not want to tackle the fundamental problem of sustainable transport with all the technology at their disposal, it is not likely that countries in other regions will do so.A regional conference on transport and the environment would therefore provide the Ministers of Governments with the opportunity to adopt and defend a common policy for sustainable transport in the UNECE region, which could serve as an example for the rest of the world.", "Main areas of action", "10.There are several key areas of action where the political determination of the Member States would reinforce long-term measures to create sustainable transport activities.The following could be considered as priority areas of relevance to the conference:", "I.Vehicle technology", "Actual and projected efficiency of the internal combustion engine.", "Alternative, cleaner and renewable sources of energy and automotive fuels (electric cars).", "Reduction of fuel consumption by vehicles.", "Reduction of exhaust and noise.", "Harmonization of dimensions of load units used for all modes of transport.", "II.Traffic management", "Use for transport.", "Change in modal distribution in favour of less energy-intensive modes.", "Reduced demand for transport or increased load/occupation factor rate.", "Reduction of vehicle movement by abolition of legislative restrictions (cabotage, own account traffic, electronic freight exchange).", "Energy and/or emissions taxation (CO2).", "Road tax per kilometre.", "Measures to increase the safety of the transport of dangerous goods.", "Reduction of road congestion (real-time information systems).", "Environmental impacts of long-distance traffic of heavy vehicles.", "Mobility and tourism.", "Communication and information technologies as alternatives to transportation.", "III.Transport infrastructure", "Sustainable transport systems in residential and urban areas.", "Changes in urban development trends.", "Taking account of the environmental and social costs of transport.", "Investments in better and faster urban transport systems.", "Draconian restrictions on traffic and parking in cities and the creation of pedestrian zones.", "Soft infrastructure (cycle tracks, pedestrian areas).", "Exchange parking.", "Construction of better roads around urban areas.", "Investments in infrastructure for railways and inland waterways, where necessary.", "Combined transport.", "IV.Traffic replacement", "Promotion of environmentally sound alternatives to road transport.", "Development of electronic means of transmission: main transmission lines for data.", "Electronic home workstations/purchases.", "Original transport techniques.", "Public transport.", "Elements of an agenda of the conference", "11.In view of the above-mentioned main areas of action, the following elements could be considered as items on the agenda of the conference:", "A. National and regional environmental risk assessment:", "environmental impact of transport", "Environmental impact assessment for the creation of sustainable transport systems and related infrastructure.", "The need to integrate and coordinate transport, environment, energy and trade policies and strategies and to bring together responsibilities at the national and international levels.", "Environmental impacts of long-distance traffic of heavy vehicles.", "Need for statistical data and methods for assessing the ecological impact of traffic and transport systems;comparison of traffic management measures encouraging the use of means of transport other than private cars;measuring the impact of traffic policy with a view to improving the urban environment;methods of estimating environmental damage caused by each means of transport;methods for measuring environmental pressures from road transport in countries with economies in transition;The study of the cost-effectiveness of designing and implementing a transport database to help reduce its ecological impact.", "B. National and international measures to", "reducing the environmental impact of transport", "Strategies, policies and measures implemented by Governments, the European Community and international organisations to reduce environmental and material damage caused by the transport sector (ecosystem impact, air and water pollution, congestion, noise, automobile waste, tyres, deaths and injuries), to achieve sustainable transport systems and to ensure traffic safety.", "C. Main areas of action (see para. 10 above)", "D.Enabling instruments", "National regulations and legislation (implementing measures, including the establishment of institutional structures and inspection and maintenance programmes).", "Economic instruments (budgetary measures, incentives and disincentives to profitability).", "Price calculation.", "Marketing.", "Original techniques to reduce emissions from", "main categories of mobile sources.", "E. Public awareness and participation", "F.Financing of measures to reduce the impact of transport", "on the environment.", "12.If the conference is to address the issue of air and maritime transport, a possibility mentioned in paragraph 9 above, the relevant items should be added to the agenda, in consultation with organizations such as ICAO and IMO.", "Expected outcomes of the conference", "13.If we are to strengthen the mass of research, technical decisions and regulations in the field of transport and environmental protection at both national and international levels, the time has come to spread a clear political message on this subject, in order to guide industry and the general public (consumers).In this context, the Conference could adopt a UNECE Framework Convention on Transport and the Environment, which would focus, as an indication of future regional policy, on sustainable transport systems and enforcement measures.A legal instrument of this kind could include the concept of sustainable mobility as a policy principle in all UNECE member countries and identify concrete measures and/or objectives that contribute to the implementation of this concept.These measures could include, in particular:", "Targets for emission levels (atmosphere, noise) and parameters, and phased implementation schedules.", "Long-term government measures in the field of transportation technology, including vehicle technology.", "Traffic management.", "Transport infrastructure.", "Traffic replacement.", "Monitoring along the main axes.", "Maintenance and inspection of vehicles in service.", "Basis for research, planning or investment decisions by governments and the private sector (vehicle industry, consumers).", "Interdisciplinary action and cooperative mechanisms at the national and international levels.", "Harmonisation of strategies and levels of application for all European countries.", "Measures and assistance for European countries in transition and countries in other regions for the implementation of sustainable transport policies.", "Urgent need for statistical data.", "Awareness campaign to ensure that the public is aware of and supports measures to achieve sustainable transportation systems.", "14.Such a framework convention would provide an opportunity to integrate different policies and bring responsibility together.Protocols or annexes could be added in a timely manner, including options for improvement and technical control measures.Mechanisms for implementing and monitoring compliance with the Convention could be provided for in the Convention itself.", "15.If UNECE member Governments consider that, despite previous conferences on the subject, research and experience in many countries, the time has not yet come to adopt a legally binding instrument on transport and the environment, the conference could adopt a regional programme of action on the same subject, including work at the international level.The programme would offer a range of options from which each government would choose the areas of activity where it wishes to intervene at the national level.", "Status of the conference", "16.Due to the wide range of topics to be addressed by the Conference, the Commission may wish to decide to entrust the organization to the UN/ECE in close collaboration with the CEC and ECMT.This could be done by drawing on the benefits derived from their combined expertise and experience, including the results of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport on Transport and the Environment, held in 1989.If this conference is to take place, it should exploit and exceed the results of previous conferences and not simply be a repetition of it.Other international organizations, NGOs and industry sectors should contribute to its preparation, including those active in non-UN/ECE modes of transport (sea and air transport).", "Participation", "17.As the objective of the conference will be to provide lasting political impetus to the entire region, the participation of ministers and other senior government officials is a prerequisite for its success.In addition, the multidisciplinary nature of the issues to be addressed will require the participation of representatives from a wide range of ministries, including those in the areas of transportation, environment, energy and industry.The conference would be open to all UNECE member States and other interested Members of the United Nations, as well as international organizations and institutions, relevant NGOs and industry representatives.", "Preparatory process", "18.A preparatory intergovernmental committee should be appointed to decide on the overall organization and objectives of the conference, its agenda, rules of procedure, participation, date and venue, documentation and funding.The Committee would be assisted by an organizing committee composed of representatives of the secretariat of the", "the organization or international organizations and institutions designated to organize the conference.The preparation of a framework convention or action programme to be adopted by the conference, and the participation of ministers or their high-level collaborators, will require careful preparation.A technical or scientific committee should be established to prepare the documents expected from the conference.", "Date and place", "19.The conference is expected to be held in the first half of 1996 at a date not incompatible with other major meetings such as the annual meeting of European Transport Ministers, the next \"Environment for Europe\" conference, the conferences of European Transport Ministers following the meeting in Greece in 1994, and the annual sessions of the UNECE and its relevant PSOs.A date should be set for the submission of the conclusions to the 1997 UNCED Review Conference on Action in the Follow-up to Agenda 21.The Conference would be held in Geneva unless a Government or an international organization offered to host it elsewhere.The Government of Sweden, which formally proposed the holding of the conference, expressed its willingness to provide a certain amount of financial assistance if the meeting was to take place in Sweden, but is not in a position to fully meet the costs.", "Costs", "20.If the conference were to be an integral part of the UN/ECE Geneva meeting programme, there would be no additional conference-servicing costs.If it were to be a UN/ECE meeting but held outside Geneva, the host Government or organization would have to bear the additional costs, in accordance with established United Nations practice.In case it is jointly organized by UN/ECE and other institutions, the costs would probably be shared.Finally, if the conference were to be organized outside the UN/ECE framework, it would be the responsibility of the host Government or organization.", "21.Additional funding will be required to cover meetings of the Preparatory Committee and the Scientific or Technical Committee, as well as meetings of the Organizational Committee of the secretariat.Although much of the preparation on substantive issues, including the drafting of technical papers, would be entrusted to the secretariat, the anticipated volume of documentation would require contributions in kind, either from member Governments or from consultants paid for with voluntary contributions.If the full burden of contributions on substantive issues were to be assigned to the UNECE secretariat, this might require rescheduling preparations for other elements of the Commission's programme of work.", "Views and suggestions", "22.Representatives of Governments, international organizations and institutions, NGOs and industry are invited to submit their views and suggestions on this note.Responses should be addressed to:", "Office of the Executive Secretary", "(Reference: FS/TEC)", "United Nations Economic Commission for Europe", "Palais des Nations", "CH-1211 Geneva 10.", "Delegations to the PSOs and their offices, referred to in paragraph 3 above, may submit their views and suggestions collectively in the report of the PSO concerned or its office, or individually.", "-----" 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"
"ZJewCr2ZQdGExWEeFV3Y2NUCI4aVJAhFygD8IKcCmrQ="	en	fr	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/R.373", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "(Fifty-sixth session, 17-21 January 1994,", "agenda item 2)", "MATTERS ARISING FROM THE FORTY-EIGHTH SESSION", "OF THE ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE AND THE", "SECOND REGULAR SESSION OF 1993 OF THE ECONOMIC", "AND SOCIAL COUNCIL", "Note by the secretariat", "I.Discussion of the work of the Inland Transport Committee at the", "forty-eighth session of the Economic Commission for Europe", "1. The activities in the field of transport were considered at the forty-eighth session of the Commission. The discussion was introduced by the Chairman of the Inland Transport Committee, Mr. P. Danjord (Norway).", "2. The discussion is summarized in paragraphs 58 to 60 and 102 to 108 of the Commission's Annual Report (E/1993/37-E/ECE/1284). Copies of this annual report will be available to participants at the fifty-sixth session.", "____________________________________________________________________________", "\| \|", "\| The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its \|", "\| subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to Governments, \|", "\| to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental \|", "\| organizations which take part in the work of the Committee and of its \|", "\| subsidiary bodies and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals. \|", "\|____________________________________________________________________________\|", "GE.93-24178", "TRANS/R.373", "page 2", "II.Decisions of the Commission", "3. At its forty-eighth meeting the Commission adopted 13 decisions the full text of which can be found in chapter IV of the Commission's annual report.", "4. The views expressed or agreed in relation thereto by member Governments in the course of the forty-eighth session of the Commission are summarized in", "chapter III of that report in the paragraphs indicated below:", "Decision", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "E/1993/37", "E/ECE/1284", "Paragraphs", "A (48)", "B (48)", "C (48)", "D (48)", "E (48)", "F (48)", "G (48)", "H (48)", "I (48)", "J (48)", "K (48)", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "Recommendation to ECOSOC for non-participation", "of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and", "Montenegro) in the work of the Economic Commission", "for Europe", "The Commission's activities designed to assist", "countries of the region in transition to a market", "economy and their integration with the European", "and global economy", "Economic cooperation in the Mediterranean in the", "light of the final act of the Conference on", "Security and Cooperation in Europe", "The work of the Commission and its future", "activities", "The provision of adequate resources for the servicing of the priority and other sectors of the Economic Commission for Europe", "Cooperation in the field of environment and sustainable development", "Cooperation in the field of transport", "Cooperation and sustainable development in the chemical industry", "Reporting from the subsidiary bodies of the Commission", "Strengthening of international cooperation and coordination of efforts to study, mitigate and minimize the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant", "The ECE's contribution to the preparatory work of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 1995", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "23", "75-83", "84-89", "90-92", "93-101", "102-108", "135-139", "168-183", "187-194", "195", "Decision", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "E/1993/37", "E/ECE/1284", "Paragraphs", "L (48)", "M (48)", "N (48)", "Preparation for and organization of the annual session", "Amendments of the Rules of Procedure of the ECE", "Recommendation to ECOSOC to amend the ECE Terms of Reference", "", "", "", "208", "209", "210", "III. Decisions of particular concern to the work of the Inland Transport Committee", "5. The Commission, by adopting decision G (48) on \"Cooperation in the field of transport\" wishes to reiterate the priority role of transport within the framework of regional economic cooperation, to emphasize the necessity of continuous, effective action in this field and to endorse the action undertaken by the Committee. The text of this decision is reproduced below.", "\"G (48) COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPORT", "The Economic Commission for Europe,", "Recalling its decisions 0 (45), F (46), B (47), F (47) and G (47),", "Reiterating the high priority of transport questions,", "Conscious of the problems of countries in transition in developing market economy mechanisms in the field of transport,", "Stressing consequently the importance of an efficient network of transport infrastructures for the development of the economies of countries in transition,", "Reiterating the need to ensure close cooperation with the European Community and organizations dealing with transport questions with a view to achieving a coherent European Transport Concept and to avoid duplication of work and waste of resources.", "Underlining its conviction that the ECE has a prominent role in regional transport cooperation,", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report and the conclusions of the fifty-fifth session of the Inland Transport Committee;", "2. Welcomes all pertinent contributions of the Committee to the thorough preparation of the second European Transport Conference;", "3. Encourages the secretariat to elaborate elements for a European Transport Charter which reflect the important areas of the work of the ECE;", "4. Accepts the invitation contained in UNCED Agenda 21 to study the feasibility of organizing a regional conference on transport and the environment and requests the Executive Secretary to carry out such a study in cooperation with member States, the European Community and interested organizations, making full use of the expertise and taking into account the views of the Principal Subsidiary Bodies concerned, especially the Inland Transport Committee, the Senior Advisers on Environmental and Water Problems and the Committee on Energy, and to report the results of the study to the Commission well in advance of the forty-ninth session in order to prepare its further decisions on the matter;", "5. Endorses the decision of the Inland Transport Committee to stage a European Road Safety Week in 1995;", "6. Supports the work undertaken to update the Provisions concerning the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways (ADN), taking note of the view of the Inland Transport Committee that harmonization is necessary with the regulations for the Carriage of Dangerous Substances on the Rhine (ADNR) and urges the need for their completion;", "7. Welcomes the increasing number of Contracting Parties to ECE Agreements and Conventions and invites Governments which have not yet acceded to those, especially if they are not yet in force, to examine possibilities for doing so;", "8. Underlines the importance of further development and early completion of joint road and rail infrastructure projects (TEM and TER and others) and welcomes the achievements made so far;", "9. Endorses Resolution No. 240 of the Inland Transport Committee on the development of combined transport on inland waterways and encourages it to turn it into a legally binding instrument;", "10. Requests member Governments to increase their efforts to identify bottlenecks and missing links in international infrastructure networks and to propose solutions in the framework of the relevant ECE Agreements in order to solve these problems;", "11. Invites the Inland Transport Committee to consider further a possible role of the ECE for the implementation of a coherent system of transport infrastructure networks in Europe;", "12. Supports the ongoing work on the revision of the 1958 Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts and expresses the view that this revision should be finalized as soon as possible;", "13. Welcomes the completion of the revision of the 1968 Convention on Road Signs and Signals and the 1971 European Agreement supplementing it;", "14. Takes note of the results of the Global Seminar on the Impact of Increasing Dimensions of Loading Units on Combined Transport and endorses the conclusions drawn by the Inland Transport Committee in that respect especially the encouragement of the secretariat and the Working Group on Combined Transport to monitor further developments;", "15. Underlines the necessity for further harmonization of international regulations for the transport of dangerous goods;", "16. Endorses the revised Terms of Reference adopted by the Inland Transport Committee for its future work;", "17. Agrees to the proposal of the Inland Transport Committee to hold its next session in the middle of January to ensure the submission of its report to the last Ad Hoc Informal Meeting prior to the Annual Session of the Commission;", "18. Stresses the necessity immediately to appoint professionals sufficiently qualified and experienced to fill the vacant posts in the sector of transport of dangerous goods as well as in other transport sectors and to maintain in the Transport Division the number and level of professional and other staff and requests the Executive Secretary to keep the Inland Transport Committee regularly informed of the situation in that field;", "19. Requests the Executive Secretary to report to the Commission at its forty-ninth session on the implementation of this decision.", "9th meeting", "26 April 1993", "IV.Substantive session of 1993 of the Economic and Social Council", "6. The attention of the Committee is drawn to the following resolutions adopted by the Economic and Social Council at its substantive session of 1993 (N.Y.", "28 June - 30 July 1993).", "RESOLUTIONS", "1993/50. Work of the Committee of Experts on the Transport", "of Dangerous Goods", "The Economic and Social Council,", "Recalling its resolutions 468 (XV) of 15 April 1953, 1983/7 of 26 May 1983, 1985/9 of 28 May 1985, 1986/66 of 23 July 1986, 1987/54 of 28 May 1987, 1989/104 of 27 July 1989 and 1991/57 of 26 July 1991,", "Noting the ever-increasing volume of dangerous goods in world-wide commerce and the rapid expansion of technology and innovation,", "Noting also the recommendation made by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, in chapter 19 of Agenda 21, that international bodies, including the International Programme on Chemical Safety of the World Health Organization, the International Labour Organisation and the United Nations Environment Programme, as well as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Maritime Organization, the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, in cooperation with regional and national authorities having existing classification and labelling systems and other systems for the dissemination of information, establish a coordinating group with a view to establishing and elaborating a harmonized classification and labelling system for chemicals,", "Noting further that in response to its requests, made in its resolutions 1983/7, 1985/9, 1986/66, 1987/54, 1989/104 and 1991/57 for adequate staff resources for servicing the Committee, an additional Professional post was granted but has not yet been filled officially, in spite of temporary redeployment arrangements,", "Bearing in mind the continuing need to meet the growing concern for the protection of life, property and the environment through the safe transport of dangerous goods while facilitating trade,", "Aware that, in order to achieve internationally harmonized laws, the specialized agencies and other international organizations involved in activities related to the transport of dangerous goods, as well as interested Member States, have responded positively to the relevant resolutions adopted since its resolution 468 (XV) and are committed to taking the recommendations of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods as a basis for the formulation of their requirements and regulations, including those concerning classification and labelling, and therefore rely on the work of the Committee,", "Aware of the concern expressed by the Assembly of the International Maritime Organization, in its resolution A.717 (17) of 6 November 1991, with regard to the development of new conventions, legislation and recommendations relating to dangerous goods or to the management of chemicals outside the coordinated forum of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, and aware also that the Assembly had urged all United Nations and other intergovernmental bodies concerned working on various aspects of the management of chemicals to coordinate their efforts in order to ensure the compatibility of any legislation on chemicals with established transport rules and regulations,", "Recognizing the increasing need for cooperation between international bodies involved in activities related to the transport of dangerous goods and those involved in other aspects of chemical safety,", "Confirming the need for the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods to participate actively in relevant activities associated with the implementation of Agenda 21,", "Reaffirming the desirability of widening the decision-making base of the Committee by encouraging the participation of developing countries and other non-member countries in its future work,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods during the biennium 1991-1992 and of the new and amended recommendations approved by the Committee for inclusion in its existing recommendations;", "2. Request the Secretary-General:", "(a) to incorporate in the existing recommendations of the Committee on the Transport of Dangerous Goods all the new and amended recommendations approved by the Committee at its seventeenth session;", "(b) To publish the new and amended recommendations in all the official languages of the United Nations, in the most cost-effective manner, not later than the end of 1993;", "(c) To circulate the new and amended recommendations immediately after their publication to the Governments of Member States, the specialized agencies, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the other international organizations concerned;", "3. Invites all Governments, the specialized agencies, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the other international organizations concerned to transmit to the Secretary-General their views on the Committee's work, together with any comments they may wish to make on the amended recommendations;", "4. Invites all interested Governments and the international organizations concerned, when developing appropriate codes and regulations, to take full account of the recommendations of the Committee;", "5. Invites all Governments and the international organizations concerned with the implementation of chapter 19 of Agenda 21 and participating in the development of a globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals to avoid duplication of work and to ensure that, to the greatest extent possible, the new system draws on, or is compatible with, the internationally well-recognized and implemented system developed by the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to take all necessary steps to ensure secretariat representation of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods at appropriate meetings of international organizations committed to implementing the recommendations of the Committee or involved in the process of global harmonization of classification and labelling systems for chemicals;", "7. Recommends once again that adequate funding be provided to support the work of the Committee;", "8. Recommends that the staff necessary for the adequate servicing of the Committee continue to be made available, and that the vacant Professional post be filled as a matter of priority;", "9. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the Council in 1995 a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "45th plenary meeting", "29 July 1993", "1993/60. Europe-Africa permanent link through the Strait of Gibraltar", "The Economic and Social Council,", "Recalling its resolutions 1982/57 of 30 July 1982, 1983/62 of 29 July 1983, 1984/75 of 27 July 1984, 1985/70 of 26 July 1985. 1987/69 of 8 July 1987, 1989/119 of 28 July 1989, 1991/74 of 26 July 1991 and 1992/45 of 31 July 1992,", "Referring to General Assembly resolution 43/179 of 20 December 1988, by which the Assembly declared the period 1991-2000 the Second Transport and Communications Decade in Africa,", "Also referring to resolution 912 (1989), adopted on 1 February 1989 by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 1/ regarding measures to encourage the construction of a major traffic artery in south-western Europe and to study thoroughly the possibility of a permanent link through the Strait of Gibraltar,", "Conscious that the project for the permanent link will help offer better prospects for the improvement of the transport networks connected to it and for the development of broader cooperation between Europe and Africa,", "Also conscious of the economic impact and regional and interregional integration effects of the project;", "Taking account, first, of the considerable work done on the project in terms of the surveying of the Strait of Gibraltar site and the engineering and socio-economic studies carried out and, secondly, of the ongoing programme of work, which, by the end of the year should lead to the choice of the most advantageous solution,", "Taking note of the recommendations and conclusions of the evaluation report on the studies relating to the project for the period 1982-1993, 2/ prepared by the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe, in accordance with Council resolution 1991/74,", "1. Welcomes the cooperation on the project between the Governments of Morocco and Spain, the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe,", "2. Also welcomes the favourable response of the International Tunnel Association and the Centre for Studies on Transport in the Western Mediterranean to the appeal made by the Economic and Social Council in resolution 1991/74;", "_________", "1/ See Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, Fortieth Ordinary Session (third part), 30 January - 3 February 1989, Texts Adopted by the Assembly, Strasbourg, 1989.", "2/ E/1993/80.", "3. Commends the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe on the work done in preparing the project evaluation report requested by the Council in resolution 1991/74;", "4. Invites the scientific and technical institutions concerned to take part in the special session on the permanent link through the Strait of Gibraltar, which will be held in Cairo in April 1994, under the auspices of the Economic Commission for Europe and the International Tunnel Association;", "5. Invites the States concerned and the competent bodies to cooperate with the Governments of Morocco and Spain in carrying out studies for the implementation of the project and to take part in the International Colloquium on the Permanent Link, which will be held at Seville, Spain, in 1994;", "6. Requests the Executive Secretaries of the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe to take an active part in the follow-up to the project and to report thereon to the Economic and Social Council at its substantive session of 1995;", "7. Calls upon the Secretary-General to give his full support to the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe to enable them to carry out the above-mentioned activities and, within existing priorities, to provide them with the necessary resources.", "46th plenary meeting", "30 July 1993" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/R.373", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "Original : ANGLAIS", "COMITE DES TRANSPORTS INTERIEURS", "(Cinquante‑sixième session, 17‑21 janvier 1994,", "point 2 de l'ordre du jour)", "QUESTIONS DECOULANT DE LA QUARANTE-HUITIEME SESSION", "DE LA COMMISSION ECONOMIQUE POUR L'EUROPE ET", "DE LA SECONDE SESSION ORDINAIRE DE 1993", "DU CONSEIL ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL", "Note du secrétariat", "I.Examen des travaux du Comité des transports intérieurs à la quarante‑huitième session de la Commission économique pour l'Europe", "1. La Commission a examiné les activités dans le domaine des transports à sa quarante‑huitième session. M. P. Danjord (Norvège), Président du Comité des transports intérieurs, a fait une déclaration liminaire.", "Les documents du Comité des transports intérieurs et de ses organes subsidiaires font l'objet d'une distribution limitée. Ils ne sont communiqués qu'aux gouvernements, aux institutions spécialisées et aux organisations gouvernementales et non gouvernementales qui participent aux travaux du Comité et de ses organes subsidiaires; ils ne doivent être communiqués ni à des journaux ni à des périodiques.", "GE.93-24179 (F)", "2. Les débats sont résumés aux paragraphes 58 à 60 et 102 à 108 du rapport annuel de la Commission (E/1993/37-E/ECE/1284). Des exemplaires de ce rapport annuel seront mis à la disposition des participants à la cinquante‑sixième session du Comité des transports intérieurs.", "II.Décisions de la Commission", "3. A sa quarante‑huitième session, la Commission a adopté 14 décisions reproduites intégralement au chapitre IV de son rapport annuel.", "4. Les vues exprimées et les décisions prises à cet égard par les gouvernements des pays membres au cours de la quarante‑huitième session de la Commission sont récapitulées au chapitre III du rapport annuel, aux paragraphes suivants :", "Décision", "", "", "", "", "", "E/1993/37-", "E/ECE/1284", "Paragraphes", "A (48)", "Recommandation au Conseil économique et social en vue de la non‑participation de la République fédérative de Yougoslavie (Serbie et Monténégro) aux travaux de la Commission économique pour l'Europe", "23", "B (48)", "Activités de la Commission visant à aider les pays de la région en transition vers une économie de marché et leur intégration à l'économie européenne et mondiale", "75‑83", "C (48)", "Coopération économique en Méditerranée à la lumière de l'Acte final de la Conférence sur la sécurité et la coopération en Europe", "84‑89", "D (48)", "Les travaux de la Commission et ses activités futures", "90‑92", "E (48)", "Fourniture des ressources nécessaires pour assurer le service des secteurs prioritaires et des autres secteurs de la Commission économique pour l'Europe", "F (48)", "Coopération dans le domaine de l'environnement et du développement durable", "93-101", "G (48)", "Coopération dans le domaine des transports", "102‑108", "H (48)", "Coopération et développement durable dans l'industrie chimique", "135‑139", "I (48)", "Rapports des organes subsidiaires à la Commission", "168‑183", "J (48)", "Renforcement de la coopération internationale et coordination des efforts en vue d'étudier et d'atténuer le plus possible les conséquences de l'accident survenu à la centrale nucléaire de Tchernobyl", "187‑194", "K (48)", "Contribution de la CEE aux travaux préparatoires de la quatrième Conférence mondiale sur les femmes, Beijing, 1995", "195", "L (48)", "Préparation et organisation de la session annuelle", "208", "M (48)", "Modifications du règlement intérieur de la CEE", "209", "N (48)", "Recommandation au Conseil économique et social tendant à modifier le mandat de la CEE", "210", "III.Décisions intéressant particulièrement les travaux du Comité des transports intérieurs", "5. En adoptant la décision G (48) sur la \"coopération dans le domaine des transports\", la Commission a voulu réaffirmer le rôle prioritaire des transports dans la coopération économique régionale, souligner la nécessité de poursuivre une politique efficace dans ce domaine et entériner les mesures prises par le Comité. Le texte intégral de la décision est reproduit ci‑dessous.", "\"G (48) Coopération dans le domaine des transports", "La Commission économique pour l'Europe,", "Rappelant ses décisions O (45), F (46), B (47), F (47) et G (47),", "Réaffirmant la priorité élevée des questions relatives aux transports,", "Consciente des problèmes rencontrés par les pays en transition pour créer des mécanismes d'économie de marché dans le domaine des transports,", "Soulignant en conséquence l'importance d'un réseau efficace d'infrastuctures de transport pour le développement de l'économie des pays en transition,", "Réaffirmant la nécessité d'assurer une coopération étroite avec la Communauté européenne et les organisations qui traitent des questions de transport, en vue de mettre au point un concept cohérent de transports européens et d'éviter des activités en double et un gaspillage de ressources,", "Affirmant être convaincue que la CEE a un rôle éminent à jouer en ce qui concerne la coopération dans le domaine des transports régionaux,", "1. Prend note en s'en félicitant du rapport et des conclusions de la cinquante‑cinquième session du Comité des transports intérieurs;", "2. Se félicite de toutes les contributions pertinentes du Comité à la préparation approfondie de la deuxième Conférence européenne des transports;", "3. Encourage le secrétariat à élaborer les éléments d'une charte européenne des transports reflétant les secteurs importants d'activité de la CEE;", "4. Accepte l'invitation contenue dans le programme Action 21 de la CNUED d'étudier la possibilité d'organiser une conférence régionale sur les transports et l'environnement et prie le Secrétaire exécutif de réaliser cette étude en coopération avec les Etats membres, la Communauté européenne et les organisations intéressées, en utilisant pleinement les connaissances spécialisées et en tenant compte des vues des organes subsidiaires principaux intéressés, en particulier du Comité des transports intérieurs, des Conseillers pour les problèmes de l'environnement et de l'eau et du Comité de l'énergie, et de rendre compte des résultats de l'étude à la Commission suffisamment tôt avant la quarante‑neuvième session pour qu'elle puisse préparer ses décisions ultérieures sur cette question;", "5. Fait sienne la décision du Comité des transports intérieurs d'organiser une semaine européenne de la sécurité routière en 1995;", "6. Appuie les travaux entrepris pour mettre à jour les dispositions relatives au transport des marchandises dangereuses par les voies navigables intérieures (ADN), en prenant note du point de vue exprimé par le Comité des transports intérieurs selon lequel il serait nécessaire d'harmoniser ces dispositions avec les Règles relatives au transport de marchandises dangereuses sur le Rhin (ADNR) et souligne qu'il est nécessaire d'en achever la rédaction;", "7. Se félicite de l'augmentation du nombre des Parties contractantes aux Accords et Conventions de la CEE et invite les gouvernements qui n'ont pas encore adhéré à ces accords et conventions, surtout lorsqu'ils ne sont pas encore en vigueur, à examiner la possibilité de le faire;", "8. Souligne qu'il importe de continuer d'élaborer et d'achever rapidement les projets communs d'infrastructures routières et ferroviaires (TEM, TER et autres) et se félicite des progrès réalisés jusqu'ici;", "9. Fait sienne la résolution No 240 du Comité des transports intérieurs sur le développement du transport combiné sur les voies navigables intérieures et encourage le Comité à en faire un instrument juridiquement contraignant;", "10. Prie les Etats membres d'accroître leurs efforts en vue de déterminer les goulets d'étranglement et les chaînons manquants dans les réseaux internationaux d'infrastructures, et de proposer des solutions dans le cadre des accords pertinents de la CEE en vue de résoudre ces problèmes;", "11. Invite le Comité des transports intérieurs à poursuivre l'examen d'un rôle éventuel de la CEE dans la mise en place d'un système cohérent de réseaux d'infrastructures de transport en Europe;", "12. Appuie les travaux en cours relatifs à la révision de l'Accord de 1958 concernant l'adoption des conditions uniformes d'homologation et la reconnaissance réciproque de l'homologation des équipements et pièces de véhicules à moteur, et exprime l'avis que cette révision devrait être achevée dès que possible;", "13. Se félicite de l'achèvement de la révision de la Convention de 1968 sur la signalisation routière et l'Accord européen de 1971 la complétant;", "14. Prend note des résultats du Séminaire mondial sur l'impact des dimensions croissantes des unités de chargement dans le transport combiné et fait siennes les conclusions du Comité des transports intérieurs à cet égard, en particulier celle tendant à encourager le secrétariat et le Groupe de travail du transport combiné à surveiller l'évolution de la situation;", "15. Souligne qu'il est nécessaire de poursuivre l'harmonisation des règlements internationaux pour le transport des marchandises dangereuses;", "16. Fait sien le mandat révisé adopté par le Comité des transports intérieurs pour ses futurs travaux;", "17. Accepte la proposition du Comité des transports intérieurs de tenir sa prochaine session au milieu de janvier pour lui permettre de présenter son rapport à la dernière réunion informelle spéciale avant la session annuelle de la Commission;", "18. Souligne la nécessité de nommer immédiatement des administrateurs suffisamment qualifiés et expérimentés pour remplir les postes vacants dans le secteur du transport des marchandises dangereuses ainsi que dans d'autres secteurs des transports et de maintenir à la Division des transports le nombre et le niveau des administrateurs", "et autres fonctionnaires et prie le Secrétaire exécutif de tenir le Comité des transports intérieurs régulièrement informé de la situation dans ce domaine;", "19. Prie le Secrétaire exécutif de faire rapport à la Commission, à sa quarante‑neuvième session, sur l'application de la présente décision.", "8ème séance", "26 avril 1993\"", "IV.Session de fond de 1993 du Conseil économique et social", "6. L'attention du Comité est attirée sur les résolutions ci‑après adoptées par le Conseil économique et social à sa session de fond de 1993 (New York, 28 juin ‑ 30 juillet 1993).", "RESOLUTIONS", "1993/50. Travaux du Comité d'experts en matière de transport", "des marchandises dangereuses", "Le Conseil économique et social,", "Rappelant ses résolutions 468 (XV) du 15 avril 1953, 1983/7 du 26 mai 1983, 1985/9 du 28 mai 1985, 1986/66 du 23 juillet 1986, 1987/54 du 28 mai 1987, 1989/104 du 27 juillet 1989 et 1991/57 du 26 juillet 1991,", "Notant l'accroissement constant du volume de marchandises dangereuses entrant dans le commerce international et l'essor rapide de la technologie et de l'innovation,", "Notant également qu'au chapitre 19 du programme Action 21, la Conférence des Nations Unies sur l'environnement et le développement a recommandé que des organismes internationaux, et notamment le Programme international sur la sécurité des substances chimiques de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, l'Organisation internationale du Travail et le Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement, ainsi que l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, l'Organisation maritime internationale, le Comité d'experts en matière de transport des marchandises dangereuses, l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, en collaboration avec les autorités régionales et nationales disposant actuellement de systèmes de classement et d'étiquetage et d'autres systèmes de diffusion de l'information, constituent un groupe de coordination dans le but d'établir et d'élaborer un système harmonisé de classement et d'étiquetage pour les produits chimiques,", "Notant en outre qu'à la suite des demandes qu'il a faites dans ses résolutions 1983/7, 1985/9, 1986/66, 1987/54, 1989/104 et 1991/57 afin d'obtenir les ressources en personnel nécessaires au Comité, un poste supplémentaire d'administrateur avait été accordé mais qu'il n'a pas encore été officiellement pourvu, malgré les dispositions temporaires prises en matière de redéploiement,", "Gardant présente à l'esprit la nécessité continue de répondre au souci croissant de protéger les êtres vivants, les biens et l'environnement en assurant la sécurité du transport des marchandises dangereuses tout en facilitant les échanges,", "Conscient que, en vue d'harmoniser les diverses législations à l'échelon international, les institutions spécialisées et d'autres organisations internationales participant à des activités ayant trait au transport des marchandises dangereuses, ainsi que les Etats membres intéressés, ont réagi favorablement aux résolutions pertinentes qu'il a adoptées depuis sa résolution 468 (XV) et se sont engagés à formuler leurs normes et règlements, y compris ceux concernant le classement et l'étiquetage, en se fondant sur les recommandations du Comité d'experts en matière de transport des marchandises dangereuses, et se fient donc aux travaux du Comité,", "Conscient des préoccupations exprimées par l'Assemblée de l'Organisation maritime internationale, dans sa résolution A/717 (17) du 6 novembre 1991, au sujet de l'élaboration de nouvelles conventions, législations et recommandations concernant les marchandises dangereuses ou la gestion des produits chimiques en dehors du cadre coordonné du Comité d'experts en matière de transport des marchandises dangereuses, et conscient aussi du fait que l'Assemblée avait instamment prié tous les organismes des Nations Unies et les autres organismes intergouvernementaux intéressés qui s'occupent de divers aspects de la gestion des produits chimiques de coordonner leurs efforts en vue de veiller à la compatibilité de toute législation concernant les produits chimiques avec les règles et les réglementations établies en matière de transport,", "Reconnaissant la nécessité croissante d'une coopération entre les organismes internationaux participant à des activités liées au transport des marchandises dangereuses et ceux dont les activités portent sur d'autres aspects de la sécurité des produits chimiques,", "Confirmant la nécessité pour le Comité d'experts en matière de transport des marchandises dangereuses de participer activement aux activité pertinentes associées à la mise en oeuvre du programme Action 21,", "Réaffirmant qu'il est souhaitable d'élargir la base de décision du Comité en encourageant la participation de pays en développement et d'autres pays non membres à ses travaux ultérieurs,", "1. Prend note du rapport du Secrétaire général sur les travaux du Comité d'experts en matière de transport des marchandises dangereuses au cours de la période biennale 1991‑1992 ainsi que des nouvelles recommandations et des recommandations modifiées dont le Comité a approuvé l'inclusion dans ses recommandations existantes;", "2. Prie le Secrétaire général :", "a) d'incorporer dans le texte existant des recommandations du Comité d'experts en matière de transport des marchandises dangereuses toutes les nouvelles recommandations et les recommandations modifiées approuvées par le Comité à sa dix‑septième session;", "b) de publier les nouvelles recommandations et les recommandations modifiées dans toutes les langues officielles de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, de la manière la plus rentable, d'ici à la fin de 1993;", "c) de distribuer immédiatement après publication le texte des nouvelles recommandations et des recommandations modifiées aux gouvernements des Etats membres, aux institutions spécialisées, à l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique et aux autres organisations internationales concernées;", "3. Invite tous les gouvernements, les institutions spécialisées, l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique et les autres organisations internationales concernées à faire part au Secrétaire général de leurs observations sur les travaux du Comité, en les accompagnant éventuellement de commentaires sur les recommandations modifiées;", "4. Invite tous les gouvernements intéressés et les organisations internationales concernées à tenir pleinement compte, dans l'élaboration des codes et règlements appropriés, des recommandations du Comité;", "5. Invite tous les gouvernements et les organisations internationales intéressés par la mise en oeuvre du chapitre 19 du programme Action 21 et, participant à l'établissement d'un système de classement et d'étiquetage mondialement harmonisé pour les produits chimiques, à éviter les doubles emplois dans leurs activités et à faire en sorte que le nouveau système s'inspire dans toute la mesure possible du système bien reconnu et mis en oeuvre sur le plan international, établi par le Comité d'experts en matière de transport des marchandises dangereuses ou qu'il soit compatible avec lui;", "6. Prie le Secrétaire général de prendre toutes les mesures nécessaires pour assurer la représentation du secrétariat du Comité d'experts en matière de transport des marchandises dangereuses aux réunions appropriées des organisations internationales qui se sont engagées à appliquer les recommandations du Comité ou qui participent au processus d'harmonisation mondiale des systèmes de classement et d'étiquetage pour les produits chimiques;", "7. Recommande de nouveau que des fonds suffisants soient prévus pour appuyer les travaux du Comité;", "8. Recommande que le personnel nécessaire pour assurer un service adéquat du Comité continue d'être prévu et que le poste vacant d'administrateur soit pourvu en priorité;", "9. Prie le Secrétaire général de présenter au Conseil, en 1995, un rapport sur l'application de la présente résolution.", "45ème séance plénière", "29 juillet 1993", "1993/60.Liaison fixe Europe‑Afrique à travers le détroit de Gibraltar", "Le Conseil économique et social,", "Rappelant ses résolutions 1982/57 du 30 juillet 1982, 1983/62 du 29 juillet 1983, 1984/75 du 27 juillet 1984, 1985/70 du 26 juillet 1985, 1987/69 du 8 juillet 1987, 1989/119 du 28 juillet 1989, 1991/74 du 26 juillet 1991 et 1992/45 du 31 juillet 1992,", "Se référant à la résolution 43/179 de l'Assemblée générale en date du 20 décembre 1988 par laquelle l'Assemblée a proclamé la période 1991‑2000 deuxième Décennie des transports et des communications en Afrique,", "Se référant également à la résolution 912 (1989), adoptée le 1er février 1989 par l'Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l'Europe 1/, relative aux mesures visant à encourager la construction d'un axe de circulation de l'Europe du Sud‑Ouest et à étudier de manière approfondie la possibilité d'une liaison fixe à travers le détroit de Gibraltar,", "Conscient que le projet de liaison fixe contribuera à ouvrir de meilleures perspectives pour l'amélioration des réseaux de transport y débouchant et pour le développement d'une coopération plus large entre l'Europe et l'Afrique,", "Conscient également de l'impact économique et des effets d'intégration régionale et interrégionale du projet,", "Tenant compte, d'une part, du développement important du projet tant au niveau de la reconnaissance du site du détroit de Gibraltar et des études d'ingénierie qu'au niveau des études socio‑éconimiques et, d'autre part, du programme des travaux en cours qui devra déboucher d'ici à la fin de l'année sur le choix de la solution la plus intéressante,", "_________________________", "1/ Voir Conseil de l'Europe, Assemblée parlementaire, quarantième session ordinaire (troisième partie), 30 janvier ‑ 3 février 1989, Textes adoptés par l'Assemblée, Strasbourg, 1989.", "Prenant note des recommandations et des conclusions du rapport d'évaluation des études du projet couvrant la période 1982‑1993 2/, préparé conformément à la résolution 1991/74 du Conseil, par la Commission économique pour l'Afrique et la Commission économique pour l'Europe,", "1. Se félicite de la coopération établie autour du projet entre les Gouvernements espagnol et marocain, la Commission économique pour l'Afrique et la Commission économique pour l'Europe;", "2. Se félicite également de la réponse favorable donnée par l'Association internationale des tunnels et le Centre d'études des transports en Méditerranée occidentale à l'appel lancé par le Conseil économique et social dans sa résolution 1991/74;", "3. Félicite la Commission économique pour l'Afrique et la Commission économique pour l'Europe pour le travail accompli dans la préparation du rapport d'évaluation du projet demandé par le Conseil dans sa résolution 1991/74;", "4. Invite les institutions scientifiques et techniques concernées à participer à la session spéciale sur la liaison fixe à travers le détroit de Gibraltar qui aura lieu au Caire, en avril 1994, sous l'égide de la Commission économique pour l'Afrique, la Commission économique pour l'Europe et l'Association internationale des tunnels;", "5. Invite les Etats concernés et les organismes compétents à coopérer avec les Gouvernements espagnol et marocain dans la réalisation d'études pour le développement du projet et à participer au Colloque international sur la liaison fixe qui aura lieu à Séville (Espagne) courant 1994;", "6. Demande aux secrétaires exécutifs de la Commission économique pour l'Afrique et de la Commission économique pour l'Europe de participer activement au suivi du projet et de faire rapport à ce sujet au Conseil économique et social à sa session de fond de 1995;", "7. Prie le Secrétaire général d'apporter tout son appui à la Commission économique pour l'Afrique et à la Commission économique pour l'Europe pour leur permettre de mener à bien les actions ci‑dessus mentionnées, et dans la mesure où les priorités existantes le permettent, de leur apporter les ressources pertinentes nécessaires.", "46ème séance plénière", "30 juillet 1993", "-----", "________________________", "2/ E/1993/80." ]	[ "RESTRICTED", "TRANS/R.373", "2 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "(Fifty-sixth session, 17-21 January 1994,", "agenda item 2)", "MATTERS ARISING FROM THE FORTY-EIGHTH SESSION", "OF THE ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE AND THE", "SECOND REGULAR SESSION OF 1993 OF THE ECONOMIC", "AND SOCIAL COUNCIL", "Note by the secretariat", "I.Discussion of the work of the Inland Transport Committee at the", "forty-eighth session of the Economic Commission for Europe", "1. The activities in the field of transport were considered at the forty-eighth session of the Commission. The discussion was introduced by the Chairman of the Inland Transport Committee, Mr. P. Danjord (Norway).", "2. The discussion is summarized in paragraphs 58 to 60 and 102 to 108 of the Commission's Annual Report (E/1993/37-E/ECE/1284). Copies of this annual report will be available to participants at the fifty-sixth session.", "____________________________________________________________________________", "\| \|", "\| The distribution of documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its \|", "\| subsidiary bodies is limited. They are distributed only to Governments, \|", "\| to specialized agencies and to governmental and non-governmental \|", "\| organizations which take part in the work of the Committee and of its \|", "\| subsidiary bodies and should not be given to newspapers or periodicals. \|", "\|____________________________________________________________________________\|", "GE.93-24178", "TRANS/R.373", "page 2", "II.Decisions of the Commission", "3. At its forty-eighth meeting the Commission adopted 13 decisions the full text of which can be found in chapter IV of the Commission's annual report.", "4. The views expressed or agreed in relation thereto by member Governments in the course of the forty-eighth session of the Commission are summarized in", "chapter III of that report in the paragraphs indicated below:", "Decision", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "E/1993/37", "E/ECE/1284", "Paragraphs", "A (48)", "B (48)", "C (48)", "D (48)", "E (48)", "F (48)", "G (48)", "H (48)", "I (48)", "J (48)", "K (48)", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "Recommendation to ECOSOC for non-participation", "of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and", "Montenegro) in the work of the Economic Commission", "for Europe", "The Commission's activities designed to assist", "countries of the region in transition to a market", "economy and their integration with the European", "and global economy", "Economic cooperation in the Mediterranean in the", "light of the final act of the Conference on", "Security and Cooperation in Europe", "The work of the Commission and its future", "activities", "The provision of adequate resources for the servicing of the priority and other sectors of the Economic Commission for Europe", "Cooperation in the field of environment and sustainable development", "Cooperation in the field of transport", "Cooperation and sustainable development in the chemical industry", "Reporting from the subsidiary bodies of the Commission", "Strengthening of international cooperation and coordination of efforts to study, mitigate and minimize the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant", "The ECE's contribution to the preparatory work of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 1995", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "23", "75-83", "84-89", "90-92", "93-101", "102-108", "135-139", "168-183", "187-194", "195", "Decision", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "E/1993/37", "E/ECE/1284", "Paragraphs", "L (48)", "M (48)", "N (48)", "Preparation for and organization of the annual session", "Amendments of the Rules of Procedure of the ECE", "Recommendation to ECOSOC to amend the ECE Terms of Reference", "", "", "", "208", "209", "210", "III. Decisions of particular concern to the work of the Inland Transport Committee", "5. The Commission, by adopting decision G (48) on \"Cooperation in the field of transport\" wishes to reiterate the priority role of transport within the framework of regional economic cooperation, to emphasize the necessity of continuous, effective action in this field and to endorse the action undertaken by the Committee. The text of this decision is reproduced below.", "\"G (48) COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPORT", "The Economic Commission for Europe,", "Recalling its decisions 0 (45), F (46), B (47), F (47) and G (47),", "Reiterating the high priority of transport questions,", "Conscious of the problems of countries in transition in developing market economy mechanisms in the field of transport,", "Stressing consequently the importance of an efficient network of transport infrastructures for the development of the economies of countries in transition,", "Reiterating the need to ensure close cooperation with the European Community and organizations dealing with transport questions with a view to achieving a coherent European Transport Concept and to avoid duplication of work and waste of resources.", "Underlining its conviction that the ECE has a prominent role in regional transport cooperation,", "1. Takes note with appreciation of the report and the conclusions of the fifty-fifth session of the Inland Transport Committee;", "2. Welcomes all pertinent contributions of the Committee to the thorough preparation of the second European Transport Conference;", "3. Encourages the secretariat to elaborate elements for a European Transport Charter which reflect the important areas of the work of the ECE;", "4. Accepts the invitation contained in UNCED Agenda 21 to study the feasibility of organizing a regional conference on transport and the environment and requests the Executive Secretary to carry out such a study in cooperation with member States, the European Community and interested organizations, making full use of the expertise and taking into account the views of the Principal Subsidiary Bodies concerned, especially the Inland Transport Committee, the Senior Advisers on Environmental and Water Problems and the Committee on Energy, and to report the results of the study to the Commission well in advance of the forty-ninth session in order to prepare its further decisions on the matter;", "5. Endorses the decision of the Inland Transport Committee to stage a European Road Safety Week in 1995;", "6. Supports the work undertaken to update the Provisions concerning the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways (ADN), taking note of the view of the Inland Transport Committee that harmonization is necessary with the regulations for the Carriage of Dangerous Substances on the Rhine (ADNR) and urges the need for their completion;", "7. Welcomes the increasing number of Contracting Parties to ECE Agreements and Conventions and invites Governments which have not yet acceded to those, especially if they are not yet in force, to examine possibilities for doing so;", "8. Underlines the importance of further development and early completion of joint road and rail infrastructure projects (TEM and TER and others) and welcomes the achievements made so far;", "9. Endorses Resolution No. 240 of the Inland Transport Committee on the development of combined transport on inland waterways and encourages it to turn it into a legally binding instrument;", "10. Requests member Governments to increase their efforts to identify bottlenecks and missing links in international infrastructure networks and to propose solutions in the framework of the relevant ECE Agreements in order to solve these problems;", "11. Invites the Inland Transport Committee to consider further a possible role of the ECE for the implementation of a coherent system of transport infrastructure networks in Europe;", "12. Supports the ongoing work on the revision of the 1958 Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts and expresses the view that this revision should be finalized as soon as possible;", "13. Welcomes the completion of the revision of the 1968 Convention on Road Signs and Signals and the 1971 European Agreement supplementing it;", "14. Takes note of the results of the Global Seminar on the Impact of Increasing Dimensions of Loading Units on Combined Transport and endorses the conclusions drawn by the Inland Transport Committee in that respect especially the encouragement of the secretariat and the Working Group on Combined Transport to monitor further developments;", "15. Underlines the necessity for further harmonization of international regulations for the transport of dangerous goods;", "16. Endorses the revised Terms of Reference adopted by the Inland Transport Committee for its future work;", "17. Agrees to the proposal of the Inland Transport Committee to hold its next session in the middle of January to ensure the submission of its report to the last Ad Hoc Informal Meeting prior to the Annual Session of the Commission;", "18. Stresses the necessity immediately to appoint professionals sufficiently qualified and experienced to fill the vacant posts in the sector of transport of dangerous goods as well as in other transport sectors and to maintain in the Transport Division the number and level of professional and other staff and requests the Executive Secretary to keep the Inland Transport Committee regularly informed of the situation in that field;", "19. Requests the Executive Secretary to report to the Commission at its forty-ninth session on the implementation of this decision.", "9th meeting", "26 April 1993", "IV.Substantive session of 1993 of the Economic and Social Council", "6. The attention of the Committee is drawn to the following resolutions adopted by the Economic and Social Council at its substantive session of 1993 (N.Y.", "28 June - 30 July 1993).", "RESOLUTIONS", "1993/50. Work of the Committee of Experts on the Transport", "of Dangerous Goods", "The Economic and Social Council,", "Recalling its resolutions 468 (XV) of 15 April 1953, 1983/7 of 26 May 1983, 1985/9 of 28 May 1985, 1986/66 of 23 July 1986, 1987/54 of 28 May 1987, 1989/104 of 27 July 1989 and 1991/57 of 26 July 1991,", "Noting the ever-increasing volume of dangerous goods in world-wide commerce and the rapid expansion of technology and innovation,", "Noting also the recommendation made by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, in chapter 19 of Agenda 21, that international bodies, including the International Programme on Chemical Safety of the World Health Organization, the International Labour Organisation and the United Nations Environment Programme, as well as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Maritime Organization, the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, in cooperation with regional and national authorities having existing classification and labelling systems and other systems for the dissemination of information, establish a coordinating group with a view to establishing and elaborating a harmonized classification and labelling system for chemicals,", "Noting further that in response to its requests, made in its resolutions 1983/7, 1985/9, 1986/66, 1987/54, 1989/104 and 1991/57 for adequate staff resources for servicing the Committee, an additional Professional post was granted but has not yet been filled officially, in spite of temporary redeployment arrangements,", "Bearing in mind the continuing need to meet the growing concern for the protection of life, property and the environment through the safe transport of dangerous goods while facilitating trade,", "Aware that, in order to achieve internationally harmonized laws, the specialized agencies and other international organizations involved in activities related to the transport of dangerous goods, as well as interested Member States, have responded positively to the relevant resolutions adopted since its resolution 468 (XV) and are committed to taking the recommendations of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods as a basis for the formulation of their requirements and regulations, including those concerning classification and labelling, and therefore rely on the work of the Committee,", "Aware of the concern expressed by the Assembly of the International Maritime Organization, in its resolution A.717 (17) of 6 November 1991, with regard to the development of new conventions, legislation and recommendations relating to dangerous goods or to the management of chemicals outside the coordinated forum of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, and aware also that the Assembly had urged all United Nations and other intergovernmental bodies concerned working on various aspects of the management of chemicals to coordinate their efforts in order to ensure the compatibility of any legislation on chemicals with established transport rules and regulations,", "Recognizing the increasing need for cooperation between international bodies involved in activities related to the transport of dangerous goods and those involved in other aspects of chemical safety,", "Confirming the need for the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods to participate actively in relevant activities associated with the implementation of Agenda 21,", "Reaffirming the desirability of widening the decision-making base of the Committee by encouraging the participation of developing countries and other non-member countries in its future work,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods during the biennium 1991-1992 and of the new and amended recommendations approved by the Committee for inclusion in its existing recommendations;", "2. Request the Secretary-General:", "(a) to incorporate in the existing recommendations of the Committee on the Transport of Dangerous Goods all the new and amended recommendations approved by the Committee at its seventeenth session;", "(b) To publish the new and amended recommendations in all the official languages of the United Nations, in the most cost-effective manner, not later than the end of 1993;", "(c) To circulate the new and amended recommendations immediately after their publication to the Governments of Member States, the specialized agencies, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the other international organizations concerned;", "3. Invites all Governments, the specialized agencies, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the other international organizations concerned to transmit to the Secretary-General their views on the Committee's work, together with any comments they may wish to make on the amended recommendations;", "4. Invites all interested Governments and the international organizations concerned, when developing appropriate codes and regulations, to take full account of the recommendations of the Committee;", "5. Invites all Governments and the international organizations concerned with the implementation of chapter 19 of Agenda 21 and participating in the development of a globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals to avoid duplication of work and to ensure that, to the greatest extent possible, the new system draws on, or is compatible with, the internationally well-recognized and implemented system developed by the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to take all necessary steps to ensure secretariat representation of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods at appropriate meetings of international organizations committed to implementing the recommendations of the Committee or involved in the process of global harmonization of classification and labelling systems for chemicals;", "7. Recommends once again that adequate funding be provided to support the work of the Committee;", "8. Recommends that the staff necessary for the adequate servicing of the Committee continue to be made available, and that the vacant Professional post be filled as a matter of priority;", "9. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the Council in 1995 a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "45th plenary meeting", "29 July 1993", "1993/60. Europe-Africa permanent link through the Strait of Gibraltar", "The Economic and Social Council,", "Recalling its resolutions 1982/57 of 30 July 1982, 1983/62 of 29 July 1983, 1984/75 of 27 July 1984, 1985/70 of 26 July 1985. 1987/69 of 8 July 1987, 1989/119 of 28 July 1989, 1991/74 of 26 July 1991 and 1992/45 of 31 July 1992,", "Referring to General Assembly resolution 43/179 of 20 December 1988, by which the Assembly declared the period 1991-2000 the Second Transport and Communications Decade in Africa,", "Also referring to resolution 912 (1989), adopted on 1 February 1989 by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 1/ regarding measures to encourage the construction of a major traffic artery in south-western Europe and to study thoroughly the possibility of a permanent link through the Strait of Gibraltar,", "Conscious that the project for the permanent link will help offer better prospects for the improvement of the transport networks connected to it and for the development of broader cooperation between Europe and Africa,", "Also conscious of the economic impact and regional and interregional integration effects of the project;", "Taking account, first, of the considerable work done on the project in terms of the surveying of the Strait of Gibraltar site and the engineering and socio-economic studies carried out and, secondly, of the ongoing programme of work, which, by the end of the year should lead to the choice of the most advantageous solution,", "Taking note of the recommendations and conclusions of the evaluation report on the studies relating to the project for the period 1982-1993, 2/ prepared by the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe, in accordance with Council resolution 1991/74,", "1. Welcomes the cooperation on the project between the Governments of Morocco and Spain, the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe,", "2. Also welcomes the favourable response of the International Tunnel Association and the Centre for Studies on Transport in the Western Mediterranean to the appeal made by the Economic and Social Council in resolution 1991/74;", "_________", "1/ See Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, Fortieth Ordinary Session (third part), 30 January - 3 February 1989, Texts Adopted by the Assembly, Strasbourg, 1989.", "2/ E/1993/80.", "3. Commends the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe on the work done in preparing the project evaluation report requested by the Council in resolution 1991/74;", "4. Invites the scientific and technical institutions concerned to take part in the special session on the permanent link through the Strait of Gibraltar, which will be held in Cairo in April 1994, under the auspices of the Economic Commission for Europe and the International Tunnel Association;", "5. Invites the States concerned and the competent bodies to cooperate with the Governments of Morocco and Spain in carrying out studies for the implementation of the project and to take part in the International Colloquium on the Permanent Link, which will be held at Seville, Spain, in 1994;", "6. Requests the Executive Secretaries of the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe to take an active part in the follow-up to the project and to report thereon to the Economic and Social Council at its substantive session of 1995;", "7. Calls upon the Secretary-General to give his full support to the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe to enable them to carry out the above-mentioned activities and, within existing priorities, to provide them with the necessary resources.", "46th plenary meeting", "30 July 1993" ]	[ "RESTREINT", "TRANS/R.373", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE", "(Fifty-sixth session, 17-21 January 1994,", "Agenda item 2)", "MATTERS DECIDED FROM THE FORTY-EIGHTH SESSION", "ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE AND THE", "OF THE SECOND REGULAR SESSION OF 1993", "ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL", "Note by the secretariat", "I. Review of the work of the Inland Transport Committee at the forty-eighth session of the Economic Commission for Europe", "1.The Commission considered activities in the field of transport at its forty-eighth session.Mr. P. Danjord (Norway), Chairman of the Inland Transport Committee, made an introductory statement.", "Documents of the Inland Transport Committee and its subsidiary bodies are distributed in limited form.They shall be communicated only to Governments, specialized agencies, governmental and non-governmental organizations participating in the work of the Committee and its subsidiary bodies;they must not be communicated to newspapers or periodicals.", "GE.93-24179 (F)", "2.The discussion is summarized in paragraphs 58-60 and 102-108 of the Commission ' s annual report (E/1993/37-E/ECE/1284).Copies of this annual report will be made available to participants at the fifty-sixth session of the Inland Transport Committee.", "II.Commission decisions", "3.At its forty-eighth session, the Commission adopted 14 decisions reproduced in full in chapter IV of its annual report.", "4.The views expressed and decisions taken by the Governments of member countries during the forty-eighth session of the Commission in this regard are summarized in chapter III of the annual report in the following paragraphs:", "Decision", "", "", "", "", "", "E/1993/37-", "E/ECE/1284", "Paragraphs", "A (48)", "Recommendation to the Economic and Social Council for the non-participation of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) in the work of the Economic Commission for Europe", "23", "B (48)", "Commission activities to assist countries in the region in transition to a market economy and their integration into the European and global economy", "75‑83", "C (48)", "Economic cooperation in the Mediterranean in the light of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe", "84‑89", "D (48)", "The work of the Commission and its future activities", "90‑92", "E (48)", "Provision of resources to service priority sectors and other sectors of the Economic Commission for Europe", "F (48)", "Cooperation in the field of environment and sustainable development", "93-101", "G (48)", "Cooperation in the field of transport", "102‑108", "H (48)", "Cooperation and sustainable development in the chemical industry", "135‑139", "I (48)", "Reports of subsidiary bodies to the Commission", "168‑183", "J (48)", "Strengthening international cooperation and coordination of efforts to study and mitigate as much as possible the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant", "187‑194", "K (48)", "ECE contribution to the preparatory work for the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 1995", "195", "L (48)", "Preparation and organization of the annual session", "208", "M (48)", "Amendments to the UNECE Rules of Procedure", "209", "N (48)", "Recommendation to the Economic and Social Council to amend the mandate of ECE", "210", "III.Decisions of particular relevance to the work of the Inland Transport Committee", "5.In adopting Decision G (48) on \"Transport Cooperation\", the Commission wished to reaffirm the priority role of transport in regional economic cooperation, stress the need to pursue an effective transport policy and endorse the measures taken by the Committee.The full text of the decision is reproduced below.", "\"G (48) Cooperation in the field of transport", "The Economic Commission for Europe,", "Recalling its decisions O (45), F (46), B (47), F (47) and G (47),", "Reaffirming the high priority of transport issues,", "Aware of the problems faced by countries with economies in transition in establishing market-based mechanisms in the field of transport,", "Emphasizing, therefore, the importance of an effective transport infrastructure network for the development of the economies in transition,", "Reaffirming the need to ensure close cooperation with the European Community and organizations dealing with transport issues, with a view to developing a coherent concept of European transport and avoiding duplication and waste of resources,", "Affirming its conviction that ECE has an outstanding role to play in regional transport cooperation,", "1.Takes note with appreciation of the report and conclusions of the fifty-fifth session of the Inland Transport Committee;", "2.Welcomes all relevant contributions of the Committee to the in-depth preparation of the Second European Transport Conference;", "3.Encourages the secretariat to develop elements of a European Transport Charter reflecting important sectors of UNECE activity;", "4.Accepts the invitation contained in Agenda 21 of UNCED to explore the possibility of organizing a regional conference on transport and the environment and requests the Executive Secretary to carry out this study in cooperation with member States, the European Community and interested organizations, making full use of the expertise and taking into account the views of the relevant Principal Subsidiary Bodies, in particular the Inland Transport Committee, the Advisers on Environment and Water and the Committee on Energy, and to report the results of the study to the Commission sufficiently early before the forty-ninth session so that it can prepare its subsequent decisions on this issue;", "5.Endorses the decision of the Inland Transport Committee to organize a European Road Safety Week in 1995;", "6.Supports the work undertaken to update the provisions on the transport of dangerous goods by inland waterways (ADN), noting the view expressed by the Inland Transport Committee that it would be necessary to harmonize these provisions with the Rules on the Transport of Dangerous Goods on the Rhine (ADNR), and stresses the need to complete the drafting of these provisions;", "7.Welcomes the increase in the number of Contracting Parties to the ECE Agreements and Conventions, and invites Governments that have not yet acceded to these Agreements and Conventions, especially when they are not yet in force, to consider the possibility of doing so;", "8.Stresses the importance of the continued development and early completion of joint road and rail infrastructure projects (TEM, TER and others) and welcomes the progress made so far;", "9.Endorses Inland Transport Committee resolution No. 240 on the development of combined transport on inland waterways and encourages the Committee to make it a legally binding instrument;", "10.Requests member States to increase their efforts to identify bottlenecks and missing links in international infrastructure networks and to propose solutions within the framework of relevant UNECE agreements to address these problems;", "11.Invites the Inland Transport Committee to continue to consider a possible role of UNECE in the development of a coherent system of transport infrastructure networks in Europe;", "12.Supports the ongoing work on the revision of the 1958 Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, and expresses the view that this revision should be completed as soon as possible;", "13.Welcomes the completion of the revision of the 1968 Convention on Road Signs and Signals and the 1971 European Agreement supplementing it;", "14.Takes note of the results of the Global Seminar on the Impact of the Growing Dimensions of Loading Units in Combined Transport and endorses the conclusions of the Inland Transport Committee in this regard, in particular the conclusions to encourage the secretariat and the Working Party on Combined Transport to monitor developments;", "15.Stresses the need to continue the harmonization of international regulations for the transport of dangerous goods;", "16.Endorses the revised terms of reference adopted by the Inland Transport Committee for its future work;", "17.Accepts the proposal of the Inland Transport Committee to hold its next session in mid-January to enable it to present its report to the last ad hoc informal meeting prior to the annual session of the Commission;", "18.Stresses the need for the immediate appointment of sufficiently qualified and experienced officers to fill vacancies in the transport of dangerous goods and other transport sectors and for the continuation of the number and level of Professional staff in the Transport Division", "and other officials, and requests the Executive Secretary to keep the Inland Transport Committee regularly informed of the situation in this regard;", "19.Requests the Executive Secretary to report to the Commission at its forty-ninth session on the implementation of the present decision.", "8th meeting", "26 April 1993", "IV. 1993 substantive session of the Economic and Social Council", "6.The attention of the Committee is drawn to the following resolutions adopted by the Economic and Social Council at its substantive session of 1993 (New York, 28 June-30 July 1993).", "RESOLUTIONS", "1993/50.Work of the Committee of Experts on Transport", "Transport of Dangerous Goods", "The Economic and Social Council,", "Recalling its resolutions 468 (XV) of 15 April 1953, 1983/7 of 26 May 1983, 1985/9 of 28 May 1985, 1986/66 of 23 July 1986, 1987/54 of 28 May 1987, 1989/104 of 27 July 1989 and 1991/57 of 26 July 1991,", "Noting the continuing increase in the volume of dangerous goods entering international trade and the rapid development of technology and innovation,", "Noting also that, in chapter 19 of Agenda 21, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recommended that international bodies, including the International Programme on Chemical Safety of the World Health Organization, the International Labour Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme, as well as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Maritime Organization, the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, in collaboration with regional and national authorities currently having classification and labelling systems and other information dissemination systems, should form a coordinating group to establish and develop a harmonized classification and labelling system for chemicals,", "Noting further that, following requests made in its resolutions 1983/7, 1985/9, 1986/66, 1987/54, 1989/104 and 1991/57 for the Committee's staffing requirements, an additional Professional post had been granted but had not yet been formally filled, despite temporary redeployment arrangements,", "Bearing in mind the continuing need to address the growing concern to protect living beings, property and the environment by ensuring the safe transport of dangerous goods while facilitating trade,", "Recognizing that, with a view to harmonizing various laws at the international level, the specialized agencies and other international organizations involved in activities related to the transport of dangerous goods, as well as the member States concerned, have responded favourably to the relevant resolutions adopted since its resolution 468 (XV) and have undertaken to formulate their standards and regulations, including those concerning classification and labelling, on the basis of the recommendations of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, and thus rely on the work of the Committee,", "Recognizing the concerns expressed by the Assembly of the International Maritime Organization in its resolution A/717 (17) of 6 November 1991 regarding the elaboration of new conventions, legislation and recommendations on dangerous goods or on the management of chemicals outside the coordinated framework of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, and also recognizing the fact that the Assembly had urged all relevant United Nations bodies and other intergovernmental bodies dealing with various aspects of chemicals management to coordinate their efforts to ensure the compatibility of any legislation relating to chemicals with the rules and regulations established for transport,", "Recognizing the growing need for cooperation between international bodies involved in activities related to the transport of dangerous goods and those whose activities cover other aspects of chemical safety,", "Confirming the need for the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods to participate actively in relevant activities associated with the implementation of Agenda 21,", "Reaffirming the desirability of broadening the Committee's decision-making base by encouraging the participation of developing and other non-member countries in its future work,", "1.Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the work of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods during the biennium 1991-1992 and the new and amended recommendations approved by the Committee for inclusion in its existing recommendations;", "2.Requests the Secretary-General:", "(a) To incorporate into the existing text recommendations of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods all new and amended recommendations approved by the Committee at its seventeenth session;", "(b) publish the new recommendations and the amended recommendations in all official languages of the United Nations in the most cost-effective manner by the end of 1993;", "(c) to distribute immediately after publication the text of the new recommendations and the amended recommendations to the Governments of the Member States, the specialized agencies, the International Atomic Energy Agency and other relevant international organizations;", "3.Invites all Governments, the specialized agencies, the International Atomic Energy Agency and other relevant international organizations to submit their comments on the work of the Committee to the Secretary-General, including, where appropriate, comments on the amended recommendations;", "4.Invites all interested Governments and relevant international organizations to take fully into account the recommendations of the Committee in the development of the appropriate codes and regulations;", "5.Invites all Governments and international organizations interested in the implementation of chapter 19 of Agenda 21 and, participating in the establishment of a globally harmonized classification and labelling system for chemicals, to avoid duplication of efforts and to ensure that the new system is based to the fullest extent possible on the well-recognized and internationally implemented system established by or compatible with the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods;", "6.Requests the Secretary-General to take all necessary measures to ensure the representation of the secretariat of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods at appropriate meetings of international organizations that have undertaken to implement the recommendations of the Committee or are participating in the process of global harmonization of classification and labelling systems for chemicals;", "7.Reiterates its recommendation that adequate funding be provided to support the work of the Committee;", "8.Recommends that the staff required to provide adequate servicing of the Committee continue to be provided and that the vacant Professional post be filled as a matter of priority;", "9.Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the Council, in 1995, a report on the implementation of the present resolution.", "45th plenary meeting", "29 July 1993", "1993/60.Europe-Africa fixed link through the Strait of Gibraltar", "The Economic and Social Council,", "Recalling its resolutions 1982/57 of 30 July 1982, 1983/62 of 29 July 1983, 1984/75 of 27 July 1984, 1985/70 of 26 July 1985, 1987/69 of 8 July 1987, 1989/119 of 28 July 1989, 1991/74 of 26 July 1991 and 1992/45 of 31 July 1992,", "Referring to General Assembly resolution 43/179 of 20 December 1988, by which the Assembly proclaimed the period 1991-2000 the Second Transport and Communications Decade in Africa,", "Referring also to Resolution 912 (1989), adopted on 1 February 1989 by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 1/ on measures to encourage the construction of a South-West Europe road and to explore in depth the possibility of a fixed link through the Strait of Gibraltar,", "Recognizing that the fixed link project will help to create better prospects for improving the transport networks leading to it and for the development of wider cooperation between Europe and Africa,", "Recognizing also the economic impact and the regional and interregional integration effects of the project,", "Taking into account, on the one hand, the significant development of the project both in terms of the recognition of the Strait of Gibraltar site and engineering studies and socio-economic studies and, on the other hand, the programme of work in progress which will have to lead by the end of the year to the choice of the most interesting solution,", "_________________________", "1/ See Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, fortieth ordinary session (third part), 30 January- 3 February 1989, Texts adopted by the Assembly, Strasbourg, 1989.", "Taking note of the recommendations and conclusions of the evaluation report of the project studies covering the period 1982-1993 2/ prepared in accordance with Council resolution 1991/74 by the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe,", "1.Welcomes the cooperation established on the project between the Governments of Morocco and Spain, the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe;", "2.Also welcomes the favourable response of the International Association of Tunnels and the Centre for Transport Studies in the Western Mediterranean to the call made by the Economic and Social Council in its resolution 1991/74;", "3.Commends the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe for the work done in the preparation of the project evaluation report requested by the Council in its resolution 1991/74;", "4.Invites relevant scientific and technical institutions to participate in the special session on fixed link through the Strait of Gibraltar to be held in Cairo in April 1994 under the auspices of the Economic Commission for Africa, the Economic Commission for Europe and the International Association of Tunnels;", "5.Invites the States concerned and the relevant bodies to cooperate with the Governments of Morocco and Spain in the preparation of studies for the development of the project and to participate in the International Symposium on Fixed Liaison to be held in Seville, Spain, during 1994;", "6.Requests the Executive Secretaries of the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe to participate actively in the follow-up to the project and to report thereon to the Economic and Social Council at its substantive session of 1995;", "7.Requests the Secretary-General to extend his full support to the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Europe to enable them to carry out the above-mentioned actions and to the extent that existing priorities permit, to provide them with the necessary resources.", "46th plenary meeting", "30 July 1993", "-----", "________________________", "2/ E/1993/80." 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"+95UaMYh+VuffYFJpDB2lllxlSX8nW8ltGaXAv0JzAQ="	fr	es	[ "Distr.", "GENERALE", "TD/B/CN.4/GE.1/3", "2 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "Original : ANGLAIS", "CONSEIL DU COMMERCE ET DU DEVELOPPEMENT", "Commission permanente du développement", "des secteurs de services", "(Transports maritimes)", "Groupe intergouvernemental d'experts portuaires", "Genève, 25 octobre 1993", "Points 3 et 4 de l'ordre du jour", "Conclusions du Groupe intergouvernemental d'experts portuaires /", "\"Les ports et le prochain millénaire\"", "Introduction", "1. Ces dernières années, les transports internationaux, y compris le commerce maritime et les ports, ont pris une place de plus en plus importante dans l'économie mondiale. Un marché mondial unique est apparu où la production, les transports, la distribution et la consommation de biens ne sont plus concentrés dans une région géographique limitée, mais intéressent au contraire la planète tout entière. Ces bouleversements ont été rendus possibles par le développement de systèmes et de réseaux complexes et intégrés de transport et de distribution, souvent contrôlés par des mégatransporteurs et des mégachargeurs, la majorité des marchandises étant transportées par mer. Cette évolution s'est inscrite et continue de s'inscrire dans un environnement concurrentiel, d'où découle une grande instabilité des courants commerciaux qui est source de risques, mais est aussi riche en perspectives pour les ports. Les risques sont particulièrement grands pour les pays et les ports qui n'ont pas anticipé ces changements et ne sont pas préparés aux décisions", "stratégiques à prendre, en particulier pour adapter leur gestion,", "_____________", "/ Telles qu'elles ont été adoptées à la 4ème séance plénière, le vendredi 29 octobre 1993.", "GE.93-54179 (F)", "leurs installations et leurs services aux besoins du commerce. Les perspectives découlent du fait que, dans le contexte de l'intégration des fonctions de transport et de distribution, un port moderne dispose de nombreux atouts et peut devenir l'un des quelques centres qui seront d'une importance stratégique pour le commerce international.", "A. Recommandations générales", "2. Les ports doivent prendre conscience de leur rôle fondamental dans la chaîne logistique de transport et assurer l'efficacité de leur contribution en élargissant leur propre définition. Il ne leur suffit plus de se concentrer sur des fonctions qui étaient jusque-là étroitement portuaires.", "3. Le Groupe recommande aux gouvernements d'engager une réflexion sur l'importance du rôle de leurs ports et sur le vaste potentiel de ceux-ci pour la promotion du commerce et du développement. Aux fins d'un soutien concret et de l'adoption de politiques portuaires valables, il recommande le recours à une planification à long terme (ou à des plans‑cadres) et à des méthodes de planification commerciale stratégique pour aider les gouvernements et les ports à traduire leurs objectifs en mesures de politique générale, en stratégies et en plans d'exécution, y compris des objectifs de résultat et des mécanismes d'évaluation. Cette démarche doit garantir la prise en compte des aspects relatifs à la gestion et à la mise en valeur des ressources humaines, ainsi que des aspects juridiques, financiers et opérationnels, y compris l'autonomie de gestion, le cas échéant.", "4. Le Groupe recommande au secrétariat de la CNUCED de poursuivre ses travaux en coopération avec ses homologues du système des Nations Unies et avec les autres organismes compétents dans de nombreux domaines de l'activité portuaire, y compris les activités d'assistance technique, les études, la formation et la communication, et d'en faire connaître les conclusions et les résultats par le biais de ses canaux habituels et par celui de réunions plus fréquentes et plus régulières du Groupe intergouvernemental d'experts. Le Groupe invite la Commission permanente à étudier la possibilité de convoquer de telles réunions à l'avenir. En outre, il propose que les questions relatives aux ports, au lieu d'être uniquement traitées comme des points subsidiaires, figurent plus souvent en tant que points de fond à part entière de l'ordre du jour des réunions nationales, régionales, intergouvernementales et internationales consacrées au commerce, au développement et aux questions d'environnement.", "5. Le Groupe intergouvernemental d'experts a noté avec un grand intérêt la diversité des modalités d'organisation et des structures de gestion adoptées par les ports. Il a également noté que la privatisation ou l'application de critères de gestion commerciale étaient extrêmement valables en tant que stratégies d'organisation ou de gestion, mais qu'elles ne pouvaient être considérées comme une fin en soi. Le Groupe reconnaît que la privatisation, l'application de critères de gestion commerciale ou la fédéralisation peuvent être valables dans certains secteurs, judicieusement sélectionnés, selon la situation particulière d'un pays. Parce que c'est là une approche souvent retenue aujourd'hui et parce que d'autres approches peuvent être tout aussi utiles en fonction des conditions institutionnelles et sociales locales, le Groupe recommande d'approfondir l'étude et l'analyse des points forts et des faiblesses de chacun de ces concepts et d'évaluer les incidences économiques d'un partage des fonctions entre le secteur public et le secteur privé.", "6. Une coopération régionale interportuaire a été réalisée dans certains domaines et s'est révélée utile. Le Groupe recommande à la CNUCED d'identifier cette coopération et d'en étudier les modalités, ainsi que les domaines d'activité couverts et la valeur que lui prêtent les participants.", "7. Le Groupe appuie les conclusions et recommandations de la réunion informelle d'experts juridiques sur les questions portuaires, qui figurent à l'annexe I du document UNCTAD/SHIP/639, notamment le voeu de voir se créer une association internationale de juristes portuaires.", "8. Tenant compte de l'importance de l'environnement et du développement durable, le Groupe intergouvernemental d'experts formule les recommandations suivantes :", "a) La concurrence entre les ports ne devrait en aucun cas s'appuyer sur l'absence de protection de l'environnement. A cette fin, les normes de pollution, les systèmes de tarification aux fins de la protection de l'environnement, etc., devraient être évalués au vu des problèmes à résoudre et des coûts réels à prévoir, en tenant compte des capacités spécifiques, techniques et financières de chaque port. Cette question devrait figurer à l'ordre du jour des travaux des associations régionales de ports. Le cas échéant, un soutien des pouvoirs publics peut être indispensable pour réaliser cette évaluation;", "b) Il faudrait élaborer des directives précisant les responsabilités des autorités portuaires et autres entités, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en matière de protection de l'environnement;", "c) Les institutions internationales ou les gouvernements des pays devraient envisager d'étudier et d'utiliser des mesures d'encouragement et de recourir à des sources de financement nouvelles, dès lors qu'une stratégie et un plan concrets ayant des chances de succès raisonnables ont été mis au point;", "d) Pour donner corps aux efforts en matière de développement durable, plus particulièrement aux responsabilités des ports en matière de protection de l'environnement, il conviendrait de créer, dans chaque port, un centre de coordination pour les questions d'environnement qui serait chargé de rassembler et de diffuser des renseignements (accidents, données, publications, lois, conférences, etc.). Ce centre devrait contribuer à l'élaboration d'une politique environnementale portuaire tenant compte des instruments internationaux ou des recommandations internationales, ainsi que des intérêts et règlements nationaux;", "e) Ce centre devrait en outre contribuer à la mise en oeuvre de la politique adoptée. Un mécanisme de coordination tel qu'un comité de l'environnement devrait être créé pour coordonner les mesures et informer toutes les parties intéressées, leur donner la possibilité d'exposer leurs vues et s'assurer de leur appui. Ce mécanisme devrait recueillir les avis de représentants des autorités nationales compétentes, des exploitants portuaires, des usagers portuaires et de la population vivant au voisinage du port;", "f) Les ports et les villes sont naturellement interdépendants. Il est nécessaire de prendre conscience du caractère vital de leurs liens et de renforcer ceux-ci. Parmi les nombreuses préoccupations concernant l'avenir examinées par le Groupe intergouvernemental d'experts figurait la nécessité de veiller à préserver un équilibre entre le développement des ports et de leurs liens avec les villes et la protection de l'environnement au profit des générations futures. Il faut bien avoir conscience que les activités maritimes n'ont pas et ne peuvent pas avoir pour cadre les estuaires de jadis. Toutefois, le Groupe intergouvernemental d'experts ne croit pas que les ports aient actuellement les moyens de réaliser l'équilibre souhaitable.", "B. Recommandations spécifiques", "1. Politique portuaire", "9. Le Groupe recommande que la politique portuaire tienne compte du fait que les ports, pour importants qu'ils soient, ne représentent qu'un maillon dans l'ensemble de la chaîne de transport (chemin de fer, routes, voies navigables) et que les administrations intégrées telles que les douanes, la police et les collectivités locales englobent les autres.", "10. Le Groupe émet le voeu que l'application de cette politique aille de pair avec un emploi optimal de la main-d'oeuvre, une efficacité accrue dans la manutention des marchandises, une utilisation intensive de l'EDI, une rationalisation des procédures et une exploitation efficace du matériel.", "Le Groupe recommande que les institutions internationales, ou les gouvernements nationaux, envisagent de rechercher et d'employer des moyens d'incitation et de recourir à des sources de financement inédites, dès lors qu'une stratégie et un plan concrets, ayant des chances de succès raisonnables, ont été mis au point.", "2. Organisation et gestion des ports", "11. Le Groupe reconnaît qu'il est nécessaire de moderniser l'organisation actuelle du système portuaire. Ce processus doit tenir compte des réalités et des spécificités sociales et économiques du pays considéré. De l'avis du Groupe, la méthode proposée dans le document TD/B/C.4/AC.7/13 pour l'examen et l'établissement d'un diagnostic du système portuaire semble être le meilleur moyen d'assurer une organisation et un contrôle adéquats d'un port, et il recommande de la considérer comme un outil essentiel à employer à cet effet. Le Groupe reconnaît également que le processus de modernisation doit être étayé par un cadre juridique approprié, qui tienne compte de la répartition la plus judicieuse des responsabilités entre les échelons central, régional et local, des fonctions qui reviennent aux entités privées, nationales et étrangères, et du rôle de la main-d'oeuvre portuaire au regard de l'orientation capitalistique et technologique croissante des ports.", "12. Les ports doivent tout mettre en oeuvre pour être efficaces, notamment en ce qui concerne le coût et la qualité du service offert à la clientèle, en vue de constituer des centres performants de transport et de distribution.", "13. Le Groupe s'est accordé à penser que dans l'environnement commercial d'aujourd'hui, la gestion portuaire devait être orientée vers le marché pour mieux satisfaire les clients, tout en tenant compte du fait que l'infrastructure portuaire revêt également une importance stratégique au plan national. Il faut à cet égard que les fonctions de marketing deviennent une des priorités de l'organisation et de la gestion du port, et que tous les acteurs de la communauté portuaire unissent leurs efforts pour promouvoir celui‑ci.", "14. Le Groupe intergouvernemental d'experts recommande de définir une politique portuaire assortie d'objectifs précis et de stratégies de développement axées sur les mutations institutionnelles nécessaires pour faire face à l'évolution du commerce et des transports. Il préconise que le secrétariat de la CNUCED étudie la possibilité de confier à l'Association internationale des villes et ports la réalisation d'une étude sur la notion de durabilité et les relations entre villes et ports, qui serait publiée dans la limite des ressources de la CNUCED.", "C.Recommandations concernant les activités du secrétariat de la CNUCED", "15. Ayant passé en revue les publications de la CNUCED dans le domaine des ports, le Groupe a jugé celles-ci très satisfaisantes. Elles suscitent un vif intérêt dans tous les pays, notamment les pays en développement qui n'ont pas toujours les moyens d'effectuer des recherches aussi approfondies. Cependant, il est incontestable que l'information sur le travail qu'accomplit le système des Nations Unies dans le domaine de l'organisation et de la gestion des ports ne fait pas l'objet d'une diffusion suffisamment large. Le bulletin portuaire de la CNUCED (Ports Newsletter) est une initiative des plus utiles qui contribue à combler cette lacune. Il faudrait néanmoins modifier sa distribution pour le faire parvenir non seulement à l'administrateur général de un ou deux ports dans chaque pays, mais aussi à d'autres intervenants clés. De plus, il conviendrait d'encourager les abonnements pour assurer un mode de distribution fiable au sein de la CNUCED.", "Questions à examiner", "16. Vu que quatre études sont déjà envisagées dans le programme de travail de la CNUCED pour 1994 et 1995 1/, le Groupe recommande de considérer les sujets ci‑après comme prioritaires pour des études supplémentaires, si des ressources suffisantes sont disponibles :", "1.Enquête sur les systèmes portuaires nationaux", "2.Analyse des relations entre la ville et le port", "3.Monographies sur la mise en valeur des ressources humaines dans les ports.", "17. Le Groupe est d'avis que la CNUCED et les gouvernements devraient vivement encourager la coopération entre ports à divers échelons, qu'il s'agisse de la mise en commun d'informations, de l'échange de données d'expérience, des activités de formation ou de connaissances spécialisées en matière de marketing.", "18. La formation est un des principaux domaines dans lesquels la CNUCED peut fournir une assistance. Conscient des efforts déployés et des résultats positifs obtenus jusqu'ici, le Groupe recommande de prévoir les ressources nécessaires et de poursuivre et renforcer les programmes de formation.", "19. Le Groupe a noté avec satisfaction que plus de 50 % des ressources dont la CNUCED dispose dans le domaine des ports sont consacrées à des activités de coopération technique et de formation. Le Groupe réaffirme son appui à l'actuel découpage d'activités des divers programmes de formation de la CNUCED dans le domaine des ports, visant à éviter les doubles emplois et les chevauchements d'efforts. L'initiative du secrétariat de la CNUCED tendant à mettre sur pied un cours de formation portuaire sanctionné par un diplôme à l'intention des cadres moyens et des nouvelles recrues est fort opportune et devrait être étudiée plus avant en collaboration avec l'American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) et d'autres organisations intéressées. Parallèlement, il faudrait mettre au point de nouveaux séminaires de politique générale et actualiser ceux qui existent déjà au vu des faits nouveaux survenus dans le commerce et les transports. Le Groupe préconise également un élargissement et une consolidation du réseau TRAINMAR au bénéfice des cadres moyens et débutants du secteur portuaire, un renforcement des initiatives de formation portuaire et une coopération accrue entre établissements de formation.", "20. Le Groupe s'est félicité de l'exposé sur le programme de coopération technique PNUD/CNUCED/PAM visant à remettre en état les ports de Somalie. Il recommande vivement que les pays donateurs et les ports qui sont en mesure de le faire se joignent à une telle entreprise et contribuent à la réfection complète du système portuaire somali. Le Groupe intergouvernemental d'experts recommande également que la CNUCED fasse office de cellule d'échange d'informations pour les ports désireux d'obtenir des renseignements sur les opérations de coopération technique comme celles de la Somalie et du Libéria.", "D. Questions diverses", "21. Le Groupe est d'avis que des réunions biennales, précédées d'un séminaire de haut niveau, seraient souhaitables. La Commission permanente est invitée à examiner cette possibilité.", "22. Le Groupe recommande d'établir, à l'intention des gouvernements et des ports intéressés, une liste des établissements portuaires, des entreprises privées et des particuliers à même de fournir des services d'experts en matière de gestion portuaire.", "Note", "1/ Il s'agit des études suivantes : 1994 : La tarification portuaire stratégique; analyse comparative de la privatisation, de la gestion commerciale et de la déréglementation dans le domaine des ports; 1995 : Possibilités de coopération régionale dans le domaine des ports; aspects financiers de la gestion des ports.", "-----" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "TD/B/CN.4/GE.1/3", "2 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "Original: INGLES", "JUNTA DE COMERCIO Y DESARROLLO", "Comisión Permanente de Desarrollo del Sector", "de los Servicios (Transporte Marítimo)", "Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos en Puertos", "Ginebra, 25 de octubre de 1993", "Temas 3 y 4 del programa", "CONCLUSIONES DEL GRUPO INTERGUBERNAMENTAL DE EXPERTOS EN PUERTOS", "\"Los puertos: preparación para el milenio\"", "Introducción", "1. Durante los últimos años el transporte internacional, incluidos el comercio marítimo y los puertos, ha cobrado cada vez más importancia en la economía mundial. Se ha formado un mercado mundial único en el que la producción, el transporte y la distribución y consumo de mercancías ya no se concentran en una zona geográfica limitada sino que están distribuidos por todo el planeta. Esos cambios espectaculares se han logrado gracias al desarrollo de sistemas y redes complejos e integrados de transporte y distribución, controlados a menudo por porteadores y cargadores gigantes que transportan la mayor parte de sus productos por vía marítima. Esa evolución ha tenido lugar y todavía se está desarrollando en un contexto competitivo, en el que el comercio es muy volátil y crea para los puertos tanto riesgos como oportunidades. Los riesgos son especialmente grandes para los países y para los puertos que no han anticipado esos cambios y que no están preparados para tomar decisiones estratégicas, en particular para ajustar la organización de su gestión, sus instalaciones y sus servicios en función de las necesidades", "las necesidades del comercio. Las oportunidades se derivan del hecho de que, en el proceso de integración de las funciones de transporte y distribución, un puerto moderno cuenta con muchos elementos positivos y puede llegar a ser uno de los pocos puntos nodales que tienen importancia estratégica para el comercio internacional.", "__________", " Aprobadas en la cuarta sesión plenaria, el viernes 29 de octubre de 1993.", "GE.93-54181 (S)", "A. Recomendaciones generales", "2. Los puertos deben reconocer que desempeñan un papel capital en la cadena de la logística del transporte y asegurar la eficacia de su contribución definiéndose a sí mismos en términos amplios. No basta con centrarse en las funciones situadas dentro de los límites del puerto.", "3. El Grupo recomienda que los gobiernos reflexionen sobre la importancia del papel de sus puertos y sus grandes posibilidades para promover el comercio y el desarrollo. A fin de traducir en la práctica su apoyo y adoptar políticas portuarias positivas, el Grupo recomienda que se utilicen planes a largo plazo (o planes maestros) y metodologías de planificación comercial estratégica para ayudar a los gobiernos y los puertos a plasmar sus objetivos en políticas, estrategias y medidas de aplicación, fijando incluso metas de cumplimiento y mecanismos de evaluación. Con esto se debe garantizar la inclusión de la gestión, los recursos humanos y las tácticas jurídicas, financieras y operacionales, estableciendo si conviene la autonomía de gestión.", "4. El Grupo recomienda que la secretaría de la UNCTAD siga trabajando, en cooperación con sus organismos hermanos dentro del sistema de las Naciones Unidas y otros organismos de expertos en muchas esferas de la actividad portuaria, incluida la asistencia técnica, los estudios, la capacitación y la comunicación, y que las conclusiones y resultados de sus actividades se pongan a disposición de los interesados por sus métodos usuales y mediante reuniones del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos de carácter más frecuente y regular. El Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos invita a la Comisión Permanente a examinar la posibilidad de convocar esas reuniones en el futuro. Además, el Grupo propone que los problemas de los puertos se incluyan con más frecuencia como temas concretos en los programas de las reuniones de nivel nacional, regional, intergubernamental e internacional que se ocupen de cuestiones relativas al comercio, el desarrollo y el medio ambiente y que no figuren solamente como puntos de otros temas.", "5. El Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos ha observado con gran interés que los puertos han escogido muchas formas de organización y estructuras de gestión. También ha observado que la privatización y gestión comercial constituyen un enfoque de la organización y gestión de gran valor, pero que no puede considerarse como un objetivo final en sí mismo. El Grupo reconoce que la privatización, la gestión comercial y la federalización pueden ser interesantes en ciertas esferas, escogidas cuidadosamente, pertinentes y adaptarlas a las condiciones que prevalecen en el país. Teniendo en cuenta que este planteamiento es nuevo y que también puede haber otros planteamientos igualmente útiles, según las características del gobierno local y la situación social, el Grupo recomienda además que se estudien y analicen los puntos fuertes y débiles de cada uno de esos conceptos y que se efectúe una evaluación de las consecuencias económicas de la división de funciones entre los sectores público y privado.", "6. En algunas esferas se ha establecido una cooperación regional entre los puertos que ha resultado útil. El Grupo recomienda que la UNCTAD identifique y documente dónde y en qué forma se realizan esos esfuerzos de cooperación, qué esferas de actividad cubren y qué valor les atribuyen los participantes.", "7. El Grupo apoya las conclusiones y recomendaciones de la reunión oficiosa de juristas expertos en cuestiones portuarias que figuran en el documento UNCTAD/SHIP/639/Annex I, en particular la referencia a la creación de un órgano internacional de juristas portuarios.", "8. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia del medio ambiente y del desarrollo sostenible, el Grupo de Expertos recomienda lo siguiente:", "a)No debe existir entre los puertos una competencia basada en la falta de protección del medio ambiente. Con tal fin deberían evaluarse las normas sobre contaminación, los sistemas de tarificación en función de consideraciones ambientales, etc., de conformidad con los problemas que hay que resolver y los costos que hay que sufragar efectivamente, teniendo en cuenta las capacidades concretas, tanto técnicas como financieras, de cada puerto. Este tema debería figurar en el programa de las asociaciones regionales de puertos. Ocasionalmente puede ser indispensable el apoyo del gobierno para lograr ese tipo de evaluación.", "b)La preparación de directrices para definir claramente las funciones de la administración portuaria y de otras entidades, tanto gubernamentales como no gubernamentales, en relación con la protección del medio ambiente.", "c)La consideración por las instituciones internacionales o los gobiernos nacionales de la posibilidad de estudiar y utilizar incentivos y de recurrir a fuentes originales de financiación siempre y cuando se haya elaborado una estrategia y un plan concretos con resultados razonables.", "d)Para llevar a cabo esfuerzos de desarrollo sostenible, más concretamente las funciones del puerto que guardan relación con el medio ambiente, se debería establecer en todos los puertos un centro encargado de las cuestiones ambientales para reunir y difundir información (accidentes, datos, publicaciones, legislación, conferencias, etc.). Ese centro debería contribuir a la formulación de la política ambiental del puerto de manera que se tomaran en consideración los instrumentos o recomendaciones internacionales, así como los intereses y reglamentaciones nacionales.", "e)Además, el centro habría de prestar asistencia para la aplicación de la política que se adopte. Debería crearse un mecanismo de coordinación, por ejemplo una comisión ambiental, para coordinar las medidas, informar a todas las partes interesadas y darles ocasión de exponer sus opiniones y de obtener su apoyo. El mecanismo debería", "recabar el asesoramiento de representantes de las autoridades nacionales competentes, la empresa explotadora del puerto, los usuarios del puerto y las personas que vivan en las cercanías del puerto.", "f)Entre los puertos y las ciudades existe una interdependencia natural. Es preciso reconocer y reforzar la naturaleza crítica de sus vinculaciones. Entre las muchas cuestiones de interés futuro que examinó el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos estaba la necesidad de asegurar la posibilidad de equilibrar la necesidad de mantener los puertos y sus vinculaciones con las ciudades y, al mismo tiempo, de mantener y proteger el medio ambiente para las generaciones futuras. En los estuarios que conservan su estado prístino no se desarrollan ni pueden desarrollarse actividades marítimas, y esto hay que reconocerlo. Sin embargo, el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos no cree que actualmente los puertos estén equipados para lograr el equilibrio deseado.", "B. Recomendaciones concretas", "1. Política portuaria", "9. El Grupo recomienda que la política portuaria refleje el hecho de que los puertos son importantes pero no son más que un eslabón en la cadena total del transporte (ferrocarriles, carreteras, vías de navegación interior) y que otras entidades integradas, como son las aduanas, la policía y las autoridades locales, también forman parte de esa cadena.", "10. El Grupo recomienda que esta política se aplique mediante la utilización óptima de la mano de obra, una manipulación más eficiente de la carga, una utilización intensiva del intercambio electrónico de datos, unos procedimientos simplificados y la utilización eficiente del equipo.", "El Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos recomienda que las instituciones internacionales y los gobiernos nacionales consideren la posibilidad de estudiar y utilizar incentivos y de recurrir a fuentes originales de financiación siempre y cuando se haya elaborado una estrategia y un plan concretos con resultados razonables.", "2. Organización y gestión de puertos", "11. El Grupo reconoce la necesidad de modernizar la organización actual del sistema portuario. Este proceso exige que se tengan en cuenta las realidades y particularidades sociales y económicas del país de que se trata. El Grupo estima que el método para examinar y diagnosticar el sistema portuario que se propone en el documento TD/B/C.4/AC.7/13 parece ser el mejor medio de garantizar la organización y el control adecuado de un puerto y recomienda su utilización como instrumento fundamental. El Grupo reconoce también que el proceso de modernización debe estar apoyado por un marco jurídico adecuado que tenga en cuenta la división más apropiada de responsabilidades entre los niveles central, regional y local, el papel que han de desempeñar las entidades privadas nacionales y extranjeras y la función de la mano de obra portuaria a medida que los puertos se van orientando más hacia la utilización de capital y tecnología.", "12. Los puertos han de hacer cuanto esté a su alcance para ser eficientes, especialmente en lo que respecta al costo y a la calidad de los servicios que ofrecen a los clientes, a fin de asegurar que el puerto desempeñe con éxito sus funciones de centro de transporte y distribución.", "13. El Grupo llegó a un consenso en cuanto a que, en el entorno comercial actual, la gestión del puerto debe estar orientada al mercado para satisfacer mejor a los clientes, teniendo al mismo tiempo presente que la infraestructura del puerto también tiene una importancia estratégica nacional. Esto significa que es preciso asegurar que las funciones de comercialización pasen a ser una de las prioridades de la organización y gestión del puerto y que todos los agentes que forman parte de la comunidad portuaria aúnen sus esfuerzos para promover el puerto.", "14. El Grupo recomienda que se defina una política portuaria con objetivos claros y estrategias de desarrollo orientadas a introducir los cambios institucionales necesarios para hacer frente a los cambios del comercio y del transporte. El Grupo Internacional de Expertos recomienda que la secretaría de la UNCTAD estudie la posibilidad de que la Asociación Internacional de Puertos prepare un estudio sobre la cuestión de la sostenibilidad y las vinculaciones entre ciudades y puertos, que se publicaría con cargo a los recursos de que dispone la UNCTAD.", "C. Recomendaciones acerca de las actividades", "de la secretaría de la UNCTAD", "15. Habiendo examinado las publicaciones de la UNCTAD en la esfera de los puertos, el Grupo las ha encontrado muy satisfactorias. Esas publicaciones despiertan mucho interés en todos los países, particularmente en los países en desarrollo, que no siempre tienen capacidad para realizar ese tipo de investigaciones exhaustivas. Sin embargo, no cabe duda de que la información sobre el tipo de trabajo que se realiza en el sistema de las Naciones Unidas en la esfera de la organización y gestión de puertos no recibe una difusión suficiente. El Boletín Portuario que publica la UNCTAD es una iniciativa muy útil que contribuye a subsanar esa deficiencia. Sin embargo, debería modificarse su distribución para incluir, además del administrador general de uno o dos puertos de cada país, otros interesados importantes. Además, deberían fomentarse las suscripciones, para garantizar un método seguro de distribución dentro de la UNCTAD.", "Cuestiones que han de examinarse", "16. Teniendo en cuenta que ya se ha previsto la realización de cuatro estudios como parte del programa de trabajo de la UNCTAD en 1994 y 1995, [1]/ el Grupo recomienda los siguientes temas prioritarios para futuros estudios, si es que se cuenta con los recursos suficientes:", "1. Estudio de los sistemas portuarios nacionales;", "2. Análisis de la relación entre la ciudad y el puerto;", "3. Estudios monográficos sobre el desarrollo de los recursos humanos en", "los puertos.", "17. El Grupo considera que la cooperación entre los puertos a diversos niveles en lo que se refiere a compartir información, intercambiar experiencias, actividades de capacitación y experiencia en materia de comercialización debería ser fomentada enérgicamente por la UNCTAD y los gobiernos.", "18. La capacitación es otra de las esferas muy importantes en las que la UNCTAD podría prestar asistencia. El Grupo aprecia los esfuerzos realizados y los resultados positivos logrados hasta ahora y recomienda que se garanticen los recursos necesarios y que se mantengan y refuercen los programas de capacitación.", "19. El Grupo ha tomado nota con satisfacción del hecho de que más del 50% de los recursos de que dispone la UNCTAD en la esfera de los puertos se asignan a la cooperación técnica y actividades de capacitación. El Grupo reitera su apoyo a la actual delimitación clara de las actividades de los diversos programas de capacitación de la UNCTAD en materia de puertos, que permite evitar las duplicaciones. La iniciativa de la secretaría de la UNCTAD de poner en marcha un curso que permitirá obtener un diploma en puertos y destinado a personal administrativo de nivel medio y a personal nuevo es positiva y debería continuarse, en cooperación con la Asociación Americana de Administraciones Portuarias (AAAP) y otras organizaciones interesadas. Esto debería complementarse con la organización de nuevos seminarios sobre políticas portuarias y con la actualización de las existentes para tener en cuenta los nuevos acontecimientos ocurridos en la esfera del comercio y del transporte. El Grupo recomienda también que la red del programa TRAINMAR se amplíe y refuerce en beneficio del personal de gestión portuaria de nivel intermedio y subalterno, el reforzamiento de las iniciativas de capacitación portuaria y el fomento de la cooperación entre las instituciones de capacitación.", "20. El Grupo acogió con satisfacción la exposición sobre el programa de cooperación técnica PNUD/UNCTAD/PMA para rehabilitar los puertos de Somalia. Recomienda con insistencia que los países donantes y los puertos que estén en condiciones de hacerlo se sumen a ese esfuerzo y contribuyan a la plena rehabilitación del sistema portuario de Somalia. El Grupo Internacional de Expertos recomienda asimismo que la UNCTAD actúe como punto de intercambio de información para los puertos que buscan información sobre casos de cooperación técnica como los de Somalia y de Liberia.", "D. Cuestiones diversas", "21. El Grupo estima que convendría celebrar reuniones bienales, precedidas por un seminario de alto nivel, y se invita a la Comisión Permanente a estudiar esta posibilidad.", "22. El Grupo recomienda que se establezca una lista que sirva de referencia a los gobiernos y puertos interesados y en la que se indiquen los puertos, las empresas privadas y los individuos que pueden ofrecer conocimientos en materia de gestión de puertos y que están dispuestos a hacerlo.", "-----", "[1] / Esos estudios son los siguientes: 1994: \"Fijación estratégica de precios en los puertos\", y \"Análisis comparativo de la privatización, gestión comercial y desregulación en materia de puertos\"; 1995: \"Posibilidades de una mayor cooperación regional en la esfera portuaria\", y \"Los aspectos financieros de la gestión de los puertos\"." ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "TD/B/CN.4/GE.1/3", "2 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD", "Standing Committee on Development", "services sectors", "(Maritime transport)", "Intergovernmental Group of Port Experts", "Geneva, 25 October 1993", "Agenda items 3 and 4", "Conclusions of the Intergovernmental Group of Port Experts /", "\"Ports and the next millennium\"", "Introduction", "1.In recent years, international transport, including maritime trade and ports, has become increasingly important in the global economy.A single global market has emerged where production, transport, distribution and consumption of goods are no longer concentrated in a limited geographical area, but are of interest to the entire world.These changes have been made possible by the development of complex and integrated transport and distribution systems and networks, often controlled by mega-carriers and mega-chargers, with the majority of goods being transported by sea.This has been and continues to be a competitive environment, resulting in a high degree of trade volatility that is a source of risk, but also a rich prospect for ports.The risks are particularly high for countries and ports that have not anticipated these changes and are not prepared for decisions", "strategies, in particular to adapt their management,", "_____________", " As adopted at the 4th plenary meeting, on Friday, 29 October 1993.", "GE.93-54179 (F)", "their facilities and services to meet the needs of trade.The outlook is that, in the context of integrating transport and distribution functions, a modern port has many advantages and can become one of the few centres that will be of strategic importance for international trade.", "A. General recommendations", "2.Ports must become aware of their fundamental role in the transport supply chain and ensure the effectiveness of their contribution by broadening their own definition.It is not enough for them to concentrate on functions that were previously closely ported.", "3.The Group recommends that Governments consider the importance of the role of their ports and the broad potential of their ports for promoting trade and development.For the purpose of concrete support and the adoption of sound port policies, it recommends the use of long-term planning (or UNDAFs) and strategic business planning methods to help governments and ports translate their objectives into policy measures, strategies and implementation plans, including outcome objectives and evaluation mechanisms.This approach should ensure that human resources management and development aspects, as well as legal, financial and operational aspects, including managerial autonomy, are taken into account, where appropriate.", "4.The Group recommends that the UNCTAD secretariat continue its work in cooperation with its counterparts in the United Nations system and other relevant agencies in many areas of port activity, including technical assistance, studies, training and communication, and disseminate its findings and results through its usual channels and through more frequent and regular meetings of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts.The Group invited the Standing Committee to consider convening such meetings in the future.In addition, he proposed that port issues, rather than being dealt with as sub-items only, should be more often included as substantive items in the agenda of national, regional, intergovernmental and international meetings on trade, development and environment.", "5.The Intergovernmental Group of Experts noted with great interest the diversity of the organizational and management structures adopted by ports.It also noted that privatization or the application of commercial management criteria were extremely valid as organizational or management strategies, but could not be considered an end in itself.The Group recognizes that privatization, the application of commercial management criteria or federalization can be valid in certain sectors, judiciously selected, depending on the particular situation of a country.Because this is an approach often adopted today and because other approaches can be equally useful in the light of local institutional and social conditions, the Group recommends that the study and analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each of these concepts be further explored and that the economic implications of a division of functions between the public and private sectors be assessed.", "6.Interport regional cooperation has been carried out in some areas and has proved useful.The Group recommended that UNCTAD identify such cooperation and explore its modalities, areas of work and the value of the cooperation.", "7.The Group supported the conclusions and recommendations of the informal meeting of legal experts on port issues, contained in annex I to document UNCTAD/SHIP/639, including the desire to establish an international association of port lawyers.", "8.Taking into account the importance of environment and sustainable development, the Intergovernmental Group of Experts makes the following recommendations:", "(a)Competition between ports should not be based on the absence of environmental protection.To this end, pollution standards, pricing systems for environmental protection, etc. should be assessed in the light of the problems to be solved and the actual costs to be foreseen, taking into account the specific technical and financial capacities of each port.This issue should be included in the agenda of the regional port associations.Where appropriate, public support may be required for the evaluation;", "(b)Guidelines should be developed to clarify the responsibilities of port authorities and other governmental and non-governmental entities for environmental protection;", "(c)International institutions or national Governments should consider exploring and using incentives and new sources of funding, as long as a concrete strategy and plan with reasonable chances of success has been developed;", "(d)In order to implement sustainable development efforts, particularly the responsibilities of ports for environmental protection, an environmental focal point should be established at each port to collect and disseminate information (accidents, data, publications, laws, conferences, etc.).The centre should contribute to the development of a port environmental policy that takes into account international instruments or recommendations, as well as national interests and regulations;", "(e)The Centre should also contribute to the implementation of the policy adopted.A coordination mechanism such as an Environment Committee should be established to coordinate action and inform all interested parties, give them an opportunity to present their views and ensure their support.The mechanism should seek the views of representatives of competent national authorities, port operators, port users and the population living in the vicinity of the port;", "(f)Ports and cities are naturally interdependent.There is a need to recognize and strengthen the vital nature of their ties.Among the many future concerns discussed by the Intergovernmental Group of Experts was the need to ensure that a balance was maintained between the development of ports and their links with cities and the protection of the environment for future generations.It must be recognized that maritime activities do not and cannot be the framework of the estuaries of the past.However, the Intergovernmental Group of Experts does not believe that ports currently have the means to achieve the desired balance.", "B.Specific recommendations", "1.Port policy", "9.The Group recommends that port policy take into account that ports, important as they are, are only one link in the entire transport chain (railway, roads, waterways) and that integrated administrations such as customs, police and local authorities include the others.", "10.The Group hopes that the implementation of this policy will be accompanied by optimal use of the workforce, increased efficiency in the handling of goods, intensive use of EDI, streamlining of procedures and efficient operation of equipment.", "The Group recommends that international institutions, or national Governments, consider seeking and using incentives and innovative sources of funding, provided that a concrete strategy and plan, with reasonable prospects for success, have been developed.", "2.Port organization and management", "11.The Group recognizes the need to modernize the current organization of the port system.This process must take into account the social and economic realities and specificities of the country in question.In the view of the Group, the methodology proposed in document TD/B/C.4/AC.7/13 for the examination and preparation of a diagnosis of the port system appears to be the best way to ensure adequate organization and control of a port, and it recommends that it be considered as an essential tool to be used for this purpose.The Group also recognizes that the modernization process must be supported by an appropriate legal framework, which takes into account the most appropriate division of responsibilities between the central, regional and local levels, the functions of private entities, both domestic and foreign, and the role of the port workforce in the increasing capital and technological orientation of ports.", "12.Ports must make every effort to be effective, particularly in terms of the cost and quality of service offered to customers, in order to establish efficient transport and distribution centres.", "13.The Group agreed that in today's commercial environment, port management should be market-oriented to better satisfy customers, while taking into account the fact that port infrastructure is also of strategic national importance.In this regard, marketing functions must become one of the priorities of the port organisation and management, and all the actors in the port community must work together to promote it.", "14.The Intergovernmental Group of Experts recommends that a port policy be developed with specific objectives and development strategies focused on institutional changes needed to respond to the changing nature of trade and transport.He recommended that the UNCTAD secretariat should explore the possibility of entrusting the International Association of Cities and Ports with the preparation of a study on sustainability and urban-port relations, which would be published within UNCTAD resources.", "C.Recommendations on the activities of the UNCTAD secretariat", "15.The Group reviewed UNCTAD publications in the area of ports and found them very satisfactory.They are of great interest to all countries, especially developing countries that do not always have the capacity to carry out such in-depth research.However, there is no doubt that information on the work of the United Nations system in the area of port organization and management is not sufficiently widely disseminated.The UNCTAD Ports Newsletter is a most useful initiative that helps to fill this gap.However, its distribution should be modified to send it not only to the deputy head of one or two ports in each country, but also to other key stakeholders.In addition, subscriptions should be encouraged to ensure a reliable distribution system within UNCTAD.", "Issues for consideration", "16.In view of the fact that four studies are already envisaged in the UNCTAD programme of work for 1994 and 1995, 1/ the Group recommends that the following topics be considered as priorities for further studies, if sufficient resources are available:", "1. Survey of national port systems", "2. Analysis of the relationship between the city and the port", "3. Monographs on human resources development in ports.", "17.The Group was of the view that UNCTAD and Governments should strongly encourage cooperation between ports at various levels, including information sharing, exchange of experience, training activities and marketing expertise.", "18.Training is one of the main areas in which UNCTAD can provide assistance.Recognizing the efforts made and the positive results achieved so far, the Group recommends that the necessary resources be made available and that training programmes continue and be strengthened.", "19.The Group noted with satisfaction that more than 50 per cent of UNCTAD ' s resources in the area of ports were devoted to technical cooperation and training activities.The Group reiterated its support for the current division of activities of the various UNCTAD port training programmes, aimed at avoiding duplication and duplication of efforts.The UNCTAD secretariat's initiative to develop a diploma-based port training course for middle management and new recruits is highly timely and should be further explored in collaboration with the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) and other interested organizations.At the same time, new policy seminars should be developed and existing ones updated in the light of developments in trade and transport.The Group also advocates the enlargement and consolidation of the TRAINMAR network for the benefit of middle and early managers in the port sector, the strengthening of port training initiatives and increased cooperation between training institutions.", "20.The Group welcomed the presentation on the UNDP/UNCTAD/WFP technical cooperation programme for the rehabilitation of Somali ports.The Committee strongly recommends that donor countries and ports that are in a position to do so join such a venture and contribute to the full rehabilitation of the Somali port system.The Intergovernmental Group of Experts also recommends that UNCTAD act as an information exchange unit for ports seeking information on technical cooperation operations such as those in Somalia and Liberia.", "D.Other matters", "21.The Group was of the view that biennial meetings, preceded by a high-level seminar, would be desirable.The Standing Committee is invited to consider this possibility.", "22.The Group recommends that a list of port facilities, private enterprises and individuals capable of providing port management expertise be prepared for interested Governments and ports.", "Note", "1/These are the following studies: 1994:Strategic port pricing;comparative analysis of privatization, commercial management and deregulation in the port sector;1995: Opportunities for regional cooperation in the field of ports;financial aspects of port management.", "-----" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "TD / B / CN.4 / GE.1 / 3", "2 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "Original: ENGLISH", "TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD", "Standing Committee on Sector Development", "(Maritime Transport)", "Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Ports", "Geneva, 25 October 1993", "Agenda items 3 and 4", "CONCLUSIONS OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL GROUP OF EXPERTS IN PUERTS ", "\"The ports: preparation for the millennium\"", "Introduction", "1.Over the past few years, international transport, including maritime trade and ports, has become increasingly important in the world economy.A single world market has been formed in which the production, transport and distribution and consumption of goods are no longer concentrated in a limited geographical area but are distributed throughout the world.These spectacular changes have been achieved through the development of complex and integrated transport and distribution systems and networks, often controlled by giant carriers and chargers that transport most of their products by sea.This development has taken place and is still developing in a competitive context, in which trade is very volatile and creates both risks and opportunities for ports.The risks are particularly great for countries and ports that have not anticipated such changes and are not prepared to make strategic decisions, in particular to adjust the organization of their management, facilities and services as required", "the needs of trade.The opportunities are derived from the fact that, in the process of integrating transport and distribution functions, a modern port has many positive elements and can become one of the few nodal points that are of strategic importance for international trade.", "__________", "Adopted at the 4th plenary meeting, on Friday, 29 October 1993.", "GE.93-54618 (E)", "A.General recommendations", "2.Ports must recognize that they play a vital role in the transport logistics chain and ensure the effectiveness of their contribution by defining themselves in broad terms.It is not enough to focus on the functions within the port limits.", "3.The Group recommends that Governments reflect on the importance of the role of their ports and their great potential for promoting trade and development.In order to translate its support into practice and adopt positive port policies, the Group recommends that long-term plans (or master plans) and strategic commercial planning methodologies be used to help Governments and ports translate their objectives into policies, strategies and implementation measures, including by setting compliance targets and evaluation mechanisms.This should ensure the inclusion of management, human resources and legal, financial and operational tactics, establishing whether management autonomy is appropriate.", "4.The Group recommends that the UNCTAD secretariat continue to work, in cooperation with its sister agencies within the United Nations system and other expert agencies in many areas of port activity, including technical assistance, studies, training and communication, and that the findings and results of its activities be made available to stakeholders for their usual methods and through more frequent and regular meetings of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts.The Intergovernmental Group of Experts invites the Standing Committee to consider convening such meetings in the future.In addition, the Group proposes that port problems be more frequently included as specific items on the agenda of national, regional, intergovernmental and international meetings dealing with trade, development and environmental issues and not only as points of other issues.", "5.The Intergovernmental Group of Experts has noted with great interest that ports have chosen many forms of organization and management structures.It has also noted that privatization and trade management are a high-value organization and management approach, but cannot be seen as a final objective in itself.The Group recognizes that privatization, trade management and federalization can be interesting in certain areas, carefully chosen, relevant and adapted to the prevailing conditions in the country.In view of the fact that this approach is new and that there may also be other equally useful approaches, depending on the characteristics of local government and the social situation, the Group further recommends that the strengths and weaknesses of each of these concepts be studied and analysed and that an assessment be made of the economic consequences of the division of functions between the public and private sectors.", "6.In some areas, regional cooperation between ports has been established and has proved to be useful.The Group recommends that UNCTAD identify and document where and how such cooperation efforts are made, which areas of activity are covered and what value are attributed to them by the participants.", "7.The Group supports the conclusions and recommendations of the informal meeting of expert legal experts on port issues contained in document UNCTAD / SHIP / 639 / Annex I, in particular the reference to the establishment of an international body of port legal experts.", "8.Taking into account the importance of the environment and sustainable development, the Group of Experts recommends the following:", "(a) There should be no competition between ports based on the lack of environmental protection.To this end, pollution standards, environmental pricing systems, etc., should be assessed in accordance with the problems to be addressed and the costs to be effectively met, taking into account the specific technical and financial capacities of each port.This item should be on the agenda of regional port associations.Government support may occasionally be essential to achieve such an evaluation.", "(b) The development of guidelines to clearly define the functions of port administration and other entities, both governmental and non-governmental, in relation to environmental protection.", "(c) Consideration by international institutions or national Governments of the possibility of exploring and using incentives and of using original sources of funding provided that a specific strategy and plan with reasonable results has been developed.", "(d) To carry out sustainable development efforts, more specifically the environmental functions of the port, a centre for environmental issues should be established in all ports to collect and disseminate information (accidents, data, publications, legislation, conferences, etc.).The centre should contribute to the formulation of port environmental policy in a manner that takes into account international instruments or recommendations, as well as national interests and regulations.", "(e) In addition, the centre should assist in the implementation of the policy to be adopted.A coordination mechanism, such as an environmental commission, should be established to coordinate measures, inform all stakeholders and give them an opportunity to express their views and obtain their support.The mechanism should", "to seek the advice of representatives of the competent national authorities, the port operator, port users and persons living in the vicinity of the port.", "(f) There is natural interdependence between ports and cities.The critical nature of their linkages must be recognized and strengthened.Among the many issues of future interest that the Intergovernmental Group of Experts considered was the need to ensure that the need to maintain ports and their linkages with cities could be balanced while maintaining and protecting the environment for future generations.In estuaries that preserve their pristine state, maritime activities are neither developed nor can be developed, and this must be recognized.However, the Intergovernmental Group of Experts does not believe that ports are currently equipped to achieve the desired balance.", "B.Specific recommendations", "1.Port policy", "9.The Group recommends that port policy reflect the fact that ports are important but are only a link in the total transport chain (railways, roads, inland waterways) and that other integrated entities, such as customs, police and local authorities, are also part of that chain.", "10.The Group recommends that this policy be implemented through the optimal use of labour, more efficient handling of cargo, intensive use of electronic data exchange, simplified procedures and efficient use of equipment.", "The Intergovernmental Group of Experts recommends that international institutions and national Governments consider exploring and using incentives and using original sources of funding provided that a specific strategy and plan with reasonable results has been developed.", "2.Port organization and management", "11.The Group recognizes the need to modernise the current organization of the port system.This process requires that the social and economic realities and particularities of the country in question be taken into account.The Group considers that the method for examining and diagnosing the port system proposed in document TD / B / C.4 / L.7 / 13 appears to be the best means of ensuring the proper organization and control of a port and recommends its use as a fundamental instrument.The Group also recognizes that the modernization process must be supported by an appropriate legal framework that takes into account the most appropriate division of responsibilities between central, regional and local levels, the role of domestic and foreign private entities and the role of port labour as ports are more focused on the use of capital and technology.", "12.The ports must do their utmost to be efficient, especially in terms of the cost and quality of the services they offer to the customers, to ensure that the port successfully performs its functions as a transport and distribution centre.", "13.The Group reached a consensus that, in the current business environment, port management must be market-oriented to better satisfy customers, while bearing in mind that port infrastructure is also of national strategic importance.This means that it is necessary to ensure that marketing functions become one of the priorities of port organization and management and that all the agents that are part of the port community join their efforts to promote the port.", "14.The Group recommends that a port policy be defined with clear objectives and development strategies aimed at introducing the institutional changes needed to address trade and transport changes.The International Group of Experts recommends that the UNCTAD secretariat consider the possibility of the International Ports Association preparing a study on the issue of sustainability and linkages between cities and ports, to be published from within the resources available to UNCTAD.", "C.Recommendations on activities", "of the UNCTAD secretariat", "15.Having examined UNCTAD's publications in the field of ports, the Group had found them very satisfactory.These publications are of great interest to all countries, particularly in developing countries, which do not always have the capacity to conduct such comprehensive research.However, information on the type of work being done within the United Nations system in the area of port organization and management is certainly not sufficiently disseminated.The Port Bulletin published by UNCTAD is a very useful initiative that helps to address this deficiency.However, its distribution should be modified to include, in addition to the general administrator of one or two ports in each country, other important stakeholders.In addition, subscriptions should be encouraged to ensure a secure method of distribution within UNCTAD.", "Issues to be considered", "16.Taking into account the fact that four studies are already planned as part of UNCTAD's work programme in 1994 and 1995, [1] / the Group recommends the following priority themes for future studies, if sufficient resources are available:", "1.Study of national port systems;", "2.Analysis of the relationship between the city and the port;", "3.Case studies on human resources development in the", "the ports.", "17.The Group believes that cooperation between ports at various levels in terms of sharing information, sharing experiences, training activities and marketing experience should be strongly encouraged by UNCTAD and Governments.", "18.Training is another of the very important areas in which UNCTAD could provide assistance.The Group appreciates the efforts made and the positive results achieved so far and recommends that the necessary resources be guaranteed and that training programmes be maintained and strengthened.", "19.The Group had noted with satisfaction that more than 50 per cent of UNCTAD & apos; s resources in the area of ports were allocated to technical cooperation and training.The Group reiterates its support for the current clear delineation of the activities of UNCTAD's various port training programmes, which will avoid duplication.The UNCTAD secretariat's initiative to launch a course that will allow for a diploma in ports and for middle-level administrative staff and new staff is positive and should be continued, in cooperation with the American Association of Port Administrations (AAAP) and other interested organizations.This should be complemented by the organization of new port policy seminars and the updating of existing seminars to take into account new developments in the area of trade and transport.The Group also recommends that the TRAINMAR network be expanded and strengthened for the benefit of intermediate and junior port management personnel, the strengthening of port training initiatives and the promotion of cooperation among training institutions.", "20.The Group welcomed the presentation on the UNDP / UNCTAD / WFP technical cooperation programme to rehabilitate the Somali ports.It strongly recommends that donor countries and ports in a position to do so should join in that effort and contribute to the full rehabilitation of the Somali port system.The International Group of Experts also recommends that UNCTAD act as a clearing house for ports seeking information on technical cooperation cases such as those in Somalia and Liberia.", "D.Miscellaneous issues", "21.The Group believed that it would be useful to hold biennial meetings, preceded by a high-level seminar, and the Standing Committee was invited to consider that possibility.", "22.The Group recommends that a list be established to serve as a reference to the Governments and ports concerned and to indicate the ports, private companies and individuals that can and are willing to provide knowledge of port management.", "-----", "[1] / These studies are as follows: 1994: \"Strategic pricing in ports,\" and \"Comparative analysis of privatization, commercial management and deregulation in port matters\"; 1995: \"Possibilities for greater regional cooperation in the port area,\" and \"Financial aspects of port management.\"" ]	"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"
"cRgoMKi0OvxA+XjKRmAbKmcf6EIZUiJI6ACemdPjIZM="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.18", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 112", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "Bahamas, Bolivia, Cuba, Mexico and United States of America:", "draft resolution", "International action to combat drug abuse and illicit", "production and trafficking", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 47/98, 47/100, 47/101, 47/102 of 16 December 1992 and resolution 48/12, adopted on 28 October 1993,", "Gravely concerned that the illicit demand for, production of and traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances continue to threaten seriously the socio-economic and political systems and the stability, national security and sovereignty of an increasing number of States,", "Fully aware that the international community is confronted with the dramatic problem of drug abuse and the illicit cultivation, production, demand, processing, distribution and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and that States need to work at the international and national levels to deal with this scourge, which has a strong potential to undermine development, economic and political stability and democratic institutions,", "Emphasizing that the problem of drug abuse and illicit trafficking has to be considered within the broader economic and social context,", "Emphasizing also the need for an analysis of transit routes used by drug traffickers, which are constantly changing and expanding to include a growing number of countries and regions in all parts of the world,", "Alarmed by the growing connection between drug trafficking and terrorism in various parts of the world,", "93-60670 (E) 041193 /...", "Recognizing the efforts of countries that produce narcotic drugs for scientific, medicinal and therapeutic uses to prevent the channelling of such substances to illicit markets and to maintain production at a level consistent with licit demand,", "Reaffirming that a comprehensive framework for international cooperation in drug control is provided by the Declaration [1]/ and the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, [2]/ adopted by the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, the Political Declaration and the Global Programme of Action adopted by the General Assembly at its seventeenth special session [3]/ and the Declaration adopted by the World Ministerial Summit to Reduce the Demand for Drugs and to Combat the Cocaine Threat, [4]/ together with the international drug control treaties,", "Stressing the important role of the United Nations and its specialized agencies in supporting concerted action in the fight against drug abuse at the national, regional and international levels,", "Underlining the role of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs as the principal United Nations policy-making body on drug control issues,", "Reaffirming the importance of the role of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme as the main focus for concerted international action for drug abuse control and commending its performance of the functions entrusted to it,", "Affirming the proposals as laid out in the System-Wide Action Plan, and recognizing that further efforts are needed to implement and update it,", "Inviting the relevant agencies of the United Nations system to make greater progress in incorporating within their programmes and activities action aimed at dealing with drug-related problems,", "I", "Respect for the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United", "Nations and international law in the fight against drug abuse and", "illicit trafficking", "1. Reaffirms that the fight against drug abuse and illicit trafficking should continue to be based on strict respect for the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law, particularly respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States and non-use of force or the threat of force in international relations;", "2. Calls upon all States to intensify their actions to promote effective cooperation in the efforts to combat drug abuse and illicit trafficking, so as to contribute to a climate conducive to achieving this end, and to refrain from using the issue for political purposes;", "3. Reaffirms that the international fight against drug trafficking should not in any way justify violation of the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law;", "II", "International action to combat drug abuse", "and illicit trafficking", "1. Reiterates its condemnation of the crime of drug trafficking in all its forms, and urges continued and effective international action to combat it, in keeping with the principle of shared responsibility;", "2. Supports the focus on national and regional strategies for drug abuse control, particularly the master-plan approach, and urges the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to keep in mind that these should be complemented with effective interregional strategies;", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to report on the arrangements made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to promote and monitor the United Nations Decade Against Drug Abuse, 1991-2000, under the theme, \"A global response to a global challenge\", and on the progress made in attaining the objectives of the Decade by Member States, the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the United Nations system;", "4. Welcomes the trend towards ratification and implementation of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, [5]/ that Convention as amended by the 1972 Protocol, [6]/ the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 [7]/ and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988; [8]/", "5. Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to include in its report to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, a section on experience gained to date in implementing the Convention, which should contain recommendations and strategies for its further implementation, and invites Member States to cooperate with the United Nation International Drug Control Programme in this regard;", "6. Encourages all countries to take action to prevent the illicit arms trade by which weapons are provided to drug traffickers;", "7. Expresses its satisfaction with the efforts of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to improve the functioning and impact of the meetings of heads of national drug law enforcement agencies;", "8. Requests the United Nations International Drug Programme in its report on illicit traffic in drugs to analyse worldwide trends in illicit traffic and transit in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, including methods and routes used, and to recommend ways and means for improving the capacity of States along those routes to deal with all aspects of the drug problem;", "9. Emphasizes the link between the illicit production, demand for, and traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and the economic and social conditions in the affected countries and the differences and diversity of the problems in each country;", "10. Calls upon the international community to provide increased economic and technical support to Governments which request it, to support programmes of alternative development which take fully into account the cultural traditions of peoples;", "11. Takes note of the initiative of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to study the concept of swapping debt for alternative development in the area of international drug abuse control and requests the Executive Director to inform the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of any progress made in this area;", "12. Encourages Governments to nominate experts for the roster maintained by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, to ensure that the Programme and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs may draw from the widest pool of expertise and experience in implementing its policies and programmes;", "13. Stresses the need for effective action to prevent the diversion for illicit purposes of precursor and essential chemicals, materials and equipment frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;", "14. Commends the International Narcotics Control Board for its valuable work in monitoring production and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances so as to limit their use to medical and scientific purposes, and for the effective manner in which it has implemented its additional responsibilities, under article 12 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, concerning the control of precursors and essential chemicals;", "15. Expresses its satisfaction with efforts being made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and other United Nations bodies to obtain reliable data on drug abuse and illicit trafficking, including the development of the International Drug Abuse Assessment System;", "16. Recommends to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs that it consider the worldwide research study on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking prepared by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development in conjunction with the report of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking at its thirty‑seventh session, and consider including this issue as an item on its agenda;", "III", "Global Programme of Action", "1. Reaffirms the importance of the Global Programme of Action as framework for national, regional and international action to combat the illicit production of, demand for, and trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and its commitment to implementing the mandates and recommendations contained therein;", "2. Calls upon States individually and in cooperation with other States to promote the Global Programme of Action and to implement its mandates and recommendations, with a view to translating it into practical action for drug abuse control;", "3. Also calls upon the relevant bodies of the United Nations, the specialized agencies, the international financial institutions, and other concerned intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, to cooperate with and assist States in their efforts to promote and implement the Global Programme of Action;", "4. Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, in discharging its mandate, to monitor the Global Programme of Action, to take into account the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation by Member States of the Global Programme of Action; [9]/", "5. Also requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to consider ways and means to facilitate reporting by Governments on implementation of the Global Programme of Action, so as to increase the level of responses;", "IV", "Implementation of the United Nations System-Wide Action Plan on", "Drug Abuse Control: action by agencies of the United Nations", "system", "1. Reaffirms the role of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to coordinate and provide effective leadership for all United Nations drug control activities, in order to ensure coherence of actions within the Programme as well as coordination, complementarity and non-duplication of such activities across the United Nations system;", "2. Calls for completion of the updated System-Wide Action Plan on Drug Abuse Control, as was requested in resolution 47/100, in full cooperation with the Administrative Committee on Coordination, in time for the review and recommendation of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its thirty‑seventh session, and for the consideration of the Economic and Social Council at its regular session of 1994 and of the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "3. Reiterates that the following should be included in the updated Action Plan:", "(a) Addition of an annex to the System-Wide Action Plan containing agency-specific implementing plans;", "(b) A reference to the important role of the international financial institutions, as noted in chapter II of the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, and the ability of such institutions to promote economic stability and undermine the drug industry;", "4. Calls upon all relevant United Nations agencies to complete their agency-specific implementation plans for inclusion in the updated System-Wide Action Plan and to incorporate fully into their programmes all the mandates and activities contained in the System-Wide Action Plan and its annex;", "5. Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to give particular attention to reviewing the agency-specific implementing plans of the System-Wide Action Plan for consideration at the coordination segment of the Economic and Social Council in 1994;", "6. Requests the Economic and Social Council, at its coordination segment, to give due attention to the role of the international financial institutions in supporting international drug control efforts, particularly in the field of alternative development;", "7. Calls upon the governing bodies of all United Nations agencies associated with the System-Wide Action Plan to include the issue of drug control in their agendas with a view to: examining the need for a mandate on drug control; assessing the activities taken to comply with the action plan; and, as appropriate, reporting on how the drug control issues are taken into account in the relevant programmes;", "8. Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in cooperation with the relevant agencies, particularly the United Nations Children's Fund, to report on the efforts to study the impact of drug abuse and related crime on children and recommend measures that may be taken to address this problem;", "9. Recommends that the United Nations International Drug Control Programme cooperate and coordinate with the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch on activities to counter drug-related criminality, including money-laundering, to ensure complementary and non-duplication of efforts;", "10. Requests that the System-Wide Action Plan be reviewed and updated on a biennial basis;", "V", "United Nations International Drug Control Programme", "1. Welcomes the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to implement its mandates within the framework of the international drug control treaties, the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, the Global Programme of Action and relevant consensus documents;", "2. Urges all Governments to provide the fullest possible financial and political support to the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular by increasing voluntary contributions to the Programme, to enable it to expand and strengthen its operational and technical cooperation activities;", "3. Welcomes the work of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the consideration of the programme budget of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in accordance with the mandate contained in resolution 46/185 C of 20 December 1991, section XVI, paragraph 2;", "4. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the administrative and financial arrangements of the United Nations Drug Control Programme pursuant to resolution 46/185 C, section XVI;", "5. Notes with appreciation the efforts made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to comply with the approved format and methodology of the programme budget of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular with the relevant resolutions of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs;", "6. Encourages the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to continue his efforts to improve the presentation of the budget of the Fund;", "VI", "1. Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General presented under item 112 entitled \"International drug control\";", "2. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "-----", "[1] / See Report of the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, Vienna, 17-26 June 1987 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.87.I.18), chap. I, sect. B.", "[2] / Ibid., sect. A.", "[3] / Resolution S-17/2, annex.", "[4] / A/45/262, annex.", "[5] / United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 520, No. 7515.", "[6] / Ibid., vol. 976, No. 14152.", "[7] / Ibid., vol. 1019, No. 14956.", "[8] / E/CONF.82/15 and Corr.2.", "[9] / A/48/286." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.3/48/L.18", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "TROISIEME COMMISSION", "Point 112 de l'ordre du jour", "CONTROLE INTERNATIONAL DES DROGUES", "Bahamas, Bolivie, Cuba, Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et", "Mexique : projet de résolution", "Lutte internationale contre l'abus, la production", "et le trafic illicites des drogues", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Rappelant ses résolutions 47/98, 47/100, 47/101, 47/102 du 16 décembre 1992 ainsi que la résolution 48/[L.12], adoptées aux sessions plénières de haut niveau le 28 octobre 1993,", "Notant avec une vive préoccupation que la demande, la production et le trafic illicites de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes continuent à faire peser une grave menace sur les systèmes socio-économiques et politiques, ainsi que sur la stabilité, la sécurité nationale et la souveraineté d'un nombre croissant d'Etats,", "Pleinement consciente que la communauté internationale doit faire face au problème inquiétant que constituent l'abus des drogues et la culture, la production, la demande, le traitement, la distribution et le trafic illicites des stupéfiants et des substances psychotropes et qu'il est indispensable que les Etats s'attaquent, sur le plan international et national, à ce fléau qui risque de nuire gravement au développement, à la stabilité économique et politique ainsi qu'aux institutions démocratiques,", "Soulignant que le problème de l'abus et du trafic illicite des drogues doit être abordé dans une perspective économique et sociale plus large,", "Soulignant également la nécessité d'analyser les itinéraires de transit utilisés par les trafiquants de drogues, qui changent constamment et traversent de plus en plus de pays et de régions dans le monde entier,", "Alarmée de constater que le trafic des drogues et le terrorisme sont de plus en plus étroitement liés dans diverses régions du monde,", "Appréciant les efforts déployés par les pays qui produisent des stupéfiants à des fins scientifiques, médicales et thérapeutiques pour empêcher que ces substances ne soient détournées vers les marchés illicites et pour maintenir la production au niveau de la demande licite;", "Réaffirmant que la Déclaration et le Schéma multidisciplinaire complet pour les activités futures de lutte contre l'abus des drogues, adoptés par la Conférence internationale sur l'abus et le trafic illicite des drogues, la Déclaration politique et le Programme d'action mondial, adoptés par l'Assemblée générale à sa dix‑septième session extraordinaire, et la Déclaration adoptée par le Sommet ministériel mondial sur la réduction de la demande de drogues et la lutte contre la cocaïne offrent, avec les traités internationaux de lutte contre la drogue, un cadre d'ensemble pour la coopération internationale en matière de lutte contre la drogue,", "Soulignant l'importance du rôle joué par l'Organisation des Nations Unies et les institutions spécialisées à l'appui de l'action concertée visant à lutter contre l'abus des drogues sur les plans national, régional et international;", "Mettant en relief le rôle de la Commission des stupéfiants, principal organe directeur de l'Organisation des Nations Unies sur les questions ayant trait à la lutte contre la drogue,", "Réaffirmant l'importance du rôle du Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues, en tant que principal agent de l'action concertée contre l'abus des drogues et le félicitant de la manière dont il s'est acquitté des fonctions qui lui sont confiées,", "Soulignant les propositions énoncées dans le Plan d'action à l'échelle du système et considérant que l'application et la mise à jour du plan d'action exigent de nouveaux efforts,", "Invitant les organismes compétents des Nations Unies à mieux incorporer dans leurs programmes et leurs activités des mesures visant à s'attaquer aux problèmes liés à la drogue,", "I", "Respect des principes que consacrent la Charte des Nations Unies", "et le droit international dans la lutte contre l'abus et le trafic", "des drogues", "1. Réaffirme que la lutte contre l'abus et le trafic des drogues doit continuer à être menée en stricte conformité avec les principes que consacrent la Charte des Nations Unies et le droit international, en particulier le respect de la souveraineté et de l'intégrité territoriale des Etats et le non‑recours à la menace ou à l'emploi de la force dans les relations internationales;", "2. Exhorte tous les Etats à redoubler d'efforts pour promouvoir une coopération efficace dans la lutte contre l'abus et le trafic des drogues, de façon à contribuer à l'instauration d'un climat propice à la réalisation de l'objectif visé, ainsi qu'à s'abstenir d'utiliser la question à des fins politiques;", "3. Réaffirme que la lutte internationale contre le trafic des drogues ne justifie en aucun cas la violation des principes que consacrent la Charte des Nations Unies et le droit international;", "II", "Lutte internationale contre l'abus et le trafic illicite", "des drogues", "1. Condamne de nouveau le trafic de drogues sous toutes ses formes et préconise une action internationale suivie et efficace pour lutter contre ce crime, conformément au principe de la responsabilité partagée;", "2. Appuie l'approche consistant à mettre l'accent sur les stratégies nationales et régionales de lutte contre l'abus des drogues, en particulier la méthode du plan directeur, et invite instamment le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues à tenir compte du fait que celles-ci doivent être complétées par des stratégies interrégionales efficaces;", "3. Prie le Secrétaire général de rendre compte des arrangements pris par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues en vue de promouvoir et de suivre la Décennie des Nations Unies contre la drogue (1991‑2000), sous le thème \"Une réaction mondiale à un défi mondial\", et sur les progrès accomplis par les Etats membres, le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues et le système des Nations Unies dans la réalisation des objectifs de la Décennie;", "4. Se félicite des progrès constatés quant à la ratification et à l'application de la Convention unique sur les stupéfiants de 1961, de cette Convention telle que modifiée par le Protocole de 1972, de la Convention sur les substances psychotropes de 1971 et de la Convention des Nations Unies contre le trafic illicite de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes de 1988;", "5. Prie le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues d'inclure, dans le rapport qu'il présentera à la Commission des stupéfiants sur l'application de la Convention des Nations Unies contre le trafic illicite de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes de 1988, un chapitre sur l'expérience acquise à ce jour en ce qui concerne l'application de la Convention, dans lequel figureraient des recommandations et des stratégies relatives à la poursuite de son application et invite les Etats membres à coopérer avec le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues dans ce domaine;", "6. Encourage tous les pays à prendre des mesures pour empêcher le commerce illégal d'armes grâce auquel les trafiquants de drogues peuvent se procurer des armes;", "7. Se félicite des efforts déployés par la Commission des stupéfiants pour améliorer le fonctionnement et l'impact des réunions des chefs des services nationaux de répression compétents en matière de drogues;", "8. Prie le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues d'analyser, dans son rapport sur le trafic illicite des drogues, les tendances mondiales du trafic de transit de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes, y compris les méthodes et les itinéraires utilisés, et de recommander des moyens de rendre les Etats situés sur ces itinéraires mieux à même de s'attaquer à tous les aspects du problème de la drogue;", "9. Souligne le lien existant entre, d'une part, la production, la demande, et le trafic illicite de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes et, d'autre part, la situation économique et sociale des pays touchés, ainsi que les différences et la diversité des problèmes dans les pays considérés;", "10. Exhorte la communauté internationale à renforcer l'appui économique et technique offert aux gouvernements qui le demandent afin d'appuyer d'autres programmes de développement qui tiennent pleinement compte des traditions culturelles des peuples;", "11. Prend note du fait que le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues a décidé d'étudier la notion de conversion des créances en activités visant une autre forme de développement dans le domaine de la lutte internationale contre la drogue et prie le Directeur exécutif d'informer la Commission des stupéfiants des progrès réalisés dans ce domaine;", "12. Encourage les gouvernements à proposer des candidatures pour le fichier d'experts géré par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues, de façon que le Programme et la Commission des stupéfiants puissent faire appel aux services spécialisés et à l'expérience d'un aussi grand nombre de spécialistes que possible pour l'exécution de ses politiques et programmes;", "13. Souligne la nécessité d'une action efficace pour empêcher que les précurseurs et d'autres produits chimiques essentiels, les produits et le matériel fréquemment utilisés pour la fabrication illicite de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes ne soient détournés à des fins illicites;", "14. Félicite l'Organe international de contrôle des stupéfiants de l'utile travail de contrôle de la production et de la distribution des stupéfiants et des substances psychotropes qu'il accomplit en vue d'en limiter l'utilisation à des fins médicales et scientifiques, ainsi que de l'efficacité avec laquelle il s'est acquitté de ses responsabilités additionnelles en vertu de l'article 12 de la Convention des Nations Unies contre le trafic de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes concernant le contrôle des précurseurs et des produits chimiques de base;", "15. Se félicite des efforts déployés par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues et d'autres organes des Nations Unies pour obtenir des données fiables concernant l'abus et le trafic illicite des drogues, notamment de la mise au point du Système international d'évaluation de l'abus des drogues;", "16. Recommande à la Commission des stupéfiants d'examiner l'étude mondiale sur les conséquences économiques et sociales de l'abus et du trafic illicite des drogues réalisée par l'Institut de recherche des Nations Unies sur la défense sociale en même temps que le rapport du Directeur exécutif du Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues sur les conséquences économiques et sociales de l'abus et du trafic illicite des drogues, à sa trente‑septième session, et d'envisager d'inscrire cette question à son ordre du jour;", "III", "Programme d'action mondial", "1. Réaffirme l'importance du Programme d'action mondial en tant que cadre de l'action menée aux échelons national, régional et international pour lutter contre la production, la demande et le trafic illicites de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes, et sa détermination d'exécuter les mandats et recommandations qu'il contient;", "2. Invite les Etats, agissant individuellement et en coopération avec d'autres Etats, à promouvoir le Programme d'action mondial et à exécuter ses mandats et recommandations, en vue de le traduire en mesures concrètes de lutte contre l'abus des drogues;", "3. Invite également les organes compétents des Nations Unies, les institutions spécialisées, les institutions financières internationales, et d'autres organisations intergouvernementales et non gouvernementales concernées à coopérer avec les Etats et à soutenir les efforts qu'ils déploient pour promouvoir et appliquer le Programme d'action mondial;", "4. Prie la Commission des stupéfiants de prendre en compte, dans l'exécution de son mandat consistant à suivre le Programme d'action mondial, les recommandations contenues dans le rapport du Secrétaire général sur l'application par les Etats Membres du Programme d'action mondial (A/48/286);", "5. Prie également la Commission des stupéfiants et le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues d'examiner les moyens de faciliter l'établissement de rapports par les gouvernements touchant la mise en oeuvre du Programme d'action mondial, de façon à accroître leur niveau de participation;", "IV", "Application du Programme d'action à l'échelle du système des", "Nations Unies pour la lutte contre l'abus des drogues : action", "menée par les organismes du système des Nations Unies", "1. Réaffirme que le Directeur exécutif du Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues a pour rôle de coordonner et d'orienter efficacement toutes les activités de lutte contre la drogue de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, de façon à assurer la cohésion des actions entreprises dans le cadre du Programme ainsi que la coordination et la complémentarité de ces activités dans tout le système des Nations Unies, en évitant les doubles emplois;", "2. Demande que le Plan d'action à l'échelle du système des Nations Unies pour la lutte contre l'abus des drogues soit mis à jour, comme il est demandé dans la résolution 47/100, en pleine coopération avec le Comité administratif de coordination et en temps voulu pour être soumis, aux fins d'examen et de recommandation, à la Commission des stupéfiants à sa trente‑septième session, et examiné par le Conseil économique et social à sa session ordinaire de 1994, et par l'Assemblée générale à sa quarante-neuvième session;", "3. Déclare à nouveau que le Plan d'action mis à jour devrait comporter :", "a) Une annexe au Plan d'action à l'échelle du système contenant des plans d'exécution spécifiques élaborés par les organismes;", "b) Une référence au rôle important que jouent les institutions financières internationales, comme le note le chapitre II du Schéma multidisciplinaire complet pour les activités futures de lutte contre l'abus des drogues, et à la capacité qu'ont ces institutions de promouvoir la stabilité économique et d'ébranler l'industrie de la drogue;", "4. Invite tous les organismes compétents des Nations Unies à achever l'élaboration de leurs plans d'exécution spécifiques pour qu'ils puissent être inclus dans le Plan d'action actualisé à l'échelle du système et à incorporer pleinement dans leurs programmes tous les mandats et activités contenus dans le Plan d'action à l'échelle du système et dans son annexe;", "5. Prie la Commission des stupéfiants de passer en revue avec une attention particulière les plans spécifiques élaborés par les organismes pour l'exécution du Plan d'action à l'échelle du système, en vue de leur examen par le Conseil économique et social en 1994, lors du débat sur les questions de coordination;", "6. Prie également le Conseil économique et social d'accorder l'attention voulue, lors du débat sur les questions de coordination, au rôle des institutions financières internationales pour ce qui est d'appuyer les efforts déployés à l'échelon international pour lutter contre la drogue, en particulier dans le cadre de la poursuite d'autres formes de développement;", "7. Invite les organes directeurs de tous les organismes des Nations Unies associés au Plan d'action à l'échelle du système à inscrire la question de la lutte contre la drogue à leur ordre du jour en vue : d'examiner la nécessité d'un mandat en matière de lutte contre la drogue; d'évaluer les activités entreprises pour mettre en oeuvre le Plan d'action; et, le cas échéant, de faire rapport sur la manière dont les questions relatives à la lutte contre la drogue sont prises en compte dans les programmes pertinents;", "8. Prie le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues de rendre compte, en coopération avec les organismes compétents, en particulier le Fonds des Nations Unies pour l'enfance, des efforts déployés pour étudier l'impact sur les enfants de l'abus des drogues et de la criminalité liée à la drogue, et de recommander les mesures qui peuvent être prises pour faire face à ce problème;", "9. Recommande que le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues coopère et coordonne ses activités avec le Service de la prévention du crime et de la justice pénale dans la lutte contre la criminalité liée à la drogue, y compris le blanchiment de l'argent, de façon à assurer la complémentarité des efforts et à éviter les doubles emplois;", "10. Demande que le Plan d'action à l'échelle du système soit examiné et mis à jour tous les deux ans;", "V", "Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international", "des drogues", "1. Se félicite des efforts déployés par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues pour exécuter ses mandats dans le cadre des traités internationaux de lutte contre la drogue, du Schéma multidisciplinaire complet pour les activités futures de lutte contre l'abus des drogues, du Programme d'action mondial et des documents consensuels y relatifs;", "2. Insiste auprès de tous les gouvernements pour qu'ils apportent un appui financier et politique aussi large que possible au Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues, en particulier en augmentant leurs contributions volontaires au Programme, afin de lui permettre d'élargir et de renforcer ses activités opérationnelles et de coopération technique;", "3. Se félicite des travaux de la Commission des stupéfiants relatifs à l'examen du budget‑programme du Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues, conformément au mandat énoncé au paragraphe 2, section XVI, de la résolution 46/185 C;", "4. Prend acte du rapport du Secrétaire général sur les arrangements administratifs et financiers du Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues, présenté conformément à la section XVI de la résolution 46/185 C du 20 décembre 1991;", "5. Note avec satisfaction les efforts déployés par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues pour se conformer au mode de présentation et d'établissement approuvé pour le budget‑programme du Fonds, en particulier aux dispositions pertinentes de la Commission des stupéfiants;", "6. Encourage le Directeur exécutif du Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues à poursuivre ses efforts pour améliorer le mode de présentation du budget du Fonds;", "VI", "1. Prend acte des rapports du Secrétaire général présentés au titre du point 112 intitulé \"Lutte internationale contre la drogue;", "2. Prie le Secrétaire général de lui faire rapport, à sa quarante‑neuvième session, sur l'application de la présente résolution.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.18", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 112", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "Bahamas, Bolivia, Cuba, Mexico and United States of America:", "draft resolution", "International action to combat drug abuse and illicit", "production and trafficking", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 47/98, 47/100, 47/101, 47/102 of 16 December 1992 and resolution 48/12, adopted on 28 October 1993,", "Gravely concerned that the illicit demand for, production of and traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances continue to threaten seriously the socio-economic and political systems and the stability, national security and sovereignty of an increasing number of States,", "Fully aware that the international community is confronted with the dramatic problem of drug abuse and the illicit cultivation, production, demand, processing, distribution and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and that States need to work at the international and national levels to deal with this scourge, which has a strong potential to undermine development, economic and political stability and democratic institutions,", "Emphasizing that the problem of drug abuse and illicit trafficking has to be considered within the broader economic and social context,", "Emphasizing also the need for an analysis of transit routes used by drug traffickers, which are constantly changing and expanding to include a growing number of countries and regions in all parts of the world,", "Alarmed by the growing connection between drug trafficking and terrorism in various parts of the world,", "93-60670 (E) 041193 /...", "Recognizing the efforts of countries that produce narcotic drugs for scientific, medicinal and therapeutic uses to prevent the channelling of such substances to illicit markets and to maintain production at a level consistent with licit demand,", "Reaffirming that a comprehensive framework for international cooperation in drug control is provided by the Declaration [1]/ and the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, [2]/ adopted by the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, the Political Declaration and the Global Programme of Action adopted by the General Assembly at its seventeenth special session [3]/ and the Declaration adopted by the World Ministerial Summit to Reduce the Demand for Drugs and to Combat the Cocaine Threat, [4]/ together with the international drug control treaties,", "Stressing the important role of the United Nations and its specialized agencies in supporting concerted action in the fight against drug abuse at the national, regional and international levels,", "Underlining the role of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs as the principal United Nations policy-making body on drug control issues,", "Reaffirming the importance of the role of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme as the main focus for concerted international action for drug abuse control and commending its performance of the functions entrusted to it,", "Affirming the proposals as laid out in the System-Wide Action Plan, and recognizing that further efforts are needed to implement and update it,", "Inviting the relevant agencies of the United Nations system to make greater progress in incorporating within their programmes and activities action aimed at dealing with drug-related problems,", "I", "Respect for the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United", "Nations and international law in the fight against drug abuse and", "illicit trafficking", "1. Reaffirms that the fight against drug abuse and illicit trafficking should continue to be based on strict respect for the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law, particularly respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States and non-use of force or the threat of force in international relations;", "2. Calls upon all States to intensify their actions to promote effective cooperation in the efforts to combat drug abuse and illicit trafficking, so as to contribute to a climate conducive to achieving this end, and to refrain from using the issue for political purposes;", "3. Reaffirms that the international fight against drug trafficking should not in any way justify violation of the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law;", "II", "International action to combat drug abuse", "and illicit trafficking", "1. Reiterates its condemnation of the crime of drug trafficking in all its forms, and urges continued and effective international action to combat it, in keeping with the principle of shared responsibility;", "2. Supports the focus on national and regional strategies for drug abuse control, particularly the master-plan approach, and urges the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to keep in mind that these should be complemented with effective interregional strategies;", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to report on the arrangements made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to promote and monitor the United Nations Decade Against Drug Abuse, 1991-2000, under the theme, \"A global response to a global challenge\", and on the progress made in attaining the objectives of the Decade by Member States, the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the United Nations system;", "4. Welcomes the trend towards ratification and implementation of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, [5]/ that Convention as amended by the 1972 Protocol, [6]/ the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 [7]/ and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988; [8]/", "5. Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to include in its report to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, a section on experience gained to date in implementing the Convention, which should contain recommendations and strategies for its further implementation, and invites Member States to cooperate with the United Nation International Drug Control Programme in this regard;", "6. Encourages all countries to take action to prevent the illicit arms trade by which weapons are provided to drug traffickers;", "7. Expresses its satisfaction with the efforts of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to improve the functioning and impact of the meetings of heads of national drug law enforcement agencies;", "8. Requests the United Nations International Drug Programme in its report on illicit traffic in drugs to analyse worldwide trends in illicit traffic and transit in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, including methods and routes used, and to recommend ways and means for improving the capacity of States along those routes to deal with all aspects of the drug problem;", "9. Emphasizes the link between the illicit production, demand for, and traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and the economic and social conditions in the affected countries and the differences and diversity of the problems in each country;", "10. Calls upon the international community to provide increased economic and technical support to Governments which request it, to support programmes of alternative development which take fully into account the cultural traditions of peoples;", "11. Takes note of the initiative of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to study the concept of swapping debt for alternative development in the area of international drug abuse control and requests the Executive Director to inform the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of any progress made in this area;", "12. Encourages Governments to nominate experts for the roster maintained by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, to ensure that the Programme and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs may draw from the widest pool of expertise and experience in implementing its policies and programmes;", "13. Stresses the need for effective action to prevent the diversion for illicit purposes of precursor and essential chemicals, materials and equipment frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;", "14. Commends the International Narcotics Control Board for its valuable work in monitoring production and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances so as to limit their use to medical and scientific purposes, and for the effective manner in which it has implemented its additional responsibilities, under article 12 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, concerning the control of precursors and essential chemicals;", "15. Expresses its satisfaction with efforts being made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and other United Nations bodies to obtain reliable data on drug abuse and illicit trafficking, including the development of the International Drug Abuse Assessment System;", "16. Recommends to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs that it consider the worldwide research study on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking prepared by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development in conjunction with the report of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking at its thirty‑seventh session, and consider including this issue as an item on its agenda;", "III", "Global Programme of Action", "1. Reaffirms the importance of the Global Programme of Action as framework for national, regional and international action to combat the illicit production of, demand for, and trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and its commitment to implementing the mandates and recommendations contained therein;", "2. Calls upon States individually and in cooperation with other States to promote the Global Programme of Action and to implement its mandates and recommendations, with a view to translating it into practical action for drug abuse control;", "3. Also calls upon the relevant bodies of the United Nations, the specialized agencies, the international financial institutions, and other concerned intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, to cooperate with and assist States in their efforts to promote and implement the Global Programme of Action;", "4. Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, in discharging its mandate, to monitor the Global Programme of Action, to take into account the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation by Member States of the Global Programme of Action; [9]/", "5. Also requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to consider ways and means to facilitate reporting by Governments on implementation of the Global Programme of Action, so as to increase the level of responses;", "IV", "Implementation of the United Nations System-Wide Action Plan on", "Drug Abuse Control: action by agencies of the United Nations", "system", "1. Reaffirms the role of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to coordinate and provide effective leadership for all United Nations drug control activities, in order to ensure coherence of actions within the Programme as well as coordination, complementarity and non-duplication of such activities across the United Nations system;", "2. Calls for completion of the updated System-Wide Action Plan on Drug Abuse Control, as was requested in resolution 47/100, in full cooperation with the Administrative Committee on Coordination, in time for the review and recommendation of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its thirty‑seventh session, and for the consideration of the Economic and Social Council at its regular session of 1994 and of the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "3. Reiterates that the following should be included in the updated Action Plan:", "(a) Addition of an annex to the System-Wide Action Plan containing agency-specific implementing plans;", "(b) A reference to the important role of the international financial institutions, as noted in chapter II of the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, and the ability of such institutions to promote economic stability and undermine the drug industry;", "4. Calls upon all relevant United Nations agencies to complete their agency-specific implementation plans for inclusion in the updated System-Wide Action Plan and to incorporate fully into their programmes all the mandates and activities contained in the System-Wide Action Plan and its annex;", "5. Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to give particular attention to reviewing the agency-specific implementing plans of the System-Wide Action Plan for consideration at the coordination segment of the Economic and Social Council in 1994;", "6. Requests the Economic and Social Council, at its coordination segment, to give due attention to the role of the international financial institutions in supporting international drug control efforts, particularly in the field of alternative development;", "7. Calls upon the governing bodies of all United Nations agencies associated with the System-Wide Action Plan to include the issue of drug control in their agendas with a view to: examining the need for a mandate on drug control; assessing the activities taken to comply with the action plan; and, as appropriate, reporting on how the drug control issues are taken into account in the relevant programmes;", "8. Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in cooperation with the relevant agencies, particularly the United Nations Children's Fund, to report on the efforts to study the impact of drug abuse and related crime on children and recommend measures that may be taken to address this problem;", "9. Recommends that the United Nations International Drug Control Programme cooperate and coordinate with the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch on activities to counter drug-related criminality, including money-laundering, to ensure complementary and non-duplication of efforts;", "10. Requests that the System-Wide Action Plan be reviewed and updated on a biennial basis;", "V", "United Nations International Drug Control Programme", "1. Welcomes the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to implement its mandates within the framework of the international drug control treaties, the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, the Global Programme of Action and relevant consensus documents;", "2. Urges all Governments to provide the fullest possible financial and political support to the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular by increasing voluntary contributions to the Programme, to enable it to expand and strengthen its operational and technical cooperation activities;", "3. Welcomes the work of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the consideration of the programme budget of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in accordance with the mandate contained in resolution 46/185 C of 20 December 1991, section XVI, paragraph 2;", "4. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the administrative and financial arrangements of the United Nations Drug Control Programme pursuant to resolution 46/185 C, section XVI;", "5. Notes with appreciation the efforts made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to comply with the approved format and methodology of the programme budget of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular with the relevant resolutions of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs;", "6. Encourages the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to continue his efforts to improve the presentation of the budget of the Fund;", "VI", "1. Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General presented under item 112 entitled \"International drug control\";", "2. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "-----", "[1] / See Report of the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, Vienna, 17-26 June 1987 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.87.I.18), chap. I, sect. B.", "[2] / Ibid., sect. A.", "[3] / Resolution S-17/2, annex.", "[4] / A/45/262, annex.", "[5] / United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 520, No. 7515.", "[6] / Ibid., vol. 976, No. 14152.", "[7] / Ibid., vol. 1019, No. 14956.", "[8] / E/CONF.82/15 and Corr.2.", "[9] / A/48/286." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.18", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 112", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "Bahamas, Bolivia, Cuba, United States of America and", "Mexico: draft resolution", "International fight against abuse, production and", "Illicit Drug Traffic", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 47/98, 47/100, 47/101, 47/102 of 16 December 1992 and 48/[L.12], adopted at the high-level plenary sessions on 28 October 1993,", "Noting with deep concern that the illicit demand for, production of and trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances continue to pose a serious threat to the socio-economic and political systems, as well as to the stability, national security and sovereignty of an increasing number of States,", "Fully aware that the international community is facing the worrying problem of drug abuse and cultivation, production, demand, treatment, distribution and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and that it is essential that States address this scourge at the international and national levels, which is likely to seriously affect development, economic and political stability and democratic institutions,", "Stressing that the problem of drug abuse and illicit trafficking must be addressed from a broader economic and social perspective,", "Stressing also the need to analyse transit routes used by drug traffickers, which are constantly changing and are increasingly crossing countries and regions throughout the world,", "Alarmed at the increasing links between drug trafficking and terrorism in various parts of the world,", "Appreciating the efforts of countries that produce narcotic drugs for scientific, medical and therapeutic purposes to prevent diversion of such substances to illicit markets and to maintain production at the level of legitimate demand;", "Reaffirming that the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Declaration and Framework for Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, adopted by the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Traffic, the Political Declaration and the World Programme of Action, adopted by the General Assembly at its seventeenth special session, and the Declaration adopted by the World Ministerial Summit on Drug Demand Reduction and Control, together with the international drug control treaties, provide a comprehensive framework for international cooperation in drug control,", "Emphasizing the important role of the United Nations and the specialized agencies in supporting concerted action to combat drug abuse at the national, regional and international levels;", "Emphasizing the role of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs as the principal governing body of the United Nations on drug control issues,", "Reaffirming the important role of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme as the principal agent for concerted action against drug abuse, and commending the Office for the performance of its functions,", "Emphasizing the proposals contained in the System-wide Action Plan and recognizing that further efforts are required to implement and update the Action Plan,", "Calling upon the relevant organizations of the United Nations system to strengthen the integration of drug-related responses into their programmes and activities,", "I", "Respect for the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations", "and international law in combating abuse and trafficking", "Drug Control", "1.Reaffirms that the fight against drug abuse and trafficking should continue to be conducted in strict conformity with the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law, in particular respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States and the non-use of force or threat of force in international relations;", "2.Urges all States to intensify their efforts to promote effective cooperation in the fight against drug abuse and trafficking, so as to contribute to the creation of an enabling environment for the achievement of the objective and to refrain from using the issue for political purposes;", "3.Reaffirms that the international fight against drug trafficking in no way justifies the violation of the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law;", "II", "International efforts to combat abuse and illicit trafficking", "Drug Control", "1.Reiterates its condemnation of drug trafficking in all its forms and calls for continued and effective international action to combat this crime, in accordance with the principle of shared responsibility;", "2.Supports the approach of focusing on national and regional drug abuse control strategies, in particular the master plan approach, and urges the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to take into account the need for effective interregional strategies to complement such strategies;", "3.Requests the Secretary-General to report on the arrangements made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to promote and follow up the United Nations Decade against Drugs (1991-2000), under the theme \"A global response to a global challenge\", and on the progress made by member States, the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the United Nations system in achieving the objectives of the Decade;", "4.Welcomes the progress made in the ratification and implementation of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, the Single Convention as amended by the 1972 Protocol, the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988;", "5.Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to include in its report to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, a chapter on the experience gained to date in the implementation of the Convention, including recommendations and strategies for its further implementation, and invites member States to cooperate with the United Nations International Drug Control Programme in this regard;", "6.Encourages all countries to take measures to prevent the illegal arms trade through which drug traffickers can obtain arms;", "7.Welcomes the efforts of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to improve the functioning and impact of the meetings of heads of national drug law enforcement agencies;", "8.Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to analyse, in its report on illicit drug trafficking, global trends in transit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, including methods and routes used, and to recommend ways to enhance the capacity of States on such routes to address all aspects of the drug problem;", "9.Stresses the link between production, demand and illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and the economic and social situation of the affected countries, as well as the differences and diversity of problems in the countries concerned;", "10.Urges the international community to strengthen the economic and technical support provided to Governments, upon request, in order to support other development programmes that fully take into account the cultural traditions of peoples;", "11.Takes note of the decision of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to study the concept of debt conversion into other development activities in the field of international drug control, and requests the Executive Director to inform the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of progress in this area;", "12.Encourages Governments to nominate candidates for the roster of experts managed by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, so that the Programme and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs can draw on the expertise and experience of as many experts as possible in the implementation of its policies and programmes;", "13.Stresses the need for effective action to prevent the diversion of precursors and other essential chemicals, products and equipment frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for illicit purposes;", "14.Commends the International Narcotics Control Board for its useful work in controlling the production and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances with a view to limiting their use for medical and scientific purposes, as well as for the effective fulfilment of its additional responsibilities under article 12 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances with regard to the control of precursors and basic chemicals;", "15.Welcomes the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and other United Nations bodies to obtain reliable data on drug abuse and illicit trafficking, including the development of the International Drug Abuse Assessment System;", "16.Recommends that the Commission on Narcotic Drugs consider the global study on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking carried out by the United Nations Social Defence Research Institute, together with the report of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking, at its thirty-seventh session, and consider including this item in its agenda;", "III", "Global Programme of Action", "1.Reaffirms the importance of the Global Programme of Action as a framework for national, regional and international efforts to combat the illicit production, demand and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and its determination to implement the mandates and recommendations contained therein;", "2.Invites States, individually and in cooperation with other States, to promote the Global Programme of Action and to implement its mandates and recommendations, with a view to translating it into concrete measures to combat drug abuse;", "3.Also invites the relevant United Nations bodies, specialized agencies, international financial institutions and other relevant intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to cooperate with States and to support their efforts to promote and implement the Global Programme of Action;", "4.Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to take into account, in the implementation of its mandate to follow up on the Global Programme of Action, the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation by Member States of the Global Programme of Action (A/48/286);", "5.Also requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to consider ways and means of facilitating the reporting by Governments on the implementation of the Global Programme of Action, with a view to increasing their level of participation;", "IV", "System-wide implementation of the Programme of Action", "United Nations Drug Abuse Control Programme: action by the United Nations", "United Nations system organizations", "1.Reaffirms the role of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme in effectively coordinating and guiding all drug control activities of the United Nations, so as to ensure coherence of the work of the Programme and the coordination and complementarity of those activities throughout the United Nations system, avoiding duplication of effort;", "2.Requests that the United Nations System-wide Action Plan on Drug Abuse Control be updated, as requested in resolution 47/100, in full cooperation with the Administrative Committee on Coordination and in time for submission to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its thirty-seventh session for its consideration and recommendation, and for consideration by the Economic and Social Council at its regular session of 1994, and by the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "3.Reiterates that the updated Action Plan should include:", "(a)An annex to the System-wide Action Plan containing specific implementation plans developed by the agencies;", "(b)A reference to the important role of international financial institutions, as noted in chapter II of the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Plan for Future Drug Abuse Control Activities, and to the capacity of these institutions to promote economic stability and to undermine the drug industry;", "4.Invites all relevant United Nations organizations to complete the preparation of their specific implementation plans so that they can be included in the updated System-wide Action Plan and to incorporate fully into their programmes all mandates and activities contained in the System-wide Action Plan and its annex;", "5.Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to pay particular attention to the specific plans developed by the organizations for the implementation of the System-wide Plan of Action for consideration by the Economic and Social Council in 1994 during the coordination segment;", "6.Also requests the Economic and Social Council to give due attention, in the coordination segment, to the role of the international financial institutions in supporting international efforts to combat drugs, in particular in the context of the pursuit of other forms of development;", "7.Invites the governing bodies of all United Nations organizations associated with the System-wide Action Plan to include the issue of drug control in their agendas with a view to: considering the need for a mandate to combat drugs;assess the activities undertaken to implement the Action Plan;and, where appropriate, to report on how drug control issues are taken into account in relevant programmes;", "8.Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in cooperation with relevant agencies, in particular the United Nations Children's Fund, to report on efforts to study the impact of drug and drug-related crime on children and to recommend measures to address this problem;", "9.Recommends that the United Nations International Drug Control Programme cooperate and coordinate its activities with the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch in combating drug-related crime, including money-laundering, in order to ensure complementarity of efforts and avoid duplication;", "10.Requests that the System-wide Action Plan be reviewed and updated every two years;", "V", "United Nations International Monitoring Programme", "Drug Control", "1.Welcomes the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to implement its mandates under the international drug control treaties, the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Framework for Future Drug Abuse Control Activities, the Global Programme of Action and the consensus documents thereon;", "2.Urges all Governments to provide the fullest possible financial and political support to the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular through increased voluntary contributions to the Programme, in order to enable it to expand and strengthen its operational and technical cooperation activities;", "3.Welcomes the work of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs in reviewing the programme budget of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in accordance with the mandate contained in paragraph 2, section XVI, of resolution 46/185 C;", "4.Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the administrative and financial arrangements of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, submitted in accordance with section XVI of resolution 46/185 C of 20 December 1991;", "5.Notes with appreciation the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to comply with the format of submission and preparation approved for the programme budget of the Fund, in particular the relevant provisions of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs;", "6.Encourages the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to continue his efforts to improve the format of the budget of the Fund;", "VI", "1.Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General submitted under item 112, entitled \"International drug control;", "2.Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "-----" ]	"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"
"QoE+YX9cI/obfOkKJLd2yM+P0xKXo2vZfkj01OrnQiQ="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.18", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 112", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "Bahamas, Bolivia, Cuba, Mexico and United States of America:", "draft resolution", "International action to combat drug abuse and illicit", "production and trafficking", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 47/98, 47/100, 47/101, 47/102 of 16 December 1992 and resolution 48/12, adopted on 28 October 1993,", "Gravely concerned that the illicit demand for, production of and traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances continue to threaten seriously the socio-economic and political systems and the stability, national security and sovereignty of an increasing number of States,", "Fully aware that the international community is confronted with the dramatic problem of drug abuse and the illicit cultivation, production, demand, processing, distribution and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and that States need to work at the international and national levels to deal with this scourge, which has a strong potential to undermine development, economic and political stability and democratic institutions,", "Emphasizing that the problem of drug abuse and illicit trafficking has to be considered within the broader economic and social context,", "Emphasizing also the need for an analysis of transit routes used by drug traffickers, which are constantly changing and expanding to include a growing number of countries and regions in all parts of the world,", "Alarmed by the growing connection between drug trafficking and terrorism in various parts of the world,", "93-60670 (E) 041193 /...", "Recognizing the efforts of countries that produce narcotic drugs for scientific, medicinal and therapeutic uses to prevent the channelling of such substances to illicit markets and to maintain production at a level consistent with licit demand,", "Reaffirming that a comprehensive framework for international cooperation in drug control is provided by the Declaration [1]/ and the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, [2]/ adopted by the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, the Political Declaration and the Global Programme of Action adopted by the General Assembly at its seventeenth special session [3]/ and the Declaration adopted by the World Ministerial Summit to Reduce the Demand for Drugs and to Combat the Cocaine Threat, [4]/ together with the international drug control treaties,", "Stressing the important role of the United Nations and its specialized agencies in supporting concerted action in the fight against drug abuse at the national, regional and international levels,", "Underlining the role of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs as the principal United Nations policy-making body on drug control issues,", "Reaffirming the importance of the role of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme as the main focus for concerted international action for drug abuse control and commending its performance of the functions entrusted to it,", "Affirming the proposals as laid out in the System-Wide Action Plan, and recognizing that further efforts are needed to implement and update it,", "Inviting the relevant agencies of the United Nations system to make greater progress in incorporating within their programmes and activities action aimed at dealing with drug-related problems,", "I", "Respect for the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United", "Nations and international law in the fight against drug abuse and", "illicit trafficking", "1. Reaffirms that the fight against drug abuse and illicit trafficking should continue to be based on strict respect for the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law, particularly respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States and non-use of force or the threat of force in international relations;", "2. Calls upon all States to intensify their actions to promote effective cooperation in the efforts to combat drug abuse and illicit trafficking, so as to contribute to a climate conducive to achieving this end, and to refrain from using the issue for political purposes;", "3. Reaffirms that the international fight against drug trafficking should not in any way justify violation of the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law;", "II", "International action to combat drug abuse", "and illicit trafficking", "1. Reiterates its condemnation of the crime of drug trafficking in all its forms, and urges continued and effective international action to combat it, in keeping with the principle of shared responsibility;", "2. Supports the focus on national and regional strategies for drug abuse control, particularly the master-plan approach, and urges the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to keep in mind that these should be complemented with effective interregional strategies;", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to report on the arrangements made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to promote and monitor the United Nations Decade Against Drug Abuse, 1991-2000, under the theme, \"A global response to a global challenge\", and on the progress made in attaining the objectives of the Decade by Member States, the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the United Nations system;", "4. Welcomes the trend towards ratification and implementation of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, [5]/ that Convention as amended by the 1972 Protocol, [6]/ the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 [7]/ and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988; [8]/", "5. Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to include in its report to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, a section on experience gained to date in implementing the Convention, which should contain recommendations and strategies for its further implementation, and invites Member States to cooperate with the United Nation International Drug Control Programme in this regard;", "6. Encourages all countries to take action to prevent the illicit arms trade by which weapons are provided to drug traffickers;", "7. Expresses its satisfaction with the efforts of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to improve the functioning and impact of the meetings of heads of national drug law enforcement agencies;", "8. Requests the United Nations International Drug Programme in its report on illicit traffic in drugs to analyse worldwide trends in illicit traffic and transit in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, including methods and routes used, and to recommend ways and means for improving the capacity of States along those routes to deal with all aspects of the drug problem;", "9. Emphasizes the link between the illicit production, demand for, and traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and the economic and social conditions in the affected countries and the differences and diversity of the problems in each country;", "10. Calls upon the international community to provide increased economic and technical support to Governments which request it, to support programmes of alternative development which take fully into account the cultural traditions of peoples;", "11. Takes note of the initiative of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to study the concept of swapping debt for alternative development in the area of international drug abuse control and requests the Executive Director to inform the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of any progress made in this area;", "12. Encourages Governments to nominate experts for the roster maintained by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, to ensure that the Programme and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs may draw from the widest pool of expertise and experience in implementing its policies and programmes;", "13. Stresses the need for effective action to prevent the diversion for illicit purposes of precursor and essential chemicals, materials and equipment frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;", "14. Commends the International Narcotics Control Board for its valuable work in monitoring production and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances so as to limit their use to medical and scientific purposes, and for the effective manner in which it has implemented its additional responsibilities, under article 12 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, concerning the control of precursors and essential chemicals;", "15. Expresses its satisfaction with efforts being made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and other United Nations bodies to obtain reliable data on drug abuse and illicit trafficking, including the development of the International Drug Abuse Assessment System;", "16. Recommends to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs that it consider the worldwide research study on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking prepared by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development in conjunction with the report of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking at its thirty‑seventh session, and consider including this issue as an item on its agenda;", "III", "Global Programme of Action", "1. Reaffirms the importance of the Global Programme of Action as framework for national, regional and international action to combat the illicit production of, demand for, and trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and its commitment to implementing the mandates and recommendations contained therein;", "2. Calls upon States individually and in cooperation with other States to promote the Global Programme of Action and to implement its mandates and recommendations, with a view to translating it into practical action for drug abuse control;", "3. Also calls upon the relevant bodies of the United Nations, the specialized agencies, the international financial institutions, and other concerned intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, to cooperate with and assist States in their efforts to promote and implement the Global Programme of Action;", "4. Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, in discharging its mandate, to monitor the Global Programme of Action, to take into account the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation by Member States of the Global Programme of Action; [9]/", "5. Also requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to consider ways and means to facilitate reporting by Governments on implementation of the Global Programme of Action, so as to increase the level of responses;", "IV", "Implementation of the United Nations System-Wide Action Plan on", "Drug Abuse Control: action by agencies of the United Nations", "system", "1. Reaffirms the role of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to coordinate and provide effective leadership for all United Nations drug control activities, in order to ensure coherence of actions within the Programme as well as coordination, complementarity and non-duplication of such activities across the United Nations system;", "2. Calls for completion of the updated System-Wide Action Plan on Drug Abuse Control, as was requested in resolution 47/100, in full cooperation with the Administrative Committee on Coordination, in time for the review and recommendation of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its thirty‑seventh session, and for the consideration of the Economic and Social Council at its regular session of 1994 and of the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "3. Reiterates that the following should be included in the updated Action Plan:", "(a) Addition of an annex to the System-Wide Action Plan containing agency-specific implementing plans;", "(b) A reference to the important role of the international financial institutions, as noted in chapter II of the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, and the ability of such institutions to promote economic stability and undermine the drug industry;", "4. Calls upon all relevant United Nations agencies to complete their agency-specific implementation plans for inclusion in the updated System-Wide Action Plan and to incorporate fully into their programmes all the mandates and activities contained in the System-Wide Action Plan and its annex;", "5. Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to give particular attention to reviewing the agency-specific implementing plans of the System-Wide Action Plan for consideration at the coordination segment of the Economic and Social Council in 1994;", "6. Requests the Economic and Social Council, at its coordination segment, to give due attention to the role of the international financial institutions in supporting international drug control efforts, particularly in the field of alternative development;", "7. Calls upon the governing bodies of all United Nations agencies associated with the System-Wide Action Plan to include the issue of drug control in their agendas with a view to: examining the need for a mandate on drug control; assessing the activities taken to comply with the action plan; and, as appropriate, reporting on how the drug control issues are taken into account in the relevant programmes;", "8. Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in cooperation with the relevant agencies, particularly the United Nations Children's Fund, to report on the efforts to study the impact of drug abuse and related crime on children and recommend measures that may be taken to address this problem;", "9. Recommends that the United Nations International Drug Control Programme cooperate and coordinate with the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch on activities to counter drug-related criminality, including money-laundering, to ensure complementary and non-duplication of efforts;", "10. Requests that the System-Wide Action Plan be reviewed and updated on a biennial basis;", "V", "United Nations International Drug Control Programme", "1. Welcomes the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to implement its mandates within the framework of the international drug control treaties, the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, the Global Programme of Action and relevant consensus documents;", "2. Urges all Governments to provide the fullest possible financial and political support to the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular by increasing voluntary contributions to the Programme, to enable it to expand and strengthen its operational and technical cooperation activities;", "3. Welcomes the work of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the consideration of the programme budget of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in accordance with the mandate contained in resolution 46/185 C of 20 December 1991, section XVI, paragraph 2;", "4. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the administrative and financial arrangements of the United Nations Drug Control Programme pursuant to resolution 46/185 C, section XVI;", "5. Notes with appreciation the efforts made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to comply with the approved format and methodology of the programme budget of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular with the relevant resolutions of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs;", "6. Encourages the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to continue his efforts to improve the presentation of the budget of the Fund;", "VI", "1. Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General presented under item 112 entitled \"International drug control\";", "2. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "-----", "[1] / See Report of the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, Vienna, 17-26 June 1987 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.87.I.18), chap. I, sect. B.", "[2] / Ibid., sect. A.", "[3] / Resolution S-17/2, annex.", "[4] / A/45/262, annex.", "[5] / United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 520, No. 7515.", "[6] / Ibid., vol. 976, No. 14152.", "[7] / Ibid., vol. 1019, No. 14956.", "[8] / E/CONF.82/15 and Corr.2.", "[9] / A/48/286." ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.3/48/L.18", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "TERCERA COMISION", "Tema 112 del programa", "FISCALIZACION INTERNACIONAL DE DROGAS", "Bahamas, Bolivia, Cuba, Estados Unidos de América y México:", "proyecto de resolución", "Lucha internacional contra el uso indebido y la producción", "y el tráfico ilícitos de drogas", "La Asamblea General,", "Recordando sus resoluciones 47/98, 47/100, 47/101 Y 47/102, de 16 de diciembre de 1992, y su resolución 48/12, aprobada el 28 de octubre de 1993,", "Profundamente preocupada porque la demanda, la producción y el tráfico ilícitos de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas siguen poniendo en grave peligro los sistemas socioeconómicos y políticos, y la estabilidad, la seguridad nacional y la soberanía de un número de Estados cada vez mayor,", "Plenamente consciente de que la comunidad internacional se enfrenta al dramático problema del uso indebido de drogas y del cultivo, la producción, la demanda, la elaboración, la distribución y el tráfico ilícitos de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas y de que los Estados deben obrar tanto en el plano internacional como en el nacional para hacer frente a ese flagelo, que tiene un enorme potencial para socavar el desarrollo, la estabilidad política y económica y las instituciones democráticas,", "Destacando que el problema del uso indebido y tráfico ilícito de drogas debe abordarse en el contexto económico y social más amplio,", "Destacando también que es necesario analizar las rutas de tránsito utilizadas por los narcotraficantes, que cambian constantemente y se amplían para abarcar un número cada vez mayor de países y regiones en todas partes del mundo,", "Alarmada por el creciente vínculo entre el narcotráfico y el terrorismo en diversas partes del mundo,", "Reconociendo los esfuerzos de los países que producen estupefacientes para usos científicos, medicinales y terapéuticos por impedir que esas sustancias se vuelquen en los mercados ilícitos y por mantener la producción a un nivel adecuado en relación con la demanda ilícita,", "Reafirmando que la Declaración[1] y el Plan Amplio y Multidisciplinario de actividades futuras en materia de fiscalización del uso indebido de drogas[2], aprobados por la Conferencia Internacional sobre el Uso Indebido y el Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas, la Declaración Política y el Programa Mundial de Acción aprobados por la Asamblea General en su decimoséptimo período de extraordinario de sesiones[3] y la Declaración aprobada por la Conferencia Ministerial Mundial en la Cumbre para reducir la demanda de drogas y luchar contra la amenaza de la cocaína[4], junto con los tratados internacionales de fiscalización de drogas constituyen un marco general de cooperación internacional en la fiscalización de drogas,", "Destacando el importante papel que desempeñan las Naciones Unidas y sus organismos especializados al apoyar una acción concertada en la lucha contra el uso indebido de drogas en los planos nacional, regional e internacional,", "Subrayando el papel de la Comisión de Estupefacientes como principal órgano normativo de las Naciones Unidas con respecto a las cuestiones de fiscalización de drogas,", "Reafirmando la importancia de la función del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas como principal órgano de coordinación de la acción internacional concertada para la fiscalización del uso indebido de drogas y encomiando el cumplimiento de las funciones que se le han encomendado,", "Subrayando las propuestas enunciadas en el Plan de Acción para todo el sistema y reconociendo la necesidad de desplegar nuevos esfuerzos para aplicarlo y actualizarlo,", "Invitando a los organismos competentes del sistema de las Naciones Unidas a que hagan un mayor progreso en la incorporación en sus programas y actividades de medidas para hacer frente a los problemas relacionados con las drogas,", "I", "Respeto de los principios establecidos en la Carta de las", "Naciones Unidas y el derecho internacional en la lucha", "contra el uso indebido y el tráfico ilícito de drogas", "1. Reafirma que la lucha contra el uso indebido y el tráfico ilícito de drogas deberá seguir basándose en el estricto respeto de los principios consagrados en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y del derecho internacional, en particular el respeto de la soberanía y la integridad territorial de los Estados y la no utilización de la amenaza o el uso de la fuerza en las relaciones internacionales;", "2. Exhorta a todos los Estados a que intensifiquen sus acciones para promover una cooperación eficaz en la lucha contra el uso indebido y el tráfico ilícito de drogas, con objeto de contribuir a crear un clima favorable para lograr ese fin, y a que se abstengan de utilizar el tema con propósitos políticos;", "3. Reafirma que la lucha internacional contra el narcotráfico no debe justificar en modo alguno la violación de los principios consagrados en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas ni los del derecho internacional;", "II", "Lucha internacional contra el uso indebido y el", "tráfico ilícito de drogas", "1. Reitera su condena del delito del narcotráfico en todas sus formas y exhorta a que se adopten medidas internacionales constantes y eficaces para combatirlo, de conformidad con el principio de la responsabilidad compartida;", "2. Apoya la prioridad dada a las estrategias nacionales y regionales para la fiscalización del uso indebido de drogas y en particular, el enfoque basado en un plan básico, e insta al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas a que tenga presente que esas estrategias deben complementarse con estrategias interregionales eficaces;", "3. Pide al Secretario General que le presente un informe sobre los arreglos hechos por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas en relación con la promoción y vigilancia del Decenio de las Naciones Unidas contra el Uso Indebido de Drogas, 1991-2000, bajo el lema \"Una respuesta mundial a un problema mundial\", y sobre el progreso logrado en la consecución de los objetivos del Decenio por parte de los Estados Miembros, el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas y el sistema de las Naciones Unidas;", "4. Acoge con beneplácito la tendencia a la ratificación y aplicación de la Convención Unica de 1961 sobre Estupefacientes[5] de esa Convención enmendada por el Protocolo de 1972[6], del Convenio sobre Sustancias Sicotrópicas de 1971[7] y de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Sicotrópicas de 1988[8];", "5. Pide al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas que en su informe a la Comisión de Estupefacientes sobre la aplicación de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Sicotrópicas incluya una sección sobre la experiencia adquirida hasta la fecha en la aplicación de la Convención, con recomendaciones y estrategias para su futura aplicación, e invita a los Estados Miembros a cooperar con el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas en esa esfera;", "6. Alienta a todos los países a que adopten medidas para evitar el comercio ilícito de armamentos por medio del cual se proporcionan armas a los narcotraficantes;", "7. Expresa su satisfacción por los esfuerzos desplegados por la Comisión de Estupefacientes para mejorar el funcionamiento y realzar los resultados de las reuniones de los jefes de los organismos nacionales encargados de combatir el tráfico ilícito de drogas;", "8. Pide al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas que en su informe sobre el tráfico ilícito de drogas analice las tendencias mundiales del tráfico y del tránsito ilícitos de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas, con inclusión de los métodos y rutas utilizados, y que recomiende medios para aumentar la capacidad de los Estados a lo largo de esas rutas para ocuparse de todos los aspectos del problema de las drogas;", "9. Subraya la conexión entre la producción, la demanda y el tráfico ilícitos de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas y las condiciones económicas y sociales de los países afectados y las diferencias y la diversidad de los problemas en cada país;", "10. Exhorta a la comunidad internacional a que aporte una mayor cooperación económica y técnica a los gobiernos que lo soliciten para apoyar programas de desarrollo sustitutivos que estén cabalmente en consonancia con las tradiciones culturales de los pueblos;", "11. Toma nota de la iniciativa del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas de estudiar el concepto del intercambio de deuda por actividades de desarrollo sustitutivas en la esfera de la lucha internacional contra el uso indebido de drogas y pide al Director Ejecutivo que informe a la Comisión de Estupefacientes sobre los progresos que se hagan en esa esfera;", "12. Alienta a los gobiernos a que designen a expertos para incluirlos en la lista que debe mantener el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas a fin de que el Programa y la Comisión de Estupefacientes puedan contar con el caudal más amplio posible de especialización y experiencia en la ejecución de sus políticas y programas;", "13. Hace hincapié en la necesidad de adoptar medidas eficaces para evitar que se desvíen con fines ilícitos las sustancias precursoras y productos químicos esenciales, los materiales y el equipo que suelen utilizarse en la producción ilícita de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas;", "14. Encomia a la Junta Internacional de Fiscalización de Estupefacientes por su valiosa labor en la vigilancia de la producción y distribución de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas, con objeto de limitar su uso a fines médicos y científicos, y por la manera eficaz en que ha desempeñado sus responsabilidades adicionales, en virtud de lo dispuesto en el artículo 12 de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Sicotrópicas, en lo que respecta a la fiscalización de las sustancias precursoras y de los productos químicos esenciales;", "15. Expresa su satisfacción por los esfuerzos que realizan el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas y otros órganos de las Naciones Unidas para obtener datos confiables sobre el uso indebido y el tráfico ilícito de drogas, incluido el establecimiento del Sistema internacional de evaluación del uso indebido de drogas;", "16. Recomienda a la Comisión de Estupefacientes que examine en su 37º período de sesiones el estudio de investigación mundial sobre las consecuencias económicas y sociales del uso indebido y el tráfico ilícito de drogas preparado por el Instituto de Investigaciones de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Social, junto con el informe del Director Ejecutivo del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas sobre las consecuencias económicas y sociales del uso indebido y el tráfico ilícito de drogas, y que considere la conveniencia de incluir esa cuestión como tema de su programa;", "III", "Programa Mundial de Acción", "1. Reafirma la importancia del Programa Mundial de Acción como marco de la lucha nacional, regional e internacional contra la producción, la demanda y el tráfico ilícitos de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas y su decisión de dar efecto a los mandatos y recomendaciones en él contenidos;", "2. Insta a los Estados a que individualmente y en cooperación con otros Estados promuevan el Programa Mundial de Acción y apliquen sus mandatos y recomendaciones, con la mira de que se manifiesten en medidas prácticas de lucha contra el uso indebido de drogas;", "3. Insta también a los órganos pertinentes de las Naciones Unidas, a los organismos especializados, a las instituciones financieras internacionales y a otras organizaciones intergubernamentales y no gubernamentales competentes a que aporten su cooperación y asistencia a los Estados en la promoción y aplicación del Programa Mundial de Acción;", "4. Pide a la Comisión de Estupefacientes que, en el cumplimiento de su mandato, de vigilar el Programa Mundial de Acción, tenga en cuenta las recomendaciones que figuran en el Informe del Secretario General sobre la aplicación por los Estados Miembros del Programa Mundial de Acción[9];", "5. Pide también a la Comisión de Estupefacientes y al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas que examinen los medios y arbitrios encaminados a facilitar la presentación de informes por los gobiernos sobre la aplicación del Programa Mundial de Acción, de modo de aumentar el número de respuestas;", "IV", "Aplicación del Plan de Acción para todo el sistema de las", "Naciones Unidas sobre fiscalización del uso indebido de", "drogas: actividades de los organismos del sistema de", "las Naciones Unidas", "1. Reafirma la función del Director Ejecutivo del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas de coordinar y dirigir eficazmente todas las actividades de fiscalización de drogas de las Naciones Unidas con objeto de asegurar la coherencia de las actividades dentro del Programa, así como la coordinación, la complementariedad y la no duplicación de esas actividades en todo el sistema de las Naciones Unidas;", "2. Insta a que se concluya la actualización del Plan de Acción para todo el sistema sobre fiscalización del uso indebido de drogas, como se pidió en la resolución 47/100, en cabal cooperación con el Comité Administrativo de Coordinación, en fecha oportuna para su examen y recomendación por parte de la Comisión de Estupefacientes en su 37º período de sesiones y para su examen por el Consejo Económico y Social en su período ordinario de sesiones de 1994 y por la Asamblea General en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones;", "3. Reitera que los siguientes aspectos deben incluirse en el Plan de Acción actualizado:", "a) La adición de un anexo que contenga planes de aplicación para los distintos organismos;", "b) La inclusión de una referencia a la importante función de las instituciones financieras internacionales, señalada en el capítulo II del Plan Amplio y Multidisciplinario de actividades futuras en materia de fiscalización del uso indebido de drogas, y a la capacidad de esas instituciones para promover la estabilidad económica y socavar la industria de la droga;", "4. Insta a todos los organismos pertinentes de las Naciones Unidas a que ultimen la preparación de sus propios planes de aplicación a fin de incorporar plenamente en sus programas todos los mandatos y actividades contenidos en el Plan de Acción para todo el sistema y su anexo;", "5. Pide a la Comisión de Estupefacientes que preste especial atención al examen de los planes de los distintos organismos para la aplicación del Plan de Acción para todo el sistema a fin de que se los pueda examinar en las sesiones de coordinación del Consejo Económico y Social que se celebrarán en 1994;", "6. Pide al Consejo Económico y Social que, en sus sesiones de coordinación, preste la debida atención a la función de las instituciones financieras internacionales en su apoyo a los esfuerzos internacionales de fiscalización de drogas, especialmente en la esfera de los programas de desarrollo sustitutivos;", "7. Exhorta a los órganos rectores de todos los organismos del sistema de las Naciones Unidas que participan en el Plan de Acción para todo el sistema a que incluyan el tema de la fiscalización de drogas en sus programas con la mira de examinar la necesidad de un mandato sobre la fiscalización de drogas, evaluar las actividades emprendidas para dar cumplimiento al Plan de Acción y, según proceda, informar de la forma en que los temas de fiscalización de drogas se han incorporado en los programas pertinentes;", "8. Pide al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas que, en cooperación con los organismos competentes, en particular el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia, informe de las actividades realizadas para estudiar los efectos sobre la infancia del uso indebido de drogas y de los delitos conexos y recomiende las medidas que se puedan adoptar para combatir el problema;", "9. Recomienda que el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas coopere con la Subdivisión de Prevención del Delito y Justicia Penal y coordine con ésta su acción en la esfera de la lucha contra la delincuencia vinculada con los estupefacientes, incluido el blanqueo de dinero, a fin de velar por que sus actividades sean complementarias y que no se dupliquen los esfuerzos;", "10. Pide que el Plan de Acción para todo el sistema se examine y actualice cada dos años;", "V", "Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización", "Internacional de Drogas", "1. Acoge con beneplácito los esfuerzos del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas de cumplir sus mandatos en el marco de los tratados internacionales de fiscalización de drogas, el Plan Amplio y Multidisciplinario de actividades futuras en materia de fiscalización del uso indebido de drogas, el Programa Mundial de Acción y los documentos de consenso pertinentes;", "2. Insta encarecidamente a todos los gobiernos a que presten el apoyo financiero y político más amplio posible al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas, en particular aumentando las contribuciones extrapresupuestarias a ese Programa, con miras a expandir y reforzar sus actividades operacionales y de cooperación técnica;", "3. Acoge con beneplácito la labor de la Comisión de Estupefacientes en el examen del presupuesto por programas del Fondo del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas, de conformidad con el mandato contenido en el párrafo 2 de la sección XVI de la resolución 46/185 C, de 20 de diciembre de 1991;", "4. Toma nota del informe del Secretario General respecto de los arreglos administrativos y financieros del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas de conformidad con lo dispuesto en la sección XVI de la resolución 46/185 C;", "5. Toma nota con reconocimiento de los esfuerzos realizados por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas por conformarse al formato y metodología aprobados del presupuesto por programas del Fondo del Programa Internacional de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas, en particular a las resoluciones pertinentes de la Comisión de Estupefacientes;", "6. Alienta al Director Ejecutivo del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas a que persevere en sus esfuerzos por mejorar la presentación del presupuesto del Fondo;", "VI", "1. Toma nota de los informes del Secretario General presentados en relación con el tema 112 titulado \"Fiscalización internacional de drogas\";", "2. Pide al Secretario General que informe a la Asamblea General en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones sobre las medidas adoptadas para aplicar la presente resolución.", "-----", "[1] Véase Informe de la Conferencia Internacional sobre el Uso Indebido y el Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas, Viena, 17 a 26 de junio de 1987 (publicación de las Naciones Unidas, número de venta: S.87.I.18), cap. I, secc. B.", "[2] Ibíd, secc. A.", "[3] Resolución S-17/2, anexo.", "[4] A/45/262, anexo.", "[5] Naciones Unidas, Treaty Series, vol. 520, No. 7515.", "[6] Ibíd., vol. 976, No. 14152.", "[7] Ibíd., vol. 1019, No. 14956.", "[8] E/CONF.82/15 y Corr.2.", "[9] A/48/286." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.18", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 112", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "Bahamas, Bolivia, Cuba, Mexico and United States of America:", "draft resolution", "International action to combat drug abuse and illicit", "production and trafficking", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 47/98, 47/100, 47/101, 47/102 of 16 December 1992 and resolution 48/12, adopted on 28 October 1993,", "Gravely concerned that the illicit demand for, production of and traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances continue to threaten seriously the socio-economic and political systems and the stability, national security and sovereignty of an increasing number of States,", "Fully aware that the international community is confronted with the dramatic problem of drug abuse and the illicit cultivation, production, demand, processing, distribution and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and that States need to work at the international and national levels to deal with this scourge, which has a strong potential to undermine development, economic and political stability and democratic institutions,", "Emphasizing that the problem of drug abuse and illicit trafficking has to be considered within the broader economic and social context,", "Emphasizing also the need for an analysis of transit routes used by drug traffickers, which are constantly changing and expanding to include a growing number of countries and regions in all parts of the world,", "Alarmed by the growing connection between drug trafficking and terrorism in various parts of the world,", "93-60670 (E) 041193 /...", "Recognizing the efforts of countries that produce narcotic drugs for scientific, medicinal and therapeutic uses to prevent the channelling of such substances to illicit markets and to maintain production at a level consistent with licit demand,", "Reaffirming that a comprehensive framework for international cooperation in drug control is provided by the Declaration [1]/ and the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, [2]/ adopted by the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, the Political Declaration and the Global Programme of Action adopted by the General Assembly at its seventeenth special session [3]/ and the Declaration adopted by the World Ministerial Summit to Reduce the Demand for Drugs and to Combat the Cocaine Threat, [4]/ together with the international drug control treaties,", "Stressing the important role of the United Nations and its specialized agencies in supporting concerted action in the fight against drug abuse at the national, regional and international levels,", "Underlining the role of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs as the principal United Nations policy-making body on drug control issues,", "Reaffirming the importance of the role of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme as the main focus for concerted international action for drug abuse control and commending its performance of the functions entrusted to it,", "Affirming the proposals as laid out in the System-Wide Action Plan, and recognizing that further efforts are needed to implement and update it,", "Inviting the relevant agencies of the United Nations system to make greater progress in incorporating within their programmes and activities action aimed at dealing with drug-related problems,", "I", "Respect for the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United", "Nations and international law in the fight against drug abuse and", "illicit trafficking", "1. Reaffirms that the fight against drug abuse and illicit trafficking should continue to be based on strict respect for the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law, particularly respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States and non-use of force or the threat of force in international relations;", "2. Calls upon all States to intensify their actions to promote effective cooperation in the efforts to combat drug abuse and illicit trafficking, so as to contribute to a climate conducive to achieving this end, and to refrain from using the issue for political purposes;", "3. Reaffirms that the international fight against drug trafficking should not in any way justify violation of the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law;", "II", "International action to combat drug abuse", "and illicit trafficking", "1. Reiterates its condemnation of the crime of drug trafficking in all its forms, and urges continued and effective international action to combat it, in keeping with the principle of shared responsibility;", "2. Supports the focus on national and regional strategies for drug abuse control, particularly the master-plan approach, and urges the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to keep in mind that these should be complemented with effective interregional strategies;", "3. Requests the Secretary-General to report on the arrangements made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to promote and monitor the United Nations Decade Against Drug Abuse, 1991-2000, under the theme, \"A global response to a global challenge\", and on the progress made in attaining the objectives of the Decade by Member States, the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the United Nations system;", "4. Welcomes the trend towards ratification and implementation of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, [5]/ that Convention as amended by the 1972 Protocol, [6]/ the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 [7]/ and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988; [8]/", "5. Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to include in its report to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, a section on experience gained to date in implementing the Convention, which should contain recommendations and strategies for its further implementation, and invites Member States to cooperate with the United Nation International Drug Control Programme in this regard;", "6. Encourages all countries to take action to prevent the illicit arms trade by which weapons are provided to drug traffickers;", "7. Expresses its satisfaction with the efforts of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to improve the functioning and impact of the meetings of heads of national drug law enforcement agencies;", "8. Requests the United Nations International Drug Programme in its report on illicit traffic in drugs to analyse worldwide trends in illicit traffic and transit in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, including methods and routes used, and to recommend ways and means for improving the capacity of States along those routes to deal with all aspects of the drug problem;", "9. Emphasizes the link between the illicit production, demand for, and traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and the economic and social conditions in the affected countries and the differences and diversity of the problems in each country;", "10. Calls upon the international community to provide increased economic and technical support to Governments which request it, to support programmes of alternative development which take fully into account the cultural traditions of peoples;", "11. Takes note of the initiative of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to study the concept of swapping debt for alternative development in the area of international drug abuse control and requests the Executive Director to inform the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of any progress made in this area;", "12. Encourages Governments to nominate experts for the roster maintained by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, to ensure that the Programme and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs may draw from the widest pool of expertise and experience in implementing its policies and programmes;", "13. Stresses the need for effective action to prevent the diversion for illicit purposes of precursor and essential chemicals, materials and equipment frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;", "14. Commends the International Narcotics Control Board for its valuable work in monitoring production and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances so as to limit their use to medical and scientific purposes, and for the effective manner in which it has implemented its additional responsibilities, under article 12 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, concerning the control of precursors and essential chemicals;", "15. Expresses its satisfaction with efforts being made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and other United Nations bodies to obtain reliable data on drug abuse and illicit trafficking, including the development of the International Drug Abuse Assessment System;", "16. Recommends to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs that it consider the worldwide research study on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking prepared by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development in conjunction with the report of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking at its thirty‑seventh session, and consider including this issue as an item on its agenda;", "III", "Global Programme of Action", "1. Reaffirms the importance of the Global Programme of Action as framework for national, regional and international action to combat the illicit production of, demand for, and trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and its commitment to implementing the mandates and recommendations contained therein;", "2. Calls upon States individually and in cooperation with other States to promote the Global Programme of Action and to implement its mandates and recommendations, with a view to translating it into practical action for drug abuse control;", "3. Also calls upon the relevant bodies of the United Nations, the specialized agencies, the international financial institutions, and other concerned intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, to cooperate with and assist States in their efforts to promote and implement the Global Programme of Action;", "4. Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, in discharging its mandate, to monitor the Global Programme of Action, to take into account the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation by Member States of the Global Programme of Action; [9]/", "5. Also requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to consider ways and means to facilitate reporting by Governments on implementation of the Global Programme of Action, so as to increase the level of responses;", "IV", "Implementation of the United Nations System-Wide Action Plan on", "Drug Abuse Control: action by agencies of the United Nations", "system", "1. Reaffirms the role of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to coordinate and provide effective leadership for all United Nations drug control activities, in order to ensure coherence of actions within the Programme as well as coordination, complementarity and non-duplication of such activities across the United Nations system;", "2. Calls for completion of the updated System-Wide Action Plan on Drug Abuse Control, as was requested in resolution 47/100, in full cooperation with the Administrative Committee on Coordination, in time for the review and recommendation of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its thirty‑seventh session, and for the consideration of the Economic and Social Council at its regular session of 1994 and of the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "3. Reiterates that the following should be included in the updated Action Plan:", "(a) Addition of an annex to the System-Wide Action Plan containing agency-specific implementing plans;", "(b) A reference to the important role of the international financial institutions, as noted in chapter II of the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, and the ability of such institutions to promote economic stability and undermine the drug industry;", "4. Calls upon all relevant United Nations agencies to complete their agency-specific implementation plans for inclusion in the updated System-Wide Action Plan and to incorporate fully into their programmes all the mandates and activities contained in the System-Wide Action Plan and its annex;", "5. Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to give particular attention to reviewing the agency-specific implementing plans of the System-Wide Action Plan for consideration at the coordination segment of the Economic and Social Council in 1994;", "6. Requests the Economic and Social Council, at its coordination segment, to give due attention to the role of the international financial institutions in supporting international drug control efforts, particularly in the field of alternative development;", "7. Calls upon the governing bodies of all United Nations agencies associated with the System-Wide Action Plan to include the issue of drug control in their agendas with a view to: examining the need for a mandate on drug control; assessing the activities taken to comply with the action plan; and, as appropriate, reporting on how the drug control issues are taken into account in the relevant programmes;", "8. Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in cooperation with the relevant agencies, particularly the United Nations Children's Fund, to report on the efforts to study the impact of drug abuse and related crime on children and recommend measures that may be taken to address this problem;", "9. Recommends that the United Nations International Drug Control Programme cooperate and coordinate with the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch on activities to counter drug-related criminality, including money-laundering, to ensure complementary and non-duplication of efforts;", "10. Requests that the System-Wide Action Plan be reviewed and updated on a biennial basis;", "V", "United Nations International Drug Control Programme", "1. Welcomes the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to implement its mandates within the framework of the international drug control treaties, the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, the Global Programme of Action and relevant consensus documents;", "2. Urges all Governments to provide the fullest possible financial and political support to the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular by increasing voluntary contributions to the Programme, to enable it to expand and strengthen its operational and technical cooperation activities;", "3. Welcomes the work of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the consideration of the programme budget of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in accordance with the mandate contained in resolution 46/185 C of 20 December 1991, section XVI, paragraph 2;", "4. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the administrative and financial arrangements of the United Nations Drug Control Programme pursuant to resolution 46/185 C, section XVI;", "5. Notes with appreciation the efforts made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to comply with the approved format and methodology of the programme budget of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular with the relevant resolutions of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs;", "6. Encourages the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to continue his efforts to improve the presentation of the budget of the Fund;", "VI", "1. Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General presented under item 112 entitled \"International drug control\";", "2. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "-----", "[1] / See Report of the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, Vienna, 17-26 June 1987 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.87.I.18), chap. I, sect. B.", "[2] / Ibid., sect. A.", "[3] / Resolution S-17/2, annex.", "[4] / A/45/262, annex.", "[5] / United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 520, No. 7515.", "[6] / Ibid., vol. 976, No. 14152.", "[7] / Ibid., vol. 1019, No. 14956.", "[8] / E/CONF.82/15 and Corr.2.", "[9] / A/48/286." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.3 / 48 / L.18", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 112", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "Bahamas, Bolivia, Cuba, Mexico and United States of America:", "draft resolution", "International fight against abuse and production", "and illicit drug trafficking", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 47 / 98, 47 / 100, 47 / 101 and 47 / 102 of 16 December 1992 and its resolution 48 / 12, adopted on 28 October 1993,", "Deeply concerned that the illicit demand for, production of and trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances continue to seriously endanger socio-economic and political systems, and the stability, national security and sovereignty of an increasing number of States,", "Fully aware that the international community is facing the dramatic problem of drug abuse and the cultivation, production, demand, processing, distribution and illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and that States must act both internationally and nationally to address that scourge, which has a huge potential to undermine development, political and economic stability and democratic institutions,", "Stressing that the problem of drug abuse and illicit trafficking must be addressed in the broader economic and social context,", "Stressing also the need to analyse the transit routes used by drug traffickers, which are constantly changing and expanding to cover an increasing number of countries and regions in all parts of the world,", "Alarmed by the growing link between drug trafficking and terrorism in various parts of the world,", "Recognizing the efforts of countries that produce narcotic drugs for scientific, medicinal and therapeutic uses to prevent such substances from being turned over to illicit markets and to keep production at an adequate level in relation to illicit demand,", "Reaffirming that the Declaration [1] and the Comprehensive and Multidisciplinary Plan of Future Activities in the Field of Drug Abuse Control [2], adopted by the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Traffic, the Political Declaration and the World Programme of Action adopted by the General Assembly at its seventeenth special session [3] and the Declaration adopted by the World Ministerial Summit to Reduce Drug Demand and Combat the Threat of Cocaine [4], together with the international drug control treaties, constitute an overall framework for international cooperation in drug control,", "Stressing the important role of the United Nations and its specialized agencies in supporting concerted action to combat drug abuse at the national, regional and international levels,", "Underlining the role of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs as the principal policy-making body of the United Nations in drug control issues,", "Reaffirming the importance of the role of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme as the main coordinating body for concerted international action on drug abuse control, and commending the implementation of the functions entrusted to it,", "Underlining the proposals contained in the System-wide Action Plan, and recognizing the need for further efforts to implement and update it,", "Inviting the relevant agencies of the United Nations system to make further progress in the incorporation of drug-related measures and activities into their programmes and activities,", "I", "Respect for the principles set out in the Charter of the", "and international law in the fight against terrorism", "against drug abuse and illicit trafficking", "1.Reaffirms that the fight against drug abuse and illicit trafficking should continue to be based on strict respect for the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law, in particular respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States and the non-use of the threat or use of force in international relations;", "2.Calls upon all States to intensify their efforts to promote effective cooperation in the fight against drug abuse and illicit trafficking, with a view to contributing to the creation of a favourable climate for that purpose, and to refrain from using the topic for political purposes;", "3.Reaffirms that the international fight against drug trafficking should in no way justify a violation of the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations or those of international law;", "II", "International efforts to combat abuse and abuse", "illicit drug trafficking", "1.Reiterates its condemnation of the crime of drug trafficking in all its forms, and calls for the adoption of continued and effective international measures to combat it, in accordance with the principle of shared responsibility;", "2.Supports the priority given to national and regional strategies for drug abuse control, and in particular, the core plan approach, and urges the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to bear in mind that such strategies should be complemented by effective interregional strategies;", "3.Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly a report on the arrangements made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme in connection with the promotion and monitoring of the United Nations Decade against Drug Abuse, 1991- 2000, under the theme \"A global response to a global problem,\" and on the progress made in the achievement of the goals of the Decade by Member States, the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the United Nations system;", "4.Welcomes the trend towards ratification and implementation of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 [5], the Convention as amended by the 1972 Protocol [6], the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 [7] and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 [8];", "5.Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to include in its report to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances a section on the experience gained so far in the implementation of the Convention, with recommendations and strategies for its future implementation, and invites Member States to cooperate with the United Nations International Drug Control Programme in this area;", "6.Encourages all countries to take measures to prevent the illicit arms trade through which arms are provided to drug traffickers;", "7.Expresses its satisfaction at the efforts of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to improve the functioning and the outcomes of the meetings of the heads of national drug law enforcement agencies;", "8.Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to analyse in its report on illicit drug trafficking global trends in illicit trafficking in and transit of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, including the methods and routes used, and to recommend ways and means to enhance the capacity of States along those routes to address all aspects of the drug problem;", "9.Stresses the connection between the illicit production of, demand for and trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and the economic and social conditions of the affected countries and the differences and diversity of problems in each country;", "10.Calls upon the international community to provide greater economic and technical cooperation to Governments, at their request, in support of alternative development programmes that are fully in line with the cultural traditions of peoples;", "11.Takes note of the initiative of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to study the concept of debt-for-development exchange in the field of international efforts to combat drug abuse, and requests the Executive Director to report to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on progress in this area;", "12.Encourages Governments to designate experts to be included in the list to be maintained by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme so that the Programme and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs can have the widest possible flow of expertise and experience in the implementation of their policies and programmes;", "13.Emphasizes the need for effective measures to prevent the diversion for illicit purposes of precursors and essential chemicals, materials and equipment that are often used in the illicit production of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;", "14.Commends the International Narcotics Control Board for its valuable work in monitoring the production and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, with a view to limiting their use for medical and scientific purposes, and for the effective manner in which it has fulfilled its additional responsibilities, under article 12 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, with regard to the control of precursor substances and essential chemicals;", "15.Expresses its satisfaction at the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and other United Nations bodies to obtain reliable data on drug abuse and illicit trafficking, including the establishment of the International Drug Abuse Assessment System;", "16.Recommends that the Commission on Narcotic Drugs consider at its thirty-seventh session the global research study on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking prepared by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, together with the report of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking, and consider including this issue as an item on its agenda;", "III", "Global Programme of Action", "1.Reaffirms the importance of the Global Programme of Action as a framework for the national, regional and international fight against the illicit production, demand and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and its decision to give effect to the mandates and recommendations contained therein;", "2.Urges States individually and in cooperation with other States to promote the Global Programme of Action and to implement its mandates and recommendations, with a view to their being reflected in practical measures to combat drug abuse;", "3.Also urges relevant United Nations bodies, specialized agencies, international financial institutions and other relevant intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to contribute their cooperation and assistance to States in the promotion and implementation of the Global Programme of Action;", "4.Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, in the implementation of its mandate, to monitor the Global Programme of Action, to take into account the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation by Member States of the World Programme of Action [9];", "5.Also requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to consider ways and means of facilitating the reporting by Governments on the implementation of the Global Programme of Action, in order to increase the number of responses;", "IV", "Implementation of the United Nations System-wide Action Plan", "on the Control of the Abuse of", "activities of the agencies of the", "United Nations", "1.Reaffirms the role of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme in effectively coordinating and directing all United Nations drug control activities in order to ensure the coherence of activities within the Programme, as well as the coordination, complementarity and non-duplication of such activities throughout the United Nations system;", "2.Urges the completion of the system-wide action plan on drug abuse control, as called for in resolution 47 / 100, in full cooperation with the Administrative Committee on Coordination, in a timely manner for its consideration and recommendation by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its thirty-seventh session and for its consideration by the Economic and Social Council at its regular session 1994 and by the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "3.Reiterates that the following aspects should be included in the updated Plan of Action:", "(a)The addition of an annex containing implementation plans for the various agencies;", "(b)The inclusion of a reference to the important role of international financial institutions, as outlined in chapter II of the Comprehensive and Multidisciplinary Plan of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, and to the capacity of such institutions to promote economic stability and undermine the drug industry;", "4.Urges all relevant United Nations agencies to complete the preparation of their own implementation plans in order to fully incorporate into their programmes all the mandates and activities contained in the System-wide Action Plan and its annex;", "5.Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to pay particular attention to the review of the plans of the various agencies for the implementation of the System-wide Action Plan for consideration at the coordination sessions of the Economic and Social Council in 1994;", "6.Requests the Economic and Social Council, at its coordination meetings, to give due attention to the role of international financial institutions in supporting international drug control efforts, especially in the area of alternative development programmes;", "7.Calls upon the governing bodies of all United Nations system agencies involved in the System-wide Action Plan to include the topic of drug control in their programmes with a view to reviewing the need for a mandate on drug control, assessing the activities undertaken to implement the Plan of Action and, as appropriate, reporting on how drug control issues have been incorporated into relevant programmes;", "8.Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in cooperation with relevant agencies, in particular the United Nations Children's Fund, to report on activities undertaken to study the impact of drug abuse and related crime on children and to recommend any measures that may be taken to combat the problem;", "9.Recommends that the United Nations International Drug Control Programme cooperate with and coordinate with the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch in the area of combating drug-related crime, including money-laundering, to ensure that its activities are complementary and that efforts are not duplicated;", "10.Calls for the review and updating of the System-wide Action Plan every two years;", "V", "United Nations Monitoring Programme", "International Drug Law", "1.Welcomes the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to implement its mandates under the international drug control treaties, the Comprehensive and Multidisciplinary Plan of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, the Global Programme of Action and relevant consensus documents;", "2.Strongly urges all Governments to provide the widest possible financial and political support to the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular by increasing extrabudgetary contributions to the Programme, with a view to expanding and strengthening its operational and technical cooperation activities;", "3.Welcomes the work of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs in the review of the programme budget of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in accordance with the mandate contained in section XVI, paragraph 2, of resolution 46 / 185 C of 20 December 1991;", "4.Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the administrative and financial arrangements of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme in accordance with section XVI of resolution 46 / 185 C;", "5.Takes note with appreciation of the efforts made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to conform to the approved format and methodology of the programme budget of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular the relevant resolutions of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs;", "6.Encourages the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to continue his efforts to improve the presentation of the budget of the Fund;", "VI", "1.Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General submitted under item 112 entitled \"International drug control\";", "2.Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session on the measures taken to implement the present resolution.", "-----", "[1]See Report of the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Traffic, Vienna, 17-26 June 1987 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.87.I.18), chap.I, sect.B.", "[2] Ibid., sect.A.", "[3] Resolution S-17 / 2, annex.", "[4] A / 45 / 262, annex.", "[5] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol.520, No.7515.", "[6]Ibid., vol.976, No.14152.", "[7]Ibid., vol.1019, No.14956.", "[8]E / CONF.82 / 15 and Corr.2.", "[9]A / 48 / 286." ]	"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"
"bY+zkU/tqNlhZeoPHMNaJHT5wV826TAOWttoLi2/kow="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.3/48/L.18", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "TROISIEME COMMISSION", "Point 112 de l'ordre du jour", "CONTROLE INTERNATIONAL DES DROGUES", "Bahamas, Bolivie, Cuba, Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et", "Mexique : projet de résolution", "Lutte internationale contre l'abus, la production", "et le trafic illicites des drogues", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Rappelant ses résolutions 47/98, 47/100, 47/101, 47/102 du 16 décembre 1992 ainsi que la résolution 48/[L.12], adoptées aux sessions plénières de haut niveau le 28 octobre 1993,", "Notant avec une vive préoccupation que la demande, la production et le trafic illicites de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes continuent à faire peser une grave menace sur les systèmes socio-économiques et politiques, ainsi que sur la stabilité, la sécurité nationale et la souveraineté d'un nombre croissant d'Etats,", "Pleinement consciente que la communauté internationale doit faire face au problème inquiétant que constituent l'abus des drogues et la culture, la production, la demande, le traitement, la distribution et le trafic illicites des stupéfiants et des substances psychotropes et qu'il est indispensable que les Etats s'attaquent, sur le plan international et national, à ce fléau qui risque de nuire gravement au développement, à la stabilité économique et politique ainsi qu'aux institutions démocratiques,", "Soulignant que le problème de l'abus et du trafic illicite des drogues doit être abordé dans une perspective économique et sociale plus large,", "Soulignant également la nécessité d'analyser les itinéraires de transit utilisés par les trafiquants de drogues, qui changent constamment et traversent de plus en plus de pays et de régions dans le monde entier,", "Alarmée de constater que le trafic des drogues et le terrorisme sont de plus en plus étroitement liés dans diverses régions du monde,", "Appréciant les efforts déployés par les pays qui produisent des stupéfiants à des fins scientifiques, médicales et thérapeutiques pour empêcher que ces substances ne soient détournées vers les marchés illicites et pour maintenir la production au niveau de la demande licite;", "Réaffirmant que la Déclaration et le Schéma multidisciplinaire complet pour les activités futures de lutte contre l'abus des drogues, adoptés par la Conférence internationale sur l'abus et le trafic illicite des drogues, la Déclaration politique et le Programme d'action mondial, adoptés par l'Assemblée générale à sa dix‑septième session extraordinaire, et la Déclaration adoptée par le Sommet ministériel mondial sur la réduction de la demande de drogues et la lutte contre la cocaïne offrent, avec les traités internationaux de lutte contre la drogue, un cadre d'ensemble pour la coopération internationale en matière de lutte contre la drogue,", "Soulignant l'importance du rôle joué par l'Organisation des Nations Unies et les institutions spécialisées à l'appui de l'action concertée visant à lutter contre l'abus des drogues sur les plans national, régional et international;", "Mettant en relief le rôle de la Commission des stupéfiants, principal organe directeur de l'Organisation des Nations Unies sur les questions ayant trait à la lutte contre la drogue,", "Réaffirmant l'importance du rôle du Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues, en tant que principal agent de l'action concertée contre l'abus des drogues et le félicitant de la manière dont il s'est acquitté des fonctions qui lui sont confiées,", "Soulignant les propositions énoncées dans le Plan d'action à l'échelle du système et considérant que l'application et la mise à jour du plan d'action exigent de nouveaux efforts,", "Invitant les organismes compétents des Nations Unies à mieux incorporer dans leurs programmes et leurs activités des mesures visant à s'attaquer aux problèmes liés à la drogue,", "I", "Respect des principes que consacrent la Charte des Nations Unies", "et le droit international dans la lutte contre l'abus et le trafic", "des drogues", "1. Réaffirme que la lutte contre l'abus et le trafic des drogues doit continuer à être menée en stricte conformité avec les principes que consacrent la Charte des Nations Unies et le droit international, en particulier le respect de la souveraineté et de l'intégrité territoriale des Etats et le non‑recours à la menace ou à l'emploi de la force dans les relations internationales;", "2. Exhorte tous les Etats à redoubler d'efforts pour promouvoir une coopération efficace dans la lutte contre l'abus et le trafic des drogues, de façon à contribuer à l'instauration d'un climat propice à la réalisation de l'objectif visé, ainsi qu'à s'abstenir d'utiliser la question à des fins politiques;", "3. Réaffirme que la lutte internationale contre le trafic des drogues ne justifie en aucun cas la violation des principes que consacrent la Charte des Nations Unies et le droit international;", "II", "Lutte internationale contre l'abus et le trafic illicite", "des drogues", "1. Condamne de nouveau le trafic de drogues sous toutes ses formes et préconise une action internationale suivie et efficace pour lutter contre ce crime, conformément au principe de la responsabilité partagée;", "2. Appuie l'approche consistant à mettre l'accent sur les stratégies nationales et régionales de lutte contre l'abus des drogues, en particulier la méthode du plan directeur, et invite instamment le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues à tenir compte du fait que celles-ci doivent être complétées par des stratégies interrégionales efficaces;", "3. Prie le Secrétaire général de rendre compte des arrangements pris par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues en vue de promouvoir et de suivre la Décennie des Nations Unies contre la drogue (1991‑2000), sous le thème \"Une réaction mondiale à un défi mondial\", et sur les progrès accomplis par les Etats membres, le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues et le système des Nations Unies dans la réalisation des objectifs de la Décennie;", "4. Se félicite des progrès constatés quant à la ratification et à l'application de la Convention unique sur les stupéfiants de 1961, de cette Convention telle que modifiée par le Protocole de 1972, de la Convention sur les substances psychotropes de 1971 et de la Convention des Nations Unies contre le trafic illicite de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes de 1988;", "5. Prie le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues d'inclure, dans le rapport qu'il présentera à la Commission des stupéfiants sur l'application de la Convention des Nations Unies contre le trafic illicite de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes de 1988, un chapitre sur l'expérience acquise à ce jour en ce qui concerne l'application de la Convention, dans lequel figureraient des recommandations et des stratégies relatives à la poursuite de son application et invite les Etats membres à coopérer avec le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues dans ce domaine;", "6. Encourage tous les pays à prendre des mesures pour empêcher le commerce illégal d'armes grâce auquel les trafiquants de drogues peuvent se procurer des armes;", "7. Se félicite des efforts déployés par la Commission des stupéfiants pour améliorer le fonctionnement et l'impact des réunions des chefs des services nationaux de répression compétents en matière de drogues;", "8. Prie le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues d'analyser, dans son rapport sur le trafic illicite des drogues, les tendances mondiales du trafic de transit de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes, y compris les méthodes et les itinéraires utilisés, et de recommander des moyens de rendre les Etats situés sur ces itinéraires mieux à même de s'attaquer à tous les aspects du problème de la drogue;", "9. Souligne le lien existant entre, d'une part, la production, la demande, et le trafic illicite de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes et, d'autre part, la situation économique et sociale des pays touchés, ainsi que les différences et la diversité des problèmes dans les pays considérés;", "10. Exhorte la communauté internationale à renforcer l'appui économique et technique offert aux gouvernements qui le demandent afin d'appuyer d'autres programmes de développement qui tiennent pleinement compte des traditions culturelles des peuples;", "11. Prend note du fait que le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues a décidé d'étudier la notion de conversion des créances en activités visant une autre forme de développement dans le domaine de la lutte internationale contre la drogue et prie le Directeur exécutif d'informer la Commission des stupéfiants des progrès réalisés dans ce domaine;", "12. Encourage les gouvernements à proposer des candidatures pour le fichier d'experts géré par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues, de façon que le Programme et la Commission des stupéfiants puissent faire appel aux services spécialisés et à l'expérience d'un aussi grand nombre de spécialistes que possible pour l'exécution de ses politiques et programmes;", "13. Souligne la nécessité d'une action efficace pour empêcher que les précurseurs et d'autres produits chimiques essentiels, les produits et le matériel fréquemment utilisés pour la fabrication illicite de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes ne soient détournés à des fins illicites;", "14. Félicite l'Organe international de contrôle des stupéfiants de l'utile travail de contrôle de la production et de la distribution des stupéfiants et des substances psychotropes qu'il accomplit en vue d'en limiter l'utilisation à des fins médicales et scientifiques, ainsi que de l'efficacité avec laquelle il s'est acquitté de ses responsabilités additionnelles en vertu de l'article 12 de la Convention des Nations Unies contre le trafic de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes concernant le contrôle des précurseurs et des produits chimiques de base;", "15. Se félicite des efforts déployés par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues et d'autres organes des Nations Unies pour obtenir des données fiables concernant l'abus et le trafic illicite des drogues, notamment de la mise au point du Système international d'évaluation de l'abus des drogues;", "16. Recommande à la Commission des stupéfiants d'examiner l'étude mondiale sur les conséquences économiques et sociales de l'abus et du trafic illicite des drogues réalisée par l'Institut de recherche des Nations Unies sur la défense sociale en même temps que le rapport du Directeur exécutif du Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues sur les conséquences économiques et sociales de l'abus et du trafic illicite des drogues, à sa trente‑septième session, et d'envisager d'inscrire cette question à son ordre du jour;", "III", "Programme d'action mondial", "1. Réaffirme l'importance du Programme d'action mondial en tant que cadre de l'action menée aux échelons national, régional et international pour lutter contre la production, la demande et le trafic illicites de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes, et sa détermination d'exécuter les mandats et recommandations qu'il contient;", "2. Invite les Etats, agissant individuellement et en coopération avec d'autres Etats, à promouvoir le Programme d'action mondial et à exécuter ses mandats et recommandations, en vue de le traduire en mesures concrètes de lutte contre l'abus des drogues;", "3. Invite également les organes compétents des Nations Unies, les institutions spécialisées, les institutions financières internationales, et d'autres organisations intergouvernementales et non gouvernementales concernées à coopérer avec les Etats et à soutenir les efforts qu'ils déploient pour promouvoir et appliquer le Programme d'action mondial;", "4. Prie la Commission des stupéfiants de prendre en compte, dans l'exécution de son mandat consistant à suivre le Programme d'action mondial, les recommandations contenues dans le rapport du Secrétaire général sur l'application par les Etats Membres du Programme d'action mondial (A/48/286);", "5. Prie également la Commission des stupéfiants et le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues d'examiner les moyens de faciliter l'établissement de rapports par les gouvernements touchant la mise en oeuvre du Programme d'action mondial, de façon à accroître leur niveau de participation;", "IV", "Application du Programme d'action à l'échelle du système des", "Nations Unies pour la lutte contre l'abus des drogues : action", "menée par les organismes du système des Nations Unies", "1. Réaffirme que le Directeur exécutif du Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues a pour rôle de coordonner et d'orienter efficacement toutes les activités de lutte contre la drogue de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, de façon à assurer la cohésion des actions entreprises dans le cadre du Programme ainsi que la coordination et la complémentarité de ces activités dans tout le système des Nations Unies, en évitant les doubles emplois;", "2. Demande que le Plan d'action à l'échelle du système des Nations Unies pour la lutte contre l'abus des drogues soit mis à jour, comme il est demandé dans la résolution 47/100, en pleine coopération avec le Comité administratif de coordination et en temps voulu pour être soumis, aux fins d'examen et de recommandation, à la Commission des stupéfiants à sa trente‑septième session, et examiné par le Conseil économique et social à sa session ordinaire de 1994, et par l'Assemblée générale à sa quarante-neuvième session;", "3. Déclare à nouveau que le Plan d'action mis à jour devrait comporter :", "a) Une annexe au Plan d'action à l'échelle du système contenant des plans d'exécution spécifiques élaborés par les organismes;", "b) Une référence au rôle important que jouent les institutions financières internationales, comme le note le chapitre II du Schéma multidisciplinaire complet pour les activités futures de lutte contre l'abus des drogues, et à la capacité qu'ont ces institutions de promouvoir la stabilité économique et d'ébranler l'industrie de la drogue;", "4. Invite tous les organismes compétents des Nations Unies à achever l'élaboration de leurs plans d'exécution spécifiques pour qu'ils puissent être inclus dans le Plan d'action actualisé à l'échelle du système et à incorporer pleinement dans leurs programmes tous les mandats et activités contenus dans le Plan d'action à l'échelle du système et dans son annexe;", "5. Prie la Commission des stupéfiants de passer en revue avec une attention particulière les plans spécifiques élaborés par les organismes pour l'exécution du Plan d'action à l'échelle du système, en vue de leur examen par le Conseil économique et social en 1994, lors du débat sur les questions de coordination;", "6. Prie également le Conseil économique et social d'accorder l'attention voulue, lors du débat sur les questions de coordination, au rôle des institutions financières internationales pour ce qui est d'appuyer les efforts déployés à l'échelon international pour lutter contre la drogue, en particulier dans le cadre de la poursuite d'autres formes de développement;", "7. Invite les organes directeurs de tous les organismes des Nations Unies associés au Plan d'action à l'échelle du système à inscrire la question de la lutte contre la drogue à leur ordre du jour en vue : d'examiner la nécessité d'un mandat en matière de lutte contre la drogue; d'évaluer les activités entreprises pour mettre en oeuvre le Plan d'action; et, le cas échéant, de faire rapport sur la manière dont les questions relatives à la lutte contre la drogue sont prises en compte dans les programmes pertinents;", "8. Prie le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues de rendre compte, en coopération avec les organismes compétents, en particulier le Fonds des Nations Unies pour l'enfance, des efforts déployés pour étudier l'impact sur les enfants de l'abus des drogues et de la criminalité liée à la drogue, et de recommander les mesures qui peuvent être prises pour faire face à ce problème;", "9. Recommande que le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues coopère et coordonne ses activités avec le Service de la prévention du crime et de la justice pénale dans la lutte contre la criminalité liée à la drogue, y compris le blanchiment de l'argent, de façon à assurer la complémentarité des efforts et à éviter les doubles emplois;", "10. Demande que le Plan d'action à l'échelle du système soit examiné et mis à jour tous les deux ans;", "V", "Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international", "des drogues", "1. Se félicite des efforts déployés par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues pour exécuter ses mandats dans le cadre des traités internationaux de lutte contre la drogue, du Schéma multidisciplinaire complet pour les activités futures de lutte contre l'abus des drogues, du Programme d'action mondial et des documents consensuels y relatifs;", "2. Insiste auprès de tous les gouvernements pour qu'ils apportent un appui financier et politique aussi large que possible au Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues, en particulier en augmentant leurs contributions volontaires au Programme, afin de lui permettre d'élargir et de renforcer ses activités opérationnelles et de coopération technique;", "3. Se félicite des travaux de la Commission des stupéfiants relatifs à l'examen du budget‑programme du Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues, conformément au mandat énoncé au paragraphe 2, section XVI, de la résolution 46/185 C;", "4. Prend acte du rapport du Secrétaire général sur les arrangements administratifs et financiers du Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues, présenté conformément à la section XVI de la résolution 46/185 C du 20 décembre 1991;", "5. Note avec satisfaction les efforts déployés par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues pour se conformer au mode de présentation et d'établissement approuvé pour le budget‑programme du Fonds, en particulier aux dispositions pertinentes de la Commission des stupéfiants;", "6. Encourage le Directeur exécutif du Programme des Nations Unies pour le contrôle international des drogues à poursuivre ses efforts pour améliorer le mode de présentation du budget du Fonds;", "VI", "1. Prend acte des rapports du Secrétaire général présentés au titre du point 112 intitulé \"Lutte internationale contre la drogue;", "2. Prie le Secrétaire général de lui faire rapport, à sa quarante‑neuvième session, sur l'application de la présente résolution.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.3/48/L.18", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "TERCERA COMISION", "Tema 112 del programa", "FISCALIZACION INTERNACIONAL DE DROGAS", "Bahamas, Bolivia, Cuba, Estados Unidos de América y México:", "proyecto de resolución", "Lucha internacional contra el uso indebido y la producción", "y el tráfico ilícitos de drogas", "La Asamblea General,", "Recordando sus resoluciones 47/98, 47/100, 47/101 Y 47/102, de 16 de diciembre de 1992, y su resolución 48/12, aprobada el 28 de octubre de 1993,", "Profundamente preocupada porque la demanda, la producción y el tráfico ilícitos de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas siguen poniendo en grave peligro los sistemas socioeconómicos y políticos, y la estabilidad, la seguridad nacional y la soberanía de un número de Estados cada vez mayor,", "Plenamente consciente de que la comunidad internacional se enfrenta al dramático problema del uso indebido de drogas y del cultivo, la producción, la demanda, la elaboración, la distribución y el tráfico ilícitos de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas y de que los Estados deben obrar tanto en el plano internacional como en el nacional para hacer frente a ese flagelo, que tiene un enorme potencial para socavar el desarrollo, la estabilidad política y económica y las instituciones democráticas,", "Destacando que el problema del uso indebido y tráfico ilícito de drogas debe abordarse en el contexto económico y social más amplio,", "Destacando también que es necesario analizar las rutas de tránsito utilizadas por los narcotraficantes, que cambian constantemente y se amplían para abarcar un número cada vez mayor de países y regiones en todas partes del mundo,", "Alarmada por el creciente vínculo entre el narcotráfico y el terrorismo en diversas partes del mundo,", "Reconociendo los esfuerzos de los países que producen estupefacientes para usos científicos, medicinales y terapéuticos por impedir que esas sustancias se vuelquen en los mercados ilícitos y por mantener la producción a un nivel adecuado en relación con la demanda ilícita,", "Reafirmando que la Declaración[1] y el Plan Amplio y Multidisciplinario de actividades futuras en materia de fiscalización del uso indebido de drogas[2], aprobados por la Conferencia Internacional sobre el Uso Indebido y el Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas, la Declaración Política y el Programa Mundial de Acción aprobados por la Asamblea General en su decimoséptimo período de extraordinario de sesiones[3] y la Declaración aprobada por la Conferencia Ministerial Mundial en la Cumbre para reducir la demanda de drogas y luchar contra la amenaza de la cocaína[4], junto con los tratados internacionales de fiscalización de drogas constituyen un marco general de cooperación internacional en la fiscalización de drogas,", "Destacando el importante papel que desempeñan las Naciones Unidas y sus organismos especializados al apoyar una acción concertada en la lucha contra el uso indebido de drogas en los planos nacional, regional e internacional,", "Subrayando el papel de la Comisión de Estupefacientes como principal órgano normativo de las Naciones Unidas con respecto a las cuestiones de fiscalización de drogas,", "Reafirmando la importancia de la función del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas como principal órgano de coordinación de la acción internacional concertada para la fiscalización del uso indebido de drogas y encomiando el cumplimiento de las funciones que se le han encomendado,", "Subrayando las propuestas enunciadas en el Plan de Acción para todo el sistema y reconociendo la necesidad de desplegar nuevos esfuerzos para aplicarlo y actualizarlo,", "Invitando a los organismos competentes del sistema de las Naciones Unidas a que hagan un mayor progreso en la incorporación en sus programas y actividades de medidas para hacer frente a los problemas relacionados con las drogas,", "I", "Respeto de los principios establecidos en la Carta de las", "Naciones Unidas y el derecho internacional en la lucha", "contra el uso indebido y el tráfico ilícito de drogas", "1. Reafirma que la lucha contra el uso indebido y el tráfico ilícito de drogas deberá seguir basándose en el estricto respeto de los principios consagrados en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y del derecho internacional, en particular el respeto de la soberanía y la integridad territorial de los Estados y la no utilización de la amenaza o el uso de la fuerza en las relaciones internacionales;", "2. Exhorta a todos los Estados a que intensifiquen sus acciones para promover una cooperación eficaz en la lucha contra el uso indebido y el tráfico ilícito de drogas, con objeto de contribuir a crear un clima favorable para lograr ese fin, y a que se abstengan de utilizar el tema con propósitos políticos;", "3. Reafirma que la lucha internacional contra el narcotráfico no debe justificar en modo alguno la violación de los principios consagrados en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas ni los del derecho internacional;", "II", "Lucha internacional contra el uso indebido y el", "tráfico ilícito de drogas", "1. Reitera su condena del delito del narcotráfico en todas sus formas y exhorta a que se adopten medidas internacionales constantes y eficaces para combatirlo, de conformidad con el principio de la responsabilidad compartida;", "2. Apoya la prioridad dada a las estrategias nacionales y regionales para la fiscalización del uso indebido de drogas y en particular, el enfoque basado en un plan básico, e insta al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas a que tenga presente que esas estrategias deben complementarse con estrategias interregionales eficaces;", "3. Pide al Secretario General que le presente un informe sobre los arreglos hechos por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas en relación con la promoción y vigilancia del Decenio de las Naciones Unidas contra el Uso Indebido de Drogas, 1991-2000, bajo el lema \"Una respuesta mundial a un problema mundial\", y sobre el progreso logrado en la consecución de los objetivos del Decenio por parte de los Estados Miembros, el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas y el sistema de las Naciones Unidas;", "4. Acoge con beneplácito la tendencia a la ratificación y aplicación de la Convención Unica de 1961 sobre Estupefacientes[5] de esa Convención enmendada por el Protocolo de 1972[6], del Convenio sobre Sustancias Sicotrópicas de 1971[7] y de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Sicotrópicas de 1988[8];", "5. Pide al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas que en su informe a la Comisión de Estupefacientes sobre la aplicación de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Sicotrópicas incluya una sección sobre la experiencia adquirida hasta la fecha en la aplicación de la Convención, con recomendaciones y estrategias para su futura aplicación, e invita a los Estados Miembros a cooperar con el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas en esa esfera;", "6. Alienta a todos los países a que adopten medidas para evitar el comercio ilícito de armamentos por medio del cual se proporcionan armas a los narcotraficantes;", "7. Expresa su satisfacción por los esfuerzos desplegados por la Comisión de Estupefacientes para mejorar el funcionamiento y realzar los resultados de las reuniones de los jefes de los organismos nacionales encargados de combatir el tráfico ilícito de drogas;", "8. Pide al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas que en su informe sobre el tráfico ilícito de drogas analice las tendencias mundiales del tráfico y del tránsito ilícitos de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas, con inclusión de los métodos y rutas utilizados, y que recomiende medios para aumentar la capacidad de los Estados a lo largo de esas rutas para ocuparse de todos los aspectos del problema de las drogas;", "9. Subraya la conexión entre la producción, la demanda y el tráfico ilícitos de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas y las condiciones económicas y sociales de los países afectados y las diferencias y la diversidad de los problemas en cada país;", "10. Exhorta a la comunidad internacional a que aporte una mayor cooperación económica y técnica a los gobiernos que lo soliciten para apoyar programas de desarrollo sustitutivos que estén cabalmente en consonancia con las tradiciones culturales de los pueblos;", "11. Toma nota de la iniciativa del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas de estudiar el concepto del intercambio de deuda por actividades de desarrollo sustitutivas en la esfera de la lucha internacional contra el uso indebido de drogas y pide al Director Ejecutivo que informe a la Comisión de Estupefacientes sobre los progresos que se hagan en esa esfera;", "12. Alienta a los gobiernos a que designen a expertos para incluirlos en la lista que debe mantener el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas a fin de que el Programa y la Comisión de Estupefacientes puedan contar con el caudal más amplio posible de especialización y experiencia en la ejecución de sus políticas y programas;", "13. Hace hincapié en la necesidad de adoptar medidas eficaces para evitar que se desvíen con fines ilícitos las sustancias precursoras y productos químicos esenciales, los materiales y el equipo que suelen utilizarse en la producción ilícita de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas;", "14. Encomia a la Junta Internacional de Fiscalización de Estupefacientes por su valiosa labor en la vigilancia de la producción y distribución de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas, con objeto de limitar su uso a fines médicos y científicos, y por la manera eficaz en que ha desempeñado sus responsabilidades adicionales, en virtud de lo dispuesto en el artículo 12 de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Sicotrópicas, en lo que respecta a la fiscalización de las sustancias precursoras y de los productos químicos esenciales;", "15. Expresa su satisfacción por los esfuerzos que realizan el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas y otros órganos de las Naciones Unidas para obtener datos confiables sobre el uso indebido y el tráfico ilícito de drogas, incluido el establecimiento del Sistema internacional de evaluación del uso indebido de drogas;", "16. Recomienda a la Comisión de Estupefacientes que examine en su 37º período de sesiones el estudio de investigación mundial sobre las consecuencias económicas y sociales del uso indebido y el tráfico ilícito de drogas preparado por el Instituto de Investigaciones de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Social, junto con el informe del Director Ejecutivo del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas sobre las consecuencias económicas y sociales del uso indebido y el tráfico ilícito de drogas, y que considere la conveniencia de incluir esa cuestión como tema de su programa;", "III", "Programa Mundial de Acción", "1. Reafirma la importancia del Programa Mundial de Acción como marco de la lucha nacional, regional e internacional contra la producción, la demanda y el tráfico ilícitos de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas y su decisión de dar efecto a los mandatos y recomendaciones en él contenidos;", "2. Insta a los Estados a que individualmente y en cooperación con otros Estados promuevan el Programa Mundial de Acción y apliquen sus mandatos y recomendaciones, con la mira de que se manifiesten en medidas prácticas de lucha contra el uso indebido de drogas;", "3. Insta también a los órganos pertinentes de las Naciones Unidas, a los organismos especializados, a las instituciones financieras internacionales y a otras organizaciones intergubernamentales y no gubernamentales competentes a que aporten su cooperación y asistencia a los Estados en la promoción y aplicación del Programa Mundial de Acción;", "4. Pide a la Comisión de Estupefacientes que, en el cumplimiento de su mandato, de vigilar el Programa Mundial de Acción, tenga en cuenta las recomendaciones que figuran en el Informe del Secretario General sobre la aplicación por los Estados Miembros del Programa Mundial de Acción[9];", "5. Pide también a la Comisión de Estupefacientes y al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas que examinen los medios y arbitrios encaminados a facilitar la presentación de informes por los gobiernos sobre la aplicación del Programa Mundial de Acción, de modo de aumentar el número de respuestas;", "IV", "Aplicación del Plan de Acción para todo el sistema de las", "Naciones Unidas sobre fiscalización del uso indebido de", "drogas: actividades de los organismos del sistema de", "las Naciones Unidas", "1. Reafirma la función del Director Ejecutivo del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas de coordinar y dirigir eficazmente todas las actividades de fiscalización de drogas de las Naciones Unidas con objeto de asegurar la coherencia de las actividades dentro del Programa, así como la coordinación, la complementariedad y la no duplicación de esas actividades en todo el sistema de las Naciones Unidas;", "2. Insta a que se concluya la actualización del Plan de Acción para todo el sistema sobre fiscalización del uso indebido de drogas, como se pidió en la resolución 47/100, en cabal cooperación con el Comité Administrativo de Coordinación, en fecha oportuna para su examen y recomendación por parte de la Comisión de Estupefacientes en su 37º período de sesiones y para su examen por el Consejo Económico y Social en su período ordinario de sesiones de 1994 y por la Asamblea General en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones;", "3. Reitera que los siguientes aspectos deben incluirse en el Plan de Acción actualizado:", "a) La adición de un anexo que contenga planes de aplicación para los distintos organismos;", "b) La inclusión de una referencia a la importante función de las instituciones financieras internacionales, señalada en el capítulo II del Plan Amplio y Multidisciplinario de actividades futuras en materia de fiscalización del uso indebido de drogas, y a la capacidad de esas instituciones para promover la estabilidad económica y socavar la industria de la droga;", "4. Insta a todos los organismos pertinentes de las Naciones Unidas a que ultimen la preparación de sus propios planes de aplicación a fin de incorporar plenamente en sus programas todos los mandatos y actividades contenidos en el Plan de Acción para todo el sistema y su anexo;", "5. Pide a la Comisión de Estupefacientes que preste especial atención al examen de los planes de los distintos organismos para la aplicación del Plan de Acción para todo el sistema a fin de que se los pueda examinar en las sesiones de coordinación del Consejo Económico y Social que se celebrarán en 1994;", "6. Pide al Consejo Económico y Social que, en sus sesiones de coordinación, preste la debida atención a la función de las instituciones financieras internacionales en su apoyo a los esfuerzos internacionales de fiscalización de drogas, especialmente en la esfera de los programas de desarrollo sustitutivos;", "7. Exhorta a los órganos rectores de todos los organismos del sistema de las Naciones Unidas que participan en el Plan de Acción para todo el sistema a que incluyan el tema de la fiscalización de drogas en sus programas con la mira de examinar la necesidad de un mandato sobre la fiscalización de drogas, evaluar las actividades emprendidas para dar cumplimiento al Plan de Acción y, según proceda, informar de la forma en que los temas de fiscalización de drogas se han incorporado en los programas pertinentes;", "8. Pide al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas que, en cooperación con los organismos competentes, en particular el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia, informe de las actividades realizadas para estudiar los efectos sobre la infancia del uso indebido de drogas y de los delitos conexos y recomiende las medidas que se puedan adoptar para combatir el problema;", "9. Recomienda que el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas coopere con la Subdivisión de Prevención del Delito y Justicia Penal y coordine con ésta su acción en la esfera de la lucha contra la delincuencia vinculada con los estupefacientes, incluido el blanqueo de dinero, a fin de velar por que sus actividades sean complementarias y que no se dupliquen los esfuerzos;", "10. Pide que el Plan de Acción para todo el sistema se examine y actualice cada dos años;", "V", "Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización", "Internacional de Drogas", "1. Acoge con beneplácito los esfuerzos del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas de cumplir sus mandatos en el marco de los tratados internacionales de fiscalización de drogas, el Plan Amplio y Multidisciplinario de actividades futuras en materia de fiscalización del uso indebido de drogas, el Programa Mundial de Acción y los documentos de consenso pertinentes;", "2. Insta encarecidamente a todos los gobiernos a que presten el apoyo financiero y político más amplio posible al Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas, en particular aumentando las contribuciones extrapresupuestarias a ese Programa, con miras a expandir y reforzar sus actividades operacionales y de cooperación técnica;", "3. Acoge con beneplácito la labor de la Comisión de Estupefacientes en el examen del presupuesto por programas del Fondo del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas, de conformidad con el mandato contenido en el párrafo 2 de la sección XVI de la resolución 46/185 C, de 20 de diciembre de 1991;", "4. Toma nota del informe del Secretario General respecto de los arreglos administrativos y financieros del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas de conformidad con lo dispuesto en la sección XVI de la resolución 46/185 C;", "5. Toma nota con reconocimiento de los esfuerzos realizados por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas por conformarse al formato y metodología aprobados del presupuesto por programas del Fondo del Programa Internacional de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas, en particular a las resoluciones pertinentes de la Comisión de Estupefacientes;", "6. Alienta al Director Ejecutivo del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para la Fiscalización Internacional de Drogas a que persevere en sus esfuerzos por mejorar la presentación del presupuesto del Fondo;", "VI", "1. Toma nota de los informes del Secretario General presentados en relación con el tema 112 titulado \"Fiscalización internacional de drogas\";", "2. Pide al Secretario General que informe a la Asamblea General en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones sobre las medidas adoptadas para aplicar la presente resolución.", "-----", "[1] Véase Informe de la Conferencia Internacional sobre el Uso Indebido y el Tráfico Ilícito de Drogas, Viena, 17 a 26 de junio de 1987 (publicación de las Naciones Unidas, número de venta: S.87.I.18), cap. I, secc. B.", "[2] Ibíd, secc. A.", "[3] Resolución S-17/2, anexo.", "[4] A/45/262, anexo.", "[5] Naciones Unidas, Treaty Series, vol. 520, No. 7515.", "[6] Ibíd., vol. 976, No. 14152.", "[7] Ibíd., vol. 1019, No. 14956.", "[8] E/CONF.82/15 y Corr.2.", "[9] A/48/286." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.18", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 112", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "Bahamas, Bolivia, Cuba, United States of America and", "Mexico: draft resolution", "International fight against abuse, production and", "Illicit Drug Traffic", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 47/98, 47/100, 47/101, 47/102 of 16 December 1992 and 48/[L.12], adopted at the high-level plenary sessions on 28 October 1993,", "Noting with deep concern that the illicit demand for, production of and trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances continue to pose a serious threat to the socio-economic and political systems, as well as to the stability, national security and sovereignty of an increasing number of States,", "Fully aware that the international community is facing the worrying problem of drug abuse and cultivation, production, demand, treatment, distribution and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and that it is essential that States address this scourge at the international and national levels, which is likely to seriously affect development, economic and political stability and democratic institutions,", "Stressing that the problem of drug abuse and illicit trafficking must be addressed from a broader economic and social perspective,", "Stressing also the need to analyse transit routes used by drug traffickers, which are constantly changing and are increasingly crossing countries and regions throughout the world,", "Alarmed at the increasing links between drug trafficking and terrorism in various parts of the world,", "Appreciating the efforts of countries that produce narcotic drugs for scientific, medical and therapeutic purposes to prevent diversion of such substances to illicit markets and to maintain production at the level of legitimate demand;", "Reaffirming that the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Declaration and Framework for Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, adopted by the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Traffic, the Political Declaration and the World Programme of Action, adopted by the General Assembly at its seventeenth special session, and the Declaration adopted by the World Ministerial Summit on Drug Demand Reduction and Control, together with the international drug control treaties, provide a comprehensive framework for international cooperation in drug control,", "Emphasizing the important role of the United Nations and the specialized agencies in supporting concerted action to combat drug abuse at the national, regional and international levels;", "Emphasizing the role of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs as the principal governing body of the United Nations on drug control issues,", "Reaffirming the important role of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme as the principal agent for concerted action against drug abuse, and commending the Office for the performance of its functions,", "Emphasizing the proposals contained in the System-wide Action Plan and recognizing that further efforts are required to implement and update the Action Plan,", "Calling upon the relevant organizations of the United Nations system to strengthen the integration of drug-related responses into their programmes and activities,", "I", "Respect for the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations", "and international law in combating abuse and trafficking", "Drug Control", "1.Reaffirms that the fight against drug abuse and trafficking should continue to be conducted in strict conformity with the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law, in particular respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States and the non-use of force or threat of force in international relations;", "2.Urges all States to intensify their efforts to promote effective cooperation in the fight against drug abuse and trafficking, so as to contribute to the creation of an enabling environment for the achievement of the objective and to refrain from using the issue for political purposes;", "3.Reaffirms that the international fight against drug trafficking in no way justifies the violation of the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law;", "II", "International efforts to combat abuse and illicit trafficking", "Drug Control", "1.Reiterates its condemnation of drug trafficking in all its forms and calls for continued and effective international action to combat this crime, in accordance with the principle of shared responsibility;", "2.Supports the approach of focusing on national and regional drug abuse control strategies, in particular the master plan approach, and urges the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to take into account the need for effective interregional strategies to complement such strategies;", "3.Requests the Secretary-General to report on the arrangements made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to promote and follow up the United Nations Decade against Drugs (1991-2000), under the theme \"A global response to a global challenge\", and on the progress made by member States, the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the United Nations system in achieving the objectives of the Decade;", "4.Welcomes the progress made in the ratification and implementation of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, the Single Convention as amended by the 1972 Protocol, the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988;", "5.Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to include in its report to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, a chapter on the experience gained to date in the implementation of the Convention, including recommendations and strategies for its further implementation, and invites member States to cooperate with the United Nations International Drug Control Programme in this regard;", "6.Encourages all countries to take measures to prevent the illegal arms trade through which drug traffickers can obtain arms;", "7.Welcomes the efforts of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to improve the functioning and impact of the meetings of heads of national drug law enforcement agencies;", "8.Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to analyse, in its report on illicit drug trafficking, global trends in transit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, including methods and routes used, and to recommend ways to enhance the capacity of States on such routes to address all aspects of the drug problem;", "9.Stresses the link between production, demand and illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and the economic and social situation of the affected countries, as well as the differences and diversity of problems in the countries concerned;", "10.Urges the international community to strengthen the economic and technical support provided to Governments, upon request, in order to support other development programmes that fully take into account the cultural traditions of peoples;", "11.Takes note of the decision of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to study the concept of debt conversion into other development activities in the field of international drug control, and requests the Executive Director to inform the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of progress in this area;", "12.Encourages Governments to nominate candidates for the roster of experts managed by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, so that the Programme and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs can draw on the expertise and experience of as many experts as possible in the implementation of its policies and programmes;", "13.Stresses the need for effective action to prevent the diversion of precursors and other essential chemicals, products and equipment frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for illicit purposes;", "14.Commends the International Narcotics Control Board for its useful work in controlling the production and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances with a view to limiting their use for medical and scientific purposes, as well as for the effective fulfilment of its additional responsibilities under article 12 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances with regard to the control of precursors and basic chemicals;", "15.Welcomes the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and other United Nations bodies to obtain reliable data on drug abuse and illicit trafficking, including the development of the International Drug Abuse Assessment System;", "16.Recommends that the Commission on Narcotic Drugs consider the global study on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking carried out by the United Nations Social Defence Research Institute, together with the report of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking, at its thirty-seventh session, and consider including this item in its agenda;", "III", "Global Programme of Action", "1.Reaffirms the importance of the Global Programme of Action as a framework for national, regional and international efforts to combat the illicit production, demand and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and its determination to implement the mandates and recommendations contained therein;", "2.Invites States, individually and in cooperation with other States, to promote the Global Programme of Action and to implement its mandates and recommendations, with a view to translating it into concrete measures to combat drug abuse;", "3.Also invites the relevant United Nations bodies, specialized agencies, international financial institutions and other relevant intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to cooperate with States and to support their efforts to promote and implement the Global Programme of Action;", "4.Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to take into account, in the implementation of its mandate to follow up on the Global Programme of Action, the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation by Member States of the Global Programme of Action (A/48/286);", "5.Also requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to consider ways and means of facilitating the reporting by Governments on the implementation of the Global Programme of Action, with a view to increasing their level of participation;", "IV", "System-wide implementation of the Programme of Action", "United Nations Drug Abuse Control Programme: action by the United Nations", "United Nations system organizations", "1.Reaffirms the role of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme in effectively coordinating and guiding all drug control activities of the United Nations, so as to ensure coherence of the work of the Programme and the coordination and complementarity of those activities throughout the United Nations system, avoiding duplication of effort;", "2.Requests that the United Nations System-wide Action Plan on Drug Abuse Control be updated, as requested in resolution 47/100, in full cooperation with the Administrative Committee on Coordination and in time for submission to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its thirty-seventh session for its consideration and recommendation, and for consideration by the Economic and Social Council at its regular session of 1994, and by the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "3.Reiterates that the updated Action Plan should include:", "(a)An annex to the System-wide Action Plan containing specific implementation plans developed by the agencies;", "(b)A reference to the important role of international financial institutions, as noted in chapter II of the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Plan for Future Drug Abuse Control Activities, and to the capacity of these institutions to promote economic stability and to undermine the drug industry;", "4.Invites all relevant United Nations organizations to complete the preparation of their specific implementation plans so that they can be included in the updated System-wide Action Plan and to incorporate fully into their programmes all mandates and activities contained in the System-wide Action Plan and its annex;", "5.Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to pay particular attention to the specific plans developed by the organizations for the implementation of the System-wide Plan of Action for consideration by the Economic and Social Council in 1994 during the coordination segment;", "6.Also requests the Economic and Social Council to give due attention, in the coordination segment, to the role of the international financial institutions in supporting international efforts to combat drugs, in particular in the context of the pursuit of other forms of development;", "7.Invites the governing bodies of all United Nations organizations associated with the System-wide Action Plan to include the issue of drug control in their agendas with a view to: considering the need for a mandate to combat drugs;assess the activities undertaken to implement the Action Plan;and, where appropriate, to report on how drug control issues are taken into account in relevant programmes;", "8.Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in cooperation with relevant agencies, in particular the United Nations Children's Fund, to report on efforts to study the impact of drug and drug-related crime on children and to recommend measures to address this problem;", "9.Recommends that the United Nations International Drug Control Programme cooperate and coordinate its activities with the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch in combating drug-related crime, including money-laundering, in order to ensure complementarity of efforts and avoid duplication;", "10.Requests that the System-wide Action Plan be reviewed and updated every two years;", "V", "United Nations International Monitoring Programme", "Drug Control", "1.Welcomes the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to implement its mandates under the international drug control treaties, the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Framework for Future Drug Abuse Control Activities, the Global Programme of Action and the consensus documents thereon;", "2.Urges all Governments to provide the fullest possible financial and political support to the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular through increased voluntary contributions to the Programme, in order to enable it to expand and strengthen its operational and technical cooperation activities;", "3.Welcomes the work of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs in reviewing the programme budget of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in accordance with the mandate contained in paragraph 2, section XVI, of resolution 46/185 C;", "4.Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the administrative and financial arrangements of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, submitted in accordance with section XVI of resolution 46/185 C of 20 December 1991;", "5.Notes with appreciation the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to comply with the format of submission and preparation approved for the programme budget of the Fund, in particular the relevant provisions of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs;", "6.Encourages the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to continue his efforts to improve the format of the budget of the Fund;", "VI", "1.Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General submitted under item 112, entitled \"International drug control;", "2.Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session on the implementation of the present resolution.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.3 / 48 / L.18", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 112", "INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL", "Bahamas, Bolivia, Cuba, Mexico and United States of America:", "draft resolution", "International fight against abuse and production", "and illicit drug trafficking", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 47 / 98, 47 / 100, 47 / 101 and 47 / 102 of 16 December 1992 and its resolution 48 / 12, adopted on 28 October 1993,", "Deeply concerned that the illicit demand for, production of and trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances continue to seriously endanger socio-economic and political systems, and the stability, national security and sovereignty of an increasing number of States,", "Fully aware that the international community is facing the dramatic problem of drug abuse and the cultivation, production, demand, processing, distribution and illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and that States must act both internationally and nationally to address that scourge, which has a huge potential to undermine development, political and economic stability and democratic institutions,", "Stressing that the problem of drug abuse and illicit trafficking must be addressed in the broader economic and social context,", "Stressing also the need to analyse the transit routes used by drug traffickers, which are constantly changing and expanding to cover an increasing number of countries and regions in all parts of the world,", "Alarmed by the growing link between drug trafficking and terrorism in various parts of the world,", "Recognizing the efforts of countries that produce narcotic drugs for scientific, medicinal and therapeutic uses to prevent such substances from being turned over to illicit markets and to keep production at an adequate level in relation to illicit demand,", "Reaffirming that the Declaration [1] and the Comprehensive and Multidisciplinary Plan of Future Activities in the Field of Drug Abuse Control [2], adopted by the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Traffic, the Political Declaration and the World Programme of Action adopted by the General Assembly at its seventeenth special session [3] and the Declaration adopted by the World Ministerial Summit to Reduce Drug Demand and Combat the Threat of Cocaine [4], together with the international drug control treaties, constitute an overall framework for international cooperation in drug control,", "Stressing the important role of the United Nations and its specialized agencies in supporting concerted action to combat drug abuse at the national, regional and international levels,", "Underlining the role of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs as the principal policy-making body of the United Nations in drug control issues,", "Reaffirming the importance of the role of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme as the main coordinating body for concerted international action on drug abuse control, and commending the implementation of the functions entrusted to it,", "Underlining the proposals contained in the System-wide Action Plan, and recognizing the need for further efforts to implement and update it,", "Inviting the relevant agencies of the United Nations system to make further progress in the incorporation of drug-related measures and activities into their programmes and activities,", "I", "Respect for the principles set out in the Charter of the", "and international law in the fight against terrorism", "against drug abuse and illicit trafficking", "1.Reaffirms that the fight against drug abuse and illicit trafficking should continue to be based on strict respect for the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and international law, in particular respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States and the non-use of the threat or use of force in international relations;", "2.Calls upon all States to intensify their efforts to promote effective cooperation in the fight against drug abuse and illicit trafficking, with a view to contributing to the creation of a favourable climate for that purpose, and to refrain from using the topic for political purposes;", "3.Reaffirms that the international fight against drug trafficking should in no way justify a violation of the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations or those of international law;", "II", "International efforts to combat abuse and abuse", "illicit drug trafficking", "1.Reiterates its condemnation of the crime of drug trafficking in all its forms, and calls for the adoption of continued and effective international measures to combat it, in accordance with the principle of shared responsibility;", "2.Supports the priority given to national and regional strategies for drug abuse control, and in particular, the core plan approach, and urges the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to bear in mind that such strategies should be complemented by effective interregional strategies;", "3.Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly a report on the arrangements made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme in connection with the promotion and monitoring of the United Nations Decade against Drug Abuse, 1991- 2000, under the theme \"A global response to a global problem,\" and on the progress made in the achievement of the goals of the Decade by Member States, the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and the United Nations system;", "4.Welcomes the trend towards ratification and implementation of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 [5], the Convention as amended by the 1972 Protocol [6], the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 [7] and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 [8];", "5.Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to include in its report to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances a section on the experience gained so far in the implementation of the Convention, with recommendations and strategies for its future implementation, and invites Member States to cooperate with the United Nations International Drug Control Programme in this area;", "6.Encourages all countries to take measures to prevent the illicit arms trade through which arms are provided to drug traffickers;", "7.Expresses its satisfaction at the efforts of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to improve the functioning and the outcomes of the meetings of the heads of national drug law enforcement agencies;", "8.Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to analyse in its report on illicit drug trafficking global trends in illicit trafficking in and transit of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, including the methods and routes used, and to recommend ways and means to enhance the capacity of States along those routes to address all aspects of the drug problem;", "9.Stresses the connection between the illicit production of, demand for and trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and the economic and social conditions of the affected countries and the differences and diversity of problems in each country;", "10.Calls upon the international community to provide greater economic and technical cooperation to Governments, at their request, in support of alternative development programmes that are fully in line with the cultural traditions of peoples;", "11.Takes note of the initiative of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to study the concept of debt-for-development exchange in the field of international efforts to combat drug abuse, and requests the Executive Director to report to the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on progress in this area;", "12.Encourages Governments to designate experts to be included in the list to be maintained by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme so that the Programme and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs can have the widest possible flow of expertise and experience in the implementation of their policies and programmes;", "13.Emphasizes the need for effective measures to prevent the diversion for illicit purposes of precursors and essential chemicals, materials and equipment that are often used in the illicit production of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;", "14.Commends the International Narcotics Control Board for its valuable work in monitoring the production and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, with a view to limiting their use for medical and scientific purposes, and for the effective manner in which it has fulfilled its additional responsibilities, under article 12 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, with regard to the control of precursor substances and essential chemicals;", "15.Expresses its satisfaction at the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme and other United Nations bodies to obtain reliable data on drug abuse and illicit trafficking, including the establishment of the International Drug Abuse Assessment System;", "16.Recommends that the Commission on Narcotic Drugs consider at its thirty-seventh session the global research study on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking prepared by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, together with the report of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme on the economic and social consequences of drug abuse and illicit trafficking, and consider including this issue as an item on its agenda;", "III", "Global Programme of Action", "1.Reaffirms the importance of the Global Programme of Action as a framework for the national, regional and international fight against the illicit production, demand and trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and its decision to give effect to the mandates and recommendations contained therein;", "2.Urges States individually and in cooperation with other States to promote the Global Programme of Action and to implement its mandates and recommendations, with a view to their being reflected in practical measures to combat drug abuse;", "3.Also urges relevant United Nations bodies, specialized agencies, international financial institutions and other relevant intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to contribute their cooperation and assistance to States in the promotion and implementation of the Global Programme of Action;", "4.Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, in the implementation of its mandate, to monitor the Global Programme of Action, to take into account the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation by Member States of the World Programme of Action [9];", "5.Also requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs and the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to consider ways and means of facilitating the reporting by Governments on the implementation of the Global Programme of Action, in order to increase the number of responses;", "IV", "Implementation of the United Nations System-wide Action Plan", "on the Control of the Abuse of", "activities of the agencies of the", "United Nations", "1.Reaffirms the role of the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme in effectively coordinating and directing all United Nations drug control activities in order to ensure the coherence of activities within the Programme, as well as the coordination, complementarity and non-duplication of such activities throughout the United Nations system;", "2.Urges the completion of the system-wide action plan on drug abuse control, as called for in resolution 47 / 100, in full cooperation with the Administrative Committee on Coordination, in a timely manner for its consideration and recommendation by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its thirty-seventh session and for its consideration by the Economic and Social Council at its regular session 1994 and by the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "3.Reiterates that the following aspects should be included in the updated Plan of Action:", "(a)The addition of an annex containing implementation plans for the various agencies;", "(b)The inclusion of a reference to the important role of international financial institutions, as outlined in chapter II of the Comprehensive and Multidisciplinary Plan of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, and to the capacity of such institutions to promote economic stability and undermine the drug industry;", "4.Urges all relevant United Nations agencies to complete the preparation of their own implementation plans in order to fully incorporate into their programmes all the mandates and activities contained in the System-wide Action Plan and its annex;", "5.Requests the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to pay particular attention to the review of the plans of the various agencies for the implementation of the System-wide Action Plan for consideration at the coordination sessions of the Economic and Social Council in 1994;", "6.Requests the Economic and Social Council, at its coordination meetings, to give due attention to the role of international financial institutions in supporting international drug control efforts, especially in the area of alternative development programmes;", "7.Calls upon the governing bodies of all United Nations system agencies involved in the System-wide Action Plan to include the topic of drug control in their programmes with a view to reviewing the need for a mandate on drug control, assessing the activities undertaken to implement the Plan of Action and, as appropriate, reporting on how drug control issues have been incorporated into relevant programmes;", "8.Requests the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in cooperation with relevant agencies, in particular the United Nations Children's Fund, to report on activities undertaken to study the impact of drug abuse and related crime on children and to recommend any measures that may be taken to combat the problem;", "9.Recommends that the United Nations International Drug Control Programme cooperate with and coordinate with the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch in the area of combating drug-related crime, including money-laundering, to ensure that its activities are complementary and that efforts are not duplicated;", "10.Calls for the review and updating of the System-wide Action Plan every two years;", "V", "United Nations Monitoring Programme", "International Drug Law", "1.Welcomes the efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to implement its mandates under the international drug control treaties, the Comprehensive and Multidisciplinary Plan of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control, the Global Programme of Action and relevant consensus documents;", "2.Strongly urges all Governments to provide the widest possible financial and political support to the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular by increasing extrabudgetary contributions to the Programme, with a view to expanding and strengthening its operational and technical cooperation activities;", "3.Welcomes the work of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs in the review of the programme budget of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in accordance with the mandate contained in section XVI, paragraph 2, of resolution 46 / 185 C of 20 December 1991;", "4.Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the administrative and financial arrangements of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme in accordance with section XVI of resolution 46 / 185 C;", "5.Takes note with appreciation of the efforts made by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to conform to the approved format and methodology of the programme budget of the Fund of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, in particular the relevant resolutions of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs;", "6.Encourages the Executive Director of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to continue his efforts to improve the presentation of the budget of the Fund;", "VI", "1.Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General submitted under item 112 entitled \"International drug control\";", "2.Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session on the measures taken to implement the present resolution.", "-----", "[1]See Report of the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Traffic, Vienna, 17-26 June 1987 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.87.I.18), chap.I, sect.B.", "[2] Ibid., sect.A.", "[3] Resolution S-17 / 2, annex.", "[4] A / 45 / 262, annex.", "[5] United Nations, Treaty Series, vol.520, No.7515.", "[6]Ibid., vol.976, No.14152.", "[7]Ibid., vol.1019, No.14956.", "[8]E / CONF.82 / 15 and Corr.2.", "[9]A / 48 / 286." ]	"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"
"dBVWuOmXjYqeIpv8AU2hMDX0j2XbqQjLQRZjUHd0Tgc="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26688", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Reaffirming its resolutions 849 (1993) of 9 July 1993, 854 (1993) of 6 August 1993, 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993 and 876 (1993) of 19 October 1993,", "Recalling in particular resolution 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993, in which the Council decided to establish a United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG),", "Having considered the Secretary-General's report of 27 October 1993 (S/26646) concerning the situation in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia,", "Noting with concern that the original mandate of UNOMIG has been overtaken by the military developments of 16 to 27 September 1993,", "Expressing its serious concern that continuation of the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, threatens peace and stability in the region,", "1. Welcomes the Secretary-General's report of 27 October 1993;", "2. Welcomes also the continued efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Envoy, in cooperation with the Chairman‑in‑Office of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and with the assistance of the Government of the Russian Federation as facilitator, to carry forward the peace process with the aim of achieving an overall political settlement, and in particular to bring both parties together in late November 1993 in Geneva;", "3. Reiterates the demand in its resolution 876 (1993) that all the parties to the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, refrain from the use of force and from any violation of international humanitarian law, and looks forward to the report of the fact-finding mission sent by the Secretary-General to the Republic of Georgia in this regard;", "4. Approves the continued presence of UNOMIG in Georgia until 31 January 1994 comprising up to five military observers plus minimal support staff, with the following interim mandate:", "(a) to maintain contacts with both sides to the conflict and military contingents of the Russian Federation;", "93-60922 (E) 041193 /...", "(b) to monitor the situation and report to headquarters, with particular reference to any developments relevant to the efforts of the United Nations to promote a comprehensive political settlement;", "5. Decides that UNOMIG will not be extended beyond 31 January 1994 unless the Secretary-General reports to the Council that substantive progress has been made towards implementing measures aimed at establishing a lasting peace or that the peace process will be served by the prolongation of its mandate, and requests the Secretary-General to report as appropriate, but in any event by late January 1994, on the activities of UNOMIG;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to take planning steps which would enable, upon a further decision by the Council, prompt deployment of additional personnel within the originally authorized strength of UNOMIG if the Secretary‑General reports that the situation on the ground and in the peace process warrants it;", "7. Decides to remain seized of the matter.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire. Distr.", "GENERALE", "S/26688", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. Projet de résolution", "Le Conseil de sécurité,", "Réaffirmant ses résolutions 849 (1993) du 9 juillet 1993, 854 (1993) du 6 août 1993, 858 (1993) du 24 août 1993 et 876 (1993) du 19 octobre 1993,", "Rappelant en particulier sa résolution 858 (1993) du 24 août 1993, dans laquelle il a décidé de créer une Mission d'observation des Nations Unies en Géorgie (MONUG),", "Ayant examiné le rapport du Secrétaire général en date du 27 octobre 1993 (S/26646) concernant la situation en Abkhazie (République de Géorgie),", "Notant avec préoccupation que le mandat original de la MONUG est devenu caduc du fait de l'évolution de la situation militaire entre le 16 et le 27 septembre 1993,", "Constatant avec une vive inquiétude que la poursuite du conflit en Abkhazie (République de Géorgie) menace la paix et la stabilité dans la région,", "1. Se félicite du rapport du Secrétaire général en date du 27 octobre 1993;", "2. Se félicite également des efforts constants que le Secrétaire général et son Envoyé spécial déploient, en coopération avec le Président en exercice de la Conférence sur la sécurité et la coopération en Europe (CSCE) et avec l'assistance du Gouvernement de la Fédération de Russie comme facilitateur, pour faire avancer le processus de paix de manière à parvenir à un règlement politique d'ensemble et, en particulier, pour faire se rencontrer les deux parties à Genève à la fin de novembre 1993;", "3. Exige, comme il l'a déjà fait dans sa résolution 876 (1993), que toutes les parties au conflit en Abkhazie (République de Géorgie) s'abstiennent de recourir à la force et d'enfreindre en quelque manière que ce soit le droit international humanitaire, et attend avec intérêt le rapport de la mission que le Secrétaire général a envoyée en République de Géorgie pour établir les faits à cet égard;", "4. Approuve le maintien d'une présence de la MONUG en Géorgie jusqu'au 31 janvier 1994, d'un effectif maximum de cinq observateurs militaires et un personnel d'appui minimal, avec le mandat intérimaire suivant :", "a) Maintenir les contacts avec les deux parties au conflit et les contingents militaires de la Fédération de Russie;", "b) Suivre la situation et faire rapport au Siège, en particulier rendre compte de tout fait nouveau qui aurait un lien avec les efforts que déploie l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour promouvoir un règlement politique d'ensemble;", "5. Décide que le mandat de la MONUG ne sera pas prorogé au‑delà du 31 janvier 1994, à moins que le Secrétaire général ne fasse savoir au Conseil que d'importants progrès ont été réalisés en ce qui concerne l'application des mesures visant à instaurer une paix durable ou qu'une prorogation du mandat de la MONUG servirait le processus de paix, et prie le Secrétaire général de lui rendre compte selon que de besoin, mais en tout état de cause d'ici à la fin de janvier 1994, des activités de la MONUG;", "6. Prie le Secrétaire général de prendre des mesures préparatoires qui lui permettent, dès que le Conseil se prononcera de nouveau sur la question, de déployer rapidement du personnel supplémentaire dans la limite de l'effectif initialement autorisé pour la MONUG, au cas où le Secrétaire général l'informerait que la situation sur le terrain et l'état d'avancement du processus de paix le justifient;", "7. Décide de rester saisi de la question.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26688", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Reaffirming its resolutions 849 (1993) of 9 July 1993, 854 (1993) of 6 August 1993, 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993 and 876 (1993) of 19 October 1993,", "Recalling in particular resolution 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993, in which the Council decided to establish a United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG),", "Having considered the Secretary-General's report of 27 October 1993 (S/26646) concerning the situation in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia,", "Noting with concern that the original mandate of UNOMIG has been overtaken by the military developments of 16 to 27 September 1993,", "Expressing its serious concern that continuation of the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, threatens peace and stability in the region,", "1. Welcomes the Secretary-General's report of 27 October 1993;", "2. Welcomes also the continued efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Envoy, in cooperation with the Chairman‑in‑Office of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and with the assistance of the Government of the Russian Federation as facilitator, to carry forward the peace process with the aim of achieving an overall political settlement, and in particular to bring both parties together in late November 1993 in Geneva;", "3. Reiterates the demand in its resolution 876 (1993) that all the parties to the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, refrain from the use of force and from any violation of international humanitarian law, and looks forward to the report of the fact-finding mission sent by the Secretary-General to the Republic of Georgia in this regard;", "4. Approves the continued presence of UNOMIG in Georgia until 31 January 1994 comprising up to five military observers plus minimal support staff, with the following interim mandate:", "(a) to maintain contacts with both sides to the conflict and military contingents of the Russian Federation;", "93-60922 (E) 041193 /...", "(b) to monitor the situation and report to headquarters, with particular reference to any developments relevant to the efforts of the United Nations to promote a comprehensive political settlement;", "5. Decides that UNOMIG will not be extended beyond 31 January 1994 unless the Secretary-General reports to the Council that substantive progress has been made towards implementing measures aimed at establishing a lasting peace or that the peace process will be served by the prolongation of its mandate, and requests the Secretary-General to report as appropriate, but in any event by late January 1994, on the activities of UNOMIG;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to take planning steps which would enable, upon a further decision by the Council, prompt deployment of additional personnel within the originally authorized strength of UNOMIG if the Secretary‑General reports that the situation on the ground and in the peace process warrants it;", "7. Decides to remain seized of the matter.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary.Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26688", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Reaffirming its resolutions 849 (1993) of 9 July 1993, 854 (1993) of 6 August 1993, 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993 and 876 (1993) of 19 October 1993,", "Recalling in particular its resolution 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993, in which it decided to establish a United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG),", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 27 October 1993 (S/26646) concerning the situation in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia,", "Noting with concern that the original mandate of UNOMIG has been terminated as a result of military developments between 16 and 27 September 1993,", "Expressing deep concern that the continuation of the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, threatens peace and stability in the region,", "1.Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 27 October 1993;", "2.Also welcomes the continued efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Envoy, in cooperation with the current President of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and with the assistance of the Government of the Russian Federation as facilitator, to advance the peace process in order to achieve a comprehensive political settlement and, in particular, to meet the two parties in Geneva at the end of November 1993;", "3.Demands, as it has already done in its resolution 876 (1993), that all parties to the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, refrain from the use of force and in any way violate international humanitarian law, and looks forward to the report of the Secretary-General's mission to the Republic of Georgia to establish the facts in this regard;", "4.Approves the continuation of a UNOMIG presence in Georgia until 31 January 1994, with a maximum of five military observers and a minimum support staff, with the following interim mandate:", "(a)Maintain contact with both parties to the conflict and military contingents of the Russian Federation;", "(b)Monitor and report to Headquarters, in particular to report on any developments that would be relevant to the efforts of the United Nations to promote a comprehensive political settlement;", "5.Decides that the mandate of UNOMIG shall not be extended beyond 31 January 1994, unless the Secretary-General informs the Council that significant progress has been made in implementing measures to achieve a lasting peace or that an extension of the mandate of UNOMIG would serve the peace process, and requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council as appropriate, but in any event by the end of January 1994 on the activities of UNOMIG;", "6.Requests the Secretary-General to take preparatory measures to enable him, as soon as the Council decides on this matter again, to deploy additional personnel promptly within the original authorized strength of UNOMIG, should the Secretary-General inform him that the situation on the ground and the status of the peace process warrant such action;", "7.Decides to remain seized of the matter.", "-----" ]	"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"
"vM22eOz5FhfgMDeLXzO7tfrXkGM+Fd/ozeNh9JPdFHc="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26688", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Reaffirming its resolutions 849 (1993) of 9 July 1993, 854 (1993) of 6 August 1993, 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993 and 876 (1993) of 19 October 1993,", "Recalling in particular resolution 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993, in which the Council decided to establish a United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG),", "Having considered the Secretary-General's report of 27 October 1993 (S/26646) concerning the situation in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia,", "Noting with concern that the original mandate of UNOMIG has been overtaken by the military developments of 16 to 27 September 1993,", "Expressing its serious concern that continuation of the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, threatens peace and stability in the region,", "1. Welcomes the Secretary-General's report of 27 October 1993;", "2. Welcomes also the continued efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Envoy, in cooperation with the Chairman‑in‑Office of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and with the assistance of the Government of the Russian Federation as facilitator, to carry forward the peace process with the aim of achieving an overall political settlement, and in particular to bring both parties together in late November 1993 in Geneva;", "3. Reiterates the demand in its resolution 876 (1993) that all the parties to the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, refrain from the use of force and from any violation of international humanitarian law, and looks forward to the report of the fact-finding mission sent by the Secretary-General to the Republic of Georgia in this regard;", "4. Approves the continued presence of UNOMIG in Georgia until 31 January 1994 comprising up to five military observers plus minimal support staff, with the following interim mandate:", "(a) to maintain contacts with both sides to the conflict and military contingents of the Russian Federation;", "93-60922 (E) 041193 /...", "(b) to monitor the situation and report to headquarters, with particular reference to any developments relevant to the efforts of the United Nations to promote a comprehensive political settlement;", "5. Decides that UNOMIG will not be extended beyond 31 January 1994 unless the Secretary-General reports to the Council that substantive progress has been made towards implementing measures aimed at establishing a lasting peace or that the peace process will be served by the prolongation of its mandate, and requests the Secretary-General to report as appropriate, but in any event by late January 1994, on the activities of UNOMIG;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to take planning steps which would enable, upon a further decision by the Council, prompt deployment of additional personnel within the originally authorized strength of UNOMIG if the Secretary‑General reports that the situation on the ground and in the peace process warrants it;", "7. Decides to remain seized of the matter.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26688", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Proyecto de resolución", "El Consejo de Seguridad,", "Reafirmando sus resoluciones 849 (1993), de 9 de julio de 1993, 854 (1993), de 6 de agosto de 1993, 858 (1993), de 24 de agosto de 1993, y 876 (1993), de 19 de octubre de 1993,", "Recordando en particular su resolución 858 (1993) de 24 de agosto de 1993, en la que decidió establecer una Misión de Observación de las Naciones Unidas en Georgia (UNOMIG),", "Habiendo examinado el informe del Secretario General de 27 de octubre de 1993 (S/26646) sobre la situación en Abjasia (República de Georgia),", "Tomando nota con preocupación de que el mandato original de la UNOMIG ha quedado rebasado por los acontecimientos militares acaecidos entre el 16 y el 27 de septiembre de 1993,", "Expresando su grave preocupación por el hecho de que la continuación del conflicto de Abjasia, República de Georgia, pone en peligro la paz y la estabilidad en la región,", "1. Acoge con beneplácito el informe del Secretario General de 27 de octubre de 1993;", "2. Acoge también con beneplácito los continuos esfuerzos del Secretario General y de su Enviado Especial, en cooperación con el Presidente en ejercicio de la Conferencia sobre la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa (CSCE) y con la ayuda del Gobierno de la Federación de Rusia como mediador, por proseguir el proceso de paz con miras a conseguir una solución política global y, en particular, por reunir a las dos partes en Ginebra a finales de noviembre de 1993;", "3. Reitera lo exigido en su resolución 876 (1993) en el sentido de que todas las partes en el conflicto de Abjasia, República de Georgia, se abstengan del uso de la fuerza y de toda violación del derecho internacional humanitario y", "93-60925 (S) 041193 041193 /...", "espera con interés el informe de la misión de investigación de los hechos enviada por el Secretario General a la República de Georgia a ese respecto;", "4. Aprueba la continuación de la presencia de la UNOMIG en Georgia hasta el 31 de enero de 1994 con una composición de hasta cinco observadores militares y un personal de apoyo mínimo y con el siguiente mandato provisional:", "a) Mantener contactos con ambas partes en el conflicto y con los contingentes militares de la Federación de Rusia;", "b) Vigilar la situación e informar a la Sede, especialmente si se trata de acontecimientos que guarden relación con los esfuerzos de las Naciones Unidas por promover un arreglo político amplio;", "5. Decide que la UNOMIG no seguirá en funciones después del 31 de enero de 1994 a no ser que el Secretario General comunique al Consejo que se han hecho progresos sustanciales hacia la aplicación de medidas encaminadas a establecer una paz duradera o que el proceso de paz se beneficiará con la prolongación de su mandato y pide al Secretario General que informe sobre las actividades de la UNOMIG cuando corresponda y a más tardar a finales de enero de 1994;", "6. Pide al Secretario General que emprenda la planificación necesaria para proceder, en caso de que el Consejo así lo decida, al rápido despliegue de personal adicional dentro de los límites inicialmente autorizados para la UNOMIG, si el Secretario General comunica que la situación sobre el terreno y el desarrollo del proceso de paz lo justifican;", "7. Decide seguir ocupándose de la cuestión.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26688", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Reaffirming its resolutions 849 (1993) of 9 July 1993, 854 (1993) of 6 August 1993, 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993 and 876 (1993) of 19 October 1993,", "Recalling in particular resolution 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993, in which the Council decided to establish a United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG),", "Having considered the Secretary-General's report of 27 October 1993 (S/26646) concerning the situation in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia,", "Noting with concern that the original mandate of UNOMIG has been overtaken by the military developments of 16 to 27 September 1993,", "Expressing its serious concern that continuation of the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, threatens peace and stability in the region,", "1. Welcomes the Secretary-General's report of 27 October 1993;", "2. Welcomes also the continued efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Envoy, in cooperation with the Chairman‑in‑Office of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and with the assistance of the Government of the Russian Federation as facilitator, to carry forward the peace process with the aim of achieving an overall political settlement, and in particular to bring both parties together in late November 1993 in Geneva;", "3. Reiterates the demand in its resolution 876 (1993) that all the parties to the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, refrain from the use of force and from any violation of international humanitarian law, and looks forward to the report of the fact-finding mission sent by the Secretary-General to the Republic of Georgia in this regard;", "4. Approves the continued presence of UNOMIG in Georgia until 31 January 1994 comprising up to five military observers plus minimal support staff, with the following interim mandate:", "(a) to maintain contacts with both sides to the conflict and military contingents of the Russian Federation;", "93-60922 (E) 041193 /...", "(b) to monitor the situation and report to headquarters, with particular reference to any developments relevant to the efforts of the United Nations to promote a comprehensive political settlement;", "5. Decides that UNOMIG will not be extended beyond 31 January 1994 unless the Secretary-General reports to the Council that substantive progress has been made towards implementing measures aimed at establishing a lasting peace or that the peace process will be served by the prolongation of its mandate, and requests the Secretary-General to report as appropriate, but in any event by late January 1994, on the activities of UNOMIG;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to take planning steps which would enable, upon a further decision by the Council, prompt deployment of additional personnel within the originally authorized strength of UNOMIG if the Secretary‑General reports that the situation on the ground and in the peace process warrants it;", "7. Decides to remain seized of the matter.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S / 26688", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Reaffirming its resolutions 849 (1993) of 9 July 1993, 854 (1993) of 6 August 1993, 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993 and 876 (1993) of 19 October 1993,", "Recalling in particular its resolution 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993, by which it decided to establish a United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG),", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 27 October 1993 (S / 26646) on the situation in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia,", "Noting with concern that the original mandate of UNOMIG has been exceeded by military events between 16 and 27 September 1993,", "Expressing its grave concern that the continuing conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, threatens peace and stability in the region,", "1.Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 27 October 1993;", "2.Also welcomes the continued efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Envoy, in cooperation with the President-in-Office of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and with the assistance of the Government of the Russian Federation as a mediator, to continue the peace process with a view to achieving a comprehensive political solution and, in particular, to bring together the two parties in Geneva at the end of November 1993;", "3.Reiterates its resolution 876 (1993), which calls for all parties to the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, to refrain from the use of force and from any violation of international humanitarian law and", "93-60925 (E) 041193 /...", "looks forward to the report of the fact-finding mission sent by the Secretary-General to the Republic of Georgia in this regard;", "4.Approves the continued presence of UNOMIG in Georgia until 31 January 1994 with a composition of up to five military observers and a minimum support staff and with the following provisional mandate:", "(a)Maintain contacts with both parties to the conflict and with the military contingents of the Russian Federation;", "(b)To monitor the situation and report to Headquarters, especially if these are developments that are relevant to United Nations efforts to promote a comprehensive political settlement;", "5.Decides that UNOMIG shall not remain in office after 31 January 1994 unless the Secretary-General informs the Council that substantial progress has been made towards the implementation of measures to establish a lasting peace or that the peace process will benefit from the extension of its mandate, and requests the Secretary-General to report on the activities of UNOMIG as appropriate and no later than the end of January 1994;", "6.Requests the Secretary-General to undertake the necessary planning to proceed, if the Council so decides, to the rapid deployment of additional personnel within the limits initially authorized for UNOMIG, if the Secretary-General reports that the situation on the ground and the development of the peace process warrant this;", "7.Decides to remain seized of the matter.", "-----" ]	"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"
"LIxNUATHY9XBO+ryiIHB0F/PMkdbzPsKs3kP+aYnUU8="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire. Distr.", "GENERALE", "S/26688", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. Projet de résolution", "Le Conseil de sécurité,", "Réaffirmant ses résolutions 849 (1993) du 9 juillet 1993, 854 (1993) du 6 août 1993, 858 (1993) du 24 août 1993 et 876 (1993) du 19 octobre 1993,", "Rappelant en particulier sa résolution 858 (1993) du 24 août 1993, dans laquelle il a décidé de créer une Mission d'observation des Nations Unies en Géorgie (MONUG),", "Ayant examiné le rapport du Secrétaire général en date du 27 octobre 1993 (S/26646) concernant la situation en Abkhazie (République de Géorgie),", "Notant avec préoccupation que le mandat original de la MONUG est devenu caduc du fait de l'évolution de la situation militaire entre le 16 et le 27 septembre 1993,", "Constatant avec une vive inquiétude que la poursuite du conflit en Abkhazie (République de Géorgie) menace la paix et la stabilité dans la région,", "1. Se félicite du rapport du Secrétaire général en date du 27 octobre 1993;", "2. Se félicite également des efforts constants que le Secrétaire général et son Envoyé spécial déploient, en coopération avec le Président en exercice de la Conférence sur la sécurité et la coopération en Europe (CSCE) et avec l'assistance du Gouvernement de la Fédération de Russie comme facilitateur, pour faire avancer le processus de paix de manière à parvenir à un règlement politique d'ensemble et, en particulier, pour faire se rencontrer les deux parties à Genève à la fin de novembre 1993;", "3. Exige, comme il l'a déjà fait dans sa résolution 876 (1993), que toutes les parties au conflit en Abkhazie (République de Géorgie) s'abstiennent de recourir à la force et d'enfreindre en quelque manière que ce soit le droit international humanitaire, et attend avec intérêt le rapport de la mission que le Secrétaire général a envoyée en République de Géorgie pour établir les faits à cet égard;", "4. Approuve le maintien d'une présence de la MONUG en Géorgie jusqu'au 31 janvier 1994, d'un effectif maximum de cinq observateurs militaires et un personnel d'appui minimal, avec le mandat intérimaire suivant :", "a) Maintenir les contacts avec les deux parties au conflit et les contingents militaires de la Fédération de Russie;", "b) Suivre la situation et faire rapport au Siège, en particulier rendre compte de tout fait nouveau qui aurait un lien avec les efforts que déploie l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour promouvoir un règlement politique d'ensemble;", "5. Décide que le mandat de la MONUG ne sera pas prorogé au‑delà du 31 janvier 1994, à moins que le Secrétaire général ne fasse savoir au Conseil que d'importants progrès ont été réalisés en ce qui concerne l'application des mesures visant à instaurer une paix durable ou qu'une prorogation du mandat de la MONUG servirait le processus de paix, et prie le Secrétaire général de lui rendre compte selon que de besoin, mais en tout état de cause d'ici à la fin de janvier 1994, des activités de la MONUG;", "6. Prie le Secrétaire général de prendre des mesures préparatoires qui lui permettent, dès que le Conseil se prononcera de nouveau sur la question, de déployer rapidement du personnel supplémentaire dans la limite de l'effectif initialement autorisé pour la MONUG, au cas où le Secrétaire général l'informerait que la situation sur le terrain et l'état d'avancement du processus de paix le justifient;", "7. Décide de rester saisi de la question.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26688", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Proyecto de resolución", "El Consejo de Seguridad,", "Reafirmando sus resoluciones 849 (1993), de 9 de julio de 1993, 854 (1993), de 6 de agosto de 1993, 858 (1993), de 24 de agosto de 1993, y 876 (1993), de 19 de octubre de 1993,", "Recordando en particular su resolución 858 (1993) de 24 de agosto de 1993, en la que decidió establecer una Misión de Observación de las Naciones Unidas en Georgia (UNOMIG),", "Habiendo examinado el informe del Secretario General de 27 de octubre de 1993 (S/26646) sobre la situación en Abjasia (República de Georgia),", "Tomando nota con preocupación de que el mandato original de la UNOMIG ha quedado rebasado por los acontecimientos militares acaecidos entre el 16 y el 27 de septiembre de 1993,", "Expresando su grave preocupación por el hecho de que la continuación del conflicto de Abjasia, República de Georgia, pone en peligro la paz y la estabilidad en la región,", "1. Acoge con beneplácito el informe del Secretario General de 27 de octubre de 1993;", "2. Acoge también con beneplácito los continuos esfuerzos del Secretario General y de su Enviado Especial, en cooperación con el Presidente en ejercicio de la Conferencia sobre la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa (CSCE) y con la ayuda del Gobierno de la Federación de Rusia como mediador, por proseguir el proceso de paz con miras a conseguir una solución política global y, en particular, por reunir a las dos partes en Ginebra a finales de noviembre de 1993;", "3. Reitera lo exigido en su resolución 876 (1993) en el sentido de que todas las partes en el conflicto de Abjasia, República de Georgia, se abstengan del uso de la fuerza y de toda violación del derecho internacional humanitario y", "93-60925 (S) 041193 041193 /...", "espera con interés el informe de la misión de investigación de los hechos enviada por el Secretario General a la República de Georgia a ese respecto;", "4. Aprueba la continuación de la presencia de la UNOMIG en Georgia hasta el 31 de enero de 1994 con una composición de hasta cinco observadores militares y un personal de apoyo mínimo y con el siguiente mandato provisional:", "a) Mantener contactos con ambas partes en el conflicto y con los contingentes militares de la Federación de Rusia;", "b) Vigilar la situación e informar a la Sede, especialmente si se trata de acontecimientos que guarden relación con los esfuerzos de las Naciones Unidas por promover un arreglo político amplio;", "5. Decide que la UNOMIG no seguirá en funciones después del 31 de enero de 1994 a no ser que el Secretario General comunique al Consejo que se han hecho progresos sustanciales hacia la aplicación de medidas encaminadas a establecer una paz duradera o que el proceso de paz se beneficiará con la prolongación de su mandato y pide al Secretario General que informe sobre las actividades de la UNOMIG cuando corresponda y a más tardar a finales de enero de 1994;", "6. Pide al Secretario General que emprenda la planificación necesaria para proceder, en caso de que el Consejo así lo decida, al rápido despliegue de personal adicional dentro de los límites inicialmente autorizados para la UNOMIG, si el Secretario General comunica que la situación sobre el terreno y el desarrollo del proceso de paz lo justifican;", "7. Decide seguir ocupándose de la cuestión.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary.Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26688", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Reaffirming its resolutions 849 (1993) of 9 July 1993, 854 (1993) of 6 August 1993, 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993 and 876 (1993) of 19 October 1993,", "Recalling in particular its resolution 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993, in which it decided to establish a United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG),", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 27 October 1993 (S/26646) concerning the situation in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia,", "Noting with concern that the original mandate of UNOMIG has been terminated as a result of military developments between 16 and 27 September 1993,", "Expressing deep concern that the continuation of the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, threatens peace and stability in the region,", "1.Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 27 October 1993;", "2.Also welcomes the continued efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Envoy, in cooperation with the current President of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and with the assistance of the Government of the Russian Federation as facilitator, to advance the peace process in order to achieve a comprehensive political settlement and, in particular, to meet the two parties in Geneva at the end of November 1993;", "3.Demands, as it has already done in its resolution 876 (1993), that all parties to the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, refrain from the use of force and in any way violate international humanitarian law, and looks forward to the report of the Secretary-General's mission to the Republic of Georgia to establish the facts in this regard;", "4.Approves the continuation of a UNOMIG presence in Georgia until 31 January 1994, with a maximum of five military observers and a minimum support staff, with the following interim mandate:", "(a)Maintain contact with both parties to the conflict and military contingents of the Russian Federation;", "(b)Monitor and report to Headquarters, in particular to report on any developments that would be relevant to the efforts of the United Nations to promote a comprehensive political settlement;", "5.Decides that the mandate of UNOMIG shall not be extended beyond 31 January 1994, unless the Secretary-General informs the Council that significant progress has been made in implementing measures to achieve a lasting peace or that an extension of the mandate of UNOMIG would serve the peace process, and requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council as appropriate, but in any event by the end of January 1994 on the activities of UNOMIG;", "6.Requests the Secretary-General to take preparatory measures to enable him, as soon as the Council decides on this matter again, to deploy additional personnel promptly within the original authorized strength of UNOMIG, should the Secretary-General inform him that the situation on the ground and the status of the peace process warrant such action;", "7.Decides to remain seized of the matter.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S / 26688", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Reaffirming its resolutions 849 (1993) of 9 July 1993, 854 (1993) of 6 August 1993, 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993 and 876 (1993) of 19 October 1993,", "Recalling in particular its resolution 858 (1993) of 24 August 1993, by which it decided to establish a United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG),", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 27 October 1993 (S / 26646) on the situation in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia,", "Noting with concern that the original mandate of UNOMIG has been exceeded by military events between 16 and 27 September 1993,", "Expressing its grave concern that the continuing conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, threatens peace and stability in the region,", "1.Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 27 October 1993;", "2.Also welcomes the continued efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Envoy, in cooperation with the President-in-Office of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and with the assistance of the Government of the Russian Federation as a mediator, to continue the peace process with a view to achieving a comprehensive political solution and, in particular, to bring together the two parties in Geneva at the end of November 1993;", "3.Reiterates its resolution 876 (1993), which calls for all parties to the conflict in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, to refrain from the use of force and from any violation of international humanitarian law and", "93-60925 (E) 041193 /...", "looks forward to the report of the fact-finding mission sent by the Secretary-General to the Republic of Georgia in this regard;", "4.Approves the continued presence of UNOMIG in Georgia until 31 January 1994 with a composition of up to five military observers and a minimum support staff and with the following provisional mandate:", "(a)Maintain contacts with both parties to the conflict and with the military contingents of the Russian Federation;", "(b)To monitor the situation and report to Headquarters, especially if these are developments that are relevant to United Nations efforts to promote a comprehensive political settlement;", "5.Decides that UNOMIG shall not remain in office after 31 January 1994 unless the Secretary-General informs the Council that substantial progress has been made towards the implementation of measures to establish a lasting peace or that the peace process will benefit from the extension of its mandate, and requests the Secretary-General to report on the activities of UNOMIG as appropriate and no later than the end of January 1994;", "6.Requests the Secretary-General to undertake the necessary planning to proceed, if the Council so decides, to the rapid deployment of additional personnel within the limits initially authorized for UNOMIG, if the Secretary-General reports that the situation on the ground and the development of the peace process warrant this;", "7.Decides to remain seized of the matter.", "-----" ]	"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"
"NajdrrpFqJBW6JyZEwYyVtwwvZPpMRP+PaRkObHa8Co="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.20", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (c)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OF", "THE TWELFTH SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY:", "UNITED NATIONS DISARMAMENT INFORMATION PROGRAMME", "Bangladesh, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic", "Republic of), Mexico, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Ukraine and", "Venezuela: draft resolution", "United Nations Disarmament Information Programme", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its decision taken in 1982 at its twelfth special session, the second special session devoted to disarmament, by which the World Disarmament Campaign was launched,", "Bearing in mind its various resolutions on the subject, including resolution 47/53 D of 9 December 1992, in which it decided, inter alia, that the World Disarmament Campaign should be known thereafter as the \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\" and the World Disarmament Campaign Voluntary Trust Fund as the \"Voluntary Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\",", "Having examined the reports of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the implementation of the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme, 1/ and of 22 September 1993 on the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters relating to the implementation of the Disarmament Information Programme, as well as the Final Act of the Eleventh United Nations Pledging Conference for the Programme, held on 29 October 1993,", "Noting with appreciation the contributions that Member States have already made to the Programme,", "__________", "1/ A/48/326.", "93-60740 (E) 041193 /...", "1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme; 1/", "2. Commends the Secretary-General for his efforts to make effective use of the resources available to him in disseminating as widely as possible information on arms limitation and disarmament to elected officials, the media, non-governmental organizations, educational communities and research institutes, and in carrying out an active seminar and conference programme;", "3. Notes with appreciation the contributions to the efforts of the Programme by the United Nations information centres and the regional centres for disarmament;", "4. Recommends that the Programme should further focus its efforts:", "(a) To inform, to educate and to generate public understanding of the importance of and support for multilateral action, including action by the United Nations and the Conference on Disarmament, in the field of arms limitation and disarmament, in a factual, balanced and objective manner;", "(b) To facilitate unimpeded access to and an exchange of information on ideas between the public sector and public interest groups and organizations, and to provide an independent source of balanced and factual information that takes into account a range of views to help further an informed debate on arms limitation, disarmament and security;", "(c) To organize meetings to facilitate exchanges of views and information between governmental and non-governmental sectors and between governmental and other experts in order to facilitate the search for common ground;", "5. Invites all Member States to contribute to the Voluntary Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme;", "6. Commends the Secretary-General for supporting the efforts of universities, other academic institutions and non-governmental organizations active in the educational field in widening the world-wide availability of disarmament education, and invites him to continue to support and cooperate, without cost to the regular budget of the united Nations, with educational institutions and non-governmental organizations engaged in such efforts;", "7. Decides that at its forty-ninth session there should be a twelfth United Nations Pledging Conference for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme, and expresses the hope that on that occasion all those Member States that have not yet announced any voluntary contributions will do so, bearing in mind the objectives of the Third Disarmament Decade and the need to ensure its success;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a report covering both the implementation of the activities of the Programme by the United Nations system during 1994 and the activities of the Programme contemplated by the system for 1995;", "9. Also decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session an item entitled \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\".", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.1/48/L.20", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "PREMIERE COMMISSION", "Point 72 c) de l'ordre du jour", "EXAMEN ET APPLICATION DU DOCUMENT DE CLOTURE DE LA DOUZIEME", "SESSION EXTRAORDINAIRE DE L'ASSEMBLEE GENERALE : PROGRAMME", "D'INFORMATION DES NATIONS UNIES SUR LE DESARMEMENT", "Bangladesh, Bolivie, Costa Rica, Indonésie, Iran (République", "islamique d'), Mexique, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Ukraine et", "Venezuela : projet de résolution", "Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Rappelant la décision qu'elle a prise en 1982 à sa douzième session extraordinaire, la deuxième consacrée au désarmement, de lancer la Campagne mondiale pour le désarmement,", "Ayant à l'esprit ses diverses résolutions sur la question, y compris la résolution 47/53 D du 9 décembre 1992, dans laquelle elle a notamment décidé que la Campagne mondiale pour le désarmement serait connue désormais sous le nom de \"Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement\" et le Fonds d'affectation spéciale de la Campagne mondiale pour le désarmement sous le nom de \"Fonds d'affectation spéciale pour le Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement\",", "Ayant examiné le rapport du Secrétaire général, en date du 24 août 1993, sur l'exécution du Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement[1], et son rapport, en date du 22 septembre 1993, sur les travaux que le Conseil consultatif pour les questions de désarmement a consacrés au Programme, ainsi que l'Acte final de la onzième Conférence des Nations Unies pour les annonces de contributions au Programme, qui s'est tenue le 29 octobre 1993,", "Notant avec satisfaction les contributions que les Etats Membres ont déjà apportées au Programme,", "1. Accueille avec satisfaction le rapport du Secrétaire général, en date du 24 août 1993, sur le Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement¹;", "2. Félicite le Secrétaire général des efforts qu'il fait pour bien utiliser les ressources dont il dispose afin de diffuser aussi largement que possible des informations sur la limitation des armements et le désarmement auprès des personnalités élues, des médias, des organisations non gouvernementales, des milieux de l'enseignement et des instituts de recherche, de même que pour exécuter un programme dynamique de séminaires et de conférences;", "3. Prend note avec satisfaction des contributions apportées au activités du Programme par les centres d'information des Nations Unies et les centres régionaux pour le désarmement;", "4. Recommande que le Programme fasse porter principalement ses efforts sur les objectifs suivants :", "a) Informer et éduquer le public de façon concrète, équilibrée et objective, pour l'amener à comprendre combien il importe d'appuyer l'action multilatérale dans le domaine de la limitation des armements et du désarmement, menée notamment par l'Organisation des Nations Unies et par la Conférence du désarmement;", "b) Faciliter la libre circulation des idées et les échanges d'informations entre le secteur public et les groupes et organismes de défense de l'intérêt public et constituer une source indépendante d'informations équilibrées et concrètes, qui tienne compte d'un large éventail d'opinions, afin d'alimenter un débat éclairé sur la limitation des armements, le désarmement et la sécurité;", "c) Organiser des réunions pour faciliter les échanges de vues et d'informations entre les secteurs gouvernementaux et non gouvernementaux et entre les experts gouvernementaux et autres, afin de faciliter la recherche d'un terrain d'entente;", "5. Invite tous les Etats Membres à verser des contributions au Fonds d'affectation spéciale pour le Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement;", "6. Sait gré au Secrétaire général d'appuyer les efforts que font les universités, les autres établissements d'enseignement et les organisations non gouvernementales s'occupant d'enseignement pour développer partout dans le monde l'éducation en matière de désarmement, et l'invite à continuer à fournir un appui aux établissements d'enseignement et aux organisations non gouvernementales qui poursuivent de tels efforts et à leur offrir sa coopération, sans qu'il en résulte de dépenses au titre du budget ordinaire de l'Organisation des Nations Unies;", "7. Décide de convoquer, à sa quarante-neuvième session, une douzième conférence des Nations Unies pour les annonces de contributions au Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement et exprime l'espoir que les Etats Membres qui n'ont pas encore annoncé de contributions volontaires le feront à cette occasion, compte tenu des objectifs de la troisième Décennie du désarmement et de la nécessité d'en assurer le succès;", "8. Prie le Secrétaire général de lui présenter, à sa quarante-neuvième session, un rapport portant à la fois sur la façon dont les organismes des Nations Unies auront exécuté en 1994 les activités au titre du Programme et sur celles qu'ils envisagent pour 1995;", "9. Décide également d'inscrire à l'ordre du jour provisoire de sa quarante-neuvième session une question intitulée \"Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement\".", "-----", "[1] A/48/326" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.20", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (c)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OF", "THE TWELFTH SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY:", "UNITED NATIONS DISARMAMENT INFORMATION PROGRAMME", "Bangladesh, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic", "Republic of), Mexico, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Ukraine and", "Venezuela: draft resolution", "United Nations Disarmament Information Programme", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its decision taken in 1982 at its twelfth special session, the second special session devoted to disarmament, by which the World Disarmament Campaign was launched,", "Bearing in mind its various resolutions on the subject, including resolution 47/53 D of 9 December 1992, in which it decided, inter alia, that the World Disarmament Campaign should be known thereafter as the \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\" and the World Disarmament Campaign Voluntary Trust Fund as the \"Voluntary Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\",", "Having examined the reports of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the implementation of the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme, 1/ and of 22 September 1993 on the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters relating to the implementation of the Disarmament Information Programme, as well as the Final Act of the Eleventh United Nations Pledging Conference for the Programme, held on 29 October 1993,", "Noting with appreciation the contributions that Member States have already made to the Programme,", "__________", "1/ A/48/326.", "93-60740 (E) 041193 /...", "1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme; 1/", "2. Commends the Secretary-General for his efforts to make effective use of the resources available to him in disseminating as widely as possible information on arms limitation and disarmament to elected officials, the media, non-governmental organizations, educational communities and research institutes, and in carrying out an active seminar and conference programme;", "3. Notes with appreciation the contributions to the efforts of the Programme by the United Nations information centres and the regional centres for disarmament;", "4. Recommends that the Programme should further focus its efforts:", "(a) To inform, to educate and to generate public understanding of the importance of and support for multilateral action, including action by the United Nations and the Conference on Disarmament, in the field of arms limitation and disarmament, in a factual, balanced and objective manner;", "(b) To facilitate unimpeded access to and an exchange of information on ideas between the public sector and public interest groups and organizations, and to provide an independent source of balanced and factual information that takes into account a range of views to help further an informed debate on arms limitation, disarmament and security;", "(c) To organize meetings to facilitate exchanges of views and information between governmental and non-governmental sectors and between governmental and other experts in order to facilitate the search for common ground;", "5. Invites all Member States to contribute to the Voluntary Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme;", "6. Commends the Secretary-General for supporting the efforts of universities, other academic institutions and non-governmental organizations active in the educational field in widening the world-wide availability of disarmament education, and invites him to continue to support and cooperate, without cost to the regular budget of the united Nations, with educational institutions and non-governmental organizations engaged in such efforts;", "7. Decides that at its forty-ninth session there should be a twelfth United Nations Pledging Conference for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme, and expresses the hope that on that occasion all those Member States that have not yet announced any voluntary contributions will do so, bearing in mind the objectives of the Third Disarmament Decade and the need to ensure its success;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a report covering both the implementation of the activities of the Programme by the United Nations system during 1994 and the activities of the Programme contemplated by the system for 1995;", "9. Also decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session an item entitled \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\".", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.20", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (c)", "REVIEW AND APPLICATION OF THE CLOSING DOCUMENT FOR THE TWENTY-SELF-SELF-FIRST", "SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: PROGRAMME", "ON DISARMAMENT", "Bangladesh, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Iran (Republic of)", "Mexico, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Ukraine and", "Venezuela: draft resolution", "United Nations Disarmament Information Programme", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its decision taken in 1982 at its twelfth special session, the second special session devoted to disarmament, to launch the World Disarmament Campaign,", "Bearing in mind its various relevant resolutions, including resolution 47/53 D of 9 December 1992, in which, inter alia, it decided that the World Disarmament Campaign would be known as the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme and the World Disarmament Campaign Trust Fund as the \"Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\",", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the implementation of the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme[1] and his report of 22 September 1993 on the work of the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters on the Programme, as well as the Final Act of the Eleventh United Nations Pledging Conference on the Programme, held on 29 October 1993,", "Noting with appreciation the contributions already made by Member States to the Programme,", "1.Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme;1", "2.Commends the Secretary-General for his efforts to make the best use of available resources to disseminate information on arms limitation and disarmament as widely as possible to elected officials, the media, non-governmental organizations, the academic community and research institutions, as well as to carry out a dynamic programme of seminars and conferences;", "3.Notes with appreciation the contributions made to the work of the Programme by the United Nations information centres and the regional disarmament centres;", "4.Recommends that the Programme focus its efforts on the following objectives:", "(a) To inform and educate the public in a practical, balanced and objective manner, in order to ensure that the public understands the importance of supporting multilateral action in the field of arms limitation and disarmament, including by the United Nations and the Conference on Disarmament;", "(b)Facilitate the free flow of ideas and information exchange between the public sector and public interest groups and bodies and constitute an independent source of balanced and concrete information, taking into account a wide range of views, in order to inform an informed debate on arms limitation, disarmament and security;", "(c)To organize meetings to facilitate the exchange of views and information between governmental and non-governmental sectors and between governmental and other experts, in order to facilitate the search for common ground;", "5.Invites all Member States to contribute to the Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme;", "6.Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for his support for the efforts of universities, other educational institutions and non-governmental organizations involved in education to develop disarmament education throughout the world, and invites him to continue to provide support and cooperation to educational institutions and non-governmental organizations that continue to do so, without resulting in expenditures under the regular budget of the United Nations;", "7.Decides to convene, at its forty-ninth session, a twelfth United Nations Pledging Conference for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme and expresses the hope that Member States that have not yet pledged voluntary contributions will do so on that occasion, taking into account the objectives of the Third Disarmament Decade and the need to ensure its success;", "8.Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a report on both the implementation of the activities of the United Nations system in 1994 and their plans for 1995;", "9.Decides also to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session an item entitled \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\".", "-----", "[1] A/48/326" ]	"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"
"qEpSUFQhVJ80jZdxc8PwRKSrGhhXhB7BNdglIlDyEjc="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.20", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (c)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OF", "THE TWELFTH SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY:", "UNITED NATIONS DISARMAMENT INFORMATION PROGRAMME", "Bangladesh, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic", "Republic of), Mexico, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Ukraine and", "Venezuela: draft resolution", "United Nations Disarmament Information Programme", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its decision taken in 1982 at its twelfth special session, the second special session devoted to disarmament, by which the World Disarmament Campaign was launched,", "Bearing in mind its various resolutions on the subject, including resolution 47/53 D of 9 December 1992, in which it decided, inter alia, that the World Disarmament Campaign should be known thereafter as the \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\" and the World Disarmament Campaign Voluntary Trust Fund as the \"Voluntary Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\",", "Having examined the reports of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the implementation of the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme, 1/ and of 22 September 1993 on the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters relating to the implementation of the Disarmament Information Programme, as well as the Final Act of the Eleventh United Nations Pledging Conference for the Programme, held on 29 October 1993,", "Noting with appreciation the contributions that Member States have already made to the Programme,", "__________", "1/ A/48/326.", "93-60740 (E) 041193 /...", "1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme; 1/", "2. Commends the Secretary-General for his efforts to make effective use of the resources available to him in disseminating as widely as possible information on arms limitation and disarmament to elected officials, the media, non-governmental organizations, educational communities and research institutes, and in carrying out an active seminar and conference programme;", "3. Notes with appreciation the contributions to the efforts of the Programme by the United Nations information centres and the regional centres for disarmament;", "4. Recommends that the Programme should further focus its efforts:", "(a) To inform, to educate and to generate public understanding of the importance of and support for multilateral action, including action by the United Nations and the Conference on Disarmament, in the field of arms limitation and disarmament, in a factual, balanced and objective manner;", "(b) To facilitate unimpeded access to and an exchange of information on ideas between the public sector and public interest groups and organizations, and to provide an independent source of balanced and factual information that takes into account a range of views to help further an informed debate on arms limitation, disarmament and security;", "(c) To organize meetings to facilitate exchanges of views and information between governmental and non-governmental sectors and between governmental and other experts in order to facilitate the search for common ground;", "5. Invites all Member States to contribute to the Voluntary Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme;", "6. Commends the Secretary-General for supporting the efforts of universities, other academic institutions and non-governmental organizations active in the educational field in widening the world-wide availability of disarmament education, and invites him to continue to support and cooperate, without cost to the regular budget of the united Nations, with educational institutions and non-governmental organizations engaged in such efforts;", "7. Decides that at its forty-ninth session there should be a twelfth United Nations Pledging Conference for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme, and expresses the hope that on that occasion all those Member States that have not yet announced any voluntary contributions will do so, bearing in mind the objectives of the Third Disarmament Decade and the need to ensure its success;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a report covering both the implementation of the activities of the Programme by the United Nations system during 1994 and the activities of the Programme contemplated by the system for 1995;", "9. Also decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session an item entitled \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\".", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.1/48/L.20", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "PRIMERA COMISION", "Tema 72 c) del programa", "EXAMEN Y APLICACION DEL DOCUMENTO DE CLAUSURA DEL DUODECIMO PERIODO", "EXTRAORDINARIO DE SESIONES DE LA ASAMBLEA GENERAL: PROGRAMA DE LAS", "NACIONES UNIDAS DE INFORMACION SOBRE DESARME", "Bangladesh, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Irán (República", "Islámica del), México, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Ucrania y", "Venezuela: proyecto de resolución", "Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme", "La Asamblea General,", "Recordando la decisión adoptada en 1982, en su duodécimo período extraordinario de sesiones, el segundo período extraordinario de sesiones dedicado al desarme, en virtud de la cual se inició la Campaña Mundial de Desarme,", "Teniendo presentes sus diversas resoluciones sobre el tema, incluida la resolución 47/53 D de 9 de diciembre de 1992, en la que, entre otras cosas, decidió que la Campaña Mundial de Desarme fuera conocida en lo adelante como \"Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme\", y el Fondo Fiduciario para la Campaña Mundial de Desarme, como \"Fondo Fiduciario para el Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme\",", "Habiendo examinado los informes del Secretario General de 24 de agosto de 1993 sobre la ejecución del Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme[1], y de 22 de septiembre de 1993 sobre la Junta Consultiva en Asuntos de Desarme, referente a la ejecución del Programa de Información sobre Desarme, así como el Acta Final de la undécima Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Promesas de Contribuciones para el Programa, que tuvo lugar el 29 de octubre de 1993,", "Observando con reconocimiento las contribuciones que los Estados Miembros ya han aportado para el Programa,", "1. Acoge con beneplácito el informe del Secretario General de 24 de agosto de 1993 sobre el Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme¹;", "2. Encomia al Secretario General por las medidas que ha tomado para utilizar eficazmente los recursos de que dispone a fin de difundir en la mayor medida posible la información sobre la limitación de armamentos y el desarme entre funcionarios electos, medios de comunicación, organizaciones no gubernamentales, comunidades de enseñanza e institutos de investigación, así como de llevar a cabo un activo programa de seminarios y conferencias;", "3. Observa con reconocimiento las contribuciones a las actividades del Programa que han aportado los centros de información de las Naciones Unidas y los centros regionales de desarme;", "4. Recomienda que el Programa centre más su acción en los siguientes aspectos:", "a) Informar y educar al público de manera concreta, equilibrada y objetiva, para que tome conciencia de la importancia de la acción multilateral en la esfera de la limitación de armamentos y el desarme, y en particular de las medidas adoptadas por las Naciones Unidas y la Conferencia de Desarme, y apoye las actividades en la materia;", "b) Facilitar la libre circulación de ideas y el intercambio de información entre el sector público y grupos y organizaciones de interés público y servir de fuente independiente de información equilibrada y concreta, en que se tengan en cuenta diversas opiniones con el fin de fomentar un debate bien fundado sobre la limitación de los armamentos, el desarme y la seguridad;", "c) Organizar reuniones para facilitar el intercambio de opiniones y de información entre sectores gubernamentales y no gubernamentales y entre expertos gubernamentales y otros especialistas a fin de ayudar en la búsqueda de elementos comunes;", "5. Invita a todos los Estados Miembros a aportar contribuciones al Fondo Fiduciario para el Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme;", "6. Encomia al Secretario General por su apoyo a las actividades realizadas por universidades, otras instituciones académicas y organizaciones no gubernamentales que trabajan en el campo de la educación a fin de ampliar el acceso a la educación para el desarme, y lo invita a continuar su apoyo y cooperación, sin costo para el presupuesto ordinario de las Naciones Unidas, con instituciones educativas y organizaciones no gubernamentales que realicen actividades de esa índole;", "7. Decide que en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones se celebre la undécima Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Promesas de Contribuciones para el Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme y expresa la esperanza de que todos los Estados Miembros que aún no lo hayan hecho", "anuncien en esas ocasión sus contribuciones voluntarias, teniendo en cuenta los objetivos del Tercer Decenio de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarme y la necesidad de que culmine con éxito;", "8. Pide al Secretario General que le presente, en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones, un informe sobre la ejecución de las actividades del Programa en el sistema de las Naciones Unidas durante 1994 y las actividades previstas en el sistema para 1995;", "9. Decide también incluir en el programa provisional de su cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones un tema titulado \"Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme\".", "-----", "[1] A/48/326." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.20", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (c)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OF", "THE TWELFTH SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY:", "UNITED NATIONS DISARMAMENT INFORMATION PROGRAMME", "Bangladesh, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic", "Republic of), Mexico, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Ukraine and", "Venezuela: draft resolution", "United Nations Disarmament Information Programme", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its decision taken in 1982 at its twelfth special session, the second special session devoted to disarmament, by which the World Disarmament Campaign was launched,", "Bearing in mind its various resolutions on the subject, including resolution 47/53 D of 9 December 1992, in which it decided, inter alia, that the World Disarmament Campaign should be known thereafter as the \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\" and the World Disarmament Campaign Voluntary Trust Fund as the \"Voluntary Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\",", "Having examined the reports of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the implementation of the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme, 1/ and of 22 September 1993 on the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters relating to the implementation of the Disarmament Information Programme, as well as the Final Act of the Eleventh United Nations Pledging Conference for the Programme, held on 29 October 1993,", "Noting with appreciation the contributions that Member States have already made to the Programme,", "__________", "1/ A/48/326.", "93-60740 (E) 041193 /...", "1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme; 1/", "2. Commends the Secretary-General for his efforts to make effective use of the resources available to him in disseminating as widely as possible information on arms limitation and disarmament to elected officials, the media, non-governmental organizations, educational communities and research institutes, and in carrying out an active seminar and conference programme;", "3. Notes with appreciation the contributions to the efforts of the Programme by the United Nations information centres and the regional centres for disarmament;", "4. Recommends that the Programme should further focus its efforts:", "(a) To inform, to educate and to generate public understanding of the importance of and support for multilateral action, including action by the United Nations and the Conference on Disarmament, in the field of arms limitation and disarmament, in a factual, balanced and objective manner;", "(b) To facilitate unimpeded access to and an exchange of information on ideas between the public sector and public interest groups and organizations, and to provide an independent source of balanced and factual information that takes into account a range of views to help further an informed debate on arms limitation, disarmament and security;", "(c) To organize meetings to facilitate exchanges of views and information between governmental and non-governmental sectors and between governmental and other experts in order to facilitate the search for common ground;", "5. Invites all Member States to contribute to the Voluntary Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme;", "6. Commends the Secretary-General for supporting the efforts of universities, other academic institutions and non-governmental organizations active in the educational field in widening the world-wide availability of disarmament education, and invites him to continue to support and cooperate, without cost to the regular budget of the united Nations, with educational institutions and non-governmental organizations engaged in such efforts;", "7. Decides that at its forty-ninth session there should be a twelfth United Nations Pledging Conference for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme, and expresses the hope that on that occasion all those Member States that have not yet announced any voluntary contributions will do so, bearing in mind the objectives of the Third Disarmament Decade and the need to ensure its success;", "8. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a report covering both the implementation of the activities of the Programme by the United Nations system during 1994 and the activities of the Programme contemplated by the system for 1995;", "9. Also decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session an item entitled \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\".", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.1 / 48 / L.20", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (c)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CLOSURE DOCUMENT OF THE DURING", "OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: PROGRAMME OF THE", "OF DISARMAMENT INFORMATION", "Bangladesh, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Iran (Republic of)", "(Islamic Republic of), Mexico, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Ukraine and", "Venezuela: draft resolution", "United Nations Disarmament Information Programme", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the decision taken in 1982 at its twelfth special session, the second special session devoted to disarmament, by which the World Disarmament Campaign was launched,", "Bearing in mind its various resolutions on the subject, including resolution 47 / 53 D of 9 December 1992, in which it decided, inter alia, that the World Disarmament Campaign should be known as \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\" and the Trust Fund for the World Disarmament Campaign as \"Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme,\"", "Having considered the reports of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the implementation of the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme [1] and of 22 September 1993 on the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters on the implementation of the Programme for Disarmament Information, as well as the Final Act of the Eleventh United Nations Pledging Conference for the Programme, held on 29 October 1993,", "Noting with appreciation the contributions already made by Member States to the Programme,", "1.Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme; 1", "2.Commends the Secretary-General for the measures he has taken to make effective use of the resources available to him to disseminate to the greatest extent possible information on arms limitation and disarmament to elected officials, the media, non-governmental organizations, educational communities and research institutes, as well as to carry out an active programme of seminars and conferences;", "3.Notes with appreciation the contributions made to the activities of the Programme by the United Nations information centres and the regional disarmament centres;", "4.Recommends that the Programme focus more on the following:", "(a)To inform and educate the public in a concrete, balanced and objective manner, to raise awareness of the importance of multilateral action in the field of arms control and disarmament, in particular the measures taken by the United Nations and the Conference on Disarmament, and to support activities in this regard;", "(b)To facilitate the free movement of ideas and the exchange of information between the public sector and groups and organizations of public interest and to serve as an independent source of balanced and concrete information, taking into account various views in order to promote a well-founded debate on arms control, disarmament and security;", "(c) Organize meetings to facilitate the exchange of views and information between governmental and non-governmental sectors and between governmental experts and other specialists to assist in the search for common elements;", "5.Invites all Member States to contribute to the Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme;", "6.Commends the Secretary-General for his support for the activities of universities, other academic institutions and non-governmental organizations working in the field of education in order to expand access to disarmament education, and invites him to continue his support and cooperation, at the cost of the United Nations regular budget, with educational institutions and non-governmental organizations engaged in such activities;", "7.Decides that the eleventh United Nations Pledging Conference for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme will be held at its forty-ninth session and expresses the hope that all Member States that have not yet done so will be held at its forty-ninth session,", "announce on that occasion their voluntary contributions, taking into account the objectives of the Third United Nations Disarmament Decade and the need for its successful conclusion;", "8.Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a report on the implementation of the activities of the Programme in the United Nations system during 1994 and the activities planned for the system for 1995;", "9.Decides also to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-eighth session an item entitled \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme.\"", "-----", "[1]A / 48 / 326." ]	"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"
"c37HTzgs5kGty+OuCvYJXN+7CAgBOc/+94NBt9VIwI0="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.1/48/L.20", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "PREMIERE COMMISSION", "Point 72 c) de l'ordre du jour", "EXAMEN ET APPLICATION DU DOCUMENT DE CLOTURE DE LA DOUZIEME", "SESSION EXTRAORDINAIRE DE L'ASSEMBLEE GENERALE : PROGRAMME", "D'INFORMATION DES NATIONS UNIES SUR LE DESARMEMENT", "Bangladesh, Bolivie, Costa Rica, Indonésie, Iran (République", "islamique d'), Mexique, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Ukraine et", "Venezuela : projet de résolution", "Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Rappelant la décision qu'elle a prise en 1982 à sa douzième session extraordinaire, la deuxième consacrée au désarmement, de lancer la Campagne mondiale pour le désarmement,", "Ayant à l'esprit ses diverses résolutions sur la question, y compris la résolution 47/53 D du 9 décembre 1992, dans laquelle elle a notamment décidé que la Campagne mondiale pour le désarmement serait connue désormais sous le nom de \"Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement\" et le Fonds d'affectation spéciale de la Campagne mondiale pour le désarmement sous le nom de \"Fonds d'affectation spéciale pour le Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement\",", "Ayant examiné le rapport du Secrétaire général, en date du 24 août 1993, sur l'exécution du Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement[1], et son rapport, en date du 22 septembre 1993, sur les travaux que le Conseil consultatif pour les questions de désarmement a consacrés au Programme, ainsi que l'Acte final de la onzième Conférence des Nations Unies pour les annonces de contributions au Programme, qui s'est tenue le 29 octobre 1993,", "Notant avec satisfaction les contributions que les Etats Membres ont déjà apportées au Programme,", "1. Accueille avec satisfaction le rapport du Secrétaire général, en date du 24 août 1993, sur le Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement¹;", "2. Félicite le Secrétaire général des efforts qu'il fait pour bien utiliser les ressources dont il dispose afin de diffuser aussi largement que possible des informations sur la limitation des armements et le désarmement auprès des personnalités élues, des médias, des organisations non gouvernementales, des milieux de l'enseignement et des instituts de recherche, de même que pour exécuter un programme dynamique de séminaires et de conférences;", "3. Prend note avec satisfaction des contributions apportées au activités du Programme par les centres d'information des Nations Unies et les centres régionaux pour le désarmement;", "4. Recommande que le Programme fasse porter principalement ses efforts sur les objectifs suivants :", "a) Informer et éduquer le public de façon concrète, équilibrée et objective, pour l'amener à comprendre combien il importe d'appuyer l'action multilatérale dans le domaine de la limitation des armements et du désarmement, menée notamment par l'Organisation des Nations Unies et par la Conférence du désarmement;", "b) Faciliter la libre circulation des idées et les échanges d'informations entre le secteur public et les groupes et organismes de défense de l'intérêt public et constituer une source indépendante d'informations équilibrées et concrètes, qui tienne compte d'un large éventail d'opinions, afin d'alimenter un débat éclairé sur la limitation des armements, le désarmement et la sécurité;", "c) Organiser des réunions pour faciliter les échanges de vues et d'informations entre les secteurs gouvernementaux et non gouvernementaux et entre les experts gouvernementaux et autres, afin de faciliter la recherche d'un terrain d'entente;", "5. Invite tous les Etats Membres à verser des contributions au Fonds d'affectation spéciale pour le Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement;", "6. Sait gré au Secrétaire général d'appuyer les efforts que font les universités, les autres établissements d'enseignement et les organisations non gouvernementales s'occupant d'enseignement pour développer partout dans le monde l'éducation en matière de désarmement, et l'invite à continuer à fournir un appui aux établissements d'enseignement et aux organisations non gouvernementales qui poursuivent de tels efforts et à leur offrir sa coopération, sans qu'il en résulte de dépenses au titre du budget ordinaire de l'Organisation des Nations Unies;", "7. Décide de convoquer, à sa quarante-neuvième session, une douzième conférence des Nations Unies pour les annonces de contributions au Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement et exprime l'espoir que les Etats Membres qui n'ont pas encore annoncé de contributions volontaires le feront à cette occasion, compte tenu des objectifs de la troisième Décennie du désarmement et de la nécessité d'en assurer le succès;", "8. Prie le Secrétaire général de lui présenter, à sa quarante-neuvième session, un rapport portant à la fois sur la façon dont les organismes des Nations Unies auront exécuté en 1994 les activités au titre du Programme et sur celles qu'ils envisagent pour 1995;", "9. Décide également d'inscrire à l'ordre du jour provisoire de sa quarante-neuvième session une question intitulée \"Programme d'information des Nations Unies sur le désarmement\".", "-----", "[1] A/48/326" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.1/48/L.20", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "PRIMERA COMISION", "Tema 72 c) del programa", "EXAMEN Y APLICACION DEL DOCUMENTO DE CLAUSURA DEL DUODECIMO PERIODO", "EXTRAORDINARIO DE SESIONES DE LA ASAMBLEA GENERAL: PROGRAMA DE LAS", "NACIONES UNIDAS DE INFORMACION SOBRE DESARME", "Bangladesh, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Irán (República", "Islámica del), México, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Ucrania y", "Venezuela: proyecto de resolución", "Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme", "La Asamblea General,", "Recordando la decisión adoptada en 1982, en su duodécimo período extraordinario de sesiones, el segundo período extraordinario de sesiones dedicado al desarme, en virtud de la cual se inició la Campaña Mundial de Desarme,", "Teniendo presentes sus diversas resoluciones sobre el tema, incluida la resolución 47/53 D de 9 de diciembre de 1992, en la que, entre otras cosas, decidió que la Campaña Mundial de Desarme fuera conocida en lo adelante como \"Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme\", y el Fondo Fiduciario para la Campaña Mundial de Desarme, como \"Fondo Fiduciario para el Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme\",", "Habiendo examinado los informes del Secretario General de 24 de agosto de 1993 sobre la ejecución del Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme[1], y de 22 de septiembre de 1993 sobre la Junta Consultiva en Asuntos de Desarme, referente a la ejecución del Programa de Información sobre Desarme, así como el Acta Final de la undécima Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Promesas de Contribuciones para el Programa, que tuvo lugar el 29 de octubre de 1993,", "Observando con reconocimiento las contribuciones que los Estados Miembros ya han aportado para el Programa,", "1. Acoge con beneplácito el informe del Secretario General de 24 de agosto de 1993 sobre el Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme¹;", "2. Encomia al Secretario General por las medidas que ha tomado para utilizar eficazmente los recursos de que dispone a fin de difundir en la mayor medida posible la información sobre la limitación de armamentos y el desarme entre funcionarios electos, medios de comunicación, organizaciones no gubernamentales, comunidades de enseñanza e institutos de investigación, así como de llevar a cabo un activo programa de seminarios y conferencias;", "3. Observa con reconocimiento las contribuciones a las actividades del Programa que han aportado los centros de información de las Naciones Unidas y los centros regionales de desarme;", "4. Recomienda que el Programa centre más su acción en los siguientes aspectos:", "a) Informar y educar al público de manera concreta, equilibrada y objetiva, para que tome conciencia de la importancia de la acción multilateral en la esfera de la limitación de armamentos y el desarme, y en particular de las medidas adoptadas por las Naciones Unidas y la Conferencia de Desarme, y apoye las actividades en la materia;", "b) Facilitar la libre circulación de ideas y el intercambio de información entre el sector público y grupos y organizaciones de interés público y servir de fuente independiente de información equilibrada y concreta, en que se tengan en cuenta diversas opiniones con el fin de fomentar un debate bien fundado sobre la limitación de los armamentos, el desarme y la seguridad;", "c) Organizar reuniones para facilitar el intercambio de opiniones y de información entre sectores gubernamentales y no gubernamentales y entre expertos gubernamentales y otros especialistas a fin de ayudar en la búsqueda de elementos comunes;", "5. Invita a todos los Estados Miembros a aportar contribuciones al Fondo Fiduciario para el Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme;", "6. Encomia al Secretario General por su apoyo a las actividades realizadas por universidades, otras instituciones académicas y organizaciones no gubernamentales que trabajan en el campo de la educación a fin de ampliar el acceso a la educación para el desarme, y lo invita a continuar su apoyo y cooperación, sin costo para el presupuesto ordinario de las Naciones Unidas, con instituciones educativas y organizaciones no gubernamentales que realicen actividades de esa índole;", "7. Decide que en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones se celebre la undécima Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Promesas de Contribuciones para el Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme y expresa la esperanza de que todos los Estados Miembros que aún no lo hayan hecho", "anuncien en esas ocasión sus contribuciones voluntarias, teniendo en cuenta los objetivos del Tercer Decenio de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarme y la necesidad de que culmine con éxito;", "8. Pide al Secretario General que le presente, en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones, un informe sobre la ejecución de las actividades del Programa en el sistema de las Naciones Unidas durante 1994 y las actividades previstas en el sistema para 1995;", "9. Decide también incluir en el programa provisional de su cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones un tema titulado \"Programa de las Naciones Unidas de Información sobre Desarme\".", "-----", "[1] A/48/326." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.20", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (c)", "REVIEW AND APPLICATION OF THE CLOSING DOCUMENT FOR THE TWENTY-SELF-SELF-FIRST", "SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: PROGRAMME", "ON DISARMAMENT", "Bangladesh, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Iran (Republic of)", "Mexico, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Ukraine and", "Venezuela: draft resolution", "United Nations Disarmament Information Programme", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its decision taken in 1982 at its twelfth special session, the second special session devoted to disarmament, to launch the World Disarmament Campaign,", "Bearing in mind its various relevant resolutions, including resolution 47/53 D of 9 December 1992, in which, inter alia, it decided that the World Disarmament Campaign would be known as the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme and the World Disarmament Campaign Trust Fund as the \"Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\",", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the implementation of the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme[1] and his report of 22 September 1993 on the work of the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters on the Programme, as well as the Final Act of the Eleventh United Nations Pledging Conference on the Programme, held on 29 October 1993,", "Noting with appreciation the contributions already made by Member States to the Programme,", "1.Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme;1", "2.Commends the Secretary-General for his efforts to make the best use of available resources to disseminate information on arms limitation and disarmament as widely as possible to elected officials, the media, non-governmental organizations, the academic community and research institutions, as well as to carry out a dynamic programme of seminars and conferences;", "3.Notes with appreciation the contributions made to the work of the Programme by the United Nations information centres and the regional disarmament centres;", "4.Recommends that the Programme focus its efforts on the following objectives:", "(a) To inform and educate the public in a practical, balanced and objective manner, in order to ensure that the public understands the importance of supporting multilateral action in the field of arms limitation and disarmament, including by the United Nations and the Conference on Disarmament;", "(b)Facilitate the free flow of ideas and information exchange between the public sector and public interest groups and bodies and constitute an independent source of balanced and concrete information, taking into account a wide range of views, in order to inform an informed debate on arms limitation, disarmament and security;", "(c)To organize meetings to facilitate the exchange of views and information between governmental and non-governmental sectors and between governmental and other experts, in order to facilitate the search for common ground;", "5.Invites all Member States to contribute to the Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme;", "6.Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for his support for the efforts of universities, other educational institutions and non-governmental organizations involved in education to develop disarmament education throughout the world, and invites him to continue to provide support and cooperation to educational institutions and non-governmental organizations that continue to do so, without resulting in expenditures under the regular budget of the United Nations;", "7.Decides to convene, at its forty-ninth session, a twelfth United Nations Pledging Conference for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme and expresses the hope that Member States that have not yet pledged voluntary contributions will do so on that occasion, taking into account the objectives of the Third Disarmament Decade and the need to ensure its success;", "8.Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a report on both the implementation of the activities of the United Nations system in 1994 and their plans for 1995;", "9.Decides also to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session an item entitled \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\".", "-----", "[1] A/48/326" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.1 / 48 / L.20", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (c)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CLOSURE DOCUMENT OF THE DURING", "OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: PROGRAMME OF THE", "OF DISARMAMENT INFORMATION", "Bangladesh, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Iran (Republic of)", "(Islamic Republic of), Mexico, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Ukraine and", "Venezuela: draft resolution", "United Nations Disarmament Information Programme", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling the decision taken in 1982 at its twelfth special session, the second special session devoted to disarmament, by which the World Disarmament Campaign was launched,", "Bearing in mind its various resolutions on the subject, including resolution 47 / 53 D of 9 December 1992, in which it decided, inter alia, that the World Disarmament Campaign should be known as \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme\" and the Trust Fund for the World Disarmament Campaign as \"Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme,\"", "Having considered the reports of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the implementation of the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme [1] and of 22 September 1993 on the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters on the implementation of the Programme for Disarmament Information, as well as the Final Act of the Eleventh United Nations Pledging Conference for the Programme, held on 29 October 1993,", "Noting with appreciation the contributions already made by Member States to the Programme,", "1.Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 24 August 1993 on the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme; 1", "2.Commends the Secretary-General for the measures he has taken to make effective use of the resources available to him to disseminate to the greatest extent possible information on arms limitation and disarmament to elected officials, the media, non-governmental organizations, educational communities and research institutes, as well as to carry out an active programme of seminars and conferences;", "3.Notes with appreciation the contributions made to the activities of the Programme by the United Nations information centres and the regional disarmament centres;", "4.Recommends that the Programme focus more on the following:", "(a)To inform and educate the public in a concrete, balanced and objective manner, to raise awareness of the importance of multilateral action in the field of arms control and disarmament, in particular the measures taken by the United Nations and the Conference on Disarmament, and to support activities in this regard;", "(b)To facilitate the free movement of ideas and the exchange of information between the public sector and groups and organizations of public interest and to serve as an independent source of balanced and concrete information, taking into account various views in order to promote a well-founded debate on arms control, disarmament and security;", "(c) Organize meetings to facilitate the exchange of views and information between governmental and non-governmental sectors and between governmental experts and other specialists to assist in the search for common elements;", "5.Invites all Member States to contribute to the Trust Fund for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme;", "6.Commends the Secretary-General for his support for the activities of universities, other academic institutions and non-governmental organizations working in the field of education in order to expand access to disarmament education, and invites him to continue his support and cooperation, at the cost of the United Nations regular budget, with educational institutions and non-governmental organizations engaged in such activities;", "7.Decides that the eleventh United Nations Pledging Conference for the United Nations Disarmament Information Programme will be held at its forty-ninth session and expresses the hope that all Member States that have not yet done so will be held at its forty-ninth session,", "announce on that occasion their voluntary contributions, taking into account the objectives of the Third United Nations Disarmament Decade and the need for its successful conclusion;", "8.Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a report on the implementation of the activities of the Programme in the United Nations system during 1994 and the activities planned for the system for 1995;", "9.Decides also to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-eighth session an item entitled \"United Nations Disarmament Information Programme.\"", "-----", "[1]A / 48 / 326." ]	"KLUv/WCHK+WOAArAbCVNgN6QOrVpZoNhQJiDe5QGWmljgF2hEZBTrz8UMGZ7SpVmBCMUkVIk2lIuQQXEJpG0iz8CKgweO71tbB2YQh/4tvDzVRnopc+wFaPoRROWAhcCJAJPPwQKUvCxwgFrWCAG6GO1S+oWVihpYJ5DyQ3x5h2lxPD3U+lWhZjOXAXqLS3tqTPrHHUWqTOaJ3W2gxOb83llCpQT1YTX/RDPju47B7HPM3KicgfzTBc0dTu6MI/WSEedOZSmdnwrS2cvV3JWH53J3I8+VdR9dBBzfdIAfTFdgD6Tj9KJpbPYRjKFTi1tijl1jU2fNpKp9MNlxBF5Yq4rtgdQwFeMAfq2MMJtYYRLA/SdQqHQKXTatlNpZPIR20ikkAlIyfTSPWpstpaQaXPZgPS2tfggbadTiDMKuYxEplLIBDPC1tvpE3PFAIMWoM+BGxBkNBjSBegriUoj0/bSJdKIZROVYkKmmFNMqNSysYSaBJbYRtpGJcSURB1q2UwxMKUWlt5EDeOykWJYSqKOETXLqOXlJdQwW7tspNAI2yfmnFtVtV1P5x5mCZtrkM7RVs7cAVtTaUxlfYFiFDJtpJHppQiX0uh0GpFIJZbeTNuItJlekDhtLUBcRt0DgZZSDV7o5bQdOY1CLUBcQt2jW0IuIyAjU+mIKD+2x4hnZaXTb1HcryptDxEhUYjItsGMSKOWIFyeMEAfCiacQiIUTEDgtI1cYoi4AGgD9BnhwMcIBz5fgL7T5lIasYRciJxcSiOYkEsQrgkA4ELF00rxvFI8LRTPC8XTOvG8TjxZy+PJNM8QHU+r43mZeFomnteK1lrRXjy0Fg/tpaK1VLRXitZK0V4oWgtFe51orRPt5dFaHu2laS1Ne3W0Vkd7mWgtE+210mmtdF48Oi0enZdKp6XSeaV0WimdF0qnhdJ5nXRaJ52Xp9PydF5ap6V1Xp1Oq9N5mXRaJp0Xj0ylxeOV0kr54aR18kOnpWWdl0nL5IcJAODChpjmDzRWhB/k2+etKj/R8M++daLcAzJIbiqGtcZmRaOPG9/n3JZ5BiUthrRS6g/pW5iXopWF1vZJZaofwxBHXiq9s+s3NfOUf2ll6afJvnKL+z7u/tbYaLTeDIWOCTlCmEfznMyDnfCq19icaNgj/hO2tevcwjwqOaf5LUhuXC2uIzUEQFAG6MNAgphnARzIAH093613EuYof3Sdr0NHVy561ylhdfs51VHC67fCvm5x7bcYyrgiao8yT0hlZ8497vnXMf379iV9GChIbrLYXQw/lXJO7Btp/YG/dejgKr253r4yUyzd/m2YFzHFleYZ6rEzbaXGZkVUY+NB0UDlpLkKm9XZ/TzTbn8lY2Npu/uc2TUeKzQHyY3LSAB3DSlOSAP0qeSgw4f8whmgL4udSe1GeJLK9gw7ZmzlKvb0rtGhjB870qz62/M7u/9X2hprEc9+15WrOXa+WdNvj467Gr1G6tFW+KYwYlnt+qfLSCvXT1Xecc5iH9Isu4V+aYU0+bO30qmMtrrFNH//9nNEPCkk19h+u8ZrjcdKp8aGfv+Vtmvvn/M5eeZK6LMx9fld5yYlsun26QNp/4ni/IbaW5LIfrqFeRTmqfph3kRxf2+I08LEi+rt0fUoaUxL6LM5iGH63HPWL8yL/bNtvn1f0pgam+vS92M7Z2uKSu6lA4qEJ+FXDJ+lI0arxHnWC/Ms/iA92udnIQHPqp2LrvWZocQ0tttP3XcJa8b6zqhzPWGO1k0kNx8vcWiOH7ka+7FP7lm56zjZU3IV0rfPyX6FHyWnzDMwr7PHRDwLaQ3C8xTsPJMjzLO/w1lIblxgfAH6OCsUZ4UqA/T16K7LrJK3L/Qe4nH9EutRY3Mx9ZVMSQw/CKpO7ySk0nb2Xk9R57guOYkxFxZtLLHjRwJsgD44RvisIHFiDdD3mW9ZdfqHJqtgnsV/oXcx0rcvXeJhIuZiYYY0vIgplQH6VhRvILcxQN/nwmZJ7m/XdVVRbn31U7Wi8tuFUDfCix6d2kdlVVcqJIOSZq7C7M7vS3Pq22X7tJXlnKXXZvhWiEOZEsJV3C4Tn+tbO2+XXIV06xItCpKbz4V9OZh3+ymra5rbftv8nBAe1y8D7cvAtzhjia/qOTT55ZTTqf1VrqqmlV5JXWWrywjzuDxhHpbTKa3XfneJeLbLF0tOzomS99ZOZX22vDd7TqWoTHn/rd2Vsae0ud779q+cEudO9ZQcbGsq9VhCOWHejy7RPpIbFwgGLAQIo4gaoO9zxAZLOMSb3dNHtar2EPscsZGfIQx1SYdIdG/qMu2svpXUt0bHd+tbYcX0JfdwZf+iSirEHuZ1jRek9iX1xY63vtBTV2K/DX/luLrEmMuKT86gAJU0QN9JAlPswIABGcPaH62r8uy6yrif5T5X7YuENP9oxzDU84t41zvztp96eyum+YZWEs/sARm80AB9NxgBIgMJAhqgryT6yjGsVVoK8/DKErGSjGW9clXjWXhVMG/lSMx1QQUPtCEkgjVA3wgmiNHDARMzQN/qbcfKj6+82QAkNx8UlV+5opIzH+I/WYF52WmNsqbaZ0seDZDcuOIgIAgENwswQJ8MIh01eFBBxU0lNzN8+PThi+zD9MR21lWumToCVQa+TFNnuUzXSZvw3IXQS2NRPx/2X1o5ldvoGf7PGmkRr/1+04f0c5fxldc+y2XXeR9Cl7Pjasc57PlBHOXWYXSY+dvKql1KFgHcfC4RD8J8bb7X+9L2KSn9K6vFsR1i/PZTtM66gnlvK/SOQ62s3X1O2o4GZqv8NAPreSarK1qhqEtUEPioYkZ1jhJ3eGb61G9XK7TSplL1Z2wpqc01lanEVHKyt0Q8SR/iXLH1rqszdhnCyrk9471yojqjmWZXnbokRY4Abj49rbfvEPt0tl3j4RUddQnKqwUzQJ8HH1ABayEFM/7Wj59nbhMeymNm+XV85XT5tbKa1fdZKZrfvhH7PKac2Paxf3Zsv6N5mnxvXvWn8vcO6EbMpUMQNIRwwwJjgD4vpHAhgAIUEAP0fWyG+ppy6Kq/VH6kMqfk4y5bVbNsnV8linMo/aP0FsnNx2boGcyz0id0lJzOyajsKmcF85rmjtKX+N7HtJPdXyEWwqMyBfO4LlersvkxnFdFXQbCPCuhfSynhP6jd6BqILlxsRDkCXwDBGKAPh6qmEGEkyJggL6PS/s4g4ao4qKedM6pGRERkSRJ0hhCCCAYFBBKE2HV7AESQHOJFqQYIsYQYsiIiIiIBCIiQSRJknTCIy4fRRabzzIX1wWlvXoJ6H35ae/vMh8aA40Wq2VgsAxzg1yJOko9nUVVRcscLJVfJrF6hAFw2WPwjUAR2E7uRcrnQfr1SKSPyiJ8/cJUTGxGgz1uoSnGCXwozihyfR7sQZCMsGN7i5QXoe4FLXwKKEkwLwSIzqN8jACMlK0LgoF+n/KsPGeAiBu7lOxTxcNBomgPY+cmUSKaeZ4Z731S0qLAnC1JaQUtYDYnmrY5qa4CND4CNPwGbjFmNo9lnm380EaotpB9xwa2S8geKqKln/APrkHfOBoOzgHMj9rwXo60q5iHzvhKHZz/O7UCtKPDPj4tVdidgInh7zo8iqekc94/Uk5ERNo+rIMWlJbLN1XTF3Jn0TLWQiPz11pk6rmnemOLgo9AzdwQWOlR1PM5sOL/tgZS407/q/XEDkATyzHUUUThbKjxl/KPZbf6OXhI1ZI6ovOwxhiHm3vxtJXcLmvtmkKQYdl7vmw9vGkeBePA6gIqx/UQ5B+QbbOTL0WB5GuU2PEVPwVvBfo+eomsMQO3Jm6lduN6gdNEnMvagGpbOOeBVL/Aw6CoV7zhBUbQSi1E+NMDhMhuPi8pYqQUMfGbSMdS8Va4imV7BvTkB9NwdeYwgc3CGRrZjlJqbJVxjLQLwMg9JtgDJtPfKApssgTdv1RlqBicpCoDVgKbWM9e5q7S7c47ml531cwoJagYAbKbjok20p6EUdY/RfLDwp53cpYwsbyVUlouvnozQdC1/4wIgGW5BlSvGU2CT/fYyAjZ5yQt4UkOgzIWI6q/xVQX4uJymMpSdaC1KZ/+DNX6cbBOrKr7LezByxqemiYRiSdPcqdAvAPI13GEVdp5CLNbjNEgh4+N65+5YwgV9xUr+ZmJlIwqYxFeMtSUcubY7Cxf8385dANZwK2GbCZAkuRWlDFqb48W+Y4QUD5DbYC0U7EaA3f+zQ8/54U+BmMmxE6hdGUzYYrmawU4q+xB5gUTWcLQuPxOSztMCbIiBSoq/Oyq4St6/4DVixttzlmMvbtypntIBe0Vh9v0ELemPHIL6BMehX9/sABHyDiQAXBgHowZJjuVpSyI3104xou6Lsh0yu8OnAe67OL8CwJnMyRi2E8YUzb+C1dME2055mXHubbkJJw1b+EUuPz1stSSQUCQPBS1KM/Yozw5L+JNDC/nzhUWLZeGrozj6wCXmAxKFi074APcgY7NUhWVINbo5BJRYkGI8bSreGMJ91W1959j2OeDbgSgWxFuL0TPYWLahwQWapOJSo+I+E7Gz0q2sUsBxxZTyHhhCFVPmVldLTMS1r5gs0iVQ3UntteeGmCrhq868WB2IgAYpVLgCYY3eTItdYRI/GKZ611Rz0hOblRwbDVJ+yeoKUyp9Q95SlAlJRWySfVKY16qQyx4zXroJ0EFKyFB9++T+Eui8exRwH1kMgY+amWtvi5mGypJ6MRBGua6AEKDwEL1rAUKPs5X1uIL09AIRN9JHHBQ2eXlYuAYSV6ch20j59zHrXxt8WsigjL9vjoFt/Qx1gau7gvqpSjayLgH55jdqIOBydUFIJ1hiV9hBAGw+iktzkW70+6SAIc0waLAzxxHUpr5EQo8vv44Zs8SjLn3MMKbnpzPqBX12BpZzUIPRkG9cwT/3jMGCvkSpQwtWcl3hsAnVNB0hhAKUEFIRFoRPHAEnu/CSp5Dr8s5VL21Sougafo0FkqmogqXGbFXeLEA5g/Rp/Ap5YCy4ZPDXX1dOlL5WS/Xc9qeig5ePaSxTwNDvcYqkSLWkI5MaQ4SQecZmhza3cZRSqSieZpXdyZP3iZQPMdbVRz1GzX/5e8PmBoqDdgy9Db+epq/8rQwbGUJB74tAIdD+bjfprccxqvtCl3M6mFJCS1CJ9kdd1EK/AHzFUPDDJQGwMvEdI6JywEFsrumUq6MFg44+MWhx5gBrzeZtoOh0XgqJ4dTTgBfzLZL3PKmAk2akMbH74jJQLIUaQvkk2VtO2qP+ZoBdTkGbLCyjGaJQ8zSIu/zQv9a7Pw2IHv7cqzx/LzVyQTs5U3Ier7k/ya6BtKTsb6P20dhtFO1BXXydpIne3NA+OmZSXBDVWS3N6XvOPVxfNHKP+9DGucADQ+j+JJcSuoJVItLrNRbqIcCX3IMBMEu1IYSPVQ1C6KI4i15nto+P8Kc4KWkfAipuuwE1wFvENyQPw6r4qy96WKS1NNTRLIPdfkmIl0JLEnSS1O+sKtAOKDgwjcAaRDg5xpIB4R+ygnP/cN8sIO+jgTljTwArNbu1Dcy6OkTV9YlWHaSxidHQEbuJsHszfixukSoVDpYaMWQElSTtsdqNnsLgFvtD40X7pcJLFId/I1FxRUze47tdEwASCFkmXJRTOYAuZxRZpIuKoc2JMrbSFLOt9cpSff9ZYWVb8huL7mKmo3TnwdcmxDgW/nx7vCOug/HHTxg4JQb4w/CheGSrBPH4nrphNRqQRqHwKZrk2QzCG/Ua4bloWTQHCjxeWfPOPv3pUE2QjimzFOxAdIVbOOA3UtGb2asiXQ6fitnElON7IuDab2wCsppkXpE3G9ScVX1EXtF0laGH2kgXwb0AEt7Ux0tpvSrc1awHEQEv3kaBw91uYICMzUnPL6LG5axmdCG4MTbG9yAgPAo3SXXAauCr5c0+B04UZkcZfqhXumq9w61JxuvylmZ7MatU5qGLSKAaxSmEUNQAXiS/EIOFghzHgIth7ZRzYFoEY7TBCk9EJFEZmhZANv6JIaRD8OBAcm+O3y+VJop0BBMK56LjHHHgnAXDP1wGHLtca1DSQu6hbqJw1hkh6wzZiCZxss2ySz0yNGeAma2Ag=="
"4lqj0RAUUQAyBJNgc8cOdIsBN8cN0X8Em/W+ASJk3ZY="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26689", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. LETTER DATED 3 NOVEMBER 1993 FROM THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL", "In recent reports to the Security Council concerning the work of the United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL), I have brought to the attention of the Council some worrying developments in the implementation of the Peace Accords between the Government of El Salvador and the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN), as well as in the electoral process, which ONUSAL was mandated to observe by the Security Council in resolution 832 (1993).", "Among these developments has been the persistence of serious human rights violations which was reported by the Division of Human Rights of ONUSAL in its eighth report covering the period from 1 May to 31 July 1993 (S/26416 of 15 September 1993, para. VI, 1). In that report, the Director of the Division noted in particular that politically motivated violations had become more open, a development made more serious in view of the forthcoming electoral process (ibid., para. VI, 2). These concerns about the human rights situation were also mentioned in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Commission on the Truth (S/26581 of 14 October 1993). In the context of the Commission's recommendation for the investigation of illegal groups (S/25500, Annex, V, II, C.), the report noted that cases of arbitrary executions over the past few months gave ground for concern that illegal groups were operating, whose methods seemed to repeat behavioural patterns prevailing in the past (S/26581, annex, para. 32).", "On 25 October, I learned with shock and profound sadness of the execution, in death squad-style, of a leader of the FMLN. That assassination was followed on 30 October by the murder of another leading member of the FMLN. These killings have generated apprehension in El Salvador and the international community at large. They substantiate the concerns referred to in the above-mentioned reports and call for vigorous investigation. They also confirm the need for immediate implementation of the recommendation of the Commission on the Truth regarding investigation of illegal groups. I have, therefore, decided to instruct the Director of the Division of Human Rights of ONUSAL, with supplementary expert assistance as needed, to work with those concerned in order to assist the Government in implementing the recommendation of the Commission on the Truth that a thorough investigation of private armed groups be undertaken immediately. While the responsibility for implementation of that recommendation", "93-60697 (E) 031193 /...", "lies with the Government, it is my view that the National Counsel for the Defence of Human Rights, within its responsibilities under the Constitution, could also play an important role.", "Recent developments have also brought out the need to accelerate the implementation of other recommendations of the Commission on the Truth relating to the eradication of structural causes linked to human rights violations that occurred during the civil war and also to institutional reforms to prevent the repetition of such acts.", "I should also like to recall the difficulties relating to the formation and deployment of the National Civil Police which I described in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Commission on the Truth (S/25500, annex, para. 30). In addition to the fact that the deployment of the new police is far behind the schedule established in the Peace Accords, ONUSAL has met with persistent difficulties in carrying out its task of verifying that only individuals meeting certain criteria are recruited to the National Civil Police. Furthermore, the above-mentioned report stated that members of the Special Antidrug Unit of the National Police had already joined the National Civil Police even though ONUSAL had not yet been able to verify their suitability.", "I should like to stress that the agreements relating to the creation of an exclusively civilian police are a key component of the Peace Accords. The Truth Commission also emphasized the need to ensure that there were no links between the National Civil Police and the former security bodies or any other branch of the armed forces (S/25500, Annex, II.B). It is therefore essential that the provisions of the Peace Accords regarding the National Academy for Public Security and the National Civil Police should be scrupulously fulfilled. Together with other reforms, they will establish a framework conducive to national reconciliation and observance of human rights. ONUSAL must be allowed to carry out its verification mandate unimpeded.", "Finally, I should like to recall the delays and difficulties which I described in my first periodic report on the electoral process (S/26606 of 20 October). The forthcoming elections in El Salvador are to be the culmination of the whole peace process. It is essential to the credibility of the electoral process that the registration of voters should be as comprehensive as possible. Accordingly, it is my hope that the Government of El Salvador and the institutions involved in the registration process will make every effort, with the assistance of ONUSAL, to overcome existing deficiencies and ensure that all eligible Salvadorians have an opportunity to be duly registered so that they can play a full part in deciding the future of their country.", "Under the timetable initially agreed upon by the parties, implementation of most provisions of the Peace Accords should have been completed before the general elections in March 1994. Delays in implementation will, however, make it impossible to reach that objective in some areas, in particular the phasing out of the National Police and full deployment of the National Civil Police. There are also considerable delays in the transfer of lands and other reintegration programmes. But the recent murders have brought into sharper focus the need to accelerate the implementation of the Accords in order to set the stage for a genuinely free and fair electoral process. At a high-level meeting on 8 September 1993, in which ONUSAL participated, the Government and the FMLN agreed on the need to step up the implementation process with a view to \"sweeping the table clean\" before 20 November 1993, when the electoral campaign will begin. I fully share that sense of urgency and have requested my Special Representative in El Salvador to exercise the utmost diligence in promoting a comprehensive implementation of the Peace Accords by the target dates agreed upon by the parties.", "I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to bring this information to the attention of the Members of the Security Council.", "(Signed) Boutros BOUTROS-GHALI", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire. Distr.", "GENERALE", "S/26689", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. LETTRE DATEE DU 3 NOVEMBRE 1993, ADRESSEE AU PRESIDENT DU", "CONSEIL DE SECURITE PAR LE SECRETAIRE GENERAL", "Dans mes derniers rapports sur les activités de la Mission d'observation des Nations Unies en El Salvador (ONUSAL), j'ai signalé à l'attention du Conseil un certain nombre de faits inquiétants, tant en ce qui concerne l'application des Accords de paix entre le Gouvernement salvadorien et le Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN) que le déroulement du processus électoral que le Conseil de sécurité, par sa résolution 832 (1993), a chargé l'ONUSAL d'observer.", "L'un de ces faits a été la persistance de graves atteintes aux droits de l'homme rapportée par la Division des droits de l'homme de l'ONUSAL dans son huitième rapport, qui portait sur la période allant du 1er mai au 31 juillet 1993 (S/26416 du 15 septembre 1993, par. 1 de la section VI). Le Directeur de la Division y notait en particulier que les violations pour des motifs politiques se faisaient plus ouvertement, ce qui est d'autant plus grave si l'on considère l'approche des élections (ibid. par. 2 de la section VI). J'avais moi-même exprimé les mêmes préoccupations à propos du respect des droits de l'homme dans mon rapport sur l'application des recommandations de la Commission de la vérité (S/26581 du 14 octobre 1993). A propos de l'enquête sur les groupes illégaux à laquelle la Commission a recommandé de procéder (S/25500, titre 2.C de la section V de l'annexe), je notais dans mon rapport que les exécutions arbitraires qui avaient eu lieu dans les derniers mois donnaient à craindre que des groupes illégaux ne soient à l'oeuvre et qu'ils n'utilisent des méthodes rappelant celles qui prévalaient autrefois.", "Le 25 octobre, j'ai appris avec consternation et une profonde tristesse l'exécution d'un des dirigeants du FMLN, à la manière des escadrons de la mort‑assassinat qui a été suivi, le 30 octobre, de celui d'un autre membre de l'équipe dirigeante du FMLN. Ces meurtres ont suscité des craintes en El Salvador et dans la communauté internationale. Ils viennent confirmer que les inquiétudes dont faisaient état les rapports susmentionnés sont justifiées, et ils doivent faire l'objet d'enquêtes rigoureuses. Ils confirment également qu'il faut appliquer immédiatement la recommandation de la Commission de la vérité concernant la nécessité d'enquêter sur les groupes illégaux. J'ai donc décidé de charger le Directeur de la Division des droits de l'homme de l'ONUSAL de s'employer, en collaboration avec les intéressés et en s'adjoignant des experts, selon qu'il y aura lieu, à aider le Gouvernement à entreprendre immédiatement une enquête approfondie sur les groupes illégaux, comme l'a recommandé la Commission de la vérité. S'il est vrai que c'est au Gouvernement qu'incombe la responsabilité d'appliquer cette recommandation, je pense que le Procureur national chargé de la défense des droits de l'homme pourrait également, dans le cadre des attributions que lui confère la Constitution, jouer un rôle important.", "Il ressort également de l'évolution récente de la situation qu'il faut accélérer l'application de certaines autres recommandations de la Commission de la vérité, relatives, d'une part, à l'élimination des causes structurelles des atteintes aux droits de l'homme survenues pendant la guerre civile, et, d'autre part, à la réforme des institutions sans laquelle on ne saurait éviter que de tels actes ne se reproduisent.", "Je tiens aussi à rappeler les difficultés décrites dans mon rapport sur l'application des recommandations de la Commission de la vérité (S/26581, par. 30 de l'annexe) quant à la constitution et à la mise en place de la police civile nationale. Non seulement le déploiement des nouvelles forces de police est très en retard sur le calendrier fixé par les Accords de paix, mais l'ONUSAL n'a pas cessé de se heurter à des difficultés dans l'exécution de la tâche qui lui a été confiée de vérifier que la police civile nationale ne recrute que des individus répondant à certains critères. De plus, le rapport susmentionné signalait que certains éléments du Groupe de lutte contre les stupéfiants avaient déjà été enrôlés dans la police civile nationale, en dépit du fait que l'ONUSAL n'avait pas encore été en mesure de vérifier s'ils y étaient qualifiés.", "Qu'il me soit permis de souligner que ce qui a été convenu en ce qui concerne la création d'une police constituée exclusivement de civils constitue un des éléments essentiels des Accords de paix. La Commission de la vérité a également insisté sur la nécessité de faire en sorte qu'il n'existe aucun lien entre la police civile nationale et les anciens corps de sécurité publique ou toute autre branche des forces armées (S/25500, titre 2.B de l'annexe). Il est donc capital que soient strictement appliquées les dispositions des Accords de paix relatives à l'Académie nationale de sécurité publique et à la police civile nationale. Associées à d'autres réformes, ces dispositions créeront un cadre propice à la réconciliation nationale et au respect des droits de l'homme. Il faut absolument permettre à l'ONUSAL de s'acquitter sans entrave de sa mission de vérification.", "Je rappelle enfin les retards et les difficultés que j'ai exposés dans mon premier rapport périodique sur le déroulement du processus électoral (S/26606 du 20 octobre). Les élections qui doivent bientôt avoir lieu en El Salvador doivent être le point culminant de tout le processus de paix. Il est absolument indispensable pour la crédibilité du processus électoral que l'inscription des électeurs soit aussi générale que possible. C'est pourquoi je compte que le Gouvernement salvadorien et les institutions qui interviennent dans la constitution des listes électorales mettront tout en oeuvre, avec l'aide de l'ONUSAL, pour combler les carences actuelles et faire en sorte que tous les Salvadoriens remplissant les conditions requises aient la possibilité de s'inscrire en bonne et due forme et de jouer pleinement le rôle qui leur revient dans le choix de l'avenir de leur pays.", "Selon le calendrier initialement convenu par les parties, l'application de la plupart des dispositions des Accords de paix aurait dû être menée à bien avant les élections générales de mars 1994. Or, en raison des retards rencontrés dans la pratique, cet objectif sera impossible à atteindre dans certains domaines, notamment en ce qui concerne la dissolution progressive de la police nationale et l'achèvement de la mise en place de la police civile nationale. Le programme de redistribution des terres et d'autres programmes de réintégration ont également pris un retard considérable. Néanmoins, les récents assassinats ont fait ressortir plus clairement la nécessité d'accélérer l'application des Accords afin de préparer le terrain pour des élections véritablement libres et justes. Le 8 septembre 1993, lors d'une réunion de haut niveau à laquelle l'ONUSAL a participé, le Gouvernement et le FMLN se sont accordés à reconnaître qu'il fallait accélérer l'application des Accords afin d'avoir \"fait table rase\" avant le 20 novembre 1993, date du lancement de la campagne électorale. Etant tout aussi convaincu qu'il faut agir vite, j'ai demandé à mon Représentant spécial en El Salvador de faire preuve de la plus grande diligence dans l'action qu'il mène pour que les Accords de paix soient complètement appliqués aux dates convenues par les parties.", "Je vous serais obligé de bien vouloir porter ces informations à la l'attention des membres du Conseil de sécurité.", "Le Secrétaire général", "(Signé) Boutros BOUTROS-GHALI" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26689", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. LETTER DATED 3 NOVEMBER 1993 FROM THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL", "In recent reports to the Security Council concerning the work of the United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL), I have brought to the attention of the Council some worrying developments in the implementation of the Peace Accords between the Government of El Salvador and the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN), as well as in the electoral process, which ONUSAL was mandated to observe by the Security Council in resolution 832 (1993).", "Among these developments has been the persistence of serious human rights violations which was reported by the Division of Human Rights of ONUSAL in its eighth report covering the period from 1 May to 31 July 1993 (S/26416 of 15 September 1993, para. VI, 1). In that report, the Director of the Division noted in particular that politically motivated violations had become more open, a development made more serious in view of the forthcoming electoral process (ibid., para. VI, 2). These concerns about the human rights situation were also mentioned in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Commission on the Truth (S/26581 of 14 October 1993). In the context of the Commission's recommendation for the investigation of illegal groups (S/25500, Annex, V, II, C.), the report noted that cases of arbitrary executions over the past few months gave ground for concern that illegal groups were operating, whose methods seemed to repeat behavioural patterns prevailing in the past (S/26581, annex, para. 32).", "On 25 October, I learned with shock and profound sadness of the execution, in death squad-style, of a leader of the FMLN. That assassination was followed on 30 October by the murder of another leading member of the FMLN. These killings have generated apprehension in El Salvador and the international community at large. They substantiate the concerns referred to in the above-mentioned reports and call for vigorous investigation. They also confirm the need for immediate implementation of the recommendation of the Commission on the Truth regarding investigation of illegal groups. I have, therefore, decided to instruct the Director of the Division of Human Rights of ONUSAL, with supplementary expert assistance as needed, to work with those concerned in order to assist the Government in implementing the recommendation of the Commission on the Truth that a thorough investigation of private armed groups be undertaken immediately. While the responsibility for implementation of that recommendation", "93-60697 (E) 031193 /...", "lies with the Government, it is my view that the National Counsel for the Defence of Human Rights, within its responsibilities under the Constitution, could also play an important role.", "Recent developments have also brought out the need to accelerate the implementation of other recommendations of the Commission on the Truth relating to the eradication of structural causes linked to human rights violations that occurred during the civil war and also to institutional reforms to prevent the repetition of such acts.", "I should also like to recall the difficulties relating to the formation and deployment of the National Civil Police which I described in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Commission on the Truth (S/25500, annex, para. 30). In addition to the fact that the deployment of the new police is far behind the schedule established in the Peace Accords, ONUSAL has met with persistent difficulties in carrying out its task of verifying that only individuals meeting certain criteria are recruited to the National Civil Police. Furthermore, the above-mentioned report stated that members of the Special Antidrug Unit of the National Police had already joined the National Civil Police even though ONUSAL had not yet been able to verify their suitability.", "I should like to stress that the agreements relating to the creation of an exclusively civilian police are a key component of the Peace Accords. The Truth Commission also emphasized the need to ensure that there were no links between the National Civil Police and the former security bodies or any other branch of the armed forces (S/25500, Annex, II.B). It is therefore essential that the provisions of the Peace Accords regarding the National Academy for Public Security and the National Civil Police should be scrupulously fulfilled. Together with other reforms, they will establish a framework conducive to national reconciliation and observance of human rights. ONUSAL must be allowed to carry out its verification mandate unimpeded.", "Finally, I should like to recall the delays and difficulties which I described in my first periodic report on the electoral process (S/26606 of 20 October). The forthcoming elections in El Salvador are to be the culmination of the whole peace process. It is essential to the credibility of the electoral process that the registration of voters should be as comprehensive as possible. Accordingly, it is my hope that the Government of El Salvador and the institutions involved in the registration process will make every effort, with the assistance of ONUSAL, to overcome existing deficiencies and ensure that all eligible Salvadorians have an opportunity to be duly registered so that they can play a full part in deciding the future of their country.", "Under the timetable initially agreed upon by the parties, implementation of most provisions of the Peace Accords should have been completed before the general elections in March 1994. Delays in implementation will, however, make it impossible to reach that objective in some areas, in particular the phasing out of the National Police and full deployment of the National Civil Police. There are also considerable delays in the transfer of lands and other reintegration programmes. But the recent murders have brought into sharper focus the need to accelerate the implementation of the Accords in order to set the stage for a genuinely free and fair electoral process. At a high-level meeting on 8 September 1993, in which ONUSAL participated, the Government and the FMLN agreed on the need to step up the implementation process with a view to \"sweeping the table clean\" before 20 November 1993, when the electoral campaign will begin. I fully share that sense of urgency and have requested my Special Representative in El Salvador to exercise the utmost diligence in promoting a comprehensive implementation of the Peace Accords by the target dates agreed upon by the parties.", "I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to bring this information to the attention of the Members of the Security Council.", "(Signed) Boutros BOUTROS-GHALI", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary.Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26689", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.LETTER DATED 3 NOVEMBER 1993 FROM THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE", "SECURITY COUNCIL BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "In my recent reports on the activities of the United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL), I have brought to the attention of the Council a number of disturbing developments, both in the implementation of the Peace Agreements between the Government of El Salvador and the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN) and in the conduct of the electoral process mandated by the Security Council in its resolution 832 (1993) to ONUSAL.", "One such incident was the continuing serious human rights violations reported by the Human Rights Division of ONUSAL in its eighth report covering the period from 1 May to 31 July 1993 (S/26416 of 15 September 1993, para.The Director of the Division noted in particular that political violations were more openly occurring, which was all the more serious in considering the approach to elections (ibid.).Section VI, paragraph (2).I myself had expressed the same concerns about respect for human rights in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Commission on the Truth (S/26581 of 14 October 1993).With regard to the investigation into illegal groups recommended by the Commission (S/25500, item 2 C of section V of the annex), I noted in my report that the arbitrary executions that had taken place in recent months raised concerns that illegal groups might be at work and that they would use methods that recalled those that had existed in the past.", "On October 25, I learned with dismay and deep sadness the execution of one of the FMLN leaders, as the death-killing squadrons were followed on October 30, by another member of the FMLN leadership team.These killings have raised fears in El Salvador and the international community.They confirm that the concerns raised in the above-mentioned reports are justified and must be investigated rigorously.They also confirm the need for immediate implementation of the Truth Commission's recommendation regarding the need to investigate illegal groups.I therefore decided to entrust the Director of the Human Rights Division of ONUSAL with the task of working with the concerned parties and with the assistance of experts, as appropriate, to assist the Government in undertaking an immediate and thorough investigation of illegal groups, as recommended by the Truth Commission.While it is the Government's responsibility to implement this recommendation, I believe that the National Human Rights Procurator could also play an important role in the exercise of his constitutional mandate.", "Recent developments also indicate that the implementation of certain other recommendations of the Truth Commission must be accelerated, on the one hand, with regard to the elimination of the structural causes of human rights violations during the civil war, and, on the other hand, with regard to institutional reform, without which such acts cannot be prevented from happening again.", "I would also like to recall the difficulties described in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Truth Commission (S/26581, annex, para. 30) with regard to the constitution and establishment of the national civilian police.Not only is the deployment of the new police forces very late on the timetable set by the Peace Agreements, but ONUSAL has continued to face difficulties in carrying out the task entrusted to it to verify that the national civilian police recruit only individuals who meet certain criteria.Furthermore, the above-mentioned report indicated that some elements of the Counter-Narcotics Unit had already been recruited into the national civilian police, despite the fact that ONUSAL had not yet been able to verify their qualifications.", "Allow me to stress that what has been agreed upon with regard to the establishment of a police composed exclusively of civilians is one of the essential elements of the Peace Agreements.The Truth Commission also stressed the need to ensure that there is no link between the national civilian police and the former public security forces or any other branch of the armed forces (S/25500, item 2.B of the annex).It is therefore crucial that the provisions of the Peace Agreements relating to the National Public Security Academy and the National Civil Police be strictly implemented.Together with other reforms, these provisions will create a framework conducive to national reconciliation and respect for human rights.It is essential that ONUSAL be able to carry out its verification mission without hindrance.", "Finally, I recall the delays and difficulties I have outlined in my first periodic report on the electoral process (S/26606 of 20 October).The upcoming elections in El Salvador should be the culmination of the entire peace process.It is absolutely essential for the credibility of the electoral process that voter registration be as general as possible.I therefore expect that the Government of El Salvador and the institutions involved in the constitution of the electoral lists will make every effort, with the assistance of ONUSAL, to fill the current shortcomings and ensure that all eligible Salvadorans have the opportunity to register in a proper manner and to play their full role in the choice of their country's future.", "According to the timetable initially agreed by the parties, the implementation of most of the provisions of the Peace Agreements should have been completed before the general elections in March 1994.However, due to the delays in practice, this objective will be impossible to achieve in certain areas, particularly with regard to the gradual dissolution of the national police and the completion of the establishment of the national civilian police.The land redistribution programme and other reintegration programmes have also been significantly delayed.However, recent assassinations have made it more clear that the implementation of the Agreements must be accelerated in order to prepare the ground for truly free and fair elections.On 8 September 1993, at a high-level meeting attended by ONUSAL, the Government and FMLN agreed that the implementation of the Agreements should be accelerated in order to \"have a clean table\" before 20 November 1993, when the election campaign was launched.I have also been convinced that action is needed quickly and have called upon my Special Representative in El Salvador to exercise the utmost diligence in his efforts to ensure that the Peace Agreements are fully implemented at the dates agreed upon by the parties.", "I should be grateful if you would bring this information to the attention of the members of the Security Council.", "The Secretary-General", "(Signed) Boutros BOUTROS-GHALI" ]	"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"
"wE2si/cIoIeGJS1XU6icbbRSLZ7wJYkbJVJhGdkhkws="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26689", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. LETTER DATED 3 NOVEMBER 1993 FROM THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL", "In recent reports to the Security Council concerning the work of the United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL), I have brought to the attention of the Council some worrying developments in the implementation of the Peace Accords between the Government of El Salvador and the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN), as well as in the electoral process, which ONUSAL was mandated to observe by the Security Council in resolution 832 (1993).", "Among these developments has been the persistence of serious human rights violations which was reported by the Division of Human Rights of ONUSAL in its eighth report covering the period from 1 May to 31 July 1993 (S/26416 of 15 September 1993, para. VI, 1). In that report, the Director of the Division noted in particular that politically motivated violations had become more open, a development made more serious in view of the forthcoming electoral process (ibid., para. VI, 2). These concerns about the human rights situation were also mentioned in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Commission on the Truth (S/26581 of 14 October 1993). In the context of the Commission's recommendation for the investigation of illegal groups (S/25500, Annex, V, II, C.), the report noted that cases of arbitrary executions over the past few months gave ground for concern that illegal groups were operating, whose methods seemed to repeat behavioural patterns prevailing in the past (S/26581, annex, para. 32).", "On 25 October, I learned with shock and profound sadness of the execution, in death squad-style, of a leader of the FMLN. That assassination was followed on 30 October by the murder of another leading member of the FMLN. These killings have generated apprehension in El Salvador and the international community at large. They substantiate the concerns referred to in the above-mentioned reports and call for vigorous investigation. They also confirm the need for immediate implementation of the recommendation of the Commission on the Truth regarding investigation of illegal groups. I have, therefore, decided to instruct the Director of the Division of Human Rights of ONUSAL, with supplementary expert assistance as needed, to work with those concerned in order to assist the Government in implementing the recommendation of the Commission on the Truth that a thorough investigation of private armed groups be undertaken immediately. While the responsibility for implementation of that recommendation", "93-60697 (E) 031193 /...", "lies with the Government, it is my view that the National Counsel for the Defence of Human Rights, within its responsibilities under the Constitution, could also play an important role.", "Recent developments have also brought out the need to accelerate the implementation of other recommendations of the Commission on the Truth relating to the eradication of structural causes linked to human rights violations that occurred during the civil war and also to institutional reforms to prevent the repetition of such acts.", "I should also like to recall the difficulties relating to the formation and deployment of the National Civil Police which I described in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Commission on the Truth (S/25500, annex, para. 30). In addition to the fact that the deployment of the new police is far behind the schedule established in the Peace Accords, ONUSAL has met with persistent difficulties in carrying out its task of verifying that only individuals meeting certain criteria are recruited to the National Civil Police. Furthermore, the above-mentioned report stated that members of the Special Antidrug Unit of the National Police had already joined the National Civil Police even though ONUSAL had not yet been able to verify their suitability.", "I should like to stress that the agreements relating to the creation of an exclusively civilian police are a key component of the Peace Accords. The Truth Commission also emphasized the need to ensure that there were no links between the National Civil Police and the former security bodies or any other branch of the armed forces (S/25500, Annex, II.B). It is therefore essential that the provisions of the Peace Accords regarding the National Academy for Public Security and the National Civil Police should be scrupulously fulfilled. Together with other reforms, they will establish a framework conducive to national reconciliation and observance of human rights. ONUSAL must be allowed to carry out its verification mandate unimpeded.", "Finally, I should like to recall the delays and difficulties which I described in my first periodic report on the electoral process (S/26606 of 20 October). The forthcoming elections in El Salvador are to be the culmination of the whole peace process. It is essential to the credibility of the electoral process that the registration of voters should be as comprehensive as possible. Accordingly, it is my hope that the Government of El Salvador and the institutions involved in the registration process will make every effort, with the assistance of ONUSAL, to overcome existing deficiencies and ensure that all eligible Salvadorians have an opportunity to be duly registered so that they can play a full part in deciding the future of their country.", "Under the timetable initially agreed upon by the parties, implementation of most provisions of the Peace Accords should have been completed before the general elections in March 1994. Delays in implementation will, however, make it impossible to reach that objective in some areas, in particular the phasing out of the National Police and full deployment of the National Civil Police. There are also considerable delays in the transfer of lands and other reintegration programmes. But the recent murders have brought into sharper focus the need to accelerate the implementation of the Accords in order to set the stage for a genuinely free and fair electoral process. At a high-level meeting on 8 September 1993, in which ONUSAL participated, the Government and the FMLN agreed on the need to step up the implementation process with a view to \"sweeping the table clean\" before 20 November 1993, when the electoral campaign will begin. I fully share that sense of urgency and have requested my Special Representative in El Salvador to exercise the utmost diligence in promoting a comprehensive implementation of the Peace Accords by the target dates agreed upon by the parties.", "I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to bring this information to the attention of the Members of the Security Council.", "(Signed) Boutros BOUTROS-GHALI", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26689", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "CARTA DE FECHA 3 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 1993 DIRIGIDA AL PRESIDENTE", "DEL CONSEJO DE SEGURIDAD POR EL SECRETARIO GENERAL DE LAS", "NACIONES UNIDAS", "En recientes informes al Consejo de Seguridad sobre la labor de la Misión de Observadores de las Naciones Unidas en El Salvador (ONUSAL) he señalado a la atención del Consejo algunas tendencias preocupantes que pueden afectar a la aplicación de los Acuerdos de Paz entre el Gobierno de El Salvador y el Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN), así como al proceso electoral, que la ONUSAL está encargada de observar, en virtud del mandato conferido por la resolución 832 (1993) del Consejo de Seguridad.", "Una de esas tendencias ha sido la persistencia de graves violaciones de los derechos humanos, de las que dio cuenta la División de Derechos Humanos de la ONUSAL en su octavo informe, correspondiente al período comprendido entre el 1º de mayo y el 31 de julio de 1993 (S/26416, de 15 de septiembre de 1993, párr. VI.1). En ese informe, el Director de la División señaló en particular que las violaciones de los derechos humanos con motivación política se habían vuelto más directas, lo que resultaba todavía más grave teniendo en cuenta la inminencia del proceso electoral (ibíd., párr. VI.2). Esas inquietudes relacionadas con la situación de los derechos humanos se mencionaron también en mi informe sobre la aplicación de las recomendaciones de la Comisión sobre la Verdad (S/26581, de 14 de octubre de 1993). En el contexto de la recomendación de la Comisión de que se realice una investigación sobre los grupos ilegales (S/25500, anexo, V, II, C), se señaló en el informe que los casos de ejecuciones arbitrarias ocurridos en los últimos meses habían hecho nacer la preocupación de que existieran grupos ilegales cuyos métodos parecían repetir las pautas de conducta que habían imperado anteriormente (S/26581, anexo, párr. 32).", "El 25 de octubre me enteré, con consternación y profunda tristeza, de la ejecución, al estilo de los escuadrones de la muerte, de un dirigente del FMLN. Ese asesinato fue seguido el 30 de octubre por el de otro miembro prominente del FMLN. Esas muertes han suscitado grandes temores en El Salvador y en toda la comunidad internacional. Son hechos que fundamentan las preocupaciones mencionadas en los referidos informes y exigen una investigación a fondo.", "________________________", " Publicado nuevamente por razones técnicas.", "Confirman asimismo la necesidad de aplicar inmediatamente la recomendación de la Comisión sobre la Verdad de que se realice una investigación sobre los grupos ilegales. Por consiguiente, he decidido encomendar al Director de la División de Derechos Humanos de la ONUSAL que, con la asistencia suplementaria de expertos que sea necesaria, trabaje en cooperación con los interesados para ayudar al Gobierno a aplicar la recomendación de la Comisión sobre la Verdad de que se realice inmediatamente una investigación a fondo sobre los grupos armados privados. Aunque incumbe al Gobierno la responsabilidad de aplicar esa recomendación, considero que el Procurador Nacional para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos también podría desempeñar un papel importante, en el marco de sus responsabilidades dimanantes de la Constitución.", "Los hechos ocurridos en los últimos tiempos también han puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de acelerar la aplicación de otras recomendaciones de la Comisión sobre la Verdad relativas a la erradicación de las causas estructurales de las violaciones de los derechos humanos ocurridas durante la guerra civil y a las reformas institucionales necesarias para impedir la repetición de esos actos.", "Quisiera asimismo recordar las dificultades relacionadas con la formación y el despliegue de la Policía Nacional Civil, que describí en mi informe sobre la aplicación de las recomendaciones de la Comisión sobre la Verdad (S/25500, anexo, párr. 30). El despliegue de la nueva policía se ha retrasado considerablemente respecto de los plazos establecidos en los Acuerdos de Paz, y, además, la ONUSAL ha encontrado persistentes dificultades para realizar su tarea de verificar que sólo se reclute para la Policía Nacional Civil a personas que reúnan ciertos requisitos. Además, en el informe mencionado se señaló que ya se habían incorporado a la Policía Nacional Civil miembros de la Unidad Especial Antidroga, a pesar de que la ONUSAL no había podido todavía comprobar su idoneidad.", "Quisiera destacar que los acuerdos relativos a la creación de una policía exclusivamente civil constituyen un componente fundamental de los Acuerdos de Paz. La Comisión sobre la Verdad subrayó también la necesidad de garantizar que la Policía Nacional Civil no tuviera vínculos con los antiguos órganos de seguridad ni con ninguna otra rama de las fuerzas armadas (S/25500, anexo, II, B). Es, pues, esencial que se cumplan escrupulosamente las disposiciones de los Acuerdos de Paz relativos a la Academia Nacional de Seguridad Pública y a la Policía Nacional Civil. Esas disposiciones, junto con otras reformas, han de establecer un marco que propicie la reconciliación nacional y el respeto de los derechos humanos. La ONUSAL ha de poder desempeñar sin trabas su mandato de verificación.", "Por último, quisiera recordar las demoras y dificultades que describí en mi primer informe periódico sobre el proceso electoral (S/26606, de 20 de octubre). Las elecciones que van a celebrarse en El Salvador han de ser la culminación de todo el proceso de paz. Es esencial para la credibilidad del proceso electoral que el censo de votantes sea lo más completo posible. Por consiguiente, espero que el Gobierno de El Salvador y las instituciones que participan en el proceso de inscripción de votantes hagan todo lo posible, con la asistencia de la ONUSAL, por superar las deficiencias existentes y velen por que todos los salvadoreños en edad de votar tengan la oportunidad de inscribirse debidamente para participar en la consulta electoral en la que se decidirá el futuro de su país.", "Según el calendario acordado inicialmente por las partes, la mayoría de las disposiciones de los Acuerdos de Paz deberían haberse aplicado antes de las elecciones generales de marzo de 1994. Sin embargo, las demoras ocurridas harán imposible la consecución de ese objetivo en algunos aspectos, en particular en lo que se refiere a la eliminación gradual de la Policía Nacional y al despliegue completo de la Policía Nacional Civil. También se han registrado considerables demoras en las transferencias de tierras y otros programas de reinserción. Sin embargo, los recientes asesinatos han puesto claramente de manifiesto la necesidad de acelerar la aplicación de los Acuerdos para sentar las bases de un proceso electoral verdaderamente libre e imparcial. En una reunión de alto nivel celebrada el 8 de septiembre de 1993, en la que participó la ONUSAL, el Gobierno y el FMLN convinieron en la necesidad de acelerar el proceso de aplicación con el fin de allanar todos los obstáculos antes del 20 de noviembre de 1993, fecha en que ha de empezar la campaña electoral. Estoy plenamente de acuerdo en la urgencia de esas medidas, por lo que he pedido a mi Representante Especial en El Salvador que haga cuanto esté en su mano por promover la aplicación completa de los Acuerdos de Paz en los plazos acordados entre las partes.", "Le agradecería que pusiera esta información en conocimiento de los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad.", "(Firmado) Boutros BOUTROS-GHALI", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26689", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. LETTER DATED 3 NOVEMBER 1993 FROM THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL", "In recent reports to the Security Council concerning the work of the United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL), I have brought to the attention of the Council some worrying developments in the implementation of the Peace Accords between the Government of El Salvador and the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN), as well as in the electoral process, which ONUSAL was mandated to observe by the Security Council in resolution 832 (1993).", "Among these developments has been the persistence of serious human rights violations which was reported by the Division of Human Rights of ONUSAL in its eighth report covering the period from 1 May to 31 July 1993 (S/26416 of 15 September 1993, para. VI, 1). In that report, the Director of the Division noted in particular that politically motivated violations had become more open, a development made more serious in view of the forthcoming electoral process (ibid., para. VI, 2). These concerns about the human rights situation were also mentioned in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Commission on the Truth (S/26581 of 14 October 1993). In the context of the Commission's recommendation for the investigation of illegal groups (S/25500, Annex, V, II, C.), the report noted that cases of arbitrary executions over the past few months gave ground for concern that illegal groups were operating, whose methods seemed to repeat behavioural patterns prevailing in the past (S/26581, annex, para. 32).", "On 25 October, I learned with shock and profound sadness of the execution, in death squad-style, of a leader of the FMLN. That assassination was followed on 30 October by the murder of another leading member of the FMLN. These killings have generated apprehension in El Salvador and the international community at large. They substantiate the concerns referred to in the above-mentioned reports and call for vigorous investigation. They also confirm the need for immediate implementation of the recommendation of the Commission on the Truth regarding investigation of illegal groups. I have, therefore, decided to instruct the Director of the Division of Human Rights of ONUSAL, with supplementary expert assistance as needed, to work with those concerned in order to assist the Government in implementing the recommendation of the Commission on the Truth that a thorough investigation of private armed groups be undertaken immediately. While the responsibility for implementation of that recommendation", "93-60697 (E) 031193 /...", "lies with the Government, it is my view that the National Counsel for the Defence of Human Rights, within its responsibilities under the Constitution, could also play an important role.", "Recent developments have also brought out the need to accelerate the implementation of other recommendations of the Commission on the Truth relating to the eradication of structural causes linked to human rights violations that occurred during the civil war and also to institutional reforms to prevent the repetition of such acts.", "I should also like to recall the difficulties relating to the formation and deployment of the National Civil Police which I described in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Commission on the Truth (S/25500, annex, para. 30). In addition to the fact that the deployment of the new police is far behind the schedule established in the Peace Accords, ONUSAL has met with persistent difficulties in carrying out its task of verifying that only individuals meeting certain criteria are recruited to the National Civil Police. Furthermore, the above-mentioned report stated that members of the Special Antidrug Unit of the National Police had already joined the National Civil Police even though ONUSAL had not yet been able to verify their suitability.", "I should like to stress that the agreements relating to the creation of an exclusively civilian police are a key component of the Peace Accords. The Truth Commission also emphasized the need to ensure that there were no links between the National Civil Police and the former security bodies or any other branch of the armed forces (S/25500, Annex, II.B). It is therefore essential that the provisions of the Peace Accords regarding the National Academy for Public Security and the National Civil Police should be scrupulously fulfilled. Together with other reforms, they will establish a framework conducive to national reconciliation and observance of human rights. ONUSAL must be allowed to carry out its verification mandate unimpeded.", "Finally, I should like to recall the delays and difficulties which I described in my first periodic report on the electoral process (S/26606 of 20 October). The forthcoming elections in El Salvador are to be the culmination of the whole peace process. It is essential to the credibility of the electoral process that the registration of voters should be as comprehensive as possible. Accordingly, it is my hope that the Government of El Salvador and the institutions involved in the registration process will make every effort, with the assistance of ONUSAL, to overcome existing deficiencies and ensure that all eligible Salvadorians have an opportunity to be duly registered so that they can play a full part in deciding the future of their country.", "Under the timetable initially agreed upon by the parties, implementation of most provisions of the Peace Accords should have been completed before the general elections in March 1994. Delays in implementation will, however, make it impossible to reach that objective in some areas, in particular the phasing out of the National Police and full deployment of the National Civil Police. There are also considerable delays in the transfer of lands and other reintegration programmes. But the recent murders have brought into sharper focus the need to accelerate the implementation of the Accords in order to set the stage for a genuinely free and fair electoral process. At a high-level meeting on 8 September 1993, in which ONUSAL participated, the Government and the FMLN agreed on the need to step up the implementation process with a view to \"sweeping the table clean\" before 20 November 1993, when the electoral campaign will begin. I fully share that sense of urgency and have requested my Special Representative in El Salvador to exercise the utmost diligence in promoting a comprehensive implementation of the Peace Accords by the target dates agreed upon by the parties.", "I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to bring this information to the attention of the Members of the Security Council.", "(Signed) Boutros BOUTROS-GHALI", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S / 26689 ", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LETTER DATED 3 NOVEMBER 1993 FROM THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE", "ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL", "UNITED NATIONS", "In recent reports to the Security Council on the work of the United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL), I have brought to the attention of the Council some worrying trends that may affect the implementation of the Peace Agreements between the Government of El Salvador and the Farabundo Martí Front for National Liberation (FMLN), as well as the electoral process, which ONUSAL is responsible for observing, under the mandate given by Security Council resolution 832 (1993).", "One such trend has been the persistence of serious human rights violations, reported by the Human Rights Division of ONUSAL in its eighth report, for the period from 1 May to 31 July 1993 (S / 26416 of 15 September 1993, para. VI.1).In that report, the Director of the Division noted in particular that politically motivated human rights violations had become more direct, which was even more serious in view of the imminence of the electoral process (ibid., para. VI.2).These concerns related to the human rights situation were also mentioned in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Commission on the Truth (S / 26581 of 14 October 1993).In the context of the Commission & apos; s recommendation that an investigation be conducted into illegal groups (S / 25500, annex, V, II, C), it was noted in the report that cases of arbitrary executions in recent months had raised concerns that illegal groups existed whose methods seemed to repeat the patterns of conduct that had previously prevailed (S / 26581, annex, para. 32).", "On October 25, I learned, with dismay and deep sadness, of the execution, in the style of the death squads, of a FMLN leader.This murder was followed on October 30 by another prominent FMLN member.These deaths have given rise to great fears in El Salvador and throughout the international community.They are facts that are the basis for the concerns mentioned in the reports and require a thorough investigation.", "________________________", "Reissued for technical reasons.", "They also confirm the need to implement immediately the Commission's recommendation on the Truth for an investigation of illegal groups.I have therefore decided to entrust the Director of the Human Rights Division of ONUSAL, with the necessary additional assistance of experts, to work in cooperation with stakeholders to assist the Government in implementing the Commission's recommendation on the Truth that an in-depth investigation be conducted immediately into private armed groups.While the Government is responsible for implementing this recommendation, I believe that the National Human Rights Ombudsman could also play an important role, within the framework of his responsibilities under the Constitution.", "Recent events have also highlighted the need to accelerate the implementation of other recommendations of the Truth Commission concerning the eradication of the structural causes of human rights violations during the civil war and the institutional reforms necessary to prevent the recurrence of such acts.", "I would also like to recall the difficulties related to the training and deployment of the National Civil Police, which I described in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Truth Commission (S / 25500, annex, para. 30).The deployment of the new police has been significantly delayed in comparison with the time limits set by the Peace Agreements, and ONUSAL has also found it still difficult to carry out its task of verifying that only eligible persons are recruited to the National Civil Police.In addition, the above-mentioned report noted that members of the Special Anti-Drug Unit had already been incorporated into the National Civil Police, despite the fact that ONUSAL had not yet been able to verify its suitability.", "I would like to stress that agreements on the establishment of a civilian police force alone are a fundamental component of the Peace Agreements.The Truth Commission also stressed the need to ensure that the National Civil Police did not have links with the former security bodies or any other branch of the armed forces (S / 25500, annex, II, B).It is therefore essential that the provisions of the Peace Agreements concerning the National Academy of Public Security and the National Civil Police be scrupulously complied with.These provisions, together with other reforms, should provide a framework for national reconciliation and respect for human rights.ONUSAL must be able to carry out its verification mandate without hindrance.", "Finally, I would like to recall the delays and difficulties I described in my first periodic report on the electoral process (S / 26606 of 20 October).The elections to be held in El Salvador must be the culmination of the entire peace process.It is essential for the credibility of the electoral process that the voter census be as complete as possible.I therefore hope that the Government of El Salvador and the institutions involved in the voter registration process will do everything possible, with the assistance of ONUSAL, to overcome the existing shortcomings and to ensure that all Salvadorans of voting age have the opportunity to register properly to participate in the electoral consultation in which the future of their country will be decided.", "According to the schedule initially agreed by the parties, most of the provisions of the Peace Agreements should have been implemented before the general elections in March 1994.However, the delays that have occurred will make it impossible to achieve this objective in some respects, in particular with regard to the gradual elimination of the National Police and the full deployment of the National Civil Police.There have also been considerable delays in land transfers and other reintegration programmes.However, the recent killings have clearly highlighted the need to accelerate the implementation of the Agreements in order to lay the foundation for a truly free and impartial electoral process.At a high-level meeting held on 8 September 1993, in which ONUSAL participated, the Government and FMLN agreed on the need to accelerate the implementation process in order to address all obstacles by 20 November 1993, when the electoral campaign is to begin.I fully agree with the urgency of these measures, and I have therefore asked my Special Representative in El Salvador to do his utmost to promote the full implementation of the Peace Agreements within the time-limits agreed between the parties.", "I should be grateful if you would bring this information to the attention of the members of the Security Council.", "(Signed) Boutros BOUTROS-GHALI", "-----" ]	"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"
"SXBzaRGBOb1Gztoz2udSXcSmsS7hxS5AJUAHI4isfyY="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire. Distr.", "GENERALE", "S/26689", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. LETTRE DATEE DU 3 NOVEMBRE 1993, ADRESSEE AU PRESIDENT DU", "CONSEIL DE SECURITE PAR LE SECRETAIRE GENERAL", "Dans mes derniers rapports sur les activités de la Mission d'observation des Nations Unies en El Salvador (ONUSAL), j'ai signalé à l'attention du Conseil un certain nombre de faits inquiétants, tant en ce qui concerne l'application des Accords de paix entre le Gouvernement salvadorien et le Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN) que le déroulement du processus électoral que le Conseil de sécurité, par sa résolution 832 (1993), a chargé l'ONUSAL d'observer.", "L'un de ces faits a été la persistance de graves atteintes aux droits de l'homme rapportée par la Division des droits de l'homme de l'ONUSAL dans son huitième rapport, qui portait sur la période allant du 1er mai au 31 juillet 1993 (S/26416 du 15 septembre 1993, par. 1 de la section VI). Le Directeur de la Division y notait en particulier que les violations pour des motifs politiques se faisaient plus ouvertement, ce qui est d'autant plus grave si l'on considère l'approche des élections (ibid. par. 2 de la section VI). J'avais moi-même exprimé les mêmes préoccupations à propos du respect des droits de l'homme dans mon rapport sur l'application des recommandations de la Commission de la vérité (S/26581 du 14 octobre 1993). A propos de l'enquête sur les groupes illégaux à laquelle la Commission a recommandé de procéder (S/25500, titre 2.C de la section V de l'annexe), je notais dans mon rapport que les exécutions arbitraires qui avaient eu lieu dans les derniers mois donnaient à craindre que des groupes illégaux ne soient à l'oeuvre et qu'ils n'utilisent des méthodes rappelant celles qui prévalaient autrefois.", "Le 25 octobre, j'ai appris avec consternation et une profonde tristesse l'exécution d'un des dirigeants du FMLN, à la manière des escadrons de la mort‑assassinat qui a été suivi, le 30 octobre, de celui d'un autre membre de l'équipe dirigeante du FMLN. Ces meurtres ont suscité des craintes en El Salvador et dans la communauté internationale. Ils viennent confirmer que les inquiétudes dont faisaient état les rapports susmentionnés sont justifiées, et ils doivent faire l'objet d'enquêtes rigoureuses. Ils confirment également qu'il faut appliquer immédiatement la recommandation de la Commission de la vérité concernant la nécessité d'enquêter sur les groupes illégaux. J'ai donc décidé de charger le Directeur de la Division des droits de l'homme de l'ONUSAL de s'employer, en collaboration avec les intéressés et en s'adjoignant des experts, selon qu'il y aura lieu, à aider le Gouvernement à entreprendre immédiatement une enquête approfondie sur les groupes illégaux, comme l'a recommandé la Commission de la vérité. S'il est vrai que c'est au Gouvernement qu'incombe la responsabilité d'appliquer cette recommandation, je pense que le Procureur national chargé de la défense des droits de l'homme pourrait également, dans le cadre des attributions que lui confère la Constitution, jouer un rôle important.", "Il ressort également de l'évolution récente de la situation qu'il faut accélérer l'application de certaines autres recommandations de la Commission de la vérité, relatives, d'une part, à l'élimination des causes structurelles des atteintes aux droits de l'homme survenues pendant la guerre civile, et, d'autre part, à la réforme des institutions sans laquelle on ne saurait éviter que de tels actes ne se reproduisent.", "Je tiens aussi à rappeler les difficultés décrites dans mon rapport sur l'application des recommandations de la Commission de la vérité (S/26581, par. 30 de l'annexe) quant à la constitution et à la mise en place de la police civile nationale. Non seulement le déploiement des nouvelles forces de police est très en retard sur le calendrier fixé par les Accords de paix, mais l'ONUSAL n'a pas cessé de se heurter à des difficultés dans l'exécution de la tâche qui lui a été confiée de vérifier que la police civile nationale ne recrute que des individus répondant à certains critères. De plus, le rapport susmentionné signalait que certains éléments du Groupe de lutte contre les stupéfiants avaient déjà été enrôlés dans la police civile nationale, en dépit du fait que l'ONUSAL n'avait pas encore été en mesure de vérifier s'ils y étaient qualifiés.", "Qu'il me soit permis de souligner que ce qui a été convenu en ce qui concerne la création d'une police constituée exclusivement de civils constitue un des éléments essentiels des Accords de paix. La Commission de la vérité a également insisté sur la nécessité de faire en sorte qu'il n'existe aucun lien entre la police civile nationale et les anciens corps de sécurité publique ou toute autre branche des forces armées (S/25500, titre 2.B de l'annexe). Il est donc capital que soient strictement appliquées les dispositions des Accords de paix relatives à l'Académie nationale de sécurité publique et à la police civile nationale. Associées à d'autres réformes, ces dispositions créeront un cadre propice à la réconciliation nationale et au respect des droits de l'homme. Il faut absolument permettre à l'ONUSAL de s'acquitter sans entrave de sa mission de vérification.", "Je rappelle enfin les retards et les difficultés que j'ai exposés dans mon premier rapport périodique sur le déroulement du processus électoral (S/26606 du 20 octobre). Les élections qui doivent bientôt avoir lieu en El Salvador doivent être le point culminant de tout le processus de paix. Il est absolument indispensable pour la crédibilité du processus électoral que l'inscription des électeurs soit aussi générale que possible. C'est pourquoi je compte que le Gouvernement salvadorien et les institutions qui interviennent dans la constitution des listes électorales mettront tout en oeuvre, avec l'aide de l'ONUSAL, pour combler les carences actuelles et faire en sorte que tous les Salvadoriens remplissant les conditions requises aient la possibilité de s'inscrire en bonne et due forme et de jouer pleinement le rôle qui leur revient dans le choix de l'avenir de leur pays.", "Selon le calendrier initialement convenu par les parties, l'application de la plupart des dispositions des Accords de paix aurait dû être menée à bien avant les élections générales de mars 1994. Or, en raison des retards rencontrés dans la pratique, cet objectif sera impossible à atteindre dans certains domaines, notamment en ce qui concerne la dissolution progressive de la police nationale et l'achèvement de la mise en place de la police civile nationale. Le programme de redistribution des terres et d'autres programmes de réintégration ont également pris un retard considérable. Néanmoins, les récents assassinats ont fait ressortir plus clairement la nécessité d'accélérer l'application des Accords afin de préparer le terrain pour des élections véritablement libres et justes. Le 8 septembre 1993, lors d'une réunion de haut niveau à laquelle l'ONUSAL a participé, le Gouvernement et le FMLN se sont accordés à reconnaître qu'il fallait accélérer l'application des Accords afin d'avoir \"fait table rase\" avant le 20 novembre 1993, date du lancement de la campagne électorale. Etant tout aussi convaincu qu'il faut agir vite, j'ai demandé à mon Représentant spécial en El Salvador de faire preuve de la plus grande diligence dans l'action qu'il mène pour que les Accords de paix soient complètement appliqués aux dates convenues par les parties.", "Je vous serais obligé de bien vouloir porter ces informations à la l'attention des membres du Conseil de sécurité.", "Le Secrétaire général", "(Signé) Boutros BOUTROS-GHALI" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26689", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "CARTA DE FECHA 3 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 1993 DIRIGIDA AL PRESIDENTE", "DEL CONSEJO DE SEGURIDAD POR EL SECRETARIO GENERAL DE LAS", "NACIONES UNIDAS", "En recientes informes al Consejo de Seguridad sobre la labor de la Misión de Observadores de las Naciones Unidas en El Salvador (ONUSAL) he señalado a la atención del Consejo algunas tendencias preocupantes que pueden afectar a la aplicación de los Acuerdos de Paz entre el Gobierno de El Salvador y el Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN), así como al proceso electoral, que la ONUSAL está encargada de observar, en virtud del mandato conferido por la resolución 832 (1993) del Consejo de Seguridad.", "Una de esas tendencias ha sido la persistencia de graves violaciones de los derechos humanos, de las que dio cuenta la División de Derechos Humanos de la ONUSAL en su octavo informe, correspondiente al período comprendido entre el 1º de mayo y el 31 de julio de 1993 (S/26416, de 15 de septiembre de 1993, párr. VI.1). En ese informe, el Director de la División señaló en particular que las violaciones de los derechos humanos con motivación política se habían vuelto más directas, lo que resultaba todavía más grave teniendo en cuenta la inminencia del proceso electoral (ibíd., párr. VI.2). Esas inquietudes relacionadas con la situación de los derechos humanos se mencionaron también en mi informe sobre la aplicación de las recomendaciones de la Comisión sobre la Verdad (S/26581, de 14 de octubre de 1993). En el contexto de la recomendación de la Comisión de que se realice una investigación sobre los grupos ilegales (S/25500, anexo, V, II, C), se señaló en el informe que los casos de ejecuciones arbitrarias ocurridos en los últimos meses habían hecho nacer la preocupación de que existieran grupos ilegales cuyos métodos parecían repetir las pautas de conducta que habían imperado anteriormente (S/26581, anexo, párr. 32).", "El 25 de octubre me enteré, con consternación y profunda tristeza, de la ejecución, al estilo de los escuadrones de la muerte, de un dirigente del FMLN. Ese asesinato fue seguido el 30 de octubre por el de otro miembro prominente del FMLN. Esas muertes han suscitado grandes temores en El Salvador y en toda la comunidad internacional. Son hechos que fundamentan las preocupaciones mencionadas en los referidos informes y exigen una investigación a fondo.", "________________________", " Publicado nuevamente por razones técnicas.", "Confirman asimismo la necesidad de aplicar inmediatamente la recomendación de la Comisión sobre la Verdad de que se realice una investigación sobre los grupos ilegales. Por consiguiente, he decidido encomendar al Director de la División de Derechos Humanos de la ONUSAL que, con la asistencia suplementaria de expertos que sea necesaria, trabaje en cooperación con los interesados para ayudar al Gobierno a aplicar la recomendación de la Comisión sobre la Verdad de que se realice inmediatamente una investigación a fondo sobre los grupos armados privados. Aunque incumbe al Gobierno la responsabilidad de aplicar esa recomendación, considero que el Procurador Nacional para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos también podría desempeñar un papel importante, en el marco de sus responsabilidades dimanantes de la Constitución.", "Los hechos ocurridos en los últimos tiempos también han puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de acelerar la aplicación de otras recomendaciones de la Comisión sobre la Verdad relativas a la erradicación de las causas estructurales de las violaciones de los derechos humanos ocurridas durante la guerra civil y a las reformas institucionales necesarias para impedir la repetición de esos actos.", "Quisiera asimismo recordar las dificultades relacionadas con la formación y el despliegue de la Policía Nacional Civil, que describí en mi informe sobre la aplicación de las recomendaciones de la Comisión sobre la Verdad (S/25500, anexo, párr. 30). El despliegue de la nueva policía se ha retrasado considerablemente respecto de los plazos establecidos en los Acuerdos de Paz, y, además, la ONUSAL ha encontrado persistentes dificultades para realizar su tarea de verificar que sólo se reclute para la Policía Nacional Civil a personas que reúnan ciertos requisitos. Además, en el informe mencionado se señaló que ya se habían incorporado a la Policía Nacional Civil miembros de la Unidad Especial Antidroga, a pesar de que la ONUSAL no había podido todavía comprobar su idoneidad.", "Quisiera destacar que los acuerdos relativos a la creación de una policía exclusivamente civil constituyen un componente fundamental de los Acuerdos de Paz. La Comisión sobre la Verdad subrayó también la necesidad de garantizar que la Policía Nacional Civil no tuviera vínculos con los antiguos órganos de seguridad ni con ninguna otra rama de las fuerzas armadas (S/25500, anexo, II, B). Es, pues, esencial que se cumplan escrupulosamente las disposiciones de los Acuerdos de Paz relativos a la Academia Nacional de Seguridad Pública y a la Policía Nacional Civil. Esas disposiciones, junto con otras reformas, han de establecer un marco que propicie la reconciliación nacional y el respeto de los derechos humanos. La ONUSAL ha de poder desempeñar sin trabas su mandato de verificación.", "Por último, quisiera recordar las demoras y dificultades que describí en mi primer informe periódico sobre el proceso electoral (S/26606, de 20 de octubre). Las elecciones que van a celebrarse en El Salvador han de ser la culminación de todo el proceso de paz. Es esencial para la credibilidad del proceso electoral que el censo de votantes sea lo más completo posible. Por consiguiente, espero que el Gobierno de El Salvador y las instituciones que participan en el proceso de inscripción de votantes hagan todo lo posible, con la asistencia de la ONUSAL, por superar las deficiencias existentes y velen por que todos los salvadoreños en edad de votar tengan la oportunidad de inscribirse debidamente para participar en la consulta electoral en la que se decidirá el futuro de su país.", "Según el calendario acordado inicialmente por las partes, la mayoría de las disposiciones de los Acuerdos de Paz deberían haberse aplicado antes de las elecciones generales de marzo de 1994. Sin embargo, las demoras ocurridas harán imposible la consecución de ese objetivo en algunos aspectos, en particular en lo que se refiere a la eliminación gradual de la Policía Nacional y al despliegue completo de la Policía Nacional Civil. También se han registrado considerables demoras en las transferencias de tierras y otros programas de reinserción. Sin embargo, los recientes asesinatos han puesto claramente de manifiesto la necesidad de acelerar la aplicación de los Acuerdos para sentar las bases de un proceso electoral verdaderamente libre e imparcial. En una reunión de alto nivel celebrada el 8 de septiembre de 1993, en la que participó la ONUSAL, el Gobierno y el FMLN convinieron en la necesidad de acelerar el proceso de aplicación con el fin de allanar todos los obstáculos antes del 20 de noviembre de 1993, fecha en que ha de empezar la campaña electoral. Estoy plenamente de acuerdo en la urgencia de esas medidas, por lo que he pedido a mi Representante Especial en El Salvador que haga cuanto esté en su mano por promover la aplicación completa de los Acuerdos de Paz en los plazos acordados entre las partes.", "Le agradecería que pusiera esta información en conocimiento de los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad.", "(Firmado) Boutros BOUTROS-GHALI", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary.Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26689", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.LETTER DATED 3 NOVEMBER 1993 FROM THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE", "SECURITY COUNCIL BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "In my recent reports on the activities of the United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL), I have brought to the attention of the Council a number of disturbing developments, both in the implementation of the Peace Agreements between the Government of El Salvador and the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN) and in the conduct of the electoral process mandated by the Security Council in its resolution 832 (1993) to ONUSAL.", "One such incident was the continuing serious human rights violations reported by the Human Rights Division of ONUSAL in its eighth report covering the period from 1 May to 31 July 1993 (S/26416 of 15 September 1993, para.The Director of the Division noted in particular that political violations were more openly occurring, which was all the more serious in considering the approach to elections (ibid.).Section VI, paragraph (2).I myself had expressed the same concerns about respect for human rights in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Commission on the Truth (S/26581 of 14 October 1993).With regard to the investigation into illegal groups recommended by the Commission (S/25500, item 2 C of section V of the annex), I noted in my report that the arbitrary executions that had taken place in recent months raised concerns that illegal groups might be at work and that they would use methods that recalled those that had existed in the past.", "On October 25, I learned with dismay and deep sadness the execution of one of the FMLN leaders, as the death-killing squadrons were followed on October 30, by another member of the FMLN leadership team.These killings have raised fears in El Salvador and the international community.They confirm that the concerns raised in the above-mentioned reports are justified and must be investigated rigorously.They also confirm the need for immediate implementation of the Truth Commission's recommendation regarding the need to investigate illegal groups.I therefore decided to entrust the Director of the Human Rights Division of ONUSAL with the task of working with the concerned parties and with the assistance of experts, as appropriate, to assist the Government in undertaking an immediate and thorough investigation of illegal groups, as recommended by the Truth Commission.While it is the Government's responsibility to implement this recommendation, I believe that the National Human Rights Procurator could also play an important role in the exercise of his constitutional mandate.", "Recent developments also indicate that the implementation of certain other recommendations of the Truth Commission must be accelerated, on the one hand, with regard to the elimination of the structural causes of human rights violations during the civil war, and, on the other hand, with regard to institutional reform, without which such acts cannot be prevented from happening again.", "I would also like to recall the difficulties described in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Truth Commission (S/26581, annex, para. 30) with regard to the constitution and establishment of the national civilian police.Not only is the deployment of the new police forces very late on the timetable set by the Peace Agreements, but ONUSAL has continued to face difficulties in carrying out the task entrusted to it to verify that the national civilian police recruit only individuals who meet certain criteria.Furthermore, the above-mentioned report indicated that some elements of the Counter-Narcotics Unit had already been recruited into the national civilian police, despite the fact that ONUSAL had not yet been able to verify their qualifications.", "Allow me to stress that what has been agreed upon with regard to the establishment of a police composed exclusively of civilians is one of the essential elements of the Peace Agreements.The Truth Commission also stressed the need to ensure that there is no link between the national civilian police and the former public security forces or any other branch of the armed forces (S/25500, item 2.B of the annex).It is therefore crucial that the provisions of the Peace Agreements relating to the National Public Security Academy and the National Civil Police be strictly implemented.Together with other reforms, these provisions will create a framework conducive to national reconciliation and respect for human rights.It is essential that ONUSAL be able to carry out its verification mission without hindrance.", "Finally, I recall the delays and difficulties I have outlined in my first periodic report on the electoral process (S/26606 of 20 October).The upcoming elections in El Salvador should be the culmination of the entire peace process.It is absolutely essential for the credibility of the electoral process that voter registration be as general as possible.I therefore expect that the Government of El Salvador and the institutions involved in the constitution of the electoral lists will make every effort, with the assistance of ONUSAL, to fill the current shortcomings and ensure that all eligible Salvadorans have the opportunity to register in a proper manner and to play their full role in the choice of their country's future.", "According to the timetable initially agreed by the parties, the implementation of most of the provisions of the Peace Agreements should have been completed before the general elections in March 1994.However, due to the delays in practice, this objective will be impossible to achieve in certain areas, particularly with regard to the gradual dissolution of the national police and the completion of the establishment of the national civilian police.The land redistribution programme and other reintegration programmes have also been significantly delayed.However, recent assassinations have made it more clear that the implementation of the Agreements must be accelerated in order to prepare the ground for truly free and fair elections.On 8 September 1993, at a high-level meeting attended by ONUSAL, the Government and FMLN agreed that the implementation of the Agreements should be accelerated in order to \"have a clean table\" before 20 November 1993, when the election campaign was launched.I have also been convinced that action is needed quickly and have called upon my Special Representative in El Salvador to exercise the utmost diligence in his efforts to ensure that the Peace Agreements are fully implemented at the dates agreed upon by the parties.", "I should be grateful if you would bring this information to the attention of the members of the Security Council.", "The Secretary-General", "(Signed) Boutros BOUTROS-GHALI" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S / 26689 ", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LETTER DATED 3 NOVEMBER 1993 FROM THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE", "ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL", "UNITED NATIONS", "In recent reports to the Security Council on the work of the United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL), I have brought to the attention of the Council some worrying trends that may affect the implementation of the Peace Agreements between the Government of El Salvador and the Farabundo Martí Front for National Liberation (FMLN), as well as the electoral process, which ONUSAL is responsible for observing, under the mandate given by Security Council resolution 832 (1993).", "One such trend has been the persistence of serious human rights violations, reported by the Human Rights Division of ONUSAL in its eighth report, for the period from 1 May to 31 July 1993 (S / 26416 of 15 September 1993, para. VI.1).In that report, the Director of the Division noted in particular that politically motivated human rights violations had become more direct, which was even more serious in view of the imminence of the electoral process (ibid., para. VI.2).These concerns related to the human rights situation were also mentioned in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Commission on the Truth (S / 26581 of 14 October 1993).In the context of the Commission & apos; s recommendation that an investigation be conducted into illegal groups (S / 25500, annex, V, II, C), it was noted in the report that cases of arbitrary executions in recent months had raised concerns that illegal groups existed whose methods seemed to repeat the patterns of conduct that had previously prevailed (S / 26581, annex, para. 32).", "On October 25, I learned, with dismay and deep sadness, of the execution, in the style of the death squads, of a FMLN leader.This murder was followed on October 30 by another prominent FMLN member.These deaths have given rise to great fears in El Salvador and throughout the international community.They are facts that are the basis for the concerns mentioned in the reports and require a thorough investigation.", "________________________", "Reissued for technical reasons.", "They also confirm the need to implement immediately the Commission's recommendation on the Truth for an investigation of illegal groups.I have therefore decided to entrust the Director of the Human Rights Division of ONUSAL, with the necessary additional assistance of experts, to work in cooperation with stakeholders to assist the Government in implementing the Commission's recommendation on the Truth that an in-depth investigation be conducted immediately into private armed groups.While the Government is responsible for implementing this recommendation, I believe that the National Human Rights Ombudsman could also play an important role, within the framework of his responsibilities under the Constitution.", "Recent events have also highlighted the need to accelerate the implementation of other recommendations of the Truth Commission concerning the eradication of the structural causes of human rights violations during the civil war and the institutional reforms necessary to prevent the recurrence of such acts.", "I would also like to recall the difficulties related to the training and deployment of the National Civil Police, which I described in my report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Truth Commission (S / 25500, annex, para. 30).The deployment of the new police has been significantly delayed in comparison with the time limits set by the Peace Agreements, and ONUSAL has also found it still difficult to carry out its task of verifying that only eligible persons are recruited to the National Civil Police.In addition, the above-mentioned report noted that members of the Special Anti-Drug Unit had already been incorporated into the National Civil Police, despite the fact that ONUSAL had not yet been able to verify its suitability.", "I would like to stress that agreements on the establishment of a civilian police force alone are a fundamental component of the Peace Agreements.The Truth Commission also stressed the need to ensure that the National Civil Police did not have links with the former security bodies or any other branch of the armed forces (S / 25500, annex, II, B).It is therefore essential that the provisions of the Peace Agreements concerning the National Academy of Public Security and the National Civil Police be scrupulously complied with.These provisions, together with other reforms, should provide a framework for national reconciliation and respect for human rights.ONUSAL must be able to carry out its verification mandate without hindrance.", "Finally, I would like to recall the delays and difficulties I described in my first periodic report on the electoral process (S / 26606 of 20 October).The elections to be held in El Salvador must be the culmination of the entire peace process.It is essential for the credibility of the electoral process that the voter census be as complete as possible.I therefore hope that the Government of El Salvador and the institutions involved in the voter registration process will do everything possible, with the assistance of ONUSAL, to overcome the existing shortcomings and to ensure that all Salvadorans of voting age have the opportunity to register properly to participate in the electoral consultation in which the future of their country will be decided.", "According to the schedule initially agreed by the parties, most of the provisions of the Peace Agreements should have been implemented before the general elections in March 1994.However, the delays that have occurred will make it impossible to achieve this objective in some respects, in particular with regard to the gradual elimination of the National Police and the full deployment of the National Civil Police.There have also been considerable delays in land transfers and other reintegration programmes.However, the recent killings have clearly highlighted the need to accelerate the implementation of the Agreements in order to lay the foundation for a truly free and impartial electoral process.At a high-level meeting held on 8 September 1993, in which ONUSAL participated, the Government and FMLN agreed on the need to accelerate the implementation process in order to address all obstacles by 20 November 1993, when the electoral campaign is to begin.I fully agree with the urgency of these measures, and I have therefore asked my Special Representative in El Salvador to do his utmost to promote the full implementation of the Peace Agreements within the time-limits agreed between the parties.", "I should be grateful if you would bring this information to the attention of the members of the Security Council.", "(Signed) Boutros BOUTROS-GHALI", "-----" ]	"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"
"cO+rMwo31tM5dxhkCPP2B1xK8gqsiOy9vgMo3LsssFo="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26687", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/FRENCH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Recalling its resolution 745 (1992) of 28 February 1992 concerning the implementation plan of the Paris Agreements on Cambodia and subsequent relevant resolutions,", "Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General dated 5 October 1993 (S/26529), 7 October 1993 (S/26546) and 27 October 1993 (S/26649 and Add.1), and of his letter to the President of the Security Council dated 28 October 1993 (S/26675),", "Noting with satisfaction the success during the transitional period of the Cambodian people, under the leadership of His Majesty Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, in promoting peace, stability and national reconciliation,", "Welcoming the adoption of the constitution in accordance with the Paris Agreements on Cambodia,", "Recognizing the termination of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) mandate following the establishment of the constitutional government on 24 September 1993 in accordance with the Paris Agreements,", "Noting with great satisfaction that, with the successful conclusion of the UNTAC mission following the election of 23-28 May 1993, the goal of the Paris Agreements of restoring to the Cambodian people and their democratically elected leaders their primary responsibility for peace, stability, national reconciliation and reconstruction in their country has been achieved,", "Paying tribute to those Member States which contributed personnel to UNTAC and expressing sympathy and sorrow to those Governments whose nationals lost their lives or suffered casualties for the cause of peace in Cambodia as well as to their families,", "Stressing the importance of consolidating the achievements of the Cambodian people by smooth and rapid delivery of appropriate international assistance towards rehabilitation, reconstruction and development in Cambodia and towards peace-building in that country,", "93-60903 (E) 041193 /...", "Noting the need to ensure the safe and orderly completion of the withdrawal of the military component of UNTAC from Cambodia, and the continuity of the vital mine clearance and training functions of the Cambodia Mine Action Centre (CMAC),", "1. Welcomes the accession to the throne of His Majesty Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, and stresses the importance of his continuing role in consolidating peace, stability and genuine national reconciliation in Cambodia;", "2. Welcomes also the formation of the new Government of all Cambodia, established in accordance with the constitution and based upon the recent election;", "3. Pays tribute to the work of UNTAC whose success, under the authority of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, constitutes a major achievement for the United Nations;", "4. Calls upon all States to respect the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality and national unity of Cambodia;", "5. Demands the cessation of all illegal acts of violence, on whatever grounds, and the cessation of military activities directed against the democratically elected Government of Cambodia, as well as against the personnel of UNTAC and other United Nations and international agencies;", "6. Affirms the importance, particularly in view of the recent tragic history of Cambodia, of ensuring respect for international humanitarian law in that country, welcomes in this regard the commitment of the First Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia to the implementation of the relevant provisions of the new Cambodian Constitution, and endorses the arrangements foreshadowed in paragraphs 27-29 of the Secretary-General's report of 26 August 1993 (S/26360) for appropriate United Nations activities in support of this commitment in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Paris Agreements;", "7. Urges Member States to assist CMAC with technical experts and equipment, and to support de-mining work through voluntary contributions;", "8. Expresses the hope that arrangements can be made as soon as possible so that relevant trust fund monies can be disbursed to CMAC and so that technical experts can be provided to CMAC through the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP);", "9. Notes that, with the exceptions set out in paragraphs 10 and 11 below, the safe and orderly withdrawal of the military component of UNTAC provided for in resolution 860 (1993) continues and will end on 15 November 1993;", "10. Decides to extend the period of withdrawal of the mine clearance and training unit of UNTAC until 30 November 1993;", "11. Decides to extend the period of withdrawal beyond 15 November 1993 for elements of the military police and medical components of UNTAC in accordance with the detailed recommendations set out in the Secretary-General's letter to the President of the Security Council of 28 October 1993, on the basis that all of these elements will be withdrawn by 31 December 1993;", "12. Decides to establish a team of 20 military liaison officers for a single period of six months with a mandate to report on matters affecting security in Cambodia, to maintain liaison with the Government of Cambodia and to assist the Government in dealing with residual military matters relating to the Paris Agreements;", "13. Welcomes the intention of the Secretary-General, in light of the request by the Royal Government of Cambodia and the continuing commitment of the United Nations to Cambodia, to appoint for a period to be agreed upon by the Secretary‑General and the Government of Cambodia, a person to coordinate the United Nations presence in Cambodia, in accordance with the spirit and principles of the Paris Agreements;", "14. Urges Member States to continue to help the Government of Cambodia in achieving its objectives of national reconciliation and rehabilitation of Cambodia and requests them to implement without delay the undertakings made during the meeting of the International Committee on Reconstruction of Cambodia and stresses the need for quick disbursing assistance to provide support for help to alleviate the fiscal crisis currently facing the new Government;", "15. Welcomes the intention of the Secretary-General to report on the lessons learned during the course of UNTAC in the context of the Agenda for Peace.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire. Distr.", "GENERALE", "S/26687", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS/FRANCAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. Projet de résolution", "Le Conseil de sécurité,", "Rappelant sa résolution 745 (1992) du 28 février 1992 concernant le plan d'application des Accords de Paris sur le Cambodge et ses résolutions ultérieures sur la question,", "Prenant acte des rapports du Secrétaire général en date des 5 octobre 1993 (S/26529), 7 octobre 1993 (S/26546) et 27 octobre 1993 (S/26649 et Add.1), ainsi que de la lettre datée du 28 octobre 1993 (S/26675), que le Secrétaire général a adressée au Président du Conseil de sécurité,", "Notant avec satisfaction que, durant la période de transition, le peuple cambodgien, sous la direction de S. M. Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, Roi du Cambodge, a réussi à promouvoir la paix, la stabilité et la réconciliation nationale,", "Se félicitant de l'adoption de la Constitution conformément aux Accords de Paris sur le Cambodge,", "Considérant que le mandat de l'Autorité provisoire des Nations Unies au Cambodge (APRONUC) a pris fin avec la formation du Gouvernement constitutionnel, le 24 septembre 1993, conformément aux Accords de Paris,", "Notant avec une vive satisfaction que, la Mission de l'APRONUC ayant été menée à bonne fin à la suite des élections tenues du 23 au 28 mai 1993, l'objectif des Accords de Paris s'est trouvé réalisé, à savoir redonner au peuple cambodgien et à ses dirigeants démocratiquement élus la possibilité d'assumer la responsabilité principale de la paix, de la stabilité, de la réconciliation nationale et de la reconstruction dans leur pays,", "Rendant hommage aux Etats Membres qui ont fourni du personnel à l'APRONUC et exprimant sa sympathie et ses condoléances aux gouvernements dont des ressortissants ont perdu la vie ou ont été blessés pour la cause de la paix au Cambodge, ainsi qu'aux familles des victimes,", "Soulignant qu'il importe de consolider les acquis du peuple cambodgien en lui fournissant rapidement et sans contretemps une assistance internationale appropriée pour le relèvement, la reconstruction et le développement au Cambodge, et pour la consolidation de la paix dans ce pays,", "Notant qu'il importe que la composante militaire de l'APRONUC puisse effectuer son retrait du Cambodge dans l'ordre et la sécurité et que les activités cruciales de déminage et de formation que mène le Centre cambodgien de déminage puissent se poursuivre,", "1. Se félicite de l'accession au trône de S. M. Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, Roi du Cambodge, et souligne l'importance du rôle qu'il continue à jouer en faveur de la consolidation de la paix, de la stabilité et de la réconciliation nationale authentique au Cambodge;", "2. Se félicite également de la formation du nouveau gouvernement de l'ensemble du Cambodge, établi conformément à la Constitution et sur la base des résultats des récentes élections;", "3. Rend hommage au travail de l'APRONUC, dont le succès, sous l'autorité du Secrétaire général et de son Représentant spécial, constitue une réussite majeure pour l'Organisation des Nations Unies;", "4. Demande à tous les Etats de respecter la souveraineté, l'indépendance, l'intégrité et l'inviolabilité territoriales, la neutralité et l'unité nationale du Cambodge;", "5. Exige la cessation de tous les actes de violence illégaux, quels que soient leurs motifs, ainsi que la cessation des activités militaires dirigées contre le Gouvernement démocratiquement élu du Cambodge ainsi que contre le personnel de l'APRONUC et d'autres organismes des Nations Unies et organisations internationales;", "6. Considère qu'eu égard en particulier aux événements tragiques de l'histoire récente du Cambodge, il est indispensable d'assurer le respect du droit international humanitaire dans ce pays, se félicite à cet égard de l'engagement qu'a pris le Premier Président du Gouvernement royal du Cambodge d'appliquer les dispositions pertinentes de la nouvelle Constitution cambodgienne, et approuve les arrangements envisagés dans les paragraphes 27 à 29 du rapport du Secrétaire général en date du 26 août 1993 (S/26360), concernant les activités que l'Organisation des Nations Unies pourrait utilement entreprendre pour contribuer au respect de cet engagement, conformément aux dispositions pertinentes des Accords de Paris;", "7. Demande instamment aux Etats Membres d'apporter au Centre cambodgien de déminage une aide en experts techniques et en matériel, et de faciliter les opérations de déminage en versant des contributions volontaires;", "8. Exprime l'espoir que des arrangements pourront être conclus sans tarder pour que des ressources appropriées du Fonds d'affectation spéciale puissent être allouées au Centre cambodgien de déminage et que des experts techniques puissent lui être fournis par l'intermédiaire du Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement;", "9. Note que, sous réserve des exceptions indiquées aux paragraphes 10 et 11 ci‑après, le retrait de la composante militaire de l'APRONUC dans l'ordre et la sécurité, prévu dans la résolution 860 (1993), se terminera le 15 novembre 1993;", "10. Décide de prolonger la période de retrait du Groupe de déminage et de formation de l'APRONUC jusqu'au 30 novembre 1993;", "11. Décide de prolonger la période de retrait au‑delà du 15 novembre 1993 en ce qui concerne des éléments de la police militaire et du service médical de l'APRONUC conformément aux recommandations détaillées formulées par le Secrétaire général dans la lettre qu'il a adressée le 28 octobre 1993 au Président du Conseil de sécurité, étant entendu que tous les éléments en question seront retirés d'ici au 31 décembre 1993;", "12. Décide de mettre en place, pour une période de six mois non renouvelable, une équipe de 20 officiers de liaison militaire chargés de faire rapport sur toutes questions ayant trait à la sécurité au Cambodge, d'assurer la liaison avec le Gouvernement cambodgien et d'aider celui‑ci à régler les questions militaires en suspens liées aux Accords de Paris;", "13. Se félicite que le Secrétaire général, compte tenu de la demande formulée par le Gouvernement royal du Cambodge et de l'engagement continu de l'Organisation des Nations Unies au Cambodge, se propose de désigner pour une période à convenir entre le Secrétaire général et le Gouvernement du Cambodge une personne chargée de coordonner les activités de l'Organisation au Cambodge, conformément à l'esprit des Accords de Paris et aux principes qui y sont énoncés;", "14. Prie instamment les Etats Membres de continuer à aider le Gouvernement cambodgien à atteindre ses objectifs de réconciliation nationale et de redressement du Cambodge, les invite à honorer sans retard les engagements pris à la réunion du Comité international pour la reconstruction du Cambodge et souligne qu'il importe de débloquer rapidement des fonds pour aider à atténuer la crise financière à laquelle le nouveau gouvernement se trouve actuellement confronté;", "15. Se félicite que le Secrétaire général se propose de rendre compte des enseignements tirés des opérations de l'APRONUC dans l'optique de l'Agenda pour la paix.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26687", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/FRENCH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Recalling its resolution 745 (1992) of 28 February 1992 concerning the implementation plan of the Paris Agreements on Cambodia and subsequent relevant resolutions,", "Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General dated 5 October 1993 (S/26529), 7 October 1993 (S/26546) and 27 October 1993 (S/26649 and Add.1), and of his letter to the President of the Security Council dated 28 October 1993 (S/26675),", "Noting with satisfaction the success during the transitional period of the Cambodian people, under the leadership of His Majesty Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, in promoting peace, stability and national reconciliation,", "Welcoming the adoption of the constitution in accordance with the Paris Agreements on Cambodia,", "Recognizing the termination of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) mandate following the establishment of the constitutional government on 24 September 1993 in accordance with the Paris Agreements,", "Noting with great satisfaction that, with the successful conclusion of the UNTAC mission following the election of 23-28 May 1993, the goal of the Paris Agreements of restoring to the Cambodian people and their democratically elected leaders their primary responsibility for peace, stability, national reconciliation and reconstruction in their country has been achieved,", "Paying tribute to those Member States which contributed personnel to UNTAC and expressing sympathy and sorrow to those Governments whose nationals lost their lives or suffered casualties for the cause of peace in Cambodia as well as to their families,", "Stressing the importance of consolidating the achievements of the Cambodian people by smooth and rapid delivery of appropriate international assistance towards rehabilitation, reconstruction and development in Cambodia and towards peace-building in that country,", "93-60903 (E) 041193 /...", "Noting the need to ensure the safe and orderly completion of the withdrawal of the military component of UNTAC from Cambodia, and the continuity of the vital mine clearance and training functions of the Cambodia Mine Action Centre (CMAC),", "1. Welcomes the accession to the throne of His Majesty Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, and stresses the importance of his continuing role in consolidating peace, stability and genuine national reconciliation in Cambodia;", "2. Welcomes also the formation of the new Government of all Cambodia, established in accordance with the constitution and based upon the recent election;", "3. Pays tribute to the work of UNTAC whose success, under the authority of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, constitutes a major achievement for the United Nations;", "4. Calls upon all States to respect the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality and national unity of Cambodia;", "5. Demands the cessation of all illegal acts of violence, on whatever grounds, and the cessation of military activities directed against the democratically elected Government of Cambodia, as well as against the personnel of UNTAC and other United Nations and international agencies;", "6. Affirms the importance, particularly in view of the recent tragic history of Cambodia, of ensuring respect for international humanitarian law in that country, welcomes in this regard the commitment of the First Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia to the implementation of the relevant provisions of the new Cambodian Constitution, and endorses the arrangements foreshadowed in paragraphs 27-29 of the Secretary-General's report of 26 August 1993 (S/26360) for appropriate United Nations activities in support of this commitment in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Paris Agreements;", "7. Urges Member States to assist CMAC with technical experts and equipment, and to support de-mining work through voluntary contributions;", "8. Expresses the hope that arrangements can be made as soon as possible so that relevant trust fund monies can be disbursed to CMAC and so that technical experts can be provided to CMAC through the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP);", "9. Notes that, with the exceptions set out in paragraphs 10 and 11 below, the safe and orderly withdrawal of the military component of UNTAC provided for in resolution 860 (1993) continues and will end on 15 November 1993;", "10. Decides to extend the period of withdrawal of the mine clearance and training unit of UNTAC until 30 November 1993;", "11. Decides to extend the period of withdrawal beyond 15 November 1993 for elements of the military police and medical components of UNTAC in accordance with the detailed recommendations set out in the Secretary-General's letter to the President of the Security Council of 28 October 1993, on the basis that all of these elements will be withdrawn by 31 December 1993;", "12. Decides to establish a team of 20 military liaison officers for a single period of six months with a mandate to report on matters affecting security in Cambodia, to maintain liaison with the Government of Cambodia and to assist the Government in dealing with residual military matters relating to the Paris Agreements;", "13. Welcomes the intention of the Secretary-General, in light of the request by the Royal Government of Cambodia and the continuing commitment of the United Nations to Cambodia, to appoint for a period to be agreed upon by the Secretary‑General and the Government of Cambodia, a person to coordinate the United Nations presence in Cambodia, in accordance with the spirit and principles of the Paris Agreements;", "14. Urges Member States to continue to help the Government of Cambodia in achieving its objectives of national reconciliation and rehabilitation of Cambodia and requests them to implement without delay the undertakings made during the meeting of the International Committee on Reconstruction of Cambodia and stresses the need for quick disbursing assistance to provide support for help to alleviate the fiscal crisis currently facing the new Government;", "15. Welcomes the intention of the Secretary-General to report on the lessons learned during the course of UNTAC in the context of the Agenda for Peace.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary.Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26687", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/FRENCH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Recalling its resolution 745 (1992) of 28 February 1992 on the plan of implementation of the Paris Agreements on Cambodia and its subsequent resolutions thereon,", "Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General of 5 October 1993 (S/26529), 7 October 1993 (S/26546) and 27 October 1993 (S/26649 and Add.1), and the letter dated 28 October 1993 (S/26675) from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council,", "Noting with satisfaction that, during the transitional period, the Cambodian people, under the leadership of His Excellency Mr. Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, succeeded in promoting peace, stability and national reconciliation,", "Welcoming the adoption of the Constitution in accordance with the Paris Agreements on Cambodia,", "Considering that the mandate of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) ended with the formation of the Constitutional Government on 24 September 1993, in accordance with the Paris Agreements,", "Noting with great satisfaction that, following the successful completion of the mission of the United Nations Organization Organization Mission in Cambodia (UNTAC) following the elections held from 23 to 28 May 1993, the objective of the Paris Agreements has been achieved, namely to restore the opportunity for the Cambodian people and their democratically elected leaders to assume primary responsibility for peace, stability, national reconciliation and reconstruction in their countries,", "Commending the Member States that have contributed personnel to UNTAC and expressing their sympathy and condolences to Governments whose nationals have lost their lives or been injured in the cause of peace in Cambodia, as well as to the families of the victims,", "Stressing the importance of consolidating the achievements of the Cambodian people by providing them with timely and timely international assistance for the rehabilitation, reconstruction and development of Cambodia and for the consolidation of peace in that country,", "Noting the importance of the military component of UNTAC being able to carry out its orderly and secure withdrawal from Cambodia and of the continued critical demining and training activities of the Cambodian Mine Action Centre,", "1.Welcomes the accession to the throne of His Excellency Mr. Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, and stresses the importance of his continued role in consolidating peace, stability and genuine national reconciliation in Cambodia;", "2.Also welcomes the formation of the new Government of Cambodia as a whole, in accordance with the Constitution and on the basis of the results of the recent elections;", "3.Commends the work of the United Nations Office at Nairobi, whose success, under the authority of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, is a major achievement for the United Nations;", "4.Calls upon all States to respect the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality and national unity of Cambodia;", "5.Demands the cessation of all illegal acts of violence, regardless of their motives, and the cessation of military activities directed against the democratically elected Government of Cambodia, as well as against the personnel of UNTAC and other United Nations agencies and international organizations;", "6.Recognizes that, in particular in the light of the tragic events in recent history of Cambodia, it is essential to ensure respect for international humanitarian law in Cambodia, welcomes in this regard the commitment of the First President of the Royal Government of Cambodia to implement the relevant provisions of the new Cambodian Constitution, and endorses the arrangements envisaged in paragraphs 27 to 29 of the report of the Secretary-General of 26 August 1993 (S/26360) concerning the activities that the United Nations could usefully undertake to contribute to the fulfilment of this commitment, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Paris Agreements;", "7.Urges Member States to provide technical and material assistance to the Cambodian Mine Action Centre and to facilitate mine clearance operations through voluntary contributions;", "8.Expresses the hope that arrangements can be reached without delay to ensure that appropriate resources from the Trust Fund can be allocated to the Cambodian Mine Action Centre and that technical experts can be provided through the United Nations Development Programme;", "9.Notes that, subject to the exceptions set out in paragraphs 10 and 11 below, the withdrawal of the military component of UNTAC in order and security, as provided for in resolution 860 (1993), will end on 15 November 1993;", "10.Decides to extend the withdrawal period of the UNTAC Demining and Training Unit until 30 November 1993;", "11.Decides to extend the withdrawal period beyond 15 November 1993 in respect of elements of the military police and medical service of UNTAC in accordance with the detailed recommendations made by the Secretary-General in his letter of 28 October 1993 to the President of the Security Council, on the understanding that all such elements will be withdrawn by 31 December 1993;", "12.Decides to establish a team of 20 military liaison officers for a non-renewable period of six months to report on any security-related issues in Cambodia, to liaise with the Government of Cambodia and to assist the Government in resolving outstanding military issues related to the Paris Agreements;", "13.Welcomes the intention of the Secretary-General, in the light of the request of the Royal Government of Cambodia and the continuing engagement of the United Nations in Cambodia, to designate a person for a period to be agreed between the Secretary-General and the Government of Cambodia to coordinate the activities of the Organization in Cambodia, in accordance with the spirit and principles of the Paris Agreements;", "14.Urges Member States to continue to assist the Government of Cambodia in achieving its goals of national reconciliation and recovery in Cambodia, invites them to honour without delay the commitments made at the meeting of the International Committee for the Reconstruction of Cambodia, and stresses the importance of early release of funds to help alleviate the financial crisis currently facing the new Government;", "15.Welcomes the Secretary-General's intention to report on lessons learned from the operations of UNTAC in the context of the Agenda for Peace.", "-----" ]	"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"
"1ul13112ZoifALOGMTHJYbZJjOBh+lfO8qyziZHzWPE="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26687", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/FRENCH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Recalling its resolution 745 (1992) of 28 February 1992 concerning the implementation plan of the Paris Agreements on Cambodia and subsequent relevant resolutions,", "Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General dated 5 October 1993 (S/26529), 7 October 1993 (S/26546) and 27 October 1993 (S/26649 and Add.1), and of his letter to the President of the Security Council dated 28 October 1993 (S/26675),", "Noting with satisfaction the success during the transitional period of the Cambodian people, under the leadership of His Majesty Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, in promoting peace, stability and national reconciliation,", "Welcoming the adoption of the constitution in accordance with the Paris Agreements on Cambodia,", "Recognizing the termination of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) mandate following the establishment of the constitutional government on 24 September 1993 in accordance with the Paris Agreements,", "Noting with great satisfaction that, with the successful conclusion of the UNTAC mission following the election of 23-28 May 1993, the goal of the Paris Agreements of restoring to the Cambodian people and their democratically elected leaders their primary responsibility for peace, stability, national reconciliation and reconstruction in their country has been achieved,", "Paying tribute to those Member States which contributed personnel to UNTAC and expressing sympathy and sorrow to those Governments whose nationals lost their lives or suffered casualties for the cause of peace in Cambodia as well as to their families,", "Stressing the importance of consolidating the achievements of the Cambodian people by smooth and rapid delivery of appropriate international assistance towards rehabilitation, reconstruction and development in Cambodia and towards peace-building in that country,", "93-60903 (E) 041193 /...", "Noting the need to ensure the safe and orderly completion of the withdrawal of the military component of UNTAC from Cambodia, and the continuity of the vital mine clearance and training functions of the Cambodia Mine Action Centre (CMAC),", "1. Welcomes the accession to the throne of His Majesty Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, and stresses the importance of his continuing role in consolidating peace, stability and genuine national reconciliation in Cambodia;", "2. Welcomes also the formation of the new Government of all Cambodia, established in accordance with the constitution and based upon the recent election;", "3. Pays tribute to the work of UNTAC whose success, under the authority of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, constitutes a major achievement for the United Nations;", "4. Calls upon all States to respect the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality and national unity of Cambodia;", "5. Demands the cessation of all illegal acts of violence, on whatever grounds, and the cessation of military activities directed against the democratically elected Government of Cambodia, as well as against the personnel of UNTAC and other United Nations and international agencies;", "6. Affirms the importance, particularly in view of the recent tragic history of Cambodia, of ensuring respect for international humanitarian law in that country, welcomes in this regard the commitment of the First Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia to the implementation of the relevant provisions of the new Cambodian Constitution, and endorses the arrangements foreshadowed in paragraphs 27-29 of the Secretary-General's report of 26 August 1993 (S/26360) for appropriate United Nations activities in support of this commitment in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Paris Agreements;", "7. Urges Member States to assist CMAC with technical experts and equipment, and to support de-mining work through voluntary contributions;", "8. Expresses the hope that arrangements can be made as soon as possible so that relevant trust fund monies can be disbursed to CMAC and so that technical experts can be provided to CMAC through the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP);", "9. Notes that, with the exceptions set out in paragraphs 10 and 11 below, the safe and orderly withdrawal of the military component of UNTAC provided for in resolution 860 (1993) continues and will end on 15 November 1993;", "10. Decides to extend the period of withdrawal of the mine clearance and training unit of UNTAC until 30 November 1993;", "11. Decides to extend the period of withdrawal beyond 15 November 1993 for elements of the military police and medical components of UNTAC in accordance with the detailed recommendations set out in the Secretary-General's letter to the President of the Security Council of 28 October 1993, on the basis that all of these elements will be withdrawn by 31 December 1993;", "12. Decides to establish a team of 20 military liaison officers for a single period of six months with a mandate to report on matters affecting security in Cambodia, to maintain liaison with the Government of Cambodia and to assist the Government in dealing with residual military matters relating to the Paris Agreements;", "13. Welcomes the intention of the Secretary-General, in light of the request by the Royal Government of Cambodia and the continuing commitment of the United Nations to Cambodia, to appoint for a period to be agreed upon by the Secretary‑General and the Government of Cambodia, a person to coordinate the United Nations presence in Cambodia, in accordance with the spirit and principles of the Paris Agreements;", "14. Urges Member States to continue to help the Government of Cambodia in achieving its objectives of national reconciliation and rehabilitation of Cambodia and requests them to implement without delay the undertakings made during the meeting of the International Committee on Reconstruction of Cambodia and stresses the need for quick disbursing assistance to provide support for help to alleviate the fiscal crisis currently facing the new Government;", "15. Welcomes the intention of the Secretary-General to report on the lessons learned during the course of UNTAC in the context of the Agenda for Peace.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26687", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: FRANCES/INGLES", "Proyecto de resolución", "El Consejo de Seguridad,", "Recordando su resolución 745 (1992), de 28 de febrero de 1992, relativa al plan de aplicación de los Acuerdos de París sobre Camboya, y las resoluciones pertinentes posteriores,", "Tomando nota de los informes del Secretario General de fecha 5 de octubre de 1993 (S/26529), 7 de octubre de 1993 (S/26546) y 27 de octubre de 1993 (S/26649 y Add.1) y de su carta al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad de fecha 28 de octubre de 1993 (S/26675),", "Tomando nota con satisfacción de los éxitos logrados durante el período de transición por el pueblo camboyano, bajo la dirección de Su Majestad Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, Rey de Camboya, en la promoción de la paz, la estabilidad y la reconciliación nacional,", "Acogiendo complacido la aprobación de la Constitución, de conformidad con los Acuerdos de París sobre Camboya,", "Reconociendo que el mandato de la Autoridad Provisional de las Naciones Unidas en Camboya (APRONUC) ha concluido tras el establecimiento del Gobierno constitucional el 24 de septiembre de 1993, de conformidad con los Acuerdos de París,", "Tomando nota con gran satisfacción de que, habiendo culminado con éxito la misión de la APRONUC tras las elecciones celebradas del 23 al 28 de mayo de 1993, se ha logrado el objetivo de los Acuerdos de París de devolver al pueblo camboyano y a sus dirigentes democráticamente electos la responsabilidad fundamental en lo que respecta a la paz, la estabilidad, la reconciliación nacional y la reconstrucción de su país,", "Rindiendo homenaje a los Estados Miembros que aportaron personal a la APRONUC y expresando su pesar y su pésame a los gobiernos cuyos nacionales perdieron la vida o sufrieron bajas en aras de la causa de la paz en Camboya, así como a las familias de las víctimas,", "Subrayando la importancia de consolidar los logros del pueblo camboyano mediante la prestación rápida y sin trabas de asistencia internacional apropiada", "para la rehabilitación, la reconstrucción y el desarrollo de Camboya y para la consolidación de la paz en ese país,", "Tomando nota de la necesidad de garantizar la finalización segura y ordenada del retiro del componente militar de la APRONUC de Camboya y la continuidad de las funciones vitales de limpieza de minas y capacitación del Centro de Acción de Minas de Camboya,", "1. Acoge con satisfacción la ascensión al trono de Su Majestad Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, Rey de Camboya, y subraya la importancia que sigue teniendo su papel en la consolidación de la paz, la estabilidad y la auténtica reconciliación nacional en Camboya;", "2. Acoge también con satisfacción la formación del nuevo Gobierno de toda Camboya, establecido de conformidad con la Constitución y sobre la base de las elecciones celebradas recientemente;", "3. Rinde homenaje a la labor realizada por la APRONUC, cuyo éxito, bajo la autoridad del Secretario General y su Representante Especial, constituye un logro muy importante para las Naciones Unidas;", "4. Exhorta a todos los Estados a que respeten la soberanía, la independencia, la integridad y la inviolabilidad territorial, la neutralidad y la unidad nacional de Camboya;", "5. Exige que se ponga fin a todos los actos ilegales de violencia, cualesquiera sean sus razones, y a las actividades militares dirigidas contra el Gobierno democráticamente electo de Camboya, así como contra el personal de la APRONUC y otros organismos de las Naciones Unidas e internacionales;", "6. Afirma, particularmente en vista de la trágica historia reciente de Camboya, la importancia de asegurar el respeto del derecho internacional humanitario en ese país, acoge complacido a este respecto el compromiso asumido por el Primer Ministro del Real Gobierno de Camboya de aplicar las disposiciones correspondientes de la nueva Constitución de Camboya, y aprueba los arreglos previstos en los párrafos 27 a 29 del informe del Secretario General de 26 de agosto de 1993 (S/26360) con el fin de que las Naciones Unidas realicen actividades apropiadas para apoyar ese compromiso, de conformidad con las disposiciones pertinentes de los Acuerdos de París;", "7. Insta a los Estados Miembros a que presten asistencia al Centro de Acción de Minas de Camboya mediante el suministro de expertos técnicos y de equipo, y a que apoyen los trabajos de limpieza de minas mediante contribuciones voluntarias;", "8. Expresa la esperanza de que puedan hacerse lo antes posible los arreglos necesarios para aportar recursos de los fondos fiduciarios pertinentes al Centro de Acción de Minas de Camboya y para proporcionar expertos técnicos al Centro por conducto del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo;", "9. Toma nota de que, con las excepciones indicadas en los párrafos 10 y 11 infra, continúa el proceso de retiro seguro y ordenado del componente militar", "de la APRONUC previsto en su resolución 860 (1993), que deberá terminar el 15 de noviembre de 1993;", "10. Decide prorrogar el período de retiro de la Dependencia de limpieza de minas y capacitación de la APRONUC hasta el 30 de noviembre de 1993;", "11. Decide prorrogar hasta después del 15 de noviembre de 1993 el período de retiro de elementos de los componentes médico y de policía militar de la APRONUC, de conformidad con las recomendaciones detalladas formuladas en la carta de fecha 28 de octubre de 1993 dirigida al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad por el Secretario General, en la inteligencia de que todos esos elementos se habrán retirado para el 31 de diciembre de 1993;", "12. Decide establecer un equipo integrado por 20 oficiales militares de enlace por un único período de seis meses con el mandato de informar sobre las cuestiones que afecten la seguridad en Camboya, mantener el enlace con el Gobierno de Camboya y ayudarlo a resolver las cuestiones militares relacionadas con los Acuerdos de París que aún queden pendientes;", "13. Acoge con satisfacción la intención del Secretario General de nombrar, en vista de lo solicitado por el Real Gobierno de Camboya y del invariable compromiso de las Naciones Unidas respecto de Camboya, una persona que, por un período que convengan el Secretario General y el Gobierno de Camboya, se encargue de coordinar la presencia de las Naciones Unidas en Camboya, de conformidad con el espíritu y los principios de los Acuerdos de París;", "14. Insta a los Estados Miembros a que sigan ayudando al Gobierno de Camboya a lograr sus objetivos de reconciliación y rehabilitación nacional, les pide que cumplan sin demora los compromisos contraídos en la reunión del Comité Internacional de Reconstrucción de Camboya y subraya la necesidad de que se proporcione rápidamente asistencia con el fin de aliviar la crisis financiera que enfrenta actualmente el nuevo Gobierno;", "15. Acoge con satisfacción la intención del Secretario General de informar sobre la experiencia adquirida en el curso de las actividades de la APRONUC en el contexto de un Programa de Paz.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26687", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/FRENCH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Recalling its resolution 745 (1992) of 28 February 1992 concerning the implementation plan of the Paris Agreements on Cambodia and subsequent relevant resolutions,", "Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General dated 5 October 1993 (S/26529), 7 October 1993 (S/26546) and 27 October 1993 (S/26649 and Add.1), and of his letter to the President of the Security Council dated 28 October 1993 (S/26675),", "Noting with satisfaction the success during the transitional period of the Cambodian people, under the leadership of His Majesty Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, in promoting peace, stability and national reconciliation,", "Welcoming the adoption of the constitution in accordance with the Paris Agreements on Cambodia,", "Recognizing the termination of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) mandate following the establishment of the constitutional government on 24 September 1993 in accordance with the Paris Agreements,", "Noting with great satisfaction that, with the successful conclusion of the UNTAC mission following the election of 23-28 May 1993, the goal of the Paris Agreements of restoring to the Cambodian people and their democratically elected leaders their primary responsibility for peace, stability, national reconciliation and reconstruction in their country has been achieved,", "Paying tribute to those Member States which contributed personnel to UNTAC and expressing sympathy and sorrow to those Governments whose nationals lost their lives or suffered casualties for the cause of peace in Cambodia as well as to their families,", "Stressing the importance of consolidating the achievements of the Cambodian people by smooth and rapid delivery of appropriate international assistance towards rehabilitation, reconstruction and development in Cambodia and towards peace-building in that country,", "93-60903 (E) 041193 /...", "Noting the need to ensure the safe and orderly completion of the withdrawal of the military component of UNTAC from Cambodia, and the continuity of the vital mine clearance and training functions of the Cambodia Mine Action Centre (CMAC),", "1. Welcomes the accession to the throne of His Majesty Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, and stresses the importance of his continuing role in consolidating peace, stability and genuine national reconciliation in Cambodia;", "2. Welcomes also the formation of the new Government of all Cambodia, established in accordance with the constitution and based upon the recent election;", "3. Pays tribute to the work of UNTAC whose success, under the authority of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, constitutes a major achievement for the United Nations;", "4. Calls upon all States to respect the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality and national unity of Cambodia;", "5. Demands the cessation of all illegal acts of violence, on whatever grounds, and the cessation of military activities directed against the democratically elected Government of Cambodia, as well as against the personnel of UNTAC and other United Nations and international agencies;", "6. Affirms the importance, particularly in view of the recent tragic history of Cambodia, of ensuring respect for international humanitarian law in that country, welcomes in this regard the commitment of the First Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia to the implementation of the relevant provisions of the new Cambodian Constitution, and endorses the arrangements foreshadowed in paragraphs 27-29 of the Secretary-General's report of 26 August 1993 (S/26360) for appropriate United Nations activities in support of this commitment in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Paris Agreements;", "7. Urges Member States to assist CMAC with technical experts and equipment, and to support de-mining work through voluntary contributions;", "8. Expresses the hope that arrangements can be made as soon as possible so that relevant trust fund monies can be disbursed to CMAC and so that technical experts can be provided to CMAC through the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP);", "9. Notes that, with the exceptions set out in paragraphs 10 and 11 below, the safe and orderly withdrawal of the military component of UNTAC provided for in resolution 860 (1993) continues and will end on 15 November 1993;", "10. Decides to extend the period of withdrawal of the mine clearance and training unit of UNTAC until 30 November 1993;", "11. Decides to extend the period of withdrawal beyond 15 November 1993 for elements of the military police and medical components of UNTAC in accordance with the detailed recommendations set out in the Secretary-General's letter to the President of the Security Council of 28 October 1993, on the basis that all of these elements will be withdrawn by 31 December 1993;", "12. Decides to establish a team of 20 military liaison officers for a single period of six months with a mandate to report on matters affecting security in Cambodia, to maintain liaison with the Government of Cambodia and to assist the Government in dealing with residual military matters relating to the Paris Agreements;", "13. Welcomes the intention of the Secretary-General, in light of the request by the Royal Government of Cambodia and the continuing commitment of the United Nations to Cambodia, to appoint for a period to be agreed upon by the Secretary‑General and the Government of Cambodia, a person to coordinate the United Nations presence in Cambodia, in accordance with the spirit and principles of the Paris Agreements;", "14. Urges Member States to continue to help the Government of Cambodia in achieving its objectives of national reconciliation and rehabilitation of Cambodia and requests them to implement without delay the undertakings made during the meeting of the International Committee on Reconstruction of Cambodia and stresses the need for quick disbursing assistance to provide support for help to alleviate the fiscal crisis currently facing the new Government;", "15. Welcomes the intention of the Secretary-General to report on the lessons learned during the course of UNTAC in the context of the Agenda for Peace.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S / 26687", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH / FRENCH", "Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Recalling its resolution 745 (1992) of 28 February 1992 on the plan of implementation of the Paris Agreements on Cambodia and subsequent relevant resolutions,", "Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General dated 5 October 1993 (S / 26529), 7 October 1993 (S / 26546) and 27 October 1993 (S / 26649 and Add.1) and his letter to the President of the Security Council dated 28 October 1993 (S / 26675),", "Noting with satisfaction the successes achieved during the transition period by the Cambodian people, under the leadership of His Majesty Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, in promoting peace, stability and national reconciliation,", "Welcoming the adoption of the Constitution, in accordance with the Paris Agreements on Cambodia,", "Recognizing that the mandate of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) has been completed following the establishment of the constitutional Government on 24 September 1993, in accordance with the Paris Agreements,", "Noting with great satisfaction that, having successfully completed the UNTAC mission following the elections held from 23 to 28 May 1993, the Paris Agreements have achieved the objective of restoring the fundamental responsibility for peace, stability, national reconciliation and reconstruction to the Cambodian people and their democratically elected leaders,", "Paying tribute to those Member States that contributed personnel to UNTAC and expressing their regret and condolences to those Governments whose nationals lost their lives or suffered casualties for the sake of peace in Cambodia, as well as to the families of the victims,", "Underlining the importance of consolidating the achievements of the Cambodian people through the rapid and unhindered delivery of appropriate international assistance", "for the rehabilitation, reconstruction and development of Cambodia and for the consolidation of peace in Cambodia,", "Noting the need to ensure the safe and orderly completion of the withdrawal of the military component of UNTAC from Cambodia and the continuity of the vital mine-clearance and training functions of the Cambodia Mine Action Centre,", "1.Welcomes the ascension to the throne of His Majesty Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, and stresses the continuing importance of his role in the consolidation of peace, stability and genuine national reconciliation in Cambodia;", "2.Also welcomes the formation of the new Government of all Cambodia, established in accordance with the Constitution and on the basis of the recent elections;", "3.It pays tribute to the work of UNTAC, whose success, under the authority of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, is a very important achievement for the United Nations;", "4.Calls upon all States to respect the sovereignty, independence, integrity and territorial inviolability, neutrality and national unity of Cambodia;", "5.Demands that all illegal acts of violence, whatever their reasons, and military activities directed against the democratically elected Government of Cambodia, as well as against UNTAC and other United Nations and international agencies, be ended;", "6.Affirms, particularly in view of the tragic recent history of Cambodia, the importance of ensuring respect for international humanitarian law in Cambodia, welcomes in this regard the commitment of the Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia to implement the relevant provisions of the new Constitution of Cambodia, and approves the arrangements provided for in paragraphs 27 to 29 of the report of the Secretary-General of 26 August 1993 (S / 26360) to ensure that the United Nations is in an appropriate manner to support that commitment, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Paris Agreements;", "7.Urges Member States to assist the Cambodian Mine Action Centre through the provision of technical experts and equipment, and to support mine-clearance efforts through voluntary contributions;", "8.Expresses the hope that the necessary arrangements can be made as soon as possible to provide resources from the relevant trust funds to the Cambodia Mine Action Centre and to provide technical experts to the Centre through the United Nations Development Programme;", "9.Notes that, with the exceptions set out in paragraphs 10 and 11 below, the process of safe and orderly withdrawal of the military component continues", "UNTAC pursuant to its resolution 860 (1993), to be completed on 15 November 1993;", "10.Decides to extend the withdrawal period of the UNTAC Mine-Clearance and Training Unit until 30 November 1993;", "11.Decides to extend until after 15 November 1993 the period of withdrawal of elements of the medical and military police components of UNTAC, in accordance with the detailed recommendations contained in the letter dated 28 October 1993 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council, on the understanding that all such elements will have been withdrawn by 31 December 1993;", "12.Decides to establish a team of 20 military liaison officers for a single period of six months with a mandate to report on security-related issues in Cambodia, to maintain liaison with the Government of Cambodia and to assist it in resolving the remaining military issues related to the Paris Agreements;", "13.Welcomes the intention of the Secretary-General to appoint, in the light of the request of the Royal Government of Cambodia and the continued commitment of the United Nations to Cambodia, a person to be coordinated by the Secretary-General and the Government of Cambodia for a period to be agreed upon in the spirit and principles of the Paris Agreements;", "14.Urges Member States to continue to assist the Government of Cambodia in achieving its objectives of reconciliation and national rehabilitation, calls upon them to fulfil without delay the commitments made at the meeting of the International Committee for Reconstruction of Cambodia, and stresses the need for rapid assistance to alleviate the financial crisis currently facing the new Government;", "15.It welcomes the Secretary-General & apos; s intention to report on the lessons learned in the course of UNTAC & apos; s activities in the context of an Agenda for Peace.", "-----" ]	"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"
"kG94JzRw/u1bwsAcME0uDxyqcUabQErS4gLIPx6vLnU="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire. Distr.", "GENERALE", "S/26687", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS/FRANCAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. Projet de résolution", "Le Conseil de sécurité,", "Rappelant sa résolution 745 (1992) du 28 février 1992 concernant le plan d'application des Accords de Paris sur le Cambodge et ses résolutions ultérieures sur la question,", "Prenant acte des rapports du Secrétaire général en date des 5 octobre 1993 (S/26529), 7 octobre 1993 (S/26546) et 27 octobre 1993 (S/26649 et Add.1), ainsi que de la lettre datée du 28 octobre 1993 (S/26675), que le Secrétaire général a adressée au Président du Conseil de sécurité,", "Notant avec satisfaction que, durant la période de transition, le peuple cambodgien, sous la direction de S. M. Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, Roi du Cambodge, a réussi à promouvoir la paix, la stabilité et la réconciliation nationale,", "Se félicitant de l'adoption de la Constitution conformément aux Accords de Paris sur le Cambodge,", "Considérant que le mandat de l'Autorité provisoire des Nations Unies au Cambodge (APRONUC) a pris fin avec la formation du Gouvernement constitutionnel, le 24 septembre 1993, conformément aux Accords de Paris,", "Notant avec une vive satisfaction que, la Mission de l'APRONUC ayant été menée à bonne fin à la suite des élections tenues du 23 au 28 mai 1993, l'objectif des Accords de Paris s'est trouvé réalisé, à savoir redonner au peuple cambodgien et à ses dirigeants démocratiquement élus la possibilité d'assumer la responsabilité principale de la paix, de la stabilité, de la réconciliation nationale et de la reconstruction dans leur pays,", "Rendant hommage aux Etats Membres qui ont fourni du personnel à l'APRONUC et exprimant sa sympathie et ses condoléances aux gouvernements dont des ressortissants ont perdu la vie ou ont été blessés pour la cause de la paix au Cambodge, ainsi qu'aux familles des victimes,", "Soulignant qu'il importe de consolider les acquis du peuple cambodgien en lui fournissant rapidement et sans contretemps une assistance internationale appropriée pour le relèvement, la reconstruction et le développement au Cambodge, et pour la consolidation de la paix dans ce pays,", "Notant qu'il importe que la composante militaire de l'APRONUC puisse effectuer son retrait du Cambodge dans l'ordre et la sécurité et que les activités cruciales de déminage et de formation que mène le Centre cambodgien de déminage puissent se poursuivre,", "1. Se félicite de l'accession au trône de S. M. Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, Roi du Cambodge, et souligne l'importance du rôle qu'il continue à jouer en faveur de la consolidation de la paix, de la stabilité et de la réconciliation nationale authentique au Cambodge;", "2. Se félicite également de la formation du nouveau gouvernement de l'ensemble du Cambodge, établi conformément à la Constitution et sur la base des résultats des récentes élections;", "3. Rend hommage au travail de l'APRONUC, dont le succès, sous l'autorité du Secrétaire général et de son Représentant spécial, constitue une réussite majeure pour l'Organisation des Nations Unies;", "4. Demande à tous les Etats de respecter la souveraineté, l'indépendance, l'intégrité et l'inviolabilité territoriales, la neutralité et l'unité nationale du Cambodge;", "5. Exige la cessation de tous les actes de violence illégaux, quels que soient leurs motifs, ainsi que la cessation des activités militaires dirigées contre le Gouvernement démocratiquement élu du Cambodge ainsi que contre le personnel de l'APRONUC et d'autres organismes des Nations Unies et organisations internationales;", "6. Considère qu'eu égard en particulier aux événements tragiques de l'histoire récente du Cambodge, il est indispensable d'assurer le respect du droit international humanitaire dans ce pays, se félicite à cet égard de l'engagement qu'a pris le Premier Président du Gouvernement royal du Cambodge d'appliquer les dispositions pertinentes de la nouvelle Constitution cambodgienne, et approuve les arrangements envisagés dans les paragraphes 27 à 29 du rapport du Secrétaire général en date du 26 août 1993 (S/26360), concernant les activités que l'Organisation des Nations Unies pourrait utilement entreprendre pour contribuer au respect de cet engagement, conformément aux dispositions pertinentes des Accords de Paris;", "7. Demande instamment aux Etats Membres d'apporter au Centre cambodgien de déminage une aide en experts techniques et en matériel, et de faciliter les opérations de déminage en versant des contributions volontaires;", "8. Exprime l'espoir que des arrangements pourront être conclus sans tarder pour que des ressources appropriées du Fonds d'affectation spéciale puissent être allouées au Centre cambodgien de déminage et que des experts techniques puissent lui être fournis par l'intermédiaire du Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement;", "9. Note que, sous réserve des exceptions indiquées aux paragraphes 10 et 11 ci‑après, le retrait de la composante militaire de l'APRONUC dans l'ordre et la sécurité, prévu dans la résolution 860 (1993), se terminera le 15 novembre 1993;", "10. Décide de prolonger la période de retrait du Groupe de déminage et de formation de l'APRONUC jusqu'au 30 novembre 1993;", "11. Décide de prolonger la période de retrait au‑delà du 15 novembre 1993 en ce qui concerne des éléments de la police militaire et du service médical de l'APRONUC conformément aux recommandations détaillées formulées par le Secrétaire général dans la lettre qu'il a adressée le 28 octobre 1993 au Président du Conseil de sécurité, étant entendu que tous les éléments en question seront retirés d'ici au 31 décembre 1993;", "12. Décide de mettre en place, pour une période de six mois non renouvelable, une équipe de 20 officiers de liaison militaire chargés de faire rapport sur toutes questions ayant trait à la sécurité au Cambodge, d'assurer la liaison avec le Gouvernement cambodgien et d'aider celui‑ci à régler les questions militaires en suspens liées aux Accords de Paris;", "13. Se félicite que le Secrétaire général, compte tenu de la demande formulée par le Gouvernement royal du Cambodge et de l'engagement continu de l'Organisation des Nations Unies au Cambodge, se propose de désigner pour une période à convenir entre le Secrétaire général et le Gouvernement du Cambodge une personne chargée de coordonner les activités de l'Organisation au Cambodge, conformément à l'esprit des Accords de Paris et aux principes qui y sont énoncés;", "14. Prie instamment les Etats Membres de continuer à aider le Gouvernement cambodgien à atteindre ses objectifs de réconciliation nationale et de redressement du Cambodge, les invite à honorer sans retard les engagements pris à la réunion du Comité international pour la reconstruction du Cambodge et souligne qu'il importe de débloquer rapidement des fonds pour aider à atténuer la crise financière à laquelle le nouveau gouvernement se trouve actuellement confronté;", "15. Se félicite que le Secrétaire général se propose de rendre compte des enseignements tirés des opérations de l'APRONUC dans l'optique de l'Agenda pour la paix.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26687", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: FRANCES/INGLES", "Proyecto de resolución", "El Consejo de Seguridad,", "Recordando su resolución 745 (1992), de 28 de febrero de 1992, relativa al plan de aplicación de los Acuerdos de París sobre Camboya, y las resoluciones pertinentes posteriores,", "Tomando nota de los informes del Secretario General de fecha 5 de octubre de 1993 (S/26529), 7 de octubre de 1993 (S/26546) y 27 de octubre de 1993 (S/26649 y Add.1) y de su carta al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad de fecha 28 de octubre de 1993 (S/26675),", "Tomando nota con satisfacción de los éxitos logrados durante el período de transición por el pueblo camboyano, bajo la dirección de Su Majestad Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, Rey de Camboya, en la promoción de la paz, la estabilidad y la reconciliación nacional,", "Acogiendo complacido la aprobación de la Constitución, de conformidad con los Acuerdos de París sobre Camboya,", "Reconociendo que el mandato de la Autoridad Provisional de las Naciones Unidas en Camboya (APRONUC) ha concluido tras el establecimiento del Gobierno constitucional el 24 de septiembre de 1993, de conformidad con los Acuerdos de París,", "Tomando nota con gran satisfacción de que, habiendo culminado con éxito la misión de la APRONUC tras las elecciones celebradas del 23 al 28 de mayo de 1993, se ha logrado el objetivo de los Acuerdos de París de devolver al pueblo camboyano y a sus dirigentes democráticamente electos la responsabilidad fundamental en lo que respecta a la paz, la estabilidad, la reconciliación nacional y la reconstrucción de su país,", "Rindiendo homenaje a los Estados Miembros que aportaron personal a la APRONUC y expresando su pesar y su pésame a los gobiernos cuyos nacionales perdieron la vida o sufrieron bajas en aras de la causa de la paz en Camboya, así como a las familias de las víctimas,", "Subrayando la importancia de consolidar los logros del pueblo camboyano mediante la prestación rápida y sin trabas de asistencia internacional apropiada", "para la rehabilitación, la reconstrucción y el desarrollo de Camboya y para la consolidación de la paz en ese país,", "Tomando nota de la necesidad de garantizar la finalización segura y ordenada del retiro del componente militar de la APRONUC de Camboya y la continuidad de las funciones vitales de limpieza de minas y capacitación del Centro de Acción de Minas de Camboya,", "1. Acoge con satisfacción la ascensión al trono de Su Majestad Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, Rey de Camboya, y subraya la importancia que sigue teniendo su papel en la consolidación de la paz, la estabilidad y la auténtica reconciliación nacional en Camboya;", "2. Acoge también con satisfacción la formación del nuevo Gobierno de toda Camboya, establecido de conformidad con la Constitución y sobre la base de las elecciones celebradas recientemente;", "3. Rinde homenaje a la labor realizada por la APRONUC, cuyo éxito, bajo la autoridad del Secretario General y su Representante Especial, constituye un logro muy importante para las Naciones Unidas;", "4. Exhorta a todos los Estados a que respeten la soberanía, la independencia, la integridad y la inviolabilidad territorial, la neutralidad y la unidad nacional de Camboya;", "5. Exige que se ponga fin a todos los actos ilegales de violencia, cualesquiera sean sus razones, y a las actividades militares dirigidas contra el Gobierno democráticamente electo de Camboya, así como contra el personal de la APRONUC y otros organismos de las Naciones Unidas e internacionales;", "6. Afirma, particularmente en vista de la trágica historia reciente de Camboya, la importancia de asegurar el respeto del derecho internacional humanitario en ese país, acoge complacido a este respecto el compromiso asumido por el Primer Ministro del Real Gobierno de Camboya de aplicar las disposiciones correspondientes de la nueva Constitución de Camboya, y aprueba los arreglos previstos en los párrafos 27 a 29 del informe del Secretario General de 26 de agosto de 1993 (S/26360) con el fin de que las Naciones Unidas realicen actividades apropiadas para apoyar ese compromiso, de conformidad con las disposiciones pertinentes de los Acuerdos de París;", "7. Insta a los Estados Miembros a que presten asistencia al Centro de Acción de Minas de Camboya mediante el suministro de expertos técnicos y de equipo, y a que apoyen los trabajos de limpieza de minas mediante contribuciones voluntarias;", "8. Expresa la esperanza de que puedan hacerse lo antes posible los arreglos necesarios para aportar recursos de los fondos fiduciarios pertinentes al Centro de Acción de Minas de Camboya y para proporcionar expertos técnicos al Centro por conducto del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo;", "9. Toma nota de que, con las excepciones indicadas en los párrafos 10 y 11 infra, continúa el proceso de retiro seguro y ordenado del componente militar", "de la APRONUC previsto en su resolución 860 (1993), que deberá terminar el 15 de noviembre de 1993;", "10. Decide prorrogar el período de retiro de la Dependencia de limpieza de minas y capacitación de la APRONUC hasta el 30 de noviembre de 1993;", "11. Decide prorrogar hasta después del 15 de noviembre de 1993 el período de retiro de elementos de los componentes médico y de policía militar de la APRONUC, de conformidad con las recomendaciones detalladas formuladas en la carta de fecha 28 de octubre de 1993 dirigida al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad por el Secretario General, en la inteligencia de que todos esos elementos se habrán retirado para el 31 de diciembre de 1993;", "12. Decide establecer un equipo integrado por 20 oficiales militares de enlace por un único período de seis meses con el mandato de informar sobre las cuestiones que afecten la seguridad en Camboya, mantener el enlace con el Gobierno de Camboya y ayudarlo a resolver las cuestiones militares relacionadas con los Acuerdos de París que aún queden pendientes;", "13. Acoge con satisfacción la intención del Secretario General de nombrar, en vista de lo solicitado por el Real Gobierno de Camboya y del invariable compromiso de las Naciones Unidas respecto de Camboya, una persona que, por un período que convengan el Secretario General y el Gobierno de Camboya, se encargue de coordinar la presencia de las Naciones Unidas en Camboya, de conformidad con el espíritu y los principios de los Acuerdos de París;", "14. Insta a los Estados Miembros a que sigan ayudando al Gobierno de Camboya a lograr sus objetivos de reconciliación y rehabilitación nacional, les pide que cumplan sin demora los compromisos contraídos en la reunión del Comité Internacional de Reconstrucción de Camboya y subraya la necesidad de que se proporcione rápidamente asistencia con el fin de aliviar la crisis financiera que enfrenta actualmente el nuevo Gobierno;", "15. Acoge con satisfacción la intención del Secretario General de informar sobre la experiencia adquirida en el curso de las actividades de la APRONUC en el contexto de un Programa de Paz.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary.Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26687", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/FRENCH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Recalling its resolution 745 (1992) of 28 February 1992 on the plan of implementation of the Paris Agreements on Cambodia and its subsequent resolutions thereon,", "Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General of 5 October 1993 (S/26529), 7 October 1993 (S/26546) and 27 October 1993 (S/26649 and Add.1), and the letter dated 28 October 1993 (S/26675) from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council,", "Noting with satisfaction that, during the transitional period, the Cambodian people, under the leadership of His Excellency Mr. Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, succeeded in promoting peace, stability and national reconciliation,", "Welcoming the adoption of the Constitution in accordance with the Paris Agreements on Cambodia,", "Considering that the mandate of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) ended with the formation of the Constitutional Government on 24 September 1993, in accordance with the Paris Agreements,", "Noting with great satisfaction that, following the successful completion of the mission of the United Nations Organization Organization Mission in Cambodia (UNTAC) following the elections held from 23 to 28 May 1993, the objective of the Paris Agreements has been achieved, namely to restore the opportunity for the Cambodian people and their democratically elected leaders to assume primary responsibility for peace, stability, national reconciliation and reconstruction in their countries,", "Commending the Member States that have contributed personnel to UNTAC and expressing their sympathy and condolences to Governments whose nationals have lost their lives or been injured in the cause of peace in Cambodia, as well as to the families of the victims,", "Stressing the importance of consolidating the achievements of the Cambodian people by providing them with timely and timely international assistance for the rehabilitation, reconstruction and development of Cambodia and for the consolidation of peace in that country,", "Noting the importance of the military component of UNTAC being able to carry out its orderly and secure withdrawal from Cambodia and of the continued critical demining and training activities of the Cambodian Mine Action Centre,", "1.Welcomes the accession to the throne of His Excellency Mr. Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, and stresses the importance of his continued role in consolidating peace, stability and genuine national reconciliation in Cambodia;", "2.Also welcomes the formation of the new Government of Cambodia as a whole, in accordance with the Constitution and on the basis of the results of the recent elections;", "3.Commends the work of the United Nations Office at Nairobi, whose success, under the authority of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, is a major achievement for the United Nations;", "4.Calls upon all States to respect the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality and national unity of Cambodia;", "5.Demands the cessation of all illegal acts of violence, regardless of their motives, and the cessation of military activities directed against the democratically elected Government of Cambodia, as well as against the personnel of UNTAC and other United Nations agencies and international organizations;", "6.Recognizes that, in particular in the light of the tragic events in recent history of Cambodia, it is essential to ensure respect for international humanitarian law in Cambodia, welcomes in this regard the commitment of the First President of the Royal Government of Cambodia to implement the relevant provisions of the new Cambodian Constitution, and endorses the arrangements envisaged in paragraphs 27 to 29 of the report of the Secretary-General of 26 August 1993 (S/26360) concerning the activities that the United Nations could usefully undertake to contribute to the fulfilment of this commitment, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Paris Agreements;", "7.Urges Member States to provide technical and material assistance to the Cambodian Mine Action Centre and to facilitate mine clearance operations through voluntary contributions;", "8.Expresses the hope that arrangements can be reached without delay to ensure that appropriate resources from the Trust Fund can be allocated to the Cambodian Mine Action Centre and that technical experts can be provided through the United Nations Development Programme;", "9.Notes that, subject to the exceptions set out in paragraphs 10 and 11 below, the withdrawal of the military component of UNTAC in order and security, as provided for in resolution 860 (1993), will end on 15 November 1993;", "10.Decides to extend the withdrawal period of the UNTAC Demining and Training Unit until 30 November 1993;", "11.Decides to extend the withdrawal period beyond 15 November 1993 in respect of elements of the military police and medical service of UNTAC in accordance with the detailed recommendations made by the Secretary-General in his letter of 28 October 1993 to the President of the Security Council, on the understanding that all such elements will be withdrawn by 31 December 1993;", "12.Decides to establish a team of 20 military liaison officers for a non-renewable period of six months to report on any security-related issues in Cambodia, to liaise with the Government of Cambodia and to assist the Government in resolving outstanding military issues related to the Paris Agreements;", "13.Welcomes the intention of the Secretary-General, in the light of the request of the Royal Government of Cambodia and the continuing engagement of the United Nations in Cambodia, to designate a person for a period to be agreed between the Secretary-General and the Government of Cambodia to coordinate the activities of the Organization in Cambodia, in accordance with the spirit and principles of the Paris Agreements;", "14.Urges Member States to continue to assist the Government of Cambodia in achieving its goals of national reconciliation and recovery in Cambodia, invites them to honour without delay the commitments made at the meeting of the International Committee for the Reconstruction of Cambodia, and stresses the importance of early release of funds to help alleviate the financial crisis currently facing the new Government;", "15.Welcomes the Secretary-General's intention to report on lessons learned from the operations of UNTAC in the context of the Agenda for Peace.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S / 26687", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH / FRENCH", "Draft resolution", "The Security Council,", "Recalling its resolution 745 (1992) of 28 February 1992 on the plan of implementation of the Paris Agreements on Cambodia and subsequent relevant resolutions,", "Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General dated 5 October 1993 (S / 26529), 7 October 1993 (S / 26546) and 27 October 1993 (S / 26649 and Add.1) and his letter to the President of the Security Council dated 28 October 1993 (S / 26675),", "Noting with satisfaction the successes achieved during the transition period by the Cambodian people, under the leadership of His Majesty Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, in promoting peace, stability and national reconciliation,", "Welcoming the adoption of the Constitution, in accordance with the Paris Agreements on Cambodia,", "Recognizing that the mandate of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) has been completed following the establishment of the constitutional Government on 24 September 1993, in accordance with the Paris Agreements,", "Noting with great satisfaction that, having successfully completed the UNTAC mission following the elections held from 23 to 28 May 1993, the Paris Agreements have achieved the objective of restoring the fundamental responsibility for peace, stability, national reconciliation and reconstruction to the Cambodian people and their democratically elected leaders,", "Paying tribute to those Member States that contributed personnel to UNTAC and expressing their regret and condolences to those Governments whose nationals lost their lives or suffered casualties for the sake of peace in Cambodia, as well as to the families of the victims,", "Underlining the importance of consolidating the achievements of the Cambodian people through the rapid and unhindered delivery of appropriate international assistance", "for the rehabilitation, reconstruction and development of Cambodia and for the consolidation of peace in Cambodia,", "Noting the need to ensure the safe and orderly completion of the withdrawal of the military component of UNTAC from Cambodia and the continuity of the vital mine-clearance and training functions of the Cambodia Mine Action Centre,", "1.Welcomes the ascension to the throne of His Majesty Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia, and stresses the continuing importance of his role in the consolidation of peace, stability and genuine national reconciliation in Cambodia;", "2.Also welcomes the formation of the new Government of all Cambodia, established in accordance with the Constitution and on the basis of the recent elections;", "3.It pays tribute to the work of UNTAC, whose success, under the authority of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, is a very important achievement for the United Nations;", "4.Calls upon all States to respect the sovereignty, independence, integrity and territorial inviolability, neutrality and national unity of Cambodia;", "5.Demands that all illegal acts of violence, whatever their reasons, and military activities directed against the democratically elected Government of Cambodia, as well as against UNTAC and other United Nations and international agencies, be ended;", "6.Affirms, particularly in view of the tragic recent history of Cambodia, the importance of ensuring respect for international humanitarian law in Cambodia, welcomes in this regard the commitment of the Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia to implement the relevant provisions of the new Constitution of Cambodia, and approves the arrangements provided for in paragraphs 27 to 29 of the report of the Secretary-General of 26 August 1993 (S / 26360) to ensure that the United Nations is in an appropriate manner to support that commitment, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Paris Agreements;", "7.Urges Member States to assist the Cambodian Mine Action Centre through the provision of technical experts and equipment, and to support mine-clearance efforts through voluntary contributions;", "8.Expresses the hope that the necessary arrangements can be made as soon as possible to provide resources from the relevant trust funds to the Cambodia Mine Action Centre and to provide technical experts to the Centre through the United Nations Development Programme;", "9.Notes that, with the exceptions set out in paragraphs 10 and 11 below, the process of safe and orderly withdrawal of the military component continues", "UNTAC pursuant to its resolution 860 (1993), to be completed on 15 November 1993;", "10.Decides to extend the withdrawal period of the UNTAC Mine-Clearance and Training Unit until 30 November 1993;", "11.Decides to extend until after 15 November 1993 the period of withdrawal of elements of the medical and military police components of UNTAC, in accordance with the detailed recommendations contained in the letter dated 28 October 1993 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council, on the understanding that all such elements will have been withdrawn by 31 December 1993;", "12.Decides to establish a team of 20 military liaison officers for a single period of six months with a mandate to report on security-related issues in Cambodia, to maintain liaison with the Government of Cambodia and to assist it in resolving the remaining military issues related to the Paris Agreements;", "13.Welcomes the intention of the Secretary-General to appoint, in the light of the request of the Royal Government of Cambodia and the continued commitment of the United Nations to Cambodia, a person to be coordinated by the Secretary-General and the Government of Cambodia for a period to be agreed upon in the spirit and principles of the Paris Agreements;", "14.Urges Member States to continue to assist the Government of Cambodia in achieving its objectives of reconciliation and national rehabilitation, calls upon them to fulfil without delay the commitments made at the meeting of the International Committee for Reconstruction of Cambodia, and stresses the need for rapid assistance to alleviate the financial crisis currently facing the new Government;", "15.It welcomes the Secretary-General & apos; s intention to report on the lessons learned in the course of UNTAC & apos; s activities in the context of an Agenda for Peace.", "-----" ]	"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"
"+9ift8gnoK+U2VMDl2ZQ97msVDCw4jTWiz4JR+8dB0s="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26685", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. NOTE BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the Security Council the attached communication which he has received from the Acting Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).", "93-60760 (E) 081193 /...", "Annex", "Letter dated 29 October 1993 from the Acting Director General", "of the International Atomic Energy Agency addressed to the", "Secretary-General", "In paragraph 8 of resolution 715 (1991), adopted on 11 October 1991, the Security Council requests the Director General of IAEA to submit to the Council reports on the implementation of the Agency's plan for future ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991. These reports are to be submitted when requested by the Security Council and, in any event, at least every six months after the adoption of resolution 715 (1991).", "Accordingly, I am requesting you to kindly transmit to the President of the Security Council the enclosed fourth six-monthly report on the implementation of the plan. The Director General will remain available for any consultations you or the Council may wish to have.", "(Signed) David WALLER", "Acting Director General", "Enclosure", "Fourth report of the Director General of the International Atomic", "Energy Agency on the implementation of the Agency's plan for", "future ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance", "with paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991)", "1. On 11 October 1991, the Security Council adopted resolution 715 (1991) approving, inter alia, the plan submitted in document S/22872/Rev.1 and Corr.1 by the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency for future ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of part C of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) and with the requirements of paragraphs 3 and 5 of resolution 707 (1991). In paragraph 8 of resolution 715 (1991), the Security Council requested the Director General of IAEA to submit to it reports on the implementation of the plan when requested by the Security Council and, in any event, at least every six months after the adoption of resolution 715 (1991). The first three reports submitted by the Director General were circulated on 15 April 1992 (S/23813), 28 October 1992 (S/24722) and 19 April 1993 (S/25621), respectively.", "2. The Director General hereby submits the fourth six-monthly report on implementation of the plan for future ongoing monitoring and verification related to Iraq's nuclear capabilities (hereinafter referred to as the plan).", "3. Since the last report of 19 April 1993, IAEA has carried out three inspection missions in Iraq, the nineteenth (30 April-7 May 1993), twentieth (25-30 June 1993) and twenty-first (24-27 July 1993) inspections. Detailed reports on the results of these inspections are contained in documents S/25982 and S/26333. The twenty-second mission is currently scheduled to take place in early November 1993.", "4. During the period under review high-level technical talks were held in New York (31 August-9 September 1993) and in Baghdad (1-9 October 1993) between delegations from the United Nations Special Commission and IAEA, on the one hand, and, on the other, a delegation from Iraq. Comprehensive reports on these two rounds of talks were circulated to the Security Council as documents S/26451, S/26571 and S/26584.", "5. These talks, which grew out of a visit to Iraq by the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission in July 1993 (see S/26127), were intended to address the nature and implementation of the provisions of the plans for ongoing monitoring and verification as approved by Security Council resolution 715 (1991), as well as all other outstanding issues between Iraq, the Commission and IAEA, with a view to resolving such issues.", "6. Progress and impediments evidenced in the course of the technical talks are summarized in the relevant sections of the present report.", "I. Declaration of items subject to the plan", "7. In the course of the high-level technical talks in New York and Baghdad the Iraqi representatives handed over, inter alia, statements on additional material (including depleted uranium and heavy water) required to be reported pursuant to annex 3 to the plan, a mid-year update of the declaration of items listed on annex 3 to the plan, a mid-year update of the list of radioisotopes in Iraq as required pursuant to paragraph 22 (d) of the plan and a mid-year update of the information on nuclear-relevant sites and facilities as required under annex 2 to the plan. In addition, the Iraqi officials provided a set of forms developed by the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) to implement a computerized system of accountancy and reporting, showing status, present location and utilization for all items listed in the declaration required under annex 3 to the plan.", "8. The information provided by the Iraqi representatives is being analysed by IAEA to determine whether it satisfies the requirements of the plan. Preliminary results of this analysis show that, while some progress has been made, the overall quality of the documentation still leaves much to be desired in terms of completeness and accuracy. A detailed list of what is needed to bring the IAEC reporting under the plan to the necessary standard has been communicated to the Iraqi Government. Promises have been obtained from IAEC that a further effort will be made to correct the shortcomings and to improve the completeness and accuracy of the documentation. In the course of the technical talks in Baghdad, IAEC informed the IAEA team that additional information required under annex 2 to the plan was in preparation and would be transmitted to the IAEA-22 inspection team.", "II. Radiometric hydrologic survey", "9. As indicated in the last report on the implementation of the plan, part of the long-term monitoring effort in Iraq involves the periodic radiometric survey of the main water bodies in Iraq. The survey serves as a measure for the timely detection of undeclared nuclear activities as well as for the establishment of a baseline for longer-term monitoring. This requires the collection of surface water, sediment and biota samples. During the nineteenth inspection, such samples were taken at 15 locations along the Tigris-Euphrates watersheds. The next sampling campaign has been scheduled for the beginning of November 1993, in connection with the twenty-second IAEA inspection mission.", "III. Periodic inspection activities", "10. Since the last report on the implementation of the plan, IAEA has conducted three inspection missions, in the course of which it has carried out two no‑notice inspections of newly designated sites, as well as a number of inspections of a monitoring nature at previously visited sites. One of these was carried out at a suspected equipment dispersal site near Al Nida (formerly Al Rabiyah), where a number of machines, including one under IAEA seal from Al Nida, were located.", "IV. Nuclear material balance", "11. As indicated above, in the course of the high-level technical talks, the Iraqi authorities made available additional information on nuclear material, in particular as it relates to depleted uranium and imported natural uranium oxide, and on the existence in Iraq of a small amount of heavy water.", "12. A complete inventory of all stocks of nuclear material, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium compounds, existing in Iraq is a prerequisite for any meaningful implementation of the plan, since it must provide the starting point of the nuclear material accountancy. Any future variation of the inventory will require a detailed explanation, will entail verification and will have to be thoroughly documented.", "13. Major inconsistencies between the Iraqi declarations concerning nuclear material and IAEA's results of samples analysis were mentioned in the last report, which raised serious questions about the completeness of the present inventory of nuclear materials in Iraq. In the course of the high-level technical talks in New York, some clarifications were provided by the Iraqi authorities. If verified, these clarifications could explain these inconsistencies. Such verification will require additional sampling and analysis.", "V. Equipment and materials", "14. In the course of the eighteenth inspection (3-11 March 1993), 242 computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools were seen for the first time during an inspection of the workshops of the Al Hatteen State Establishment. None of the machines had been included previously in the Iraqi declaration with respect to items listed in annex 3 to the plan. The Iraqi authorities asserted that the machine tools had not been included in the list because they had not met the specifications of annex 3. IAEA is currently verifying the correctness of this statement through inquiries with the manufacturers. In IAEA's inventory of CNC machine tools found in Iraq (over 1,000 items), 148 have been identified as Matrix Churchill machine tools. During the nineteenth inspection, the team ascertained that 144 of the 148 Matrix Churchill CNC machine tools did not meet the annex 3 specifications, but that the remaining 4 required further evaluation.", "15. Fifty additional Matrix Churchill CNC machine tools were found during the twentieth IAEA inspection in Iraq at the Nahrawan munition factory, following receipt of information provided by a Member State. Again the Iraqi authorities stated that this stock of CNC machine tools did not meet the specifications of annex 3. This statement is being verified by machine tools experts.", "16. IAEA has indications suggesting that a considerable number of Matrix Churchill CNC machines exported to Iraq are still missing and this matter will be pursued further.", "17. Two hundred fifty-five tons of high explosive of the HMX type are stored under IAEA seal in six bunkers at the Al Qa Qaa site. As a typical dual-use material, HMX is listed in annex 3 to the plan. The present storage conditions of HMX at Al Qa Qaa are inconvenient for monitoring and cause some safety concerns. IAEA has requested that the Iraqi side consolidate the HMX in a safer and more convenient place to facilitate sealing and regular monitoring. The IAEA-20 team evaluated two large bunkers in the Muthanna complex which Iraq had proposed as an alternative storage location. With minor modifications to improve security, these bunkers represent a considerable improvement over the current storage conditions at Al Qa Qaa. The transfer of the HMX is expected to take place during IAEA-22.", "VI. Procurement-related information", "18. A clear understanding of Iraqi procurements and the sources of technical advice for the nuclear programme has been a primary objective since the beginning of inspections in Iraq under resolution 687 (1991). During IAEA-18, following a course well established through previous inspections, a broad range of questions dealing with Iraqi procurements were put to the Iraqi side. The Iraqi side's often stated response was that, with the destruction of records during and following the Gulf war, it had no way to deal with such a general request and, in addition, it believed that most of the requested information was already in the hands of IAEA. While it is true that, through inspection data collected in Iraq, investigations undertaken by Governments of Member States and interviews with personnel of specific companies, most of the programme has been identified and that many of the front organizations and purchasing agents are also known, there still remain uncertainties as to the completeness of the information.", "19. A number of important questions, the answers to which remain outstanding, have been put to the Iraqi aide on several occasions. In December 1992, these questions were put forward in response to an offer from the Chairman of IAEC to deal positively with specific questions. These questions were restated during the first round of high-level technical talks in New York as follows:", "(a) What are the identities of the individuals and/or companies from outside Iraq who supplied technical and design information for the Iraqi magnetic centrifuge?", "(b) Who were the manufacturers, suppliers, agents and shippers for the 360-grade maraging steel? Please distinguish between the sources of the maraging steel used in the manufacture of centrifuge components outside Iraq and the stock of maraging steel presented inside Iraq. (The Iraqi side expressed concern that, while it can identify the supplier, it has no knowledge of who manufactured the maraging steel);", "(c) Who supplied the carbon fibre rotor tubes and how were technical specifications communicated to the manufacturer?", "(d) Describe the activities undertaken by the H & H Company with respect to the Iraqi centrifuge enrichment programme;", "(e) Identify the manufacturer and describe the procurement procedure for the HMX explosive declared by Iraq to have been intended for conventional armaments.", "20. At the end of the second round of high-level technical talks held in Baghdad in October 1993, the Iraqi authorities provided information covering the five areas listed in the previous paragraph. This information is now being verified for correctness and completeness. A preliminary assessment indicates that, while the procurement issues (e.g. the source of supplies and the dealers) have been reasonably covered, the extent of foreign advice concerning the centrifuge uranium enrichment programme has been grossly understated and the information provided in this area is not sufficient to explain the progress made by Iraqi scientists and engineers in developing working centrifuge prototypes. This matter will be further pursued in the course of the November inspection.", "VII. Removal of irradiated nuclear fuel assemblies", "21. Since the last report on implementation of the plan, IAEA was able to conclude a contract with the Committee on International Relations of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy (CIR Minatom) for the removal, processing and sale or storage of highly enriched uranium still remaining in Iraq, under IAEA's custody, in the form of irradiated fuel assemblies of the Iraqi research reactors. All the complex technical preparations for the removal of the fuel were completed by the end of October. The first of the two shipments to the Russian Federation is currently scheduled to take place in December 1993.", "VIII. Summary and conclusions", "22. Some progress has been made in the last three IAEA inspection missions in Iraq, and during the two rounds of high-level technical talks in New York and Baghdad, in clarifying issues relevant to problems that are still open. Efforts are now focused on completing the technical basis for implementing effectively the ongoing monitoring and verification plan as foreseen in resolution 715 (1991).", "23. Remaining problems are compounded by the persistent refusal of the Iraqi Government to formally recognize its obligations under United Nations Security Council resolutions 707 (1991) and 715 (1991). Until Iraq desists in its refusal, it will not have compiled with the requirement laid down in paragraph 12 of section C of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) that it accept the plan prepared by the Agency and approved by the Security Council.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire. Distr.", "GENERALE", "S/26685", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. NOTE DU SECRETAIRE GENERAL", "Le Secrétaire général a l'honneur de transmettre aux membres du Conseil de sécurité la communication ci‑jointe qu'il a reçue du Directeur général par intérim de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique (AIEA).", "ANNEXE", "Lettre datée du 29 octobre 1993, adressée au Secrétaire général", "par le Directeur général par intérim de l'Agence internationale", "de l'énergie atomique", "Au paragraphe 8 de sa résolution 715 (1991), du 11 octobre 1991, le Conseil de sécurité a prié le Directeur général de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique de lui présenter des rapports sur l'exécution du plan de l'Agence touchant le contrôle et la vérification continus du respect par l'Iraq des dispositions du paragraphe 12 de la résolution 687 (1991), du 3 avril 1991. Les rapports susvisés doivent être présentés lorsque le Conseil en fait la demande et, en tout état de cause, au moins tous les six mois après l'adoption de la résolution 715 (1991).", "En conséquence, je vous serais obligé de bien vouloir transmettre au Président du Conseil de sécurité le quatrième rapport semestriel sur l'exécution du plan. Le Directeur général se tient à votre disposition et à celle du Conseil pour toute consultation.", "Le Directeur général par intérim", "(Signé) David WALLER", "PIECE JOINTE", "Quatrième rapport du Directeur général de l'Agence internationale", "de l'énergie atomique sur l'exécution du plan de l'Agence touchant", "le contrôle et la vérification continus du respect par l'Iraq des", "dispositions du paragraphe 12 de la résolution 687 (1991)", "1. Le 11 octobre 1991, le Conseil de sécurité a adopté la résolution 715 (1991) approuvant notamment le plan de contrôle et de vérification continus du respect par l'Iraq des dispositions du paragraphe 12 de la partie C de la résolution 687 (1991) du Conseil de sécurité et des dispositions des paragraphes 3 et 5 de la résolution 707 (1991), présenté par le Directeur général de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique sous la cote S/22872/Rev.1 et Corr.1. Au paragraphe 8 de la résolution 715 (1991), le Conseil de sécurité a prié le Directeur général de l'AIEA de lui présenter des rapports sur l'exécution du plan lorsqu'il lui en ferait la demande et, en tout état de cause, au moins tous les six mois après l'adoption de ladite résolution. Les trois premiers rapports semestriels présentés par le Directeur général ont été publiés le 15 avril 1992 (S/23813), le 28 octobre 1992 (S/24722) et le 19 avril 1993 (S/25621), respectivement.", "2. En conséquence, le Directeur général présente ci‑après le quatrième rapport semestriel sur l'exécution du plan de contrôle et de vérification continus des capacités nucléaires de l'Iraq (ci‑après dénommé \"le plan\").", "3. Depuis le précédent rapport, présenté le 19 avril 1993, l'AIEA a dépêché en Iraq trois missions d'inspection : les dix-neuvième (30 avril-7 mai 1993), vingtième (25‑30 juin 1993), et vingt et unième (24‑27 juillet 1993) missions. On trouvera les rapports sur les résultats de ces missions sous les cotes S/25982 et S/26333. La vingt‑deuxième mission d'inspection est actuellement prévue pour le début novembre 1993.", "4. Au cours de la période considérée, des entretiens techniques de haut niveau ont eu lieu à New York (31 août-9 septembre 1993) entre les délégations de la Commission spéciale des Nations Unies et l'AIEA d'une part et une délégation iraquienne de l'autre. Des rapports complets sur ces deux séries de négociations ont été distribués au Conseil de sécurité sous les cotes S/26451, S/26571 et S/26584.", "5. Ces entretiens, tenus comme suite à un voyage que le Président exécutif de la Commission spéciale a effectué en Iraq en juillet 1993 (voir S/26127), devaient porter sur la nature et l'application des dispositions des plans de contrôle et de vérification continus telles qu'elles ont été approuvées par le Conseil de sécurité dans sa résolution 715 (1993), ainsi que sur toutes les autres questions restant à régler entre l'Iraq, la Commission et l'AIEA, en vue de les résoudre.", "6. On trouvera dans le présent rapport, sous les rubriques pertinentes, le résumé des progrès réalisés et des obstacles rencontrés au cours des entretiens techniques.", "I. DECLARATIONS DEMANDEES DANS LE PLAN", "7. Au cours des entretiens techniques de haut niveau à New York et à Bagdad, les représentants de l'Iraq ont remis, entre autres, des déclarations concernant d'autres matières (notamment l'uranium épuisé et l'eau lourde) devant faire l'objet de rapports au titre de l'annexe 3 du plan, une mise à jour semestrielle de la déclaration de produits dont la liste figure à l'annexe 3 du plan, une mise à jour semestrielle de la liste de radio-isotopes en Iraq exigée au titre du paragraphe 22 d) du plan, et une mise à jour semestrielle de l'information sur les sites et installations de caractère nucléaire requise en vertu de l'annexe 2 du plan. En outre, les fonctionnaires iraquiens ont remis un ensemble de formulaires élaborés par la Commission iraquienne de l'énergie atomique (CIEA) pour appliquer un système informatisé de contrôle comptable et de présentation de rapports montrant l'état, l'emplacement actuel et l'utilisation de tous les articles énumérés dans la déclaration requise au titre de l'annexe 3 du plan.", "8. L'AIEA analyse actuellement l'information donnée par les représentants de l'Iraq pour déterminer si elle répond bien aux spécifications du plan. Les premiers résultats de cette analyse montrent que, si l'on a fait quelques progrès, la qualité générale de la documentation laisse encore fort à désirer du point de vue de l'exhaustivité et de l'exactitude. Une liste détaillée des éléments nécessaires pour amener les rapports présentés par la CIEA en vertu du plan au niveau requis a été communiquée au Gouvernement iraquien. On a obtenu de la CIEA la promesse qu'un nouvel effort serait fait pour rectifier les manquements et rendre la documentation plus complète et plus exacte. Au cours des entretiens techniques à Bagdad, la CIEA a informé l'équipe de l'AIEA que les informations supplémentaires requises aux termes de l'annexe 2 du plan étaient en cours de préparation et seraient remises à la vingt‑deuxième équipe d'inspection de l'Agence.", "II. LEVE RADIOMETRIQUE DES EAUX DE SURFACE", "9. Comme il est indiqué dans le dernier rapport sur l'exécution du plan, l'exercice de contrôle à long terme en Iraq comprend notamment un levé radiométrique périodique des principales étendues d'eau du pays, le but étant de détecter les installations nucléaires non déclarées et d'établir une base pour le programme de contrôle continu. Il faut pour cela prélever des échantillons des eaux de surface, des sédiments et des biotes. Au cours de la dix-neuvième inspection, ces échantillons ont été prélevés en 15 endroits le long des bassins du Tigre et de l'Euphrate. La prochaine campagne de prélèvement est prévue pour le début novembre 1993, dans le cadre de la vingt‑deuxième mission d'inspection de l'AIEA.", "III. ACTIVITES D'INSPECTION PERIODIQUE", "10. Depuis le dernier rapport, l'AIEA a mené trois missions d'inspection, au cours desquelles elle a procédé à deux inspections sans préavis de sites nouvellement désignés, ainsi qu'à un certain nombre d'inspections de contrôle de sites précédemment visités. L'une de ces visites a été effectuée dans un site qu'on soupçonne être de dispersion de matériel près d'Al Nida (autrefois Al Rabiyah), où se trouvaient un certain nombre de machines, dont une provenant d'Al Nida et se trouvant sous scellés de l'AIEA.", "IV. BILAN DES MATIERES NUCLEAIRES", "11. Comme il est indiqué plus haut, au cours des entretiens techniques de haut niveau les autorités iraquiennes ont communiqué des informations supplémentaires sur les matières nucléaires, en particulier touchant l'uranium épuisé et l'oxyde d'uranium naturel importé, et l'existence en Iraq d'une petite quantité d'eau lourde.", "12. La présentation d'un inventaire complet de tous les stocks de matières nucléaires, comme l'uranium, le thorium et les composés de plutonium existant en Iraq est une condition préalable essentielle à toute exécution du plan digne de ce nom, car on en a besoin comme point de départ de la comptabilisation des matières nucléaires. Pour toute variation future de l'inventaire, il faudra présenter une explication détaillée, qui devra être solidement documentée et sera soumise à vérification.", "13. De grandes disparités entre les déclarations de l'Iraq concernant les matières nucléaires et les résultats des analyses d'échantillons effectuées par l'AIEA ont été relevées dans le dernier rapport, ce qui soulève de sérieuses questions sur la complétude de l'actuel inventaire de matières nucléaires en Iraq. Au cours des entretiens techniques de New York, les autorités iraquiennes ont fourni quelques précisions. Si elles se vérifient, ces précisions pourraient expliquer les disparités susmentionnées. Pour ce faire, il faudra procéder à de nouvelles opérations d'échantillonnage et d'analyse.", "V. EQUIPEMENTS ET MATIERES", "14. Au cours de la dix‑huitième inspection (3‑11 mars 1993), une inspection des ateliers de l'établissement d'Etat Al Hatteen a permis de voir pour la première fois 242 machines‑outils à commande numérique par ordinateur. L'Iraq n'avait mentionné aucune de ces machines dans sa déclaration concernant les articles figurant à l'annexe 3 au plan. Selon les autorités iraquiennes, c'était parce qu'elles ne répondaient pas aux spécifications de l'annexe 3. L'AIEA est en train de vérifier, auprès des fabricants, l'exactitude de cette affirmation. Dans l'inventaire établi par l'AIEA des machines‑outils à commande numérique par ordinateur trouvées en Iraq (plus de 1 000 articles), 148 ont été identifiées comme des Matrix Churchill. Pendant la dix‑neuvième inspection, l'équipe a déterminé que 144 de ces 148 machines ne répondaient pas aux spécifications de l'annexe 3 mais que les quatre autres devaient être évaluées plus avant.", "15. Pendant la vingtième inspection de l'AIEA, 50 autres machines‑outils Matrix Churchill à commande numérique par ordinateur ont été trouvées à l'usine de munitions de Nahrawan, sur renseignements communiqués par un Etat Membre. Là encore, les autorités iraquiennes ont déclaré que ces machines ne répondaient pas aux spécifications de l'annexe 3, ce que des spécialistes des machines‑outils sont en train de vérifier.", "16. Certaines indications donnent à penser que beaucoup des machines‑outils Matrix Churchill à commande numérique par ordinateur exportées en Iraq n'ont pas encore été identifiées et cette question sera examinée plus avant.", "17. Deux cent cinquante‑cinq tonnes d'explosif brisant du type HMX sont entreposées sous scellés de l'AIEA dans six bunkers au site Al Qa Qaa. Etant l'exemple même des matières à double usage, le HMX est inscrit à l'annexe 3 au plan. Les conditions actuelles d'entreposage du HMX à Al Qa Qaa ne se prêtent guère au contrôle et la sécurité est aussi un sujet de préoccupation. L'AIEA a demandé à la partie iraquienne de regrouper le HMX dans un endroit plus sûr et plus commode, ce qui faciliterait la mise sous scellés et les contrôles périodiques. L'équipe AIEA‑20 a évalué deux gros bunkers de l'ensemble de Muthanna, que l'Iraq avait proposé comme autre emplacement possible pour l'entreposage. Avec des modifications mineures sur le plan de la sécurité, ces bunkers représentent une nette amélioration par rapport aux conditions actuelles à Al Qa Qaa. Il est prévu de transférer le HMX pendant la vingt‑deuxième inspection de l'AIEA.", "VI. INFORMATIONS RELATIVES AUX ACHATS", "18. Depuis le début des inspections effectuées en Iraq conformément à la résolution 687 (1991), un des objectifs principaux était de bien comprendre la procédure d'achat de l'Iraq ainsi que les sources de conseils techniques pour le programme nucléaire. Pendant la dix‑huitième inspection, selon une procédure bien établie au cours des inspections antérieures, on a posé à la partie iraquienne toute une série de questions ayant trait aux achats. Bien souvent, la réponse de la partie iraquienne était que, des dossiers ayant été détruits pendant et après la guerre du Golfe, elle n'était pas en mesure de répondre à une question aussi vaste et que, de plus, elle considérait que la plupart des renseignements demandés étaient déjà entre les mains de l'AIEA. S'il est vrai que les données d'inspection recueillies en Iraq, les enquêtes menées par les gouvernements d'Etats Membres et les entretiens avec le personnel de différentes sociétés ont permis d'identifier la majeure partie du programme et de connaître beaucoup des organisations de façade et des agents chargés des achats, il n'est pas certain que ces renseignements soient complets.", "19. Plusieurs questions importantes, qui n'ont pas encore reçu de réponses, ont été posées à plusieurs occasions à la partie iraquienne. Elles ont été posées en décembre 1992 parce que le Président de la CIEA avait offert de répondre de façon constructive à certaines questions. Elles ont de nouveau été posées, dans les termes suivants, pendant la première série des entretiens techniques de haut niveau à New York :", "a) Quelle est l'identité des individus et des sociétés à l'extérieur de l'Iraq qui ont fourni des renseignements concernant les aspects techniques et la conception de la centrifugeuse iraquienne à palier magnétique?", "b) Qui sont les fabricants, fournisseurs, agents et transporteurs de l'acier maraging 360 degrés? Veuillez indiquer la source d'une part de l'acier maraging utilisé pour la fabrication de composantes de centrifugeuse en dehors de l'Iraq, d'autre part de la réserve d'acier maraging qui se trouve en Iraq (la partie iraquienne a fait savoir que, si elle pouvait identifier le fournisseur, elle ne connaissait pas le fabricant de l'acier maraging);", "c) Qui a fourni les tubes rotors en fibre de carbone et comment les spécifications techniques ont‑elles été communiquées au fabricant?", "d) Veuillez décrire les activités menées par la société H & H dans le cadre du programme iraquien d'enrichissement par centrifugation;", "e) Qui est le fabricant et quelle est la procédure d'achat pour l'explosif HMX, déclaré par l'Iraq comme étant destiné à des armes classiques.", "20. A la fin de la deuxième série d'entretiens techniques de haut niveau, tenus à Bagdad en octobre 1993, les autorités iraquiennes ont fourni des renseignements concernant les cinq questions soulevées dans le paragraphe précédent. On est en train de vérifier si ces renseignements sont exacts et complets. Selon une évaluation préliminaire, si les réponses sont raisonnablement satisfaisantes pour les questions relatives aux achats (par exemple les sources des fournitures et les négociants), elles sont extrêmement discrètes sur l'ampleur des avis techniques concernant le programme d'enrichissement de l'uranium par centrifugation obtenus de l'étranger et les renseignements fournis ne suffisent pas à expliquer les progrès faits par les scientifiques et les ingénieurs iraquiens dans la construction de prototypes qui marchent. Cette question sera examinée plus avant pendant l'inspection de novembre.", "VII. ENLEVEMENT DES ASSEMBLAGES DE COMBUSTIBLE IRRADIE", "21. Depuis le dernier rapport sur l'application du plan, l'AIEA a pu passer un contrat avec le Comité des relations extérieures au Ministère de l'énergie atomique en Fédération de Russie pour l'enlèvement, le traitement et la vente ou l'entreposage de l'uranium hautement enrichi qui se trouve encore en Iraq, sous la garde de l'AIEA les assemblages de combustible irradié des réacteurs de recherche iraquiens. Toutes les préparations techniques complexes pour l'enlèvement du combustible étaient terminées à la fin du mois d'octobre. Il est actuellement prévu de transporter les deux premiers chargements en Fédération de Russie en décembre 1993.", "VIII. RESUME ET CONCLUSIONS", "22. Quelques progrès ont pu être réalisés au cours des trois dernières missions d'inspection de l'AIEA en Iraq et au cours des deux séries d'entretiens techniques de haut niveau, à New York et à Bagdad, s'agissant de préciser certaines questions se rapportant aux problèmes encore en suspens. Maintenant, on s'attache surtout à mettre au point la base technique sur laquelle le programme de contrôle et de vérification continus pourra être exécuté efficacement, conformément à la résolution 715 (1991).", "23. Les problèmes restants sont d'autant plus complexes que le Gouvernement iraquien continue de refuser de reconnaître officiellement ses obligations découlant des résolutions 707 (1991) et 715 (1991) du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies. Tant qu'il n'aura pas renoncé à cette position, il ne se sera pas conformé aux dispositions du paragraphe 12 de la section C de la résolution 687 (1991) du Conseil de sécurité, stipulant qu'il doit accepter le plan élaboré par l'Agence et approuvé par le Conseil de sécurité.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26685", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. NOTE BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the Security Council the attached communication which he has received from the Acting Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).", "93-60760 (E) 081193 /...", "Annex", "Letter dated 29 October 1993 from the Acting Director General", "of the International Atomic Energy Agency addressed to the", "Secretary-General", "In paragraph 8 of resolution 715 (1991), adopted on 11 October 1991, the Security Council requests the Director General of IAEA to submit to the Council reports on the implementation of the Agency's plan for future ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991. These reports are to be submitted when requested by the Security Council and, in any event, at least every six months after the adoption of resolution 715 (1991).", "Accordingly, I am requesting you to kindly transmit to the President of the Security Council the enclosed fourth six-monthly report on the implementation of the plan. The Director General will remain available for any consultations you or the Council may wish to have.", "(Signed) David WALLER", "Acting Director General", "Enclosure", "Fourth report of the Director General of the International Atomic", "Energy Agency on the implementation of the Agency's plan for", "future ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance", "with paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991)", "1. On 11 October 1991, the Security Council adopted resolution 715 (1991) approving, inter alia, the plan submitted in document S/22872/Rev.1 and Corr.1 by the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency for future ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of part C of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) and with the requirements of paragraphs 3 and 5 of resolution 707 (1991). In paragraph 8 of resolution 715 (1991), the Security Council requested the Director General of IAEA to submit to it reports on the implementation of the plan when requested by the Security Council and, in any event, at least every six months after the adoption of resolution 715 (1991). The first three reports submitted by the Director General were circulated on 15 April 1992 (S/23813), 28 October 1992 (S/24722) and 19 April 1993 (S/25621), respectively.", "2. The Director General hereby submits the fourth six-monthly report on implementation of the plan for future ongoing monitoring and verification related to Iraq's nuclear capabilities (hereinafter referred to as the plan).", "3. Since the last report of 19 April 1993, IAEA has carried out three inspection missions in Iraq, the nineteenth (30 April-7 May 1993), twentieth (25-30 June 1993) and twenty-first (24-27 July 1993) inspections. Detailed reports on the results of these inspections are contained in documents S/25982 and S/26333. The twenty-second mission is currently scheduled to take place in early November 1993.", "4. During the period under review high-level technical talks were held in New York (31 August-9 September 1993) and in Baghdad (1-9 October 1993) between delegations from the United Nations Special Commission and IAEA, on the one hand, and, on the other, a delegation from Iraq. Comprehensive reports on these two rounds of talks were circulated to the Security Council as documents S/26451, S/26571 and S/26584.", "5. These talks, which grew out of a visit to Iraq by the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission in July 1993 (see S/26127), were intended to address the nature and implementation of the provisions of the plans for ongoing monitoring and verification as approved by Security Council resolution 715 (1991), as well as all other outstanding issues between Iraq, the Commission and IAEA, with a view to resolving such issues.", "6. Progress and impediments evidenced in the course of the technical talks are summarized in the relevant sections of the present report.", "I. Declaration of items subject to the plan", "7. In the course of the high-level technical talks in New York and Baghdad the Iraqi representatives handed over, inter alia, statements on additional material (including depleted uranium and heavy water) required to be reported pursuant to annex 3 to the plan, a mid-year update of the declaration of items listed on annex 3 to the plan, a mid-year update of the list of radioisotopes in Iraq as required pursuant to paragraph 22 (d) of the plan and a mid-year update of the information on nuclear-relevant sites and facilities as required under annex 2 to the plan. In addition, the Iraqi officials provided a set of forms developed by the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) to implement a computerized system of accountancy and reporting, showing status, present location and utilization for all items listed in the declaration required under annex 3 to the plan.", "8. The information provided by the Iraqi representatives is being analysed by IAEA to determine whether it satisfies the requirements of the plan. Preliminary results of this analysis show that, while some progress has been made, the overall quality of the documentation still leaves much to be desired in terms of completeness and accuracy. A detailed list of what is needed to bring the IAEC reporting under the plan to the necessary standard has been communicated to the Iraqi Government. Promises have been obtained from IAEC that a further effort will be made to correct the shortcomings and to improve the completeness and accuracy of the documentation. In the course of the technical talks in Baghdad, IAEC informed the IAEA team that additional information required under annex 2 to the plan was in preparation and would be transmitted to the IAEA-22 inspection team.", "II. Radiometric hydrologic survey", "9. As indicated in the last report on the implementation of the plan, part of the long-term monitoring effort in Iraq involves the periodic radiometric survey of the main water bodies in Iraq. The survey serves as a measure for the timely detection of undeclared nuclear activities as well as for the establishment of a baseline for longer-term monitoring. This requires the collection of surface water, sediment and biota samples. During the nineteenth inspection, such samples were taken at 15 locations along the Tigris-Euphrates watersheds. The next sampling campaign has been scheduled for the beginning of November 1993, in connection with the twenty-second IAEA inspection mission.", "III. Periodic inspection activities", "10. Since the last report on the implementation of the plan, IAEA has conducted three inspection missions, in the course of which it has carried out two no‑notice inspections of newly designated sites, as well as a number of inspections of a monitoring nature at previously visited sites. One of these was carried out at a suspected equipment dispersal site near Al Nida (formerly Al Rabiyah), where a number of machines, including one under IAEA seal from Al Nida, were located.", "IV. Nuclear material balance", "11. As indicated above, in the course of the high-level technical talks, the Iraqi authorities made available additional information on nuclear material, in particular as it relates to depleted uranium and imported natural uranium oxide, and on the existence in Iraq of a small amount of heavy water.", "12. A complete inventory of all stocks of nuclear material, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium compounds, existing in Iraq is a prerequisite for any meaningful implementation of the plan, since it must provide the starting point of the nuclear material accountancy. Any future variation of the inventory will require a detailed explanation, will entail verification and will have to be thoroughly documented.", "13. Major inconsistencies between the Iraqi declarations concerning nuclear material and IAEA's results of samples analysis were mentioned in the last report, which raised serious questions about the completeness of the present inventory of nuclear materials in Iraq. In the course of the high-level technical talks in New York, some clarifications were provided by the Iraqi authorities. If verified, these clarifications could explain these inconsistencies. Such verification will require additional sampling and analysis.", "V. Equipment and materials", "14. In the course of the eighteenth inspection (3-11 March 1993), 242 computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools were seen for the first time during an inspection of the workshops of the Al Hatteen State Establishment. None of the machines had been included previously in the Iraqi declaration with respect to items listed in annex 3 to the plan. The Iraqi authorities asserted that the machine tools had not been included in the list because they had not met the specifications of annex 3. IAEA is currently verifying the correctness of this statement through inquiries with the manufacturers. In IAEA's inventory of CNC machine tools found in Iraq (over 1,000 items), 148 have been identified as Matrix Churchill machine tools. During the nineteenth inspection, the team ascertained that 144 of the 148 Matrix Churchill CNC machine tools did not meet the annex 3 specifications, but that the remaining 4 required further evaluation.", "15. Fifty additional Matrix Churchill CNC machine tools were found during the twentieth IAEA inspection in Iraq at the Nahrawan munition factory, following receipt of information provided by a Member State. Again the Iraqi authorities stated that this stock of CNC machine tools did not meet the specifications of annex 3. This statement is being verified by machine tools experts.", "16. IAEA has indications suggesting that a considerable number of Matrix Churchill CNC machines exported to Iraq are still missing and this matter will be pursued further.", "17. Two hundred fifty-five tons of high explosive of the HMX type are stored under IAEA seal in six bunkers at the Al Qa Qaa site. As a typical dual-use material, HMX is listed in annex 3 to the plan. The present storage conditions of HMX at Al Qa Qaa are inconvenient for monitoring and cause some safety concerns. IAEA has requested that the Iraqi side consolidate the HMX in a safer and more convenient place to facilitate sealing and regular monitoring. The IAEA-20 team evaluated two large bunkers in the Muthanna complex which Iraq had proposed as an alternative storage location. With minor modifications to improve security, these bunkers represent a considerable improvement over the current storage conditions at Al Qa Qaa. The transfer of the HMX is expected to take place during IAEA-22.", "VI. Procurement-related information", "18. A clear understanding of Iraqi procurements and the sources of technical advice for the nuclear programme has been a primary objective since the beginning of inspections in Iraq under resolution 687 (1991). During IAEA-18, following a course well established through previous inspections, a broad range of questions dealing with Iraqi procurements were put to the Iraqi side. The Iraqi side's often stated response was that, with the destruction of records during and following the Gulf war, it had no way to deal with such a general request and, in addition, it believed that most of the requested information was already in the hands of IAEA. While it is true that, through inspection data collected in Iraq, investigations undertaken by Governments of Member States and interviews with personnel of specific companies, most of the programme has been identified and that many of the front organizations and purchasing agents are also known, there still remain uncertainties as to the completeness of the information.", "19. A number of important questions, the answers to which remain outstanding, have been put to the Iraqi aide on several occasions. In December 1992, these questions were put forward in response to an offer from the Chairman of IAEC to deal positively with specific questions. These questions were restated during the first round of high-level technical talks in New York as follows:", "(a) What are the identities of the individuals and/or companies from outside Iraq who supplied technical and design information for the Iraqi magnetic centrifuge?", "(b) Who were the manufacturers, suppliers, agents and shippers for the 360-grade maraging steel? Please distinguish between the sources of the maraging steel used in the manufacture of centrifuge components outside Iraq and the stock of maraging steel presented inside Iraq. (The Iraqi side expressed concern that, while it can identify the supplier, it has no knowledge of who manufactured the maraging steel);", "(c) Who supplied the carbon fibre rotor tubes and how were technical specifications communicated to the manufacturer?", "(d) Describe the activities undertaken by the H & H Company with respect to the Iraqi centrifuge enrichment programme;", "(e) Identify the manufacturer and describe the procurement procedure for the HMX explosive declared by Iraq to have been intended for conventional armaments.", "20. At the end of the second round of high-level technical talks held in Baghdad in October 1993, the Iraqi authorities provided information covering the five areas listed in the previous paragraph. This information is now being verified for correctness and completeness. A preliminary assessment indicates that, while the procurement issues (e.g. the source of supplies and the dealers) have been reasonably covered, the extent of foreign advice concerning the centrifuge uranium enrichment programme has been grossly understated and the information provided in this area is not sufficient to explain the progress made by Iraqi scientists and engineers in developing working centrifuge prototypes. This matter will be further pursued in the course of the November inspection.", "VII. Removal of irradiated nuclear fuel assemblies", "21. Since the last report on implementation of the plan, IAEA was able to conclude a contract with the Committee on International Relations of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy (CIR Minatom) for the removal, processing and sale or storage of highly enriched uranium still remaining in Iraq, under IAEA's custody, in the form of irradiated fuel assemblies of the Iraqi research reactors. All the complex technical preparations for the removal of the fuel were completed by the end of October. The first of the two shipments to the Russian Federation is currently scheduled to take place in December 1993.", "VIII. Summary and conclusions", "22. Some progress has been made in the last three IAEA inspection missions in Iraq, and during the two rounds of high-level technical talks in New York and Baghdad, in clarifying issues relevant to problems that are still open. Efforts are now focused on completing the technical basis for implementing effectively the ongoing monitoring and verification plan as foreseen in resolution 715 (1991).", "23. Remaining problems are compounded by the persistent refusal of the Iraqi Government to formally recognize its obligations under United Nations Security Council resolutions 707 (1991) and 715 (1991). Until Iraq desists in its refusal, it will not have compiled with the requirement laid down in paragraph 12 of section C of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) that it accept the plan prepared by the Agency and approved by the Security Council.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary.Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26685", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.NOTE BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the Security Council the attached communication which he has received from the Acting Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).", "The President", "Letter dated 29 October 1993 from the Permanent Representative", "of the International Agency for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs", "Atomic Energy", "In paragraph 8 of its resolution 715 (1991) of 11 October 1991, the Security Council requested the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency to submit reports on the implementation of the Agency's plan for the ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991.The above-mentioned reports must be submitted when requested by the Council and, in any event, at least every six months after the adoption of resolution 715 (1991).", "Accordingly, I should be grateful if you would transmit to the President of the Security Council the fourth semi-annual report on the implementation of the plan.The Director-General shall be at your disposal and the Council's disposal for any consultation.", "Acting Director-General", "(Signed) David WALLER", "Joint Pierce", "Fourth report of the Director General of the International Agency for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs", "on the implementation of the Agency's plan for the", "the ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with the", "paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991)", "1.On 11 October 1991, the Security Council adopted resolution 715 (1991) approving, inter alia, the plan for the continued monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of part C of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) and paragraphs 3 and 5 of resolution 707 (1991), submitted by the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (see S/22872/Rev.1 and Corr.1).In paragraph 8 of resolution 715 (1991), the Security Council requested the Director General of IAEA to report to the Council on the implementation of the plan at its request and, in any event, at least every six months after the adoption of the resolution.The first three semi-annual reports submitted by the Director-General were issued on 15 April 1992 (S/23813), 28 October 1992 (S/24722) and 19 April 1993 (S/25621), respectively.", "2.Accordingly, the Director-General submits the fourth semi-annual report on the implementation of Iraq's plan for the ongoing monitoring and verification of its nuclear capabilities (hereinafter referred to as the \"Plan\").", "3.Since the previous report, submitted on 19 April 1993, IAEA has dispatched three inspection missions to Iraq: the nineteenth (30 April-7 May 1993), the twentieth (25-30 June 1993) and the twenty-first (24-27 July 1993).The performance reports of those missions are contained in documents S/25982 and S/26333.The twenty-second inspection mission is currently scheduled for early November 1993.", "4.During the reporting period, high-level technical discussions were held in New York (31 August-9 September 1993) between the delegations of the United Nations Special Commission and IAEA and one Iraqi delegation.Comprehensive reports on these two rounds of negotiations have been circulated to the Security Council under the symbol S/26451, S/26571 and S/26584.", "5.The discussions, which were held following a visit by the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission to Iraq in July 1993 (see S/26127), were to address the nature and implementation of the provisions of the ongoing monitoring and verification plans as approved by the Security Council in its resolution 715 (1993), as well as all other outstanding issues between Iraq, the Commission and IAEA, with a view to resolving them.", "6.The present report summarizes the progress made and obstacles encountered during the technical discussions under the relevant headings.", "I. STATEMENTS REQUESTED IN THE PLAN", "7.During the high-level technical discussions in New York and Baghdad, Iraq provided, inter alia, statements on other materials (including depleted uranium and heavy water) to be reported under annex 3 to the plan, a biannual update of the product declaration listed in annex 3 to the plan, a biannual update of the radioisotope list in Iraq required under paragraph 22 (d) of the plan, and a biannual update of information on nuclear sites and facilities required under annex 2 to the plan.In addition, Iraqi officials submitted a set of forms developed by the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) to implement a computerized accounting and reporting system that showed the status, current location and use of all items listed in the declaration required under annex 3 to the plan.", "8.IAEA is currently analysing information provided by representatives of Iraq to determine whether it meets the specifications of the plan.The initial results of this analysis show that, while some progress has been made, the overall quality of the documentation remains very poor in terms of completeness and accuracy.A detailed list of the elements necessary to bring the reports submitted by the ICEA under the plan to the required level was provided to the Government of Iraq.The IAEC has been given the promise that a new effort will be made to correct the deficiencies and to make the documentation more complete and accurate.During the technical interviews in Baghdad, the IAEA team was informed by the ICEA that the additional information required under Annex 2 of the plan was being prepared and would be provided to the Agency's twenty-second inspection team.", "II.RADIOMETRIC WATER LEVE OF SURFACE", "9.As indicated in the last report on the implementation of the plan, the long-term monitoring exercise in Iraq includes a periodic radiometric survey of the country's main water bodies, with the aim of detecting undeclared nuclear facilities and establishing a basis for the ongoing monitoring programme.This requires samples of surface water, sediment and biota.During the nineteenth inspection, these samples were collected at 15 locations along the Tiger and Euphrates basins.The next sampling campaign is scheduled for early November 1993 as part of the IAEA's twenty-second inspection mission.", "III.PERIODIC INSPECTION ACTIVITIES", "10.Since the last report, IAEA has conducted three inspection missions, during which it conducted two inspections without prior notice of newly designated sites, as well as a number of previous site monitoring inspections.One of these visits was to a site suspected of dispersal of material near Al Nida (formerly Al Rabiyah), where a number of machines were located, including one from Al Nida and under IAEA seal.", "IV.NUCLEAR MATERIALS BALANCE", "11.As mentioned above, during the high-level technical talks, the Iraqi authorities provided additional information on nuclear materials, in particular on depleted uranium and imported natural uranium oxide, and on the existence of a small amount of heavy water in Iraq.", "12.A comprehensive inventory of all nuclear material stocks, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium compounds in Iraq, is a prerequisite for any meaningful implementation of the plan, as it is required as a starting point for the accounting of nuclear material.For future changes in the inventory, a detailed explanation will be required, which will need to be documented and verified.", "13.The last report identified significant disparities between Iraq's nuclear material declarations and the results of the IAEA sample analyses, raising serious questions about the completeness of the current inventory of nuclear materials in Iraq.During the technical talks in New York, the Iraqi authorities provided some clarification.If they are true, these clarifications could explain the above disparities.This will require new sampling and analysis.", "V. EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT", "14.During the eighteenth inspection (3-11 March 1993), an inspection of the workshops of the Al Hatteen State Institution showed 242 computer-controlled digital machine tools for the first time.Iraq had not mentioned any of these machines in its statement concerning the items in annex 3 to the plan.According to the Iraqi authorities, this was because they did not meet the specifications of annex 3.The IAEA is currently verifying the accuracy of this claim with manufacturers.In the IAEA inventory of computer-controlled digital machine tools found in Iraq (over 1,000 items), 148 were identified as Matrix Churchill.During the nineteenth inspection, the team determined that 144 of the 148 machines did not meet the specifications of Appendix 3, but that the remaining four were to be further evaluated.", "15.During the twentieth IAEA inspection, 50 other Matrix Churchill computer-controlled machine tools were found at the Nahrawan ammunition plant, on the basis of information provided by a Member State.Again, the Iraqi authorities have stated that these machines do not meet the specifications of annex 3, which are being verified by machine tool specialists.", "16.There is some indication that many of the Matrix Churchill computer-controlled machine tools exported to Iraq have not yet been identified and this issue will be further discussed.", "17.Two hundred and fifty-five tonnes of HMX-type explosive are stored under IAEA seal in six bunkers at Al Qa Qaa.As an example of dual-use materials, the HMX is listed in Appendix 3 to the plan.The current storage conditions of HMX at Al Qa Qaa are not very suitable for control and safety is also a concern.IAEA has requested the Iraqi side to consolidate HMX in a safer and more convenient location, which would facilitate sealing and periodic inspections.The IAEA-20 team evaluated two large bunkers from the Muthanna complex, which Iraq had proposed as another possible storage location.With minor security changes, these bunkers represent a marked improvement over the current conditions in Al Qa Qaa.It is planned to transfer HMX during the twenty-second IAEA inspection.", "VI.INFORMATION ON THE EXHASE", "18.Since the commencement of inspections in Iraq pursuant to resolution 687 (1991), one of the main objectives was to understand Iraq's procurement process and the sources of technical advice for the nuclear programme.During the eighteenth inspection, a number of procurement-related issues were raised with the Iraqi side, following a well-established procedure during previous inspections.The Iraqi side's response was often that, as records had been destroyed during and after the Gulf War, it was unable to answer such a vast question and, moreover, it considered that most of the information requested was already in the hands of IAEA.While the inspection data collected in Iraq, surveys conducted by Member State Governments and interviews with staff from different companies have made it possible to identify the bulk of the programme and to know many of the front organizations and procurement officers, it is not certain that this information is complete.", "19.Several important questions, which have not yet been answered, have been raised on several occasions by the Iraqi side.They were asked in December 1992 because the President of the ICEA had offered to respond constructively to certain questions.They were again put forward, in the following terms, during the first round of high-level technical talks in New York:", "(a)What is the identity of individuals and companies outside Iraq that provided information on the technical aspects and design of the Iraqi magnetic-level centrifuge?", "(b)Who are the manufacturers, suppliers, agents and carriers of 360 degree maraging steel?Please indicate the source of the maraging steel used for the manufacture of centrifuge components outside Iraq, and the maraging steel reserve in Iraq (the Iraqi side indicated that, if it could identify the supplier, it did not know the manufacturer of the maraging steel);", "(c)Who provided the carbon fibre rotor tubes and how were the technical specifications communicated to the manufacturer?", "(d)Please describe the activities of H & H in the framework of the Iraqi centrifugation enrichment programme;", "(e)Who is the manufacturer and what is the procurement procedure for the HMX explosive, declared by Iraq to be for conventional weapons.", "20.At the end of the second round of high-level technical talks, held in Baghdad in October 1993, the Iraqi authorities provided information on the five issues raised in the preceding paragraph.We are currently checking whether this information is accurate and complete.A preliminary assessment was that while the responses were reasonably satisfactory for procurement issues (e.g., supply sources and traders), they were extremely discreet about the extent of technical advice on the uranium centrifugation enrichment programme obtained from abroad and the information provided was not sufficient to explain the progress made by Iraqi scientists and engineers in the construction of operating prototypes.This issue will be further discussed during the November inspection.", "VII.REMOVAL OF IRRADIE FUEL ASSEMPAGES", "21.Since the last report on the implementation of the plan, IAEA has been able to enter into a contract with the Committee on External Relations with the Ministry of Atomic Energy in the Russian Federation for the removal, processing and sale or storage of the highly enriched uranium still in Iraq, under the custody of the IAEA, the spent fuel assemblies of Iraqi research reactors.All complex technical preparations for fuel removal were completed at the end of October.The first two shipments are currently scheduled to be carried in the Russian Federation in December 1993.", "VIII.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS", "22.Some progress has been made in the past three IAEA inspection missions to Iraq and in the two rounds of high-level technical interviews in New York and Baghdad to clarify some issues related to the outstanding issues.The main focus now is to develop the technical basis on which the ongoing monitoring and verification programme can be effectively implemented, in accordance with resolution 715 (1991).", "23.The remaining problems are all the more complex as the Government of Iraq continues to refuse to formally recognize its obligations under United Nations Security Council resolutions 707 (1991) and 715 (1991).Until the Security Council has given up that position, it will not have complied with the provisions of section C, paragraph 12, of Security Council resolution 687 (1991), stipulating that it must accept the plan prepared by the Agency and approved by the Security Council.", "-----" ]	"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"
"78i05E3FAj1D6Ue7fQEGl36ofXjmrqzgfl8A8jLd6n4="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26685", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. NOTE BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the Security Council the attached communication which he has received from the Acting Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).", "93-60760 (E) 081193 /...", "Annex", "Letter dated 29 October 1993 from the Acting Director General", "of the International Atomic Energy Agency addressed to the", "Secretary-General", "In paragraph 8 of resolution 715 (1991), adopted on 11 October 1991, the Security Council requests the Director General of IAEA to submit to the Council reports on the implementation of the Agency's plan for future ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991. These reports are to be submitted when requested by the Security Council and, in any event, at least every six months after the adoption of resolution 715 (1991).", "Accordingly, I am requesting you to kindly transmit to the President of the Security Council the enclosed fourth six-monthly report on the implementation of the plan. The Director General will remain available for any consultations you or the Council may wish to have.", "(Signed) David WALLER", "Acting Director General", "Enclosure", "Fourth report of the Director General of the International Atomic", "Energy Agency on the implementation of the Agency's plan for", "future ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance", "with paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991)", "1. On 11 October 1991, the Security Council adopted resolution 715 (1991) approving, inter alia, the plan submitted in document S/22872/Rev.1 and Corr.1 by the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency for future ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of part C of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) and with the requirements of paragraphs 3 and 5 of resolution 707 (1991). In paragraph 8 of resolution 715 (1991), the Security Council requested the Director General of IAEA to submit to it reports on the implementation of the plan when requested by the Security Council and, in any event, at least every six months after the adoption of resolution 715 (1991). The first three reports submitted by the Director General were circulated on 15 April 1992 (S/23813), 28 October 1992 (S/24722) and 19 April 1993 (S/25621), respectively.", "2. The Director General hereby submits the fourth six-monthly report on implementation of the plan for future ongoing monitoring and verification related to Iraq's nuclear capabilities (hereinafter referred to as the plan).", "3. Since the last report of 19 April 1993, IAEA has carried out three inspection missions in Iraq, the nineteenth (30 April-7 May 1993), twentieth (25-30 June 1993) and twenty-first (24-27 July 1993) inspections. Detailed reports on the results of these inspections are contained in documents S/25982 and S/26333. The twenty-second mission is currently scheduled to take place in early November 1993.", "4. During the period under review high-level technical talks were held in New York (31 August-9 September 1993) and in Baghdad (1-9 October 1993) between delegations from the United Nations Special Commission and IAEA, on the one hand, and, on the other, a delegation from Iraq. Comprehensive reports on these two rounds of talks were circulated to the Security Council as documents S/26451, S/26571 and S/26584.", "5. These talks, which grew out of a visit to Iraq by the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission in July 1993 (see S/26127), were intended to address the nature and implementation of the provisions of the plans for ongoing monitoring and verification as approved by Security Council resolution 715 (1991), as well as all other outstanding issues between Iraq, the Commission and IAEA, with a view to resolving such issues.", "6. Progress and impediments evidenced in the course of the technical talks are summarized in the relevant sections of the present report.", "I. Declaration of items subject to the plan", "7. In the course of the high-level technical talks in New York and Baghdad the Iraqi representatives handed over, inter alia, statements on additional material (including depleted uranium and heavy water) required to be reported pursuant to annex 3 to the plan, a mid-year update of the declaration of items listed on annex 3 to the plan, a mid-year update of the list of radioisotopes in Iraq as required pursuant to paragraph 22 (d) of the plan and a mid-year update of the information on nuclear-relevant sites and facilities as required under annex 2 to the plan. In addition, the Iraqi officials provided a set of forms developed by the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) to implement a computerized system of accountancy and reporting, showing status, present location and utilization for all items listed in the declaration required under annex 3 to the plan.", "8. The information provided by the Iraqi representatives is being analysed by IAEA to determine whether it satisfies the requirements of the plan. Preliminary results of this analysis show that, while some progress has been made, the overall quality of the documentation still leaves much to be desired in terms of completeness and accuracy. A detailed list of what is needed to bring the IAEC reporting under the plan to the necessary standard has been communicated to the Iraqi Government. Promises have been obtained from IAEC that a further effort will be made to correct the shortcomings and to improve the completeness and accuracy of the documentation. In the course of the technical talks in Baghdad, IAEC informed the IAEA team that additional information required under annex 2 to the plan was in preparation and would be transmitted to the IAEA-22 inspection team.", "II. Radiometric hydrologic survey", "9. As indicated in the last report on the implementation of the plan, part of the long-term monitoring effort in Iraq involves the periodic radiometric survey of the main water bodies in Iraq. The survey serves as a measure for the timely detection of undeclared nuclear activities as well as for the establishment of a baseline for longer-term monitoring. This requires the collection of surface water, sediment and biota samples. During the nineteenth inspection, such samples were taken at 15 locations along the Tigris-Euphrates watersheds. The next sampling campaign has been scheduled for the beginning of November 1993, in connection with the twenty-second IAEA inspection mission.", "III. Periodic inspection activities", "10. Since the last report on the implementation of the plan, IAEA has conducted three inspection missions, in the course of which it has carried out two no‑notice inspections of newly designated sites, as well as a number of inspections of a monitoring nature at previously visited sites. One of these was carried out at a suspected equipment dispersal site near Al Nida (formerly Al Rabiyah), where a number of machines, including one under IAEA seal from Al Nida, were located.", "IV. Nuclear material balance", "11. As indicated above, in the course of the high-level technical talks, the Iraqi authorities made available additional information on nuclear material, in particular as it relates to depleted uranium and imported natural uranium oxide, and on the existence in Iraq of a small amount of heavy water.", "12. A complete inventory of all stocks of nuclear material, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium compounds, existing in Iraq is a prerequisite for any meaningful implementation of the plan, since it must provide the starting point of the nuclear material accountancy. Any future variation of the inventory will require a detailed explanation, will entail verification and will have to be thoroughly documented.", "13. Major inconsistencies between the Iraqi declarations concerning nuclear material and IAEA's results of samples analysis were mentioned in the last report, which raised serious questions about the completeness of the present inventory of nuclear materials in Iraq. In the course of the high-level technical talks in New York, some clarifications were provided by the Iraqi authorities. If verified, these clarifications could explain these inconsistencies. Such verification will require additional sampling and analysis.", "V. Equipment and materials", "14. In the course of the eighteenth inspection (3-11 March 1993), 242 computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools were seen for the first time during an inspection of the workshops of the Al Hatteen State Establishment. None of the machines had been included previously in the Iraqi declaration with respect to items listed in annex 3 to the plan. The Iraqi authorities asserted that the machine tools had not been included in the list because they had not met the specifications of annex 3. IAEA is currently verifying the correctness of this statement through inquiries with the manufacturers. In IAEA's inventory of CNC machine tools found in Iraq (over 1,000 items), 148 have been identified as Matrix Churchill machine tools. During the nineteenth inspection, the team ascertained that 144 of the 148 Matrix Churchill CNC machine tools did not meet the annex 3 specifications, but that the remaining 4 required further evaluation.", "15. Fifty additional Matrix Churchill CNC machine tools were found during the twentieth IAEA inspection in Iraq at the Nahrawan munition factory, following receipt of information provided by a Member State. Again the Iraqi authorities stated that this stock of CNC machine tools did not meet the specifications of annex 3. This statement is being verified by machine tools experts.", "16. IAEA has indications suggesting that a considerable number of Matrix Churchill CNC machines exported to Iraq are still missing and this matter will be pursued further.", "17. Two hundred fifty-five tons of high explosive of the HMX type are stored under IAEA seal in six bunkers at the Al Qa Qaa site. As a typical dual-use material, HMX is listed in annex 3 to the plan. The present storage conditions of HMX at Al Qa Qaa are inconvenient for monitoring and cause some safety concerns. IAEA has requested that the Iraqi side consolidate the HMX in a safer and more convenient place to facilitate sealing and regular monitoring. The IAEA-20 team evaluated two large bunkers in the Muthanna complex which Iraq had proposed as an alternative storage location. With minor modifications to improve security, these bunkers represent a considerable improvement over the current storage conditions at Al Qa Qaa. The transfer of the HMX is expected to take place during IAEA-22.", "VI. Procurement-related information", "18. A clear understanding of Iraqi procurements and the sources of technical advice for the nuclear programme has been a primary objective since the beginning of inspections in Iraq under resolution 687 (1991). During IAEA-18, following a course well established through previous inspections, a broad range of questions dealing with Iraqi procurements were put to the Iraqi side. The Iraqi side's often stated response was that, with the destruction of records during and following the Gulf war, it had no way to deal with such a general request and, in addition, it believed that most of the requested information was already in the hands of IAEA. While it is true that, through inspection data collected in Iraq, investigations undertaken by Governments of Member States and interviews with personnel of specific companies, most of the programme has been identified and that many of the front organizations and purchasing agents are also known, there still remain uncertainties as to the completeness of the information.", "19. A number of important questions, the answers to which remain outstanding, have been put to the Iraqi aide on several occasions. In December 1992, these questions were put forward in response to an offer from the Chairman of IAEC to deal positively with specific questions. These questions were restated during the first round of high-level technical talks in New York as follows:", "(a) What are the identities of the individuals and/or companies from outside Iraq who supplied technical and design information for the Iraqi magnetic centrifuge?", "(b) Who were the manufacturers, suppliers, agents and shippers for the 360-grade maraging steel? Please distinguish between the sources of the maraging steel used in the manufacture of centrifuge components outside Iraq and the stock of maraging steel presented inside Iraq. (The Iraqi side expressed concern that, while it can identify the supplier, it has no knowledge of who manufactured the maraging steel);", "(c) Who supplied the carbon fibre rotor tubes and how were technical specifications communicated to the manufacturer?", "(d) Describe the activities undertaken by the H & H Company with respect to the Iraqi centrifuge enrichment programme;", "(e) Identify the manufacturer and describe the procurement procedure for the HMX explosive declared by Iraq to have been intended for conventional armaments.", "20. At the end of the second round of high-level technical talks held in Baghdad in October 1993, the Iraqi authorities provided information covering the five areas listed in the previous paragraph. This information is now being verified for correctness and completeness. A preliminary assessment indicates that, while the procurement issues (e.g. the source of supplies and the dealers) have been reasonably covered, the extent of foreign advice concerning the centrifuge uranium enrichment programme has been grossly understated and the information provided in this area is not sufficient to explain the progress made by Iraqi scientists and engineers in developing working centrifuge prototypes. This matter will be further pursued in the course of the November inspection.", "VII. Removal of irradiated nuclear fuel assemblies", "21. Since the last report on implementation of the plan, IAEA was able to conclude a contract with the Committee on International Relations of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy (CIR Minatom) for the removal, processing and sale or storage of highly enriched uranium still remaining in Iraq, under IAEA's custody, in the form of irradiated fuel assemblies of the Iraqi research reactors. All the complex technical preparations for the removal of the fuel were completed by the end of October. The first of the two shipments to the Russian Federation is currently scheduled to take place in December 1993.", "VIII. Summary and conclusions", "22. Some progress has been made in the last three IAEA inspection missions in Iraq, and during the two rounds of high-level technical talks in New York and Baghdad, in clarifying issues relevant to problems that are still open. Efforts are now focused on completing the technical basis for implementing effectively the ongoing monitoring and verification plan as foreseen in resolution 715 (1991).", "23. Remaining problems are compounded by the persistent refusal of the Iraqi Government to formally recognize its obligations under United Nations Security Council resolutions 707 (1991) and 715 (1991). Until Iraq desists in its refusal, it will not have compiled with the requirement laid down in paragraph 12 of section C of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) that it accept the plan prepared by the Agency and approved by the Security Council.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26685", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "NOTA DEL SECRETARIO GENERAL", "El Secretario General tiene el honor de transmitir a los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad la comunicación adjunta que ha recibido del Director General interino del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica (OIEA).", "ANEXO", "Carta de fecha 29 de octubre de 1993 dirigida al Secretario", "General por el Director General interino del Organismo", "Internacional de Energía Atómica", "En el párrafo 8 de su resolución 715 (1991), aprobada el 11 de octubre de 1991, el Consejo de Seguridad pidió al Director General del OIEA que presentara al Consejo informes sobre la aplicación del plan del Organismo para la vigilancia y la verificación permanentes en el futuro del cumplimiento por el Iraq de lo dispuesto en el párrafo 12 de la resolución 687 (1991), de 3 de abril de 1991. Esos informes han de presentarse cuando lo solicite el Consejo y, en cualquier caso, cada seis meses por lo menos a partir de la aprobación de la resolución 715 (1991).", "En consecuencia, le solicito que se sirva transmitir al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad el cuarto informe semestral adjunto sobre la aplicación del plan. El Director General quedará a su disposición para cualquier consulta que usted o el Consejo tengan a bien hacer.", "(Firmado) David WALLER", "Director General interino", "APENDICE", "Cuarto informe del Director General del Organismo Internacional", "de Energía Atómica sobre la aplicación del plan del Organismo", "para la vigilancia y la verificación permanentes en el futuro", "del cumplimiento por el Iraq de lo dispuesto en el párrafo 12", "de la resolución 687 (1991)", "El 11 de octubre de 1991, el Consejo de Seguridad aprobó su resolución 715 (1991), en la que, entre otras cosas, aprobó el plan presentado en el documento S/22872/Rev.1 y Corr.1 por el Director General del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica para la vigilancia y la verificación permanentes en el futuro del cumplimiento por el Iraq de lo dispuesto en el párrafo 12 de la parte C de la resolución 687 (1991) del Consejo de Seguridad y de los requisitos de los párrafos 3 y 5 de la resolución 707 (1991). En el párrafo 8 de la resolución 715 (1991), el Consejo de Seguridad pidió al Director General del OIEA que le presentara informes sobre la aplicación del plan cuando lo solicitara el Consejo de Seguridad y, en cualquier caso, cada seis meses por lo menos a partir de la aprobación de la resolución 715 (1991). Los tres primeros informes presentados por el Director General se distribuyeron el 15 de abril de 1992 (S/23813), el 28 de octubre de 1992, (S/24722) y el 19 de abril de 1993 (S/25621), respectivamente.", "El Director General presenta aquí el cuarto informe semestral sobre la aplicación del plan para la vigilancia y la verificación permanentes en el futuro de la capacidad nuclear del Iraq (denominado en adelante \"el plan\").", "Desde que se presentó el último informe el 19 de abril de 1993, el OIEA ha llevado a cabo tres misiones de inspección en el Iraq, la 19ª (30 de abril a 7 de mayo de 1993), la 20ª (25 a 30 de junio de 1993) y la 21ª (24 a 27 de julio de 1993). Figuran informes detallados sobre los resultados de estas inspecciones en los documentos S/25982 y S/26333. Actualmente está previsto que la 22ª misión de inspección se lleve a cabo a principios de noviembre de 1993.", "Durante el período en examen se celebraron conversaciones técnicas de alto nivel en Nueva York (31 de agosto a 9 de septiembre de 1993) y en Bagdad (1º a 9 de octubre de 1993) entre delegaciones de la Comisión Especial de las Naciones Unidas y el OIEA, por una parte, y, por otra, una delegación del Iraq. Se distribuyeron informes amplios sobre estas dos series de conversaciones como documentos del Consejo de Seguridad S/26451, S/26571 y S/26584.", "Estas conversaciones, que se gestaron a raíz de una visita al Iraq del Presidente Ejecutivo de la Comisión Especial en julio de 1993 (véase el documento S/26127), tenían por objeto tratar la índole y la aplicación de las disposiciones de los planes para la vigilancia y la verificación permanentes aprobados por la resolución 715 (1991) del Consejo de Seguridad, así como todas las demás cuestiones pendientes entre el Iraq, la Comisión y el OIEA, con miras a resolver dichas cuestiones.", "En las secciones correspondientes del presente informe se resumen los adelantos y los tropiezos evidenciados durante las conversaciones técnicas.", "I. DECLARACION DE ELEMENTOS INCLUIDOS EN EL PLAN", "Durante las conversaciones de alto nivel celebradas en Nueva York y Bagdad los representantes iraquíes entregaron, entre otras cosas, declaraciones sobre material adicional (inclusive uranio irradiado y agua pesada) que debía comunicarse en cumplimiento del anexo 3 del plan, una actualización de mitad de año de la declaración de los elementos enumerados en el anexo 3 del plan, una actualización de mitad de año de la lista de radioisótopos existentes en el Iraq según se exigía en cumplimiento del párrafo 22 d) del plan y una actualización de mitad de año de la información sobre sitios e instalaciones relacionados con la energía nuclear según lo exigido en virtud del anexo 2 del plan. Además, los funcionarios iraquíes facilitaron un conjunto de formularios elaborados por la Comisión Iraquí de Energía Atómica (IAEC) para la utilización de un sistema computadorizado de contabilidad y presentación de informes en el que se indicaban la condición, la ubicación actual y la utilización de todos los elementos enumerados en la declaración exigida con arreglo al anexo 3 del plan.", "El OIEA está analizando la información facilitada por los representantes iraquíes para determinar si llena los requisitos del plan. Los resultados preliminares de este análisis indican que, aunque se han logrado ciertos avances, la calidad general de la documentación aún deja mucho que desear en cuanto a la exhaustividad y exactitud. Se ha comunicado al Gobierno del Iraq una lista pormenorizada de lo que hace falta para que los informes de la IAEC estén a la altura de los requisitos del plan. Se han conseguido promesas de la IAEC de que se realizarán mayores esfuerzos para subsanar las deficiencias y para mejorar la documentación en lo referente a su exhaustividad y exactitud. Durante las conversaciones técnicas en Bagdad la IAEC informó al grupo del OIEA de que se estaba preparando la información adicional exigida con arreglo al anexo 2 del plan y que se transmitiría al 22º grupo de inspección del OIEA.", "II. PROSPECCION HIDROLOGICA RADIOMETRICA", "Como se indica en el más reciente informe sobre la ejecución del plan, parte de las actividades de vigilancia a largo plazo en el Iraq comprende la prospección radiométrica periódica de las principales masas de agua en el Iraq. La prospección sirve de medida para el descubrimiento oportuno de actividades nucleares no declaradas y para el establecimiento de una base de datos de referencia para la vigilancia a más largo plazo. Esto exige reunir muestras de agua superficial, sedimentos y biota. Durante la 19ª inspección se recogieron muestras de dicha índole en 15 sitios a lo largo de las cuencas hidrográficas del Tigris y el Eufrates. Se tiene previsto realizar la próxima campaña de muestreo para principios de noviembre de 1993, en relación con la 22ª misión de inspección del OIEA.", "III. ACTIVIDADES DE INSPECCION PERIODICA", "Desde el último informe sobre la ejecución del plan, el OIEA ha llevado a cabo tres misiones de inspección, durante las cuales ha realizado dos inspecciones sin aviso previo de sitios recién designados, así como varias inspecciones de vigilancia en sitios visitados anteriormente. Una de éstas se", "realizó en un sitio sospechoso de utilizarse para dispersar equipo cerca de Al Nida (antes Al Rabiyah), donde se encontraron varias máquinas, incluida una con sello del OIEA proveniente de Al Nida.", "IV. BALANCE DEL MATERIAL NUCLEAR", "Como se indicó anteriormente, durante las conversaciones técnicas de alto nivel las autoridades iraquíes facilitaron información adicional sobre material nuclear, en particular en lo que se refiere a uranio irradiado y óxido de uranio natural importado, y sobre la existencia en el Iraq de una pequeña cantidad de agua pesada.", "Un inventario completo de todas las existencias de material nuclear, como compuestos de uranio, torio y plutonio, existentes en el Iraq es requisito previo para una ejecución realista del plan, ya que debe servir de punto de partida para la contabilidad de material nuclear. Toda variación futura en las existencias exigirá una explicación detallada, supondrá realizar una verificación y deberá documentarse minuciosamente.", "En el último informe se mencionaron discrepancias importantes entre las declaraciones iraquíes relativas al material nuclear y los resultados de los análisis de muestras obtenidas por el OIEA, lo que planteaba graves dudas acerca de la exhaustividad del actual inventario de materiales nucleares en el Iraq. Durante las conversaciones técnicas de alto nivel en Nueva York las autoridades iraquíes presentaron ciertas aclaraciones. Si se verifican, estas aclaraciones podrían explicar dichas discrepancias. Dicha verificación exigirá toma de muestras y análisis adicionales.", "V. EQUIPO Y MATERIAL", "Durante la 18ª inspección (3 a 11 de marzo de 1993), se encontraron por primera vez 242 máquinas herramientas de control numérico por computadora (CNC) durante una inspección de los talleres del Establecimiento Estatal de Al Hatteen. Ninguna de las máquinas se había incluido anteriormente en la declaración iraquí relativa a los elementos enumerados en el anexo 3 del plan. Las autoridades iraquíes aseveraron que las máquinas herramientas no se habían incluido en la lista ya que no satisfacían las especificaciones del anexo 3. El OIEA está verificando actualmente si esta afirmación es correcta mediante consultas con los fabricantes. En el inventario levantado por el OIEA de máquinas herramientas de CNC encontradas en el Iraq (más de 1.000 máquinas), se determinó que 148 eran máquinas herramientas Matrix Churchill. Durante la 19ª inspección, el equipo se cercioró de que 144 de las 148 máquinas herramientas de CNC Matrix Churchill no cumplían las especificaciones del anexo 3, pero que las cuatro restantes exigían una evaluación más a fondo.", "Durante la 20ª inspección del OIEA en el Iraq se encontraron otras 50 máquinas herramientas de CNC Matrix Churchill en la fábrica de municiones de Nahrawan, luego de recibir información facilitada por un Estado Miembro. Nuevamente las autoridades iraquíes declararon que este grupo de máquinas herramientas de CNC no satisfacía las especificaciones del anexo 3. Esta declaración la están verificando expertos en máquinas herramientas.", "El OIEA tiene indicaciones que dan a entender que aún se desconoce el paradero de un número considerable de máquinas de CNC Matrix Churchill exportadas al Iraq y se seguirá tratando de aclarar este asunto.", "En el sitio de Al Qa Qaa hay almacenadas 255 toneladas de explosivo detonante del tipo ciclotetrametilentetranitramina (HMX) con sello del OIEA en seis casamatas. Como típico material de doble uso, el HMX figura en el anexo 3 del plan. Las actuales condiciones de almacenamiento del HMX en Al Qa Qaa presentan inconvenientes para la vigilancia y ocasionan ciertos temores por la seguridad. El OIEA ha pedido a los iraquíes que consoliden el HMX en un lugar más seguro y conveniente para facilitar el precintado y la vigilancia periódica. El 20º grupo de inspección del OIEA evaluó dos grandes casamatas en el complejo de Muthanna que el Iraq había propuesto como otro sitio posible para el almacenamiento. Con pequeñas modificaciones para mejorar la seguridad, estas casamatas constituyen una considerable mejora respecto de las actuales condiciones de almacenamiento en Al Qa Qaa. Se prevé que el traslado del HMX se realice durante la 22ª inspección del OIEA.", "VI. INFORMACION RELACIONADA CON LAS ADQUISICIONES", "Una comprensión clara de las adquisiciones del Iraq y de las fuentes de asesoramiento técnico para el programa nuclear ha sido un objetivo primordial desde el comienzo de las inspecciones en el Iraq con arreglo a la resolución 687 (1991). Durante la 18ª inspección del OIEA, ciñéndose a una pauta bien establecida durante las inspecciones anteriores, se planteó a la parte iraquí una amplia variedad de preguntas relativas a las adquisiciones del Iraq. La respuesta que a menudo daba la parte iraquí era que, a raíz de la destrucción de los archivos durante la guerra del Golfo y luego de ésta, no tenía forma de atender una solicitud tan general y, además, estimaba que la mayor parte de la información solicitada ya obraba en poder del OIEA. Si bien es verdad que, gracias a los datos de inspección reunidos en el Iraq, investigaciones realizadas por gobiernos de Estados Miembros y entrevistas con el personal de determinadas empresas, se tiene un cuadro detallado de la mayor parte del programa, y que también se conocen muchas de las organizaciones de fachada y los agentes de compras, aún persisten incertidumbres en cuanto a la exhaustividad de la información.", "En varias ocasiones se han planteado varias preguntas importantes a la parte iraquí, de las cuales aún no se han recibido repuestas. En diciembre de 1992, estas preguntas se plantearon en respuesta a una oferta del Presidente de la IAEC de atender positivamente determinadas preguntas. Estas preguntas se volvieron a plantear durante la primera serie de conversaciones técnicas de alto nivel en Nueva York, como se indica a continuación:", "a) ¿Cuáles son las identidades de las personas o las empresas de fuera del Iraq que suministraron información técnica y de diseño para la centrífuga magnética iraquí?", "b) ¿Quiénes eran los fabricantes, proveedores, agentes y expedidores del acero al níquel de bajo contenido de carbono de grado 360? Sírvase distinguir entre la proveniencia del acero al níquel de bajo contenido de carbono utilizado en la fabricación de componentes de centrífugas fuera del Iraq y las existencias de acero al níquel de bajo contenido de carbono mostradas en el Iraq (la parte iraquí expresó pesar porque, si bien podía individualizar al proveedor, no tenía conocimiento de quién fabricase el acero al níquel de bajo contenido de carbono);", "c) ¿Quién suministró los tubos de rotor de fibra de carbono y cómo se comunicaron las especificaciones técnicas al fabricante?", "d) Descríbanse las actividades realizadas por la H & H Company con respecto al programa de enriquecimiento centrífugo del Iraq;", "e) Individualice al fabricante y describa el procedimiento de adquisición del explosivo HMX que, según lo declaró el Iraq, estaba destinado a armamentos convencionales.", "Al final de la segunda serie de conversaciones técnicas de alto nivel celebrada en Bagdad en octubre de 1993, las autoridades iraquíes facilitaron información relativa a las cinco materias indicadas en el párrafo anterior. Actualmente se está verificando la corrección y exhaustividad de esta información. Una evaluación preliminar indica que, si bien las cuestiones de adquisición (por ejemplo, la procedencia de los suministros y los agentes) se han tratado razonablemente, se ha subestimado notoriamente el grado de asesoramiento externo relativo al programa de enriquecimiento centrífugo de uranio y la información proporcionada a este respecto no es suficiente para explicar los avances logrados por los científicos e ingenieros iraquíes en la fabricación de prototipos de centrífugas viables. Este asunto se seguirá tratando durante la inspección de noviembre.", "VII. REMOCION DE LAS UNIDADES DE COMBUSTIBLE NUCLEAR IRRADIADO", "Desde el último informe sobre la ejecución del plan, el OIEA consiguió concertar un contrato con el Comité de Relaciones Internacionales del Ministerio de Energía Atómica de la Federación de Rusia (CIR Minatom) con miras a la remoción, el procesamiento y la venta o el almacenamiento de uranio muy enriquecido que todavía queda en el Iraq, bajo custodia del OIEA, en forma de unidades de combustible nuclear irradiado de los reactores de investigación del Iraq. Para fines de octubre se habían terminado todos los complejos preparativos técnicos para la retirada del combustible. Se tiene previsto actualmente realizar el primero de los dos envíos a la Federación de Rusia en diciembre de 1993.", "VIII. RESUMEN Y CONCLUSIONES", "Se han logrado ciertos adelantos en las últimas tres misiones de inspección del OIEA en el Iraq y durante las dos series de conversaciones técnicas de alto nivel celebradas en Nueva York y Bagdad, en el esclarecimiento de cuestiones relacionadas con problemas que aún están insolutos. Las actividades se están centrando ahora en dar punto final a la base técnica para la ejecución eficaz del plan para la vigilancia y la verificación permanentes según lo previsto en la resolución 715 (1991).", "Los restantes problemas se ven agravados por la persistente negativa del Gobierno del Iraq a reconocer oficialmente sus obligaciones en virtud de las resoluciones 707 (1991) y 715 (1991) del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas. Mientras el Iraq no desista de su negativa, no habrá cumplido el requisito estipulado en el párrafo 12 de la sección C de la resolución 687 (1991) del Consejo de Seguridad de que acepte el plan preparado por el Organismo y aprobado por el Consejo de Seguridad.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26685", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. NOTE BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the Security Council the attached communication which he has received from the Acting Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).", "93-60760 (E) 081193 /...", "Annex", "Letter dated 29 October 1993 from the Acting Director General", "of the International Atomic Energy Agency addressed to the", "Secretary-General", "In paragraph 8 of resolution 715 (1991), adopted on 11 October 1991, the Security Council requests the Director General of IAEA to submit to the Council reports on the implementation of the Agency's plan for future ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991. These reports are to be submitted when requested by the Security Council and, in any event, at least every six months after the adoption of resolution 715 (1991).", "Accordingly, I am requesting you to kindly transmit to the President of the Security Council the enclosed fourth six-monthly report on the implementation of the plan. The Director General will remain available for any consultations you or the Council may wish to have.", "(Signed) David WALLER", "Acting Director General", "Enclosure", "Fourth report of the Director General of the International Atomic", "Energy Agency on the implementation of the Agency's plan for", "future ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance", "with paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991)", "1. On 11 October 1991, the Security Council adopted resolution 715 (1991) approving, inter alia, the plan submitted in document S/22872/Rev.1 and Corr.1 by the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency for future ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of part C of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) and with the requirements of paragraphs 3 and 5 of resolution 707 (1991). In paragraph 8 of resolution 715 (1991), the Security Council requested the Director General of IAEA to submit to it reports on the implementation of the plan when requested by the Security Council and, in any event, at least every six months after the adoption of resolution 715 (1991). The first three reports submitted by the Director General were circulated on 15 April 1992 (S/23813), 28 October 1992 (S/24722) and 19 April 1993 (S/25621), respectively.", "2. The Director General hereby submits the fourth six-monthly report on implementation of the plan for future ongoing monitoring and verification related to Iraq's nuclear capabilities (hereinafter referred to as the plan).", "3. Since the last report of 19 April 1993, IAEA has carried out three inspection missions in Iraq, the nineteenth (30 April-7 May 1993), twentieth (25-30 June 1993) and twenty-first (24-27 July 1993) inspections. Detailed reports on the results of these inspections are contained in documents S/25982 and S/26333. The twenty-second mission is currently scheduled to take place in early November 1993.", "4. During the period under review high-level technical talks were held in New York (31 August-9 September 1993) and in Baghdad (1-9 October 1993) between delegations from the United Nations Special Commission and IAEA, on the one hand, and, on the other, a delegation from Iraq. Comprehensive reports on these two rounds of talks were circulated to the Security Council as documents S/26451, S/26571 and S/26584.", "5. These talks, which grew out of a visit to Iraq by the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission in July 1993 (see S/26127), were intended to address the nature and implementation of the provisions of the plans for ongoing monitoring and verification as approved by Security Council resolution 715 (1991), as well as all other outstanding issues between Iraq, the Commission and IAEA, with a view to resolving such issues.", "6. Progress and impediments evidenced in the course of the technical talks are summarized in the relevant sections of the present report.", "I. Declaration of items subject to the plan", "7. In the course of the high-level technical talks in New York and Baghdad the Iraqi representatives handed over, inter alia, statements on additional material (including depleted uranium and heavy water) required to be reported pursuant to annex 3 to the plan, a mid-year update of the declaration of items listed on annex 3 to the plan, a mid-year update of the list of radioisotopes in Iraq as required pursuant to paragraph 22 (d) of the plan and a mid-year update of the information on nuclear-relevant sites and facilities as required under annex 2 to the plan. In addition, the Iraqi officials provided a set of forms developed by the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) to implement a computerized system of accountancy and reporting, showing status, present location and utilization for all items listed in the declaration required under annex 3 to the plan.", "8. The information provided by the Iraqi representatives is being analysed by IAEA to determine whether it satisfies the requirements of the plan. Preliminary results of this analysis show that, while some progress has been made, the overall quality of the documentation still leaves much to be desired in terms of completeness and accuracy. A detailed list of what is needed to bring the IAEC reporting under the plan to the necessary standard has been communicated to the Iraqi Government. Promises have been obtained from IAEC that a further effort will be made to correct the shortcomings and to improve the completeness and accuracy of the documentation. In the course of the technical talks in Baghdad, IAEC informed the IAEA team that additional information required under annex 2 to the plan was in preparation and would be transmitted to the IAEA-22 inspection team.", "II. Radiometric hydrologic survey", "9. As indicated in the last report on the implementation of the plan, part of the long-term monitoring effort in Iraq involves the periodic radiometric survey of the main water bodies in Iraq. The survey serves as a measure for the timely detection of undeclared nuclear activities as well as for the establishment of a baseline for longer-term monitoring. This requires the collection of surface water, sediment and biota samples. During the nineteenth inspection, such samples were taken at 15 locations along the Tigris-Euphrates watersheds. The next sampling campaign has been scheduled for the beginning of November 1993, in connection with the twenty-second IAEA inspection mission.", "III. Periodic inspection activities", "10. Since the last report on the implementation of the plan, IAEA has conducted three inspection missions, in the course of which it has carried out two no‑notice inspections of newly designated sites, as well as a number of inspections of a monitoring nature at previously visited sites. One of these was carried out at a suspected equipment dispersal site near Al Nida (formerly Al Rabiyah), where a number of machines, including one under IAEA seal from Al Nida, were located.", "IV. Nuclear material balance", "11. As indicated above, in the course of the high-level technical talks, the Iraqi authorities made available additional information on nuclear material, in particular as it relates to depleted uranium and imported natural uranium oxide, and on the existence in Iraq of a small amount of heavy water.", "12. A complete inventory of all stocks of nuclear material, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium compounds, existing in Iraq is a prerequisite for any meaningful implementation of the plan, since it must provide the starting point of the nuclear material accountancy. Any future variation of the inventory will require a detailed explanation, will entail verification and will have to be thoroughly documented.", "13. Major inconsistencies between the Iraqi declarations concerning nuclear material and IAEA's results of samples analysis were mentioned in the last report, which raised serious questions about the completeness of the present inventory of nuclear materials in Iraq. In the course of the high-level technical talks in New York, some clarifications were provided by the Iraqi authorities. If verified, these clarifications could explain these inconsistencies. Such verification will require additional sampling and analysis.", "V. Equipment and materials", "14. In the course of the eighteenth inspection (3-11 March 1993), 242 computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools were seen for the first time during an inspection of the workshops of the Al Hatteen State Establishment. None of the machines had been included previously in the Iraqi declaration with respect to items listed in annex 3 to the plan. The Iraqi authorities asserted that the machine tools had not been included in the list because they had not met the specifications of annex 3. IAEA is currently verifying the correctness of this statement through inquiries with the manufacturers. In IAEA's inventory of CNC machine tools found in Iraq (over 1,000 items), 148 have been identified as Matrix Churchill machine tools. During the nineteenth inspection, the team ascertained that 144 of the 148 Matrix Churchill CNC machine tools did not meet the annex 3 specifications, but that the remaining 4 required further evaluation.", "15. Fifty additional Matrix Churchill CNC machine tools were found during the twentieth IAEA inspection in Iraq at the Nahrawan munition factory, following receipt of information provided by a Member State. Again the Iraqi authorities stated that this stock of CNC machine tools did not meet the specifications of annex 3. This statement is being verified by machine tools experts.", "16. IAEA has indications suggesting that a considerable number of Matrix Churchill CNC machines exported to Iraq are still missing and this matter will be pursued further.", "17. Two hundred fifty-five tons of high explosive of the HMX type are stored under IAEA seal in six bunkers at the Al Qa Qaa site. As a typical dual-use material, HMX is listed in annex 3 to the plan. The present storage conditions of HMX at Al Qa Qaa are inconvenient for monitoring and cause some safety concerns. IAEA has requested that the Iraqi side consolidate the HMX in a safer and more convenient place to facilitate sealing and regular monitoring. The IAEA-20 team evaluated two large bunkers in the Muthanna complex which Iraq had proposed as an alternative storage location. With minor modifications to improve security, these bunkers represent a considerable improvement over the current storage conditions at Al Qa Qaa. The transfer of the HMX is expected to take place during IAEA-22.", "VI. Procurement-related information", "18. A clear understanding of Iraqi procurements and the sources of technical advice for the nuclear programme has been a primary objective since the beginning of inspections in Iraq under resolution 687 (1991). During IAEA-18, following a course well established through previous inspections, a broad range of questions dealing with Iraqi procurements were put to the Iraqi side. The Iraqi side's often stated response was that, with the destruction of records during and following the Gulf war, it had no way to deal with such a general request and, in addition, it believed that most of the requested information was already in the hands of IAEA. While it is true that, through inspection data collected in Iraq, investigations undertaken by Governments of Member States and interviews with personnel of specific companies, most of the programme has been identified and that many of the front organizations and purchasing agents are also known, there still remain uncertainties as to the completeness of the information.", "19. A number of important questions, the answers to which remain outstanding, have been put to the Iraqi aide on several occasions. In December 1992, these questions were put forward in response to an offer from the Chairman of IAEC to deal positively with specific questions. These questions were restated during the first round of high-level technical talks in New York as follows:", "(a) What are the identities of the individuals and/or companies from outside Iraq who supplied technical and design information for the Iraqi magnetic centrifuge?", "(b) Who were the manufacturers, suppliers, agents and shippers for the 360-grade maraging steel? Please distinguish between the sources of the maraging steel used in the manufacture of centrifuge components outside Iraq and the stock of maraging steel presented inside Iraq. (The Iraqi side expressed concern that, while it can identify the supplier, it has no knowledge of who manufactured the maraging steel);", "(c) Who supplied the carbon fibre rotor tubes and how were technical specifications communicated to the manufacturer?", "(d) Describe the activities undertaken by the H & H Company with respect to the Iraqi centrifuge enrichment programme;", "(e) Identify the manufacturer and describe the procurement procedure for the HMX explosive declared by Iraq to have been intended for conventional armaments.", "20. At the end of the second round of high-level technical talks held in Baghdad in October 1993, the Iraqi authorities provided information covering the five areas listed in the previous paragraph. This information is now being verified for correctness and completeness. A preliminary assessment indicates that, while the procurement issues (e.g. the source of supplies and the dealers) have been reasonably covered, the extent of foreign advice concerning the centrifuge uranium enrichment programme has been grossly understated and the information provided in this area is not sufficient to explain the progress made by Iraqi scientists and engineers in developing working centrifuge prototypes. This matter will be further pursued in the course of the November inspection.", "VII. Removal of irradiated nuclear fuel assemblies", "21. Since the last report on implementation of the plan, IAEA was able to conclude a contract with the Committee on International Relations of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy (CIR Minatom) for the removal, processing and sale or storage of highly enriched uranium still remaining in Iraq, under IAEA's custody, in the form of irradiated fuel assemblies of the Iraqi research reactors. All the complex technical preparations for the removal of the fuel were completed by the end of October. The first of the two shipments to the Russian Federation is currently scheduled to take place in December 1993.", "VIII. Summary and conclusions", "22. Some progress has been made in the last three IAEA inspection missions in Iraq, and during the two rounds of high-level technical talks in New York and Baghdad, in clarifying issues relevant to problems that are still open. Efforts are now focused on completing the technical basis for implementing effectively the ongoing monitoring and verification plan as foreseen in resolution 715 (1991).", "23. Remaining problems are compounded by the persistent refusal of the Iraqi Government to formally recognize its obligations under United Nations Security Council resolutions 707 (1991) and 715 (1991). Until Iraq desists in its refusal, it will not have compiled with the requirement laid down in paragraph 12 of section C of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) that it accept the plan prepared by the Agency and approved by the Security Council.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S / 26685", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "NOTE BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the Security Council the attached communication he has received from the Acting Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).", "ANNEX", "Letter dated 29 October 1993 from the Permanent Representative", "of the Agency addressed to the Secretary-General", "International Atomic Energy Agency", "In paragraph 8 of its resolution 715 (1991), adopted on 11 October 1991, the Security Council requested the Director-General of IAEA to submit to the Council reports on the implementation of the Agency's plan for the future monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991.Such reports should be submitted at the request of the Council and, in any case, at least every six months from the adoption of resolution 715 (1991).", "I therefore request that the attached fourth semi-annual report on the implementation of the plan be transmitted to the President of the Security Council.The Director-General will be at your disposal for any consultation you or the Council may wish to make.", "(Signed) David WALLER", "Acting Director-General", "Appendix", "Fourth report of the Director-General of the International Agency", "on the implementation of the Agency's plan", "for future ongoing monitoring and verification", "of Iraq & apos; s compliance with paragraph 12", "resolution 687 (1991)", "On 11 October 1991, the Security Council adopted its resolution 715 (1991), by which it, inter alia, adopted the plan presented in document S / 22872 / Rev.1 and Corr.1 by the Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency for the future monitoring and verification of Iraq & apos; s compliance with the provisions of part C of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) and the requirements of paragraphs 3 and 5 of resolution 707 (1991).In paragraph 8 of resolution 715 (1991), the Security Council requested the Director-General of IAEA to report to it on the implementation of the plan at the request of the Security Council and, in any case, at least every six months from the adoption of resolution 715 (1991).The first three reports submitted by the Director-General were distributed on 15 April 1992 (S / 23813), 28 October 1992 (S / 24722) and 19 April 1993 (S / 25621), respectively.", "The Director-General presents here the fourth biannual report on the implementation of the plan for the ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's nuclear capacity (hereinafter referred to as the \"plan\").", "Since the last report was submitted on 19 April 1993, IAEA has conducted three inspection missions in Iraq, the 19th (30 April-7 May 1993), the 20th (25-30 June 1993) and the 21st (24-27 July 1993).Detailed reports on the results of these inspections are contained in documents S / 25982 and S / 26333.The twenty-second inspection mission is currently scheduled to be carried out in early November 1993.", "High-level technical talks were held during the period under review in New York (31 August-9 September 1993) and in Baghdad (1-9 October 1993) between delegations of the United Nations Special Commission and IAEA, on the one hand, and a delegation from Iraq on the other.Comprehensive reports on these two series of talks were circulated as Security Council documents S / 26451, S / 26571 and S / 26584.", "These discussions, which were conducted following a visit to Iraq by the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission in July 1993 (see S / 26127), were aimed at addressing the nature and implementation of the provisions of the plans for ongoing monitoring and verification adopted by Security Council resolution 715 (1991), as well as all other outstanding issues between Iraq, the Commission and IAEA, with a view to resolving those issues.", "The relevant sections of the present report summarize the progress and the setbacks that have been identified during the technical discussions.", "I.STATEMENT OF ELEMENTS INCLUDED IN THE PLAN", "During the high-level talks in New York and Baghdad, Iraqi representatives provided, inter alia, statements on additional material (including irradiated uranium and heavy water) to be reported in compliance with annex 3 to the plan, a mid-year update of the declaration of the elements listed in annex 3 to the plan, a mid-year update of the list of existing radioisotopes in Iraq as required under paragraph 22 (d) of the plan and a mid-year update of information on nuclear-energy-related sites and facilities as required under annex 2 to the plan.In addition, Iraqi officials provided a set of forms developed by the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) for the use of a computerized accounting and reporting system that indicated the condition, current location and use of all the elements listed in the declaration required under annex 3 to the plan.", "The IAEA is analysing the information provided by Iraqi representatives to determine whether it meets the requirements of the plan.The preliminary results of this analysis indicate that, although some progress has been made, the overall quality of documentation still leaves much to be desired in terms of completeness and accuracy.A detailed list of what is needed to ensure that the reports of the IAEC meet the requirements of the plan has been communicated to the Government of Iraq.The IAEC has been promised that greater efforts will be made to address the shortcomings and to improve documentation in terms of their completeness and accuracy.During the technical talks in Baghdad, the IAEA group was informed by the IAEC that the additional information required under annex 2 of the plan was being prepared and would be transmitted to the IAEA twenty-second inspection group.", "II.RADIOMETRIC HYDROLOGIC PACKAGE LEAFLET", "As indicated in the most recent implementation report, part of the long-term monitoring activities in Iraq includes regular radiometric exploration of the main water masses in Iraq.Prospecting serves as a measure for the timely discovery of undeclared nuclear activities and for the establishment of a baseline for longer-term monitoring.This requires the collection of surface water, sediments and biota samples.During the 19th inspection, samples of this nature were collected in 15 sites along the Tigris and Euphrates watersheds.The next sampling campaign is scheduled for early November 1993, in connection with the twenty-second IAEA inspection mission.", "III.PERIODIC INSPECTION ACTIVITIES", "Since the last implementation report, IAEA has conducted three inspection missions, during which it has conducted two unannounced inspections of newly designated sites, as well as several monitoring inspections at sites previously visited.One of these", "it was held at a site suspected of being used to disperse equipment near Al Nida (formerly Al Rabiyah), where several machines were found, including one with IAEA seal from Al Nida.", "IV.NUCLEAR MATERIAL BALANCE", "As indicated above, during the high-level technical talks, the Iraqi authorities provided additional information on nuclear material, in particular with regard to irradiated uranium and imported natural uranium oxide, and on the existence in Iraq of a small amount of heavy water.", "A complete inventory of all nuclear material stocks, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium compounds, in Iraq is a prerequisite for a realistic implementation of the plan, as it should serve as a starting point for the accounting of nuclear material.Any future changes in stocks will require a detailed explanation, a verification and must be carefully documented.", "The last report mentioned significant discrepancies between Iraqi declarations on nuclear material and the results of IAEA sample analysis, which raised serious doubts about the completeness of the current nuclear material inventory in Iraq.During the high-level technical talks in New York, the Iraqi authorities provided some clarification.If verified, these clarifications could explain such discrepancies.Such verification shall require additional sampling and analysis.", "V.EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL", "During the 18th inspection (3-11 March 1993), 242 computer-based numerical control tools (CNC) were first found during an inspection of the workshops of the Al Hatteen State Establishment.None of the machines had previously been included in the Iraqi declaration concerning the elements listed in annex 3 to the plan.The Iraqi authorities claimed that the machine tools had not been included in the list as they did not meet the specifications of Annex 3.The IAEA is currently verifying whether this claim is correct through consultations with manufacturers.In the IAEA inventory of CNC tools found in Iraq (more than 1,000 machines), 148 were found to be Matrix Churchill tools.During the 19th inspection, the team ensured that 144 of the 148 NCC Matrix Churchill machine tools did not meet the specifications of Annex 3, but that the remaining four required further evaluation.", "During the twentieth IAEA inspection in Iraq, 50 additional CNC Matrix Churchill machine tools were found at the Nahrawan ammunition factory, following information provided by a Member State.The Iraqi authorities again stated that this group of CNC tools did not meet the specifications of Annex 3.This statement is being verified by machine-tool experts.", "The IAEA has indications that the whereabouts of a significant number of CNC Matrix Churchill machines exported to Iraq are still unknown and further efforts will be made to clarify this matter.", "At the Al Qa Qaa site, 255 tons of cyclotetraethylentetranitramine (HMX) detonating explosive are stored with IAEA seal in six casamates.As a typical dual-use material, HMX is listed in annex 3 to the plan.The current storage conditions of the HMX in Al Qa Qaa present a lack of surveillance and cause certain security fears.The IAEA has called on Iraqis to consolidate the HMX in a safer and more convenient place to facilitate sealing and regular monitoring.The twentieth IAEA inspection group assessed two large casamatas in the Muthanna complex that Iraq had proposed as another possible storage site.With small changes to improve safety, these casamatas are a significant improvement over the current storage conditions in Al Qa Qaa.The transfer of the HMX is expected during the 22 IAEA inspection.", "VI.INFORMATION RELATING TO ACQUISITIONS", "A clear understanding of Iraq & apos; s procurement and the sources of technical advice for the nuclear programme has been a primary objective since the start of the inspections in Iraq pursuant to resolution 687 (1991).During the eighteenth IAEA inspection, following a well-established pattern during the previous inspections, the Iraqi side was asked a wide range of questions concerning Iraq's procurement.The response often given by the Iraqi side was that, following the destruction of the archives during and after the Gulf War, it had no way of meeting such a general request and, in addition, it considered that most of the requested information was already in the possession of IAEA.While it is true that, thanks to inspection data collected in Iraq, investigations by Governments of Member States and interviews with staff of certain companies, a detailed picture of most of the programme is available, and that many of the facade organizations and procurement agents are also known, uncertainties remain as to the completeness of the information.", "Several important questions have been raised on several occasions to the Iraqi side, of which no replies have yet been received.In December 1992, these questions were raised in response to an offer from the President of the IAEC to respond positively to certain questions.These questions were again raised during the first series of high-level technical talks in New York, as follows:", "(a) What are the identities of individuals or companies outside Iraq who provided technical and design information for the Iraqi magnetic centrifuge?", "(b) Who were the manufacturers, suppliers, agents and transmitters of low carbon grade 360 nickel steel?Please distinguish between the origin of low-carbon nickel steel used in the manufacture of centrifugal components outside Iraq and the low-carbon nickel steel stocks shown in Iraq (the Iraqi side expressed regret that, while it could identify the supplier, it was not aware of who made low-carbon nickel steel);", "(c) Who provided the carbon fibre rotor tubes and how the technical specifications were communicated to the manufacturer?", "(d)Describe the activities of H & H Company with respect to Iraq's centrifugal enrichment programme;", "(e)It identifies the manufacturer and describes the procedure for the acquisition of the HMX explosive, which Iraq stated was intended for conventional armaments.", "At the end of the second series of high-level technical talks held in Baghdad in October 1993, the Iraqi authorities provided information on the five subjects indicated in the previous paragraph.The correction and completeness of this information is currently being verified.A preliminary assessment indicates that, while procurement issues (e.g. the source of supplies and agents) have been reasonably addressed, the degree of external advice on the centrifugal uranium enrichment programme and the information provided in this regard has been notoriously underestimated to explain the progress made by Iraqi scientists and engineers in the manufacture of viable centrifugal prototypes.This matter will continue to be dealt with during the November inspection.", "VII.REMOTION OF THE NUCLEAR IRRADIED COMBUSTIBLE UNIT", "Since the last implementation report, IAEA has been able to conclude a contract with the International Relations Committee of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy (CIR Minatom) for the removal, processing and sale or storage of highly enriched uranium still in Iraq, in IAEA custody, in the form of irradiated nuclear fuel units of Iraq's research reactors.By the end of October, all complex technical preparations for the withdrawal of fuel had been completed.The first of the two shipments to the Russian Federation is currently scheduled for December 1993.", "VIII.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS", "Some progress has been made in the last three IAEA inspection missions in Iraq and during the two series of high-level technical talks in New York and Baghdad, in clarifying issues related to problems that are still unresolved.The focus is now on ending the technical basis for the effective implementation of the plan for ongoing monitoring and verification as provided for in resolution 715 (1991).", "The remaining problems are compounded by the continued refusal of the Government of Iraq to formally recognize its obligations under United Nations Security Council resolutions 707 (1991) and 715 (1991).As long as Iraq does not desist from its refusal, it will not have met the requirement of section C, paragraph 12, of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) to accept the plan prepared by the Agency and approved by the Security Council.", "-----" 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"
"/m3UMRJWWIjpfxc+Ffa7/zwGqCOP1LOho7n/0c4YxS4="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire. Distr.", "GENERALE", "S/26685", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. NOTE DU SECRETAIRE GENERAL", "Le Secrétaire général a l'honneur de transmettre aux membres du Conseil de sécurité la communication ci‑jointe qu'il a reçue du Directeur général par intérim de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique (AIEA).", "ANNEXE", "Lettre datée du 29 octobre 1993, adressée au Secrétaire général", "par le Directeur général par intérim de l'Agence internationale", "de l'énergie atomique", "Au paragraphe 8 de sa résolution 715 (1991), du 11 octobre 1991, le Conseil de sécurité a prié le Directeur général de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique de lui présenter des rapports sur l'exécution du plan de l'Agence touchant le contrôle et la vérification continus du respect par l'Iraq des dispositions du paragraphe 12 de la résolution 687 (1991), du 3 avril 1991. Les rapports susvisés doivent être présentés lorsque le Conseil en fait la demande et, en tout état de cause, au moins tous les six mois après l'adoption de la résolution 715 (1991).", "En conséquence, je vous serais obligé de bien vouloir transmettre au Président du Conseil de sécurité le quatrième rapport semestriel sur l'exécution du plan. Le Directeur général se tient à votre disposition et à celle du Conseil pour toute consultation.", "Le Directeur général par intérim", "(Signé) David WALLER", "PIECE JOINTE", "Quatrième rapport du Directeur général de l'Agence internationale", "de l'énergie atomique sur l'exécution du plan de l'Agence touchant", "le contrôle et la vérification continus du respect par l'Iraq des", "dispositions du paragraphe 12 de la résolution 687 (1991)", "1. Le 11 octobre 1991, le Conseil de sécurité a adopté la résolution 715 (1991) approuvant notamment le plan de contrôle et de vérification continus du respect par l'Iraq des dispositions du paragraphe 12 de la partie C de la résolution 687 (1991) du Conseil de sécurité et des dispositions des paragraphes 3 et 5 de la résolution 707 (1991), présenté par le Directeur général de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique sous la cote S/22872/Rev.1 et Corr.1. Au paragraphe 8 de la résolution 715 (1991), le Conseil de sécurité a prié le Directeur général de l'AIEA de lui présenter des rapports sur l'exécution du plan lorsqu'il lui en ferait la demande et, en tout état de cause, au moins tous les six mois après l'adoption de ladite résolution. Les trois premiers rapports semestriels présentés par le Directeur général ont été publiés le 15 avril 1992 (S/23813), le 28 octobre 1992 (S/24722) et le 19 avril 1993 (S/25621), respectivement.", "2. En conséquence, le Directeur général présente ci‑après le quatrième rapport semestriel sur l'exécution du plan de contrôle et de vérification continus des capacités nucléaires de l'Iraq (ci‑après dénommé \"le plan\").", "3. Depuis le précédent rapport, présenté le 19 avril 1993, l'AIEA a dépêché en Iraq trois missions d'inspection : les dix-neuvième (30 avril-7 mai 1993), vingtième (25‑30 juin 1993), et vingt et unième (24‑27 juillet 1993) missions. On trouvera les rapports sur les résultats de ces missions sous les cotes S/25982 et S/26333. La vingt‑deuxième mission d'inspection est actuellement prévue pour le début novembre 1993.", "4. Au cours de la période considérée, des entretiens techniques de haut niveau ont eu lieu à New York (31 août-9 septembre 1993) entre les délégations de la Commission spéciale des Nations Unies et l'AIEA d'une part et une délégation iraquienne de l'autre. Des rapports complets sur ces deux séries de négociations ont été distribués au Conseil de sécurité sous les cotes S/26451, S/26571 et S/26584.", "5. Ces entretiens, tenus comme suite à un voyage que le Président exécutif de la Commission spéciale a effectué en Iraq en juillet 1993 (voir S/26127), devaient porter sur la nature et l'application des dispositions des plans de contrôle et de vérification continus telles qu'elles ont été approuvées par le Conseil de sécurité dans sa résolution 715 (1993), ainsi que sur toutes les autres questions restant à régler entre l'Iraq, la Commission et l'AIEA, en vue de les résoudre.", "6. On trouvera dans le présent rapport, sous les rubriques pertinentes, le résumé des progrès réalisés et des obstacles rencontrés au cours des entretiens techniques.", "I. DECLARATIONS DEMANDEES DANS LE PLAN", "7. Au cours des entretiens techniques de haut niveau à New York et à Bagdad, les représentants de l'Iraq ont remis, entre autres, des déclarations concernant d'autres matières (notamment l'uranium épuisé et l'eau lourde) devant faire l'objet de rapports au titre de l'annexe 3 du plan, une mise à jour semestrielle de la déclaration de produits dont la liste figure à l'annexe 3 du plan, une mise à jour semestrielle de la liste de radio-isotopes en Iraq exigée au titre du paragraphe 22 d) du plan, et une mise à jour semestrielle de l'information sur les sites et installations de caractère nucléaire requise en vertu de l'annexe 2 du plan. En outre, les fonctionnaires iraquiens ont remis un ensemble de formulaires élaborés par la Commission iraquienne de l'énergie atomique (CIEA) pour appliquer un système informatisé de contrôle comptable et de présentation de rapports montrant l'état, l'emplacement actuel et l'utilisation de tous les articles énumérés dans la déclaration requise au titre de l'annexe 3 du plan.", "8. L'AIEA analyse actuellement l'information donnée par les représentants de l'Iraq pour déterminer si elle répond bien aux spécifications du plan. Les premiers résultats de cette analyse montrent que, si l'on a fait quelques progrès, la qualité générale de la documentation laisse encore fort à désirer du point de vue de l'exhaustivité et de l'exactitude. Une liste détaillée des éléments nécessaires pour amener les rapports présentés par la CIEA en vertu du plan au niveau requis a été communiquée au Gouvernement iraquien. On a obtenu de la CIEA la promesse qu'un nouvel effort serait fait pour rectifier les manquements et rendre la documentation plus complète et plus exacte. Au cours des entretiens techniques à Bagdad, la CIEA a informé l'équipe de l'AIEA que les informations supplémentaires requises aux termes de l'annexe 2 du plan étaient en cours de préparation et seraient remises à la vingt‑deuxième équipe d'inspection de l'Agence.", "II. LEVE RADIOMETRIQUE DES EAUX DE SURFACE", "9. Comme il est indiqué dans le dernier rapport sur l'exécution du plan, l'exercice de contrôle à long terme en Iraq comprend notamment un levé radiométrique périodique des principales étendues d'eau du pays, le but étant de détecter les installations nucléaires non déclarées et d'établir une base pour le programme de contrôle continu. Il faut pour cela prélever des échantillons des eaux de surface, des sédiments et des biotes. Au cours de la dix-neuvième inspection, ces échantillons ont été prélevés en 15 endroits le long des bassins du Tigre et de l'Euphrate. La prochaine campagne de prélèvement est prévue pour le début novembre 1993, dans le cadre de la vingt‑deuxième mission d'inspection de l'AIEA.", "III. ACTIVITES D'INSPECTION PERIODIQUE", "10. Depuis le dernier rapport, l'AIEA a mené trois missions d'inspection, au cours desquelles elle a procédé à deux inspections sans préavis de sites nouvellement désignés, ainsi qu'à un certain nombre d'inspections de contrôle de sites précédemment visités. L'une de ces visites a été effectuée dans un site qu'on soupçonne être de dispersion de matériel près d'Al Nida (autrefois Al Rabiyah), où se trouvaient un certain nombre de machines, dont une provenant d'Al Nida et se trouvant sous scellés de l'AIEA.", "IV. BILAN DES MATIERES NUCLEAIRES", "11. Comme il est indiqué plus haut, au cours des entretiens techniques de haut niveau les autorités iraquiennes ont communiqué des informations supplémentaires sur les matières nucléaires, en particulier touchant l'uranium épuisé et l'oxyde d'uranium naturel importé, et l'existence en Iraq d'une petite quantité d'eau lourde.", "12. La présentation d'un inventaire complet de tous les stocks de matières nucléaires, comme l'uranium, le thorium et les composés de plutonium existant en Iraq est une condition préalable essentielle à toute exécution du plan digne de ce nom, car on en a besoin comme point de départ de la comptabilisation des matières nucléaires. Pour toute variation future de l'inventaire, il faudra présenter une explication détaillée, qui devra être solidement documentée et sera soumise à vérification.", "13. De grandes disparités entre les déclarations de l'Iraq concernant les matières nucléaires et les résultats des analyses d'échantillons effectuées par l'AIEA ont été relevées dans le dernier rapport, ce qui soulève de sérieuses questions sur la complétude de l'actuel inventaire de matières nucléaires en Iraq. Au cours des entretiens techniques de New York, les autorités iraquiennes ont fourni quelques précisions. Si elles se vérifient, ces précisions pourraient expliquer les disparités susmentionnées. Pour ce faire, il faudra procéder à de nouvelles opérations d'échantillonnage et d'analyse.", "V. EQUIPEMENTS ET MATIERES", "14. Au cours de la dix‑huitième inspection (3‑11 mars 1993), une inspection des ateliers de l'établissement d'Etat Al Hatteen a permis de voir pour la première fois 242 machines‑outils à commande numérique par ordinateur. L'Iraq n'avait mentionné aucune de ces machines dans sa déclaration concernant les articles figurant à l'annexe 3 au plan. Selon les autorités iraquiennes, c'était parce qu'elles ne répondaient pas aux spécifications de l'annexe 3. L'AIEA est en train de vérifier, auprès des fabricants, l'exactitude de cette affirmation. Dans l'inventaire établi par l'AIEA des machines‑outils à commande numérique par ordinateur trouvées en Iraq (plus de 1 000 articles), 148 ont été identifiées comme des Matrix Churchill. Pendant la dix‑neuvième inspection, l'équipe a déterminé que 144 de ces 148 machines ne répondaient pas aux spécifications de l'annexe 3 mais que les quatre autres devaient être évaluées plus avant.", "15. Pendant la vingtième inspection de l'AIEA, 50 autres machines‑outils Matrix Churchill à commande numérique par ordinateur ont été trouvées à l'usine de munitions de Nahrawan, sur renseignements communiqués par un Etat Membre. Là encore, les autorités iraquiennes ont déclaré que ces machines ne répondaient pas aux spécifications de l'annexe 3, ce que des spécialistes des machines‑outils sont en train de vérifier.", "16. Certaines indications donnent à penser que beaucoup des machines‑outils Matrix Churchill à commande numérique par ordinateur exportées en Iraq n'ont pas encore été identifiées et cette question sera examinée plus avant.", "17. Deux cent cinquante‑cinq tonnes d'explosif brisant du type HMX sont entreposées sous scellés de l'AIEA dans six bunkers au site Al Qa Qaa. Etant l'exemple même des matières à double usage, le HMX est inscrit à l'annexe 3 au plan. Les conditions actuelles d'entreposage du HMX à Al Qa Qaa ne se prêtent guère au contrôle et la sécurité est aussi un sujet de préoccupation. L'AIEA a demandé à la partie iraquienne de regrouper le HMX dans un endroit plus sûr et plus commode, ce qui faciliterait la mise sous scellés et les contrôles périodiques. L'équipe AIEA‑20 a évalué deux gros bunkers de l'ensemble de Muthanna, que l'Iraq avait proposé comme autre emplacement possible pour l'entreposage. Avec des modifications mineures sur le plan de la sécurité, ces bunkers représentent une nette amélioration par rapport aux conditions actuelles à Al Qa Qaa. Il est prévu de transférer le HMX pendant la vingt‑deuxième inspection de l'AIEA.", "VI. INFORMATIONS RELATIVES AUX ACHATS", "18. Depuis le début des inspections effectuées en Iraq conformément à la résolution 687 (1991), un des objectifs principaux était de bien comprendre la procédure d'achat de l'Iraq ainsi que les sources de conseils techniques pour le programme nucléaire. Pendant la dix‑huitième inspection, selon une procédure bien établie au cours des inspections antérieures, on a posé à la partie iraquienne toute une série de questions ayant trait aux achats. Bien souvent, la réponse de la partie iraquienne était que, des dossiers ayant été détruits pendant et après la guerre du Golfe, elle n'était pas en mesure de répondre à une question aussi vaste et que, de plus, elle considérait que la plupart des renseignements demandés étaient déjà entre les mains de l'AIEA. S'il est vrai que les données d'inspection recueillies en Iraq, les enquêtes menées par les gouvernements d'Etats Membres et les entretiens avec le personnel de différentes sociétés ont permis d'identifier la majeure partie du programme et de connaître beaucoup des organisations de façade et des agents chargés des achats, il n'est pas certain que ces renseignements soient complets.", "19. Plusieurs questions importantes, qui n'ont pas encore reçu de réponses, ont été posées à plusieurs occasions à la partie iraquienne. Elles ont été posées en décembre 1992 parce que le Président de la CIEA avait offert de répondre de façon constructive à certaines questions. Elles ont de nouveau été posées, dans les termes suivants, pendant la première série des entretiens techniques de haut niveau à New York :", "a) Quelle est l'identité des individus et des sociétés à l'extérieur de l'Iraq qui ont fourni des renseignements concernant les aspects techniques et la conception de la centrifugeuse iraquienne à palier magnétique?", "b) Qui sont les fabricants, fournisseurs, agents et transporteurs de l'acier maraging 360 degrés? Veuillez indiquer la source d'une part de l'acier maraging utilisé pour la fabrication de composantes de centrifugeuse en dehors de l'Iraq, d'autre part de la réserve d'acier maraging qui se trouve en Iraq (la partie iraquienne a fait savoir que, si elle pouvait identifier le fournisseur, elle ne connaissait pas le fabricant de l'acier maraging);", "c) Qui a fourni les tubes rotors en fibre de carbone et comment les spécifications techniques ont‑elles été communiquées au fabricant?", "d) Veuillez décrire les activités menées par la société H & H dans le cadre du programme iraquien d'enrichissement par centrifugation;", "e) Qui est le fabricant et quelle est la procédure d'achat pour l'explosif HMX, déclaré par l'Iraq comme étant destiné à des armes classiques.", "20. A la fin de la deuxième série d'entretiens techniques de haut niveau, tenus à Bagdad en octobre 1993, les autorités iraquiennes ont fourni des renseignements concernant les cinq questions soulevées dans le paragraphe précédent. On est en train de vérifier si ces renseignements sont exacts et complets. Selon une évaluation préliminaire, si les réponses sont raisonnablement satisfaisantes pour les questions relatives aux achats (par exemple les sources des fournitures et les négociants), elles sont extrêmement discrètes sur l'ampleur des avis techniques concernant le programme d'enrichissement de l'uranium par centrifugation obtenus de l'étranger et les renseignements fournis ne suffisent pas à expliquer les progrès faits par les scientifiques et les ingénieurs iraquiens dans la construction de prototypes qui marchent. Cette question sera examinée plus avant pendant l'inspection de novembre.", "VII. ENLEVEMENT DES ASSEMBLAGES DE COMBUSTIBLE IRRADIE", "21. Depuis le dernier rapport sur l'application du plan, l'AIEA a pu passer un contrat avec le Comité des relations extérieures au Ministère de l'énergie atomique en Fédération de Russie pour l'enlèvement, le traitement et la vente ou l'entreposage de l'uranium hautement enrichi qui se trouve encore en Iraq, sous la garde de l'AIEA les assemblages de combustible irradié des réacteurs de recherche iraquiens. Toutes les préparations techniques complexes pour l'enlèvement du combustible étaient terminées à la fin du mois d'octobre. Il est actuellement prévu de transporter les deux premiers chargements en Fédération de Russie en décembre 1993.", "VIII. RESUME ET CONCLUSIONS", "22. Quelques progrès ont pu être réalisés au cours des trois dernières missions d'inspection de l'AIEA en Iraq et au cours des deux séries d'entretiens techniques de haut niveau, à New York et à Bagdad, s'agissant de préciser certaines questions se rapportant aux problèmes encore en suspens. Maintenant, on s'attache surtout à mettre au point la base technique sur laquelle le programme de contrôle et de vérification continus pourra être exécuté efficacement, conformément à la résolution 715 (1991).", "23. Les problèmes restants sont d'autant plus complexes que le Gouvernement iraquien continue de refuser de reconnaître officiellement ses obligations découlant des résolutions 707 (1991) et 715 (1991) du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies. Tant qu'il n'aura pas renoncé à cette position, il ne se sera pas conformé aux dispositions du paragraphe 12 de la section C de la résolution 687 (1991) du Conseil de sécurité, stipulant qu'il doit accepter le plan élaboré par l'Agence et approuvé par le Conseil de sécurité.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26685", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "NOTA DEL SECRETARIO GENERAL", "El Secretario General tiene el honor de transmitir a los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad la comunicación adjunta que ha recibido del Director General interino del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica (OIEA).", "ANEXO", "Carta de fecha 29 de octubre de 1993 dirigida al Secretario", "General por el Director General interino del Organismo", "Internacional de Energía Atómica", "En el párrafo 8 de su resolución 715 (1991), aprobada el 11 de octubre de 1991, el Consejo de Seguridad pidió al Director General del OIEA que presentara al Consejo informes sobre la aplicación del plan del Organismo para la vigilancia y la verificación permanentes en el futuro del cumplimiento por el Iraq de lo dispuesto en el párrafo 12 de la resolución 687 (1991), de 3 de abril de 1991. Esos informes han de presentarse cuando lo solicite el Consejo y, en cualquier caso, cada seis meses por lo menos a partir de la aprobación de la resolución 715 (1991).", "En consecuencia, le solicito que se sirva transmitir al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad el cuarto informe semestral adjunto sobre la aplicación del plan. El Director General quedará a su disposición para cualquier consulta que usted o el Consejo tengan a bien hacer.", "(Firmado) David WALLER", "Director General interino", "APENDICE", "Cuarto informe del Director General del Organismo Internacional", "de Energía Atómica sobre la aplicación del plan del Organismo", "para la vigilancia y la verificación permanentes en el futuro", "del cumplimiento por el Iraq de lo dispuesto en el párrafo 12", "de la resolución 687 (1991)", "El 11 de octubre de 1991, el Consejo de Seguridad aprobó su resolución 715 (1991), en la que, entre otras cosas, aprobó el plan presentado en el documento S/22872/Rev.1 y Corr.1 por el Director General del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica para la vigilancia y la verificación permanentes en el futuro del cumplimiento por el Iraq de lo dispuesto en el párrafo 12 de la parte C de la resolución 687 (1991) del Consejo de Seguridad y de los requisitos de los párrafos 3 y 5 de la resolución 707 (1991). En el párrafo 8 de la resolución 715 (1991), el Consejo de Seguridad pidió al Director General del OIEA que le presentara informes sobre la aplicación del plan cuando lo solicitara el Consejo de Seguridad y, en cualquier caso, cada seis meses por lo menos a partir de la aprobación de la resolución 715 (1991). Los tres primeros informes presentados por el Director General se distribuyeron el 15 de abril de 1992 (S/23813), el 28 de octubre de 1992, (S/24722) y el 19 de abril de 1993 (S/25621), respectivamente.", "El Director General presenta aquí el cuarto informe semestral sobre la aplicación del plan para la vigilancia y la verificación permanentes en el futuro de la capacidad nuclear del Iraq (denominado en adelante \"el plan\").", "Desde que se presentó el último informe el 19 de abril de 1993, el OIEA ha llevado a cabo tres misiones de inspección en el Iraq, la 19ª (30 de abril a 7 de mayo de 1993), la 20ª (25 a 30 de junio de 1993) y la 21ª (24 a 27 de julio de 1993). Figuran informes detallados sobre los resultados de estas inspecciones en los documentos S/25982 y S/26333. Actualmente está previsto que la 22ª misión de inspección se lleve a cabo a principios de noviembre de 1993.", "Durante el período en examen se celebraron conversaciones técnicas de alto nivel en Nueva York (31 de agosto a 9 de septiembre de 1993) y en Bagdad (1º a 9 de octubre de 1993) entre delegaciones de la Comisión Especial de las Naciones Unidas y el OIEA, por una parte, y, por otra, una delegación del Iraq. Se distribuyeron informes amplios sobre estas dos series de conversaciones como documentos del Consejo de Seguridad S/26451, S/26571 y S/26584.", "Estas conversaciones, que se gestaron a raíz de una visita al Iraq del Presidente Ejecutivo de la Comisión Especial en julio de 1993 (véase el documento S/26127), tenían por objeto tratar la índole y la aplicación de las disposiciones de los planes para la vigilancia y la verificación permanentes aprobados por la resolución 715 (1991) del Consejo de Seguridad, así como todas las demás cuestiones pendientes entre el Iraq, la Comisión y el OIEA, con miras a resolver dichas cuestiones.", "En las secciones correspondientes del presente informe se resumen los adelantos y los tropiezos evidenciados durante las conversaciones técnicas.", "I. DECLARACION DE ELEMENTOS INCLUIDOS EN EL PLAN", "Durante las conversaciones de alto nivel celebradas en Nueva York y Bagdad los representantes iraquíes entregaron, entre otras cosas, declaraciones sobre material adicional (inclusive uranio irradiado y agua pesada) que debía comunicarse en cumplimiento del anexo 3 del plan, una actualización de mitad de año de la declaración de los elementos enumerados en el anexo 3 del plan, una actualización de mitad de año de la lista de radioisótopos existentes en el Iraq según se exigía en cumplimiento del párrafo 22 d) del plan y una actualización de mitad de año de la información sobre sitios e instalaciones relacionados con la energía nuclear según lo exigido en virtud del anexo 2 del plan. Además, los funcionarios iraquíes facilitaron un conjunto de formularios elaborados por la Comisión Iraquí de Energía Atómica (IAEC) para la utilización de un sistema computadorizado de contabilidad y presentación de informes en el que se indicaban la condición, la ubicación actual y la utilización de todos los elementos enumerados en la declaración exigida con arreglo al anexo 3 del plan.", "El OIEA está analizando la información facilitada por los representantes iraquíes para determinar si llena los requisitos del plan. Los resultados preliminares de este análisis indican que, aunque se han logrado ciertos avances, la calidad general de la documentación aún deja mucho que desear en cuanto a la exhaustividad y exactitud. Se ha comunicado al Gobierno del Iraq una lista pormenorizada de lo que hace falta para que los informes de la IAEC estén a la altura de los requisitos del plan. Se han conseguido promesas de la IAEC de que se realizarán mayores esfuerzos para subsanar las deficiencias y para mejorar la documentación en lo referente a su exhaustividad y exactitud. Durante las conversaciones técnicas en Bagdad la IAEC informó al grupo del OIEA de que se estaba preparando la información adicional exigida con arreglo al anexo 2 del plan y que se transmitiría al 22º grupo de inspección del OIEA.", "II. PROSPECCION HIDROLOGICA RADIOMETRICA", "Como se indica en el más reciente informe sobre la ejecución del plan, parte de las actividades de vigilancia a largo plazo en el Iraq comprende la prospección radiométrica periódica de las principales masas de agua en el Iraq. La prospección sirve de medida para el descubrimiento oportuno de actividades nucleares no declaradas y para el establecimiento de una base de datos de referencia para la vigilancia a más largo plazo. Esto exige reunir muestras de agua superficial, sedimentos y biota. Durante la 19ª inspección se recogieron muestras de dicha índole en 15 sitios a lo largo de las cuencas hidrográficas del Tigris y el Eufrates. Se tiene previsto realizar la próxima campaña de muestreo para principios de noviembre de 1993, en relación con la 22ª misión de inspección del OIEA.", "III. ACTIVIDADES DE INSPECCION PERIODICA", "Desde el último informe sobre la ejecución del plan, el OIEA ha llevado a cabo tres misiones de inspección, durante las cuales ha realizado dos inspecciones sin aviso previo de sitios recién designados, así como varias inspecciones de vigilancia en sitios visitados anteriormente. Una de éstas se", "realizó en un sitio sospechoso de utilizarse para dispersar equipo cerca de Al Nida (antes Al Rabiyah), donde se encontraron varias máquinas, incluida una con sello del OIEA proveniente de Al Nida.", "IV. BALANCE DEL MATERIAL NUCLEAR", "Como se indicó anteriormente, durante las conversaciones técnicas de alto nivel las autoridades iraquíes facilitaron información adicional sobre material nuclear, en particular en lo que se refiere a uranio irradiado y óxido de uranio natural importado, y sobre la existencia en el Iraq de una pequeña cantidad de agua pesada.", "Un inventario completo de todas las existencias de material nuclear, como compuestos de uranio, torio y plutonio, existentes en el Iraq es requisito previo para una ejecución realista del plan, ya que debe servir de punto de partida para la contabilidad de material nuclear. Toda variación futura en las existencias exigirá una explicación detallada, supondrá realizar una verificación y deberá documentarse minuciosamente.", "En el último informe se mencionaron discrepancias importantes entre las declaraciones iraquíes relativas al material nuclear y los resultados de los análisis de muestras obtenidas por el OIEA, lo que planteaba graves dudas acerca de la exhaustividad del actual inventario de materiales nucleares en el Iraq. Durante las conversaciones técnicas de alto nivel en Nueva York las autoridades iraquíes presentaron ciertas aclaraciones. Si se verifican, estas aclaraciones podrían explicar dichas discrepancias. Dicha verificación exigirá toma de muestras y análisis adicionales.", "V. EQUIPO Y MATERIAL", "Durante la 18ª inspección (3 a 11 de marzo de 1993), se encontraron por primera vez 242 máquinas herramientas de control numérico por computadora (CNC) durante una inspección de los talleres del Establecimiento Estatal de Al Hatteen. Ninguna de las máquinas se había incluido anteriormente en la declaración iraquí relativa a los elementos enumerados en el anexo 3 del plan. Las autoridades iraquíes aseveraron que las máquinas herramientas no se habían incluido en la lista ya que no satisfacían las especificaciones del anexo 3. El OIEA está verificando actualmente si esta afirmación es correcta mediante consultas con los fabricantes. En el inventario levantado por el OIEA de máquinas herramientas de CNC encontradas en el Iraq (más de 1.000 máquinas), se determinó que 148 eran máquinas herramientas Matrix Churchill. Durante la 19ª inspección, el equipo se cercioró de que 144 de las 148 máquinas herramientas de CNC Matrix Churchill no cumplían las especificaciones del anexo 3, pero que las cuatro restantes exigían una evaluación más a fondo.", "Durante la 20ª inspección del OIEA en el Iraq se encontraron otras 50 máquinas herramientas de CNC Matrix Churchill en la fábrica de municiones de Nahrawan, luego de recibir información facilitada por un Estado Miembro. Nuevamente las autoridades iraquíes declararon que este grupo de máquinas herramientas de CNC no satisfacía las especificaciones del anexo 3. Esta declaración la están verificando expertos en máquinas herramientas.", "El OIEA tiene indicaciones que dan a entender que aún se desconoce el paradero de un número considerable de máquinas de CNC Matrix Churchill exportadas al Iraq y se seguirá tratando de aclarar este asunto.", "En el sitio de Al Qa Qaa hay almacenadas 255 toneladas de explosivo detonante del tipo ciclotetrametilentetranitramina (HMX) con sello del OIEA en seis casamatas. Como típico material de doble uso, el HMX figura en el anexo 3 del plan. Las actuales condiciones de almacenamiento del HMX en Al Qa Qaa presentan inconvenientes para la vigilancia y ocasionan ciertos temores por la seguridad. El OIEA ha pedido a los iraquíes que consoliden el HMX en un lugar más seguro y conveniente para facilitar el precintado y la vigilancia periódica. El 20º grupo de inspección del OIEA evaluó dos grandes casamatas en el complejo de Muthanna que el Iraq había propuesto como otro sitio posible para el almacenamiento. Con pequeñas modificaciones para mejorar la seguridad, estas casamatas constituyen una considerable mejora respecto de las actuales condiciones de almacenamiento en Al Qa Qaa. Se prevé que el traslado del HMX se realice durante la 22ª inspección del OIEA.", "VI. INFORMACION RELACIONADA CON LAS ADQUISICIONES", "Una comprensión clara de las adquisiciones del Iraq y de las fuentes de asesoramiento técnico para el programa nuclear ha sido un objetivo primordial desde el comienzo de las inspecciones en el Iraq con arreglo a la resolución 687 (1991). Durante la 18ª inspección del OIEA, ciñéndose a una pauta bien establecida durante las inspecciones anteriores, se planteó a la parte iraquí una amplia variedad de preguntas relativas a las adquisiciones del Iraq. La respuesta que a menudo daba la parte iraquí era que, a raíz de la destrucción de los archivos durante la guerra del Golfo y luego de ésta, no tenía forma de atender una solicitud tan general y, además, estimaba que la mayor parte de la información solicitada ya obraba en poder del OIEA. Si bien es verdad que, gracias a los datos de inspección reunidos en el Iraq, investigaciones realizadas por gobiernos de Estados Miembros y entrevistas con el personal de determinadas empresas, se tiene un cuadro detallado de la mayor parte del programa, y que también se conocen muchas de las organizaciones de fachada y los agentes de compras, aún persisten incertidumbres en cuanto a la exhaustividad de la información.", "En varias ocasiones se han planteado varias preguntas importantes a la parte iraquí, de las cuales aún no se han recibido repuestas. En diciembre de 1992, estas preguntas se plantearon en respuesta a una oferta del Presidente de la IAEC de atender positivamente determinadas preguntas. Estas preguntas se volvieron a plantear durante la primera serie de conversaciones técnicas de alto nivel en Nueva York, como se indica a continuación:", "a) ¿Cuáles son las identidades de las personas o las empresas de fuera del Iraq que suministraron información técnica y de diseño para la centrífuga magnética iraquí?", "b) ¿Quiénes eran los fabricantes, proveedores, agentes y expedidores del acero al níquel de bajo contenido de carbono de grado 360? Sírvase distinguir entre la proveniencia del acero al níquel de bajo contenido de carbono utilizado en la fabricación de componentes de centrífugas fuera del Iraq y las existencias de acero al níquel de bajo contenido de carbono mostradas en el Iraq (la parte iraquí expresó pesar porque, si bien podía individualizar al proveedor, no tenía conocimiento de quién fabricase el acero al níquel de bajo contenido de carbono);", "c) ¿Quién suministró los tubos de rotor de fibra de carbono y cómo se comunicaron las especificaciones técnicas al fabricante?", "d) Descríbanse las actividades realizadas por la H & H Company con respecto al programa de enriquecimiento centrífugo del Iraq;", "e) Individualice al fabricante y describa el procedimiento de adquisición del explosivo HMX que, según lo declaró el Iraq, estaba destinado a armamentos convencionales.", "Al final de la segunda serie de conversaciones técnicas de alto nivel celebrada en Bagdad en octubre de 1993, las autoridades iraquíes facilitaron información relativa a las cinco materias indicadas en el párrafo anterior. Actualmente se está verificando la corrección y exhaustividad de esta información. Una evaluación preliminar indica que, si bien las cuestiones de adquisición (por ejemplo, la procedencia de los suministros y los agentes) se han tratado razonablemente, se ha subestimado notoriamente el grado de asesoramiento externo relativo al programa de enriquecimiento centrífugo de uranio y la información proporcionada a este respecto no es suficiente para explicar los avances logrados por los científicos e ingenieros iraquíes en la fabricación de prototipos de centrífugas viables. Este asunto se seguirá tratando durante la inspección de noviembre.", "VII. REMOCION DE LAS UNIDADES DE COMBUSTIBLE NUCLEAR IRRADIADO", "Desde el último informe sobre la ejecución del plan, el OIEA consiguió concertar un contrato con el Comité de Relaciones Internacionales del Ministerio de Energía Atómica de la Federación de Rusia (CIR Minatom) con miras a la remoción, el procesamiento y la venta o el almacenamiento de uranio muy enriquecido que todavía queda en el Iraq, bajo custodia del OIEA, en forma de unidades de combustible nuclear irradiado de los reactores de investigación del Iraq. Para fines de octubre se habían terminado todos los complejos preparativos técnicos para la retirada del combustible. Se tiene previsto actualmente realizar el primero de los dos envíos a la Federación de Rusia en diciembre de 1993.", "VIII. RESUMEN Y CONCLUSIONES", "Se han logrado ciertos adelantos en las últimas tres misiones de inspección del OIEA en el Iraq y durante las dos series de conversaciones técnicas de alto nivel celebradas en Nueva York y Bagdad, en el esclarecimiento de cuestiones relacionadas con problemas que aún están insolutos. Las actividades se están centrando ahora en dar punto final a la base técnica para la ejecución eficaz del plan para la vigilancia y la verificación permanentes según lo previsto en la resolución 715 (1991).", "Los restantes problemas se ven agravados por la persistente negativa del Gobierno del Iraq a reconocer oficialmente sus obligaciones en virtud de las resoluciones 707 (1991) y 715 (1991) del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas. Mientras el Iraq no desista de su negativa, no habrá cumplido el requisito estipulado en el párrafo 12 de la sección C de la resolución 687 (1991) del Consejo de Seguridad de que acepte el plan preparado por el Organismo y aprobado por el Consejo de Seguridad.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary.Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26685", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.NOTE BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the Security Council the attached communication which he has received from the Acting Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).", "The President", "Letter dated 29 October 1993 from the Permanent Representative", "of the International Agency for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs", "Atomic Energy", "In paragraph 8 of its resolution 715 (1991) of 11 October 1991, the Security Council requested the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency to submit reports on the implementation of the Agency's plan for the ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991.The above-mentioned reports must be submitted when requested by the Council and, in any event, at least every six months after the adoption of resolution 715 (1991).", "Accordingly, I should be grateful if you would transmit to the President of the Security Council the fourth semi-annual report on the implementation of the plan.The Director-General shall be at your disposal and the Council's disposal for any consultation.", "Acting Director-General", "(Signed) David WALLER", "Joint Pierce", "Fourth report of the Director General of the International Agency for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs", "on the implementation of the Agency's plan for the", "the ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with the", "paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991)", "1.On 11 October 1991, the Security Council adopted resolution 715 (1991) approving, inter alia, the plan for the continued monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of part C of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) and paragraphs 3 and 5 of resolution 707 (1991), submitted by the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (see S/22872/Rev.1 and Corr.1).In paragraph 8 of resolution 715 (1991), the Security Council requested the Director General of IAEA to report to the Council on the implementation of the plan at its request and, in any event, at least every six months after the adoption of the resolution.The first three semi-annual reports submitted by the Director-General were issued on 15 April 1992 (S/23813), 28 October 1992 (S/24722) and 19 April 1993 (S/25621), respectively.", "2.Accordingly, the Director-General submits the fourth semi-annual report on the implementation of Iraq's plan for the ongoing monitoring and verification of its nuclear capabilities (hereinafter referred to as the \"Plan\").", "3.Since the previous report, submitted on 19 April 1993, IAEA has dispatched three inspection missions to Iraq: the nineteenth (30 April-7 May 1993), the twentieth (25-30 June 1993) and the twenty-first (24-27 July 1993).The performance reports of those missions are contained in documents S/25982 and S/26333.The twenty-second inspection mission is currently scheduled for early November 1993.", "4.During the reporting period, high-level technical discussions were held in New York (31 August-9 September 1993) between the delegations of the United Nations Special Commission and IAEA and one Iraqi delegation.Comprehensive reports on these two rounds of negotiations have been circulated to the Security Council under the symbol S/26451, S/26571 and S/26584.", "5.The discussions, which were held following a visit by the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission to Iraq in July 1993 (see S/26127), were to address the nature and implementation of the provisions of the ongoing monitoring and verification plans as approved by the Security Council in its resolution 715 (1993), as well as all other outstanding issues between Iraq, the Commission and IAEA, with a view to resolving them.", "6.The present report summarizes the progress made and obstacles encountered during the technical discussions under the relevant headings.", "I. STATEMENTS REQUESTED IN THE PLAN", "7.During the high-level technical discussions in New York and Baghdad, Iraq provided, inter alia, statements on other materials (including depleted uranium and heavy water) to be reported under annex 3 to the plan, a biannual update of the product declaration listed in annex 3 to the plan, a biannual update of the radioisotope list in Iraq required under paragraph 22 (d) of the plan, and a biannual update of information on nuclear sites and facilities required under annex 2 to the plan.In addition, Iraqi officials submitted a set of forms developed by the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) to implement a computerized accounting and reporting system that showed the status, current location and use of all items listed in the declaration required under annex 3 to the plan.", "8.IAEA is currently analysing information provided by representatives of Iraq to determine whether it meets the specifications of the plan.The initial results of this analysis show that, while some progress has been made, the overall quality of the documentation remains very poor in terms of completeness and accuracy.A detailed list of the elements necessary to bring the reports submitted by the ICEA under the plan to the required level was provided to the Government of Iraq.The IAEC has been given the promise that a new effort will be made to correct the deficiencies and to make the documentation more complete and accurate.During the technical interviews in Baghdad, the IAEA team was informed by the ICEA that the additional information required under Annex 2 of the plan was being prepared and would be provided to the Agency's twenty-second inspection team.", "II.RADIOMETRIC WATER LEVE OF SURFACE", "9.As indicated in the last report on the implementation of the plan, the long-term monitoring exercise in Iraq includes a periodic radiometric survey of the country's main water bodies, with the aim of detecting undeclared nuclear facilities and establishing a basis for the ongoing monitoring programme.This requires samples of surface water, sediment and biota.During the nineteenth inspection, these samples were collected at 15 locations along the Tiger and Euphrates basins.The next sampling campaign is scheduled for early November 1993 as part of the IAEA's twenty-second inspection mission.", "III.PERIODIC INSPECTION ACTIVITIES", "10.Since the last report, IAEA has conducted three inspection missions, during which it conducted two inspections without prior notice of newly designated sites, as well as a number of previous site monitoring inspections.One of these visits was to a site suspected of dispersal of material near Al Nida (formerly Al Rabiyah), where a number of machines were located, including one from Al Nida and under IAEA seal.", "IV.NUCLEAR MATERIALS BALANCE", "11.As mentioned above, during the high-level technical talks, the Iraqi authorities provided additional information on nuclear materials, in particular on depleted uranium and imported natural uranium oxide, and on the existence of a small amount of heavy water in Iraq.", "12.A comprehensive inventory of all nuclear material stocks, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium compounds in Iraq, is a prerequisite for any meaningful implementation of the plan, as it is required as a starting point for the accounting of nuclear material.For future changes in the inventory, a detailed explanation will be required, which will need to be documented and verified.", "13.The last report identified significant disparities between Iraq's nuclear material declarations and the results of the IAEA sample analyses, raising serious questions about the completeness of the current inventory of nuclear materials in Iraq.During the technical talks in New York, the Iraqi authorities provided some clarification.If they are true, these clarifications could explain the above disparities.This will require new sampling and analysis.", "V. EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT", "14.During the eighteenth inspection (3-11 March 1993), an inspection of the workshops of the Al Hatteen State Institution showed 242 computer-controlled digital machine tools for the first time.Iraq had not mentioned any of these machines in its statement concerning the items in annex 3 to the plan.According to the Iraqi authorities, this was because they did not meet the specifications of annex 3.The IAEA is currently verifying the accuracy of this claim with manufacturers.In the IAEA inventory of computer-controlled digital machine tools found in Iraq (over 1,000 items), 148 were identified as Matrix Churchill.During the nineteenth inspection, the team determined that 144 of the 148 machines did not meet the specifications of Appendix 3, but that the remaining four were to be further evaluated.", "15.During the twentieth IAEA inspection, 50 other Matrix Churchill computer-controlled machine tools were found at the Nahrawan ammunition plant, on the basis of information provided by a Member State.Again, the Iraqi authorities have stated that these machines do not meet the specifications of annex 3, which are being verified by machine tool specialists.", "16.There is some indication that many of the Matrix Churchill computer-controlled machine tools exported to Iraq have not yet been identified and this issue will be further discussed.", "17.Two hundred and fifty-five tonnes of HMX-type explosive are stored under IAEA seal in six bunkers at Al Qa Qaa.As an example of dual-use materials, the HMX is listed in Appendix 3 to the plan.The current storage conditions of HMX at Al Qa Qaa are not very suitable for control and safety is also a concern.IAEA has requested the Iraqi side to consolidate HMX in a safer and more convenient location, which would facilitate sealing and periodic inspections.The IAEA-20 team evaluated two large bunkers from the Muthanna complex, which Iraq had proposed as another possible storage location.With minor security changes, these bunkers represent a marked improvement over the current conditions in Al Qa Qaa.It is planned to transfer HMX during the twenty-second IAEA inspection.", "VI.INFORMATION ON THE EXHASE", "18.Since the commencement of inspections in Iraq pursuant to resolution 687 (1991), one of the main objectives was to understand Iraq's procurement process and the sources of technical advice for the nuclear programme.During the eighteenth inspection, a number of procurement-related issues were raised with the Iraqi side, following a well-established procedure during previous inspections.The Iraqi side's response was often that, as records had been destroyed during and after the Gulf War, it was unable to answer such a vast question and, moreover, it considered that most of the information requested was already in the hands of IAEA.While the inspection data collected in Iraq, surveys conducted by Member State Governments and interviews with staff from different companies have made it possible to identify the bulk of the programme and to know many of the front organizations and procurement officers, it is not certain that this information is complete.", "19.Several important questions, which have not yet been answered, have been raised on several occasions by the Iraqi side.They were asked in December 1992 because the President of the ICEA had offered to respond constructively to certain questions.They were again put forward, in the following terms, during the first round of high-level technical talks in New York:", "(a)What is the identity of individuals and companies outside Iraq that provided information on the technical aspects and design of the Iraqi magnetic-level centrifuge?", "(b)Who are the manufacturers, suppliers, agents and carriers of 360 degree maraging steel?Please indicate the source of the maraging steel used for the manufacture of centrifuge components outside Iraq, and the maraging steel reserve in Iraq (the Iraqi side indicated that, if it could identify the supplier, it did not know the manufacturer of the maraging steel);", "(c)Who provided the carbon fibre rotor tubes and how were the technical specifications communicated to the manufacturer?", "(d)Please describe the activities of H & H in the framework of the Iraqi centrifugation enrichment programme;", "(e)Who is the manufacturer and what is the procurement procedure for the HMX explosive, declared by Iraq to be for conventional weapons.", "20.At the end of the second round of high-level technical talks, held in Baghdad in October 1993, the Iraqi authorities provided information on the five issues raised in the preceding paragraph.We are currently checking whether this information is accurate and complete.A preliminary assessment was that while the responses were reasonably satisfactory for procurement issues (e.g., supply sources and traders), they were extremely discreet about the extent of technical advice on the uranium centrifugation enrichment programme obtained from abroad and the information provided was not sufficient to explain the progress made by Iraqi scientists and engineers in the construction of operating prototypes.This issue will be further discussed during the November inspection.", "VII.REMOVAL OF IRRADIE FUEL ASSEMPAGES", "21.Since the last report on the implementation of the plan, IAEA has been able to enter into a contract with the Committee on External Relations with the Ministry of Atomic Energy in the Russian Federation for the removal, processing and sale or storage of the highly enriched uranium still in Iraq, under the custody of the IAEA, the spent fuel assemblies of Iraqi research reactors.All complex technical preparations for fuel removal were completed at the end of October.The first two shipments are currently scheduled to be carried in the Russian Federation in December 1993.", "VIII.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS", "22.Some progress has been made in the past three IAEA inspection missions to Iraq and in the two rounds of high-level technical interviews in New York and Baghdad to clarify some issues related to the outstanding issues.The main focus now is to develop the technical basis on which the ongoing monitoring and verification programme can be effectively implemented, in accordance with resolution 715 (1991).", "23.The remaining problems are all the more complex as the Government of Iraq continues to refuse to formally recognize its obligations under United Nations Security Council resolutions 707 (1991) and 715 (1991).Until the Security Council has given up that position, it will not have complied with the provisions of section C, paragraph 12, of Security Council resolution 687 (1991), stipulating that it must accept the plan prepared by the Agency and approved by the Security Council.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S / 26685", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "NOTE BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL", "The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the Security Council the attached communication he has received from the Acting Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).", "ANNEX", "Letter dated 29 October 1993 from the Permanent Representative", "of the Agency addressed to the Secretary-General", "International Atomic Energy Agency", "In paragraph 8 of its resolution 715 (1991), adopted on 11 October 1991, the Security Council requested the Director-General of IAEA to submit to the Council reports on the implementation of the Agency's plan for the future monitoring and verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 of resolution 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991.Such reports should be submitted at the request of the Council and, in any case, at least every six months from the adoption of resolution 715 (1991).", "I therefore request that the attached fourth semi-annual report on the implementation of the plan be transmitted to the President of the Security Council.The Director-General will be at your disposal for any consultation you or the Council may wish to make.", "(Signed) David WALLER", "Acting Director-General", "Appendix", "Fourth report of the Director-General of the International Agency", "on the implementation of the Agency's plan", "for future ongoing monitoring and verification", "of Iraq & apos; s compliance with paragraph 12", "resolution 687 (1991)", "On 11 October 1991, the Security Council adopted its resolution 715 (1991), by which it, inter alia, adopted the plan presented in document S / 22872 / Rev.1 and Corr.1 by the Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency for the future monitoring and verification of Iraq & apos; s compliance with the provisions of part C of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) and the requirements of paragraphs 3 and 5 of resolution 707 (1991).In paragraph 8 of resolution 715 (1991), the Security Council requested the Director-General of IAEA to report to it on the implementation of the plan at the request of the Security Council and, in any case, at least every six months from the adoption of resolution 715 (1991).The first three reports submitted by the Director-General were distributed on 15 April 1992 (S / 23813), 28 October 1992 (S / 24722) and 19 April 1993 (S / 25621), respectively.", "The Director-General presents here the fourth biannual report on the implementation of the plan for the ongoing monitoring and verification of Iraq's nuclear capacity (hereinafter referred to as the \"plan\").", "Since the last report was submitted on 19 April 1993, IAEA has conducted three inspection missions in Iraq, the 19th (30 April-7 May 1993), the 20th (25-30 June 1993) and the 21st (24-27 July 1993).Detailed reports on the results of these inspections are contained in documents S / 25982 and S / 26333.The twenty-second inspection mission is currently scheduled to be carried out in early November 1993.", "High-level technical talks were held during the period under review in New York (31 August-9 September 1993) and in Baghdad (1-9 October 1993) between delegations of the United Nations Special Commission and IAEA, on the one hand, and a delegation from Iraq on the other.Comprehensive reports on these two series of talks were circulated as Security Council documents S / 26451, S / 26571 and S / 26584.", "These discussions, which were conducted following a visit to Iraq by the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission in July 1993 (see S / 26127), were aimed at addressing the nature and implementation of the provisions of the plans for ongoing monitoring and verification adopted by Security Council resolution 715 (1991), as well as all other outstanding issues between Iraq, the Commission and IAEA, with a view to resolving those issues.", "The relevant sections of the present report summarize the progress and the setbacks that have been identified during the technical discussions.", "I.STATEMENT OF ELEMENTS INCLUDED IN THE PLAN", "During the high-level talks in New York and Baghdad, Iraqi representatives provided, inter alia, statements on additional material (including irradiated uranium and heavy water) to be reported in compliance with annex 3 to the plan, a mid-year update of the declaration of the elements listed in annex 3 to the plan, a mid-year update of the list of existing radioisotopes in Iraq as required under paragraph 22 (d) of the plan and a mid-year update of information on nuclear-energy-related sites and facilities as required under annex 2 to the plan.In addition, Iraqi officials provided a set of forms developed by the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) for the use of a computerized accounting and reporting system that indicated the condition, current location and use of all the elements listed in the declaration required under annex 3 to the plan.", "The IAEA is analysing the information provided by Iraqi representatives to determine whether it meets the requirements of the plan.The preliminary results of this analysis indicate that, although some progress has been made, the overall quality of documentation still leaves much to be desired in terms of completeness and accuracy.A detailed list of what is needed to ensure that the reports of the IAEC meet the requirements of the plan has been communicated to the Government of Iraq.The IAEC has been promised that greater efforts will be made to address the shortcomings and to improve documentation in terms of their completeness and accuracy.During the technical talks in Baghdad, the IAEA group was informed by the IAEC that the additional information required under annex 2 of the plan was being prepared and would be transmitted to the IAEA twenty-second inspection group.", "II.RADIOMETRIC HYDROLOGIC PACKAGE LEAFLET", "As indicated in the most recent implementation report, part of the long-term monitoring activities in Iraq includes regular radiometric exploration of the main water masses in Iraq.Prospecting serves as a measure for the timely discovery of undeclared nuclear activities and for the establishment of a baseline for longer-term monitoring.This requires the collection of surface water, sediments and biota samples.During the 19th inspection, samples of this nature were collected in 15 sites along the Tigris and Euphrates watersheds.The next sampling campaign is scheduled for early November 1993, in connection with the twenty-second IAEA inspection mission.", "III.PERIODIC INSPECTION ACTIVITIES", "Since the last implementation report, IAEA has conducted three inspection missions, during which it has conducted two unannounced inspections of newly designated sites, as well as several monitoring inspections at sites previously visited.One of these", "it was held at a site suspected of being used to disperse equipment near Al Nida (formerly Al Rabiyah), where several machines were found, including one with IAEA seal from Al Nida.", "IV.NUCLEAR MATERIAL BALANCE", "As indicated above, during the high-level technical talks, the Iraqi authorities provided additional information on nuclear material, in particular with regard to irradiated uranium and imported natural uranium oxide, and on the existence in Iraq of a small amount of heavy water.", "A complete inventory of all nuclear material stocks, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium compounds, in Iraq is a prerequisite for a realistic implementation of the plan, as it should serve as a starting point for the accounting of nuclear material.Any future changes in stocks will require a detailed explanation, a verification and must be carefully documented.", "The last report mentioned significant discrepancies between Iraqi declarations on nuclear material and the results of IAEA sample analysis, which raised serious doubts about the completeness of the current nuclear material inventory in Iraq.During the high-level technical talks in New York, the Iraqi authorities provided some clarification.If verified, these clarifications could explain such discrepancies.Such verification shall require additional sampling and analysis.", "V.EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL", "During the 18th inspection (3-11 March 1993), 242 computer-based numerical control tools (CNC) were first found during an inspection of the workshops of the Al Hatteen State Establishment.None of the machines had previously been included in the Iraqi declaration concerning the elements listed in annex 3 to the plan.The Iraqi authorities claimed that the machine tools had not been included in the list as they did not meet the specifications of Annex 3.The IAEA is currently verifying whether this claim is correct through consultations with manufacturers.In the IAEA inventory of CNC tools found in Iraq (more than 1,000 machines), 148 were found to be Matrix Churchill tools.During the 19th inspection, the team ensured that 144 of the 148 NCC Matrix Churchill machine tools did not meet the specifications of Annex 3, but that the remaining four required further evaluation.", "During the twentieth IAEA inspection in Iraq, 50 additional CNC Matrix Churchill machine tools were found at the Nahrawan ammunition factory, following information provided by a Member State.The Iraqi authorities again stated that this group of CNC tools did not meet the specifications of Annex 3.This statement is being verified by machine-tool experts.", "The IAEA has indications that the whereabouts of a significant number of CNC Matrix Churchill machines exported to Iraq are still unknown and further efforts will be made to clarify this matter.", "At the Al Qa Qaa site, 255 tons of cyclotetraethylentetranitramine (HMX) detonating explosive are stored with IAEA seal in six casamates.As a typical dual-use material, HMX is listed in annex 3 to the plan.The current storage conditions of the HMX in Al Qa Qaa present a lack of surveillance and cause certain security fears.The IAEA has called on Iraqis to consolidate the HMX in a safer and more convenient place to facilitate sealing and regular monitoring.The twentieth IAEA inspection group assessed two large casamatas in the Muthanna complex that Iraq had proposed as another possible storage site.With small changes to improve safety, these casamatas are a significant improvement over the current storage conditions in Al Qa Qaa.The transfer of the HMX is expected during the 22 IAEA inspection.", "VI.INFORMATION RELATING TO ACQUISITIONS", "A clear understanding of Iraq & apos; s procurement and the sources of technical advice for the nuclear programme has been a primary objective since the start of the inspections in Iraq pursuant to resolution 687 (1991).During the eighteenth IAEA inspection, following a well-established pattern during the previous inspections, the Iraqi side was asked a wide range of questions concerning Iraq's procurement.The response often given by the Iraqi side was that, following the destruction of the archives during and after the Gulf War, it had no way of meeting such a general request and, in addition, it considered that most of the requested information was already in the possession of IAEA.While it is true that, thanks to inspection data collected in Iraq, investigations by Governments of Member States and interviews with staff of certain companies, a detailed picture of most of the programme is available, and that many of the facade organizations and procurement agents are also known, uncertainties remain as to the completeness of the information.", "Several important questions have been raised on several occasions to the Iraqi side, of which no replies have yet been received.In December 1992, these questions were raised in response to an offer from the President of the IAEC to respond positively to certain questions.These questions were again raised during the first series of high-level technical talks in New York, as follows:", "(a) What are the identities of individuals or companies outside Iraq who provided technical and design information for the Iraqi magnetic centrifuge?", "(b) Who were the manufacturers, suppliers, agents and transmitters of low carbon grade 360 nickel steel?Please distinguish between the origin of low-carbon nickel steel used in the manufacture of centrifugal components outside Iraq and the low-carbon nickel steel stocks shown in Iraq (the Iraqi side expressed regret that, while it could identify the supplier, it was not aware of who made low-carbon nickel steel);", "(c) Who provided the carbon fibre rotor tubes and how the technical specifications were communicated to the manufacturer?", "(d)Describe the activities of H & H Company with respect to Iraq's centrifugal enrichment programme;", "(e)It identifies the manufacturer and describes the procedure for the acquisition of the HMX explosive, which Iraq stated was intended for conventional armaments.", "At the end of the second series of high-level technical talks held in Baghdad in October 1993, the Iraqi authorities provided information on the five subjects indicated in the previous paragraph.The correction and completeness of this information is currently being verified.A preliminary assessment indicates that, while procurement issues (e.g. the source of supplies and agents) have been reasonably addressed, the degree of external advice on the centrifugal uranium enrichment programme and the information provided in this regard has been notoriously underestimated to explain the progress made by Iraqi scientists and engineers in the manufacture of viable centrifugal prototypes.This matter will continue to be dealt with during the November inspection.", "VII.REMOTION OF THE NUCLEAR IRRADIED COMBUSTIBLE UNIT", "Since the last implementation report, IAEA has been able to conclude a contract with the International Relations Committee of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy (CIR Minatom) for the removal, processing and sale or storage of highly enriched uranium still in Iraq, in IAEA custody, in the form of irradiated nuclear fuel units of Iraq's research reactors.By the end of October, all complex technical preparations for the withdrawal of fuel had been completed.The first of the two shipments to the Russian Federation is currently scheduled for December 1993.", "VIII.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS", "Some progress has been made in the last three IAEA inspection missions in Iraq and during the two series of high-level technical talks in New York and Baghdad, in clarifying issues related to problems that are still unresolved.The focus is now on ending the technical basis for the effective implementation of the plan for ongoing monitoring and verification as provided for in resolution 715 (1991).", "The remaining problems are compounded by the continued refusal of the Government of Iraq to formally recognize its obligations under United Nations Security Council resolutions 707 (1991) and 715 (1991).As long as Iraq does not desist from its refusal, it will not have met the requirement of section C, paragraph 12, of Security Council resolution 687 (1991) to accept the plan prepared by the Agency and approved by the Security Council.", "-----" ]	"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"
"LS5s9nIXkWN6sPsn2cKv/Ji/SkaPsm7vdbUg95EBOJc="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26649/Add.1", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. FURTHER REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL PURSUANT", "TO PARAGRAPH 7 OF RESOLUTION 840 (1993)", "Addendum", "1. In my report to the Security Council of 27 October 1993 (S/26649), I indicated in paragraph 8 that the estimated cost of the proposed team of 20 military liaison officers would be submitted shortly as an addendum to that report.", "2. Should the Security Council approve my recommendation for the establishment in Phnom Penh of a team of 20 military liaison officers, it is estimated that the total cost of the operation for a six-month period would amount to $1,060,000 gross and would include the Chief Military Liaison Officer, 2 international and 13 locally recruited civilian support staff. These estimates have been prepared on the assumption that any air transportation requirements within Cambodia would be provided free of charge by the Government of Cambodia. A breakdown of the estimated cost by main categories of expenditure is provided for information purposes in the annex to the present addendum.", "3. Should the Security Council decide on the establishment in Phnom Penh of a team of 20 military liaison officers, it would be my recommendation to the General Assembly that the costs relating thereto should be considered an expense of the Organization to be borne by Member States in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations and that the assessments to be levied on Member States should be credited to a special account to be established for that purpose.", "93-60585 (E) 031193 /...", "Annex", "Cost estimates for the establishment in Phnom Penh", "of 20 military liaison officers for the period from", "1 November 1993 to 30 April 1994", "(In thousands of United States dollars)", "1. Military personnel", "(a) Military liaison officers", "", "547.8", "(b) Other costs", "", "100.0", "2. Civilian personnel", "", "270.4", "3. Vehicle operations", "", "19.5", "4. Communications", "", "49.0", "5.Miscellaneous supplies, services, and support costs", "", "73.3", "Total", "", "1 060.0", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire. Distr.", "GENERALE", "S/26649/Add.1", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. NOUVEAU RAPPORT DU SECRETAIRE GENERAL PRESENTE EN APPLICATION", "DU PARAGRAPHE 7 DE LA RESOLUTION 840 (1993)", "Additif", "1. Dans mon rapport au Conseil de sécurité daté du 27 octobre 1993 (S/26649), j'indiquais, au paragraphe 8, que le coût estimatif du déploiement de l'équipe de 20 officiers de liaison proposée serait présenté sous peu dans un additif audit rapport.", "2. Au cas où le Conseil de sécurité approuverait ma recommandation tendant à mettre en place à Phnom Penh une équipe de 20 officiers de liaison, on prévoit que le coût estimatif total de l'opération pour une période de six mois s'élèverait à 1 060 000 dollars (montant net), y compris les dépenses afférentes à l'officier de liaison en chef et au personnel civil d'appui (2 civils recrutés sur le plan international et 13 sur le plan local). Ces prévisions ont été établies en partant de l'hypothèse que les transports aériens qui s'avéreraient nécessaires à l'intérieur du Cambodge seraient assurés gratuitement par le Gouvernement cambodgien. Une ventilation des coûts par grandes catégories de dépenses est fournie, pour information, dans l'annexe au présent additif.", "3. Au cas où le Conseil de sécurité déciderait de mettre en place à Phnom Penh une équipe de 20 officiers de liaison, je recommanderais à l'Assemblée générale que les coûts afférents à cette opération soient considérés comme une dépense de l'Organisation devant être supportée par les Etats Membres, conformément au paragraphe 2 de l'Article 17 de la Charte des Nations Unies, et que les contributions mises en recouvrement auprès des Etats Membres soient portées au crédit d'un compte spécial créé à cette fin.", "ANNEXE", "Coût estimatif de la mise en place à Phnom Penh d'une équipe", "de 20 officiers de liaison pour la période allant du", "1er novembre 1993 au 30 avril 1994", "(En milliers de dollars des Etats‑Unis)", "1. Personnel militaire", "a) Officiers de liaison 547,8", "b) Autres coûts 100,0", "2. Personnel civil 270,4", "3. Matériel de transport 19,5", "4. Transmissions 49,0", "5. Fournitures et services divers et dépenses d'appui 73,3", "Total 1 060,0", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26649/Add.1", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. FURTHER REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL PURSUANT", "TO PARAGRAPH 7 OF RESOLUTION 840 (1993)", "Addendum", "1. In my report to the Security Council of 27 October 1993 (S/26649), I indicated in paragraph 8 that the estimated cost of the proposed team of 20 military liaison officers would be submitted shortly as an addendum to that report.", "2. Should the Security Council approve my recommendation for the establishment in Phnom Penh of a team of 20 military liaison officers, it is estimated that the total cost of the operation for a six-month period would amount to $1,060,000 gross and would include the Chief Military Liaison Officer, 2 international and 13 locally recruited civilian support staff. These estimates have been prepared on the assumption that any air transportation requirements within Cambodia would be provided free of charge by the Government of Cambodia. A breakdown of the estimated cost by main categories of expenditure is provided for information purposes in the annex to the present addendum.", "3. Should the Security Council decide on the establishment in Phnom Penh of a team of 20 military liaison officers, it would be my recommendation to the General Assembly that the costs relating thereto should be considered an expense of the Organization to be borne by Member States in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations and that the assessments to be levied on Member States should be credited to a special account to be established for that purpose.", "93-60585 (E) 031193 /...", "Annex", "Cost estimates for the establishment in Phnom Penh", "of 20 military liaison officers for the period from", "1 November 1993 to 30 April 1994", "(In thousands of United States dollars)", "1. Military personnel", "(a) Military liaison officers", "", "547.8", "(b) Other costs", "", "100.0", "2. Civilian personnel", "", "270.4", "3. Vehicle operations", "", "19.5", "4. Communications", "", "49.0", "5.Miscellaneous supplies, services, and support costs", "", "73.3", "Total", "", "1 060.0", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary.Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26649/Add.1", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.NEW REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL UNDER THE", "OF RESOLUTION 840 (1993)", "Addendum", "1.In my report to the Security Council dated 27 October 1993 (S/26649), I indicated in paragraph 8 that the estimated cost of deploying the proposed team of 20 liaison officers would be presented shortly in an addendum to that report.", "2.Should the Security Council approve my recommendation to establish a team of 20 liaison officers in Phnom Penh, it is anticipated that the total estimated cost of the operation for a six-month period would be $1,060,000 net, including the cost of the Chief Liaison Officer and civilian support staff (2 international and 13 local).The estimates were based on the assumption that air transportation within Cambodia would be provided free of charge by the Government of Cambodia.A breakdown of costs by major categories of expenditure is provided, for information, in the annex to the present addendum.", "3.Should the Security Council decide to establish a team of 20 liaison officers in Phnom Penh, I would recommend to the General Assembly that the costs of the operation be considered an expense of the Organization to be borne by Member States, in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations, and that assessments on Member States be credited to a special account established for that purpose.", "The President", "Estimated cost of setting up a team in Phnom Penh", "20 liaison officers for the period from", "1 November 1993 to 30 April 1994", "(Thousands of United States dollars)", "1.Military personnel", "(a) Liaison officers 547.8", "(b)Other costs 100.0", "2.Civilian personnel 270.4", "3.Transportation equipment 19.5", "4.Transmissions 49.0", "5.Miscellaneous supplies and services and support costs 73.3", "Total 1 060.0", "-----" ]	"KLUv/WBJElVNACp8LBlHsBpxDrxYydjzpDsv5V3pgy/hkHKXiSTHMVvHxrA8irH+liJoi7yxGGrhVmPRrt2rrSrttSHuc2qFfq9lTavgU3F+HmeYm0+nAWYBYAE7FXI2Nf+VTg9bsVxjy/Q8PmIrJbZEn2e9aHI2CGLIPBBDhgoK1+EIiACbYwoKp6Na+fiIT44/vsjRNbZ+bKlgOz5i62HiCALGIt9zrUZS5WrBWOPOj63Xa+x5l+jzI/le6JFe/BcpkuOLVIk9/4KlVKsXV7bcixRhrhbM5y2IaImvsaUzun7keX0H1r9aLJ+x9a2R59WCdXjPRbZgr7H1Ozviv1jks3bew6FHetbrX+S4EkGoYB/GD8Ei36X6L/yRVK3OnBnBgAgmHLSgcC6VuEqR4mP4IDwu1SpFjo9hJZKqlKrFAnJ3ftIPUk4O+PvG0EvT5JN+gJ5pihdySjg44QVXj7FoJbZGckzpIDECB4kROGwAxqBwrlFFwohcJEv1EskCO+NLRcJ82BYAkHIKa2GJyBTWwFKXQyrCCWsnUodDKiKFtZywM4VFYVjDCbtSWASGNVLYgWHRF9a+kCgHrOWARCewdgKJTGDNBBKVwBoJJCKBtRAkCsEaCBKBYO0DiT6wlpMjp3YaOtVMQzg1nKGb2s1QqVYaCmvhEFgDu49oAQApMgLgafO+PeMPv2Otel528UznmupZZsz1/vnv+7oP5+tAClnVqDU13jf9Wc8atYAC87f7pvq0XXeOv+Pv7Cxfn0d1nvl8xjOOz5jdWvZZ427NfFFUl5emd5rameu9sEjAkQ2Bh9MOJE6+oHBRhGiIIkTDFxTO69hU7avmqzd9rmqeL7+tO/2O7b787229Jv7Cm2IV6LbSnD1f9GJ9prfVlOF+ZNXl3/OvCvTd6W/HsVWBaEroN4WvWvNv623lf80/8eVZ67xqU7s/a/R5tjvvgQECHHnd2s/2uf2gs2894x2jMZX/jb15qvrE831LLJPpz5pji88P2rbjE6P/ofb2Ny/Xqd5p57pEcee321n/k5DRLLX7x26bfsZv3m5LbGb8qu9sal7IaN+Y7iVLyMgUvkz/icusap0P6nir5XX9nfXX/fvW6d0fhH5WvQd6yclwx6Yp6kBVM1/TFItsJPqTkQEJLOLK9CMsJi6vSRoT4Mh20ui2ChhXULgNN5xsKXMGCwrnXZqz6y7OW9Wy7/xeM9v9w/k1T9zzpf3NsPfyxWVO2bTb/fM/W+0Zb2w5v+VtzdhumqXhj1Wg5/na5/zyonXWdRo0s31bfm/rTT/PGnPMr857Nv1me6Zb5c9va+dhzWM1TS2N+efNWfN90/uyOys/X6E1331bZTKbL7/nc7xTVJcf9J1Nv7nm+bbnqc3/cL4HX2gtWs/bSsOfY40+CsxNjbeq09uaapqONa37m9Vb2vPv7v2iL7R+z91alKYaWfVzW74qvhdKGHDk3Z2iuDnj51tN0a1lGf/Wd6sdm/mmKC6/eOufz9iiHxTLJ7Rpwt4de/E9mc770nQqKPb3Z9tZee+WvXlNbLGpY6jV+YxnHZ94vrEKdDfPdvff2H5Qtimqcm6zfvNum957Y39pdvac39nrPZnMdq7yzxafmIaxus/Tlvp8UhaIvu5TOJ+QEVjg5cOmhASThASDBYXr+ag02dACCwpH6kimfWnYfN7hvRueHMkjmUpM25ef95Yc93g3GHI2HjuuoHCl7jOFYSpX8j5TWEDnvfCIbTtYAuRgiRUU7uu+D9xdFd8mxpP7vO8DC7DeJlZDxLYiAQcCEVZUOXWm0g3rbWwqd/JMpZsCPW9jaybkbAey3Nig+FBB4e7GPu+BRTyQiI3IECxaUDgbjjMshoorZx5rbHI2ZrZc1aoamtKJN83+R9oXlJArnXinopDRRwIl5GwUwrjIcOUFF/U8rT1vcqjeMlLOdoNFFxEzbGRB4W5aNUgFZrigcF7Gstt62pT/7VmlMW/rLrn5vGjd6d00NWNUjeHdc784w6wJ/PC2dvxu3m0fn++gXZPfVs3/9n7LM9/Wn1vimrfVJDUQcOTFyhKXN9XdvBvT7sn55dySGbZv33am04WdCRQyumeJ+xb/ltmaW5el/Yy7qydvHfsbS4Gz/dmsy7O9JuZZlzP+ut/9k4POGHo5F/+0++abugGBaKgRIUTIKCMkIiKaFCRpDDEECAJRmKTkHhKAs3madU4ZGZFARkRBUUFBQUGh0BhiAAkIjKLxb0YU8cfEYQD44qGoKorFOulPfajG4Q10LxIuzZJuU+EP8ErIRUJX1soSYO6pcZVIBoYY2Ah2DVFt+WS/QZ+VUdgwcDHeO3rfl52lhYPLXpUc09q4JE1BRJAsglHJ4ONz+tCRSmLqVMSJFbZwThOCmqZ3875jyzUUSmhjIplTtZEigKKM9SPi+HuRYdN6d5HalvMBt+Nfosixqj6WUt5TFqu9db0pBzBdm7CAx4AeMQ42MKEAOmXT7TJnJkX+Mw7rqsGOyhxA9+Uy9OUcVTwSv/o7PgixvbOQGSq7ql8b2Zk/jRt4n7xgBLoyYDFlgQJcCqVdAFSh9bOmaRi9KxqVfjSvS8jPGDfQp3atvPTYpUxoolQZyf0HqF1qTBUS3b4Vi1InkPZBOGfADWdFote/DQnrUTF0HO3HZcOXomUifvy+qCzq0zmjR0WFFBbxwDpYT1x+oVSFhR2422TvrtJ2YurPkMQwBvjRomeBHwcbJAFOujT0EUSDeUHpSz8wX2rISgTxrM/sVghUs/5n2oB5WCbNv3Uw1eSjf/c4O8zypiRSBfYXsubBM7XHV973diqbckLAAgMktLZPc9RI4m1TQyGlbZoJUpQGL5gSJBz7y4AY7ZGJnOS075HxQsdE+9n8jNBHhtey+UA9O4Fjfq6G4jk1H2tk3rN8RFUzvqXFCraB/2O/ID8GGYPtCthZN7CrmIWDkGK3OGEXDpWfLW3/9iVYVepK4fTgkHnvC/xDFLgpwDJr7bLh/U9xHJr1DUaIHqyI9z3SrdiSwyRp0jqAMOuM4dOZtoMrxR2IId7XZCDX6gh+8uz+EoAQCE8ubxohdFvAwSbfVJTRYeO6cbADPVC0bN3INo1juoXtoKP4JH/gouVIOP1eIAGExweicqz0ZYBdXkCcReBLvdoSz39yetY3hOE+7zC5Vn90JN1806c70TVxOq3eOAcpP0uWJ13EYNa9zFEO3NOcSO27w13AHfb0BKqY5cZ3U9jMS2l8EVE8lvBoQ6m28iK0/1mmgtGlyFqX1EKvDibTewxdZ2HxAj5z8RJtIvji05ot1sLXxDD3lACq"
"RtpM4s19yzMfSvtuFekrQiBdi6UwE1oVeKj6K6ystfc="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26649/Add.1", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. FURTHER REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL PURSUANT", "TO PARAGRAPH 7 OF RESOLUTION 840 (1993)", "Addendum", "1. In my report to the Security Council of 27 October 1993 (S/26649), I indicated in paragraph 8 that the estimated cost of the proposed team of 20 military liaison officers would be submitted shortly as an addendum to that report.", "2. Should the Security Council approve my recommendation for the establishment in Phnom Penh of a team of 20 military liaison officers, it is estimated that the total cost of the operation for a six-month period would amount to $1,060,000 gross and would include the Chief Military Liaison Officer, 2 international and 13 locally recruited civilian support staff. These estimates have been prepared on the assumption that any air transportation requirements within Cambodia would be provided free of charge by the Government of Cambodia. A breakdown of the estimated cost by main categories of expenditure is provided for information purposes in the annex to the present addendum.", "3. Should the Security Council decide on the establishment in Phnom Penh of a team of 20 military liaison officers, it would be my recommendation to the General Assembly that the costs relating thereto should be considered an expense of the Organization to be borne by Member States in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations and that the assessments to be levied on Member States should be credited to a special account to be established for that purpose.", "93-60585 (E) 031193 /...", "Annex", "Cost estimates for the establishment in Phnom Penh", "of 20 military liaison officers for the period from", "1 November 1993 to 30 April 1994", "(In thousands of United States dollars)", "1. Military personnel", "(a) Military liaison officers", "", "547.8", "(b) Other costs", "", "100.0", "2. Civilian personnel", "", "270.4", "3. Vehicle operations", "", "19.5", "4. Communications", "", "49.0", "5.Miscellaneous supplies, services, and support costs", "", "73.3", "Total", "", "1 060.0", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26649/Add.1", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "NUEVO INFORME PRESENTADO POR EL SECRETARIO GENERAL EN CUMPLIMIENTO", "DEL PARRAFO 7 DE LA RESOLUCION 840 (1993)", "Adición", "1. En el informe de fecha 27 de octubre de 1993 que presenté al Consejo de Seguridad (S/26649), señalé en el párrafo 8 que el costo estimado del grupo propuesto de 20 oficiales de enlace militar se presentaría en breve en una adición al informe.", "2. En caso de que el Consejo de Seguridad aprobara mi recomendación de establecer en Phnom Penh un grupo de 20 oficiales de enlace militar, se estima que la operación, por un período de seis meses, tendría un costo total de 1.060.000 dólares en cifras brutas e incluiría al Jefe de los Oficiales de Enlace Militar, 2 funcionarios internacionales y 13 funcionarios de contratación local para el apoyo civil. Esas estimaciones han sido preparadas sobre el supuesto de que el Gobierno de Camboya proporcionaría sin costo el transporte aéreo necesario dentro de Camboya. En el anexo de la presente adición se proporciona con fines de información un desglose del costo estimado por categorías principales de gastos.", "3. En caso de que el Consejo de Seguridad decidiera establecer en Phnom Penh un grupo de 20 oficiales de enlace militar, recomendaría a la Asamblea General que los costos relacionados con la operación se consideraran gastos de la Organización que sufragarían los Estados Miembros de conformidad con el párrafo 2 del Artículo 17 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y que las cuotas que se recaudasen de los Estados Miembros se ingresaran a una cuenta especial creada con ese fin.", "ANEXO", "Costos estimados para el establecimiento en Phnom Pehn", "de un grupo de 20 oficiales de enlace militar para el", "período comprendido entre el 1º de noviembre de 1993 y", "el 30 de abril de 1994", "(En miles de dólares de los EE.UU.)", "1. Personal militar", "a) Oficiales de enlace militar 547,8", "b) Otros gastos 100,0", "2. Personal civil 270,4", "3. Utilización de vehículos 19,5", "4. Comunicaciones 49,0", "5. Suministros diversos, servicios", "y gastos de apoyo 73,3", "Total 1 060,0", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26649/Add.1", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. FURTHER REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL PURSUANT", "TO PARAGRAPH 7 OF RESOLUTION 840 (1993)", "Addendum", "1. In my report to the Security Council of 27 October 1993 (S/26649), I indicated in paragraph 8 that the estimated cost of the proposed team of 20 military liaison officers would be submitted shortly as an addendum to that report.", "2. Should the Security Council approve my recommendation for the establishment in Phnom Penh of a team of 20 military liaison officers, it is estimated that the total cost of the operation for a six-month period would amount to $1,060,000 gross and would include the Chief Military Liaison Officer, 2 international and 13 locally recruited civilian support staff. These estimates have been prepared on the assumption that any air transportation requirements within Cambodia would be provided free of charge by the Government of Cambodia. A breakdown of the estimated cost by main categories of expenditure is provided for information purposes in the annex to the present addendum.", "3. Should the Security Council decide on the establishment in Phnom Penh of a team of 20 military liaison officers, it would be my recommendation to the General Assembly that the costs relating thereto should be considered an expense of the Organization to be borne by Member States in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations and that the assessments to be levied on Member States should be credited to a special account to be established for that purpose.", "93-60585 (E) 031193 /...", "Annex", "Cost estimates for the establishment in Phnom Penh", "of 20 military liaison officers for the period from", "1 November 1993 to 30 April 1994", "(In thousands of United States dollars)", "1. Military personnel", "(a) Military liaison officers", "", "547.8", "(b) Other costs", "", "100.0", "2. Civilian personnel", "", "270.4", "3. Vehicle operations", "", "19.5", "4. Communications", "", "49.0", "5.Miscellaneous supplies, services, and support costs", "", "73.3", "Total", "", "1 060.0", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S / 26649 / Add.1", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "NEW REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL IN FORCE", "OF RESOLUTION 840 (1993), PARAGRAPH 7", "Addendum", "1.In my report to the Security Council dated 27 October 1993 (S / 26649), I noted in paragraph 8 that the estimated cost of the proposed group of 20 military liaison officers would be presented shortly in an addendum to the report.", "2.Should the Security Council approve my recommendation to establish a group of 20 military liaison officers in Phnom Penh, it is estimated that the operation, for a period of six months, would cost a total of $1,060,000 gross and would include the Chief of Military Liaison Officers, 2 international and 13 local staff for civilian support.These estimates have been prepared on the assumption that the Government of Cambodia would provide the necessary air transport within Cambodia without cost.The annex to the present addendum provides for information a breakdown of the estimated cost by main categories of expenditure.", "3.Should the Security Council decide to establish a group of 20 military liaison officers in Phnom Penh, it would recommend to the General Assembly that the costs related to the operation be considered as expenses of the Organization to be borne by Member States in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations and that assessments to be collected from Member States be entered into a special account established for that purpose.", "ANNEX", "Estimated costs for the establishment in Phnom Pehn", "of 20 military liaison officers for the", "period from 1 November 1993 to", "on 30 April 1994", "(Thousands of United States dollars)", "1.Military personnel", "(a) Military liaison officers 547.8", "(b)Other expenditure 100.0", "2.Civilian personnel 270.4", "3.Use of vehicles 19.5", "4.Communications 49.0", "5.Miscellaneous supplies, services", "and support costs 73.3", "Total 1 060.0", "-----" ]	"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"
"978XH8erwepKBSp9+9S1vfiXsr4jhPcOW15PqVaT7VM="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire. Distr.", "GENERALE", "S/26649/Add.1", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. NOUVEAU RAPPORT DU SECRETAIRE GENERAL PRESENTE EN APPLICATION", "DU PARAGRAPHE 7 DE LA RESOLUTION 840 (1993)", "Additif", "1. Dans mon rapport au Conseil de sécurité daté du 27 octobre 1993 (S/26649), j'indiquais, au paragraphe 8, que le coût estimatif du déploiement de l'équipe de 20 officiers de liaison proposée serait présenté sous peu dans un additif audit rapport.", "2. Au cas où le Conseil de sécurité approuverait ma recommandation tendant à mettre en place à Phnom Penh une équipe de 20 officiers de liaison, on prévoit que le coût estimatif total de l'opération pour une période de six mois s'élèverait à 1 060 000 dollars (montant net), y compris les dépenses afférentes à l'officier de liaison en chef et au personnel civil d'appui (2 civils recrutés sur le plan international et 13 sur le plan local). Ces prévisions ont été établies en partant de l'hypothèse que les transports aériens qui s'avéreraient nécessaires à l'intérieur du Cambodge seraient assurés gratuitement par le Gouvernement cambodgien. Une ventilation des coûts par grandes catégories de dépenses est fournie, pour information, dans l'annexe au présent additif.", "3. Au cas où le Conseil de sécurité déciderait de mettre en place à Phnom Penh une équipe de 20 officiers de liaison, je recommanderais à l'Assemblée générale que les coûts afférents à cette opération soient considérés comme une dépense de l'Organisation devant être supportée par les Etats Membres, conformément au paragraphe 2 de l'Article 17 de la Charte des Nations Unies, et que les contributions mises en recouvrement auprès des Etats Membres soient portées au crédit d'un compte spécial créé à cette fin.", "ANNEXE", "Coût estimatif de la mise en place à Phnom Penh d'une équipe", "de 20 officiers de liaison pour la période allant du", "1er novembre 1993 au 30 avril 1994", "(En milliers de dollars des Etats‑Unis)", "1. Personnel militaire", "a) Officiers de liaison 547,8", "b) Autres coûts 100,0", "2. Personnel civil 270,4", "3. Matériel de transport 19,5", "4. Transmissions 49,0", "5. Fournitures et services divers et dépenses d'appui 73,3", "Total 1 060,0", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26649/Add.1", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "NUEVO INFORME PRESENTADO POR EL SECRETARIO GENERAL EN CUMPLIMIENTO", "DEL PARRAFO 7 DE LA RESOLUCION 840 (1993)", "Adición", "1. En el informe de fecha 27 de octubre de 1993 que presenté al Consejo de Seguridad (S/26649), señalé en el párrafo 8 que el costo estimado del grupo propuesto de 20 oficiales de enlace militar se presentaría en breve en una adición al informe.", "2. En caso de que el Consejo de Seguridad aprobara mi recomendación de establecer en Phnom Penh un grupo de 20 oficiales de enlace militar, se estima que la operación, por un período de seis meses, tendría un costo total de 1.060.000 dólares en cifras brutas e incluiría al Jefe de los Oficiales de Enlace Militar, 2 funcionarios internacionales y 13 funcionarios de contratación local para el apoyo civil. Esas estimaciones han sido preparadas sobre el supuesto de que el Gobierno de Camboya proporcionaría sin costo el transporte aéreo necesario dentro de Camboya. En el anexo de la presente adición se proporciona con fines de información un desglose del costo estimado por categorías principales de gastos.", "3. En caso de que el Consejo de Seguridad decidiera establecer en Phnom Penh un grupo de 20 oficiales de enlace militar, recomendaría a la Asamblea General que los costos relacionados con la operación se consideraran gastos de la Organización que sufragarían los Estados Miembros de conformidad con el párrafo 2 del Artículo 17 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y que las cuotas que se recaudasen de los Estados Miembros se ingresaran a una cuenta especial creada con ese fin.", "ANEXO", "Costos estimados para el establecimiento en Phnom Pehn", "de un grupo de 20 oficiales de enlace militar para el", "período comprendido entre el 1º de noviembre de 1993 y", "el 30 de abril de 1994", "(En miles de dólares de los EE.UU.)", "1. Personal militar", "a) Oficiales de enlace militar 547,8", "b) Otros gastos 100,0", "2. Personal civil 270,4", "3. Utilización de vehículos 19,5", "4. Comunicaciones 49,0", "5. Suministros diversos, servicios", "y gastos de apoyo 73,3", "Total 1 060,0", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary.Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26649/Add.1", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.NEW REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL UNDER THE", "OF RESOLUTION 840 (1993)", "Addendum", "1.In my report to the Security Council dated 27 October 1993 (S/26649), I indicated in paragraph 8 that the estimated cost of deploying the proposed team of 20 liaison officers would be presented shortly in an addendum to that report.", "2.Should the Security Council approve my recommendation to establish a team of 20 liaison officers in Phnom Penh, it is anticipated that the total estimated cost of the operation for a six-month period would be $1,060,000 net, including the cost of the Chief Liaison Officer and civilian support staff (2 international and 13 local).The estimates were based on the assumption that air transportation within Cambodia would be provided free of charge by the Government of Cambodia.A breakdown of costs by major categories of expenditure is provided, for information, in the annex to the present addendum.", "3.Should the Security Council decide to establish a team of 20 liaison officers in Phnom Penh, I would recommend to the General Assembly that the costs of the operation be considered an expense of the Organization to be borne by Member States, in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations, and that assessments on Member States be credited to a special account established for that purpose.", "The President", "Estimated cost of setting up a team in Phnom Penh", "20 liaison officers for the period from", "1 November 1993 to 30 April 1994", "(Thousands of United States dollars)", "1.Military personnel", "(a) Liaison officers 547.8", "(b)Other costs 100.0", "2.Civilian personnel 270.4", "3.Transportation equipment 19.5", "4.Transmissions 49.0", "5.Miscellaneous supplies and services and support costs 73.3", "Total 1 060.0", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S / 26649 / Add.1", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "NEW REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL IN FORCE", "OF RESOLUTION 840 (1993), PARAGRAPH 7", "Addendum", "1.In my report to the Security Council dated 27 October 1993 (S / 26649), I noted in paragraph 8 that the estimated cost of the proposed group of 20 military liaison officers would be presented shortly in an addendum to the report.", "2.Should the Security Council approve my recommendation to establish a group of 20 military liaison officers in Phnom Penh, it is estimated that the operation, for a period of six months, would cost a total of $1,060,000 gross and would include the Chief of Military Liaison Officers, 2 international and 13 local staff for civilian support.These estimates have been prepared on the assumption that the Government of Cambodia would provide the necessary air transport within Cambodia without cost.The annex to the present addendum provides for information a breakdown of the estimated cost by main categories of expenditure.", "3.Should the Security Council decide to establish a group of 20 military liaison officers in Phnom Penh, it would recommend to the General Assembly that the costs related to the operation be considered as expenses of the Organization to be borne by Member States in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations and that assessments to be collected from Member States be entered into a special account established for that purpose.", "ANNEX", "Estimated costs for the establishment in Phnom Pehn", "of 20 military liaison officers for the", "period from 1 November 1993 to", "on 30 April 1994", "(Thousands of United States dollars)", "1.Military personnel", "(a) Military liaison officers 547.8", "(b)Other expenditure 100.0", "2.Civilian personnel 270.4", "3.Use of vehicles 19.5", "4.Communications 49.0", "5.Miscellaneous supplies, services", "and support costs 73.3", "Total 1 060.0", "-----" ]	"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"
"xTSTMFcoa52/bcCyTZZ7wFfU643viDDWv1e9uu81joc="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26646/Add.1", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL CONCERNING", "THE SITUATION IN ABKHAZIA, GEORGIA", "Addendum", "1. In my report to the Security Council of 27 October 1993 (S/26646), I indicated in paragraph 11 that I would submit an addendum to the report stating the financial implications of the operation as described in paragraph 10 of the report.", "2. Should the Security Council approve my recommendation for the continuation of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) at its present strength of Chief Military Observer, four military observers and six international staff for a further three months, it is estimated that the total cost would amount to $612,000 gross for the period. The monthly cost thereafter would amount to $204,000 gross. A breakdown of the estimated cost by main categories of expenditure is provided for information purposes in the annex to the present addendum.", "3. It would be my recommendation to the General Assembly, should the Security Council decide to approve my recommendation, that the costs relating thereto should be considered an expense of the Organization to be borne by Member States in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations and that the assessments to be levied on Member States should be credited to the UNOMIG special account to be established for that purpose.", "93-60752 (E) 031193 /...", "Annex", "Cost estimates of the United Nations Observer", "Mission in Georgia for a three-month period", "(Thousands of United States dollars)", "Serial Amount", "1. Military observers 68.0", "2. Civilian personnel 1/ 342.0", "3. Premises, rental and maintenance 53.0", "4. Transport operations 25.0", "5. Communications 48.0", "6. Miscellaneous supplies, services, and support costs 76.0", "Total 612.0", "-----", "__________", "1/ Includes Chief Military Observer." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire. Distr.", "GENERALE", "S/26646/Add.1", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. RAPPORT DU SECRETAIRE GENERAL CONCERNANT LA SITUATION", "EN ABKHAZIE (GEORGIE)", "Additif", "1. Dans mon rapport au Conseil de sécurité daté du 27 octobre 1993 (S/26646), j'ai indiqué, au paragraphe 11, que je présenterais dans un additif les incidences financières de l'opération décrite au paragraphe 10 dudit rapport.", "2. Au cas où le Conseil de sécurité approuverait ma recommandation tendant à proroger le mandat de la Mission d'observation des Nations Unies en Géorgie (MONUG) avec maintien de ses effectifs actuels (1 observateur militaire en chef, 4 observateurs militaires et 6 fonctionnaires internationaux) pendant une période de trois mois, on estime qu'il en résulterait des coûts d'un montant total net de 612 000 dollars pour l'ensemble de cette période et de 204 000 dollars par mois par la suite. Une ventilation de ces coûts estimatifs par grandes catégories de dépenses est fournie, pour information, dans l'annexe au présent additif.", "3. Si le Conseil de sécurité décide d'approuver ma proposition, je recommanderai à l'Assemblée générale que les coûts afférents à cette opération soient considérés comme une dépense de l'Organisation devant être supportée par les Etats Membres, conformément au paragraphe 2 de l'Article 17 de la Charte des Nations Unies, et que les contributions mises en recouvrement auprès des Etats Membres soient portées au crédit du compte spécial de la MONUG qui sera créé à cette fin.", "Annexe", "Prévisions de dépenses de la Mission d'observation des Nations Unies", "en Géorgie pour une période de trois mois", "(En milliers de dollars des Etats‑Unis)", "Poste de dépense Montant", "1. Observateurs militaires 68.0", "2. Personnel civil¹ 342.0", "3. Location et entretien de locaux 53.0", "4. Opérations de transport 25.0", "5. Transmissions 48.0", "6.Fournitures et services divers et dépenses d'appui 76.0", "Total 612.0", "¹ Y compris l'observateur militaire en chef.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26646/Add.1", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL CONCERNING", "THE SITUATION IN ABKHAZIA, GEORGIA", "Addendum", "1. In my report to the Security Council of 27 October 1993 (S/26646), I indicated in paragraph 11 that I would submit an addendum to the report stating the financial implications of the operation as described in paragraph 10 of the report.", "2. Should the Security Council approve my recommendation for the continuation of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) at its present strength of Chief Military Observer, four military observers and six international staff for a further three months, it is estimated that the total cost would amount to $612,000 gross for the period. The monthly cost thereafter would amount to $204,000 gross. A breakdown of the estimated cost by main categories of expenditure is provided for information purposes in the annex to the present addendum.", "3. It would be my recommendation to the General Assembly, should the Security Council decide to approve my recommendation, that the costs relating thereto should be considered an expense of the Organization to be borne by Member States in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations and that the assessments to be levied on Member States should be credited to the UNOMIG special account to be established for that purpose.", "93-60752 (E) 031193 /...", "Annex", "Cost estimates of the United Nations Observer", "Mission in Georgia for a three-month period", "(Thousands of United States dollars)", "Serial Amount", "1. Military observers 68.0", "2. Civilian personnel 1/ 342.0", "3. Premises, rental and maintenance 53.0", "4. Transport operations 25.0", "5. Communications 48.0", "6. Miscellaneous supplies, services, and support costs 76.0", "Total 612.0", "-----", "__________", "1/ Includes Chief Military Observer." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary.Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26646/Add.1", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE SITUATION", "IN ABKHAZIA (GEORGIA)", "Addendum", "1.In my report to the Security Council dated 27 October 1993 (S/26646), I indicated in paragraph 11 that I would present in an addendum the financial implications of the operation described in paragraph 10 of the report.", "2.Should the Security Council approve my recommendation to extend the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) with the continuation of its current strength (1 Chief Military Observer, 4 Military Observers and 6 International Staff) for a period of three months, it is estimated that the resulting net cost would amount to $612,000 for the entire period and $204,000 per month thereafter.A breakdown of these estimated costs by major categories of expenditure is provided for information purposes in the annex to the present addendum.", "3.Should the Security Council decide to approve my proposal, I will recommend to the General Assembly that the costs of this operation be considered an expense of the Organization to be borne by Member States, in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations, and that the assessed contributions to Member States be credited to the special account of UNOMIG to be established for that purpose.", "Council", "Cost estimates for the United Nations Observer Mission in the Sudan", "Georgia for a period of three months", "(Thousands of United States dollars)", "Expenditure item Amount", "1.Military observers 68.0", "2.Civilian personnel1 342.0", "3.Rental and maintenance of premises 53.0", "4.Transport operations 25.0", "5.Transmissions 48.0", "6. Miscellaneous supplies and services and support costs 76.0", "Total 612.0", "1 Including the Chief Military Observer.", "-----" ]	"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"
"T9r7jOJXk+78i4utxoyx5POZ2kXrsx70mG2e5boJnf8="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26646/Add.1", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL CONCERNING", "THE SITUATION IN ABKHAZIA, GEORGIA", "Addendum", "1. In my report to the Security Council of 27 October 1993 (S/26646), I indicated in paragraph 11 that I would submit an addendum to the report stating the financial implications of the operation as described in paragraph 10 of the report.", "2. Should the Security Council approve my recommendation for the continuation of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) at its present strength of Chief Military Observer, four military observers and six international staff for a further three months, it is estimated that the total cost would amount to $612,000 gross for the period. The monthly cost thereafter would amount to $204,000 gross. A breakdown of the estimated cost by main categories of expenditure is provided for information purposes in the annex to the present addendum.", "3. It would be my recommendation to the General Assembly, should the Security Council decide to approve my recommendation, that the costs relating thereto should be considered an expense of the Organization to be borne by Member States in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations and that the assessments to be levied on Member States should be credited to the UNOMIG special account to be established for that purpose.", "93-60752 (E) 031193 /...", "Annex", "Cost estimates of the United Nations Observer", "Mission in Georgia for a three-month period", "(Thousands of United States dollars)", "Serial Amount", "1. Military observers 68.0", "2. Civilian personnel 1/ 342.0", "3. Premises, rental and maintenance 53.0", "4. Transport operations 25.0", "5. Communications 48.0", "6. Miscellaneous supplies, services, and support costs 76.0", "Total 612.0", "-----", "__________", "1/ Includes Chief Military Observer." ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26646/Add.1", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "INFORME DEL SECRETARIO GENERAL SOBRE LA SITUACION", "EN ABJASIA (GEORGIA)", "Adición", "1. En el párrafo 11 del informe de fecha 27 de octubre de 1993 que presenté al Consejo de Seguridad (S/26646), señalé que presentaría una adición a ese informe que expusiera las consecuencias financieras de la operación que se describía en el párrafo 10 del informe.", "2. En caso de que el Consejo de Seguridad aprobara mi recomendación para la continuación de la Misión de Observadores de las Naciones Unidas en Georgia (UNOMIG) como está constituida actualmente, a saber por un Observador Militar Jefe, cuatro observadores militares y seis funcionarios internacionales por otros tres meses, se estima que la operación tendría un costo total de 612.000 dólares en cifras brutas por ese período. A partir de ese momento, el costo mensual ascendería a 204.000 dólares en cifras brutas. En el anexo de la presente adición se proporciona con fines de información un desglose del costo estimado por categorías principales de gastos.", "3. En caso de que el Consejo de Seguridad aprobara mi recomendación, recomendaría a la Asamblea General que los costos relacionados con la operación se consideraran gastos de la Organización que sufragarían los Estados Miembros de conformidad con el párrafo 2 del Artículo 17 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y que las cuotas que se recaudasen de los Estados Miembros se ingresaran a una cuenta especial que se crearía con ese fin.", "ANEXO", "Costo estimado de la Misión de Observadores de las Naciones Unidas", "en Georgia por un período de tres meses", "(En miles de dólares de los EE.UU.)", "Concepto Monto", "1. Observadores militares 68,0", "2. Personal civil[1] 342,0", "3. Locales, alquiler y mantenimiento 53,0", "4. Operaciones de transporte 25,0", "5. Comunicaciones 48,0", "6. Suministros diversos, servicios y gastos de apoyo 76,0", "Total 612,0", "-----", "[1] Incluye el Observador Militar Jefe." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "KEY IN THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND ADJUST TAB IF NECESSARY. Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26646/Add.1", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL CONCERNING", "THE SITUATION IN ABKHAZIA, GEORGIA", "Addendum", "1. In my report to the Security Council of 27 October 1993 (S/26646), I indicated in paragraph 11 that I would submit an addendum to the report stating the financial implications of the operation as described in paragraph 10 of the report.", "2. Should the Security Council approve my recommendation for the continuation of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) at its present strength of Chief Military Observer, four military observers and six international staff for a further three months, it is estimated that the total cost would amount to $612,000 gross for the period. The monthly cost thereafter would amount to $204,000 gross. A breakdown of the estimated cost by main categories of expenditure is provided for information purposes in the annex to the present addendum.", "3. It would be my recommendation to the General Assembly, should the Security Council decide to approve my recommendation, that the costs relating thereto should be considered an expense of the Organization to be borne by Member States in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations and that the assessments to be levied on Member States should be credited to the UNOMIG special account to be established for that purpose.", "93-60752 (E) 031193 /...", "Annex", "Cost estimates of the United Nations Observer", "Mission in Georgia for a three-month period", "(Thousands of United States dollars)", "Serial Amount", "1. Military observers 68.0", "2. Civilian personnel 1/ 342.0", "3. Premises, rental and maintenance 53.0", "4. Transport operations 25.0", "5. Communications 48.0", "6. Miscellaneous supplies, services, and support costs 76.0", "Total 612.0", "-----", "__________", "1/ Includes Chief Military Observer." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S / 26646 / Add.1", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE SITUATION", "IN ABJASIA (GEORGIA)", "Addendum", "1.In paragraph 11 of my report to the Security Council of 27 October 1993 (S / 26646), I indicated that I would submit an addendum to that report that would provide the financial implications of the operation described in paragraph 10 of the report.", "2.Should the Security Council approve my recommendation for the continuation of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) as it currently consists of a Chief Military Observer, four military observers and six international staff for a further three months, it is estimated that the operation would cost a total of $612,000 gross for that period.The monthly cost would then be $204,000 gross.The annex to the present addendum provides for information a breakdown of the estimated cost by main categories of expenditure.", "3.Should the Security Council approve my recommendation, it would recommend to the General Assembly that the costs related to the operation be considered as expenses of the Organization to be borne by Member States in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations and that the assessments collected from Member States be entered into a special account to be created for that purpose.", "ANNEX", "Estimated cost of the United Nations Observer Mission", "in Georgia for a period of three months", "(Thousands of United States dollars)", "Amount", "1.Military observers 68.0", "2.Civilian personnel [1] 342.0", "3.Premises, rental and maintenance 53.0", "4.Transport operations 25.0", "5.Communications 48.0", "6.Miscellaneous supplies, services and support costs 76.0", "Total 612.0", "-----", "[1]Includes the Chief Military Observer." ]	"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"
"loIzdRmzmP4vYokj8XCPaq2yNRFsB+4Qm4MFgd/LRkM="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et déplacer le tab si nécessaire. Distr.", "GENERALE", "S/26646/Add.1", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS. RAPPORT DU SECRETAIRE GENERAL CONCERNANT LA SITUATION", "EN ABKHAZIE (GEORGIE)", "Additif", "1. Dans mon rapport au Conseil de sécurité daté du 27 octobre 1993 (S/26646), j'ai indiqué, au paragraphe 11, que je présenterais dans un additif les incidences financières de l'opération décrite au paragraphe 10 dudit rapport.", "2. Au cas où le Conseil de sécurité approuverait ma recommandation tendant à proroger le mandat de la Mission d'observation des Nations Unies en Géorgie (MONUG) avec maintien de ses effectifs actuels (1 observateur militaire en chef, 4 observateurs militaires et 6 fonctionnaires internationaux) pendant une période de trois mois, on estime qu'il en résulterait des coûts d'un montant total net de 612 000 dollars pour l'ensemble de cette période et de 204 000 dollars par mois par la suite. Une ventilation de ces coûts estimatifs par grandes catégories de dépenses est fournie, pour information, dans l'annexe au présent additif.", "3. Si le Conseil de sécurité décide d'approuver ma proposition, je recommanderai à l'Assemblée générale que les coûts afférents à cette opération soient considérés comme une dépense de l'Organisation devant être supportée par les Etats Membres, conformément au paragraphe 2 de l'Article 17 de la Charte des Nations Unies, et que les contributions mises en recouvrement auprès des Etats Membres soient portées au crédit du compte spécial de la MONUG qui sera créé à cette fin.", "Annexe", "Prévisions de dépenses de la Mission d'observation des Nations Unies", "en Géorgie pour une période de trois mois", "(En milliers de dollars des Etats‑Unis)", "Poste de dépense Montant", "1. Observateurs militaires 68.0", "2. Personnel civil¹ 342.0", "3. Location et entretien de locaux 53.0", "4. Opérations de transport 25.0", "5. Transmissions 48.0", "6.Fournitures et services divers et dépenses d'appui 76.0", "Total 612.0", "¹ Y compris l'observateur militaire en chef.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26646/Add.1", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "INFORME DEL SECRETARIO GENERAL SOBRE LA SITUACION", "EN ABJASIA (GEORGIA)", "Adición", "1. En el párrafo 11 del informe de fecha 27 de octubre de 1993 que presenté al Consejo de Seguridad (S/26646), señalé que presentaría una adición a ese informe que expusiera las consecuencias financieras de la operación que se describía en el párrafo 10 del informe.", "2. En caso de que el Consejo de Seguridad aprobara mi recomendación para la continuación de la Misión de Observadores de las Naciones Unidas en Georgia (UNOMIG) como está constituida actualmente, a saber por un Observador Militar Jefe, cuatro observadores militares y seis funcionarios internacionales por otros tres meses, se estima que la operación tendría un costo total de 612.000 dólares en cifras brutas por ese período. A partir de ese momento, el costo mensual ascendería a 204.000 dólares en cifras brutas. En el anexo de la presente adición se proporciona con fines de información un desglose del costo estimado por categorías principales de gastos.", "3. En caso de que el Consejo de Seguridad aprobara mi recomendación, recomendaría a la Asamblea General que los costos relacionados con la operación se consideraran gastos de la Organización que sufragarían los Estados Miembros de conformidad con el párrafo 2 del Artículo 17 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y que las cuotas que se recaudasen de los Estados Miembros se ingresaran a una cuenta especial que se crearía con ese fin.", "ANEXO", "Costo estimado de la Misión de Observadores de las Naciones Unidas", "en Georgia por un período de tres meses", "(En miles de dólares de los EE.UU.)", "Concepto Monto", "1. Observadores militares 68,0", "2. Personal civil[1] 342,0", "3. Locales, alquiler y mantenimiento 53,0", "4. Operaciones de transporte 25,0", "5. Comunicaciones 48,0", "6. Suministros diversos, servicios y gastos de apoyo 76,0", "Total 612,0", "-----", "[1] Incluye el Observador Militar Jefe." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and move the tab if necessary.Distr.", "GENERAL", "S/26646/Add.1", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE SITUATION", "IN ABKHAZIA (GEORGIA)", "Addendum", "1.In my report to the Security Council dated 27 October 1993 (S/26646), I indicated in paragraph 11 that I would present in an addendum the financial implications of the operation described in paragraph 10 of the report.", "2.Should the Security Council approve my recommendation to extend the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) with the continuation of its current strength (1 Chief Military Observer, 4 Military Observers and 6 International Staff) for a period of three months, it is estimated that the resulting net cost would amount to $612,000 for the entire period and $204,000 per month thereafter.A breakdown of these estimated costs by major categories of expenditure is provided for information purposes in the annex to the present addendum.", "3.Should the Security Council decide to approve my proposal, I will recommend to the General Assembly that the costs of this operation be considered an expense of the Organization to be borne by Member States, in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations, and that the assessed contributions to Member States be credited to the special account of UNOMIG to be established for that purpose.", "Council", "Cost estimates for the United Nations Observer Mission in the Sudan", "Georgia for a period of three months", "(Thousands of United States dollars)", "Expenditure item Amount", "1.Military observers 68.0", "2.Civilian personnel1 342.0", "3.Rental and maintenance of premises 53.0", "4.Transport operations 25.0", "5.Transmissions 48.0", "6. Miscellaneous supplies and services and support costs 76.0", "Total 612.0", "1 Including the Chief Military Observer.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "GENERAL", "S / 26646 / Add.1", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE SITUATION", "IN ABJASIA (GEORGIA)", "Addendum", "1.In paragraph 11 of my report to the Security Council of 27 October 1993 (S / 26646), I indicated that I would submit an addendum to that report that would provide the financial implications of the operation described in paragraph 10 of the report.", "2.Should the Security Council approve my recommendation for the continuation of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) as it currently consists of a Chief Military Observer, four military observers and six international staff for a further three months, it is estimated that the operation would cost a total of $612,000 gross for that period.The monthly cost would then be $204,000 gross.The annex to the present addendum provides for information a breakdown of the estimated cost by main categories of expenditure.", "3.Should the Security Council approve my recommendation, it would recommend to the General Assembly that the costs related to the operation be considered as expenses of the Organization to be borne by Member States in accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations and that the assessments collected from Member States be entered into a special account to be created for that purpose.", "ANNEX", "Estimated cost of the United Nations Observer Mission", "in Georgia for a period of three months", "(Thousands of United States dollars)", "Amount", "1.Military observers 68.0", "2.Civilian personnel [1] 342.0", "3.Premises, rental and maintenance 53.0", "4.Transport operations 25.0", "5.Communications 48.0", "6.Miscellaneous supplies, services and support costs 76.0", "Total 612.0", "-----", "[1]Includes the Chief Military Observer." ]	"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"
"FT/U+npMSAV6b972mfOvtGqsaJdFNr/Joqxr27E3txE="	en	fr	[ "Distr.", "RESTRICTED", "HBP/GE.2/R.22", "3 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "COMMITTEE ON HUMAN SETTLEMENTS", "Meeting of Experts on Human Settlements", "Problems in Southern Europe", "Nicosia (Cyprus)", "6-8 June 1994", "PLANNING FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT", "IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES", "Basic discussion paper prepared by the delegation of Cyprus", "Background ‑ Redefinition of the subject", "1. During the preparatory phase, the need arose for revising both the title and the contents of the initial proposal of Cyprus to deal with \"Tourism and Planning\", the original subject of discussion for the 18th meeting to be held on the island in 1994. This initial proposal expressed the need to:", "Identify specificities and similarities between southern European countries which dictate their cooperation on tourism;", "Propose ways of renewing and revitalizing their tourist product in order to make it robust, viable and lasting;", "Determine the most appropriate physical planning measures for controlling and guiding future tourist development.", "GE.93-32997 (E)", "2. The change to \"Planning for sustainable tourist development in Mediterranean countries\" is a result of the prevalent European concern with sustainable development policies. More specifically, delegations have expressed the wish to continue the discussions of the Luxembourg Symposium on Planning for Sustainable Tourism Development and cover additional topics of special interest. Furthermore, the Cyprus meeting has recently been linked with the international meeting held in Hyères (France), in September 1993, on the problems of tourism and sustainable development in the Mediterranean countries. Consequently, the formulation of the Cyprus proposal could cover the following topics which seem to attract the interest of participating countries:", "(a) Review of the concept, the aims and the problems of sustainable development in relation to tourism;", "(b) An integrative approach to sustainable tourism development from the point of view of Mediterranean countries.", "Introduction", "3. Southern Europe and particularly the countries around the Mediterranean basin are traditional \"sea and sun\" tourist destinations. The number of tourists is still increasing at the expense of natural and human resources, although income does not grow proportionally. This pattern of economic growth, which does not involve wider development and disregards the long‑term environmental and social implications, causes an irreparable progressive degradation of the tourist product (impoverished, commonplace and non‑competitive). This trend, added to stagnating growth rates and monolithic, sea‑oriented, tourist accommodation, leads to a one‑way process with very limited chances of repair, if not addressed comprehensively and rationally. However, the control of these dynamics requires not only prior cooperation and coordination between countries, agencies and actors involved and a substantial \"immaterial\" investment, as already discussed at Luxembourg, but also ways of restructuring and renewing the tourist product within the concept of sustainable development.", "4. Due to the complex constraints inherent in tourism development, very few countries have succeeded in diverting that development to more integrated and productive forms of tourism. Unfortunately, in most cases, the expansion of tourism preceded the implementation of planning policies. Even policies that were in the end adopted now fall short of the principle of sustainable development. Their major deficiencies concern the lack of an integrative approach, involving other complementary activities and services related to tourism, and their failure to deal with the existing incoherence between environmental, social and economic development. One of the major consequences is the development imbalances and discrepancies between regions and between coastal and hinterland areas, which are a by‑product of the absence of a regional planning approach and of the lack of innovative and comprehensive programmes which could promote tourism in the countryside. Such programmes could exploit the comparative advantages of inland areas and promote attraction poles based on selected features or themes (nature, culture, architecture, agriculture, etc.). The end result of the current approach is the uncontrolled concentration of tourism in certain areas, with adverse environmental impacts. It exerts pressure on all local resources, irreversibly damages landscapes and natural resources and generates pollution.", "5. All these problems are now attracting increasing attention, while some older tourist destinations have already fallen into disuse because of environmental degradation. The local population as well as tourists are increasingly aware of the need to maintain a high quality environment and develop approaches that preserve natural resources. It is widely admitted that local environmental systems and local culture help to form the identity of tourist destinations and, when properly preserved, promote the long‑term viability of the tourist product. These elements tend to be common to all Mediterranean countries. At the same time, they mark some of their subtle specificities and differences. It is therefore important to know how to build on these specificities and on the Mediterranean character. It is also important to consider tourism as a means for achieving environmental and cultural conservation, which is the essence of sustainable tourism development. Such an approach is imperative nowadays, as no one would question the need for tourism, because of its economic benefits, nor the need for protecting environmental and cultural systems which support the tourist industry. It is even more urgent for the Mediterranean region, which is facing not only an international economic crisis but also increasing competition from other overseas tourist destinations on the basis of price, quality and originality of the tourist product.", "6. The objective of the 18th meeting is to review the concept, the aims and the problems of sustainable tourist development from the point of view of the Mediterranean countries and to look into the different approaches to its promotion, including past experiences and the methods used so far. It also invites participating countries to examine, discuss and further develop this review, to help identify problems and define relevant policies, and to enlighten this meeting with some of their own examples.", "I. REVIEW OF THE CONCEPT, THE AIMS AND THE PROBLEMS", "OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS RELATED TO TOURISM", "7. The concept of sustainable development advocates leaving to future generations a stock of natural resources at least equal to that inherited from previous generations. It means achieving the necessary reconciliation and compensation between human activities, development and environmental protection on a long‑term basis. Aiming at optimum environmental management, this concept makes allusion to the factors of time, adaptability and overall balance and calls for the integration of environmental considerations into development policies. The same principle also applies to human resources (local cultures, traditions, etc.) whose sustainable use has to be taken equally into account. In this sense the concept of sustainability applied to tourism implies long‑term reconciliation between tourist development and the protection of natural and cultural heritage.", "8. From the lines of action adopted by the European Community on environment, sustainable development and tourism (i.e. diversification of tourist activities, enhancement of the quality of tourist services and action towards tourist behaviour) and from the priorities of the UN/ECE Committee on Human Settlements, it would be possible to retain for discussion the aim of achieving an environmental balance and controlling tourist numbers, the aim of alleviating problems in already developed areas (mainly coastal) and the aim of diversifying the tourist product and promoting new integrated and specialized forms of tourism.", "A. Achieving environmental balance and controlling tourist numbers", "9. This aim does not only imply the full protection of certain essential ecosystems but it also means that the \"nature capital\" is somehow preserved globally, a piece lost in one place is reconstituted elsewhere. In addition, environmental balance refers to levels of environmental impact and carrying capacities of areas being or to be developed. It also refers to the control of the number of tourist arrivals and the hotel accommodation capacity, and the need for environmental impact assessment studies. Considering the various types of pollution generated by tourism, these aims encourage the development of environmental protection technologies and techniques. Finally, the general objective of the concept of environmental balance relates to the minimization of classic, non‑integrated and land‑consuming forms of tourism development and the promotion of environment‑oriented tourism.", "10. The application of the principles and remarks mentioned above to areas where saturation levels have already been reached, stresses the importance for controlling progressive growth. However, even if restricting the number of tourist beds is feasible (either by imposing a moratorium on new hotel projects or by implementing a set of planning control and fiscal measures), the control of tourist flows is a difficult task and can be achieved only partially by introducing indirect measures (i.e. price policies, packages including always both trip and accommodation, extension of tourist season, etc.). Nevertheless, the question remains whether all these measures are reliable and effective for balancing the growth of tourism with the country's overall pace of development and giving the product a new lease of life. At a local level, the factors defining the carrying capacity are usually misleading (i.e. beach capacity, labour force availability, contact ratio between tourists and local population, etc.), because they are either taken into account one by one or because they are not exhaustive. It is therefore necessary to reach a consensus on the criteria for defining saturation levels and environmentally reasonable capacity and on the measures for ensuring that this capacity is not exceeded. Finally, pollution, as one of the major environmental problems of tourist urbanization, has to be tackled rationally and comprehensively. Classic solutions such as sewerage systems and solid‑waste processing still need technological assistance and proper planning in order to meet present needs.", "B.Alleviating problems in already developed areas (mainly coastal)", "11. Overcrowded beaches and urbanization of the coastal ribbon zones, inadequacy and obsolescence of the existing tourist product, insufficient provision of tourist ancillary facilities and services and conflicts with other land uses are some of the major problems of tourism within already developed areas which need to be alleviated. Tourist zones annexed to towns become totally dependent on them in spite of their relative distance, when neighbouring inland areas remain unexploited, underdeveloped and almost abandoned. All these problems persist and worsen, while visitors and urban dwellers increasingly seek tourist products integrating environmental aspects.", "12. Measures to fight these problems, such as the extension of sandy beaches or the reduction of building densities, do not really offer long‑term solutions. At the same time, tourist ancillary services need space and cannot be provided within already developed areas (where high land values become an additional disincentive), making difficult any attempt towards the restructuring of the existing product. All these constraints call for a new use of adjacent inner zones which could support and supplement coastal development. The constraints also call for strategic choices among alternative urban development forms. They could provide physical and functional continuity of coastal tourist zones with nearby towns, by improving roads and public transport. Alternatively, accepting the physical separation of two distinctive entities imposes the re‑evaluation of current development patterns and a need for allocating adequate facilities and services to tourist zones. However, the question whether sustainable tourism development could be envisaged in an urban context and what kind of supporting facilities could be provided in order to meet new expectations and aspirations of users, remains without a definite answer.", "C.Diversifying the tourist product and promoting new integrated and specialized forms of tourism", "13. The aim is to widen the range of tourist facilities and services and provide new forms of the product (ecotourism, agrotourism, etc.) which better respect local structures and distribute the socio‑economic benefits from tourism to the indigenous population. This opens the way to the long‑term viability of tourist development and should therefore be the aim of any Mediterranean tourist policy. Countries are already showing an interest in competing by highlighting their specificities and unique character in the hope of a rosier future. However, the success of this action will also depend on the level of response by private investors, which will be decisive in this change of direction.", "14. Experience indicates that benefits from the growing market of nature and ecotourism are limited. Its economic contribution is small in comparison to mass package tourism and the degradation of natural and human (social and cultural) resources on which it depends. Furthermore, the growth of ecotourism indicates that, without careful management, it could result in the destruction of the world's most ecologically fragile areas. Agrotourism, on the other hand, has often been misinterpreted as a programme for rural revitalization through the renovation of traditional buildings. Everywhere, in an attempt to adapt to tourist tastes, folklore and local culture have been uprooted and distorted. In addition, there is a widespread belief that Mediterranean countries have been largely dependent upon coastal tourism and that it will be difficult to diversify. It is therefore important that countries evaluate their tourist resources (natural, cultural and human), as well as their existing infrastructure and facilities, in order to plan for their best exploitation and optimum use in time and in space. It is also necessary to experiment with innovative and imaginative aspects of tourism within sustainable development and promote the use of the hinterland for tourist purposes. Finally, it is essential to prove that the end product is at least as important and economically justified as the one which it must complement. The thrust of this strategy is to concentrate on applied and well integrated programmes and projects which promote innovative, specialized or multifunctional tourist products and generate various networks, agricultural, industrial, technological and others, which contribute to a wider distribution of income and related benefits.", "II. AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT", "FOR MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES", "15. The tourist industry serves a huge number of travellers and covers such diverse activities as transport, accommodation, entertainment and catering. It needs a global approach in order to achieve sustainable development. The need for short‑term benefits and durable assets justifies the wider integration and harmonization of tourism with other related activities and services so as to benefit the host communities. Complementary and related activities and services depending on tourism should be taken into account or planned together to make them more productive, promote self‑sustained development, provide the necessary infrastructure and services and ensure respect for nature and culture.", "16. Unfortunately the desirable synergy between all these development factors is not easily achieved and planning for tourism is usually tackled in isolation. The non‑integrative approach makes the tourist industry vulnerable and non‑viable in the long run. The incompatibility with other economic sectors as well as the inadaptability, inflexibility and insufficiency of tourist products make tourism totally dependent on international changes and turn it into a permanent consumer of natural and human resources. Thus, additional labour force in the tourist sector is becoming increasingly scarce; the import of goods for tourist purposes is still increasing; the tourist product is often confined exclusively to accommodation; infrastructure and services are out of date and the natural and cultural heritage is wasting away.", "17. Natural and cultural conservation relates to mild forms of tourism development, evenly distributed spatially, architecturally familiar and improving or restoring the environment and widely opened to the natural, patrimonial and cultural potentialities of the country. Environmental management techniques and technologies must become a fundamental instrument for nature conservation. Cultural conservation has to contribute not only to the observation but also to the understanding of local customs and cultural identities.", "18. In order to stress the value of the natural and cultural heritage in the Mediterranean, efforts should take advantage of the Mediterranean climate and variety of scenary, which could support various forms of tourism (winter, business, \"green\", etc.) to solve any problem of seasonality. Still, the presence of islands, easily connected to the continent, offers opportunities for alternative products based on their insular nature, the notion of microcosms, the sensation of depaysement etc. Original natural features, biotopes and ecosystems such as cascades, lakes, marine parks and wildlife reserves could become attraction points for observation and scientific study. Furthermore, the Mediterranean, being the cradle of civilization, offers endless possibilities to promote its rich archaeological heritage and ancient monuments, its traditional urban and rural settlements, its man‑made artefacts, but also its handicraft, folklore and customs.", "19. The involvement of other activities implies the support and further development of marine, agricultural, industrial and commercial activities which supply the tourist sector. In this sense, tourist products could generate employment and encourage the creation of local enterprises. On the other hand, some of these activities could become part of the product, if the participation of tourists in traditional methods of production is encouraged or if they are transformed into tourist attractions.", "20. This approach gives priority to traditional small or medium‑sized agricultural and animal husbandry units, to fishing and to small industrial enterprises in order to meet tourist needs with local production and encourage local development. On the other hand, activities such as mining, horticulture, wine production could become tourist attractions in their own right.", "21. The provision of infrastructure and services such as transport, communications, leisure, information and other tourist commodities is considered essential in the conception and the overall structuring of the tourist product. This wide range of ancillary facilities which supports tourism directly or indirectly constitutes the canvas upon which tourism development takes place. It enriches the product, offering alternative outlets and provides its necessary connections.", "22. The tourist infrastructure and services within the Mediterranean need extensive improvements and drastic renewal, since the area has long been devoted to tourism and these investments have become either redundant or incompatible with current tourist preferences. Transport and communication facilities need to be further developed in the hinterland and between, as well as within, islands where special attention has to be given to the quality, the efficiency and the integration of these networks providing all necessary links (coast‑hinterland, coast‑islands etc.). Tourist facilities should not only concern entertainment and catering but should extend into information, eduction and even the active participation of visitors. Such facilities should be primarily based on local themes and features, affirming the originality and ensuring the competitivity of the product. They could be based on natural parks and the preserving of local fauna and flora and offer accommodation in traditional villages providing scientific knowledge about the area and involving visitors in the local customs and production. Other types of products could rely on the climatic advantages, for example combining hill and coastal resorts (skiing and water‑skiing, nautical and \"green\" tourism) or focusing on sports and health spas.", "23. The use of technologies and innovations plays a significant role since tourism is considered as a radically developing sector. Its links with other activities and services call for improvements and increased productivity and efficiency. Innovation and technological development could improve the environment, help in the fight against pollution, minimize the use of energy and water, advance waste‑processing methods, promote new forms of agriculture, provide innovative types of tourist services and products. Similar benefits could also arise in the transport and communication sector or elsewhere, aiming to reduce costs and optimize the use of local resources.", "24. The primary target of innovations and technologies for tourism in the Mediterranean should be the protection of the environment, especially the marine environment. Technology could help in the ecological monitoring of the purification of already affected areas and in the control of polluters. Furthermore, progress is expected in bioclimatic architecture, integrated solar systems, water and waste recycling, reafforestation, etc. Technologies could also be used to improve public transport, to adapt traditional types of public transport and to introduce new types of energy. Improvements in tourist services and products must focus on their instructive role and their eventual use throughout the year (e.g. appreciation of the seabed, automatic information posts).", "III. CONCLUSIONS AND POINTS FOR DISCUSSION", "25. Success in planning for sustainable tourist development depends largely on the extent of its integrative approach, but also on its functional structure ensuring continuity and balance between various products. This explains the failure of some projects which have proved not to be viable despite their conceptual interest. It is not sufficient to produce original ideas. It is equally essential to anticipate adequate support (natural, human, technological), foresee the limits, and establish links and complementarity with other products.", "26. Taking a comprehensive approach to planning for all the elements mentioned earlier is not easy. It is therefore necessary to focus on pilot projects which can evolve gradually as separate pieces of a puzzle. These projects should exploit local potentialities and themes within the context of sustainable development. Practice has shown that the spreading of actions or a sectoral tourism approach within a specific theme does not always have the expected results. Planning for tourism is becoming a process of well targeted and consecutive actions, allowing the creation of local networks which could expand or be integrated together.", "27. Several countries have already worked on new products and advanced their programmes of sustainable local development. Their experience and know‑how could prove extremely helpful for the other Mediterranean countries. However, it is important to stress that the main challenge and the aim of this input is to generate new ideas.", "28. In view of the aims, limits and principles of sustainable tourism development, the following topics could be discussed at the meeting in Cyprus:", "(a) Innovative types of products and tourist facilities adapted to the Mediterranean space and climate;", "(b) Tourism and sustainable development in relation to urban restructuring and the use of adjacent inner zones;", "(c) Enlargement of networks of tourism‑related activities and tourist products deriving from them;", "(d) Technological assistance to tourism development in the Mediterranean region;", "(e) Examples of regional functional structures involving various types of tourist products;", "(f) Planning control measures regarding coastal tourism development;", "(g) Carrying capacity, criteria for defining saturation levels and measures for safeguarding them.", "-----" ]	[ "Distr.", "RESTREINTE", "HBP/GE.2/R.22", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "Original : ANGLAIS", "COMITE DES ETABLISSEMENTS HUMAINS", "Réunion d'experts des problèmes", "de l'habitat en Europe méridionale", "Nicosie (Chypre), 6-8 juin 1994", "PLANIFICATION D'UN DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE", "DU TOURISME DANS LES PAYS MEDITERRANEENS", "Document de travail de base", "rédigé par la délégation chypriote", "Historique - Nouvelle définition de la question", "1. Durant la phase préparatoire, il est apparu nécessaire de modifier aussi bien le titre que le contenu de la proposition initiale de Chypre concernant la question à étudier lors de la dix‑huitième réunion qui doit se tenir sur cette île en 1994. Le titre retenu à l'origine était \"Tourisme et planification\" et il s'agissait :", "-De répertorier les particularités des pays d'Europe méridionale ainsi que les similitudes qui existent entre eux et qui conditionnent leur coopération dans le domaine du tourisme;", "-De proposer des moyens de renouveler et de relancer leur tourisme pour en faire un produit solide, viable et durable;", "-De déterminer les mesures d'aménagement du territoire les plus appropriées pour encadrer et diriger le développement touristique dans l'avenir.", "GE.93-32998 (F)", "2. Le remplacement du titre initial par celui de \"Planification du développement durable du tourisme dans les pays méditerranéens\" traduit l'importance qui est accordée aujourd'hui en Europe aux politiques de développement durable. Plus précisément, les délégations ont exprimé le voeu de poursuivre les discussions engagées lors du Colloque de Luxembourg sur la planification du développement du tourisme du point de vue des pays méditerranéens et d'aborder de nouveaux thèmes présentant un intérêt particulier. En outre, un lien a été établi récemment entre la réunion de Chypre et la réunion internationale qui s'est tenue à Hyères (France) en septembre 1993 et qui a porté sur les problèmes du tourisme et du développement durable dans les pays méditerranéens. La proposition chypriote pourrait donc être formulée de façon à englober les thèmes ci‑après qui semblent susciter l'intérêt des pays participants :", "a) Analyse du concept de développement durable dans le domaine du tourisme ainsi que des objectifs visés et des problèmes rencontrés;", "b) Approche englobante du développement durable du tourisme du point de vue des pays méditerranéens.", "Introduction", "3. Les pays d'Europe méridionale, et en particulier ceux du bassin méditerranéen, constituent des destinations touristiques traditionnelles placées sous le signe de la mer et du soleil. Le nombre des touristes continue à augmenter au détriment des ressources naturelles et humaines mais les revenus ne s'accroissent pas dans les mêmes proportions. Ce scénario de croissance économique, qui n'implique pas un développement plus large et ne tient pas compte des conséquences environnementales et sociales à long terme, entraîne une dégradation progressive irréparable du \"produit\" touristique proposé qui s'appauvrit, se banalise et n'est plus compétitif. Cette évolution, ajoutée à la stagnation des taux de croissance et à la conception monolithique et axée sur la mer des structures d'hébergement des touristes, débouche sur un processus à sens unique et si les problèmes ne sont pas abordés de manière globale et rationnelle, les chances de les résoudre seront très limitées. Toutefois, la maîtrise de cette dynamique passe non seulement par une coopération et une coordination préalables entre les pays, les organismes et les acteurs concernés et par des investissements \"immatériels\" importants, comme on l'a déjà vu à Luxembourg, mais aussi par une restructuration et un renouvellement du tourisme dans l'optique d'un développement durable.", "4. En raison des problèmes complexes inhérents au développement du tourisme, très peu de pays ont réussi à aiguiller ce développement vers des formes de tourisme plus intégrées et plus productives. Malheureusement, dans la plupart des cas, l'expansion du tourisme a précédé l'application de politiques d'aménagement et même celles qui ont finalement été adoptées sont loin de répondre au principe du développement durable. Leurs principales insuffisances tiennent au fait qu'elles ne sont pas conçues dans une optique intégrée faisant intervenir d'autres activités et services complémentaires relatifs au tourisme et qu'elles ne parviennent pas à régler le problème de l'incohérence qui existe entre les différentes formes de développement (environnemental, social et économique). Cela se traduit notamment par des déséquilibres et des disparités en matière de développement entre les régions et entre les zones côtières et l'arrière‑pays et il faut voir là des effets secondaires de l'absence de vision régionale de la planification et de programmes détaillés et novateurs susceptibles de promouvoir le tourisme à la campagne. De tels programmes pourraient tirer parti des avantages comparatifs des zones situées à l'intérieur des terres et promouvoir des pôles d'attraction fondés sur certaines caractéristiques ou certains centres d'intérêt (nature, culture, architecture, agriculture, etc.). L'approche actuelle aboutit à une concentration anarchique des activités touristiques dans certaines zones, ce qui a des effets nocifs pour l'environnement car toutes les ressources locales sont fortement mises à contribution, les paysages et les ressources naturelles subissent des dommages irréversibles et il y a des phénomènes de pollution.", "5. Tous les problèmes qui viennent d'être mentionnés retiennent de plus en plus l'attention, alors même que certaines destinations touristiques traditionnelles commencent déjà à être désertées en raison de la détérioration de l'environnement. La population locale comme les touristes sont de plus en plus conscients de la nécessité de conserver un environnement de qualité et de trouver des solutions qui permettent de préserver les ressources naturelles. Il est largement admis que le patrimoine naturel local et la culture locale contribuent à façonner l'identité des destinations touristiques et, lorsqu'ils sont protégés comme il convient, à favoriser la viabilité à long terme du tourisme. Il s'agit là d'éléments qui, dans l'ensemble, sont communs à tous les pays méditerranéens mais qui, en même temps, soulignent quelques‑unes de leurs spécificités et des nuances subtiles qui les différencient. Il importe donc de savoir comment tirer parti de ces spécificités et du caractère méditerranéen. Il importe aussi d'envisager le tourisme comme un moyen de parvenir à assurer la protection de l'environnement et de la culture, ce qui est l'essence même d'un développement durable du tourisme. De nos jours, il est impératif d'agir de la sorte car nul ne saurait contester que le tourisme est nécessaire en raison des avantages économiques qu'il procure ni qu'il faut protéger le patrimoine naturel et culturel sur lequel s'appuie l'industrie du tourisme. C'est un impératif encore plus urgent pour la région méditerranéenne, qui doit faire face non seulement à une crise économique internationale mais aussi à la concurrence croissante d'autres destinations touristiques qui se distinguent par le prix, la qualité et l'originalité des produits proposés.", "6. La dix‑huitième réunion a pour objectif d'analyser le concept, les buts et les problèmes du développement touristique durable du point de vue des pays méditerranéens et d'examiner les différentes manières de favoriser ce développement, en tenant compte notamment des méthodes utilisées et des résultats obtenus jusqu'ici. Les pays participants sont en outre invités à examiner les résultats de cette analyse, à en débattre et à les approfondir pour contribuer à cerner les problèmes et à définir les politiques pertinentes et il serait bon qu'ils donnent des exemples révélateurs tirés de leur propre expérience.", "I.ANALYSE DU CONCEPT, DES OBJECTIFS ET DES PROBLEMES DU DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE DANS LE DOMAINE DU TOURISME", "7. Le développement durable repose sur l'idée qu'il faut léguer aux générations futures un stock de ressources naturelles au moins égal à celui que l'on a hérité des générations précédentes. Cela suppose que l'on parvienne à concilier durablement et de manière équilibrée les activités humaines, le développement et la protection de l'environnement. Il s'agit d'arriver à gérer l'environnement de façon optimale, ce qui demande du temps et des facultés d'adaptation, nécessite un équilibre général et exige de tenir compte des préoccupations relatives à l'environnement dans les politiques de développement. Le même principe s'applique aux ressources humaines (culture, traditions locales, etc.), dont l'utilisation durable doit également être prise en considération. En ce sens, le concept de durabilité appliqué au tourisme suppose que l'on concilie durablement le développement et la protection du patrimoine naturel et culturel.", "8. A partir des orientations adoptées par la Communauté européenne en matière d'environnement, de développement durable et de tourisme (c'est‑à‑dire la diversification des activités touristiques, l'amélioration de la qualité des services touristiques et l'adoption de mesures destinées à influer sur le comportement des touristes) ainsi que des priorités définies par le Comité des établissements humains de la CEE/ONU, il serait possible d'articuler le débat autour d'un triple objectif : premièrement, parvenir à un équilibre environnemental et limiter l'afflux de touristes, deuxièmement, atténuer les problèmes qui se posent dans les zones déjà développées (essentiellement les zones côtières) et, enfin, diversifier le tourisme et favoriser de nouvelles formes de tourisme intégrées et spécialisées.", "A.Premier objectif : instaurer un équilibre environnemental et limiter le nombre des touristes", "9. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il faut non seulement protéger entièrement certains écosystèmes essentiels, mais aussi préserver globalement le \"capital naturel\" d'une manière ou d'une autre, c'est-à-dire qu'un élément qui disparaît à un endroit doit être reconstitué ailleurs. En outre, lorsque l'on parle d'équilibre environnemental, on pense à l'importance des effets sur l'environnement et à la capacité d'accueil des zones à aménager ou en cours d'aménagement, ainsi qu'à la limitation du nombre de touristes et de la capacité hôtelière et à la nécessité d'études d'impact sur l'environnement. Compte tenu des divers types de pollution provoqués par le tourisme, il y a lieu d'encourager la mise au point de technologies et de techniques de protection de l'environnement. Enfin, l'objectif général de l'équilibre environnemental est de réduire au minimum les formes classiques du développement du tourisme, c'est-à-dire les formes non intégrées et grosses consommatrices de terrain, et de promouvoir le tourisme axé sur l'environnement.", "10. L'application des principes et des remarques susmentionnés à des zones où le niveau de saturation a déjà été atteint souligne l'importance d'une croissance progressive contrôlée. Toutefois, même s'il est possible de restreindre le nombre de lits destinés aux touristes (soit en imposant un moratoire sur les nouveaux projets hôteliers, soit en appliquant une série de mesures de réglementation de la planification et de mesures budgétaires), il est difficile de maîtriser l'afflux des touristes et on ne pourra y parvenir que partiellement en adoptant des mesures indirectes (c'est-à-dire par des politiques de prix, des forfaits comprenant toujours le voyage et l'hébergement, l'allongement de la saison touristique, etc.). Reste à savoir, cependant, si toutes ces mesures sont fiables et efficaces pour ce qui est de concilier la croissance du tourisme et le rythme global de développement du pays en donnant un nouveau souffle au tourisme. Au niveau local, les critères utilisés pour définir la capacité d'accueil sont en général trompeurs (qu'il s'agisse de la capacité des plages, des réserves de main‑d'oeuvre locale, de l'indicateur des contacts entre les touristes et la population locale, etc.), soit parce qu'ils sont pris en considération un par un, soit parce qu'ils ne sont pas complets. Il est donc nécessaire de parvenir à un consensus sur les critères à appliquer pour définir le niveau de saturation et la capacité d'accueil acceptable du point de vue de l'environnement, et de se mettre d'accord sur des mesures propres à faire en sorte que cette capacité ne soit pas dépassée. Enfin, il faut s'attaquer au problème de la pollution sous tous ses aspects et d'une manière rationnelle car il s'agit de l'un des principaux problèmes d'environnement causés par l'urbanisation touristique. Pour que les solutions classiques, telles que les réseaux d'assainissement et les installations de traitement des déchets solides, répondent aux besoins actuels, une assistance technologique et une planification adaptée restent nécessaires.", "B.Deuxième objectif : atténuer les problèmes dans les zones déjà aménagées (essentiellement les zones côtières)", "11. Plages surpeuplées et urbanisation linéaire des zones côtières, équipements touristiques insuffisants et vétustes, installations et services touristiques auxiliaires insuffisants et incompatibilité avec d'autres utilisations des sols, tels sont quelques-uns des principaux problèmes liés au tourisme qui se posent dans des zones déjà aménagées et qu'il faut atténuer. Les zones touristiques qui sont rattachées à des villes deviennent entièrement tributaires de ces dernières, même si elles en sont relativement éloignées, alors que les zones de l'arrière-pays toutes proches restent inexploitées et sous-développées et qu'elles sont pratiquement laissées à l'abandon. Tous ces problèmes persistent et s'aggravent, alors même que les habitants des villes et les touristes recherchent de plus en plus des produits touristiques tenant compte des questions d'environnement.", "12. Les mesures prises pour combattre ces problèmes, comme l'extension des plages de sable ou la réduction de la densité de construction, n'offrent pas vraiment de solutions à long terme. Par ailleurs, les services touristiques auxiliaires exigent de l'espace et ne peuvent pas être fournis dans les zones déjà aménagées (où le prix élevé des terrains exerce un effet dissuasif supplémentaire); cela rend difficile toute tentative visant à restructurer le produit existant. Tous ces obstacles exigent une nouvelle utilisation des zones adjacentes de l'arrière-pays qui pourrait permettre d'appuyer et de compléter l'aménagement des zones côtières. Ils obligent aussi à faire des choix stratégiques entre les diverses formes d'aménagement urbain. On peut envisager d'assurer la continuité physique et fonctionnelle entre les zones touristiques côtières et les villes voisines en améliorant les routes et les transports publics. Sinon, le fait d'accepter la séparation physique de deux entités distinctes impose de réévaluer les schémas d'aménagement actuels et de doter les zones touristiques d'installations et de services appropriés. Toutefois, aucune réponse précise n'a encore été apportée à la question de savoir s'il serait possible d'envisager un développement durable du tourisme dans un contexte urbain et quels types d'équipements d'appui pourraient être mis en place pour répondre aux nouvelles attentes et aspirations des utilisateurs.", "C.Troisième objectif : diversifier les produits touristiques et promouvoir de nouvelles formes de tourisme intégrées et spécialisées", "13. Il s'agit d'élargir la gamme des équipements et des services touristiques et d'offrir de nouveaux produits (écotourisme, agrotourisme, etc.) qui respectent mieux les structures locales et permettent de faire profiter la population locale des avantages socio-économiques du tourisme. Il y va de la viabilité à long terme du développement touristique et c'est pourquoi toute politique du tourisme dans les pays méditerranéens devrait tendre vers ce but. Il y a déjà un certaine émulation entre les pays qui mettent en valeur leurs spécificités et leur originalité dans l'espoir d'un avenir plus rose. Toutefois, la réussite de cette démarche dépendra aussi de la réaction des investisseurs privés qui sera décisive dans ce changement d'orientation.", "14. L'expérience montre que les effets bénéfiques de l'expansion du marché de la nature et de l'écotourisme sont limités. Le rôle économique de ce secteur est faible en regard de celui du tourisme de masse et de la détérioration des ressources naturelles et humaines (sociales et culturelles) dont celui‑ci dépend. En outre, le développement de l'écotourisme donne à penser que, sans une gestion rigoureuse, il pourrait aboutir à la destruction des régions du monde les plus fragiles du point de vue écologique. Quant à l'agrotourisme, on a souvent considéré à tort qu'il s'agissait d'un programme de revitalisation des zones rurales grâce à la rénovation de bâtiments traditionnels. Partout où l'on a tenté de s'adapter aux goûts des touristes, le folklore et la culture locale ont été coupés de leurs racines et dénaturés. En outre, selon une opinion largement répandue, les pays méditerranéens seraient lourdement tributaires du tourisme dans les zones côtières et il serait donc difficile d'opérer une diversification. C'est pourquoi il importe que les pays évaluent leurs ressources touristiques (naturelles, culturelles et humaines), ainsi que les infrastructures et les équipements existants afin de prendre des dispositions pour les exploiter au mieux et les utiliser de manière optimale dans le temps et dans l'espace. Il est également nécessaire d'expérimenter des formes de tourisme novatrices et inventives dans le cadre du développement durable et d'encourager l'exploitation de l'arrière-pays à des fins touristiques. Enfin, il est indispensable de prouver que le produit final est au moins aussi important et justifié du point de vue économique que celui qu'il doit compléter. L'idée directrice de cette stratégie est de concentrer les efforts sur des programmes et des projets concrets et bien intégrés propres à promouvoir des produits touristiques novateurs, spécialisés ou multifonctionnels, et à créer divers réseaux (agricoles, industriels, technologiques et autres) qui contribueront à répartir plus largement les revenus et les avantages connexes.", "II.APPROCHE ENGLOBANTE DU DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE DU TOURISME DANS LES PAYS MEDITERRANEENS", "15. L'industrie du tourisme est au service d'un nombre considérable de voyageurs et recouvre des activités aussi diverses que le transport, l'hébergement, les divertissements et la restauration. Une approche globale est nécessaire pour assurer un développement durable. Comme il faut à la fois obtenir des avantages à court terme et disposer d'atouts durables, il est justifié d'intégrer et d'harmoniser plus largement le tourisme et d'autres activités et services qui s'y rattachent de façon que les communautés hôtes puissent en bénéficier. Il faudrait prendre en considération ou planifier conjointement des activités et des services complémentaires ou apparentés dépendant du tourisme pour les rendre plus productifs, favoriser un développement autonome, mettre en place les infrastructures et les services nécessaires et veiller au respect de la nature et de la culture.", "16. Malheureusement, il n'est pas facile de réaliser la synergie souhaitable entre tous ces facteurs de développement et le tourisme fait généralement l'objet d'une planification séparée. Cette absence d'intégration fragilise l'industrie du tourisme et fait qu'elle ne peut pas être viable à long terme. L'incompatibilité avec les autres secteurs économiques ainsi que l'inadaptabilité, le manque de souplesse et l'insuffisance des produits touristiques rendent le tourisme entièrement tributaire des changements qui se produisent à l'échelon international et en font un consommateur permanent de ressources naturelles et humaines. En conséquence, la main‑d'oeuvre supplémentaire nécessaire à ce secteur est de plus en plus rare; l'importation de marchandises à des fins touristiques ne cesse de s'accroître et l'offre touristique se limite souvent exclusivement à l'hébergement. Les infrastructures et les services sont archaïques et le patrimoine naturel et culturel est mis à mal.", "17. La protection du patrimoine naturel et culturel suppose des formes \"douces\" de développement du tourisme qui soient également réparties sur le territoire, qui respectent l'architecture traditionnelle, qui soient de nature à améliorer ou à remettre en état l'environnement et qui soient largement ouvertes sur les richesses naturelles ou culturelles et sur les traditions du pays. Les techniques et technologies de gestion de l'environnement doivent acquérir une importance fondamentale en tant qu'instruments de protection de la nature. La préservation du patrimoine culturel doit aider non seulement à respecter mais aussi à comprendre les coutumes et l'identité culturelle locales.", "18. Pour faire ressortir la richesse du patrimoine naturel et culturel de la région méditerranéenne, il faudrait s'efforcer de tirer parti des atouts que constituent le climat et la variété des paysages car ils pourraient aider à promouvoir diverses formes de tourisme (tourisme hivernal, tourisme d'affaires, tourisme \"vert\", etc.) propres à permettre de résoudre, le cas échéant, le problème des fluctuations saisonnières. En outre, la présence d'îles aisément accessibles depuis le continent permet d'offrir d'autres possibilités liées à des caractéristiques propres aux îles, à la notion de microcosme, au sentiment de dépaysement, etc. Les particularités naturelles, les biotopes et les écosystèmes originaux tels que les cascades, les lacs, les parcs marins et les réserves naturelles, pourraient devenir des pôles d'attraction pour des observations et des études scientifiques. Par ailleurs, la Méditerranée, qui est le berceau de la civilisation, offre des possibilités infinies de mettre en valeur la richesse de son patrimoine archéologique, ses monuments anciens, son habitat traditionnel urbain et rural, ainsi que son artisanat, son folklore et ses coutumes.", "19. Pour associer d'autres secteurs au processus, il faut appuyer et développer davantage les activités maritimes, agricoles, industrielles et commerciales qui alimentent le secteur touristique. Les produits touristiques pourraient ainsi créer des emplois et encourager la création d'entreprises locales. Par ailleurs, quelques-unes de ces activités pourraient faire partie du produit touristique offert si la participation des touristes aux méthodes traditionnelles de production était encouragée ou si ces activités étaient transformées en attractions touristiques.", "20. Dans cette optique, la priorité est accordée aux exploitations agricoles et aux fermes d'élevage traditionnelles, petites et moyennes, à la pêche et aux petites entreprises industrielles afin de répondre aux besoins du tourisme au moyen des productions locales et d'encourager le développement local. D'autre part, des activités telles que l'exploitation minière, l'horticulture ou la production de vin pourraient devenir des attractions touristiques du fait de leur nature même.", "21. La fourniture d'infrastructures et de services (transports, communications, loisirs, information et produits touristiques divers) est jugée essentielle pour la conception et l'aménagement général du secteur du tourisme. Ces moyens auxiliaires très divers qui soutiennent directement ou indirectement le tourisme servent de toile de fond au développement de ce secteur. Ils permettent d'enrichir les produits touristiques en offrant de nouveaux débouchés et en établissant les liens nécessaires.", "22. Les infrastructures et services touristiques dans la région méditerranéenne doivent être considérablement améliorés et profondément renouvelés car il y a longtemps que cette région se consacre au tourisme et parmi les investissements qui ont été réalisés, certains font aujourd'hui double emploi et d'autres sont incompatibles avec les préférences actuelles des touristes. Les installations de transport et de communication doivent être davantage développées dans l'arrière‑pays ainsi qu'entre les îles et à l'intérieur de celles‑ci et il faut se préoccuper tout spécialement de la qualité, de l'efficacité de l'intégration des réseaux permettant d'assurer toutes les liaisons nécessaires (entre la côte et l'intérieur des terres, entre la côte et les îles, etc.). Les équipements touristiques ne devraient pas servir uniquement aux divertissements et à la restauration mais aussi à l'information et à l'éducation et ils devraient même permettre la participation active des visiteurs. Ces équipements devraient être articulés avant tout autour de particularités et de centres d'intérêt locaux afin d'affirmer l'originalité du produit et de garantir sa compétitivité. Ils pourraient être fondés sur des parcs naturels et sur la préservation de la faune et de la flore locales ainsi que sur l'hébergement dans des villages traditionnels de façon à permettre aux visiteurs d'acquérir des connaissances scientifiques sur la région et à les intéresser aux coutumes et à la production locales. Pour d'autres types de produits, on pourrait tirer parti des avantages climatiques et associer par exemple des stations de montagne et des stations balnéaires (pour combiner le ski et le ski nautique, le tourisme nautique et le tourisme \"vert\") ou mettre l'accent sur les sports et les stations de cure.", "23. La technologie et l'innovation jouent un rôle important car le tourisme est considéré comme un secteur qui se développe de manière radicale. Ses liens avec d'autres activités et services exigent des améliorations et un accroissement de la productivité et de l'efficacité. L'innovation et le progrès technologique pourraient permettre d'améliorer l'état de l'environnement, d'aider à lutter contre la pollution, de réduire au minimum l'utilisation d'énergie et d'eau, de faire progresser les méthodes de traitement des déchets, de promouvoir de nouvelles formes d'agriculture et de fournir des services et des produits touristiques inédits. Des avantages analogues pourraient être obtenus dans les secteurs du transport et des communications ou dans d'autres secteurs, le but étant de réduire les coûts et d'optimiser l'utilisation des ressources locales.", "24. Les innovations et les technologies mises en oeuvre dans le domaine du tourisme dans la région méditerranéenne devraient avoir pour principal objectif de protéger l'environnement, en particulier le milieu marin. La technologie pourrait aider à assurer la surveillance écologique des travaux d'épuration dans des zones déjà polluées et à lutter contre les pollueurs. En outre, des progrès sont attendus dans le domaine de l'architecture bioclimatique, des systèmes solaires intégrés, du recyclage de l'eau et des déchets, du reboisement, etc. Des technologies pourraient aussi être utilisées pour améliorer les transports publics, adapter ceux qui sont de type traditionnel et introduire de nouvelles formes d'énergie. Il faut s'attacher avant tout à améliorer le rôle instructif des services et des produits touristiques (grâce, par exemple, à la découverte des fonds marins, à l'installation de postes d'information automatique, etc.) et à faire en sorte qu'ils puissent finalement être utilisés toute l'année.", "III. CONCLUSIONS ET QUESTIONS A EXAMINER", "25. La réussite de la planification d'un développement durable du tourisme dépend pour une large part de son degré d'intégration mais aussi de sa structure fonctionnelle qui doit permettre d'assurer la continuité et l'équilibre entre divers produits. C'est ce qui explique l'échec de certains projets qui ne se sont pas révélés viables en dépit de l'intérêt qu'ils présentaient sur le plan théorique. Il ne suffit pas d'émettre des idées originales; il est tout aussi indispensable de prévoir un appui suffisant (ressources naturelles, humaines et technologiques), de cerner les limites et d'établir des liens et une complémentarité avec les autres produits.", "26. Il n'est pas facile d'adopter une approche de la planification qui englobe tous les éléments mentionnés précédemment. Il est donc nécessaire de concentrer les efforts sur des projets pilotes qui peuvent s'assembler progressivement comme les pièces d'un puzzle. Ces projets devraient exploiter les potentialités et les centres d'intérêt locaux dans le cadre du développement durable. La pratique a montré que des mesures dispersées ou une approche sectorielle du tourisme articulées autour d'un thème spécifique ne donnaient pas toujours les résultats escomptés. La planification du tourisme est en train de prendre la forme d'une suite de mesures bien ciblées permettant la création de réseaux locaux susceptibles de se développer ou d'être intégrés.", "27. Plusieurs pays ont déjà travaillé sur de nouveaux produits et ont fait avancer leurs programmes visant à instaurer un développement local durable. Leur expérience et leur savoir-faire pourraient se révéler extrêmement utiles pour les autres pays méditerranéens. Il importe toutefois de souligner à cet égard qu'il s'agit avant tout de susciter des idées nouvelles et que c'est là le principal défi à relever.", "28. Compte tenu des objectifs, des limites et des principes du développement durable du tourisme, les sujets ci-après pourraient être examinés à la réunion de Chypre :", "a) Types de produits et d'équipements touristiques novateurs adaptés à l'espace et au climat méditerranéen;", "b) Tourisme et développement durable considérés sous l'angle du réaménagement urbain et de l'exploitation des zones adjacentes de l'arrière‑pays;", "c) Développement des réseaux d'activités liées au tourisme et des produits touristiques qui en découlent;", "d) Assistance technologique au développement du tourisme dans la région méditerranéenne;", "e) Exemples de structures fonctionnelles régionales mettant en jeu divers types de produits touristiques;", "f) Mesures de réglementation de la planification du développement du tourisme dans les zones côtières;", "g) Capacité d'accueil, critères à appliquer pour définir le niveau de saturation et mesures à prendre pour les faire respecter.", "-----" ]	[ "Distr.", "RESTRICTED", "HBP/GE.2/R.22", "3 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "COMMITTEE ON HUMAN SETTLEMENTS", "Meeting of Experts on Human Settlements", "Problems in Southern Europe", "Nicosia (Cyprus)", "6-8 June 1994", "PLANNING FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT", "IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES", "Basic discussion paper prepared by the delegation of Cyprus", "Background ‑ Redefinition of the subject", "1. During the preparatory phase, the need arose for revising both the title and the contents of the initial proposal of Cyprus to deal with \"Tourism and Planning\", the original subject of discussion for the 18th meeting to be held on the island in 1994. This initial proposal expressed the need to:", "Identify specificities and similarities between southern European countries which dictate their cooperation on tourism;", "Propose ways of renewing and revitalizing their tourist product in order to make it robust, viable and lasting;", "Determine the most appropriate physical planning measures for controlling and guiding future tourist development.", "GE.93-32997 (E)", "2. The change to \"Planning for sustainable tourist development in Mediterranean countries\" is a result of the prevalent European concern with sustainable development policies. More specifically, delegations have expressed the wish to continue the discussions of the Luxembourg Symposium on Planning for Sustainable Tourism Development and cover additional topics of special interest. Furthermore, the Cyprus meeting has recently been linked with the international meeting held in Hyères (France), in September 1993, on the problems of tourism and sustainable development in the Mediterranean countries. Consequently, the formulation of the Cyprus proposal could cover the following topics which seem to attract the interest of participating countries:", "(a) Review of the concept, the aims and the problems of sustainable development in relation to tourism;", "(b) An integrative approach to sustainable tourism development from the point of view of Mediterranean countries.", "Introduction", "3. Southern Europe and particularly the countries around the Mediterranean basin are traditional \"sea and sun\" tourist destinations. The number of tourists is still increasing at the expense of natural and human resources, although income does not grow proportionally. This pattern of economic growth, which does not involve wider development and disregards the long‑term environmental and social implications, causes an irreparable progressive degradation of the tourist product (impoverished, commonplace and non‑competitive). This trend, added to stagnating growth rates and monolithic, sea‑oriented, tourist accommodation, leads to a one‑way process with very limited chances of repair, if not addressed comprehensively and rationally. However, the control of these dynamics requires not only prior cooperation and coordination between countries, agencies and actors involved and a substantial \"immaterial\" investment, as already discussed at Luxembourg, but also ways of restructuring and renewing the tourist product within the concept of sustainable development.", "4. Due to the complex constraints inherent in tourism development, very few countries have succeeded in diverting that development to more integrated and productive forms of tourism. Unfortunately, in most cases, the expansion of tourism preceded the implementation of planning policies. Even policies that were in the end adopted now fall short of the principle of sustainable development. Their major deficiencies concern the lack of an integrative approach, involving other complementary activities and services related to tourism, and their failure to deal with the existing incoherence between environmental, social and economic development. One of the major consequences is the development imbalances and discrepancies between regions and between coastal and hinterland areas, which are a by‑product of the absence of a regional planning approach and of the lack of innovative and comprehensive programmes which could promote tourism in the countryside. Such programmes could exploit the comparative advantages of inland areas and promote attraction poles based on selected features or themes (nature, culture, architecture, agriculture, etc.). The end result of the current approach is the uncontrolled concentration of tourism in certain areas, with adverse environmental impacts. It exerts pressure on all local resources, irreversibly damages landscapes and natural resources and generates pollution.", "5. All these problems are now attracting increasing attention, while some older tourist destinations have already fallen into disuse because of environmental degradation. The local population as well as tourists are increasingly aware of the need to maintain a high quality environment and develop approaches that preserve natural resources. It is widely admitted that local environmental systems and local culture help to form the identity of tourist destinations and, when properly preserved, promote the long‑term viability of the tourist product. These elements tend to be common to all Mediterranean countries. At the same time, they mark some of their subtle specificities and differences. It is therefore important to know how to build on these specificities and on the Mediterranean character. It is also important to consider tourism as a means for achieving environmental and cultural conservation, which is the essence of sustainable tourism development. Such an approach is imperative nowadays, as no one would question the need for tourism, because of its economic benefits, nor the need for protecting environmental and cultural systems which support the tourist industry. It is even more urgent for the Mediterranean region, which is facing not only an international economic crisis but also increasing competition from other overseas tourist destinations on the basis of price, quality and originality of the tourist product.", "6. The objective of the 18th meeting is to review the concept, the aims and the problems of sustainable tourist development from the point of view of the Mediterranean countries and to look into the different approaches to its promotion, including past experiences and the methods used so far. It also invites participating countries to examine, discuss and further develop this review, to help identify problems and define relevant policies, and to enlighten this meeting with some of their own examples.", "I. REVIEW OF THE CONCEPT, THE AIMS AND THE PROBLEMS", "OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS RELATED TO TOURISM", "7. The concept of sustainable development advocates leaving to future generations a stock of natural resources at least equal to that inherited from previous generations. It means achieving the necessary reconciliation and compensation between human activities, development and environmental protection on a long‑term basis. Aiming at optimum environmental management, this concept makes allusion to the factors of time, adaptability and overall balance and calls for the integration of environmental considerations into development policies. The same principle also applies to human resources (local cultures, traditions, etc.) whose sustainable use has to be taken equally into account. In this sense the concept of sustainability applied to tourism implies long‑term reconciliation between tourist development and the protection of natural and cultural heritage.", "8. From the lines of action adopted by the European Community on environment, sustainable development and tourism (i.e. diversification of tourist activities, enhancement of the quality of tourist services and action towards tourist behaviour) and from the priorities of the UN/ECE Committee on Human Settlements, it would be possible to retain for discussion the aim of achieving an environmental balance and controlling tourist numbers, the aim of alleviating problems in already developed areas (mainly coastal) and the aim of diversifying the tourist product and promoting new integrated and specialized forms of tourism.", "A. Achieving environmental balance and controlling tourist numbers", "9. This aim does not only imply the full protection of certain essential ecosystems but it also means that the \"nature capital\" is somehow preserved globally, a piece lost in one place is reconstituted elsewhere. In addition, environmental balance refers to levels of environmental impact and carrying capacities of areas being or to be developed. It also refers to the control of the number of tourist arrivals and the hotel accommodation capacity, and the need for environmental impact assessment studies. Considering the various types of pollution generated by tourism, these aims encourage the development of environmental protection technologies and techniques. Finally, the general objective of the concept of environmental balance relates to the minimization of classic, non‑integrated and land‑consuming forms of tourism development and the promotion of environment‑oriented tourism.", "10. The application of the principles and remarks mentioned above to areas where saturation levels have already been reached, stresses the importance for controlling progressive growth. However, even if restricting the number of tourist beds is feasible (either by imposing a moratorium on new hotel projects or by implementing a set of planning control and fiscal measures), the control of tourist flows is a difficult task and can be achieved only partially by introducing indirect measures (i.e. price policies, packages including always both trip and accommodation, extension of tourist season, etc.). Nevertheless, the question remains whether all these measures are reliable and effective for balancing the growth of tourism with the country's overall pace of development and giving the product a new lease of life. At a local level, the factors defining the carrying capacity are usually misleading (i.e. beach capacity, labour force availability, contact ratio between tourists and local population, etc.), because they are either taken into account one by one or because they are not exhaustive. It is therefore necessary to reach a consensus on the criteria for defining saturation levels and environmentally reasonable capacity and on the measures for ensuring that this capacity is not exceeded. Finally, pollution, as one of the major environmental problems of tourist urbanization, has to be tackled rationally and comprehensively. Classic solutions such as sewerage systems and solid‑waste processing still need technological assistance and proper planning in order to meet present needs.", "B.Alleviating problems in already developed areas (mainly coastal)", "11. Overcrowded beaches and urbanization of the coastal ribbon zones, inadequacy and obsolescence of the existing tourist product, insufficient provision of tourist ancillary facilities and services and conflicts with other land uses are some of the major problems of tourism within already developed areas which need to be alleviated. Tourist zones annexed to towns become totally dependent on them in spite of their relative distance, when neighbouring inland areas remain unexploited, underdeveloped and almost abandoned. All these problems persist and worsen, while visitors and urban dwellers increasingly seek tourist products integrating environmental aspects.", "12. Measures to fight these problems, such as the extension of sandy beaches or the reduction of building densities, do not really offer long‑term solutions. At the same time, tourist ancillary services need space and cannot be provided within already developed areas (where high land values become an additional disincentive), making difficult any attempt towards the restructuring of the existing product. All these constraints call for a new use of adjacent inner zones which could support and supplement coastal development. The constraints also call for strategic choices among alternative urban development forms. They could provide physical and functional continuity of coastal tourist zones with nearby towns, by improving roads and public transport. Alternatively, accepting the physical separation of two distinctive entities imposes the re‑evaluation of current development patterns and a need for allocating adequate facilities and services to tourist zones. However, the question whether sustainable tourism development could be envisaged in an urban context and what kind of supporting facilities could be provided in order to meet new expectations and aspirations of users, remains without a definite answer.", "C.Diversifying the tourist product and promoting new integrated and specialized forms of tourism", "13. The aim is to widen the range of tourist facilities and services and provide new forms of the product (ecotourism, agrotourism, etc.) which better respect local structures and distribute the socio‑economic benefits from tourism to the indigenous population. This opens the way to the long‑term viability of tourist development and should therefore be the aim of any Mediterranean tourist policy. Countries are already showing an interest in competing by highlighting their specificities and unique character in the hope of a rosier future. However, the success of this action will also depend on the level of response by private investors, which will be decisive in this change of direction.", "14. Experience indicates that benefits from the growing market of nature and ecotourism are limited. Its economic contribution is small in comparison to mass package tourism and the degradation of natural and human (social and cultural) resources on which it depends. Furthermore, the growth of ecotourism indicates that, without careful management, it could result in the destruction of the world's most ecologically fragile areas. Agrotourism, on the other hand, has often been misinterpreted as a programme for rural revitalization through the renovation of traditional buildings. Everywhere, in an attempt to adapt to tourist tastes, folklore and local culture have been uprooted and distorted. In addition, there is a widespread belief that Mediterranean countries have been largely dependent upon coastal tourism and that it will be difficult to diversify. It is therefore important that countries evaluate their tourist resources (natural, cultural and human), as well as their existing infrastructure and facilities, in order to plan for their best exploitation and optimum use in time and in space. It is also necessary to experiment with innovative and imaginative aspects of tourism within sustainable development and promote the use of the hinterland for tourist purposes. Finally, it is essential to prove that the end product is at least as important and economically justified as the one which it must complement. The thrust of this strategy is to concentrate on applied and well integrated programmes and projects which promote innovative, specialized or multifunctional tourist products and generate various networks, agricultural, industrial, technological and others, which contribute to a wider distribution of income and related benefits.", "II. AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT", "FOR MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES", "15. The tourist industry serves a huge number of travellers and covers such diverse activities as transport, accommodation, entertainment and catering. It needs a global approach in order to achieve sustainable development. The need for short‑term benefits and durable assets justifies the wider integration and harmonization of tourism with other related activities and services so as to benefit the host communities. Complementary and related activities and services depending on tourism should be taken into account or planned together to make them more productive, promote self‑sustained development, provide the necessary infrastructure and services and ensure respect for nature and culture.", "16. Unfortunately the desirable synergy between all these development factors is not easily achieved and planning for tourism is usually tackled in isolation. The non‑integrative approach makes the tourist industry vulnerable and non‑viable in the long run. The incompatibility with other economic sectors as well as the inadaptability, inflexibility and insufficiency of tourist products make tourism totally dependent on international changes and turn it into a permanent consumer of natural and human resources. Thus, additional labour force in the tourist sector is becoming increasingly scarce; the import of goods for tourist purposes is still increasing; the tourist product is often confined exclusively to accommodation; infrastructure and services are out of date and the natural and cultural heritage is wasting away.", "17. Natural and cultural conservation relates to mild forms of tourism development, evenly distributed spatially, architecturally familiar and improving or restoring the environment and widely opened to the natural, patrimonial and cultural potentialities of the country. Environmental management techniques and technologies must become a fundamental instrument for nature conservation. Cultural conservation has to contribute not only to the observation but also to the understanding of local customs and cultural identities.", "18. In order to stress the value of the natural and cultural heritage in the Mediterranean, efforts should take advantage of the Mediterranean climate and variety of scenary, which could support various forms of tourism (winter, business, \"green\", etc.) to solve any problem of seasonality. Still, the presence of islands, easily connected to the continent, offers opportunities for alternative products based on their insular nature, the notion of microcosms, the sensation of depaysement etc. Original natural features, biotopes and ecosystems such as cascades, lakes, marine parks and wildlife reserves could become attraction points for observation and scientific study. Furthermore, the Mediterranean, being the cradle of civilization, offers endless possibilities to promote its rich archaeological heritage and ancient monuments, its traditional urban and rural settlements, its man‑made artefacts, but also its handicraft, folklore and customs.", "19. The involvement of other activities implies the support and further development of marine, agricultural, industrial and commercial activities which supply the tourist sector. In this sense, tourist products could generate employment and encourage the creation of local enterprises. On the other hand, some of these activities could become part of the product, if the participation of tourists in traditional methods of production is encouraged or if they are transformed into tourist attractions.", "20. This approach gives priority to traditional small or medium‑sized agricultural and animal husbandry units, to fishing and to small industrial enterprises in order to meet tourist needs with local production and encourage local development. On the other hand, activities such as mining, horticulture, wine production could become tourist attractions in their own right.", "21. The provision of infrastructure and services such as transport, communications, leisure, information and other tourist commodities is considered essential in the conception and the overall structuring of the tourist product. This wide range of ancillary facilities which supports tourism directly or indirectly constitutes the canvas upon which tourism development takes place. It enriches the product, offering alternative outlets and provides its necessary connections.", "22. The tourist infrastructure and services within the Mediterranean need extensive improvements and drastic renewal, since the area has long been devoted to tourism and these investments have become either redundant or incompatible with current tourist preferences. Transport and communication facilities need to be further developed in the hinterland and between, as well as within, islands where special attention has to be given to the quality, the efficiency and the integration of these networks providing all necessary links (coast‑hinterland, coast‑islands etc.). Tourist facilities should not only concern entertainment and catering but should extend into information, eduction and even the active participation of visitors. Such facilities should be primarily based on local themes and features, affirming the originality and ensuring the competitivity of the product. They could be based on natural parks and the preserving of local fauna and flora and offer accommodation in traditional villages providing scientific knowledge about the area and involving visitors in the local customs and production. Other types of products could rely on the climatic advantages, for example combining hill and coastal resorts (skiing and water‑skiing, nautical and \"green\" tourism) or focusing on sports and health spas.", "23. The use of technologies and innovations plays a significant role since tourism is considered as a radically developing sector. Its links with other activities and services call for improvements and increased productivity and efficiency. Innovation and technological development could improve the environment, help in the fight against pollution, minimize the use of energy and water, advance waste‑processing methods, promote new forms of agriculture, provide innovative types of tourist services and products. Similar benefits could also arise in the transport and communication sector or elsewhere, aiming to reduce costs and optimize the use of local resources.", "24. The primary target of innovations and technologies for tourism in the Mediterranean should be the protection of the environment, especially the marine environment. Technology could help in the ecological monitoring of the purification of already affected areas and in the control of polluters. Furthermore, progress is expected in bioclimatic architecture, integrated solar systems, water and waste recycling, reafforestation, etc. Technologies could also be used to improve public transport, to adapt traditional types of public transport and to introduce new types of energy. Improvements in tourist services and products must focus on their instructive role and their eventual use throughout the year (e.g. appreciation of the seabed, automatic information posts).", "III. CONCLUSIONS AND POINTS FOR DISCUSSION", "25. Success in planning for sustainable tourist development depends largely on the extent of its integrative approach, but also on its functional structure ensuring continuity and balance between various products. This explains the failure of some projects which have proved not to be viable despite their conceptual interest. It is not sufficient to produce original ideas. It is equally essential to anticipate adequate support (natural, human, technological), foresee the limits, and establish links and complementarity with other products.", "26. Taking a comprehensive approach to planning for all the elements mentioned earlier is not easy. It is therefore necessary to focus on pilot projects which can evolve gradually as separate pieces of a puzzle. These projects should exploit local potentialities and themes within the context of sustainable development. Practice has shown that the spreading of actions or a sectoral tourism approach within a specific theme does not always have the expected results. Planning for tourism is becoming a process of well targeted and consecutive actions, allowing the creation of local networks which could expand or be integrated together.", "27. Several countries have already worked on new products and advanced their programmes of sustainable local development. Their experience and know‑how could prove extremely helpful for the other Mediterranean countries. However, it is important to stress that the main challenge and the aim of this input is to generate new ideas.", "28. In view of the aims, limits and principles of sustainable tourism development, the following topics could be discussed at the meeting in Cyprus:", "(a) Innovative types of products and tourist facilities adapted to the Mediterranean space and climate;", "(b) Tourism and sustainable development in relation to urban restructuring and the use of adjacent inner zones;", "(c) Enlargement of networks of tourism‑related activities and tourist products deriving from them;", "(d) Technological assistance to tourism development in the Mediterranean region;", "(e) Examples of regional functional structures involving various types of tourist products;", "(f) Planning control measures regarding coastal tourism development;", "(g) Carrying capacity, criteria for defining saturation levels and measures for safeguarding them.", "-----" ]	[ "Distr.", "RESTREINT", "HBP/GE.2/R.22", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "COMMITTEE ON HUMAN SETTLEMENTS", "Expert Meeting on Problems", "of Habitat in Southern Europe", "Nicosia, Cyprus, 6-8 June 1994", "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING", "TOURISM IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES", "Core working paper", "prepared by the delegation of Cyprus", "Background - New definition of the issue", "1.During the preparatory phase, it was necessary to change both the title and the content of the original proposal from Cyprus on the issue to be considered at the eighteenth meeting to be held on Cyprus in 1994.The title originally chosen was \"Tourism and Planning\" and it was:", "- To identify the particularities of the southern European countries and the similarities between them which make their cooperation in the field of tourism conditional;", "-Propose ways to renew and re-launch their tourism to make it a solid, viable and sustainable product;", "- To determine the most appropriate spatial planning measures to guide and direct tourism development in the future.", "GE.93-32998 (F)", "2.The replacement of the initial title by the title \"Planning for sustainable tourism development in the Mediterranean countries\" reflects the importance that is now being given to sustainable development policies in Europe.More specifically, delegations expressed the wish to continue discussions at the Luxembourg Symposium on tourism development planning from the perspective of the Mediterranean countries and to address new topics of particular interest.In addition, a link has recently been established between the Cyprus meeting and the international meeting held in Hyères, France, in September 1993 which addressed the problems of tourism and sustainable development in the Mediterranean countries.The Cypriot proposal could therefore be formulated to encompass the following topics that appear to be of interest to participating countries:", "(a)Analysis of the concept of sustainable development in the field of tourism, as well as of the objectives and problems encountered;", "(b)An inclusive approach to sustainable tourism development from the perspective of the Mediterranean countries.", "Introduction", "3.The southern European countries, and in particular those of the Mediterranean basin, are traditional tourist destinations marked by the sea and the sun.The number of tourists continues to increase at the expense of natural and human resources, but incomes do not increase in the same proportion.This economic growth scenario, which does not involve wider development and does not take into account the long-term environmental and social consequences, leads to an irreparable gradual deterioration of the proposed tourist \"product\" which is becoming impoverished, trivialised and no longer competitive.This, together with the stagnation of growth rates and the monolithic and sea-based design of tourist accommodation structures, leads to a one-way process and if problems are not addressed in a comprehensive and rational manner, the chances of solving them will be very limited.However, the success of this dynamic requires not only prior cooperation and coordination between the countries, agencies and stakeholders concerned and significant \"immaterial\" investments, as already seen in Luxembourg, but also restructuring and renewal of tourism with a view to sustainable development.", "4.Due to the complex problems inherent in tourism development, very few countries have managed to direct tourism towards more integrated and productive forms of tourism.Unfortunately, in most cases, the expansion of tourism has preceded the implementation of planning policies and even those that have been finally adopted are far from meeting the principle of sustainable development.Their main shortcomings are that they are not designed from an integrated perspective involving other complementary tourism activities and services and that they fail to address the problem of the inconsistency between the different forms of development (environmental, social and economic).This is reflected in, inter alia, regional imbalances and disparities in development and between coastal areas and the hinterland, and is a secondary consequence of the lack of a regional vision of planning and of detailed and innovative programmes that can promote rural tourism.Such programmes could benefit from the comparative advantages of inland areas and promote attraction based on certain characteristics or interests (nature, culture, architecture, agriculture, etc.).The current approach leads to an anarchic concentration of tourism activities in certain areas, which has harmful effects on the environment, as all local resources are heavily exploited, landscapes and natural resources are irreversibly damaged and pollution is occurring.", "5.All the problems mentioned above are receiving increasing attention, even as some traditional tourist destinations are already beginning to be deserted due to environmental deterioration.Both local and tourist populations are increasingly aware of the need to maintain a quality environment and find solutions to preserve natural resources.It is widely recognized that local natural heritage and culture contribute to shaping the identity of tourist destinations and, where protected, to promoting the long-term sustainability of tourism.These are elements which, on the whole, are common to all Mediterranean countries but which at the same time highlight some of their specificities and subtle nuances that differentiate them.It is therefore important to know how to take advantage of these specificities and the Mediterranean character.Tourism should also be seen as a means of achieving environmental and cultural protection, which is the essence of sustainable tourism development.Today, it is imperative to do so because no one can dispute that tourism is necessary because of the economic benefits it provides or that the natural and cultural heritage on which the tourism industry relies must be protected.This is an even more urgent imperative for the Mediterranean region, which must face not only an international economic crisis but also the increasing competition from other tourist destinations which are distinguished by the price, quality and originality of the products offered.", "6.The 18th meeting aims to analyse the concept, goals and problems of sustainable tourism development from the perspective of the Mediterranean countries and to examine the different ways of promoting sustainable tourism development, taking into account, inter alia, the methods used and the results achieved so far.Participating countries are also invited to review, discuss and deepen the results of this analysis to help identify problems and to define relevant policies and it would be useful if they provided illustrative examples from their own experience.", "I. ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT, OBJECTIVES AND PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM", "7.Sustainable development is based on the idea that future generations should be left with a stock of natural resources at least equal to that inherited from previous generations.This requires a sustainable and balanced balance between human activities, development and environmental protection.The goal is to manage the environment optimally, which requires time and adaptability, requires a general balance and requires the integration of environmental concerns into development policies.The same principle applies to human resources (culture, local traditions, etc.), whose sustainable use must also be taken into account.In this sense, the concept of sustainability applied to tourism requires a sustainable reconciliation of the development and protection of natural and cultural heritage.", "8.Based on the guidelines adopted by the European Community on the environment, sustainable development and tourism (i.e. diversification of tourism activities, improvement of the quality of tourist services and adoption of measures to influence tourist behaviour) and the priorities defined by the UN/ECE Committee on Human Settlements, it would be possible to articulate the debate around a threefold objective: first, to achieve an environmental balance and to limit the influx of tourists; secondly, to alleviate the problems in the already developed areas (mainly coastal areas) and finally to diversify tourism and to promote new forms of integrated and specialized tourism.", "A.Objective 1: To achieve an environmental balance and limit the number of tourists", "9.To achieve this goal, not only must we protect certain essential ecosystems entirely, but we must also protect the \"natural capital\" in one way or another, that is, an element that disappears at one place must be reconstituted elsewhere.In addition, when talking about environmental balance, one thinks of the importance of the environmental effects and the capacity of the areas to develop or to develop, as well as of the limitation of the number of tourists and the capacity of the hotel and the need for environmental impact assessments.In view of the various types of pollution caused by tourism, the development of environmental protection technologies and techniques should be encouraged.Finally, the overall objective of environmental balance is to minimize the traditional forms of tourism development, i.e. non-integrated and large-scale land-use forms, and to promote environmental tourism.", "10.The application of the above principles and remarks to areas where saturation levels have already been reached underlines the importance of controlled gradual growth.However, even if it is possible to restrict the number of beds for tourists (either by imposing a moratorium on new hotel projects or by implementing a series of planning and budgetary measures), it is difficult to control the influx of tourists and this can only be achieved in part by adopting indirect measures (i.e. by means of pricing policies, packages that always include travel and accommodation, prolongation of the tourist season, etc.).It remains to be seen, however, whether all these measures are reliable and effective in reconciling the growth of tourism with the overall pace of development of the country by giving tourism a new impetus.At the local level, the criteria used to define the capacity to receive accommodation are generally misleading (whether it is the capacity of beaches, local labour reserves, the indicator of contacts between tourists and the local population, etc.), either because they are taken into account one by one or because they are not complete.There is therefore a need to reach consensus on the criteria for defining saturation and acceptable capacity from an environmental point of view, and to agree on measures to ensure that this capacity is not exceeded.Finally, the problem of pollution in all its aspects must be tackled in a rational manner, as it is one of the main environmental problems caused by tourism urbanization.In order to ensure that conventional solutions, such as sewage networks and solid waste treatment facilities, meet current needs, technological assistance and adequate planning are still needed.", "B. Second objective: to alleviate problems in already developed areas (mainly coastal areas)", "11.Overcrowded beaches and linear urbanization of coastal areas, inadequate and outdated tourist facilities, inadequate auxiliary tourist facilities and services and incompatibility with other land uses are some of the main problems related to tourism in areas already developed and which need to be mitigated.The tourist areas attached to cities become entirely dependent on cities, even if they are relatively remote, while the nearby hinterland areas remain unexploited and underdeveloped and are practically abandoned.All these problems persist and are worsening, even as urban dwellers and tourists are increasingly looking for environmental-friendly tourism products.", "12.Measures taken to combat these problems, such as extending sandy beaches or reducing building density, do not offer much long-term solutions.In addition, auxiliary tourist services require space and cannot be provided in areas already developed (where the high price of land has an additional deterrent effect);This makes it difficult to attempt to restructure the existing product.All these obstacles require a new use of adjacent areas of the hinterland that could support and complement coastal zone development.They also require strategic choices between the various forms of urban development.Physical and functional continuity between coastal tourist areas and neighbouring cities can be considered by improving roads and public transport.Otherwise, accepting the physical separation of two separate entities requires re-evaluation of existing development plans and the provision of appropriate facilities and services to tourist areas.However, no specific answer has yet been given to the question of whether sustainable development of tourism in an urban context could be envisaged and what types of support equipment could be put in place to meet the new expectations and aspirations of users.", "C.Third objective: diversifying tourism products and promoting new forms of integrated and specialized tourism", "13.The aim is to expand the range of tourist facilities and services and to offer new products (ecotourism, agrotourism, etc.) that better respect local structures and enable the local population to enjoy the socio-economic benefits of tourism.This is the long-term sustainability of tourism development, and therefore any tourism policy in the Mediterranean countries should aim at this goal.There is already some emulation between countries that highlight their specificities and originality in the hope of a more pink future.However, the success of this approach will also depend on the reaction of private investors that will be decisive in this change of direction.", "14.Experience shows that the benefits of expanding the nature market and ecotourism are limited.The economic role of this sector is weak in comparison with mass tourism and the deterioration of natural and human resources (social and cultural) on which it depends.Furthermore, the development of ecotourism suggests that without rigorous management it could lead to the destruction of the most ecologically fragile regions of the world.As for agrotourism, it was often mistakenly considered a programme of revitalization of rural areas through the renovation of traditional buildings.Wherever attempts were made to adapt to the tastes of tourists, folklore and local culture were cut off from their roots and denatured.Moreover, there was widespread agreement that Mediterranean countries would be heavily dependent on tourism in coastal areas and that diversification would therefore be difficult.Therefore, it is important that countries assess their tourism resources (natural, cultural and human), as well as existing infrastructure and equipment, in order to make arrangements for the best use of them and their optimal use in time and space.There is also a need to experiment with innovative and inventive forms of tourism in the context of sustainable development and to encourage the use of the hinterland for tourism purposes.Finally, it is essential to prove that the final product is at least as important and economically justified as the product to be supplemented.The guiding idea of this strategy is to focus on concrete and well-integrated programmes and projects that promote innovative, specialized or multifunctional tourism products and create a variety of networks (agricultural, industrial, technological and other) that will contribute to a wider distribution of income and related benefits.", "II.FRANÇAIS OF SUSTAINABLE TREATMENT IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES", "15.The tourism industry serves a considerable number of travellers and covers activities as diverse as transportation, accommodation, entertainment and catering.A comprehensive approach is needed to ensure sustainable development.Given the need for both short-term benefits and sustainable assets, there is a need to integrate and harmonize tourism and other related activities and services more broadly so that host communities can benefit from them.Joint consideration or planning of complementary or related tourism-dependent activities and services should be undertaken to enhance their productivity, promote self-reliance, develop the necessary infrastructure and services and ensure respect for nature and culture.", "16.Unfortunately, it is not easy to achieve the desired synergy between all these development factors and tourism is usually the subject of separate planning.This lack of integration undermines the tourism industry and makes it impossible to be viable in the long term.Incompatibility with other economic sectors and the inadaptability, lack of flexibility and inadequacy of tourism products make tourism entirely dependent on changes at the international level and make it a permanent consumer of natural and human resources.As a result, the additional labour needed for this sector is increasingly scarce;the import of goods for tourist purposes is constantly increasing and the tourist supply is often limited exclusively to accommodation.Infrastructure and services are archaic and the natural and cultural heritage is being undermined.", "17.The protection of the natural and cultural heritage requires \"soft\" forms of tourism development that are also distributed throughout the territory, respect traditional architecture, improve or restore the environment and are widely open to the natural or cultural wealth and traditions of the country.Environmental management techniques and technologies must become of fundamental importance as instruments for nature conservation.The preservation of cultural heritage must help not only to respect but also to understand local customs and cultural identity.", "18.To highlight the richness of the natural and cultural heritage of the Mediterranean region, efforts should be made to capitalize on the advantages of climate and the variety of landscapes, as they could help to promote various forms of tourism (winter tourism, business tourism, green tourism, etc.) which could help to solve, where appropriate, the problem of seasonal fluctuations.In addition, the presence of islands easily accessible from the continent allows for other opportunities related to island-specific characteristics, the concept of microcosm, the feeling of alienation, etc.Natural features, biotopes and original ecosystems such as waterfalls, lakes, marine parks and nature reserves could become poles of attraction for scientific observations and studies.The Mediterranean, which is the cradle of civilization, offers endless possibilities to highlight the richness of its archaeological heritage, its ancient monuments, its traditional urban and rural habitat, as well as its handicrafts, folklore and customs.", "19.In order to involve other sectors in the process, there is a need to further support and develop the maritime, agricultural, industrial and commercial activities that feed the tourism sector.Tourism products could thus create jobs and encourage the creation of local businesses.In addition, some of these activities could be part of the tourism product offered if the participation of tourists in traditional production methods was encouraged or if these activities were transformed into tourist attractions.", "20.In this context, priority is given to traditional small and medium-sized farming and livestock farms, fisheries and small industrial enterprises to meet the needs of tourism through local production and to encourage local development.On the other hand, activities such as mining, horticulture or wine production could become tourist attractions because of their very nature.", "21.The provision of infrastructure and services (transport, communications, leisure, information and tourism products) is considered essential for the overall design and development of the tourism sector.These very diverse auxiliary means, which directly or indirectly support tourism, serve as a backdrop for the development of this sector.They enrich tourism products by providing new opportunities and establishing the necessary links.", "22.Tourism infrastructure and services in the Mediterranean region need to be considerably improved and significantly renewed, as tourism has long been a major area of activity and investment, some of which are now duplicative and others are incompatible with the current preferences of tourists.Transport and communication facilities need to be further developed in the hinterland and between and within islands, and special attention needs to be paid to quality, effective integration of networks to ensure all necessary links (between coast and interior, between coast and islands, etc.).Tourist facilities should not only be used for entertainment and catering but also for information and education and should even allow for the active participation of visitors.These equipment should be structured primarily around local particularities and interests in order to affirm the originality of the product and ensure its competitiveness.They could be based on natural parks and the preservation of local fauna and flora and on accommodation in traditional villages so as to enable visitors to gain scientific knowledge of the region and to interest them in local customs and production.Other types of products could benefit from climate benefits, such as mountain and seaside resorts (to combine skiing and water skiing, water tourism and green tourism) or focus on sports and spas.", "23.Technology and innovation play an important role because tourism is seen as a sector that is developing radically.Its links with other activities and services require improvements and increased productivity and efficiency.Innovation and technological progress could improve the state of the environment, help to combat pollution, minimize the use of energy and water, advance waste treatment methods, promote new forms of agriculture and provide new tourism services and products.Similar benefits could be achieved in the transport and communications sectors or in other sectors, with the aim of reducing costs and optimizing the use of local resources.", "24.The main objective of the tourism innovations and technologies in the Mediterranean region should be to protect the environment, in particular the marine environment.Technology could help to ensure environmental monitoring of sewage treatment in already polluted areas and to combat polluters.In addition, progress is expected in bioclimatic architecture, integrated solar systems, water and waste recycling, reforestation, etc.Technologies could also be used to improve public transport, adapt traditional ones and introduce new forms of energy.The main focus must be on improving the educational role of tourism services and products (e.g. through the discovery of the seabed, the installation of automatic information posts, etc.) and ensuring that they can be used throughout the year.", "III.CONCLUSIONS AND ISSUES TO BE REVIEWED", "25.The success of planning for sustainable tourism depends largely on its degree of integration and also on its functional structure, which must ensure continuity and balance between various products.This explains the failure of some projects that have not proved viable despite their theoretical interest.It is not enough to issue original ideas;It is equally essential to provide adequate support (natural, human and technological resources), to identify limitations and to establish links and complementarity with other products.", "26.It is not easy to adopt a planning approach that encompasses all the elements mentioned above.It is therefore necessary to focus on pilot projects that can gradually assemble like pieces of a puzzle.These projects should exploit local potential and interests in the context of sustainable development.Practice has shown that scattered measures or a sectoral approach to tourism, structured around a specific theme, do not always yield the desired results.Tourism planning is taking the form of a series of well-targeted measures to create local networks that can develop or be integrated.", "27.Several countries have already worked on new products and have advanced their programmes to achieve sustainable local development.Their experience and know-how could prove extremely useful to other Mediterranean countries.However, it is important to stress that the main challenge is to generate new ideas and that this is the main challenge.", "28.In view of the objectives, limits and principles of sustainable tourism development, the following topics could be discussed at the Cyprus meeting:", "(a)Types of innovative tourism products and equipment adapted to the Mediterranean climate and space;", "(b) Tourism and sustainable development in the context of urban redevelopment and the exploitation of adjacent hinterland areas;", "(c)Development of tourism-related networks of activities and tourism products;", "(d)Technological assistance for tourism development in the Mediterranean region;", "(e)Examples of regional functional structures involving various types of tourism products;", "(f)Regulatory measures for planning for the development of tourism in coastal areas;", "(g)Capacity, criteria for determining saturation and measures to be taken to ensure compliance.", "-----" 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"
"7cPwC3LyIlMzBfujV1S9xwHesCRPMIaX8f3xyblnl8w="	en	fr	[ "[]UNITED", "NATIONS", "E", "Economic and Social", "Council", "ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE", "Distr.", "RESTRICTED", "ENVWA/WG.6/1", "3 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "SENIOR ADVISERS TO ECE GOVERNMENTS", "ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER PROBLEMS", "Working Group of Senior Governmental Officials", "\"Environment for Europe\"", "(First session, 10-12 January 1994)", "PROVISIONAL AGENDA FOR THE FIRST SESSION", "to be held at the Palais des Nations, Geneva,", "beginning at 3 p.m. on Tuesday, 10 January 1994", "1. Adoption of the agenda.", "2.Progress made in other international activities relative to the \"Environment for Europe\" process.", "3.Substantive preparations for the Ministerial Conference.", "4. Further development of the Environmental Programme for Europe.", "5. Involvement of the informal sector.", "6. Work-plan.", "7. Other business.", "GE.93-33001", "EXPLANATORY NOTES TO THE PROVISIONAL AGENDA", "The Senior Advisers at their special session on 21 October 1993 (ECE/ENVWA/34, para. 8):", "(a) Established the Working Group of Senior Governmental Officials \"Environment for Europe\" to carry out the tasks mandated in the Lucerne Ministerial Declaration. Consequently, the Working Group will, in particular:", "- Oversee the follow-up to the Lucerne Conference;", "-Serve as the central coordinating body for the further development of the \"Environment for Europe\" process;", "-Supervise the substantive preparations for the next Ministerial Conference, which will take place in Bulgaria in 1995;", "-Pursue the further development of the Environmental Programme for Europe on the basis of the State of the Environment Report for Europe;", "-Receive and consider reports from the Task Force for the Implementation of the Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe, the Project Preparation Committee, and other organizations involved in the preparation of the next Ministerial Conference; and liaise closely with the internationally composed organizing committee established by the Government of Bulgaria;", "(b) Decided that the documents prepared by or under the auspices of the Working Group, including the draft ministerial declaration, would be submitted to the Ministerial Conference in Bulgaria for consideration and eventual adoption;", "(c) Invited member Governments to ensure high-level participation in the Working Group, possibly by the active involvement of the Heads of delegations to the Senior Advisers in the activities of the Working Goup, and decided that the Working Group would keep the Senior Advisers informed about its progress;", "(d) Invited the Commission of the European Communities, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, the Council of Europe, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and other international organizations, financial institutions, and relevant international non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), to participate in the Working Group, and requested the Working Group to decide on the participation of other informal sector organizations active in the UN/ECE region;", "(e) Elected Mr. W. KAKEBEEKE (Netherlands) as Chairman and Mr. B. NATOV (Bulgaria) as Vice-Chairman of the Working Group, with the understanding that the Working Group might elect, if necessary, additional members to its bureau;", "(f) Invited the Working Group at its first session, inter alia, to elaborate its work-plan and method of work, giving particular consideration to substantive topics and documents to be considered at the next Ministerial Conference, including the short-term needs of countries in transition to a market economy;", "(g) Requested the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe to provide support to the Working Group in terms of secretariat and conference facilities in accordance with the rules and practices of the UN/ECE.", "In order to make optimal use of the time available, the Working Group will be expected to adopt the report on its first session, prepared by the secretariat, at its second session, tentatively scheduled to be held from 30 May to 1 June 1994.", "Item 1: Adoption of the agenda", "In accordance with the Commission's Rules of Procedure, the first item on the provisional agenda is the adoption of the agenda.", "Item 2:Progress made in other international activities relative to the \"Environment for Europe\" process", "The Working Group will be informed, in particular, of the activities of the Task Force for the Implementation of the Environmental Action Programme (EAP) for Central and Eastern Europe, the Project Preparation Committee (PPC), and of the relevant activities of the Council of Europe and other international governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The Bureau of the Working Group will report on its contacts with the main organizations involved in the process. The Chairmen of the Task Force on the EAP and of the PPC will be invited to submit progress reports.", "Item 3: Substantive preparations for the Ministerial Conference", "The Working Group will discuss possible substantive topics and documents, apart from the Environmental Programme for Europe, which could justifiably be considered at the Ministerial Conference. With a view to facilitating the discussion, proposals and notes will be submitted by the secretariat on specific issues mentioned in the Lucerne Ministerial Declaration, such as public participation, compliance with environmental conventions, transboundary air and water pollution, energy efficiency and human settlements. The delegations will be invited to present their proposals on possible topics.", "Item 4: Further development of the Environmental Programme for Europe", "The Working Group will consider possible approaches to the further development of the Environmental Programme for Europe on the basis of the European State of the Environment Report prepared by the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) in cooperation with the UN/ECE. To facilitate the discussion, a note will be circulated by the secretariat in consultation with the CEC. Representatives of the CEC will be invited to make a presentation on the subject. The Working Group will be expected to decide on the appropriate action.", "Item 5: Involvement of the informal sector", "The Working Group will consider modalities for the involvement of relevant informal sector organizations, including industry and coalitions or coordinating groups of national environmental NGOs, in the preparations for the Ministerial Conference.", "Item 6: Work-plan", "The Working Group will elaborate its work-plan and method of work in the light of the discussions on the different agenda items.", "Item 7: Other business", "At the time of writing, the secretariat had no points to propose under this item." ]	[ "Distr.", "RESTREINTE", "ENVWA/WG.6/1", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "Original : ANGLAIS", "CONSEILLERS DES GOUVERNEMENTS DES PAYS DE LA CEE", "POUR LES PROBLEMES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET DE L'EAU", "Groupe de travail composé de hauts fonctionnaires", "pour le processus \"Un environnement pour l'Europe\"", "(Première session, 10-12 janvier 1994)", "ORDRE DU JOUR PROVISOIRE DE LA PREMIERE SESSION", "qui s'ouvrira au Palais des Nations, à Genève,", "le mardi 10 janvier 1994, à 15 heures", "1. Adoption de l'ordre du jour", "2.Progrès réalisés dans le cadre d'autres activités internationales liées au processus \"Un environnement pour l'Europe\"", "3. Préparatifs de fond de la conférence ministérielle", "4. Poursuite du développement du Programme écologique pour l'Europe", "5. Participation du secteur non officiel", "6. Plan de travail", "7. Questions diverses", "GE.93-33002 (F)", "NOTES EXPLICATIVES", "Au cours de leur session extraordinaire qui s'est tenue le 21 octobre 1993 (ECE/ENVWA/34, par. 8), les Conseillers :", "a) Ont créé le Groupe de travail composé de hauts fonctionnaires pour le processus \"Un environnement pour l'Europe\" en vue de mener à bien les tâches prescrites dans la Déclaration ministérielle de Lucerne. En conséquence, le Groupe de travail :", "- Supervisera le suivi de la Conférence de Lucerne;", "-Fera office d'organe central chargé de coordonner le développement ultérieur du processus \"Un environnement pour l'Europe\";", "-Supervisera la préparation de fond de la prochaine conférence ministérielle, qui aura lieu en Bulgarie en 1995;", "-Poursuivra le développement du Programme écologique pour l'Europe sur la base du Rapport sur l'état de l'environnement en Europe;", "-Recevra et examinera les rapports de l'Equipe spéciale chargée de la mise en application du Programme d'action pour l'environnement en Europe centrale et orientale, du Comité de préparation des projets et d'autres organisations participant à la préparation de la prochaine Conférence ministrielle; et se tiendra en liaison étroite avec le comité d'organisation à composition internationale mis en place par le Gouvernement bulgare;", "b) Ont décidé que les documents préparés par le Groupe de travail ou sous ses auspices, notamment le projet de déclaration ministérielle, seraient présentés à la Conférence ministérielle, en Bulgarie, pour qu'elle les examine et, en dernière analyse, les adopte;", "c) Ont invité les gouvernements des pays membres à assurer une participation de haut niveau au Groupe de travail, éventuellement par la participation active des chefs de délégation auprès des Conseillers aux activités du Groupe de travail, et ont décidé que le Groupe de travail tiendrait les Conseillers informés des progrès qu'il aurait accomplis;", "d) Ont invité la Commission des Communautés européennes, le Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement, le Bureau régional pour l'Europe de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, le Conseil de l'Europe, l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) et d'autres organisations internationales, institutions financières et organisations non gouvernementales internationales pertinentes dotées du statut consultatif auprès du Conseil économique et social à participer aux activités du Groupe de travail, et ont prié le Groupe de travail de se prononcer sur la participation d'autres organismes du secteur non officiel qui oeuvrent dans la région de la CEE/ONU;", "e) Ont élu M. KAKEBEEKE (Pays-Bas) président et M. NATOV (Bulgarie) vice-président du Groupe de travail, étant entendu que le Groupe de travail pourrait élire, si nécessaire, des membres supplémentaires pour son bureau;", "f) Ont invité le Groupe de travail à élaborer entre autres, à sa première session, son plan et sa méthode de travail, en accordant une attention particulière aux questions et documents de fond qui devront être examinés à la prochaine Conférence ministérielle, notamment aux besoins à court terme des pays en transition vers une économie de marché;", "g) Ont prié le Secrétaire exécutif de la Commission économique pour l'Europe de fournir au Groupe de travail un appui sous forme de services de secrétariat et de conférence, conformément aux règles et aux pratiques en vigueur à la CEE/ONU.", "Afin d'utiliser au mieux le temps imparti, il conviendrait que le Groupe de travail adopte à sa deuxième session, qui doit en principe se tenir du 30 mai au 1er juin 1994, le rapport de sa première session qui aura été établi par le secrétariat.", "Point 1 : Adoption de l'ordre du jour", "Conformément au règlement intérieur de la Commission, le premier point inscrit à l'ordre du jour provisoire est l'adoption de l'ordre du jour.", "Point 2 :Progrès réalisés dans le cadre d'autres activités internationales liées au processus \"Un environnement pour l'Europe\"", "Le Groupe de travail sera notamment informé des activités de l'équipe spéciale chargée de la mise en application du Programme d'action pour l'environnement en Europe centrale et orientale et du Comité de préparation des projets, ainsi que des activités pertinentes du Conseil de l'Europe et d'autres organisations internationales gouvernementales et non gouvernementales. Le bureau du Groupe de travail rendra compte de ses contacts avec les principales organisations associées au processus. Les présidents de l'équipe spéciale chargée de la mise en application du Programme d'action pour l'environnement en Europe centrale et orientale et du Comité de préparation des projets seront invités à présenter des rapports intérimaires.", "Point 3 : Préparatifs de fond de la conférence ministérielle", "Outre les éléments se rapportant au Programme écologique pour l'Europe, le Groupe de travail étudiera les documents et questions de fond que la conférence ministérielle pourrait être fondée à examiner. Pour faciliter les débats, le secrétariat présentera des propositions et des notes sur des questions précises dont il est fait état dans la Déclaration ministérielle de Lucerne, comme la participation du public, le respect des conventions relatives à l'environnement, la pollution atmosphérique et la pollution des eaux transfrontières, l'efficacité énergétique et les établissements humains. Les délégations seront invitées à soumettre des propositions s'agissant des questions susceptibles d'être discutées.", "Point 4 :Poursuite du développement du Programme écologique pour l'Europe", "Le Groupe de travail examinera les manières possibles d'envisager le développement ultérieur du Programme écologique pour l'Europe en se fondant sur le Rapport sur l'état de l'environnement en Europe établi par la Commission des communautés européennes (CCE) en collaboration avec la CEE/ONU. Pour faciliter les débats, le secrétariat distribuera une note, en concertation avec la CCE. Les représentants de la CCE seront invités à présenter un exposé sur la question. Le Groupe de travail sera appelé à décider des mesures qu'il convient de prendre dans ce domaine.", "Point 5 : Participation du secteur non officiel", "Le Groupe de travail étudiera les modalités de la participation aux préparatifs de la conférence ministérielle d'entités intéressées du secteur non officiel, notamment l'industrie et les alliances ou les groupes de coordination formés par des organisations non gouvernementales nationales s'occupant des questions d'environnement.", "Point 6 : Plan de travail", "Le Groupe de travail élaborera son plan et sa méthode de travail à la lumière des résultats de l'examen des différents points de l'ordre du jour.", "Point 7 : Questions diverses", "A ce jour, le secrétariat n'a aucune question à proposer au titre de ce point.", "-----" ]	[ "[]UNITED", "NATIONS", "E", "Economic and Social", "Council", "ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE", "Distr.", "RESTRICTED", "ENVWA/WG.6/1", "3 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "SENIOR ADVISERS TO ECE GOVERNMENTS", "ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER PROBLEMS", "Working Group of Senior Governmental Officials", "\"Environment for Europe\"", "(First session, 10-12 January 1994)", "PROVISIONAL AGENDA FOR THE FIRST SESSION", "to be held at the Palais des Nations, Geneva,", "beginning at 3 p.m. on Tuesday, 10 January 1994", "1. Adoption of the agenda.", "2.Progress made in other international activities relative to the \"Environment for Europe\" process.", "3.Substantive preparations for the Ministerial Conference.", "4. Further development of the Environmental Programme for Europe.", "5. Involvement of the informal sector.", "6. Work-plan.", "7. Other business.", "GE.93-33001", "EXPLANATORY NOTES TO THE PROVISIONAL AGENDA", "The Senior Advisers at their special session on 21 October 1993 (ECE/ENVWA/34, para. 8):", "(a) Established the Working Group of Senior Governmental Officials \"Environment for Europe\" to carry out the tasks mandated in the Lucerne Ministerial Declaration. Consequently, the Working Group will, in particular:", "- Oversee the follow-up to the Lucerne Conference;", "-Serve as the central coordinating body for the further development of the \"Environment for Europe\" process;", "-Supervise the substantive preparations for the next Ministerial Conference, which will take place in Bulgaria in 1995;", "-Pursue the further development of the Environmental Programme for Europe on the basis of the State of the Environment Report for Europe;", "-Receive and consider reports from the Task Force for the Implementation of the Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe, the Project Preparation Committee, and other organizations involved in the preparation of the next Ministerial Conference; and liaise closely with the internationally composed organizing committee established by the Government of Bulgaria;", "(b) Decided that the documents prepared by or under the auspices of the Working Group, including the draft ministerial declaration, would be submitted to the Ministerial Conference in Bulgaria for consideration and eventual adoption;", "(c) Invited member Governments to ensure high-level participation in the Working Group, possibly by the active involvement of the Heads of delegations to the Senior Advisers in the activities of the Working Goup, and decided that the Working Group would keep the Senior Advisers informed about its progress;", "(d) Invited the Commission of the European Communities, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, the Council of Europe, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and other international organizations, financial institutions, and relevant international non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), to participate in the Working Group, and requested the Working Group to decide on the participation of other informal sector organizations active in the UN/ECE region;", "(e) Elected Mr. W. KAKEBEEKE (Netherlands) as Chairman and Mr. B. NATOV (Bulgaria) as Vice-Chairman of the Working Group, with the understanding that the Working Group might elect, if necessary, additional members to its bureau;", "(f) Invited the Working Group at its first session, inter alia, to elaborate its work-plan and method of work, giving particular consideration to substantive topics and documents to be considered at the next Ministerial Conference, including the short-term needs of countries in transition to a market economy;", "(g) Requested the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe to provide support to the Working Group in terms of secretariat and conference facilities in accordance with the rules and practices of the UN/ECE.", "In order to make optimal use of the time available, the Working Group will be expected to adopt the report on its first session, prepared by the secretariat, at its second session, tentatively scheduled to be held from 30 May to 1 June 1994.", "Item 1: Adoption of the agenda", "In accordance with the Commission's Rules of Procedure, the first item on the provisional agenda is the adoption of the agenda.", "Item 2:Progress made in other international activities relative to the \"Environment for Europe\" process", "The Working Group will be informed, in particular, of the activities of the Task Force for the Implementation of the Environmental Action Programme (EAP) for Central and Eastern Europe, the Project Preparation Committee (PPC), and of the relevant activities of the Council of Europe and other international governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The Bureau of the Working Group will report on its contacts with the main organizations involved in the process. The Chairmen of the Task Force on the EAP and of the PPC will be invited to submit progress reports.", "Item 3: Substantive preparations for the Ministerial Conference", "The Working Group will discuss possible substantive topics and documents, apart from the Environmental Programme for Europe, which could justifiably be considered at the Ministerial Conference. With a view to facilitating the discussion, proposals and notes will be submitted by the secretariat on specific issues mentioned in the Lucerne Ministerial Declaration, such as public participation, compliance with environmental conventions, transboundary air and water pollution, energy efficiency and human settlements. The delegations will be invited to present their proposals on possible topics.", "Item 4: Further development of the Environmental Programme for Europe", "The Working Group will consider possible approaches to the further development of the Environmental Programme for Europe on the basis of the European State of the Environment Report prepared by the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) in cooperation with the UN/ECE. To facilitate the discussion, a note will be circulated by the secretariat in consultation with the CEC. Representatives of the CEC will be invited to make a presentation on the subject. The Working Group will be expected to decide on the appropriate action.", "Item 5: Involvement of the informal sector", "The Working Group will consider modalities for the involvement of relevant informal sector organizations, including industry and coalitions or coordinating groups of national environmental NGOs, in the preparations for the Ministerial Conference.", "Item 6: Work-plan", "The Working Group will elaborate its work-plan and method of work in the light of the discussions on the different agenda items.", "Item 7: Other business", "At the time of writing, the secretariat had no points to propose under this item." ]	[ "Distr.", "RESTREINT", "ENVWA/WG.6/1", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "ADVICE TO THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE ECE COUNTRIES", "FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER PROBLEMS", "Working Group of Senior Officials", "for the \"Environment for Europe\" process", "(First session, 10-12 January 1994)", "PROVISIONAL AGENDA FOR THE FIRST SESSION", "to be held at the Palais des Nations, Geneva,", "on Tuesday, 10 January 1994, at 3 p.m.", "1.Adoption of the agenda", "2.Progress in other international activities related to the \"Environment for Europe\" process", "3.Substantive preparations for the ministerial conference", "4.Further development of the Ecological Programme for Europe", "5.Participation of the informal sector", "6.Work plan", "7.Other matters", "GE.93-33002 (F)", "EXPLANATORY NOTES", "During their special session on 21 October 1993 (ECE/ENVWA/34, para. 8), the Advisers:", "(a)The Working Group of Senior Officials for the \"Environment for Europe\" process was established to carry out the tasks set out in the Lucerne Ministerial Declaration.Accordingly, the Working Group:", "- Supervise the follow-up to the Lucerne Conference;", "-To act as the central body responsible for coordinating the further development of the \"Environment for Europe\" process;", "- Supervises the substantive preparation of the next Ministerial Conference, to be held in Bulgaria in 1995;", "- Continue the development of the Ecological Programme for Europe on the basis of the State of the Environment in Europe Report;", "-Receive and consider the reports of the Task Force on the Implementation of the Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe, the Project Preparation Committee and other organizations involved in the preparation of the next Ministerial Conference;and will be in close liaison with the international organizing committee established by the Government of Bulgaria;", "(b)Decided that the documents prepared by or under the auspices of the Working Group, including the draft ministerial declaration, should be submitted to the Ministerial Conference in Bulgaria for its consideration and, ultimately, adopted;", "(c)Invited member Governments to ensure high-level participation in the Working Group, possibly through the active participation of heads of delegation to the members of the Working Group, and agreed that the Working Group would keep the members informed of the progress made;", "(d)Invited the Commission of the European Communities, the United Nations Environment Programme, the Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization, the Council of Europe, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and other relevant international organizations, financial institutions and international non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council to participate in the activities of the Working Party, and requested the Working Party to decide on the participation of other non-official sector organizations working in the UNECE region;", "(e) Elected Mr. KAKEBEEKE (Netherlands) as Chairman and Mr. NATOV (Bulgaria) as Vice-Chairman of the Working Group, on the understanding that the Working Group could elect additional members for its Bureau, if necessary;", "(f)Invited the Working Party to develop, inter alia, its plan and methodology at its first session, paying particular attention to the issues and substantive documents to be considered at the next Ministerial Conference, including the short-term needs of countries in transition to a market economy;", "(g)Requested the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Europe to provide the Working Party with secretariat and conference support in accordance with the rules and practices of the UNECE.", "In order to make the best use of the time allotted, the Working Party should adopt at its second session, which is tentatively scheduled to be held from 30 May to 1 June 1994, the report of its first session, which will have been prepared by the secretariat.", "Item 1: Adoption of the agenda", "In accordance with the Commission's rules of procedure, the first item on the provisional agenda is the adoption of the agenda.", "Item 2:Progress in other international activities related to the \"Environment for Europe\" process", "The Working Party will be informed, inter alia, about the activities of the Task Force on the Implementation of the Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe and the Project Preparation Committee, as well as relevant activities of the Council of Europe and other international governmental and non-governmental organizations.The Bureau of the Working Group will report on its contacts with the main organizations involved in the process.The Chairs of the Task Force on the Implementation of the Environment Programme for Central and Eastern Europe and the Project Preparation Committee will be invited to present progress reports.", "Item 3: Substantive preparations for the ministerial conference", "In addition to the elements related to the Ecological Programme for Europe, the Working Group will consider the documents and substantive issues that the Ministerial Conference could be considered.To facilitate the discussion, the secretariat will present proposals and notes on specific issues identified in the Lucerne Ministerial Declaration, such as public participation, compliance with environmental conventions, air pollution and transboundary water pollution, energy efficiency and human settlements.Delegations will be invited to submit proposals on issues that may be discussed.", "Item 4: Further development of the Ecological Programme for Europe", "The Working Party will consider possible ways of considering the further development of the Ecological Programme for Europe based on the State of the Environment in Europe Report prepared by the Commission of the European Communities (CCE) in collaboration with the UN/ECE.To facilitate the discussion, the secretariat will circulate a note, in consultation with the CCE.Representatives of the CEC will be invited to make a presentation on the issue.The Working Group will be called upon to decide on appropriate action in this area.", "Item 5: Participation of the informal sector", "The Working Group will consider modalities for participation in the preparations for the ministerial conference of interested entities in the informal sector, including industry and alliances or coordination groups formed by national environmental non-governmental organizations.", "Item 6: Work plan", "The Working Group will develop its plan and methodology of work in the light of the results of the consideration of the various agenda items.", "Item 7: Other matters", "To date, the secretariat has no questions to propose under this item.", "-----" ]	"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"
"FEdJiT93aNj8rPhLI0KlH9oCVhxjsgLwfS4cWsNmeJI="	en	fr	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "E/CN.4/1994/29", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "Original: FRENCH", "COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS", "Fiftieth session", "Item 10 (a) of the provisional agenda", "QUESTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF ALL PERSONS SUBJECTED TO", "ANY FORM OF DETENTION OR IMPRISONMENT, IN PARTICULAR:", "TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT", "OR PUNISHMENT", "United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture", "Report by the Secretary-General", "1. The United Nations pays special attention to the elimination of torture, which is strictly prohibited by a large number of rules of international law and is not to be tolerated under any circumstances, even during states of emergency or armed conflict. Torture is one of the most serious violations of human integrity, since it may lead to physical and mental consequences which can last for years or even be irreversible.", "2. Despite the various measures taken by the United Nations to encourage the implementation of rules for protection against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, torture continues to be used", "in many countries. In order to assist the victims of torture, the General Assembly decided, in resolution 36/151, to establish the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture. The Fund receives", "GE.93-85740 (E)", "voluntary contributions for distribution, through established channels of assistance, in the form of medical, psychological, economic, social, legal, financial or other aid to organizations providing assistance to individuals who have been victims of torture and to relatives of such victims.", "3. The General Assembly, in resolution 36/151, authorized the Fund's Board of Trustees to promote and solicit contributions and pledges. It also appealed to all Governments to respond favourably to requests for regular contributions to the Fund. The Fund also receives gifts from non‑governmental organizations and private individuals.", "4. In accordance with the arrangements (A/36/540) adopted in 1981 by the General Assembly in resolution 36/151 of 16 December 1981, the Secretary‑General reports every year to the Commission on Human Rights on the management of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, indicating the sums at the Fund's disposal, the pledges and payments received, as well as the disbursements under the Fund. This report has been drafted in conformity with the above arrangements.", "Consolidated report on 10 years of activity", "5. The Commission on Human Rights at its forty-eighth session, in resolution 1992/27 of 28 February 1992, requested the Secretary‑General to submit to the Commission at its forty-ninth session a consolidated report on the work carried out by the Fund during its 10 years of activity (1982‑1992).", "6. The report (E/CN.4/1993/23) was also transmitted to members of the Committee against Torture and to members of the Fund's Board of Trustees. The Secretary‑General submitted to the General Assembly at its forty‑eighth session a revised version updated to 6 October 1993 (A/48/520), which is available to the Commission on Human Rights at its present session and contains information on contributions received and programmes supported to date.", "Fund‑raising campaign", "7. The Fund is administered, pursuant to General Assembly resolution 36/151, by the Secretary‑General, assisted by a Board of Trustees which has been authorized by the General Assembly to promote and solicit contributions and pledges. The Board of Trustees currently consists of the following persons, chosen by the Secretary‑General for their wide experience in the field of human rights and acting in their personal capacity: Mr. Jaap Walkate, Chairman, Mrs. Elisabeth Odio Benito, Mr. Ribot Hatano, Mr. Ivan Tosevski and Mr. S. Amos Wako.", "8. In resolution 1993/38 of 5 March 1993, the Commission recalled the statement by the Board of Trustees on the need to receive contributions from Governments on a regular basis, with a view to preventing the interruption of programmes of assistance to victims of torture in the continuation of which the Fund plays an instrumental role.", "9. The Commission also took account of the fund‑raising campaign launched on the recommendation of the Board of Trustees at its eleventh session, in 1992, with a view to enhancing the Fund's capacity to respond more favourably to the increasing number of requests for assistance to victims of torture.", "10. The Commission expressed its gratitude and appreciation to Governments, organizations and individuals that had already contributed to the Fund, and appealed to all Governments, organizations and individuals in a position to do so to respond favourably to the fund‑raising campaign and to requests for contributions, on a regular basis if possible.", "11. The Secretary‑General was requested to transmit to all Governments the appeal for contributions to the Fund made by the Commission in its resolution 1993/38. On behalf of the Secretary‑General, Mr. Ibrahima Fall, Assistant Secretary‑General for Human Rights, sent to all Governments on 19 October 1993 a letter referring to the Commission's resolution 1993/38, and transmitting a letter from the Chairman of the Board of Trustees calling on every Government to respond favourably to the appeals made by the Commission and by the General Assembly in resolution 47/109. The Assistant Secretary‑General for Human Rights strongly supported the request by the Chairman, Mr. Jaap Walkate, for regular and substantial contributions, with a view to maintaining the Fund's support to tens of thousands of victims of torture over a long period. The experience of organizations supported by the Fund indicates that the physical and psychological after‑effects of torture can persist for years after the act of torture has been committed. In addition, Mr. Fall pointed out that in 1993 the Fund should have paid out almost $4 million in response to applications for assistance, whereas it had only $2 million at its disposal.", "12. The Governments which have responded favourably to these appeals by making a contribution between 5 October 1993 and the date of submission of the present report are the following:", "Government Contribution/Year Number/amount of previous", "contributions", "(in US$) (in US$)", "Austria 10 000 for 1993 9th 10 000 (1992)", "Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 5 000 for 1993 2nd 5 000 (1988)", "Sweden [1] 247 142 for 1993 7th 173 631 (1992)", "13. At the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities, held in New York on 2 and 3 November 1993, Governments of the following States made pledges for the year 1994:", "Government Local currency Estimate Number/amount of previous contributions", "(in US$) (in US$)", "Algeria DA 5 000 219 1st contribution", "Germany DM 200 000 119 04812th/pledge of", "DM 194 000 for 1993 [2]", "Chile 2 000 2nd/2 000 for 1991 [3]", "Iceland ISK 250 000 3 853 8th/5 350 for 1992 [4]", "Liechtenstein SwF 10 000 6th/6 438 for 1992 [5]", "Luxembourg LuxF 100 000 2 778 10th/3 018 for 1992 [6]", "Netherlands f. 200 000 106 383 13th/115 607 for 1993", "Tunisia D 1 500 1 5155th/two contributions had been paid for 1993: 1 948 and 1 753 [7]", "Total 237 924", "14. Figures for 1993 pledges made prior to 2 November 1993 are given in the report to the General Assembly (A/48/520, para. 24).", "15. On 28 April 1993, the Board of Trustees recommended that virtually all of the sums then available for grants should be allocated to projects designated for effective implementation as from 1993. On 14 May, the Chairman of the Board officially submitted all the recommendations approved by the Board to the Secretary‑General. After approval of those recommendations by the Assistant Secretary‑General for Human Rights, on behalf of the Secretary‑General, on 28 May all organizations were informed of the decisions taken, and a first tranche of grants, amounting to US$ 1,553,300, was made to the programmes concerned on 14 June. Subsequently, satisfactory reports were received with regard to other programmes which were subject to conditions (submission of narrative reports, financial reports or auditors' reports on previous grants, additional information requested by the Board, etc.), and the secretariat of the Fund, after the necessary consultations with the Chairman of the Board, was able to free an additional sum of US$ 172,500. Accordingly, out of a total of US$ 2,056,880 allocated by the Board in April 1993, a sum of US$ 331,080 remains outstanding, pending receipt of latest reports and satisfactory information.", "Promotional activities", "16. The film \"Off Limits\", partly subsidized by the Fund, has been made available to a dozen or so institutions also in receipt of grants by the Fund, and is currently being used for training experts and for educating the general public.", "17. The address for applications for grants or information about the Fund is:", "United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture (UNVFVT)", "Centre for Human Rights", "United Nations", "CH‑1211 Geneva 10", "Tel: (4122) 917 33 94 or 917 33 95", "Fax: (4122) 917 01 23", "18. Voluntary contributions from Governments, foundations, non‑governmental organizations or individuals may be sent by cheque or bank transfer to:", "\"United Nations Geneva General Fund\", marked", "\"For attention United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture\" Chemical Bank", "United Nations", "New York, NY 10017", "United States of America", "Account No. 015‑004473 in United States dollars, or to:", "Société de Banque Suisse", "Boite postale 2770", "CH‑1211 Geneva 2", "Switzerland", "Account Nos. CO.590.160.1 in United States dollars or CO.590.160.0 in Swiss francs, or by cheque to:", "Treasury", "Office 213", "United Nations", "CH‑1211, Geneva 10", "Switzerland", "Notes", "[1] Sweden doubled the amount of its contribution from SKr 1 million in 1992 to SKr 2 million in 1993.", "[2] Germany contributed DM 150,000 in 1983, and DM 200,000 annually from 1984 to 1992. The Government pledged a contribution of DM 194,000 for 1993, and announced that it would be paid before the end of that year. At the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities, the Government orally pledged DM 200,000 for 1994, a pledge still to be confirmed in writing.", "[3] Payment of the first contribution, made in 1993, is in fulfilment of a pledge made in 1991.", "[4] Iceland has made no pledge for 1993. Its pledge for 1994 is subject to parliamentary approval.", "[5] Liechtenstein contributed a sum of SwF 5,000 in 1984, 1986 and 1988, and a sum of SwF 10,000 in 1991 and 1992. The Government has announced its intention to make a payment for 1993 before the end of the year.", "[6] Luxembourg has made no pledge for 1993.", "[7] The Tunisian Government has made an oral pledge which is still to be confirmed in writing.", "- - - - -" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERALE", "E/CN.4/l994/29", "30 novembre 1993", "Original : FRANCAIS", "COMMISSION DES DROITS DE L'HOMME", "Cinquantième session", "Point 10 a) de l'ordre du jour provisoire", "QUESTION DES DROITS DE L'HOMME DE TOUTES LES PERSONNES SOUMISES", "A UNE FORME QUELCONQUE DE DETENTION OU D'EMPRISONNEMENT, EN PARTICULIER :", "TORTURE ET AUTRES PEINES OU TRAITEMENTS CRUELS, INHUMAINS OU DEGRADANTS", "Fonds de contributions volontaires des Nations Unies", "pour les victimes de la torture", "Rapport du Secrétaire général", "Introduction", "1. L'Organisation des Nations Unies consacre une attention particulière à l'élimination de la torture, qui est formellement interdite par de nombreuses normes internationales et ne peut être tolérée en aucune circonstance, y compris pendant des états d'exception ou de conflit armé. La torture constitue l'une des atteintes les plus graves à l'intégrité humaine, car elle peut causer des séquelles physiques et psychiques susceptibles de durer des années ou d'être irréversibles.", "2. Malgré les différentes mesures prises par les Nations Unies pour favoriser l'application des normes relatives à la protection contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants, la pratique de la torture continue dans de nombreux pays. Pour venir en aide aux victimes, l'Assemblée générale des Nations Unies a décidé, par sa résolution 36/151, de créer le Fonds de contributions volontaires des Nations Unies pour les victimes de la torture. Le Fonds reçoit des contributions volontaires et les distribue, par des voies établies en matière d'assistance, sous forme d'aide médicale, psychologique, économique, sociale, juridique, financière et autre, à des organisations portant assistance à des individus victimes de la torture et aux membres des familles de ces victimes.", "GE.93-85741 (F)", "3. Par sa résolution 36/151, l'Assemblée générale a autorisé le Conseil d'administration du Fonds à encourager et à solliciter des contributions et des annonces de contributions. Elle a également lancé un appel à tous les gouvernements pour qu'ils répondent favorablement et régulièrement aux", "demandes de contributions. Le Fonds reçoit également des dons d'organisations non gouvernementales et de particuliers.", "4. Conformément aux arrangements (A/36/540) adoptés en 1981 par l'Assemblée générale dans sa résolution 36/151 du 16 décembre 1981, le Secrétaire général fait rapport chaque année à la Commission des droits de l'homme sur l'administration du Fonds de contributions volontaires des Nations Unies pour les victimes de la torture, en indiquant les sommes disponibles, les annonces de contributions et les versements reçus, ainsi que les dépenses effectuées par prélèvement sur le Fonds. Le présent rapport a été établi selon les arrangements susmentionnés.", "Rapport de synthèse sur les dix années d'activité", "5. A sa quarante‑huitième session, par sa résolution 1992/27 du", "28 février 1992, la Commission des droits de l'homme a prié le Secrétaire général de présenter à la Commission, lors de sa quarante‑neuvième session, un rapport de synthèse sur le travail accompli par le Fonds pendant ses dix années d'activité (1982-1992).", "6. Ce rapport (E/CN.4/1993/23) a été également communiqué aux membres du Comité contre la torture et aux membres du Conseil d'administration du Fonds. Le Secrétaire général a soumis à l'Assemblée générale à sa quarante‑huitième session une version révisée et mise à jour au 6 octobre 1993 (A/48/520), qui est à la disposition de la Commission des droits de l'homme à la présente session et qui contient des informations sur les contributions reçues et les programmes subventionnés jusqu'à cette date.", "Campagne de collecte de fonds", "7. En application de la résolution 36/151 de l'Assemblée générale, le Fonds est géré par le Secrétaire général, assisté d'un Conseil d'administration que l'Assemblée a autorisé à encourager et à solliciter des contributions et des annonces de contributions. Le Conseil d'administration se compose actuellement des personnes suivantes choisies par le Secrétaire général pour leur vaste expérience dans le domaine des droits de l'homme et qui siègent à titre individuel : M. Jaap Walkate, président, Mme Elisabeth Odio Benito,", "M. Ribot Hatano, M. Ivan Tosevski et M. S. Amos Wako.", "8. Par sa résolution 1993/38 du 5 mars 1993, la Commission a rappelé la déclaration du Conseil d'administration quant à la nécessité de recevoir des contributions régulières des gouvernements afin d'empêcher l'interruption de programmes d'assistance aux victimes de la torture dans la poursuite desquels le Fonds joue un rôle déterminant.", "9. La Commission a aussi pris en considération la campagne de collecte de fonds organisée, sur la recommandation du Conseil d'administration à sa onzième session en 1992, afin de donner au Fonds des moyens accrus pour répondre plus favorablement au nombre croissant de demandes d'aide aux victimes de la torture.", "10. La Commission a exprimé sa gratitude et ses remerciements aux gouvernements, aux organisations et aux particuliers qui ont déjà versé des contributions au Fonds et elle a lancé un appel à tous les gouvernements, à toutes les organisations et à tous les particuliers en mesure de le faire, pour qu'ils répondent favorablement à la campagne de collecte de fonds et aux demandes de contributions, si possible de façon régulière.", "11. Le Secrétaire général a été prié de transmettre à tous les gouvernements", "l'appel de contributions au Fonds que leur a adressé la Commission par sa résolution 1993/38. Au nom du Secrétaire général, M. Ibrahima Fall, sous‑secrétaire général aux droits de l'homme, a adressé à tous les gouvernements, le 19 octobre 1993, une lettre mentionnant la résolution 1993/38 de la Commission et transmettant une lettre du Président du Conseil d'administration demandant à chaque gouvernement de bien vouloir répondre favorablement aux appels lancés par la Commission et par l'Assemblée générale, dans sa résolution 47/109. Le Sous‑Secrétaire général aux droits de l'homme appuyait vivement la requête du Président, M. Jaap Walkate, en faveur d'une contribution régulière et importante, afin de maintenir le soutien donné par le Fonds à des dizaines de milliers de victimes de la torture sur une longue période. En effet, l'expérience des organisations soutenues par le Fonds indique que les séquelles physiques et psychologiques de la torture peuvent durer des années après que l'acte de torture ait été commis. En outre, M. Fall soulignait qu'en 1993, pour répondre aux demandes d'assistance, le Fonds aurait dû accorder près de 4 millions de dollars, alors qu'il ne disposait que de 2 millions.", "12. Les gouvernements qui ont répondu favorablement à ces appels en versant une contribution depuis le 5 octobre 1993 et jusqu'à la date de soumission du présent rapport sont les suivants :", "Gouvernement Contribution/Année Fréquence/Montant précédent", "(en dollars E.-U.) (en dollars E.-U.)", "Autriche 10 000 pour 1993 9ème 10 000 (1992)", "Jamahiriya arabe libyenne 5 000 pour 1993 2ème 5 000 (1988)", "Suède [1] 247 142 pour 1993 7ème 173 631 (1992)", "13. Lors de la Conférence des Nations Unies pour les annonces de contributions aux activités de développement, qui s'est tenue à New York", "les 2 et 3 novembre 1993, les gouvernements des Etats ci‑dessous ont fait des annonces de contributions pour l'année 1994 :", "Gouvernement Monnaie locale Estimation Fréquence/Montant précédent", "(en dollars E.-U.) (en dollars E.-U.)", "Algérie D 5 000 219 1ère contribution", "Allemagne DM 200 000 119 048 12ème/Annonce de 194 000 DM", "pour 1993 [2]", "Chili 2 000 2ème/2 000 pour 1991 [3]", "Islande KR 250 000 3 853 8ème/5 350 pour 1992 [4]", "Liechtenstein FrS 10 000 6ème/6 438 pour 1992 [5]", "Luxembourg FL 100 000 2 778 10ème/3 018 pour 1992 [6]", "Pays‑Bas Fl 200 000 106 383 13ème/115 607 pour 1993", "Tunisie D 1 500 1 515 5ème/2 contributions ont", "été versées pour 1993 :", "1 948 et 1 753 [7]", "Total 237 924", "14. Les annonces de contributions pour 1993 antérieures au 2 novembre 1993 figurent dans le rapport à l'Assemblée générale (A/48/520, par. 24).", "15. Le 28 avril 1993, le Conseil d'administration a recommandé que la quasi‑totalité des sommes alors disponibles pour des subventions soient affectées aux projets retenus, dont la mise en oeuvre devrait être effective dès 1993. Le 14 mai, le Président du Conseil a officiellement soumis au Secrétaire général l'ensemble des recommandations approuvées par le Conseil. Après approbation par le Sous‑Secrétaire général aux droits de l'homme, au nom du Secrétaire général, le 28 mai, toutes les organisations ont été informées des décisions prises et une première tranche de subventions a été versée à des programmes le 14 juin pour un montant de 1 553 300 dollars des Etats‑Unis. Par la suite, des rapport satisfaisants ont été reçus à propos d'autres programmes auxquels des conditions étaient attachées (soumission de rapport narratifs, financiers ou de contrôle des comptes sur des subventions antérieures, informations complémentaires souhaitées par le Conseil, etc.) et le secrétariat du Fonds a pu libérer, après consultation avec le Président du Conseil lorsque nécessaire, une somme supplémentaire de 172 500 dollars des Etats‑Unis. Sur un total, affecté par le Conseil en avril 1993, de 2 056 880 dollars, il reste donc en suspens une somme de 33l 080 dollars, dans l'attente des derniers rapports et informations satisfaisants.", "Activités de promotion", "16. Le film \"Raisons d'Etat\", subventionné en partie par le Fonds, a été mis à la disposition d'une douzaine d'institutions subventionnées elles aussi par le Fonds et sert actuellement à la formation de spécialistes et à l'information du grand public.", "17. L'adresse à laquelle les demandes de subvention ou d'informations sur le Fonds doivent être adressées est :", "Fonds de contributions volontaires des Nations Unies", "pour les victimes de la torture (FCVNUVT)", "Centre pour les droits de l'homme, ONU", "CH-1211 Genève 10", "téléphone (4122) 917 33 94 ou 917 33 95", "télécopie (4122) 917 01 23", "18. Les contributions volontaires de gouvernements, de fondations, d'organisations non gouvernementales ou d'individus peuvent être adressées par chèques ou transferts à :", "\"United Nations Geneva General Fund\", avec la mention", "\"à l'attention du Fonds de contributions volontaires des", "Nations Unies pour les victimes de la torture\", à :", "‑ Chemical Bank, Nations Unies, New York, N.Y. 10017, Etats‑Unis", "Numéro de compte 015‑004473, en dollars des Etats‑Unis, ou à :", "‑ Société de Banque Suisse, boîte postale 2770", "CH‑1211 Genève 2, Suisse", "Numéros de comptes CO.590.160.1, en dollars des Etats‑Unis, ou", "CO.590.160.0, en francs suisses, ou par chèque à :", "‑ Trésorerie, bureau 213", "Office des Nations Unies", "CH‑1211 Genève 10", "Notes", "[1] La Suède a multiplié par deux le montant de sa contribution, passant de 1 000 000 SEK en 1992 à 2 000 000 en 1993.", "[2] L'Allemagne a contribué pour 150 000 DM en 1983, puis pour 200 000 DM chaque année depuis 1984 jusqu'en 1992. Le gouvernement a annoncé une contribution de 194 000 DM pour 1993 et a signalé que le versement sera effectué avant la fin de l'année 1993. Lors de la Conférence pour les annonces de contributions pour 1994, le gouvernement a fait une annonce orale de contribution de 200 000 DM pour 1994, qui reste à être confirmée par écrit.", "[3] Le paiement de la première contribution, effectué en 1993, matérialise une annonce faite en 1991.", "[4] L'Islande n'a pas fait d'annonce de contribution pour 1993. L'annonce de contribution pour 1994 dépend d'une approbation parlementaire.", "[5] Le Liechtenstein a contribué pour 5 000 francs suisses en 1984, 1986 et 1988, puis pour 10 000 francs suisses en 1991 et 1992. Le gouvernement a annoncé un paiement pour 1993 avant la fin de l'année.", "[6] Le Luxembourg n'a pas fait d'annonce de contribution pour 1993.", "[7] Le Gouvernement tunisien a fait une annonce orale de contribution qui reste à être confirmée par écrit.", "-----" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "E/CN.4/1994/29", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "Original: FRENCH", "COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS", "Fiftieth session", "Item 10 (a) of the provisional agenda", "QUESTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF ALL PERSONS SUBJECTED TO", "ANY FORM OF DETENTION OR IMPRISONMENT, IN PARTICULAR:", "TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT", "OR PUNISHMENT", "United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture", "Report by the Secretary-General", "1. The United Nations pays special attention to the elimination of torture, which is strictly prohibited by a large number of rules of international law and is not to be tolerated under any circumstances, even during states of emergency or armed conflict. Torture is one of the most serious violations of human integrity, since it may lead to physical and mental consequences which can last for years or even be irreversible.", "2. Despite the various measures taken by the United Nations to encourage the implementation of rules for protection against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, torture continues to be used", "in many countries. In order to assist the victims of torture, the General Assembly decided, in resolution 36/151, to establish the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture. The Fund receives", "GE.93-85740 (E)", "voluntary contributions for distribution, through established channels of assistance, in the form of medical, psychological, economic, social, legal, financial or other aid to organizations providing assistance to individuals who have been victims of torture and to relatives of such victims.", "3. The General Assembly, in resolution 36/151, authorized the Fund's Board of Trustees to promote and solicit contributions and pledges. It also appealed to all Governments to respond favourably to requests for regular contributions to the Fund. The Fund also receives gifts from non‑governmental organizations and private individuals.", "4. In accordance with the arrangements (A/36/540) adopted in 1981 by the General Assembly in resolution 36/151 of 16 December 1981, the Secretary‑General reports every year to the Commission on Human Rights on the management of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, indicating the sums at the Fund's disposal, the pledges and payments received, as well as the disbursements under the Fund. This report has been drafted in conformity with the above arrangements.", "Consolidated report on 10 years of activity", "5. The Commission on Human Rights at its forty-eighth session, in resolution 1992/27 of 28 February 1992, requested the Secretary‑General to submit to the Commission at its forty-ninth session a consolidated report on the work carried out by the Fund during its 10 years of activity (1982‑1992).", "6. The report (E/CN.4/1993/23) was also transmitted to members of the Committee against Torture and to members of the Fund's Board of Trustees. The Secretary‑General submitted to the General Assembly at its forty‑eighth session a revised version updated to 6 October 1993 (A/48/520), which is available to the Commission on Human Rights at its present session and contains information on contributions received and programmes supported to date.", "Fund‑raising campaign", "7. The Fund is administered, pursuant to General Assembly resolution 36/151, by the Secretary‑General, assisted by a Board of Trustees which has been authorized by the General Assembly to promote and solicit contributions and pledges. The Board of Trustees currently consists of the following persons, chosen by the Secretary‑General for their wide experience in the field of human rights and acting in their personal capacity: Mr. Jaap Walkate, Chairman, Mrs. Elisabeth Odio Benito, Mr. Ribot Hatano, Mr. Ivan Tosevski and Mr. S. Amos Wako.", "8. In resolution 1993/38 of 5 March 1993, the Commission recalled the statement by the Board of Trustees on the need to receive contributions from Governments on a regular basis, with a view to preventing the interruption of programmes of assistance to victims of torture in the continuation of which the Fund plays an instrumental role.", "9. The Commission also took account of the fund‑raising campaign launched on the recommendation of the Board of Trustees at its eleventh session, in 1992, with a view to enhancing the Fund's capacity to respond more favourably to the increasing number of requests for assistance to victims of torture.", "10. The Commission expressed its gratitude and appreciation to Governments, organizations and individuals that had already contributed to the Fund, and appealed to all Governments, organizations and individuals in a position to do so to respond favourably to the fund‑raising campaign and to requests for contributions, on a regular basis if possible.", "11. The Secretary‑General was requested to transmit to all Governments the appeal for contributions to the Fund made by the Commission in its resolution 1993/38. On behalf of the Secretary‑General, Mr. Ibrahima Fall, Assistant Secretary‑General for Human Rights, sent to all Governments on 19 October 1993 a letter referring to the Commission's resolution 1993/38, and transmitting a letter from the Chairman of the Board of Trustees calling on every Government to respond favourably to the appeals made by the Commission and by the General Assembly in resolution 47/109. The Assistant Secretary‑General for Human Rights strongly supported the request by the Chairman, Mr. Jaap Walkate, for regular and substantial contributions, with a view to maintaining the Fund's support to tens of thousands of victims of torture over a long period. The experience of organizations supported by the Fund indicates that the physical and psychological after‑effects of torture can persist for years after the act of torture has been committed. In addition, Mr. Fall pointed out that in 1993 the Fund should have paid out almost $4 million in response to applications for assistance, whereas it had only $2 million at its disposal.", "12. The Governments which have responded favourably to these appeals by making a contribution between 5 October 1993 and the date of submission of the present report are the following:", "Government Contribution/Year Number/amount of previous", "contributions", "(in US$) (in US$)", "Austria 10 000 for 1993 9th 10 000 (1992)", "Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 5 000 for 1993 2nd 5 000 (1988)", "Sweden [1] 247 142 for 1993 7th 173 631 (1992)", "13. At the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities, held in New York on 2 and 3 November 1993, Governments of the following States made pledges for the year 1994:", "Government Local currency Estimate Number/amount of previous contributions", "(in US$) (in US$)", "Algeria DA 5 000 219 1st contribution", "Germany DM 200 000 119 04812th/pledge of", "DM 194 000 for 1993 [2]", "Chile 2 000 2nd/2 000 for 1991 [3]", "Iceland ISK 250 000 3 853 8th/5 350 for 1992 [4]", "Liechtenstein SwF 10 000 6th/6 438 for 1992 [5]", "Luxembourg LuxF 100 000 2 778 10th/3 018 for 1992 [6]", "Netherlands f. 200 000 106 383 13th/115 607 for 1993", "Tunisia D 1 500 1 5155th/two contributions had been paid for 1993: 1 948 and 1 753 [7]", "Total 237 924", "14. Figures for 1993 pledges made prior to 2 November 1993 are given in the report to the General Assembly (A/48/520, para. 24).", "15. On 28 April 1993, the Board of Trustees recommended that virtually all of the sums then available for grants should be allocated to projects designated for effective implementation as from 1993. On 14 May, the Chairman of the Board officially submitted all the recommendations approved by the Board to the Secretary‑General. After approval of those recommendations by the Assistant Secretary‑General for Human Rights, on behalf of the Secretary‑General, on 28 May all organizations were informed of the decisions taken, and a first tranche of grants, amounting to US$ 1,553,300, was made to the programmes concerned on 14 June. Subsequently, satisfactory reports were received with regard to other programmes which were subject to conditions (submission of narrative reports, financial reports or auditors' reports on previous grants, additional information requested by the Board, etc.), and the secretariat of the Fund, after the necessary consultations with the Chairman of the Board, was able to free an additional sum of US$ 172,500. Accordingly, out of a total of US$ 2,056,880 allocated by the Board in April 1993, a sum of US$ 331,080 remains outstanding, pending receipt of latest reports and satisfactory information.", "Promotional activities", "16. The film \"Off Limits\", partly subsidized by the Fund, has been made available to a dozen or so institutions also in receipt of grants by the Fund, and is currently being used for training experts and for educating the general public.", "17. The address for applications for grants or information about the Fund is:", "United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture (UNVFVT)", "Centre for Human Rights", "United Nations", "CH‑1211 Geneva 10", "Tel: (4122) 917 33 94 or 917 33 95", "Fax: (4122) 917 01 23", "18. Voluntary contributions from Governments, foundations, non‑governmental organizations or individuals may be sent by cheque or bank transfer to:", "\"United Nations Geneva General Fund\", marked", "\"For attention United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture\" Chemical Bank", "United Nations", "New York, NY 10017", "United States of America", "Account No. 015‑004473 in United States dollars, or to:", "Société de Banque Suisse", "Boite postale 2770", "CH‑1211 Geneva 2", "Switzerland", "Account Nos. CO.590.160.1 in United States dollars or CO.590.160.0 in Swiss francs, or by cheque to:", "Treasury", "Office 213", "United Nations", "CH‑1211, Geneva 10", "Switzerland", "Notes", "[1] Sweden doubled the amount of its contribution from SKr 1 million in 1992 to SKr 2 million in 1993.", "[2] Germany contributed DM 150,000 in 1983, and DM 200,000 annually from 1984 to 1992. The Government pledged a contribution of DM 194,000 for 1993, and announced that it would be paid before the end of that year. At the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities, the Government orally pledged DM 200,000 for 1994, a pledge still to be confirmed in writing.", "[3] Payment of the first contribution, made in 1993, is in fulfilment of a pledge made in 1991.", "[4] Iceland has made no pledge for 1993. Its pledge for 1994 is subject to parliamentary approval.", "[5] Liechtenstein contributed a sum of SwF 5,000 in 1984, 1986 and 1988, and a sum of SwF 10,000 in 1991 and 1992. The Government has announced its intention to make a payment for 1993 before the end of the year.", "[6] Luxembourg has made no pledge for 1993.", "[7] The Tunisian Government has made an oral pledge which is still to be confirmed in writing.", "- - - - -" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "E/CN.4/l994/29", "30 November 1993", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS", "Fiftieth session", "Item 10 (a) of the provisional agenda", "QUESTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF ALL PERSONS SUBMITTED", "TO ANY FORM OF DETENTION OR EMPLOYMENT, IN PARTICULAR:", "TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PEIN", "United Nations Voluntary Fund", "for Victims of Torture", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Introduction", "1.The United Nations devotes particular attention to the elimination of torture, which is formally prohibited by many international standards and cannot be tolerated under any circumstances, including during states of emergency or armed conflict.Torture is one of the most serious violations of human integrity, as it can cause physical and psychological sequelae that can last for years or be irreversible.", "2.Despite the various measures taken by the United Nations to promote the application of the standards of protection against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the practice of torture continues in many countries.In order to assist victims, the United Nations General Assembly, in its resolution 36/151, decided to establish the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture.The Fund receives voluntary contributions and distributes them through established channels of assistance, in the form of medical, psychological, economic, social, legal, financial and other assistance, to organizations assisting individuals who are victims of torture and their families.", "GE.93-85741 (F)", "3.By its resolution 36/151, the General Assembly authorized the Board of Trustees of the Fund to encourage and solicit contributions and pledges.It also called on all Governments to respond favourably and regularly to the", "Requests for contributions.The Fund also receives donations from non-governmental organizations and individuals.", "4.In accordance with the arrangements (A/36/540) adopted in 1981 by the General Assembly in its resolution 36/151 of 16 December 1981, the Secretary-General reports annually to the Commission on Human Rights on the administration of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, indicating the availability of funds, pledges and payments received, as well as expenditures made from the Fund.The present report has been prepared in accordance with the above-mentioned arrangements.", "Summary report on the ten years of activity", "5.At its forty-eighth session, by its resolution 1992/27 of", "28 February 1992, the Commission on Human Rights requested the Secretary-General to submit to the Commission at its forty-ninth session a consolidated report on the work of the Fund during its ten years of operation (1982-1992).", "6.The report (E/CN.4/1993/23) was also made available to the members of the Committee against Torture and the members of the Board of Trustees of the Fund.The Secretary-General has submitted to the General Assembly at its forty-eighth session a revised and updated version as at 6 October 1993 (A/48/520), which is available to the Commission on Human Rights at the present session and which contains information on contributions received and subsidized programmes up to that date.", "Fund-raising campaign", "7.Pursuant to General Assembly resolution 36/151, the Fund is administered by the Secretary-General, assisted by a Board of Trustees authorized by the Assembly to encourage and solicit contributions and pledges.The Executive Board is currently composed of the following persons selected by the Secretary-General for their extensive experience in the field of human rights and serving in their individual capacity: Mr. Jaap Walkate, President, Ms. Elisabeth Odio Benito,", "Mr. Ribot Hatano, Mr. Ivan Tosevski and Mr. S. Amos Wako.", "8.In its resolution 1993/38 of 5 March 1993, the Commission recalled the statement of the Governing Council on the need for regular contributions from Governments in order to prevent the interruption of programmes of assistance to victims of torture, in the continuation of which the Fund plays a key role.", "9.The Commission also took into account the fund-raising campaign, which was organized on the recommendation of the Board at its eleventh session in 1992, in order to strengthen the Fund's capacity to respond more favourably to the increasing number of requests for assistance to victims of torture.", "10.The Commission expressed its gratitude and appreciation to Governments, organizations and individuals that have already contributed to the Fund and appealed to all Governments, organizations and individuals in a position to do so to respond favourably to the fund-raising campaign and requests for contributions, if possible on a regular basis.", "11.The Secretary-General has been requested to transmit to all Governments", "the appeal of the Commission to the Fund pursuant to its resolution 1993/38.On behalf of the Secretary-General, Mr. Ibrahima Fall, Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, addressed a letter to all Governments on 19 October 1993 mentioning Commission resolution 1993/38 and transmitting a letter from the Chairman of the Governing Council requesting each Government to respond favourably to the appeals made by the Commission and the General Assembly in its resolution 47/109.The Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights strongly supported the request of the President, Mr. Jaap Walkate, for a regular and significant contribution to maintain the Fund's support for tens of thousands of victims of torture over a long period of time.The experience of the organizations supported by the Fund indicates that the physical and psychological consequences of torture may last for years after the act of torture has been committed.In addition, he stressed that in 1993 in response to requests for assistance, the Fund should have provided nearly $4 million, compared with only $2 million.", "12.The Governments that responded favourably to these appeals by making a contribution from 5 October 1993 until the date of submission of this report are:", "Government Contribution/Year Frequency/Update", "(in US dollars) (in US dollars)", "Austria 10 000 for 1993 9th 10 000 (1992)", "Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 5,000 for 1993 2nd 5,000 (1988)", "Sweden [1] 247 142 for 1993 7th 173 631 (1992)", "13.At the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities, held in New York", "On 2 and 3 November 1993, the Governments of the following States made pledges for 1994:", "Government Local currency Estimate Frequency/Update", "(in US dollars) (in US dollars)", "Algeria D 5,000 219 1st contribution", "Germany DM 200 000 119 048 12th/Announcement of 194 000 DM", "for 1993 [2]", "Chile 2 000 2nd/2 000 for 1991 [3]", "Iceland KR 250 000 3 853 8th/5 350 for 1992 [4]", "Liechtenstein FrS 10 000 6th/6 438 for 1992 [5]", "Luxembourg FL 100 000 2 778 10th/3 018 for 1992 [6]", "Netherlands Fl 200 000 106 383 13th/115 607 for 1993", "Tunisia D 1,500 1,515 5th/2 contributions", "paid for 1993:", "1,948 and 1,753 [7]", "Total 237 924", "14.The 1993 pledges prior to 2 November 1993 are contained in the report to the General Assembly (A/48/520, para.", "15.On 28 April 1993, the Board of Directors recommended that almost all the amounts available for grants be allocated to the selected projects, which should be implemented by 1993.On 14 May, the President of the Council formally submitted to the Secretary-General all recommendations approved by the Council.After approval by the Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, on behalf of the Secretary-General on 28 May, all organizations were informed of the decisions taken and a first instalment of grants was paid to programmes on 14 June for an amount of US$ 1,553,300.Subsequently, satisfactory reports were received on other programmes with conditions (submission of narrative, financial or audit reports on previous grants, additional information requested by the Council, etc.) and the Fund secretariat was able to release, after consultation with the President of the Council when necessary, an additional amount of US$ 172,500.Of the total amount of $2,056,880 allocated by the Council in April 1993, there is therefore a pending amount of $33L,080 pending the receipt of the latest satisfactory reports and information.", "Promotion activities", "16.The film \"State Raisons\", partly funded by the Fund, has been made available to a dozen institutions also funded by the Fund and is currently used for the training of specialists and for informing the general public.", "17.The address to which applications for grants or information on the Fund should be sent is:", "United Nations Voluntary Fund", "for Victims of Torture (CNVVT)", "Centre for Human Rights, United Nations", "CH-1211 Geneva 10", "Tel. (4122) 917 33 94 or 917 33 95", "fax (4122) 917 01 23", "18.Voluntary contributions from Governments, foundations, non-governmental organizations or individuals may be sent by cheque or transfer to:", "United Nations Geneva General Fund, with the mention", "\"to the attention of the Voluntary Fund for the", "\"For Victims of Torture\", to:", "‐ Chemical Bank, United Nations, New York, N.Y. 10017, United States", "Account number 015‐004473, in United States dollars, or to:", "‐ Swiss Bank Corporation, postal box 2770", "CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland", "Account numbers CO.590.160.1, in United States dollars, or", "CO.590.160.0, in Swiss francs, or by cheque to:", "‐ Treasury, room 213", "United Nations Office at Geneva", "CH-1211 Geneva 10", "Notes", "[1] Sweden has doubled its contribution from SEK 1,000,000 in 1992 to SEK 2,000,000 in 1993.", "[2]Germany contributed DM 150 000 in 1983 and DM 200 000 each year from 1984 until 1992.The Government has announced a contribution of DM 194 000 for 1993 and has indicated that the payment will be made before the end of 1993.At the 1994 Pledging Conference, the Government made an oral pledge of DM 200,000 for 1994, which remains to be confirmed in writing.", "[3]The first contribution, made in 1993, is announced in 1991.", "[4]Iceland has not made any pledges for 1993.The 1994 contribution announcement is subject to parliamentary approval.", "[5] Liechtenstein contributed 5,000 Swiss francs in 1984, 1986 and 1988 and 10,000 Swiss francs in 1991 and 1992.The government announced a payment for 1993 before the end of the year.", "[6] Luxembourg has not made any pledges for 1993.", "[7]The Government of Tunisia has made an oral announcement of its contribution, which remains to be confirmed in writing.", "-----" 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1evXHrav6QftbimoN3XWnxJnYd0w87amW1ch2KZp61cJyPOst0oQYsYFUsNBKjQQDLFV5ZhAqIAiMAK3OYr8l0IkCjLspVLy19DWkeq6xZ9uk+THa9NCJGmo31Dml/fECuKJbAkGCCLCywxAyfG8JUoTCih6gIXeHxlCgSO8AAEjpAiO4iW84m0cuVMW0SZpsk2mibzeBoUEdJLRbbhBQhg4PLxOdMtcmxroghNW0Qg28rlLxXLx4QIjoEqvtIvbpHiDoGuW+ocp+uy7GUHD09zQ58YL5ULHl85hiSYCAvwBSm+EnONDY1j2MsOHiAxVi4XICvSxRKvCVL84sdJl6NlNkKOgeSwEwjxTSLuAl8SFzF4qWKwA43BDjQKKL5yeq/wc2AuXGAvlQDmsOOLQgE/vrIHICWsQQ5e0FsHDGkCPzRR4hWDlMPOkQl01OhH+GK7hms62hEvlcuPK76S21zL6HhBJ3DbyqVlK5fHcJkkTVAxAIuv9Do3jS0N4+V5nKN5Vi4Y26Z1L3zlilFf5cVLtQApvjLT3IcZIkfItJVrnjRtmyGyBLXiK1dCKBh4gbxI5qVyogKeFFwygMVXNkADRmCABoyAxVfCUKmxEqohQvLCiXjBUKlBUiO08sJ/eKmY8NIDE156sOIrqRAqwxRCZeih882Y4FeMTH3f0cQ3nNrJS4UGDEJESApTfKUCkLAj9fLCx1eGO8zUOkeNM6Hviz3mItOZYhKAFjEakNbRHks7xDrvH1WKi7ihT6wIGtKsXWRNRWriJBKKCxcrJWlZvFQ6qAKlgypQY/hKVAJ8eKonovjK8bMEGkpQQXEDAjTRAwZE8ZVEaOKKawSV4is1Fn+mdjKvHOcf5p1Be0O6cmWdzsq18bKVCxOtXJ5vnDGDf5qO4T36dE2nad+M5SXITXphAqfWLnve8eIxU4yGXXnZwSPLOOc8z0W329KNo/r8UHw8vr11OjaCITWnbefsNH+T8HTaf90+ll32DHOLrBSfpnc2fxM7gBiNriOms06GaRw33dKs08E2XoZt2jH6cU2WedjG2dli0tR157eYnjRjMDSgfsfqtJmMr6bhti882wuOdi49RuGrwUnKerRFrnm7g7AYxLKMwzjPw7SVywKiFcdIN2NK8hx+yzy5N9/5cc3V4Z8upiAlYahOmyeaP8Rx8QjeH+GSfZOutc6t8awUjx9Pi0IAMSo11HCDxwcY+PGVL5TggRNUoIYrvlJbkm++pzZRvTQwus0182pa2vxSnB/vEiVxTaft6DaPc7jtqgxB9QAeOzg3Vi79roHEyA+i7fX8iXixcG4453Fc63SelUvziFyo1M7JZ4OpmiQdU8jMDM0GgABjEEBAYGBwWCyhUSi2DxQAP1U8MyFNJBIxT2IUcwghQqZGBBAABQABaXR+2kTqCEAiDyTQ8ZoA9frrgx6NxBlzgoFJ8pL//6ZsEyG2Kp5mbiYBay+1UW1CwL8jJkaTxXwY1uzQCDM8YLqBLSF46Wa8G3+ridOgX6Hg0VJwYvh+NatDAF8lz5d80gM9ITpuo6tgFvlQY+HD6ILxwE9A0W1CtTy4aVa0Yed6tMzCdjXfldvd1VMwfU+JOLOJWbSqy53QU13Q8Av6d5J62IerYFhHEaY7C1Iy0inthXyGCUwLNWn+9lE3bXXDIJnHBb27+4DxrUG+6OlY8z129iRnEVAev1TXZW2D/t+j4EXlvNamvssuO4rqcS6See5PTBFdEDs2OHrBQxW2X3TjD0MJeAboNGhHqNHyhNt89sXLcCH+uwzYjWsq4R1uknd+mTFKiTD+Dry8O8LDwt7mn/cXADorJH4HqjLBhwlnK2AEDTQUhX3XgBRsxvLD13UQchd/gkohdGa1LLLFEcCOk5Bknhe9OeEJKhUUJlQ86BfWZGxLNL8kvNwrsXCDkqonecPD6rgQYFpN4hA6YMsBFvKU6qCciJOEozSr+jyWYIImfDeEp4XlMPwpH9Uh4caYsFl1eJqbJTKmEhrH8h0F7pDAnh1BCNvi8KAC8WRwaLFFYNLvPea9VGYEMHUS5U8rJ6Pc37AOWITDdooqhxdl7K0chNIZ+bx3ySmmIHL0Bu6Skv+VM+7voIy2fomrQTq23brJqUphQPuamAmp2kW3bqqWqUupc8AHR4DojlQ2Kgw7afdX1dZb+erBNq61HlfYmfwG8ugDHsMmHoFI7DQfI3QjYrlIV4YFcP2aDLMWJishYEb1cgNrnCxtcqivZBxGxGT1Glc9GNNueT1sMUGlPbyQwSe9OI58cLBEVinSvHuwFhgO4CYDfOyah4J7NpXL/ddvogsMxTcR1WVoDCA1CwgbaSoPvXr9GWZ8H6d826GjpCaF+GWRPd90KLj69ujFqFZ0zGAb/gsITbBI2FExudVoqdGBnTIOdSwrvw3nOeMxAgpw4gZkekjbP+2WNKGNtX9B8b+JVm1G4Mg/ysf0wmfNGXwNZlm/gT7v5GqiBKJ+ojgLyILYEeAsYYBcBYdNLW85fgXdyujlQufLfm3v5dS1ICgL6YObdvwDWkyUSO6UtG0z5ypHBjgNUKWaYiRiDPBH5UQzO57eTX7caRcn8YHbtJc5viumpuFdkin94FmZCzV/UCd0fdxZTnpdR463ifSQ6qZETopsCJKGyQ4U9FPUXDL08ja3nmnSMJwxY0w6NRY6IYN507pRvvfDe6nHNVmLz84EycxYPBICgTHc7cDEumYy4g9p8Xx7V49zhGxJpCsT+EfZofXLuDhw1S4tLyO6Nn/ZykGfmux9jK4hAROfp8Q7b1B1l2ZH/tZzeepDvlkMZQsb1ku4Y2I4DcDahxXLRjvBvtBIcCMsFT1rvHySSvFvKCuM8MdCTBr+lwCIJMPIhHafjq5eLl0xt5GdqGdxAXIjXH4ivN8fizwoG8+tzBgtrx11CY2k3IgDOojLhwY31dKdVCpZy0eVunYzpAW4FThkpFt9FOKdSgDDKMwQi8eVCvGOPBFla8epymIh9AeehcEAef/3ImqhKU2PhcUA6GzQLqPvpzo1o7SIhUQVA69jqUDNK6qZAcYEhiFRiHE8xsMU0o+rHmPwAQzf2YOTEqiOF7ExTl5Y7BUELISkDeA7NHbQ5zT34PIIqAHRmUplxeTD5vwLoIczi/+zUQ1ljg5ImYnHvGzQM4yNpANyqHKTNSWDaHorOqhEbWeHKKvTQGmk2d1sCQWA43LIIVcgLDa31td9gTL1w3nYpt4/U4OYA/PUdOS715WN7rCp0pgFsOjq6jTV0dCQXgywUgVbK+0JzSkHilAz8kG9gUrIh40/G8X5dTjXaDCCa6CTfXVKJSNuEY5V5P1QDcLOmneJVIhd8kU48s6rgjRFdHiCf5KB4W+RnWEyoU4NC+/uorCzupob2BxA8Vzc2FvPzoYmJSwQeP+Z2Hjqlxg+kxGgEp8Mvi7iFaRhcLqZv6ueHnpEbNkLwIE1eh3dvgD6tEDP7NAwaF5lyznZOwECcEIxyJAzS7OtBYg1XelOj2Lc2oAStdEpSQDp8HgE204xIXC8CXhidEskwCB+Dj+YBWfusJqiAFjZhhRVBbTMubknF3Y9SOCATP6BNVYEeXR/axg0PQ8YPzlZjWfLktTscUTiWf7dcqZNetjPMrWCaTBUMYk2kNKiyabgY87x62A4nE1lCUbtN774C/GdKdU0SsLX3otURogCQruuJzj3HhcT3DjWyRReMLsfTxjr4wF2pEobs+ipG90T5J32tMxdU/+9Uwoqq1UjurnSJwWQNG5v/XWAGepc1KeATDuw0QU9LIwGK8vwsAEkbW9PyO5GnLNKRwmKQs2wp0mFImIPnvxwfc1mKxJ5k03sRqap2kZy5FBwaR6XqIH4h0XXQVkfnoHGWfvE26fXVv64BHxSlHn5DdZzqhzZk5vDsMc1JrjkQEVFjmBBtTcrvjhLNTvVmP5gpMoN/DgHkXjZObRvFV5MXYXoiL9148C04p1VvXCs9UNOfVgQ+WzN34TWjXQpElNpUNS2+YcfmDYy7Fa4LayDUgUolMGCHoZ9i2V8V8XoFiJlYqKhSUceMijLiSmw2TdqpYoZSWYfe9OA1kLnGIcV64NJMaXLPPesYZBZIns74UzAyy7W2jz8l6EiR9pCtWnNM9LjUkXpluqP/M++p9kOC3zbV7ZfYsF6f8hNKv7kgQkov0N57hurykeH0BvFlExeb0HXVDX7E+/G866FIhzBm2W+j8KOyCyeM7zYswjt35Wy8wrLKeFfR3F+rX7IoCgjQdFLMWK+1EHfyfhM+81G7ihuMv1n3Ol3LM8QJMAgPmXnY2sKwYCmmLfBlktbIA9Api8dzNysKFpqCZ4YA8K0TkjDc6j0Xu9HdxdQI/Ras0E0Dt49CteblThC4ZUEBjbUoDI3pmZ0D9R2ecB8/AWfRjQ/Wn8/7gU1GGgbGFJjjnjEl69M28UjfzrntHDldA/C4RYwS6zv3BgWvBfnrQoYJ7yILp0TeRK6Ou5HnS3gQ54NLESN9WZqSSlu0OmEuBctNUEjeqSmhIK2PRXg8gUqldkDVpQEwjQEpWYcnfj4vGkcmfz4xAC+C7glhiK/IshUzFX3OU9RPr/i517Vvs3MwXa8Cn40g2dWPHUKYlCHBYBJFgCDrsQpq+XxnBwOBA5PueGZbR8x0gLkvUCWhjsdD2WY4pgGfxRWfjGmzefApsAsZYrqliZKnvx302VmxKtHjGTKb64S+Zf6RMqdm1u2ljKilryCOSBqDZp7No9y0do3QiwULT8WzbSzcuHunMbLpYmAcdliHN2Pf3IBLoPVb8gbj5j6HSerA6BN+G3K7OLaZLSkkbvZzh1/IsJoxHRQmI5GAx/foyCy5/KWgAFXMUpcRLfT+TSDfqE4xPJrntsf/2w7Z8ErPxTpUKgAI35S7RJL7blufaJgygRVKlBYRZXjR1WmGLx9IjCVZmq54giXU2xLQg/vscmJZ90tiUrKz9ZD2sckXW1jRV3FGZN8S+8YqUaL56LhRIFcq8lfI9dZnng0ztnNsr5r+ZMR0EST4BZGeHpgyUNeqTw7G9BNhcWPDCWI2TG2h66jRmy51ONThnEE8rEdr3cL6dLqpgCMgkzvMCcBEiWUH/kYYA+PgsshJOzQw5EGLfWTv+dWRllade+V9Z5/xlyIpMA5wcVJ7AAvHcD5p17sZ39Gtty82FdESVkFom/EdH66vjZIJvxiEwcNAvser0cV5F8lfojTm8PH3Uq11QZm5wzzFpb/I4IFTOOSKRHBBCDkJcUYkCvXRtsMRQzYHVICo9ccXWdfvUhGfJJF4IwuACLRC65wOtF9pGVNoCb4Z3vx5zQINPx+Uf2kPHbD2PQE+QOxV9FqMHqIQ1nBVhdDfYjYsABt2IuAD/4E40zCd7gjIWhJBMAezSUdxqQC9hmxJZngilayKETyma5VCV9VId5iwbiwwo75YHsQFrCpo2QFKt6gwaiT+UjDqIZJCL7WsamCl/dd/l3jMzPROKxWhRK5C0PF7UaYmesNMuhx4iFGPxVCOclXq5xoqsKKgvZO3W48XFbBgyULCR3PWFNXvd/7NzH7rEgSbebf5SYi3j3YmXySn4RTK5RJvx6y0q8Ze6eifj7UBrlB6rlEMbAwFx/9Jei9TgkQv4ecSDLKYq8J+5wN0AMoZEok/1jDlRO+VNm92W9PdG6I2pVncBu1scllU8EnZVExk6tF4AWKCzjxsCASegEE46q8wWiPUDgStrkSFWtiEmtJJowABBuwDRyCchAzy9xnvyVykELN00c0JXcb6daMjAw04ELgrZzCaLEVFCNA9ATPJz7s2KIllepNSf9XFDbWs3DLiSAI4gmALq36TaqPKF+VGWFpg2LJKbhxrseZgS1S7pZ3KwPvlfyym7HvlFbG/TR1Sb/mTT6ySasDHTgMGKE0huROFqNp+fGzAPYRD9JGAhTknO80c/4EDfcXGNYG37VoUUyVM9CWZd2r8tKbRBNlzPQtG9ikQz+uzTocUUU06sZrbSW+Xr7flB/8LbwXtEzoYjPfgj2qqtKWFl9WzKcSCTaT/ArONOje/brlhoHJjAHo326FzSIbOWjUpvm0C4Zp+5uF5S2gcUweMkDGxcrIzAz7zFA2elY0r2megpoVHXgTJZPmGTUuNuCozYLKQS0yJ5N8wwGkSVSjQYkOFFN1GM6SpnMQP6ZBgwvjRN8GYG6fZNWN144t5h4SNHaAPqv6E0v5vIgrx0CWfgw7ij0XcVTtC79sowFaTzi0yeoZD/f5/VkaLT/MszIIsS2aIje14OFHvbyVGhRkjIgxZAYOyTgH0eihWUkb5WhFwWFQiB40pVxg39PeCf+CM1ahUxWmKvzRTafPMZz2NSF+DnzNweqsft2dp38tBqoZNfp/jZmdtWA6MaicBAOvTySrwmdC1jEyy27sVqHLdeklkPlGf7KAfKlkiH/KxxAN5PQLF5VwgEoJ+kEHe8HqsyQk6Yab6j0wygAdRp7iJD5cHOtS4SC0ll3KR45A9MLuBzw839XEUop1LiRi0ufB+6oTgbyzhXRYHmAa5EWZZHKdo0kjGuyS07DKtWhqtRc+MGvRvwF5XImcI4UpQQKVz6BBGkj2G5ucIq02R3GBWaCY33LZsPIHXzAZ6d9e+lWBPYHNLOPYMoJYcFR2cn70BL1BiCGVHt9/y8m05NRjntrBl+dDdUIgDW+x4LXqFpLyWGyEcBtQpV/vDUul7ExVXk/BlkQFyPZ2nbIE63fux1dw+do97p8gJJ8YuN+EMSt1qymO5S2AM7Kj8Er8vktRcA80ImlDcX4xiWGIW5SbdBW/8bbA4EfAyoX/HUT9yw26MsInAL95m/IsosHqJdjKRo2zbeqXYSWGz1rlDCPUHeDawYIrJNPUOCHrp6Ix4K3b7yOadRmFk8WkadEh4Z2LgMi1T4HdVYSzjXIRUA6Cuevdyh8xyUtBhbIKsUZ7zQxEpGwWPvtMFHOz4Ba9wxiweCg/KYooB9VUgVDivVy1vCa+KzQLcn/GKf8Au/YjlY2dhub6ipJTq7rekjp8UISKd9i/rfyqQBQuFqSXQH6497kUz80cbdkT+k3/0Zinpb2RZ3ZoMJ5nt5PEPS/xQTElw6cyDVI0cImYxvVxOYgM/eKWVhDZgMHSG+BS9I/LNbF7shB8anxriD7D23Dl5dzxzeg4ov84yqX3J+xk9JFzLaiJ3oRoHevTRa7YQLV1AKKyFkUWmpmceqJJT1wehD41A/sRu7M6a0UUZ7gtmTlHwrm40hmTQXnXfdIVWtkmok0zWxkES6o+/COwKhW9xUMKWtAKp8UJE9jsVjaj0b0KUZzADhEIKfhg8AIqP9IVU9iuC9NjrUQYjpsmbWnyXOoGQiq+r1IjqOmmn9L4wODUdcTGeIW5d9wasMyRICYztgbxw6EMBiQlSyZNkihsBzisfxdElSehUK+bPuuFjX1Q9fn0AvmkSSKaPfvMF8eJBui2uSgccU1caKZMEfPVbGAk2sNEY9y4DnVS1DXkXzuIw5b3TvgHExXBi6POXdyIJUXa1NugGNOfjVFR5BMqWNCcS84u3Gv6HBQn+mmAKpfsoe4DrlBRkfYPyFlZCOpfhvMyFtEgeoyAUQGGyWaosPP+p5+bXEgnfQBdjL6+ibRS4n6V1of4qjHtg8PntFIvgLNbXVqzUZxZzwdf+qT+MKbxXfa4ZhSJ24D0+Rsbds0lhlJehGD2B7y5JATkHPsJgT6T4LDsp2gsKTPKvPzwRdtVEESG0qt0ylM4GzHgNc+QtlM6C4TS83gcedCngCW1P8FqahHrsu41XDJT5a/ftxlnSZXIvn+aN3vlbaU7P6JR7j4cGTYAe1QboWwhLS+dfNNJYMthogcRHukJjJxA1Z4AFQiAoxCqsdXgb8Xap/8hELakjA9UxYgXpSZDlfEqe495ctCxhpJLx4pAK/uz7aWLdiOBBbaiioq1Qrnq8RrlEC+SonCH0bs0fvbS5kmPH770nZYDTVENyGlRLiZzXzXLRKcKXORzalkRFWtGE+RsUjlQ3NuAPnSXMYQD6co6T9kXxv7l0lee4dQFND4I3M/y3Kit08wOYHOZ3GVy4PWGPl/ad97W12cnpLacQjCWb3Chl8IxGnFWmjDYfQlAcMsXgqum/zOFLTpyroGdQ3NxSQ0ECFJULcLcsukxtIoqNbItU3jQTIMdRQFOVIoI/aY6VJQQlKdfpe2akMYrqF92cqEiDOH4PYRSHETOSG3FAgTyfMP20qP5OK74oibdmGE+6aAMgnvbZV354u7FaOyi5cRagJiUa3XIws81/TsqOLZ9gEXm0xpp0IdEbB94xWqU0jReiBQtHnX6Aw=="
"2t4jijDcgcNmu6nEPKIDyyfb3jrnzKdyYC0XwFTGfd8="	en	es	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "E/CN.4/1994/29", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "Original: FRENCH", "COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS", "Fiftieth session", "Item 10 (a) of the provisional agenda", "QUESTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF ALL PERSONS SUBJECTED TO", "ANY FORM OF DETENTION OR IMPRISONMENT, IN PARTICULAR:", "TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT", "OR PUNISHMENT", "United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture", "Report by the Secretary-General", "1. The United Nations pays special attention to the elimination of torture, which is strictly prohibited by a large number of rules of international law and is not to be tolerated under any circumstances, even during states of emergency or armed conflict. Torture is one of the most serious violations of human integrity, since it may lead to physical and mental consequences which can last for years or even be irreversible.", "2. Despite the various measures taken by the United Nations to encourage the implementation of rules for protection against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, torture continues to be used", "in many countries. In order to assist the victims of torture, the General Assembly decided, in resolution 36/151, to establish the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture. The Fund receives", "GE.93-85740 (E)", "voluntary contributions for distribution, through established channels of assistance, in the form of medical, psychological, economic, social, legal, financial or other aid to organizations providing assistance to individuals who have been victims of torture and to relatives of such victims.", "3. The General Assembly, in resolution 36/151, authorized the Fund's Board of Trustees to promote and solicit contributions and pledges. It also appealed to all Governments to respond favourably to requests for regular contributions to the Fund. The Fund also receives gifts from non‑governmental organizations and private individuals.", "4. In accordance with the arrangements (A/36/540) adopted in 1981 by the General Assembly in resolution 36/151 of 16 December 1981, the Secretary‑General reports every year to the Commission on Human Rights on the management of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, indicating the sums at the Fund's disposal, the pledges and payments received, as well as the disbursements under the Fund. This report has been drafted in conformity with the above arrangements.", "Consolidated report on 10 years of activity", "5. The Commission on Human Rights at its forty-eighth session, in resolution 1992/27 of 28 February 1992, requested the Secretary‑General to submit to the Commission at its forty-ninth session a consolidated report on the work carried out by the Fund during its 10 years of activity (1982‑1992).", "6. The report (E/CN.4/1993/23) was also transmitted to members of the Committee against Torture and to members of the Fund's Board of Trustees. The Secretary‑General submitted to the General Assembly at its forty‑eighth session a revised version updated to 6 October 1993 (A/48/520), which is available to the Commission on Human Rights at its present session and contains information on contributions received and programmes supported to date.", "Fund‑raising campaign", "7. The Fund is administered, pursuant to General Assembly resolution 36/151, by the Secretary‑General, assisted by a Board of Trustees which has been authorized by the General Assembly to promote and solicit contributions and pledges. The Board of Trustees currently consists of the following persons, chosen by the Secretary‑General for their wide experience in the field of human rights and acting in their personal capacity: Mr. Jaap Walkate, Chairman, Mrs. Elisabeth Odio Benito, Mr. Ribot Hatano, Mr. Ivan Tosevski and Mr. S. Amos Wako.", "8. In resolution 1993/38 of 5 March 1993, the Commission recalled the statement by the Board of Trustees on the need to receive contributions from Governments on a regular basis, with a view to preventing the interruption of programmes of assistance to victims of torture in the continuation of which the Fund plays an instrumental role.", "9. The Commission also took account of the fund‑raising campaign launched on the recommendation of the Board of Trustees at its eleventh session, in 1992, with a view to enhancing the Fund's capacity to respond more favourably to the increasing number of requests for assistance to victims of torture.", "10. The Commission expressed its gratitude and appreciation to Governments, organizations and individuals that had already contributed to the Fund, and appealed to all Governments, organizations and individuals in a position to do so to respond favourably to the fund‑raising campaign and to requests for contributions, on a regular basis if possible.", "11. The Secretary‑General was requested to transmit to all Governments the appeal for contributions to the Fund made by the Commission in its resolution 1993/38. On behalf of the Secretary‑General, Mr. Ibrahima Fall, Assistant Secretary‑General for Human Rights, sent to all Governments on 19 October 1993 a letter referring to the Commission's resolution 1993/38, and transmitting a letter from the Chairman of the Board of Trustees calling on every Government to respond favourably to the appeals made by the Commission and by the General Assembly in resolution 47/109. The Assistant Secretary‑General for Human Rights strongly supported the request by the Chairman, Mr. Jaap Walkate, for regular and substantial contributions, with a view to maintaining the Fund's support to tens of thousands of victims of torture over a long period. The experience of organizations supported by the Fund indicates that the physical and psychological after‑effects of torture can persist for years after the act of torture has been committed. In addition, Mr. Fall pointed out that in 1993 the Fund should have paid out almost $4 million in response to applications for assistance, whereas it had only $2 million at its disposal.", "12. The Governments which have responded favourably to these appeals by making a contribution between 5 October 1993 and the date of submission of the present report are the following:", "Government Contribution/Year Number/amount of previous", "contributions", "(in US$) (in US$)", "Austria 10 000 for 1993 9th 10 000 (1992)", "Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 5 000 for 1993 2nd 5 000 (1988)", "Sweden [1] 247 142 for 1993 7th 173 631 (1992)", "13. At the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities, held in New York on 2 and 3 November 1993, Governments of the following States made pledges for the year 1994:", "Government Local currency Estimate Number/amount of previous contributions", "(in US$) (in US$)", "Algeria DA 5 000 219 1st contribution", "Germany DM 200 000 119 04812th/pledge of", "DM 194 000 for 1993 [2]", "Chile 2 000 2nd/2 000 for 1991 [3]", "Iceland ISK 250 000 3 853 8th/5 350 for 1992 [4]", "Liechtenstein SwF 10 000 6th/6 438 for 1992 [5]", "Luxembourg LuxF 100 000 2 778 10th/3 018 for 1992 [6]", "Netherlands f. 200 000 106 383 13th/115 607 for 1993", "Tunisia D 1 500 1 5155th/two contributions had been paid for 1993: 1 948 and 1 753 [7]", "Total 237 924", "14. Figures for 1993 pledges made prior to 2 November 1993 are given in the report to the General Assembly (A/48/520, para. 24).", "15. On 28 April 1993, the Board of Trustees recommended that virtually all of the sums then available for grants should be allocated to projects designated for effective implementation as from 1993. On 14 May, the Chairman of the Board officially submitted all the recommendations approved by the Board to the Secretary‑General. After approval of those recommendations by the Assistant Secretary‑General for Human Rights, on behalf of the Secretary‑General, on 28 May all organizations were informed of the decisions taken, and a first tranche of grants, amounting to US$ 1,553,300, was made to the programmes concerned on 14 June. Subsequently, satisfactory reports were received with regard to other programmes which were subject to conditions (submission of narrative reports, financial reports or auditors' reports on previous grants, additional information requested by the Board, etc.), and the secretariat of the Fund, after the necessary consultations with the Chairman of the Board, was able to free an additional sum of US$ 172,500. Accordingly, out of a total of US$ 2,056,880 allocated by the Board in April 1993, a sum of US$ 331,080 remains outstanding, pending receipt of latest reports and satisfactory information.", "Promotional activities", "16. The film \"Off Limits\", partly subsidized by the Fund, has been made available to a dozen or so institutions also in receipt of grants by the Fund, and is currently being used for training experts and for educating the general public.", "17. The address for applications for grants or information about the Fund is:", "United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture (UNVFVT)", "Centre for Human Rights", "United Nations", "CH‑1211 Geneva 10", "Tel: (4122) 917 33 94 or 917 33 95", "Fax: (4122) 917 01 23", "18. Voluntary contributions from Governments, foundations, non‑governmental organizations or individuals may be sent by cheque or bank transfer to:", "\"United Nations Geneva General Fund\", marked", "\"For attention United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture\" Chemical Bank", "United Nations", "New York, NY 10017", "United States of America", "Account No. 015‑004473 in United States dollars, or to:", "Société de Banque Suisse", "Boite postale 2770", "CH‑1211 Geneva 2", "Switzerland", "Account Nos. CO.590.160.1 in United States dollars or CO.590.160.0 in Swiss francs, or by cheque to:", "Treasury", "Office 213", "United Nations", "CH‑1211, Geneva 10", "Switzerland", "Notes", "[1] Sweden doubled the amount of its contribution from SKr 1 million in 1992 to SKr 2 million in 1993.", "[2] Germany contributed DM 150,000 in 1983, and DM 200,000 annually from 1984 to 1992. The Government pledged a contribution of DM 194,000 for 1993, and announced that it would be paid before the end of that year. At the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities, the Government orally pledged DM 200,000 for 1994, a pledge still to be confirmed in writing.", "[3] Payment of the first contribution, made in 1993, is in fulfilment of a pledge made in 1991.", "[4] Iceland has made no pledge for 1993. Its pledge for 1994 is subject to parliamentary approval.", "[5] Liechtenstein contributed a sum of SwF 5,000 in 1984, 1986 and 1988, and a sum of SwF 10,000 in 1991 and 1992. The Government has announced its intention to make a payment for 1993 before the end of the year.", "[6] Luxembourg has made no pledge for 1993.", "[7] The Tunisian Government has made an oral pledge which is still to be confirmed in writing.", "- - - - -" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "E/CN.4/1994/29", "30 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "Original: FRANCES", "COMISION DE DERECHOS HUMANOS", "50º período de sesiones", "Tema 10 a) del programa provisional", "CUESTION DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS DE TODAS LAS PERSONAS", "SOMETIDAS A CUALQUIER FORMA DE DETENCION O PRISION", "LA TORTURA Y OTROS TRATOS O PENAS CRUELES, INHUMANOS O DEGRADANTES", "Fondo de Contribuciones Voluntarias de las Naciones Unidas", "para las Víctimas de la Tortura", "Informe del Secretario General", "Introducción", "1. Las Naciones Unidas prestan especial atención a la eliminación de la tortura, que está formalmente prohibida por muchas normas de derecho internacional y no se puede tolerar en ninguna circunstancia, ni siquiera durante los estados de excepción o de conflicto armado. La tortura constituye uno de los atentados más graves contra la integridad humana, pues causa secuelas físicas y psíquicas que pueden prolongarse muchos años o ser irreversibles.", "2. A pesar de las distintas medidas adoptadas por las Naciones Unidas para favorecer la aplicación de las normas relativas a la protección contra la tortura y otros tratos o penas crueles, inhumanos o degradantes, la práctica de la tortura continúa en muchos países. Para ayudar a las víctimas de la tortura, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas decidió, en su resolución 36/151 crear el Fondo de Contribuciones Voluntarias de las Naciones Unidas para las Víctimas de la Tortura. El Fondo recibe contribuciones voluntarias y las distribuye, por los cauces establecidos en materia de asistencia, en forma de ayuda médica, psicológica, económica, social, jurídica, financiera y de otra índole, a las organizaciones que prestan asistencia a las víctimas de la tortura y a sus familiares.", "GE.93-85743 (S)", "3. Por su resolución 36/151, la Asamblea General autorizó a la Junta de Síndicos del Fondo a que promoviera y solicitara contribuciones y promesas de contribuciones. También hizo un llamamiento a todos los gobiernos para que respondieran favorable y periódicamente a las solicitudes de contribuciones. El Fondo también recibe donaciones de organizaciones no gubernamentales y de particulares.", "4. De conformidad con las disposiciones adoptadas en 1981 por la Asamblea General en la resolución 36/151, de 16 de diciembre de 1981 (A/36/540), el Secretario General informa cada año a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de la administración del Fondo de Contribuciones Voluntarias de las Naciones Unidas para las Víctimas de la Tortura, indicando las sumas disponibles, las promesas de contribuciones y las contribuciones recibidas, así como los gastos efectuados con cargo al Fondo. El presente informe se ha preparado teniendo en cuenta las mencionadas disposiciones.", "Informe de síntesis sobre los diez años de actividad", "5. En su 48º período de sesiones, por su resolución 1992/27 de 28 de febrero de 1992, la Comisión de Derechos Humanos pidió al Secretario General que presentara a la Comisión en su 49º período de sesiones un informe de síntesis sobre las actividades ejecutadas por conducto del Fondo durante sus diez años de existencia (1982-1992).", "6. Dicho informe (E/CN.4/1993/23) también se comunicó a los miembros del Comité contra la Tortura y a los miembros de la Junta de Síndicos del Fondo. El Secretario General presentó a la Asamblea General en su cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones una versión revisada y actualizada (A/48/520), que está a disposición de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos en el período de sesiones en curso y que contiene información sobre las contribuciones recibidas y los programas subvencionados hasta la fecha.", "Campaña de recaudación de fondos", "7. En aplicación de la resolución 36/151 de la Asamblea General, el Fondo es administrado por el Secretario General, con ayuda de una Junta de Síndicos que la Asamblea autorizó a promover y solicitar contribuciones y promesas de contribuciones. La Junta de Síndicos está compuesta actualmente por las siguientes personas elegidas por el Secretario General por su amplia experiencia en materia de derechos humanos, que actúan a título individual: Sr. Jaap Walkate, Presidente, Sra. Elizabeth Odio Benito, Sr. Ribot Hatano, Sr. Ivan Tosevski y Sr. S. Amos Wako.", "8. En su resolución 1993/38 de 5 de marzo de 1993, la Comisión recordó la declaración de la Junta de Síndicos del Fondo acerca de la necesidad de recibir contribuciones de los gobiernos con carácter periódico, a fin de impedir la interrupción de los programas en cuya continuación el Fondo desempeña un papel fundamental.", "9. La Comisión también tuvo en cuenta la campaña de recaudación de fondos iniciada por recomendación de la Junta de Síndicos en su 11º período de sesiones, celebrado en 1992, con el fin de incrementar la capacidad del Fondo para responder de manera más favorable al creciente número de peticiones de asistencia a las víctimas de la tortura.", "10. La Comisión expresó su gratitud y reconocimiento a los gobiernos, organizaciones y particulares que ya han contribuido al Fondo y exhortó a todos los gobiernos, organizaciones y particulares que estén en condiciones de hacerlo a que respondan favorablemente a la campaña de recaudación de fondos y a las solicitudes de contribuciones, de ser posible con carácter periódico.", "11. Se pidió al Secretario General que transmitiera a todos los gobiernos los llamamientos que les había dirigido la Comisión en su resolución 1993/38 para que hicieran contribuciones al Fondo. En nombre del Secretario General, el 19 de octubre de 1993, el Sr. Ibrahima Fall, Subsecretario General de Derechos Humanos, dirigió a todos los gobiernos una carta, mencionando la resolución 1993/38 de la Comisión y transmitiendo una carta del Presidente de la Junta de Síndicos en la que pedía a cada gobierno que respondiera favorablemente a los llamamientos efectuados por la Comisión y por la Asamblea General en su resolución 47/109. El Subsecretario General de Derechos Humanos apoyó vivamente la solicitud del Presidente, Sr. Jaap Walkate, en favor de una contribución periódica e importante, para mantener el apoyo que el Fondo presta a decenas de miles de víctimas de la tortura a lo largo de un prolongado período. La experiencia de las organizaciones que reciben apoyo del Fondo indica que las secuelas físicas y psíquicas de la tortura pueden prolongarse durante años después de cometido el acto de tortura. Además, el Sr. Fall recalcó que en 1993, para responder a las solicitudes de asistencia, el Fondo habría tenido que proporcionar casi 4 millones de dólares, cuando sólo disponía de 2.", "12. Los gobiernos que desde el 5 de octubre de 1993 hasta la fecha de presentación del presente informe han respondido favorablemente a esas solicitudes aportando una contribución son los siguientes:", "Gobierno Contribución/año Frecuencia/suma precedente", "(En dólares de (En dólares de", "los EE.UU.) los EE.UU.)", "Austria 10 000 en 1993 novena 10 000 (1992)", "Jamahiriya Arabe Libia 5 000 en 1993 segunda 5 000 (1988)", "Suecia [1] 247 142 en 1993 séptima 173 631 (1992)", "13. Durante la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre promesas de contribuciones para las actividades de desarrollo, que se celebró en Nueva York el 2 y 3 de noviembre de 1993, hicieron promesas de contribuciones para 1994 los Gobiernos de los siguientes Estados:", "Estimación en dólares", "Gobierno Moneda local de los EE.UU Frecuencia/suma precedente", "(En dólares de los EE.UU.)", "Alemania DM 200 000 119 04812ª/anuncio de 194.000 DM para 1993 [2]", "Argelia DA 5 000 219 Primera contribución", "Chile 2 000 Segunda/2.000 para 1991 [3]", "Islandia ISK 250 000 3 853 Octava/5.350 para 1992 [4]", "Liechtenstein FS 10 000 Sexta/6.438 para 1992 [5]", "Luxemburgo FLux 100 000 2 778 Décima/3.018 para 1992 [6]", "Países Bajos f. 200 000 106 383 13ª/115.607 para 1993", "Túnez D 1 500 1 515Quinta/dos contribuciones pagadas en 1993:", "1.948 y 1.753 [7]", "Total 237 924", "14. Las contribuciones para 1993 prometidas antes del 2 de noviembre de 1993 figuran en el informe a la Asamblea General (A/48/520, párr. 24).", "15. El 28 de abril de 1993, la Junta de Síndicos recomendó que la casi totalidad de las sumas de que se disponía en aquel momento para subvenciones se destinaran a los proyectos aprobados, que debían empezar a ejecutarse en 1993. El 14 de mayo, el Presidente de la Junta presentó oficialmente al Secretario General todas las recomendaciones aprobadas por la Junta. Tras su aprobación por el Subsecretario General de Derechos Humanos en nombre del Secretario General, el 28 de mayo, todas las organizaciones fueron informadas de las decisiones adoptadas el 14 de junio y se desembolsó una primera serie de subvenciones a programas por una suma de 1.553.300 dólares de los EE.UU. Más adelante, se recibieron informes satisfactorios acerca de otros programas a los que se habían impuesto condiciones (presentación de informes descriptivos, financieros o de verificación de cuentas respecto de subvenciones anteriores, información complementaria solicitada por la Junta, etc.) y la secretaría del Fondo pudo liberar, tras consultar al Presidente de la Junta cuando fue necesario, una suma adicional de 172.500 dólares de los EE.UU. Así pues, de un total de 2.056.880 dólares, aprobados por la Junta en abril de 1993, queda pendiente una suma de 331.080 dólares en espera de los últimos informes y de informaciones satisfactorias.", "Actividades de promoción", "16. La película \"Raisons d'Etat\", subvencionada en parte por el Fondo, se ha puesto a disposición de una docena de instituciones subvencionadas también por el Fondo y actualmente se utiliza en la formación de especialistas y para informar al público en general.", "17. Las solicitudes de subvenciones o de informaciones deben enviarse a:", "Fondo de Contribuciones Voluntarias de las Naciones Unidas", "para las Víctimas de la Tortura,", "Centro de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas,", "CH-1211 Ginebra 10, teléfonos (4122) 917.33.94 ó 917.33.95", "fax (4122) 917.01.23", "18. Las contribuciones voluntarias de gobiernos, fundaciones, organizaciones no gubernamentales o particulares pueden enviarse por cheque o efectuando una transferencia a:", "\"United Nations Geneva General Fund\", con la mención \"A la atención del Fondo de Contribuciones Voluntarias de las Naciones Unidas para las Víctimas de la Tortura\", a:", "Chemical Bank, United Nations, New York, N.Y. 10017, Estados Unidos, Número de cuenta 015-004473, en dólares de los EE.UU., o a:", "Société de Banque Suisse, apartado 2770", "CH-1211 Ginebra 2, Suiza", "Números de cuenta CO.590.160.1 en dólares de los EE.UU., o", "CO.590.160.0, en francos suizos, o por cheque a:", "Tesorería, Oficina 213", "Oficina de las Naciones Unidas", "CH-1211 Ginebra 10", "-----", "[1] . Suecia duplicó su contribución, pasando de 1.000.000 SKr en 1992 a 2.000.000 en 1993.", "[2] . Alemania aportó 150.000 DM en 1983, y después 200.000 DM cada año de 1984 a 1992. El Gobierno ha anunciado una contribución de 194.000 DM para 1993 e indicó que el desembolso se efectuará antes de que termine 1993. Durante la Conferencia de promesas de contribuciones de 1994, el Gobierno anunció verbalmente una contribución de 200.000 DM para 1994, que todavía se ha de confirmar por escrito.", "[3] . Con el pago de la primera contribución, efectuada en 1993, se materializa una promesa efectuada en 1991.", "[4] . Islandia no prometió contribución para 1993. La promesa de contribución de 1994 depende de la aprobación del Parlamento.", "[5] . Liechtenstein contribuyó con 5.000 francos suizos en 1984, 1986 y 1988, y después con 10.000 francos suizos en 1991 y 1992. El Gobierno ha anunciado que efectuará un desembolso para 1993 antes de que termine el año.", "[6] . Luxemburgo no ha hecho ninguna promesa de contribución para 1993.", "[7] . El Gobierno de Túnez anunció verbalmente una contribución que aún se ha de confirmar por escrito." ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "E/CN.4/1994/29", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "Original: FRENCH", "COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS", "Fiftieth session", "Item 10 (a) of the provisional agenda", "QUESTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF ALL PERSONS SUBJECTED TO", "ANY FORM OF DETENTION OR IMPRISONMENT, IN PARTICULAR:", "TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT", "OR PUNISHMENT", "United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture", "Report by the Secretary-General", "1. The United Nations pays special attention to the elimination of torture, which is strictly prohibited by a large number of rules of international law and is not to be tolerated under any circumstances, even during states of emergency or armed conflict. Torture is one of the most serious violations of human integrity, since it may lead to physical and mental consequences which can last for years or even be irreversible.", "2. Despite the various measures taken by the United Nations to encourage the implementation of rules for protection against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, torture continues to be used", "in many countries. In order to assist the victims of torture, the General Assembly decided, in resolution 36/151, to establish the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture. The Fund receives", "GE.93-85740 (E)", "voluntary contributions for distribution, through established channels of assistance, in the form of medical, psychological, economic, social, legal, financial or other aid to organizations providing assistance to individuals who have been victims of torture and to relatives of such victims.", "3. The General Assembly, in resolution 36/151, authorized the Fund's Board of Trustees to promote and solicit contributions and pledges. It also appealed to all Governments to respond favourably to requests for regular contributions to the Fund. The Fund also receives gifts from non‑governmental organizations and private individuals.", "4. In accordance with the arrangements (A/36/540) adopted in 1981 by the General Assembly in resolution 36/151 of 16 December 1981, the Secretary‑General reports every year to the Commission on Human Rights on the management of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, indicating the sums at the Fund's disposal, the pledges and payments received, as well as the disbursements under the Fund. This report has been drafted in conformity with the above arrangements.", "Consolidated report on 10 years of activity", "5. The Commission on Human Rights at its forty-eighth session, in resolution 1992/27 of 28 February 1992, requested the Secretary‑General to submit to the Commission at its forty-ninth session a consolidated report on the work carried out by the Fund during its 10 years of activity (1982‑1992).", "6. The report (E/CN.4/1993/23) was also transmitted to members of the Committee against Torture and to members of the Fund's Board of Trustees. The Secretary‑General submitted to the General Assembly at its forty‑eighth session a revised version updated to 6 October 1993 (A/48/520), which is available to the Commission on Human Rights at its present session and contains information on contributions received and programmes supported to date.", "Fund‑raising campaign", "7. The Fund is administered, pursuant to General Assembly resolution 36/151, by the Secretary‑General, assisted by a Board of Trustees which has been authorized by the General Assembly to promote and solicit contributions and pledges. The Board of Trustees currently consists of the following persons, chosen by the Secretary‑General for their wide experience in the field of human rights and acting in their personal capacity: Mr. Jaap Walkate, Chairman, Mrs. Elisabeth Odio Benito, Mr. Ribot Hatano, Mr. Ivan Tosevski and Mr. S. Amos Wako.", "8. In resolution 1993/38 of 5 March 1993, the Commission recalled the statement by the Board of Trustees on the need to receive contributions from Governments on a regular basis, with a view to preventing the interruption of programmes of assistance to victims of torture in the continuation of which the Fund plays an instrumental role.", "9. The Commission also took account of the fund‑raising campaign launched on the recommendation of the Board of Trustees at its eleventh session, in 1992, with a view to enhancing the Fund's capacity to respond more favourably to the increasing number of requests for assistance to victims of torture.", "10. The Commission expressed its gratitude and appreciation to Governments, organizations and individuals that had already contributed to the Fund, and appealed to all Governments, organizations and individuals in a position to do so to respond favourably to the fund‑raising campaign and to requests for contributions, on a regular basis if possible.", "11. The Secretary‑General was requested to transmit to all Governments the appeal for contributions to the Fund made by the Commission in its resolution 1993/38. On behalf of the Secretary‑General, Mr. Ibrahima Fall, Assistant Secretary‑General for Human Rights, sent to all Governments on 19 October 1993 a letter referring to the Commission's resolution 1993/38, and transmitting a letter from the Chairman of the Board of Trustees calling on every Government to respond favourably to the appeals made by the Commission and by the General Assembly in resolution 47/109. The Assistant Secretary‑General for Human Rights strongly supported the request by the Chairman, Mr. Jaap Walkate, for regular and substantial contributions, with a view to maintaining the Fund's support to tens of thousands of victims of torture over a long period. The experience of organizations supported by the Fund indicates that the physical and psychological after‑effects of torture can persist for years after the act of torture has been committed. In addition, Mr. Fall pointed out that in 1993 the Fund should have paid out almost $4 million in response to applications for assistance, whereas it had only $2 million at its disposal.", "12. The Governments which have responded favourably to these appeals by making a contribution between 5 October 1993 and the date of submission of the present report are the following:", "Government Contribution/Year Number/amount of previous", "contributions", "(in US$) (in US$)", "Austria 10 000 for 1993 9th 10 000 (1992)", "Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 5 000 for 1993 2nd 5 000 (1988)", "Sweden [1] 247 142 for 1993 7th 173 631 (1992)", "13. At the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities, held in New York on 2 and 3 November 1993, Governments of the following States made pledges for the year 1994:", "Government Local currency Estimate Number/amount of previous contributions", "(in US$) (in US$)", "Algeria DA 5 000 219 1st contribution", "Germany DM 200 000 119 04812th/pledge of", "DM 194 000 for 1993 [2]", "Chile 2 000 2nd/2 000 for 1991 [3]", "Iceland ISK 250 000 3 853 8th/5 350 for 1992 [4]", "Liechtenstein SwF 10 000 6th/6 438 for 1992 [5]", "Luxembourg LuxF 100 000 2 778 10th/3 018 for 1992 [6]", "Netherlands f. 200 000 106 383 13th/115 607 for 1993", "Tunisia D 1 500 1 5155th/two contributions had been paid for 1993: 1 948 and 1 753 [7]", "Total 237 924", "14. Figures for 1993 pledges made prior to 2 November 1993 are given in the report to the General Assembly (A/48/520, para. 24).", "15. On 28 April 1993, the Board of Trustees recommended that virtually all of the sums then available for grants should be allocated to projects designated for effective implementation as from 1993. On 14 May, the Chairman of the Board officially submitted all the recommendations approved by the Board to the Secretary‑General. After approval of those recommendations by the Assistant Secretary‑General for Human Rights, on behalf of the Secretary‑General, on 28 May all organizations were informed of the decisions taken, and a first tranche of grants, amounting to US$ 1,553,300, was made to the programmes concerned on 14 June. Subsequently, satisfactory reports were received with regard to other programmes which were subject to conditions (submission of narrative reports, financial reports or auditors' reports on previous grants, additional information requested by the Board, etc.), and the secretariat of the Fund, after the necessary consultations with the Chairman of the Board, was able to free an additional sum of US$ 172,500. Accordingly, out of a total of US$ 2,056,880 allocated by the Board in April 1993, a sum of US$ 331,080 remains outstanding, pending receipt of latest reports and satisfactory information.", "Promotional activities", "16. The film \"Off Limits\", partly subsidized by the Fund, has been made available to a dozen or so institutions also in receipt of grants by the Fund, and is currently being used for training experts and for educating the general public.", "17. The address for applications for grants or information about the Fund is:", "United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture (UNVFVT)", "Centre for Human Rights", "United Nations", "CH‑1211 Geneva 10", "Tel: (4122) 917 33 94 or 917 33 95", "Fax: (4122) 917 01 23", "18. Voluntary contributions from Governments, foundations, non‑governmental organizations or individuals may be sent by cheque or bank transfer to:", "\"United Nations Geneva General Fund\", marked", "\"For attention United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture\" Chemical Bank", "United Nations", "New York, NY 10017", "United States of America", "Account No. 015‑004473 in United States dollars, or to:", "Société de Banque Suisse", "Boite postale 2770", "CH‑1211 Geneva 2", "Switzerland", "Account Nos. CO.590.160.1 in United States dollars or CO.590.160.0 in Swiss francs, or by cheque to:", "Treasury", "Office 213", "United Nations", "CH‑1211, Geneva 10", "Switzerland", "Notes", "[1] Sweden doubled the amount of its contribution from SKr 1 million in 1992 to SKr 2 million in 1993.", "[2] Germany contributed DM 150,000 in 1983, and DM 200,000 annually from 1984 to 1992. The Government pledged a contribution of DM 194,000 for 1993, and announced that it would be paid before the end of that year. At the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities, the Government orally pledged DM 200,000 for 1994, a pledge still to be confirmed in writing.", "[3] Payment of the first contribution, made in 1993, is in fulfilment of a pledge made in 1991.", "[4] Iceland has made no pledge for 1993. Its pledge for 1994 is subject to parliamentary approval.", "[5] Liechtenstein contributed a sum of SwF 5,000 in 1984, 1986 and 1988, and a sum of SwF 10,000 in 1991 and 1992. The Government has announced its intention to make a payment for 1993 before the end of the year.", "[6] Luxembourg has made no pledge for 1993.", "[7] The Tunisian Government has made an oral pledge which is still to be confirmed in writing.", "- - - - -" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "E / CN.4 / 1994 / 29", "30 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "Original: FRENCH", "COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS", "Fiftieth session", "Item 10 (a) of the provisional agenda", "QUESTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF ALL PERSONS", "REQUIREMENTS FOR ANY FORM OF DETENTION OR PRISONMENT", "AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATY OR PENAS", "United Nations Voluntary Fund", "for Victims of Torture", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Introduction", "1.The United Nations pays particular attention to the elimination of torture, which is formally prohibited by many rules of international law and cannot be tolerated under any circumstances, even during states of emergency or armed conflict.Torture is one of the most serious attacks on human integrity, as it causes physical and mental consequences that can be extended for many years or irreversible.", "2.Despite the various measures taken by the United Nations to promote the implementation of the standards on protection against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the practice of torture continues in many countries.To assist victims of torture, the United Nations General Assembly, in its resolution 36 / 151, decided to establish the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture.The Fund receives voluntary contributions and distributes them, through the established channels of assistance, in the form of medical, psychological, economic, social, legal, financial and other assistance, to organizations providing assistance to victims of torture and their families.", "GE.93-85743 (E)", "3.By its resolution 36 / 151, the General Assembly authorized the Board of Trustees of the Fund to promote and seek contributions and pledges.It also called on all Governments to respond favourably and regularly to requests for contributions.The Fund also receives donations from non-governmental organizations and individuals.", "4.In accordance with the provisions of the General Assembly in its resolution 36 / 151 of 16 December 1981 (A / 36 / 540), the Secretary-General reports annually to the Commission on Human Rights on the administration of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, indicating the amounts available, pledges and contributions received, as well as the costs incurred under the Fund.The present report has been prepared in the light of the above provisions.", "Synthesis report on the 10 years of activity", "5.At its forty-eighth session, by its resolution 1992 / 27 of 28 February 1992, the Commission on Human Rights requested the Secretary-General to submit to the Commission at its forty-ninth session a synthesis report on the activities implemented through the Fund during its 10 years of existence (1982- 1992).", "6.The report (E / CN.4 / 1993 / 23) was also communicated to the members of the Committee against Torture and the members of the Board of Trustees of the Fund.The Secretary-General submitted to the General Assembly at its forty-eighth session a revised and updated version (A / 48 / 520), which is available to the Commission on Human Rights at the current session and contains information on contributions received and programmes subsidized to date.", "Fund-raising campaign", "7.In implementation of General Assembly resolution 36 / 151, the Fund is administered by the Secretary-General, with the assistance of a Board of Trustees, which the Assembly authorized to promote and seek contributions and pledges.The Board of Trustees is currently composed of the following persons elected by the Secretary-General for their extensive experience in the field of human rights, who act in their individual capacity:Mr. Jaap Walkate, Chairman, Ms.Elizabeth Hate Benito, sir.Mr. Ribot HatanoIvan Tosevski and Mr. S. Amos Wako.", "8.In its resolution 1993 / 38 of 5 March 1993, the Commission recalled the statement of the Board of Trustees of the Fund on the need for regular contributions from Governments to prevent the interruption of programmes in which the Fund plays a key role.", "9.The Commission also took into account the fund-raising campaign initiated at the recommendation of the Board of Trustees at its eleventh session, in 1992, to enhance the Fund & apos; s capacity to respond more favourably to the increasing number of requests for assistance to victims of torture.", "10.The Commission expressed its gratitude and appreciation to those Governments, organizations and individuals that have already contributed to the Fund and called upon all Governments, organizations and individuals in a position to do so to respond favourably to the fund-raising campaign and requests for contributions, if possible on a regular basis.", "11.The Secretary-General was requested to transmit to all Governments the appeals addressed to them by the Commission in its resolution 1993 / 38 to contribute to the Fund.On behalf of the Secretary-General, on 19 October 1993, Mr.Mr. Ibrahima Fall, Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, addressed a letter to all Governments, including Commission resolution 1993 / 38 and transmitting a letter from the Chairman of the Board of Trustees, requesting each Government to respond favourably to the appeals made by the Commission and the General Assembly in its resolution 47 / 109.The Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights strongly supported the request of the President, Mr.Jaap Walkate, in favour of a regular and important contribution, to maintain the Fund's support for tens of thousands of victims of torture over a long period of time.The experience of organizations supported by the Fund indicates that the physical and mental consequences of torture can be extended for years after the act of torture.In addition, Mr.He stressed that in 1993, in response to requests for assistance, the Fund would have had to provide almost $4 million, when only 2 were available.", "12.The Governments that have responded favourably to these requests from 5 October 1993 to the date of submission of this report, making a contribution, are as follows:", "Government Contribution / year Frequency / previous sum", "(United States dollars)", "United States) United States)", "Austria 10,000 in 1993 9th 10,000 (1992)", "Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 5,000 in 1993 second 5,000 (1988)", "Sweden [1] 247,142 in 1993 seventh 173,631 (1992)", "13.During the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities, held in New York on 2 and 3 November 1993, the Governments of the following States made pledges for 1994:", "$estimate", "United States local currency Government", "(United States dollars)", "Germany DM 200,000 119,04812 / announcement of DM 194,000 for 1993 [2]", "Algeria DA 5 000 219 First contribution", "Chile 2,000 Second / 2,000 for 1991 [3]", "Iceland ISK 250,000 3.853 Octava / 5,350 for 1992 [4]", "Liechtenstein FS 10,000 Sixth / 6,438 for 1992 [5]", "Luxembourg FLux 100,000 2.778 Tenth / 3,018 for 1992 [6]", "Netherlands f.200,000 106.383 13th / 115.607 for 1993", "Tunisia D 1,500 1,515Fifth / two contributions paid in 1993:", "1.948 and 1.753 [7]", "Total 237,924", "14.Contributions for 1993 pledged before 2 November 1993 are reflected in the report to the General Assembly (A / 48 / 520, para. 24).", "15.On 28 April 1993, the Board of Trustees recommended that almost all the amounts available at the time for grants should be allocated to approved projects, which were to be implemented in 1993.On 14 May, the President of the Board formally submitted to the Secretary-General all the recommendations approved by the Board.Following its approval by the Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights on behalf of the Secretary-General on 28 May, all organizations were informed of the decisions taken on 14 June and a first set of programme grants in the amount of US $1,553,300 was disbursedAt a later stage, satisfactory reports were received on other eligible programmes (descriptive, financial or audit reporting in respect of previous grants, supplementary information requested by the Board, etc.) and the Fund secretariat was able to release an additional amount of US $172,500, after consultation with the President of the Board when necessary,Thus, of the total of $2,056,880, approved by the Board in April 1993, an amount of $331,080 is pending the latest reports and satisfactory information.", "Advocacy", "16.The film \"Raisons d'Etat,\" which was partly subsidized by the Fund, has been made available to a dozen institutions also subsidized by the Fund and is currently used in the training of specialists and to inform the general public.", "17.Applications for grants or information should be sent to:", "United Nations Voluntary Fund", "for victims of torture,", "United Nations Centre for Human Rights,", "CH-1211 Geneva 10, telephone (4122) 917.33.94 or 917.33.95", "fax (4122) 917.01.23", "18.Voluntary contributions from Governments, foundations, non-governmental organizations or individuals may be sent by check or by transfer to:", "\"United Nations Geneva General Fund,\" with the reference \"To the attention of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture,\" to:", "Chemical Bank, United Nations, New York, N.Y. 10017, United States, account number 015-004473, in United States dollars, or to:", "Société de Banque Suisse, paragraph 2770", "CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland", "Account numbers CO.590,160.1 in United States dollars; or", "CO.590.160.0, in Swiss francs, or by check to:", "Treasury, Office 213", "United Nations Office at Geneva", "CH-1211 Geneva 10", "-----", "[1] .Sweden doubled its contribution from SKr 1,000,000 in 1992 to SKr 2,000,000 in 1993.", "[2] Germany provided DM 150,000 in 1983, and then DM 200,000 each year from 1984 to 1992.The Government has announced a contribution of DM 194,000 for 1993 and indicated that the disbursement will be made before the end of 1993.During the 1994 Pledging Conference, the Government orally announced a contribution of DM 200,000 for 1994, which is still to be confirmed in writing.", "[3] .The first contribution, made in 1993, made a promise made in 1991.", "[4] Iceland did not pledge a contribution for 1993.The 1994 pledge of contribution depends on Parliament's approval.", "[5] .Liechtenstein contributed 5,000 Swiss francs in 1984, 1986 and 1988, and then 10,000 Swiss francs in 1991 and 1992.The Government has announced that it will make a disbursement for 1993 before the end of the year.", "[6] Luxembourg has not made any pledges for 1993.", "[7] .The Government of Tunisia orally announced a contribution that is still to be confirmed in writing." ]	"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"
"FFzJdvAQ5IvSvhDgiMKzkDfuD1BjSMrLAo+aAcMrLHU="	fr	es	[ "Distr.", "GENERALE", "E/CN.4/l994/29", "30 novembre 1993", "Original : FRANCAIS", "COMMISSION DES DROITS DE L'HOMME", "Cinquantième session", "Point 10 a) de l'ordre du jour provisoire", "QUESTION DES DROITS DE L'HOMME DE TOUTES LES PERSONNES SOUMISES", "A UNE FORME QUELCONQUE DE DETENTION OU D'EMPRISONNEMENT, EN PARTICULIER :", "TORTURE ET AUTRES PEINES OU TRAITEMENTS CRUELS, INHUMAINS OU DEGRADANTS", "Fonds de contributions volontaires des Nations Unies", "pour les victimes de la torture", "Rapport du Secrétaire général", "Introduction", "1. L'Organisation des Nations Unies consacre une attention particulière à l'élimination de la torture, qui est formellement interdite par de nombreuses normes internationales et ne peut être tolérée en aucune circonstance, y compris pendant des états d'exception ou de conflit armé. La torture constitue l'une des atteintes les plus graves à l'intégrité humaine, car elle peut causer des séquelles physiques et psychiques susceptibles de durer des années ou d'être irréversibles.", "2. Malgré les différentes mesures prises par les Nations Unies pour favoriser l'application des normes relatives à la protection contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants, la pratique de la torture continue dans de nombreux pays. Pour venir en aide aux victimes, l'Assemblée générale des Nations Unies a décidé, par sa résolution 36/151, de créer le Fonds de contributions volontaires des Nations Unies pour les victimes de la torture. Le Fonds reçoit des contributions volontaires et les distribue, par des voies établies en matière d'assistance, sous forme d'aide médicale, psychologique, économique, sociale, juridique, financière et autre, à des organisations portant assistance à des individus victimes de la torture et aux membres des familles de ces victimes.", "GE.93-85741 (F)", "3. Par sa résolution 36/151, l'Assemblée générale a autorisé le Conseil d'administration du Fonds à encourager et à solliciter des contributions et des annonces de contributions. Elle a également lancé un appel à tous les gouvernements pour qu'ils répondent favorablement et régulièrement aux", "demandes de contributions. Le Fonds reçoit également des dons d'organisations non gouvernementales et de particuliers.", "4. Conformément aux arrangements (A/36/540) adoptés en 1981 par l'Assemblée générale dans sa résolution 36/151 du 16 décembre 1981, le Secrétaire général fait rapport chaque année à la Commission des droits de l'homme sur l'administration du Fonds de contributions volontaires des Nations Unies pour les victimes de la torture, en indiquant les sommes disponibles, les annonces de contributions et les versements reçus, ainsi que les dépenses effectuées par prélèvement sur le Fonds. Le présent rapport a été établi selon les arrangements susmentionnés.", "Rapport de synthèse sur les dix années d'activité", "5. A sa quarante‑huitième session, par sa résolution 1992/27 du", "28 février 1992, la Commission des droits de l'homme a prié le Secrétaire général de présenter à la Commission, lors de sa quarante‑neuvième session, un rapport de synthèse sur le travail accompli par le Fonds pendant ses dix années d'activité (1982-1992).", "6. Ce rapport (E/CN.4/1993/23) a été également communiqué aux membres du Comité contre la torture et aux membres du Conseil d'administration du Fonds. Le Secrétaire général a soumis à l'Assemblée générale à sa quarante‑huitième session une version révisée et mise à jour au 6 octobre 1993 (A/48/520), qui est à la disposition de la Commission des droits de l'homme à la présente session et qui contient des informations sur les contributions reçues et les programmes subventionnés jusqu'à cette date.", "Campagne de collecte de fonds", "7. En application de la résolution 36/151 de l'Assemblée générale, le Fonds est géré par le Secrétaire général, assisté d'un Conseil d'administration que l'Assemblée a autorisé à encourager et à solliciter des contributions et des annonces de contributions. Le Conseil d'administration se compose actuellement des personnes suivantes choisies par le Secrétaire général pour leur vaste expérience dans le domaine des droits de l'homme et qui siègent à titre individuel : M. Jaap Walkate, président, Mme Elisabeth Odio Benito,", "M. Ribot Hatano, M. Ivan Tosevski et M. S. Amos Wako.", "8. Par sa résolution 1993/38 du 5 mars 1993, la Commission a rappelé la déclaration du Conseil d'administration quant à la nécessité de recevoir des contributions régulières des gouvernements afin d'empêcher l'interruption de programmes d'assistance aux victimes de la torture dans la poursuite desquels le Fonds joue un rôle déterminant.", "9. La Commission a aussi pris en considération la campagne de collecte de fonds organisée, sur la recommandation du Conseil d'administration à sa onzième session en 1992, afin de donner au Fonds des moyens accrus pour répondre plus favorablement au nombre croissant de demandes d'aide aux victimes de la torture.", "10. La Commission a exprimé sa gratitude et ses remerciements aux gouvernements, aux organisations et aux particuliers qui ont déjà versé des contributions au Fonds et elle a lancé un appel à tous les gouvernements, à toutes les organisations et à tous les particuliers en mesure de le faire, pour qu'ils répondent favorablement à la campagne de collecte de fonds et aux demandes de contributions, si possible de façon régulière.", "11. Le Secrétaire général a été prié de transmettre à tous les gouvernements", "l'appel de contributions au Fonds que leur a adressé la Commission par sa résolution 1993/38. Au nom du Secrétaire général, M. Ibrahima Fall, sous‑secrétaire général aux droits de l'homme, a adressé à tous les gouvernements, le 19 octobre 1993, une lettre mentionnant la résolution 1993/38 de la Commission et transmettant une lettre du Président du Conseil d'administration demandant à chaque gouvernement de bien vouloir répondre favorablement aux appels lancés par la Commission et par l'Assemblée générale, dans sa résolution 47/109. Le Sous‑Secrétaire général aux droits de l'homme appuyait vivement la requête du Président, M. Jaap Walkate, en faveur d'une contribution régulière et importante, afin de maintenir le soutien donné par le Fonds à des dizaines de milliers de victimes de la torture sur une longue période. En effet, l'expérience des organisations soutenues par le Fonds indique que les séquelles physiques et psychologiques de la torture peuvent durer des années après que l'acte de torture ait été commis. En outre, M. Fall soulignait qu'en 1993, pour répondre aux demandes d'assistance, le Fonds aurait dû accorder près de 4 millions de dollars, alors qu'il ne disposait que de 2 millions.", "12. Les gouvernements qui ont répondu favorablement à ces appels en versant une contribution depuis le 5 octobre 1993 et jusqu'à la date de soumission du présent rapport sont les suivants :", "Gouvernement Contribution/Année Fréquence/Montant précédent", "(en dollars E.-U.) (en dollars E.-U.)", "Autriche 10 000 pour 1993 9ème 10 000 (1992)", "Jamahiriya arabe libyenne 5 000 pour 1993 2ème 5 000 (1988)", "Suède [1] 247 142 pour 1993 7ème 173 631 (1992)", "13. Lors de la Conférence des Nations Unies pour les annonces de contributions aux activités de développement, qui s'est tenue à New York", "les 2 et 3 novembre 1993, les gouvernements des Etats ci‑dessous ont fait des annonces de contributions pour l'année 1994 :", "Gouvernement Monnaie locale Estimation Fréquence/Montant précédent", "(en dollars E.-U.) (en dollars E.-U.)", "Algérie D 5 000 219 1ère contribution", "Allemagne DM 200 000 119 048 12ème/Annonce de 194 000 DM", "pour 1993 [2]", "Chili 2 000 2ème/2 000 pour 1991 [3]", "Islande KR 250 000 3 853 8ème/5 350 pour 1992 [4]", "Liechtenstein FrS 10 000 6ème/6 438 pour 1992 [5]", "Luxembourg FL 100 000 2 778 10ème/3 018 pour 1992 [6]", "Pays‑Bas Fl 200 000 106 383 13ème/115 607 pour 1993", "Tunisie D 1 500 1 515 5ème/2 contributions ont", "été versées pour 1993 :", "1 948 et 1 753 [7]", "Total 237 924", "14. Les annonces de contributions pour 1993 antérieures au 2 novembre 1993 figurent dans le rapport à l'Assemblée générale (A/48/520, par. 24).", "15. Le 28 avril 1993, le Conseil d'administration a recommandé que la quasi‑totalité des sommes alors disponibles pour des subventions soient affectées aux projets retenus, dont la mise en oeuvre devrait être effective dès 1993. Le 14 mai, le Président du Conseil a officiellement soumis au Secrétaire général l'ensemble des recommandations approuvées par le Conseil. Après approbation par le Sous‑Secrétaire général aux droits de l'homme, au nom du Secrétaire général, le 28 mai, toutes les organisations ont été informées des décisions prises et une première tranche de subventions a été versée à des programmes le 14 juin pour un montant de 1 553 300 dollars des Etats‑Unis. Par la suite, des rapport satisfaisants ont été reçus à propos d'autres programmes auxquels des conditions étaient attachées (soumission de rapport narratifs, financiers ou de contrôle des comptes sur des subventions antérieures, informations complémentaires souhaitées par le Conseil, etc.) et le secrétariat du Fonds a pu libérer, après consultation avec le Président du Conseil lorsque nécessaire, une somme supplémentaire de 172 500 dollars des Etats‑Unis. Sur un total, affecté par le Conseil en avril 1993, de 2 056 880 dollars, il reste donc en suspens une somme de 33l 080 dollars, dans l'attente des derniers rapports et informations satisfaisants.", "Activités de promotion", "16. Le film \"Raisons d'Etat\", subventionné en partie par le Fonds, a été mis à la disposition d'une douzaine d'institutions subventionnées elles aussi par le Fonds et sert actuellement à la formation de spécialistes et à l'information du grand public.", "17. L'adresse à laquelle les demandes de subvention ou d'informations sur le Fonds doivent être adressées est :", "Fonds de contributions volontaires des Nations Unies", "pour les victimes de la torture (FCVNUVT)", "Centre pour les droits de l'homme, ONU", "CH-1211 Genève 10", "téléphone (4122) 917 33 94 ou 917 33 95", "télécopie (4122) 917 01 23", "18. Les contributions volontaires de gouvernements, de fondations, d'organisations non gouvernementales ou d'individus peuvent être adressées par chèques ou transferts à :", "\"United Nations Geneva General Fund\", avec la mention", "\"à l'attention du Fonds de contributions volontaires des", "Nations Unies pour les victimes de la torture\", à :", "‑ Chemical Bank, Nations Unies, New York, N.Y. 10017, Etats‑Unis", "Numéro de compte 015‑004473, en dollars des Etats‑Unis, ou à :", "‑ Société de Banque Suisse, boîte postale 2770", "CH‑1211 Genève 2, Suisse", "Numéros de comptes CO.590.160.1, en dollars des Etats‑Unis, ou", "CO.590.160.0, en francs suisses, ou par chèque à :", "‑ Trésorerie, bureau 213", "Office des Nations Unies", "CH‑1211 Genève 10", "Notes", "[1] La Suède a multiplié par deux le montant de sa contribution, passant de 1 000 000 SEK en 1992 à 2 000 000 en 1993.", "[2] L'Allemagne a contribué pour 150 000 DM en 1983, puis pour 200 000 DM chaque année depuis 1984 jusqu'en 1992. Le gouvernement a annoncé une contribution de 194 000 DM pour 1993 et a signalé que le versement sera effectué avant la fin de l'année 1993. Lors de la Conférence pour les annonces de contributions pour 1994, le gouvernement a fait une annonce orale de contribution de 200 000 DM pour 1994, qui reste à être confirmée par écrit.", "[3] Le paiement de la première contribution, effectué en 1993, matérialise une annonce faite en 1991.", "[4] L'Islande n'a pas fait d'annonce de contribution pour 1993. L'annonce de contribution pour 1994 dépend d'une approbation parlementaire.", "[5] Le Liechtenstein a contribué pour 5 000 francs suisses en 1984, 1986 et 1988, puis pour 10 000 francs suisses en 1991 et 1992. Le gouvernement a annoncé un paiement pour 1993 avant la fin de l'année.", "[6] Le Luxembourg n'a pas fait d'annonce de contribution pour 1993.", "[7] Le Gouvernement tunisien a fait une annonce orale de contribution qui reste à être confirmée par écrit.", "-----" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "E/CN.4/1994/29", "30 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "Original: FRANCES", "COMISION DE DERECHOS HUMANOS", "50º período de sesiones", "Tema 10 a) del programa provisional", "CUESTION DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS DE TODAS LAS PERSONAS", "SOMETIDAS A CUALQUIER FORMA DE DETENCION O PRISION", "LA TORTURA Y OTROS TRATOS O PENAS CRUELES, INHUMANOS O DEGRADANTES", "Fondo de Contribuciones Voluntarias de las Naciones Unidas", "para las Víctimas de la Tortura", "Informe del Secretario General", "Introducción", "1. Las Naciones Unidas prestan especial atención a la eliminación de la tortura, que está formalmente prohibida por muchas normas de derecho internacional y no se puede tolerar en ninguna circunstancia, ni siquiera durante los estados de excepción o de conflicto armado. La tortura constituye uno de los atentados más graves contra la integridad humana, pues causa secuelas físicas y psíquicas que pueden prolongarse muchos años o ser irreversibles.", "2. A pesar de las distintas medidas adoptadas por las Naciones Unidas para favorecer la aplicación de las normas relativas a la protección contra la tortura y otros tratos o penas crueles, inhumanos o degradantes, la práctica de la tortura continúa en muchos países. Para ayudar a las víctimas de la tortura, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas decidió, en su resolución 36/151 crear el Fondo de Contribuciones Voluntarias de las Naciones Unidas para las Víctimas de la Tortura. El Fondo recibe contribuciones voluntarias y las distribuye, por los cauces establecidos en materia de asistencia, en forma de ayuda médica, psicológica, económica, social, jurídica, financiera y de otra índole, a las organizaciones que prestan asistencia a las víctimas de la tortura y a sus familiares.", "GE.93-85743 (S)", "3. Por su resolución 36/151, la Asamblea General autorizó a la Junta de Síndicos del Fondo a que promoviera y solicitara contribuciones y promesas de contribuciones. También hizo un llamamiento a todos los gobiernos para que respondieran favorable y periódicamente a las solicitudes de contribuciones. El Fondo también recibe donaciones de organizaciones no gubernamentales y de particulares.", "4. De conformidad con las disposiciones adoptadas en 1981 por la Asamblea General en la resolución 36/151, de 16 de diciembre de 1981 (A/36/540), el Secretario General informa cada año a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de la administración del Fondo de Contribuciones Voluntarias de las Naciones Unidas para las Víctimas de la Tortura, indicando las sumas disponibles, las promesas de contribuciones y las contribuciones recibidas, así como los gastos efectuados con cargo al Fondo. El presente informe se ha preparado teniendo en cuenta las mencionadas disposiciones.", "Informe de síntesis sobre los diez años de actividad", "5. En su 48º período de sesiones, por su resolución 1992/27 de 28 de febrero de 1992, la Comisión de Derechos Humanos pidió al Secretario General que presentara a la Comisión en su 49º período de sesiones un informe de síntesis sobre las actividades ejecutadas por conducto del Fondo durante sus diez años de existencia (1982-1992).", "6. Dicho informe (E/CN.4/1993/23) también se comunicó a los miembros del Comité contra la Tortura y a los miembros de la Junta de Síndicos del Fondo. El Secretario General presentó a la Asamblea General en su cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones una versión revisada y actualizada (A/48/520), que está a disposición de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos en el período de sesiones en curso y que contiene información sobre las contribuciones recibidas y los programas subvencionados hasta la fecha.", "Campaña de recaudación de fondos", "7. En aplicación de la resolución 36/151 de la Asamblea General, el Fondo es administrado por el Secretario General, con ayuda de una Junta de Síndicos que la Asamblea autorizó a promover y solicitar contribuciones y promesas de contribuciones. La Junta de Síndicos está compuesta actualmente por las siguientes personas elegidas por el Secretario General por su amplia experiencia en materia de derechos humanos, que actúan a título individual: Sr. Jaap Walkate, Presidente, Sra. Elizabeth Odio Benito, Sr. Ribot Hatano, Sr. Ivan Tosevski y Sr. S. Amos Wako.", "8. En su resolución 1993/38 de 5 de marzo de 1993, la Comisión recordó la declaración de la Junta de Síndicos del Fondo acerca de la necesidad de recibir contribuciones de los gobiernos con carácter periódico, a fin de impedir la interrupción de los programas en cuya continuación el Fondo desempeña un papel fundamental.", "9. La Comisión también tuvo en cuenta la campaña de recaudación de fondos iniciada por recomendación de la Junta de Síndicos en su 11º período de sesiones, celebrado en 1992, con el fin de incrementar la capacidad del Fondo para responder de manera más favorable al creciente número de peticiones de asistencia a las víctimas de la tortura.", "10. La Comisión expresó su gratitud y reconocimiento a los gobiernos, organizaciones y particulares que ya han contribuido al Fondo y exhortó a todos los gobiernos, organizaciones y particulares que estén en condiciones de hacerlo a que respondan favorablemente a la campaña de recaudación de fondos y a las solicitudes de contribuciones, de ser posible con carácter periódico.", "11. Se pidió al Secretario General que transmitiera a todos los gobiernos los llamamientos que les había dirigido la Comisión en su resolución 1993/38 para que hicieran contribuciones al Fondo. En nombre del Secretario General, el 19 de octubre de 1993, el Sr. Ibrahima Fall, Subsecretario General de Derechos Humanos, dirigió a todos los gobiernos una carta, mencionando la resolución 1993/38 de la Comisión y transmitiendo una carta del Presidente de la Junta de Síndicos en la que pedía a cada gobierno que respondiera favorablemente a los llamamientos efectuados por la Comisión y por la Asamblea General en su resolución 47/109. El Subsecretario General de Derechos Humanos apoyó vivamente la solicitud del Presidente, Sr. Jaap Walkate, en favor de una contribución periódica e importante, para mantener el apoyo que el Fondo presta a decenas de miles de víctimas de la tortura a lo largo de un prolongado período. La experiencia de las organizaciones que reciben apoyo del Fondo indica que las secuelas físicas y psíquicas de la tortura pueden prolongarse durante años después de cometido el acto de tortura. Además, el Sr. Fall recalcó que en 1993, para responder a las solicitudes de asistencia, el Fondo habría tenido que proporcionar casi 4 millones de dólares, cuando sólo disponía de 2.", "12. Los gobiernos que desde el 5 de octubre de 1993 hasta la fecha de presentación del presente informe han respondido favorablemente a esas solicitudes aportando una contribución son los siguientes:", "Gobierno Contribución/año Frecuencia/suma precedente", "(En dólares de (En dólares de", "los EE.UU.) los EE.UU.)", "Austria 10 000 en 1993 novena 10 000 (1992)", "Jamahiriya Arabe Libia 5 000 en 1993 segunda 5 000 (1988)", "Suecia [1] 247 142 en 1993 séptima 173 631 (1992)", "13. Durante la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre promesas de contribuciones para las actividades de desarrollo, que se celebró en Nueva York el 2 y 3 de noviembre de 1993, hicieron promesas de contribuciones para 1994 los Gobiernos de los siguientes Estados:", "Estimación en dólares", "Gobierno Moneda local de los EE.UU Frecuencia/suma precedente", "(En dólares de los EE.UU.)", "Alemania DM 200 000 119 04812ª/anuncio de 194.000 DM para 1993 [2]", "Argelia DA 5 000 219 Primera contribución", "Chile 2 000 Segunda/2.000 para 1991 [3]", "Islandia ISK 250 000 3 853 Octava/5.350 para 1992 [4]", "Liechtenstein FS 10 000 Sexta/6.438 para 1992 [5]", "Luxemburgo FLux 100 000 2 778 Décima/3.018 para 1992 [6]", "Países Bajos f. 200 000 106 383 13ª/115.607 para 1993", "Túnez D 1 500 1 515Quinta/dos contribuciones pagadas en 1993:", "1.948 y 1.753 [7]", "Total 237 924", "14. Las contribuciones para 1993 prometidas antes del 2 de noviembre de 1993 figuran en el informe a la Asamblea General (A/48/520, párr. 24).", "15. El 28 de abril de 1993, la Junta de Síndicos recomendó que la casi totalidad de las sumas de que se disponía en aquel momento para subvenciones se destinaran a los proyectos aprobados, que debían empezar a ejecutarse en 1993. El 14 de mayo, el Presidente de la Junta presentó oficialmente al Secretario General todas las recomendaciones aprobadas por la Junta. Tras su aprobación por el Subsecretario General de Derechos Humanos en nombre del Secretario General, el 28 de mayo, todas las organizaciones fueron informadas de las decisiones adoptadas el 14 de junio y se desembolsó una primera serie de subvenciones a programas por una suma de 1.553.300 dólares de los EE.UU. Más adelante, se recibieron informes satisfactorios acerca de otros programas a los que se habían impuesto condiciones (presentación de informes descriptivos, financieros o de verificación de cuentas respecto de subvenciones anteriores, información complementaria solicitada por la Junta, etc.) y la secretaría del Fondo pudo liberar, tras consultar al Presidente de la Junta cuando fue necesario, una suma adicional de 172.500 dólares de los EE.UU. Así pues, de un total de 2.056.880 dólares, aprobados por la Junta en abril de 1993, queda pendiente una suma de 331.080 dólares en espera de los últimos informes y de informaciones satisfactorias.", "Actividades de promoción", "16. La película \"Raisons d'Etat\", subvencionada en parte por el Fondo, se ha puesto a disposición de una docena de instituciones subvencionadas también por el Fondo y actualmente se utiliza en la formación de especialistas y para informar al público en general.", "17. Las solicitudes de subvenciones o de informaciones deben enviarse a:", "Fondo de Contribuciones Voluntarias de las Naciones Unidas", "para las Víctimas de la Tortura,", "Centro de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas,", "CH-1211 Ginebra 10, teléfonos (4122) 917.33.94 ó 917.33.95", "fax (4122) 917.01.23", "18. Las contribuciones voluntarias de gobiernos, fundaciones, organizaciones no gubernamentales o particulares pueden enviarse por cheque o efectuando una transferencia a:", "\"United Nations Geneva General Fund\", con la mención \"A la atención del Fondo de Contribuciones Voluntarias de las Naciones Unidas para las Víctimas de la Tortura\", a:", "Chemical Bank, United Nations, New York, N.Y. 10017, Estados Unidos, Número de cuenta 015-004473, en dólares de los EE.UU., o a:", "Société de Banque Suisse, apartado 2770", "CH-1211 Ginebra 2, Suiza", "Números de cuenta CO.590.160.1 en dólares de los EE.UU., o", "CO.590.160.0, en francos suizos, o por cheque a:", "Tesorería, Oficina 213", "Oficina de las Naciones Unidas", "CH-1211 Ginebra 10", "-----", "[1] . Suecia duplicó su contribución, pasando de 1.000.000 SKr en 1992 a 2.000.000 en 1993.", "[2] . Alemania aportó 150.000 DM en 1983, y después 200.000 DM cada año de 1984 a 1992. El Gobierno ha anunciado una contribución de 194.000 DM para 1993 e indicó que el desembolso se efectuará antes de que termine 1993. Durante la Conferencia de promesas de contribuciones de 1994, el Gobierno anunció verbalmente una contribución de 200.000 DM para 1994, que todavía se ha de confirmar por escrito.", "[3] . Con el pago de la primera contribución, efectuada en 1993, se materializa una promesa efectuada en 1991.", "[4] . Islandia no prometió contribución para 1993. La promesa de contribución de 1994 depende de la aprobación del Parlamento.", "[5] . Liechtenstein contribuyó con 5.000 francos suizos en 1984, 1986 y 1988, y después con 10.000 francos suizos en 1991 y 1992. El Gobierno ha anunciado que efectuará un desembolso para 1993 antes de que termine el año.", "[6] . Luxemburgo no ha hecho ninguna promesa de contribución para 1993.", "[7] . El Gobierno de Túnez anunció verbalmente una contribución que aún se ha de confirmar por escrito." ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "E/CN.4/l994/29", "30 November 1993", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS", "Fiftieth session", "Item 10 (a) of the provisional agenda", "QUESTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF ALL PERSONS SUBMITTED", "TO ANY FORM OF DETENTION OR EMPLOYMENT, IN PARTICULAR:", "TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PEIN", "United Nations Voluntary Fund", "for Victims of Torture", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Introduction", "1.The United Nations devotes particular attention to the elimination of torture, which is formally prohibited by many international standards and cannot be tolerated under any circumstances, including during states of emergency or armed conflict.Torture is one of the most serious violations of human integrity, as it can cause physical and psychological sequelae that can last for years or be irreversible.", "2.Despite the various measures taken by the United Nations to promote the application of the standards of protection against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the practice of torture continues in many countries.In order to assist victims, the United Nations General Assembly, in its resolution 36/151, decided to establish the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture.The Fund receives voluntary contributions and distributes them through established channels of assistance, in the form of medical, psychological, economic, social, legal, financial and other assistance, to organizations assisting individuals who are victims of torture and their families.", "GE.93-85741 (F)", "3.By its resolution 36/151, the General Assembly authorized the Board of Trustees of the Fund to encourage and solicit contributions and pledges.It also called on all Governments to respond favourably and regularly to the", "Requests for contributions.The Fund also receives donations from non-governmental organizations and individuals.", "4.In accordance with the arrangements (A/36/540) adopted in 1981 by the General Assembly in its resolution 36/151 of 16 December 1981, the Secretary-General reports annually to the Commission on Human Rights on the administration of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, indicating the availability of funds, pledges and payments received, as well as expenditures made from the Fund.The present report has been prepared in accordance with the above-mentioned arrangements.", "Summary report on the ten years of activity", "5.At its forty-eighth session, by its resolution 1992/27 of", "28 February 1992, the Commission on Human Rights requested the Secretary-General to submit to the Commission at its forty-ninth session a consolidated report on the work of the Fund during its ten years of operation (1982-1992).", "6.The report (E/CN.4/1993/23) was also made available to the members of the Committee against Torture and the members of the Board of Trustees of the Fund.The Secretary-General has submitted to the General Assembly at its forty-eighth session a revised and updated version as at 6 October 1993 (A/48/520), which is available to the Commission on Human Rights at the present session and which contains information on contributions received and subsidized programmes up to that date.", "Fund-raising campaign", "7.Pursuant to General Assembly resolution 36/151, the Fund is administered by the Secretary-General, assisted by a Board of Trustees authorized by the Assembly to encourage and solicit contributions and pledges.The Executive Board is currently composed of the following persons selected by the Secretary-General for their extensive experience in the field of human rights and serving in their individual capacity: Mr. Jaap Walkate, President, Ms. Elisabeth Odio Benito,", "Mr. Ribot Hatano, Mr. Ivan Tosevski and Mr. S. Amos Wako.", "8.In its resolution 1993/38 of 5 March 1993, the Commission recalled the statement of the Governing Council on the need for regular contributions from Governments in order to prevent the interruption of programmes of assistance to victims of torture, in the continuation of which the Fund plays a key role.", "9.The Commission also took into account the fund-raising campaign, which was organized on the recommendation of the Board at its eleventh session in 1992, in order to strengthen the Fund's capacity to respond more favourably to the increasing number of requests for assistance to victims of torture.", "10.The Commission expressed its gratitude and appreciation to Governments, organizations and individuals that have already contributed to the Fund and appealed to all Governments, organizations and individuals in a position to do so to respond favourably to the fund-raising campaign and requests for contributions, if possible on a regular basis.", "11.The Secretary-General has been requested to transmit to all Governments", "the appeal of the Commission to the Fund pursuant to its resolution 1993/38.On behalf of the Secretary-General, Mr. Ibrahima Fall, Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, addressed a letter to all Governments on 19 October 1993 mentioning Commission resolution 1993/38 and transmitting a letter from the Chairman of the Governing Council requesting each Government to respond favourably to the appeals made by the Commission and the General Assembly in its resolution 47/109.The Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights strongly supported the request of the President, Mr. Jaap Walkate, for a regular and significant contribution to maintain the Fund's support for tens of thousands of victims of torture over a long period of time.The experience of the organizations supported by the Fund indicates that the physical and psychological consequences of torture may last for years after the act of torture has been committed.In addition, he stressed that in 1993 in response to requests for assistance, the Fund should have provided nearly $4 million, compared with only $2 million.", "12.The Governments that responded favourably to these appeals by making a contribution from 5 October 1993 until the date of submission of this report are:", "Government Contribution/Year Frequency/Update", "(in US dollars) (in US dollars)", "Austria 10 000 for 1993 9th 10 000 (1992)", "Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 5,000 for 1993 2nd 5,000 (1988)", "Sweden [1] 247 142 for 1993 7th 173 631 (1992)", "13.At the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities, held in New York", "On 2 and 3 November 1993, the Governments of the following States made pledges for 1994:", "Government Local currency Estimate Frequency/Update", "(in US dollars) (in US dollars)", "Algeria D 5,000 219 1st contribution", "Germany DM 200 000 119 048 12th/Announcement of 194 000 DM", "for 1993 [2]", "Chile 2 000 2nd/2 000 for 1991 [3]", "Iceland KR 250 000 3 853 8th/5 350 for 1992 [4]", "Liechtenstein FrS 10 000 6th/6 438 for 1992 [5]", "Luxembourg FL 100 000 2 778 10th/3 018 for 1992 [6]", "Netherlands Fl 200 000 106 383 13th/115 607 for 1993", "Tunisia D 1,500 1,515 5th/2 contributions", "paid for 1993:", "1,948 and 1,753 [7]", "Total 237 924", "14.The 1993 pledges prior to 2 November 1993 are contained in the report to the General Assembly (A/48/520, para.", "15.On 28 April 1993, the Board of Directors recommended that almost all the amounts available for grants be allocated to the selected projects, which should be implemented by 1993.On 14 May, the President of the Council formally submitted to the Secretary-General all recommendations approved by the Council.After approval by the Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, on behalf of the Secretary-General on 28 May, all organizations were informed of the decisions taken and a first instalment of grants was paid to programmes on 14 June for an amount of US$ 1,553,300.Subsequently, satisfactory reports were received on other programmes with conditions (submission of narrative, financial or audit reports on previous grants, additional information requested by the Council, etc.) and the Fund secretariat was able to release, after consultation with the President of the Council when necessary, an additional amount of US$ 172,500.Of the total amount of $2,056,880 allocated by the Council in April 1993, there is therefore a pending amount of $33L,080 pending the receipt of the latest satisfactory reports and information.", "Promotion activities", "16.The film \"State Raisons\", partly funded by the Fund, has been made available to a dozen institutions also funded by the Fund and is currently used for the training of specialists and for informing the general public.", "17.The address to which applications for grants or information on the Fund should be sent is:", "United Nations Voluntary Fund", "for Victims of Torture (CNVVT)", "Centre for Human Rights, United Nations", "CH-1211 Geneva 10", "Tel. (4122) 917 33 94 or 917 33 95", "fax (4122) 917 01 23", "18.Voluntary contributions from Governments, foundations, non-governmental organizations or individuals may be sent by cheque or transfer to:", "United Nations Geneva General Fund, with the mention", "\"to the attention of the Voluntary Fund for the", "\"For Victims of Torture\", to:", "‐ Chemical Bank, United Nations, New York, N.Y. 10017, United States", "Account number 015‐004473, in United States dollars, or to:", "‐ Swiss Bank Corporation, postal box 2770", "CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland", "Account numbers CO.590.160.1, in United States dollars, or", "CO.590.160.0, in Swiss francs, or by cheque to:", "‐ Treasury, room 213", "United Nations Office at Geneva", "CH-1211 Geneva 10", "Notes", "[1] Sweden has doubled its contribution from SEK 1,000,000 in 1992 to SEK 2,000,000 in 1993.", "[2]Germany contributed DM 150 000 in 1983 and DM 200 000 each year from 1984 until 1992.The Government has announced a contribution of DM 194 000 for 1993 and has indicated that the payment will be made before the end of 1993.At the 1994 Pledging Conference, the Government made an oral pledge of DM 200,000 for 1994, which remains to be confirmed in writing.", "[3]The first contribution, made in 1993, is announced in 1991.", "[4]Iceland has not made any pledges for 1993.The 1994 contribution announcement is subject to parliamentary approval.", "[5] Liechtenstein contributed 5,000 Swiss francs in 1984, 1986 and 1988 and 10,000 Swiss francs in 1991 and 1992.The government announced a payment for 1993 before the end of the year.", "[6] Luxembourg has not made any pledges for 1993.", "[7]The Government of Tunisia has made an oral announcement of its contribution, which remains to be confirmed in writing.", "-----" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "E / CN.4 / 1994 / 29", "30 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "Original: FRENCH", "COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS", "Fiftieth session", "Item 10 (a) of the provisional agenda", "QUESTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF ALL PERSONS", "REQUIREMENTS FOR ANY FORM OF DETENTION OR PRISONMENT", "AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATY OR PENAS", "United Nations Voluntary Fund", "for Victims of Torture", "Report of the Secretary-General", "Introduction", "1.The United Nations pays particular attention to the elimination of torture, which is formally prohibited by many rules of international law and cannot be tolerated under any circumstances, even during states of emergency or armed conflict.Torture is one of the most serious attacks on human integrity, as it causes physical and mental consequences that can be extended for many years or irreversible.", "2.Despite the various measures taken by the United Nations to promote the implementation of the standards on protection against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the practice of torture continues in many countries.To assist victims of torture, the United Nations General Assembly, in its resolution 36 / 151, decided to establish the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture.The Fund receives voluntary contributions and distributes them, through the established channels of assistance, in the form of medical, psychological, economic, social, legal, financial and other assistance, to organizations providing assistance to victims of torture and their families.", "GE.93-85743 (E)", "3.By its resolution 36 / 151, the General Assembly authorized the Board of Trustees of the Fund to promote and seek contributions and pledges.It also called on all Governments to respond favourably and regularly to requests for contributions.The Fund also receives donations from non-governmental organizations and individuals.", "4.In accordance with the provisions of the General Assembly in its resolution 36 / 151 of 16 December 1981 (A / 36 / 540), the Secretary-General reports annually to the Commission on Human Rights on the administration of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, indicating the amounts available, pledges and contributions received, as well as the costs incurred under the Fund.The present report has been prepared in the light of the above provisions.", "Synthesis report on the 10 years of activity", "5.At its forty-eighth session, by its resolution 1992 / 27 of 28 February 1992, the Commission on Human Rights requested the Secretary-General to submit to the Commission at its forty-ninth session a synthesis report on the activities implemented through the Fund during its 10 years of existence (1982- 1992).", "6.The report (E / CN.4 / 1993 / 23) was also communicated to the members of the Committee against Torture and the members of the Board of Trustees of the Fund.The Secretary-General submitted to the General Assembly at its forty-eighth session a revised and updated version (A / 48 / 520), which is available to the Commission on Human Rights at the current session and contains information on contributions received and programmes subsidized to date.", "Fund-raising campaign", "7.In implementation of General Assembly resolution 36 / 151, the Fund is administered by the Secretary-General, with the assistance of a Board of Trustees, which the Assembly authorized to promote and seek contributions and pledges.The Board of Trustees is currently composed of the following persons elected by the Secretary-General for their extensive experience in the field of human rights, who act in their individual capacity:Mr. Jaap Walkate, Chairman, Ms.Elizabeth Hate Benito, sir.Mr. Ribot HatanoIvan Tosevski and Mr. S. Amos Wako.", "8.In its resolution 1993 / 38 of 5 March 1993, the Commission recalled the statement of the Board of Trustees of the Fund on the need for regular contributions from Governments to prevent the interruption of programmes in which the Fund plays a key role.", "9.The Commission also took into account the fund-raising campaign initiated at the recommendation of the Board of Trustees at its eleventh session, in 1992, to enhance the Fund & apos; s capacity to respond more favourably to the increasing number of requests for assistance to victims of torture.", "10.The Commission expressed its gratitude and appreciation to those Governments, organizations and individuals that have already contributed to the Fund and called upon all Governments, organizations and individuals in a position to do so to respond favourably to the fund-raising campaign and requests for contributions, if possible on a regular basis.", "11.The Secretary-General was requested to transmit to all Governments the appeals addressed to them by the Commission in its resolution 1993 / 38 to contribute to the Fund.On behalf of the Secretary-General, on 19 October 1993, Mr.Mr. Ibrahima Fall, Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, addressed a letter to all Governments, including Commission resolution 1993 / 38 and transmitting a letter from the Chairman of the Board of Trustees, requesting each Government to respond favourably to the appeals made by the Commission and the General Assembly in its resolution 47 / 109.The Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights strongly supported the request of the President, Mr.Jaap Walkate, in favour of a regular and important contribution, to maintain the Fund's support for tens of thousands of victims of torture over a long period of time.The experience of organizations supported by the Fund indicates that the physical and mental consequences of torture can be extended for years after the act of torture.In addition, Mr.He stressed that in 1993, in response to requests for assistance, the Fund would have had to provide almost $4 million, when only 2 were available.", "12.The Governments that have responded favourably to these requests from 5 October 1993 to the date of submission of this report, making a contribution, are as follows:", "Government Contribution / year Frequency / previous sum", "(United States dollars)", "United States) United States)", "Austria 10,000 in 1993 9th 10,000 (1992)", "Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 5,000 in 1993 second 5,000 (1988)", "Sweden [1] 247,142 in 1993 seventh 173,631 (1992)", "13.During the United Nations Pledging Conference for Development Activities, held in New York on 2 and 3 November 1993, the Governments of the following States made pledges for 1994:", "$estimate", "United States local currency Government", "(United States dollars)", "Germany DM 200,000 119,04812 / announcement of DM 194,000 for 1993 [2]", "Algeria DA 5 000 219 First contribution", "Chile 2,000 Second / 2,000 for 1991 [3]", "Iceland ISK 250,000 3.853 Octava / 5,350 for 1992 [4]", "Liechtenstein FS 10,000 Sixth / 6,438 for 1992 [5]", "Luxembourg FLux 100,000 2.778 Tenth / 3,018 for 1992 [6]", "Netherlands f.200,000 106.383 13th / 115.607 for 1993", "Tunisia D 1,500 1,515Fifth / two contributions paid in 1993:", "1.948 and 1.753 [7]", "Total 237,924", "14.Contributions for 1993 pledged before 2 November 1993 are reflected in the report to the General Assembly (A / 48 / 520, para. 24).", "15.On 28 April 1993, the Board of Trustees recommended that almost all the amounts available at the time for grants should be allocated to approved projects, which were to be implemented in 1993.On 14 May, the President of the Board formally submitted to the Secretary-General all the recommendations approved by the Board.Following its approval by the Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights on behalf of the Secretary-General on 28 May, all organizations were informed of the decisions taken on 14 June and a first set of programme grants in the amount of US $1,553,300 was disbursedAt a later stage, satisfactory reports were received on other eligible programmes (descriptive, financial or audit reporting in respect of previous grants, supplementary information requested by the Board, etc.) and the Fund secretariat was able to release an additional amount of US $172,500, after consultation with the President of the Board when necessary,Thus, of the total of $2,056,880, approved by the Board in April 1993, an amount of $331,080 is pending the latest reports and satisfactory information.", "Advocacy", "16.The film \"Raisons d'Etat,\" which was partly subsidized by the Fund, has been made available to a dozen institutions also subsidized by the Fund and is currently used in the training of specialists and to inform the general public.", "17.Applications for grants or information should be sent to:", "United Nations Voluntary Fund", "for victims of torture,", "United Nations Centre for Human Rights,", "CH-1211 Geneva 10, telephone (4122) 917.33.94 or 917.33.95", "fax (4122) 917.01.23", "18.Voluntary contributions from Governments, foundations, non-governmental organizations or individuals may be sent by check or by transfer to:", "\"United Nations Geneva General Fund,\" with the reference \"To the attention of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture,\" to:", "Chemical Bank, United Nations, New York, N.Y. 10017, United States, account number 015-004473, in United States dollars, or to:", "Société de Banque Suisse, paragraph 2770", "CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland", "Account numbers CO.590,160.1 in United States dollars; or", "CO.590.160.0, in Swiss francs, or by check to:", "Treasury, Office 213", "United Nations Office at Geneva", "CH-1211 Geneva 10", "-----", "[1] .Sweden doubled its contribution from SKr 1,000,000 in 1992 to SKr 2,000,000 in 1993.", "[2] Germany provided DM 150,000 in 1983, and then DM 200,000 each year from 1984 to 1992.The Government has announced a contribution of DM 194,000 for 1993 and indicated that the disbursement will be made before the end of 1993.During the 1994 Pledging Conference, the Government orally announced a contribution of DM 200,000 for 1994, which is still to be confirmed in writing.", "[3] .The first contribution, made in 1993, made a promise made in 1991.", "[4] Iceland did not pledge a contribution for 1993.The 1994 pledge of contribution depends on Parliament's approval.", "[5] .Liechtenstein contributed 5,000 Swiss francs in 1984, 1986 and 1988, and then 10,000 Swiss francs in 1991 and 1992.The Government has announced that it will make a disbursement for 1993 before the end of the year.", "[6] Luxembourg has not made any pledges for 1993.", "[7] .The Government of Tunisia orally announced a contribution that is still to be confirmed in writing." ]	"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"
"v/W+inDKOXqo/0u7zLR8f9jEWDJ7aocletVxqTMFwTU="	en	fr	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "CCPR/C/79/Add.26", "3 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE", "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES", "UNDER ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT", "Comments of the Human Rights Committee", "ICELAND", "1. The Committee considered the second periodic report of Iceland (CCPR/C/46/Add.5) at its 1266th to 1268th meetings, held on 19 and 20 October 1993, and adopted 1/ the following comments:", "A. Introduction", "2. The Committee expresses its appreciation to the State party for its elaborate and thorough report, which has been prepared in accordance with the Committee's guidelines, and for engaging through a highly qualified delegation in an extremely constructive dialogue with the Committee. It notes with satisfaction that the information provided in the report, and that orally submitted by the delegation in reply to both written and oral questions, enabled the Committee to obtain a comprehensive view of Iceland's actual compliance with the obligations undertaken under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Committee, however, regrets that the second periodic report, which was due in 1987, was submitted with considerable delay.", "B. Factors and difficulties affecting the", "application of the Covenant", "3. The Committee finds that there are no important difficulties which may affect the effective implementation of the Covenant's provisions by the Government of Iceland.", "_________", "1/ At its 1281st meeting, held on 29 November 1993.", "GE.93-19119 (E)", "C. Positive aspects", "4. The Committee welcomes the efforts undertaken by the Government of Iceland since the submission of the initial report in 1981 in order to effectively guarantee the protection of rights set forth in the Covenant. Of particular importance in this respect were the adoption and the entry into force on 1 July 1992 of a new law resulting in the total separation of judicial and executive power, as well as comprehensive legislation concerning extensive changes in the judicial system and rules governing judicial procedure; the establishment in 1988, in accordance with Law No.13/1987, of the Office of Ombudsman of the Althing (Parliament); and the revisions of the Equal Status Law of 1976.", "5. In this connection, the Committee notes with satisfaction that the Law No. 28/1991 on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men has contributed towards equal rights of men and women in general, although there is still room for improvement in practice with regard to the remuneration for work. The Committee also notes with interest the establishment of the Equal Rights Council with the aim of ensuring the proper implementation of the Equal Rights Law and of recommending proposals to the authorities regarding gender equality. The announced establishment of Equal Rights Committees at the municipal level throughout the country to provide counsel to municipal governments would further serve the promotion of the equality of rights of men and women.", "D. Principal subjects of concern", "6. The Committee notes with concern that the Icelandic Constitution is lacking in clear and comprehensive provisions dealing with the protection of all fundamental human rights as recognized in the numerous international human rights treaties, in particular in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iceland is a party. The absence is not met by reliance on unspecified unwritten fundamental rules. This does not adequately meet the requirements of article 2, paragraph 2, of the Covenant, which enjoins States parties to take such legislative or other measures which may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized in the Covenant. No matter how effective the Icelandic constitutional tradition of relying on unwritten fundamental rules and principles may be, codification of the rules governing the protection of human rights is an important element of protection.", "7. In this connection, the Committee expresses its concern over the status of the Covenant within the national legal order and the lack of clarity concerning the resolution of eventual conflicts between the Covenant and the Constitution and other domestic legislation.", "8. The Committee also expresses its concern over the apparent preference accorded, in the domestic law as well as in legal doctrine and jurisprudence, to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as against the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In that regard, the attention of the State party is drawn to the fact that the latter guarantees a number of human rights not protected under the former and that permissible restrictions are less broad-based.", "9. The Committee hopes that the pending legislation relevant to article 13 will be formulated in such a way as to allow the reservation thereunder to be withdrawn.", "10. The Committee notes that some other requirements of the Covenant are not fully met, in particular those referred to in articles 4, 9, paragraphs 3 and 4, 19 and 24, paragraph 2. The Committee also notes that confessions made under duress are not clearly excluded as evidence, that inhuman and degrading punishment is still possible, and that there is still discrimination against children born out of wedlock and in favour of public officials. The possibility of a sentence of up to one year's imprisonment for libel presents problems in relation to article 19; and the limitation imposed upon naturalized citizens in the retention of their names of origin raises issues under article 26. The attention of the State party has also been drawn to the various General Comments adopted by the Committee.", "E. Suggestions and recommendations", "11. The Committee recommends that the State party take appropriate measures to incorporate provisions of the Covenant into domestic law and ensure that the Covenant be treated on an equal footing with regional human rights instruments, both in legal and practical terms.", "12. In that context, the Committee recommends that the Government of Iceland consider amending the national Constitution in order to reflect adequately the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and other international human rights treaties ratified by Iceland. In the meantime, the Committee strongly recommends that the Covenant be included, by way of appropriate amendments, in the draft law envisaging the incorporation of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms into domestic law, at present before the Althing (Parliament), or in a similar legislative act.", "13. The Committee also recommends that the Government reviews the continuing need for any reservation, with a view to withdrawing them.", "14. The Committee emphasizes that further measures should be taken to ensure that the provisions of the Covenant are more widely disseminated, particularly among the legal profession and members of the judiciary.", "15. The Committee strongly recommends that the reporting obligations of the State party under article 40 of the Covenant be strictly observed and that the third periodic report be submitted within the time‑limit to be determined by the Committee.", "-----" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERALE", "CCPR/C/79/Add.26", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "Original : ANGLAIS", "COMITE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME", "EXAMEN DES RAPPORTS PRESENTES PAR LES ETATS PARTIES", "CONFORMEMENT A L'ARTICLE 40 DU PACTE", "Observations du Comité des droits de l'homme", "ISLANDE", "1. Le Comité a examiné le deuxième rapport périodique de l'Islande (CCPR/C/46/Add.5) de sa 1266ème à sa 1268ème séance, tenues les 19 et 20 octobre 1993, et adopté [1]/ les observations ci‑après :", "A. Introduction", "2. Le Comité félicite l'Etat partie pour son rapport remarquable par son caractère détaillé, rédigé conformément aux directives du Comité, et pour le dialogue extrêmement constructif qu'il a engagé avec le Comité grâce à une délégation des plus qualifiée. Il relève avec satisfaction que les renseignements fournis dans le rapport et ceux soumis oralement par la délégation en réponse à des questions, tant écrites qu'orales, lui ont permis de se faire une idée générale de la façon dont l'Islande s'acquitte effectivement des obligations contractées aux termes du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques. Le Comité regrette cependant que le deuxième rapport périodique, qui était attendu en 1987, ait été soumis avec un retard considérable.", "B. Facteurs et difficultés portant atteinte", "à l'application du Pacte", "3. Le Comité estime qu'il n'existe pratiquement aucun facteur ni difficulté susceptible de nuire à l'application effective des dispositions du Pacte par le Gouvernement islandais.", "C. Aspects positifs", "4. Le Comité se félicite des efforts entrepris par le Gouvernement islandais depuis la présentation du rapport initial en 1981 pour garantir effectivement la protection des droits énoncés dans le Pacte. L'adoption et l'entrée en vigueur, le 1er juillet 1992, d'une nouvelle loi se traduisant par la séparation totale du pouvoir judiciaire du pouvoir exécutif, ainsi qu'une législation détaillée apportant d'importants changements au système judiciaire et aux règles de procédure, la création en 1988, conformément à la loi No 13/1987, de la fonction de médiateur parlementaire, et les révisions apportées à la loi sur l'égalité de statut de 1976 revêtent une importance particulière à cet égard.", "5. A ce propos, le Comité note avec satisfaction que la loi No 28/1991 sur l'égalité de statut et de droits entre les hommes et les femmes a contribué à garantir l'égalité des droits à tous égards encore qu'il reste des améliorations à apporter dans la pratique en matière de salaire. Il relève aussi avec intérêt la création du Conseil pour l'égalité des droits, chargé de veiller à la mise en oeuvre de la loi sur l'égalité des droits et de présenter des recommandations aux autorités concernant l'égalité des sexes. La création annoncée au niveau municipal dans l'ensemble du pays, de comités pour l'égalité des droits ayant pour mission de conseiller les autorités locales, contribuera aussi à promouvoir l'égalité des droits des hommes et des femmes.", "D. Principaux sujets de préoccupation", "6. Le Comité s'inquiète de constater que la Constitution islandaise ne contient pas de dispositions claires et détaillées concernant la protection de tous les droits de l'homme fondamentaux reconnus dans les nombreux traités internationaux en la matière, en particulier dans le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, auquel l'Islande est partie. On ne remédie pas à une telle absence en se fondant sur des règles fondamentales non écrites et qui ne sont pas spécifiées. En ce faisant, on ne répond pas comme il convient aux exigences du paragraphe 2 de l'article 2 du Pacte, qui fait obligation aux Etats parties de prendre toutes mesures d'ordre législatif ou autre propres à donner effet aux droits reconnus dans le Pacte. Quelque efficace que soit la tradition constitutionnelle islandaise qui consiste à se fonder sur des règles et des principes fondamentaux non écrits, la codification des règles régissant la protection des droits de l'homme est un important élément de protection.", "7. A cet égard, le Comité est préoccupé par la place du Pacte dans l'ordre juridique national et par l'imprécision qui entoure le règlement d'éventuels conflits entre le Pacte, la Constitution et la législation interne.", "8. Le Comité exprime aussi sa préoccupation devant la préférence apparemment accordée en droit interne ainsi que dans la doctrine juridique et la jurisprudence, à la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l'homme et des libertés fondamentales par rapport au Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques. Il appelle à ce sujet l'attention de l'Etat partie sur le fait que ce dernier garantit un certain nombre de droits de l'homme qui ne sont pas protégés par la Convention et que les restrictions acceptables y sont moins larges.", "9. Le Comité espère que le texte législatif intéressant l'article 13 qui va être adopté sera rédigé de manière à permettre le retrait de la réserve émise à ce sujet.", "10. Le Comité note que d'autres exigences du Pacte ne sont pas pleinement satisfaites, en particulier celles dont il est question à l'article 4, aux paragraphes 3 et 4 de l'article 9, à l'article 19 et au paragraphe 2 de l'article 24. Le Comité note également que les aveux faits sous la contrainte ne sont pas clairement écartés en tant qu'éléments de preuve, que l'application de traitements inhumains et dégradants reste possible et qu'il s'exerce encore des mesures discriminatoires à l'encontre des enfants nés hors mariage et en faveur des fonctionnaires. La possibilité d'infliger, en cas d'atteinte à l'honneur, une peine de prison pouvant aller jusqu'à un an pose des problèmes au regard de l'article 19 et il en est de même, au regard de l'article 26, de la limitation imposée aux citoyens naturalisés s'agissant de conserver leur nom d'origine. Le Comité a également appelé l'attention de l'Etat partie sur les diverses observations générales qu'il a adoptées.", "E. Suggestions et recommandations", "11. Le Comité recommande à l'Etat partie de prendre les mesures qui s'imposent pour incorporer les dispositions du Pacte dans le droit interne et de veiller à ce que le Pacte soit traité sur un pied d'égalité avec les autres instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme, tant sur le plan juridique que dans la pratique.", "12. A ce propos, le Comité recommande au Gouvernement islandais d'envisager de modifier la Constitution pour y refléter comme il convient les dispositions du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques et des autres instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme ratifiés par l'Islande. Dans l'intervalle, le Comité recommande vivement d'inclure le Pacte, par la voie d'amendements, dans le projet de loi envisageant d'incorporer la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l'homme et des libertés fondamentales dans le droit interne, dont l'Althing (le Parlement) est actuellement saisi.", "13. Le Comité recommande également au gouvernement d'examiner la question de savoir si les réserves émises restent nécessaires, ce en vue de leur retrait éventuel.", "14. Le Comité souligne que de nouvelles mesures devraient être prises pour assurer une plus large diffusion des dispositions du Pacte, en particulier parmi les avocats et les représentants du pouvoir judiciaire.", "15. Le Comité recommande vivement à l'Etat partie d'observer scrupuleusement les obligations qui lui incombent en matière d'établissement de rapports en vertu de l'article 40 du Pacte et de soumettre son troisième rapport périodique dans les délais que fixera le Comité.", "-----", "[1] / A sa 1281ème séance, tenue le 29 octobre 1993.", "GE.93-19120 (F)" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "CCPR/C/79/Add.26", "3 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE", "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES", "UNDER ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT", "Comments of the Human Rights Committee", "ICELAND", "1. The Committee considered the second periodic report of Iceland (CCPR/C/46/Add.5) at its 1266th to 1268th meetings, held on 19 and 20 October 1993, and adopted 1/ the following comments:", "A. Introduction", "2. The Committee expresses its appreciation to the State party for its elaborate and thorough report, which has been prepared in accordance with the Committee's guidelines, and for engaging through a highly qualified delegation in an extremely constructive dialogue with the Committee. It notes with satisfaction that the information provided in the report, and that orally submitted by the delegation in reply to both written and oral questions, enabled the Committee to obtain a comprehensive view of Iceland's actual compliance with the obligations undertaken under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Committee, however, regrets that the second periodic report, which was due in 1987, was submitted with considerable delay.", "B. Factors and difficulties affecting the", "application of the Covenant", "3. The Committee finds that there are no important difficulties which may affect the effective implementation of the Covenant's provisions by the Government of Iceland.", "_________", "1/ At its 1281st meeting, held on 29 November 1993.", "GE.93-19119 (E)", "C. Positive aspects", "4. The Committee welcomes the efforts undertaken by the Government of Iceland since the submission of the initial report in 1981 in order to effectively guarantee the protection of rights set forth in the Covenant. Of particular importance in this respect were the adoption and the entry into force on 1 July 1992 of a new law resulting in the total separation of judicial and executive power, as well as comprehensive legislation concerning extensive changes in the judicial system and rules governing judicial procedure; the establishment in 1988, in accordance with Law No.13/1987, of the Office of Ombudsman of the Althing (Parliament); and the revisions of the Equal Status Law of 1976.", "5. In this connection, the Committee notes with satisfaction that the Law No. 28/1991 on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men has contributed towards equal rights of men and women in general, although there is still room for improvement in practice with regard to the remuneration for work. The Committee also notes with interest the establishment of the Equal Rights Council with the aim of ensuring the proper implementation of the Equal Rights Law and of recommending proposals to the authorities regarding gender equality. The announced establishment of Equal Rights Committees at the municipal level throughout the country to provide counsel to municipal governments would further serve the promotion of the equality of rights of men and women.", "D. Principal subjects of concern", "6. The Committee notes with concern that the Icelandic Constitution is lacking in clear and comprehensive provisions dealing with the protection of all fundamental human rights as recognized in the numerous international human rights treaties, in particular in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iceland is a party. The absence is not met by reliance on unspecified unwritten fundamental rules. This does not adequately meet the requirements of article 2, paragraph 2, of the Covenant, which enjoins States parties to take such legislative or other measures which may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized in the Covenant. No matter how effective the Icelandic constitutional tradition of relying on unwritten fundamental rules and principles may be, codification of the rules governing the protection of human rights is an important element of protection.", "7. In this connection, the Committee expresses its concern over the status of the Covenant within the national legal order and the lack of clarity concerning the resolution of eventual conflicts between the Covenant and the Constitution and other domestic legislation.", "8. The Committee also expresses its concern over the apparent preference accorded, in the domestic law as well as in legal doctrine and jurisprudence, to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as against the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In that regard, the attention of the State party is drawn to the fact that the latter guarantees a number of human rights not protected under the former and that permissible restrictions are less broad-based.", "9. The Committee hopes that the pending legislation relevant to article 13 will be formulated in such a way as to allow the reservation thereunder to be withdrawn.", "10. The Committee notes that some other requirements of the Covenant are not fully met, in particular those referred to in articles 4, 9, paragraphs 3 and 4, 19 and 24, paragraph 2. The Committee also notes that confessions made under duress are not clearly excluded as evidence, that inhuman and degrading punishment is still possible, and that there is still discrimination against children born out of wedlock and in favour of public officials. The possibility of a sentence of up to one year's imprisonment for libel presents problems in relation to article 19; and the limitation imposed upon naturalized citizens in the retention of their names of origin raises issues under article 26. The attention of the State party has also been drawn to the various General Comments adopted by the Committee.", "E. Suggestions and recommendations", "11. The Committee recommends that the State party take appropriate measures to incorporate provisions of the Covenant into domestic law and ensure that the Covenant be treated on an equal footing with regional human rights instruments, both in legal and practical terms.", "12. In that context, the Committee recommends that the Government of Iceland consider amending the national Constitution in order to reflect adequately the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and other international human rights treaties ratified by Iceland. In the meantime, the Committee strongly recommends that the Covenant be included, by way of appropriate amendments, in the draft law envisaging the incorporation of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms into domestic law, at present before the Althing (Parliament), or in a similar legislative act.", "13. The Committee also recommends that the Government reviews the continuing need for any reservation, with a view to withdrawing them.", "14. The Committee emphasizes that further measures should be taken to ensure that the provisions of the Covenant are more widely disseminated, particularly among the legal profession and members of the judiciary.", "15. The Committee strongly recommends that the reporting obligations of the State party under article 40 of the Covenant be strictly observed and that the third periodic report be submitted within the time‑limit to be determined by the Committee.", "-----" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "CCPR/C/79/Add.26", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE", "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES", "IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT", "Comments of the Human Rights Committee", "ICELAND", "1.The Committee considered the second periodic report of Iceland (CCPR/C/46/Add.5) at its 1266th to 1268th meetings, held on 19 and 20 October 1993, and adopted [1]/ the following observations:", "A.Introduction", "2.The Committee commends the State party for its outstanding report, which was drafted in accordance with the Committee's guidelines, and for the extremely constructive dialogue it had initiated with the Committee through a highly qualified delegation.The Committee notes with satisfaction that the information provided in the report and the oral information submitted by the delegation in response to questions, both in writing and in the oral sphere, has provided an overall picture of Iceland's effective implementation of its obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.The Committee regrets, however, that the second periodic report, which was due in 1987, was submitted with considerable delay.", "B.Factors and difficulties affecting", "the Covenant", "3.The Committee considers that there are virtually no factors or difficulties that could affect the effective implementation of the provisions of the Covenant by the Icelandic Government.", "C.Positive aspects", "4.The Committee welcomes the efforts undertaken by the Government of Iceland since the submission of the initial report in 1981 to ensure the effective protection of the rights set forth in the Covenant.The adoption and entry into force on 1 July 1992 of a new law resulting in the total separation of the judiciary from the executive branch, as well as detailed legislation making significant changes to the judicial system and the rules of procedure, the establishment in 1988 of the Parliamentary Ombudsman in accordance with Act No. 13/1987, and the revisions to the Equal Status Act of 1976 are of particular importance in this regard.", "5.In this connection, the Committee notes with satisfaction that Act No. 28/1991 on equal status and rights for men and women has contributed to ensuring equal rights in all aspects, although there are still some improvements in the practice of pay.It also notes with interest the establishment of the Equal Rights Council, which is responsible for the implementation of the Equal Rights Act and for making recommendations to the authorities on gender equality.The establishment of equal rights committees at municipal level throughout the country, whose mission is to advise local authorities, will also help to promote equal rights for men and women.", "D.Principal subjects of concern", "6.The Committee is concerned that the Icelandic Constitution does not contain clear and detailed provisions for the protection of all fundamental human rights recognized in the numerous international human rights treaties in this area, in particular in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iceland is a party.Such absence is not addressed on the basis of unwritten and unspecified basic rules.In doing so, the requirements of article 2, paragraph 2, of the Covenant, which requires States parties to take any legislative or other measures that would give effect to the rights recognized in the Covenant, are not adequately met.Whatever the Icelandic constitutional tradition of using unwritten rules and fundamental principles, the codification of rules governing the protection of human rights is an important element of protection.", "7.In this regard, the Committee is concerned about the status of the Covenant in the national legal order and the imprecision surrounding the resolution of possible conflicts between the Covenant, the Constitution and domestic legislation.", "8.The Committee also expresses its concern at the apparent preference given in domestic law, legal doctrine and jurisprudence to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in relation to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.In this regard, the Committee draws the attention of the State party to the fact that the State party guarantees a number of human rights that are not protected by the Convention and that the restrictions acceptable to the State party are less broad.", "9.The Committee hopes that the legislation relevant to article 13 to be adopted will be drafted in such a way as to allow the withdrawal of the reservation on this subject.", "10.The Committee notes that other requirements of the Covenant are not fully met, in particular those referred to in articles 4, 9, paragraphs 3 and 4, 19, and 24, paragraph 2.The Committee also notes that confessions made under duress are not clearly ruled out as evidence, that inhuman and degrading treatment remains possible and that discriminatory measures are still being taken against children born out of wedlock and in favour of public officials.The possibility of imposing a prison term of up to one year in the event of an offence against honour is problematic under Article 19 and the same applies under Article 26 to the limitation imposed on naturalized citizens with regard to the retention of their original name.The Committee also drew the State party's attention to the various general comments it had adopted.", "E. Suggestions and recommendations", "11.The Committee recommends that the State party take the necessary measures to incorporate the provisions of the Covenant into domestic law and ensure that the Covenant is treated on an equal footing with other international human rights instruments, both in legal and practical terms.", "12.In this regard, the Committee recommends that the Government of Iceland consider amending the Constitution to reflect appropriately the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and other international human rights instruments ratified by Iceland.In the meantime, the Committee strongly recommends that the Covenant be included, through amendments, in the draft law considering the incorporation of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms into domestic law, which is currently before the Althing (Parliament).", "13.The Committee also recommends that the Government consider whether reservations made remain necessary, with a view to their eventual withdrawal.", "14.The Committee emphasizes that further measures should be taken to ensure wider dissemination of the provisions of the Covenant, in particular among lawyers and representatives of the judiciary.", "15.The Committee strongly recommends that the State party comply scrupulously with its reporting obligations under article 40 of the Covenant and submit its third periodic report within the time limits set by the Committee.", "-----", "[1] /At its 1281st meeting, held on 29 October 1993.", "GE.93-19120 (F)" ]	"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"
"hZ2zscXIBSmQ7T4JaWZHcqlmDeOr2e8ru4fE9mul8jY="	en	es	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "CCPR/C/79/Add.26", "3 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE", "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES", "UNDER ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT", "Comments of the Human Rights Committee", "ICELAND", "1. The Committee considered the second periodic report of Iceland (CCPR/C/46/Add.5) at its 1266th to 1268th meetings, held on 19 and 20 October 1993, and adopted 1/ the following comments:", "A. Introduction", "2. The Committee expresses its appreciation to the State party for its elaborate and thorough report, which has been prepared in accordance with the Committee's guidelines, and for engaging through a highly qualified delegation in an extremely constructive dialogue with the Committee. It notes with satisfaction that the information provided in the report, and that orally submitted by the delegation in reply to both written and oral questions, enabled the Committee to obtain a comprehensive view of Iceland's actual compliance with the obligations undertaken under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Committee, however, regrets that the second periodic report, which was due in 1987, was submitted with considerable delay.", "B. Factors and difficulties affecting the", "application of the Covenant", "3. The Committee finds that there are no important difficulties which may affect the effective implementation of the Covenant's provisions by the Government of Iceland.", "_________", "1/ At its 1281st meeting, held on 29 November 1993.", "GE.93-19119 (E)", "C. Positive aspects", "4. The Committee welcomes the efforts undertaken by the Government of Iceland since the submission of the initial report in 1981 in order to effectively guarantee the protection of rights set forth in the Covenant. Of particular importance in this respect were the adoption and the entry into force on 1 July 1992 of a new law resulting in the total separation of judicial and executive power, as well as comprehensive legislation concerning extensive changes in the judicial system and rules governing judicial procedure; the establishment in 1988, in accordance with Law No.13/1987, of the Office of Ombudsman of the Althing (Parliament); and the revisions of the Equal Status Law of 1976.", "5. In this connection, the Committee notes with satisfaction that the Law No. 28/1991 on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men has contributed towards equal rights of men and women in general, although there is still room for improvement in practice with regard to the remuneration for work. The Committee also notes with interest the establishment of the Equal Rights Council with the aim of ensuring the proper implementation of the Equal Rights Law and of recommending proposals to the authorities regarding gender equality. The announced establishment of Equal Rights Committees at the municipal level throughout the country to provide counsel to municipal governments would further serve the promotion of the equality of rights of men and women.", "D. Principal subjects of concern", "6. The Committee notes with concern that the Icelandic Constitution is lacking in clear and comprehensive provisions dealing with the protection of all fundamental human rights as recognized in the numerous international human rights treaties, in particular in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iceland is a party. The absence is not met by reliance on unspecified unwritten fundamental rules. This does not adequately meet the requirements of article 2, paragraph 2, of the Covenant, which enjoins States parties to take such legislative or other measures which may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized in the Covenant. No matter how effective the Icelandic constitutional tradition of relying on unwritten fundamental rules and principles may be, codification of the rules governing the protection of human rights is an important element of protection.", "7. In this connection, the Committee expresses its concern over the status of the Covenant within the national legal order and the lack of clarity concerning the resolution of eventual conflicts between the Covenant and the Constitution and other domestic legislation.", "8. The Committee also expresses its concern over the apparent preference accorded, in the domestic law as well as in legal doctrine and jurisprudence, to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as against the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In that regard, the attention of the State party is drawn to the fact that the latter guarantees a number of human rights not protected under the former and that permissible restrictions are less broad-based.", "9. The Committee hopes that the pending legislation relevant to article 13 will be formulated in such a way as to allow the reservation thereunder to be withdrawn.", "10. The Committee notes that some other requirements of the Covenant are not fully met, in particular those referred to in articles 4, 9, paragraphs 3 and 4, 19 and 24, paragraph 2. The Committee also notes that confessions made under duress are not clearly excluded as evidence, that inhuman and degrading punishment is still possible, and that there is still discrimination against children born out of wedlock and in favour of public officials. The possibility of a sentence of up to one year's imprisonment for libel presents problems in relation to article 19; and the limitation imposed upon naturalized citizens in the retention of their names of origin raises issues under article 26. The attention of the State party has also been drawn to the various General Comments adopted by the Committee.", "E. Suggestions and recommendations", "11. The Committee recommends that the State party take appropriate measures to incorporate provisions of the Covenant into domestic law and ensure that the Covenant be treated on an equal footing with regional human rights instruments, both in legal and practical terms.", "12. In that context, the Committee recommends that the Government of Iceland consider amending the national Constitution in order to reflect adequately the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and other international human rights treaties ratified by Iceland. In the meantime, the Committee strongly recommends that the Covenant be included, by way of appropriate amendments, in the draft law envisaging the incorporation of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms into domestic law, at present before the Althing (Parliament), or in a similar legislative act.", "13. The Committee also recommends that the Government reviews the continuing need for any reservation, with a view to withdrawing them.", "14. The Committee emphasizes that further measures should be taken to ensure that the provisions of the Covenant are more widely disseminated, particularly among the legal profession and members of the judiciary.", "15. The Committee strongly recommends that the reporting obligations of the State party under article 40 of the Covenant be strictly observed and that the third periodic report be submitted within the time‑limit to be determined by the Committee.", "-----" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "CCPR/C/79/Add.26", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "Original: INGLES", "COMITE DE DERECHOS HUMANOS", "EXAMEN DE LOS INFORMES PRESENTADOS POR LOS ESTADOS PARTES", "DE CONFORMIDAD CON EL ARTICULO 40 DEL PACTO", "Observaciones del Comité de Derechos Humanos", "ISLANDIA", "1. El Comité examinó el segundo informe periódico de Islandia (CCPR/C/46/Add.5) en sus sesiones 1266ª a 1268ª, celebradas los días 19 y 20 de octubre de 1993, y aprobó 1/ las siguientes observaciones:", "A. Introducción", "2. El Comité expresa su reconocimiento al Estado parte por su detallado y completo informe, que ha sido preparado conforme a las directrices del Comité, y por entablar, por conducto de una delegación altamente calificada, un diálogo sumamente constructivo con el Comité. El Comité toma nota con satisfacción de que tanto la información facilitada en el informe como la proporcionada verbalmente por la delegación en respuesta a las preguntas presentadas por escrito y formuladas oralmente han permitido al Comité hacerse una idea clara del cumplimiento efectivo por Islandia de las obligaciones que ha contraído en virtud del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos. Con todo, el Comité lamenta que el segundo informe periódico, que debía presentarse en 1987, se presentara con un considerable retraso.", "B. Factores y dificultades que obstaculizan la aplicación del Pacto", "3. El Comité observa que no existen graves dificultades que puedan obstaculizar la aplicación efectiva por el Gobierno de Islandia de las disposiciones del Pacto.", "_________________________", "1/ En la 1281ª sesión, celebrada el 29 de noviembre de 1993.", "GE.93-19122 (S)", "C. Aspectos positivos", "4. El Comité se congratula de los esfuerzos que ha realizado el Gobierno de Islandia desde la presentación del informe inicial en 1981 para garantizar efectivamente la protección de los derechos enunciados en el Pacto. Revestía especial importancia a este respecto la aprobación y entrada en vigor el 1º de julio de 1992 de una nueva ley que establece la separación completa entre el poder judicial y el poder ejecutivo, así como la legislación exhaustiva sobre los amplios cambios introducidos en el sistema judicial y las leyes que rigen el procedimiento judicial; el establecimiento en 1988, conforme a la ley Nº 13/1987, de la Oficina del Ombudsman del Althing (Parlamento), y las revisiones de la Ley de la igualdad de condición, de 1976.", "5. A este respecto, el Comité toma nota con satisfacción de que la Ley Nº 28/1991 sobre la igualdad de condición y de derechos del hombre y la mujer garantiza iguales derechos al hombre y a la mujer en general, aunque sigue habiendo margen para otras mejoras en la práctica, por lo que concierne a la remuneración del trabajo. El Comité también toma nota con interés del establecimiento del Consejo de la Igualdad de Derechos con miras a garantizar la debida aplicación de la Ley de igualdad de derechos y a recomendar propuestas a las autoridades con relación a la igualdad entre los sexos. El establecimiento anunciado de los Comités de la Igualdad de Derechos a nivel municipal en todo el país a fin de prestar asesoramiento a los gobiernos municipales contribuiría aún más a promover la igualdad de derechos del hombre y la mujer.", "D. Principales motivos de preocupación", "6. El Comité toma nota con preocupación de que la Constitución de Islandia carece de disposiciones claras y amplias relativas a la protección de todos los derechos humanos fundamentales reconocidos en los numerosos instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos, en particular en el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos, en el que Islandia es parte. Esa laguna no se cubre recurriendo a normas fundamentales no escritas y no especificadas. Esto no basta para cumplir los requisitos del párrafo 2 del artículo 2 del Pacto, en el que se prescribe que los Estados partes han de adoptar las disposiciones legislativas o de otro carácter que fueren necesarias para hacer efectivos los derechos reconocidos en el Pacto. Por eficiente que sea la tradición constitucional islandesa de recurrir a las normas y los principios fundamentales no escritos, la codificación de las normas que rigen la protección de los derechos humanos es un importante elemento de protección.", "7. A este respecto, el Comité expresa su preocupación por la situación del Pacto dentro del ordenamiento jurídico nacional y por la falta de claridad en lo que concierne a la solución de los conflictos que pudieran surgir entre el Pacto y la legislación interna.", "8. El Comité también expresa su preocupación por la patente preferencia que se otorga, tanto en la legislación interna como en la doctrina jurídica y la jurisprudencia, al Convenio Europeo para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y de las Libertades Fundamentales, frente al Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos. A este respecto, se señala a la atención del Estado parte que el Pacto garantiza una serie de derechos humanos que no están protegidos por el Convenio Europeo y que las restricciones permisibles son amplias.", "9. El Comité confía en que la legislación pendiente relativa al artículo 13 se formulará de manera que se pueda retirar la reserva al respecto.", "10. El Comité observa que no se satisfacen plenamente algunos otros requisitos del Pacto, en particular los mencionados en el artículo 4, los párrafos 3 y 4 del artículo 9, el artículo 19 y el párrafo 2 del artículo 24. El Comité observa asimismo que las confesiones obtenidas por la fuerza no están claramente excluidas como prueba, que los castigos inhumanos o degradantes siguen siendo posibles y que todavía se dan casos de discriminación contra los niños nacidos fuera de matrimonio y en favor de los funcionarios públicos. La posibilidad de una sentencia de hasta un año de prisión por difamación plantea problemas en relación con el artículo 19; y la limitación impuesta a los ciudadanos naturalizados con respecto al mantenimiento de sus nombres de origen tropieza con el artículo 26. También se han señalado a la atención del Estado parte las diversas observaciones generales adoptadas por el Comité.", "E. Sugerencias y recomendaciones", "11. El Comité recomienda que el Estado parte adopte las medidas adecuadas para incorporar las disposiciones del Pacto en la legislación interna y velar por que el Pacto sea tratado en pie de igualdad con los demás instrumentos regionales de derechos humanos, tanto en términos legales como prácticos.", "12. A este respecto, el Comité recomienda que el Gobierno de Islandia considere la posibilidad de modificar la Constitución nacional a fin de reflejar adecuadamente las disposiciones del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos y demás instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos ratificados por Islandia. Entretanto, el Comité recomienda firmemente que el Pacto se incluya, mediante enmiendas apropiadas, en el proyecto de ley que prevé la incorporación del Convenio Europeo para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y de las Libertades Fundamentales en la legislación interna, actualmente sometido al Althing (Parlamento), o en una ley similar.", "13. El Comité recomienda asimismo que el Gobierno reexamine la necesidad de mantener las reservas, con miras a retirarlas.", "14. El Comité subraya la necesidad de adoptar nuevas medidas a fin de dar mayor difusión a las disposiciones del Pacto, especialmente entre los abogados y los miembros del poder judicial.", "15. El Comité recomienda vivamente que se respeten estrictamente las obligaciones que en materia de presentación de informes ha contraído el Estado parte en virtud del artículo 40 del Pacto y que el tercer informe periódico se presente dentro del plazo que establezca el Comité.", "‑‑‑‑‑" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "CCPR/C/79/Add.26", "3 November 1993", "Original: ENGLISH", "HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE", "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES", "UNDER ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT", "Comments of the Human Rights Committee", "ICELAND", "1. The Committee considered the second periodic report of Iceland (CCPR/C/46/Add.5) at its 1266th to 1268th meetings, held on 19 and 20 October 1993, and adopted 1/ the following comments:", "A. Introduction", "2. The Committee expresses its appreciation to the State party for its elaborate and thorough report, which has been prepared in accordance with the Committee's guidelines, and for engaging through a highly qualified delegation in an extremely constructive dialogue with the Committee. It notes with satisfaction that the information provided in the report, and that orally submitted by the delegation in reply to both written and oral questions, enabled the Committee to obtain a comprehensive view of Iceland's actual compliance with the obligations undertaken under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Committee, however, regrets that the second periodic report, which was due in 1987, was submitted with considerable delay.", "B. Factors and difficulties affecting the", "application of the Covenant", "3. The Committee finds that there are no important difficulties which may affect the effective implementation of the Covenant's provisions by the Government of Iceland.", "_________", "1/ At its 1281st meeting, held on 29 November 1993.", "GE.93-19119 (E)", "C. Positive aspects", "4. The Committee welcomes the efforts undertaken by the Government of Iceland since the submission of the initial report in 1981 in order to effectively guarantee the protection of rights set forth in the Covenant. Of particular importance in this respect were the adoption and the entry into force on 1 July 1992 of a new law resulting in the total separation of judicial and executive power, as well as comprehensive legislation concerning extensive changes in the judicial system and rules governing judicial procedure; the establishment in 1988, in accordance with Law No.13/1987, of the Office of Ombudsman of the Althing (Parliament); and the revisions of the Equal Status Law of 1976.", "5. In this connection, the Committee notes with satisfaction that the Law No. 28/1991 on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men has contributed towards equal rights of men and women in general, although there is still room for improvement in practice with regard to the remuneration for work. The Committee also notes with interest the establishment of the Equal Rights Council with the aim of ensuring the proper implementation of the Equal Rights Law and of recommending proposals to the authorities regarding gender equality. The announced establishment of Equal Rights Committees at the municipal level throughout the country to provide counsel to municipal governments would further serve the promotion of the equality of rights of men and women.", "D. Principal subjects of concern", "6. The Committee notes with concern that the Icelandic Constitution is lacking in clear and comprehensive provisions dealing with the protection of all fundamental human rights as recognized in the numerous international human rights treaties, in particular in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iceland is a party. The absence is not met by reliance on unspecified unwritten fundamental rules. This does not adequately meet the requirements of article 2, paragraph 2, of the Covenant, which enjoins States parties to take such legislative or other measures which may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized in the Covenant. No matter how effective the Icelandic constitutional tradition of relying on unwritten fundamental rules and principles may be, codification of the rules governing the protection of human rights is an important element of protection.", "7. In this connection, the Committee expresses its concern over the status of the Covenant within the national legal order and the lack of clarity concerning the resolution of eventual conflicts between the Covenant and the Constitution and other domestic legislation.", "8. The Committee also expresses its concern over the apparent preference accorded, in the domestic law as well as in legal doctrine and jurisprudence, to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as against the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In that regard, the attention of the State party is drawn to the fact that the latter guarantees a number of human rights not protected under the former and that permissible restrictions are less broad-based.", "9. The Committee hopes that the pending legislation relevant to article 13 will be formulated in such a way as to allow the reservation thereunder to be withdrawn.", "10. The Committee notes that some other requirements of the Covenant are not fully met, in particular those referred to in articles 4, 9, paragraphs 3 and 4, 19 and 24, paragraph 2. The Committee also notes that confessions made under duress are not clearly excluded as evidence, that inhuman and degrading punishment is still possible, and that there is still discrimination against children born out of wedlock and in favour of public officials. The possibility of a sentence of up to one year's imprisonment for libel presents problems in relation to article 19; and the limitation imposed upon naturalized citizens in the retention of their names of origin raises issues under article 26. The attention of the State party has also been drawn to the various General Comments adopted by the Committee.", "E. Suggestions and recommendations", "11. The Committee recommends that the State party take appropriate measures to incorporate provisions of the Covenant into domestic law and ensure that the Covenant be treated on an equal footing with regional human rights instruments, both in legal and practical terms.", "12. In that context, the Committee recommends that the Government of Iceland consider amending the national Constitution in order to reflect adequately the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and other international human rights treaties ratified by Iceland. In the meantime, the Committee strongly recommends that the Covenant be included, by way of appropriate amendments, in the draft law envisaging the incorporation of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms into domestic law, at present before the Althing (Parliament), or in a similar legislative act.", "13. The Committee also recommends that the Government reviews the continuing need for any reservation, with a view to withdrawing them.", "14. The Committee emphasizes that further measures should be taken to ensure that the provisions of the Covenant are more widely disseminated, particularly among the legal profession and members of the judiciary.", "15. The Committee strongly recommends that the reporting obligations of the State party under article 40 of the Covenant be strictly observed and that the third periodic report be submitted within the time‑limit to be determined by the Committee.", "-----" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "CCPR / C / 79 / Add.26", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "Original: ENGLISH", "HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE", "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES", "UNDER ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT", "Comments of the Human Rights Committee", "ISLAND", "1.The Committee considered the second periodic report of Iceland (CCPR / C / 46 / Add.5) at its 1266th to 1268th meetings, on 19 and 20 October 1993, and adopted 1 / the following observations:", "A.Introduction", "2.The Committee expresses its appreciation to the State party for its detailed and comprehensive report, which has been prepared in accordance with the Committee's guidelines, and for engaging, through a highly qualified delegation, in a highly constructive dialogue with the Committee.The Committee notes with satisfaction that both the information provided in the report and the information provided orally by the delegation in response to the written and oral questions made have enabled the Committee to have a clear idea of Iceland's effective implementation of its obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.However, the Committee regrets that the second periodic report, due in 1987, was submitted with considerable delay.", "B.Factors and difficulties impeding the implementation of the Covenant", "3.The Committee notes that there are no serious difficulties that may hinder the effective implementation by the Government of Iceland of the provisions of the Covenant.", "_________________________", "1/At the 1281st meeting, on 29 November 1993.", "GE.93-19544 (E)", "C.Positive aspects", "4.The Committee welcomes the efforts made by the Government of Iceland since the submission of the initial report in 1981 to ensure effective protection of the rights set forth in the Covenant.It was of particular importance in this regard that a new law establishing a complete separation between the judiciary and the executive, as well as comprehensive legislation on the extensive changes in the judicial system and the laws governing the judicial procedure, was adopted and entered into force on 1 July 1992; the establishment in 1988, in accordance with Act No. 13 / 1987, of the Office of the Ombudsman of the Althing (Parliament), and the revisions to the Equal Status Act of 1976.", "5.In this regard, the Committee notes with satisfaction that Act No. 28 / 1991 on equal status and rights of men and women guarantees equal rights for men and women in general, although there is still room for further improvements in practice, with regard to the remuneration of work.The Committee also notes with interest the establishment of the Equal Rights Council with a view to ensuring the proper implementation of the Equal Rights Act and to recommending proposals to the authorities with regard to gender equality.The announced establishment of the Equal Rights Committees at the municipal level throughout the country to provide advice to municipal governments would further contribute to the promotion of equal rights for men and women.", "D.Principal subjects of concern", "6.The Committee notes with concern that the Constitution of Iceland lacks clear and comprehensive provisions on the protection of all fundamental human rights recognized in the many international human rights instruments, in particular the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iceland is a party.This gap is not covered by the use of fundamental unwritten and unspecified standards.This is not sufficient to meet the requirements of article 2, paragraph 2, of the Covenant, which requires States parties to adopt such legislative or other provisions as may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized in the Covenant.The codification of the rules governing the protection of human rights was an important element of protection, however efficient the Icelandic constitutional tradition of using the fundamental unwritten norms and principles.", "7.In this regard, the Committee expresses its concern about the situation of the Covenant within the national legal system and about the lack of clarity regarding the resolution of conflicts that may arise between the Covenant and domestic legislation.", "8.The Committee also expresses its concern at the clear preference, in domestic legislation, in legal doctrine and case law, for the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, against the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.In this regard, the attention of the State party is drawn to the fact that the Covenant guarantees a number of human rights that are not protected by the European Convention and that the permissible restrictions are wide.", "9.The Committee trusts that the pending legislation on article 13 will be formulated in a manner that will enable the reservation to be withdrawn.", "10.The Committee notes that some other requirements of the Covenant, in particular those referred to in article 4, article 9, paragraphs 3 and 4, article 19 and article 24, paragraph 2, are not fully met.The Committee also notes that confessions obtained by force are not clearly excluded as evidence, that inhuman or degrading punishment remains possible and that there are still cases of discrimination against children born out of wedlock and in favour of public officials.The possibility of a sentence of up to one year & apos; s imprisonment for defamation raises problems under article 19; and the limitation imposed on naturalized citizens with regard to the maintenance of their names of origin is covered by article 26.The State party & apos; s attention has also been drawn to the various general comments adopted by the Committee.", "E.Suggestions and recommendations", "11.The Committee recommends that the State party take appropriate measures to incorporate the provisions of the Covenant into domestic law and to ensure that the Covenant is treated on an equal basis with other regional human rights instruments, in both legal and practical terms.", "12.In this regard, the Committee recommends that the Government of Iceland consider amending the national Constitution in order to adequately reflect the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and other international human rights instruments ratified by Iceland.In the meantime, the Committee strongly recommends that the Covenant be included, through appropriate amendments, in the draft law providing for the incorporation of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms into domestic legislation, currently submitted to the Althing (Parliament), or in a similar law.", "13.The Committee also recommends that the Government review the need to maintain reservations with a view to withdrawing them.", "14.The Committee stresses the need for further measures to make the provisions of the Covenant more widely known, especially among lawyers and members of the judiciary.", "15.The Committee strongly recommends that the State party's reporting obligations under article 40 of the Covenant be strictly respected and that the third periodic report be submitted within the time limit set by the Committee.", "‑‑‑‑‑" ]	"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"
"Da9fnFa1nQ+PgM+4TVYeWduqKsV6+FD0EJyL8bAzmnk="	fr	es	[ "Distr.", "GENERALE", "CCPR/C/79/Add.26", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "Original : ANGLAIS", "COMITE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME", "EXAMEN DES RAPPORTS PRESENTES PAR LES ETATS PARTIES", "CONFORMEMENT A L'ARTICLE 40 DU PACTE", "Observations du Comité des droits de l'homme", "ISLANDE", "1. Le Comité a examiné le deuxième rapport périodique de l'Islande (CCPR/C/46/Add.5) de sa 1266ème à sa 1268ème séance, tenues les 19 et 20 octobre 1993, et adopté [1]/ les observations ci‑après :", "A. Introduction", "2. Le Comité félicite l'Etat partie pour son rapport remarquable par son caractère détaillé, rédigé conformément aux directives du Comité, et pour le dialogue extrêmement constructif qu'il a engagé avec le Comité grâce à une délégation des plus qualifiée. Il relève avec satisfaction que les renseignements fournis dans le rapport et ceux soumis oralement par la délégation en réponse à des questions, tant écrites qu'orales, lui ont permis de se faire une idée générale de la façon dont l'Islande s'acquitte effectivement des obligations contractées aux termes du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques. Le Comité regrette cependant que le deuxième rapport périodique, qui était attendu en 1987, ait été soumis avec un retard considérable.", "B. Facteurs et difficultés portant atteinte", "à l'application du Pacte", "3. Le Comité estime qu'il n'existe pratiquement aucun facteur ni difficulté susceptible de nuire à l'application effective des dispositions du Pacte par le Gouvernement islandais.", "C. Aspects positifs", "4. Le Comité se félicite des efforts entrepris par le Gouvernement islandais depuis la présentation du rapport initial en 1981 pour garantir effectivement la protection des droits énoncés dans le Pacte. L'adoption et l'entrée en vigueur, le 1er juillet 1992, d'une nouvelle loi se traduisant par la séparation totale du pouvoir judiciaire du pouvoir exécutif, ainsi qu'une législation détaillée apportant d'importants changements au système judiciaire et aux règles de procédure, la création en 1988, conformément à la loi No 13/1987, de la fonction de médiateur parlementaire, et les révisions apportées à la loi sur l'égalité de statut de 1976 revêtent une importance particulière à cet égard.", "5. A ce propos, le Comité note avec satisfaction que la loi No 28/1991 sur l'égalité de statut et de droits entre les hommes et les femmes a contribué à garantir l'égalité des droits à tous égards encore qu'il reste des améliorations à apporter dans la pratique en matière de salaire. Il relève aussi avec intérêt la création du Conseil pour l'égalité des droits, chargé de veiller à la mise en oeuvre de la loi sur l'égalité des droits et de présenter des recommandations aux autorités concernant l'égalité des sexes. La création annoncée au niveau municipal dans l'ensemble du pays, de comités pour l'égalité des droits ayant pour mission de conseiller les autorités locales, contribuera aussi à promouvoir l'égalité des droits des hommes et des femmes.", "D. Principaux sujets de préoccupation", "6. Le Comité s'inquiète de constater que la Constitution islandaise ne contient pas de dispositions claires et détaillées concernant la protection de tous les droits de l'homme fondamentaux reconnus dans les nombreux traités internationaux en la matière, en particulier dans le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, auquel l'Islande est partie. On ne remédie pas à une telle absence en se fondant sur des règles fondamentales non écrites et qui ne sont pas spécifiées. En ce faisant, on ne répond pas comme il convient aux exigences du paragraphe 2 de l'article 2 du Pacte, qui fait obligation aux Etats parties de prendre toutes mesures d'ordre législatif ou autre propres à donner effet aux droits reconnus dans le Pacte. Quelque efficace que soit la tradition constitutionnelle islandaise qui consiste à se fonder sur des règles et des principes fondamentaux non écrits, la codification des règles régissant la protection des droits de l'homme est un important élément de protection.", "7. A cet égard, le Comité est préoccupé par la place du Pacte dans l'ordre juridique national et par l'imprécision qui entoure le règlement d'éventuels conflits entre le Pacte, la Constitution et la législation interne.", "8. Le Comité exprime aussi sa préoccupation devant la préférence apparemment accordée en droit interne ainsi que dans la doctrine juridique et la jurisprudence, à la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l'homme et des libertés fondamentales par rapport au Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques. Il appelle à ce sujet l'attention de l'Etat partie sur le fait que ce dernier garantit un certain nombre de droits de l'homme qui ne sont pas protégés par la Convention et que les restrictions acceptables y sont moins larges.", "9. Le Comité espère que le texte législatif intéressant l'article 13 qui va être adopté sera rédigé de manière à permettre le retrait de la réserve émise à ce sujet.", "10. Le Comité note que d'autres exigences du Pacte ne sont pas pleinement satisfaites, en particulier celles dont il est question à l'article 4, aux paragraphes 3 et 4 de l'article 9, à l'article 19 et au paragraphe 2 de l'article 24. Le Comité note également que les aveux faits sous la contrainte ne sont pas clairement écartés en tant qu'éléments de preuve, que l'application de traitements inhumains et dégradants reste possible et qu'il s'exerce encore des mesures discriminatoires à l'encontre des enfants nés hors mariage et en faveur des fonctionnaires. La possibilité d'infliger, en cas d'atteinte à l'honneur, une peine de prison pouvant aller jusqu'à un an pose des problèmes au regard de l'article 19 et il en est de même, au regard de l'article 26, de la limitation imposée aux citoyens naturalisés s'agissant de conserver leur nom d'origine. Le Comité a également appelé l'attention de l'Etat partie sur les diverses observations générales qu'il a adoptées.", "E. Suggestions et recommandations", "11. Le Comité recommande à l'Etat partie de prendre les mesures qui s'imposent pour incorporer les dispositions du Pacte dans le droit interne et de veiller à ce que le Pacte soit traité sur un pied d'égalité avec les autres instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme, tant sur le plan juridique que dans la pratique.", "12. A ce propos, le Comité recommande au Gouvernement islandais d'envisager de modifier la Constitution pour y refléter comme il convient les dispositions du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques et des autres instruments internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme ratifiés par l'Islande. Dans l'intervalle, le Comité recommande vivement d'inclure le Pacte, par la voie d'amendements, dans le projet de loi envisageant d'incorporer la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l'homme et des libertés fondamentales dans le droit interne, dont l'Althing (le Parlement) est actuellement saisi.", "13. Le Comité recommande également au gouvernement d'examiner la question de savoir si les réserves émises restent nécessaires, ce en vue de leur retrait éventuel.", "14. Le Comité souligne que de nouvelles mesures devraient être prises pour assurer une plus large diffusion des dispositions du Pacte, en particulier parmi les avocats et les représentants du pouvoir judiciaire.", "15. Le Comité recommande vivement à l'Etat partie d'observer scrupuleusement les obligations qui lui incombent en matière d'établissement de rapports en vertu de l'article 40 du Pacte et de soumettre son troisième rapport périodique dans les délais que fixera le Comité.", "-----", "[1] / A sa 1281ème séance, tenue le 29 octobre 1993.", "GE.93-19120 (F)" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "CCPR/C/79/Add.26", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "Original: INGLES", "COMITE DE DERECHOS HUMANOS", "EXAMEN DE LOS INFORMES PRESENTADOS POR LOS ESTADOS PARTES", "DE CONFORMIDAD CON EL ARTICULO 40 DEL PACTO", "Observaciones del Comité de Derechos Humanos", "ISLANDIA", "1. El Comité examinó el segundo informe periódico de Islandia (CCPR/C/46/Add.5) en sus sesiones 1266ª a 1268ª, celebradas los días 19 y 20 de octubre de 1993, y aprobó 1/ las siguientes observaciones:", "A. Introducción", "2. El Comité expresa su reconocimiento al Estado parte por su detallado y completo informe, que ha sido preparado conforme a las directrices del Comité, y por entablar, por conducto de una delegación altamente calificada, un diálogo sumamente constructivo con el Comité. El Comité toma nota con satisfacción de que tanto la información facilitada en el informe como la proporcionada verbalmente por la delegación en respuesta a las preguntas presentadas por escrito y formuladas oralmente han permitido al Comité hacerse una idea clara del cumplimiento efectivo por Islandia de las obligaciones que ha contraído en virtud del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos. Con todo, el Comité lamenta que el segundo informe periódico, que debía presentarse en 1987, se presentara con un considerable retraso.", "B. Factores y dificultades que obstaculizan la aplicación del Pacto", "3. El Comité observa que no existen graves dificultades que puedan obstaculizar la aplicación efectiva por el Gobierno de Islandia de las disposiciones del Pacto.", "_________________________", "1/ En la 1281ª sesión, celebrada el 29 de noviembre de 1993.", "GE.93-19122 (S)", "C. Aspectos positivos", "4. El Comité se congratula de los esfuerzos que ha realizado el Gobierno de Islandia desde la presentación del informe inicial en 1981 para garantizar efectivamente la protección de los derechos enunciados en el Pacto. Revestía especial importancia a este respecto la aprobación y entrada en vigor el 1º de julio de 1992 de una nueva ley que establece la separación completa entre el poder judicial y el poder ejecutivo, así como la legislación exhaustiva sobre los amplios cambios introducidos en el sistema judicial y las leyes que rigen el procedimiento judicial; el establecimiento en 1988, conforme a la ley Nº 13/1987, de la Oficina del Ombudsman del Althing (Parlamento), y las revisiones de la Ley de la igualdad de condición, de 1976.", "5. A este respecto, el Comité toma nota con satisfacción de que la Ley Nº 28/1991 sobre la igualdad de condición y de derechos del hombre y la mujer garantiza iguales derechos al hombre y a la mujer en general, aunque sigue habiendo margen para otras mejoras en la práctica, por lo que concierne a la remuneración del trabajo. El Comité también toma nota con interés del establecimiento del Consejo de la Igualdad de Derechos con miras a garantizar la debida aplicación de la Ley de igualdad de derechos y a recomendar propuestas a las autoridades con relación a la igualdad entre los sexos. El establecimiento anunciado de los Comités de la Igualdad de Derechos a nivel municipal en todo el país a fin de prestar asesoramiento a los gobiernos municipales contribuiría aún más a promover la igualdad de derechos del hombre y la mujer.", "D. Principales motivos de preocupación", "6. El Comité toma nota con preocupación de que la Constitución de Islandia carece de disposiciones claras y amplias relativas a la protección de todos los derechos humanos fundamentales reconocidos en los numerosos instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos, en particular en el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos, en el que Islandia es parte. Esa laguna no se cubre recurriendo a normas fundamentales no escritas y no especificadas. Esto no basta para cumplir los requisitos del párrafo 2 del artículo 2 del Pacto, en el que se prescribe que los Estados partes han de adoptar las disposiciones legislativas o de otro carácter que fueren necesarias para hacer efectivos los derechos reconocidos en el Pacto. Por eficiente que sea la tradición constitucional islandesa de recurrir a las normas y los principios fundamentales no escritos, la codificación de las normas que rigen la protección de los derechos humanos es un importante elemento de protección.", "7. A este respecto, el Comité expresa su preocupación por la situación del Pacto dentro del ordenamiento jurídico nacional y por la falta de claridad en lo que concierne a la solución de los conflictos que pudieran surgir entre el Pacto y la legislación interna.", "8. El Comité también expresa su preocupación por la patente preferencia que se otorga, tanto en la legislación interna como en la doctrina jurídica y la jurisprudencia, al Convenio Europeo para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y de las Libertades Fundamentales, frente al Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos. A este respecto, se señala a la atención del Estado parte que el Pacto garantiza una serie de derechos humanos que no están protegidos por el Convenio Europeo y que las restricciones permisibles son amplias.", "9. El Comité confía en que la legislación pendiente relativa al artículo 13 se formulará de manera que se pueda retirar la reserva al respecto.", "10. El Comité observa que no se satisfacen plenamente algunos otros requisitos del Pacto, en particular los mencionados en el artículo 4, los párrafos 3 y 4 del artículo 9, el artículo 19 y el párrafo 2 del artículo 24. El Comité observa asimismo que las confesiones obtenidas por la fuerza no están claramente excluidas como prueba, que los castigos inhumanos o degradantes siguen siendo posibles y que todavía se dan casos de discriminación contra los niños nacidos fuera de matrimonio y en favor de los funcionarios públicos. La posibilidad de una sentencia de hasta un año de prisión por difamación plantea problemas en relación con el artículo 19; y la limitación impuesta a los ciudadanos naturalizados con respecto al mantenimiento de sus nombres de origen tropieza con el artículo 26. También se han señalado a la atención del Estado parte las diversas observaciones generales adoptadas por el Comité.", "E. Sugerencias y recomendaciones", "11. El Comité recomienda que el Estado parte adopte las medidas adecuadas para incorporar las disposiciones del Pacto en la legislación interna y velar por que el Pacto sea tratado en pie de igualdad con los demás instrumentos regionales de derechos humanos, tanto en términos legales como prácticos.", "12. A este respecto, el Comité recomienda que el Gobierno de Islandia considere la posibilidad de modificar la Constitución nacional a fin de reflejar adecuadamente las disposiciones del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos y demás instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos ratificados por Islandia. Entretanto, el Comité recomienda firmemente que el Pacto se incluya, mediante enmiendas apropiadas, en el proyecto de ley que prevé la incorporación del Convenio Europeo para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y de las Libertades Fundamentales en la legislación interna, actualmente sometido al Althing (Parlamento), o en una ley similar.", "13. El Comité recomienda asimismo que el Gobierno reexamine la necesidad de mantener las reservas, con miras a retirarlas.", "14. El Comité subraya la necesidad de adoptar nuevas medidas a fin de dar mayor difusión a las disposiciones del Pacto, especialmente entre los abogados y los miembros del poder judicial.", "15. El Comité recomienda vivamente que se respeten estrictamente las obligaciones que en materia de presentación de informes ha contraído el Estado parte en virtud del artículo 40 del Pacto y que el tercer informe periódico se presente dentro del plazo que establezca el Comité.", "‑‑‑‑‑" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "CCPR/C/79/Add.26", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH", "HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE", "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES", "IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT", "Comments of the Human Rights Committee", "ICELAND", "1.The Committee considered the second periodic report of Iceland (CCPR/C/46/Add.5) at its 1266th to 1268th meetings, held on 19 and 20 October 1993, and adopted [1]/ the following observations:", "A.Introduction", "2.The Committee commends the State party for its outstanding report, which was drafted in accordance with the Committee's guidelines, and for the extremely constructive dialogue it had initiated with the Committee through a highly qualified delegation.The Committee notes with satisfaction that the information provided in the report and the oral information submitted by the delegation in response to questions, both in writing and in the oral sphere, has provided an overall picture of Iceland's effective implementation of its obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.The Committee regrets, however, that the second periodic report, which was due in 1987, was submitted with considerable delay.", "B.Factors and difficulties affecting", "the Covenant", "3.The Committee considers that there are virtually no factors or difficulties that could affect the effective implementation of the provisions of the Covenant by the Icelandic Government.", "C.Positive aspects", "4.The Committee welcomes the efforts undertaken by the Government of Iceland since the submission of the initial report in 1981 to ensure the effective protection of the rights set forth in the Covenant.The adoption and entry into force on 1 July 1992 of a new law resulting in the total separation of the judiciary from the executive branch, as well as detailed legislation making significant changes to the judicial system and the rules of procedure, the establishment in 1988 of the Parliamentary Ombudsman in accordance with Act No. 13/1987, and the revisions to the Equal Status Act of 1976 are of particular importance in this regard.", "5.In this connection, the Committee notes with satisfaction that Act No. 28/1991 on equal status and rights for men and women has contributed to ensuring equal rights in all aspects, although there are still some improvements in the practice of pay.It also notes with interest the establishment of the Equal Rights Council, which is responsible for the implementation of the Equal Rights Act and for making recommendations to the authorities on gender equality.The establishment of equal rights committees at municipal level throughout the country, whose mission is to advise local authorities, will also help to promote equal rights for men and women.", "D.Principal subjects of concern", "6.The Committee is concerned that the Icelandic Constitution does not contain clear and detailed provisions for the protection of all fundamental human rights recognized in the numerous international human rights treaties in this area, in particular in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iceland is a party.Such absence is not addressed on the basis of unwritten and unspecified basic rules.In doing so, the requirements of article 2, paragraph 2, of the Covenant, which requires States parties to take any legislative or other measures that would give effect to the rights recognized in the Covenant, are not adequately met.Whatever the Icelandic constitutional tradition of using unwritten rules and fundamental principles, the codification of rules governing the protection of human rights is an important element of protection.", "7.In this regard, the Committee is concerned about the status of the Covenant in the national legal order and the imprecision surrounding the resolution of possible conflicts between the Covenant, the Constitution and domestic legislation.", "8.The Committee also expresses its concern at the apparent preference given in domestic law, legal doctrine and jurisprudence to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in relation to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.In this regard, the Committee draws the attention of the State party to the fact that the State party guarantees a number of human rights that are not protected by the Convention and that the restrictions acceptable to the State party are less broad.", "9.The Committee hopes that the legislation relevant to article 13 to be adopted will be drafted in such a way as to allow the withdrawal of the reservation on this subject.", "10.The Committee notes that other requirements of the Covenant are not fully met, in particular those referred to in articles 4, 9, paragraphs 3 and 4, 19, and 24, paragraph 2.The Committee also notes that confessions made under duress are not clearly ruled out as evidence, that inhuman and degrading treatment remains possible and that discriminatory measures are still being taken against children born out of wedlock and in favour of public officials.The possibility of imposing a prison term of up to one year in the event of an offence against honour is problematic under Article 19 and the same applies under Article 26 to the limitation imposed on naturalized citizens with regard to the retention of their original name.The Committee also drew the State party's attention to the various general comments it had adopted.", "E. Suggestions and recommendations", "11.The Committee recommends that the State party take the necessary measures to incorporate the provisions of the Covenant into domestic law and ensure that the Covenant is treated on an equal footing with other international human rights instruments, both in legal and practical terms.", "12.In this regard, the Committee recommends that the Government of Iceland consider amending the Constitution to reflect appropriately the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and other international human rights instruments ratified by Iceland.In the meantime, the Committee strongly recommends that the Covenant be included, through amendments, in the draft law considering the incorporation of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms into domestic law, which is currently before the Althing (Parliament).", "13.The Committee also recommends that the Government consider whether reservations made remain necessary, with a view to their eventual withdrawal.", "14.The Committee emphasizes that further measures should be taken to ensure wider dissemination of the provisions of the Covenant, in particular among lawyers and representatives of the judiciary.", "15.The Committee strongly recommends that the State party comply scrupulously with its reporting obligations under article 40 of the Covenant and submit its third periodic report within the time limits set by the Committee.", "-----", "[1] /At its 1281st meeting, held on 29 October 1993.", "GE.93-19120 (F)" ]	[ "Distr.", "GENERAL", "CCPR / C / 79 / Add.26", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "Original: ENGLISH", "HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE", "CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES", "UNDER ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT", "Comments of the Human Rights Committee", "ISLAND", "1.The Committee considered the second periodic report of Iceland (CCPR / C / 46 / Add.5) at its 1266th to 1268th meetings, on 19 and 20 October 1993, and adopted 1 / the following observations:", "A.Introduction", "2.The Committee expresses its appreciation to the State party for its detailed and comprehensive report, which has been prepared in accordance with the Committee's guidelines, and for engaging, through a highly qualified delegation, in a highly constructive dialogue with the Committee.The Committee notes with satisfaction that both the information provided in the report and the information provided orally by the delegation in response to the written and oral questions made have enabled the Committee to have a clear idea of Iceland's effective implementation of its obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.However, the Committee regrets that the second periodic report, due in 1987, was submitted with considerable delay.", "B.Factors and difficulties impeding the implementation of the Covenant", "3.The Committee notes that there are no serious difficulties that may hinder the effective implementation by the Government of Iceland of the provisions of the Covenant.", "_________________________", "1/At the 1281st meeting, on 29 November 1993.", "GE.93-19544 (E)", "C.Positive aspects", "4.The Committee welcomes the efforts made by the Government of Iceland since the submission of the initial report in 1981 to ensure effective protection of the rights set forth in the Covenant.It was of particular importance in this regard that a new law establishing a complete separation between the judiciary and the executive, as well as comprehensive legislation on the extensive changes in the judicial system and the laws governing the judicial procedure, was adopted and entered into force on 1 July 1992; the establishment in 1988, in accordance with Act No. 13 / 1987, of the Office of the Ombudsman of the Althing (Parliament), and the revisions to the Equal Status Act of 1976.", "5.In this regard, the Committee notes with satisfaction that Act No. 28 / 1991 on equal status and rights of men and women guarantees equal rights for men and women in general, although there is still room for further improvements in practice, with regard to the remuneration of work.The Committee also notes with interest the establishment of the Equal Rights Council with a view to ensuring the proper implementation of the Equal Rights Act and to recommending proposals to the authorities with regard to gender equality.The announced establishment of the Equal Rights Committees at the municipal level throughout the country to provide advice to municipal governments would further contribute to the promotion of equal rights for men and women.", "D.Principal subjects of concern", "6.The Committee notes with concern that the Constitution of Iceland lacks clear and comprehensive provisions on the protection of all fundamental human rights recognized in the many international human rights instruments, in particular the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iceland is a party.This gap is not covered by the use of fundamental unwritten and unspecified standards.This is not sufficient to meet the requirements of article 2, paragraph 2, of the Covenant, which requires States parties to adopt such legislative or other provisions as may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized in the Covenant.The codification of the rules governing the protection of human rights was an important element of protection, however efficient the Icelandic constitutional tradition of using the fundamental unwritten norms and principles.", "7.In this regard, the Committee expresses its concern about the situation of the Covenant within the national legal system and about the lack of clarity regarding the resolution of conflicts that may arise between the Covenant and domestic legislation.", "8.The Committee also expresses its concern at the clear preference, in domestic legislation, in legal doctrine and case law, for the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, against the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.In this regard, the attention of the State party is drawn to the fact that the Covenant guarantees a number of human rights that are not protected by the European Convention and that the permissible restrictions are wide.", "9.The Committee trusts that the pending legislation on article 13 will be formulated in a manner that will enable the reservation to be withdrawn.", "10.The Committee notes that some other requirements of the Covenant, in particular those referred to in article 4, article 9, paragraphs 3 and 4, article 19 and article 24, paragraph 2, are not fully met.The Committee also notes that confessions obtained by force are not clearly excluded as evidence, that inhuman or degrading punishment remains possible and that there are still cases of discrimination against children born out of wedlock and in favour of public officials.The possibility of a sentence of up to one year & apos; s imprisonment for defamation raises problems under article 19; and the limitation imposed on naturalized citizens with regard to the maintenance of their names of origin is covered by article 26.The State party & apos; s attention has also been drawn to the various general comments adopted by the Committee.", "E.Suggestions and recommendations", "11.The Committee recommends that the State party take appropriate measures to incorporate the provisions of the Covenant into domestic law and to ensure that the Covenant is treated on an equal basis with other regional human rights instruments, in both legal and practical terms.", "12.In this regard, the Committee recommends that the Government of Iceland consider amending the national Constitution in order to adequately reflect the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and other international human rights instruments ratified by Iceland.In the meantime, the Committee strongly recommends that the Covenant be included, through appropriate amendments, in the draft law providing for the incorporation of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms into domestic legislation, currently submitted to the Althing (Parliament), or in a similar law.", "13.The Committee also recommends that the Government review the need to maintain reservations with a view to withdrawing them.", "14.The Committee stresses the need for further measures to make the provisions of the Covenant more widely known, especially among lawyers and members of the judiciary.", "15.The Committee strongly recommends that the State party's reporting obligations under article 40 of the Covenant be strictly respected and that the third periodic report be submitted within the time limit set by the Committee.", "‑‑‑‑‑" ]	"KLUv/WBwPkXOADroKCxLcOo4HbSrraoWMxsadcmcis1JlnSKBznKKFBbJIK7LCJXIVXERaSUhLaUJSOftLSy3OhCwN9g4pwsIjFZQL91X0d0cHvCKtHV6O8F9gJ3ApACvWJWReigmrOppzPK1xqT7qlOb1eVhOy9cvr6PVudyktja1wn33KdyjOu+w1xHYTOlOuWdPTx82uI4przrPVvlHO/ym3b6fO2lOmJ+nPIdalRBUJ+opPO3xOvZvJphFlRixM7ICNgFF1oMIfpJcECKdjhgAd0mF4f0NheVT53Mtwh2DrpUPI3XlalT25nrh7WlrhJl+2UcCdn/KiG/TbEpGeZ9Lh6Zs+ddW5sdvk8c9L597atvUxFX5nFquq5sNfJaUUYGT4fuHrmku43DgIHKP7kEBkwGFw9XEc3mXHI1dOPkvRJV0/KaGlvCdvZcGfX2HRD/SJz3WRxdbuyMsKWJwdERFnWMmRFZYjLkBoaF5cNtrPIcMJ0zfFM+nPdtvTltvG7elpb0rlOhct10TXW6eWOWRFWxpSRtYrCTnnz+vtlYUfprzVN3oDgpC4/29nZch11TbpszXZG6ZRX3xM144HPDtzAiSRX9ADF9BqSBIsd9mhADtNrJua0MzEsbMxpX1peYPb00oHP6YhLC82y8LIpKq6eU4wLKGZb9ojMyciMSwY+R2pabE41MzRrM/PScjJSM2OCDMzazMRsycfmBHOkpqXlyGltTjFb00KzNqcjMiebUw3N2hypmaGhaamRORlpceFE8pmRaTHCAgprM4OCy6nm9LJPTkaMzKAAitnTy9ocgZmpeVmb08uejsAYmXG5wuYUc4IMzH5wQMxMEF0Ljc3JChuYlpgTZFr2g4UcXeU/E0XmnS2JClKphG0/SuuVjEtygolTTEvNSeZ0wpIdAPAwvURPp78ssUMBAGiQSC2MxDMitVJIPBipVRrxpJBaLCOe0qhVZMTDMmqtjHiKjFpERjwro5bKiIfIqEUa8aiMWqMRD2nUwkY8o1ErZcSDjVoljCdl1GLBeEpYqwjGQwRrrWA8KliLCBZSwZaQsBYJ4xlhrRHGg2EtDOMptUpKWFosSoq0iihZaa0oIRJSaRHhIbVISrAWpiSllaKEAgDQECKvmip8BPkRZc+qfuvqnD7KpFv170qREkYrZTohaO70Fdf988baRjmEhLl6pIyrh0MsLCWM6/6F+mvGdQ+qlnTfdLLmVlZFvnk7NQdl2z5jyml9XKfT/jyrOPsuV5VKynWTp9eMn7qE2xBGULahEW0IveK4er6x0NeuqgbFrIjrXpSR615T+U4jP6swyE49OtdNr1tnO/23/klfplLdU8WMID8rOcVM7aSvt9myIhcnO0JGKMVAQAtK/HaUPGFh80fOum78qo0rI0kJH9F09v1eVXnCtk+5Ta8R5XTr53Hr45+u06DYGokKnx0axgkCGWgcphcDJRRgwQ4LQDG9ODISh/UxZc9evvg8h9vGILiu7gCuo7A+T6U8+2rCikowwWdHipcEWF+stGF6+VFEGBaMkGLD9BLJyd+x9nT1xOYmHaozhhuSmaQbpcuKpnxOm3RQ0ixrZ7s8mJVZpe8rmTXpZMNNq2+f4VvuzOf34xumkW9ewjqzSX/jbTaEjPpevdzkb5p8GVOH/jglO2Mq47Im6a60OleqJEzSeRbijN/bZgp5WdUca5Qv9AxRTGM/f95+3vp9Lt9s04abJt+yIGTa2cuM6Twt5JWaPxnl6986l2f/NhpByI/os2fav7Fy3YaKsJSwmsWmlJeu15wNZbG3fv2q/kkdTugrf8zxm0bfpo9ptG86m6NRqhyiZCrV25R6zXkMmkx0nFqGXBe5TrXNdZn3O6e2v+V6hRuaIOr/uG5pZLqhObvmzCi32Awhv9zpWpVzdWq/pR052+nxq0ztjCrvGfuXU9Mpz14t6WD/QpgVNdd5yiHXnJ0Vbiqug7G+JLpXwX0BLqGs/jajzJazl+89bxs/16W4btXZ8tT8Nx2WlSA/O2M4SREBgTGimF5IPCFCByMAYb2rnr89qxt9FcrJMMVq0n3FiZ29XJhtpT6LJBDAj6gbpmBXGnvFdaD67V9x4MZ1RaL47HihxRB2KLBBFNNrBAsqaDHBB4rpJdJ6tpTO+oyfS5rn2a/lU/nc2ZwS5f9gfU06+rxQpvg/SbdRn15z+p9Rkk4ZWfv/+vqlap5W1F1zQs9PTvmt1VhTezNXkzt7fitqCPkRdQZj5fly6tTt29XFty7nY9h1Bdoxyq9yU5+9BH2drX0WZwqOXD19s/Gr+HXaV9BfJjfEqfi4bptyekcae6KYdn+cWdFs2DXnO6RT+ePOGjP4eFsatyt1F6ZNl3Rec6KD5ooBAkipgXy2+p6ctHFq9KdZ0YsGPjsllOECJYuOYnq54AMYCPABiBqml+h7laTTNj7p+H32VPHL2ZP3mXqqSccNebKrB54k92fzM0e5BiNxekaui1wncRjFT79j1fol5Of0JYktcVpb+ay1o2LlDUH+js3c3zhVY8mbPSLkR5Rlmqvj7yfhm9M1Fu98k8UoDQR5q9pW7pXHjazTk8b3klbWNPlWteW69r1a1YcgZdI919HoPmeFTFnjb6nxv3yzSrourqso79RsrFTChrCMqIyhuS0rIhKBkJ+dM14S6LgMEMX0knkCiBB8iGIN00u0UiTkGWeQq8pZHbMM+0McyGeaDVYV/YbCFtZmVlHazPrz1MyTHpkQCwhZq/xZDVmb7iiN307Jc1a+0emGTbrJG5KrxmnWws7ktpDO15PVcHnVNTqsOE96MFePylesb286e9U1uxn7izV2xhiMPmXG/RLJd03N3ilhpRxY9KCHBF7QAIfpVUAFD/QBRY43+CGRSBhu/ZSVojK/6YoIRkEAPyIdT02XT1NUKv1eZdMhCoTS4KwN61b/gYhgEQTws7MTZ3gBCxXSML3+iIEhyh1uaCqJ4tCsLNaYxY+qGBY+on7KT65Ye95mrfAnN/+qYZWYGSSsYXpRwEUOBVzksAFDc/aTMBt8RKsNPRqnT1Cm2krCOJ+dMHZI4QECdugwvba44bWECZODYWtyhuByW7PkbzHErO33VKTs/Fj7jNPPb4S5gvyIfDrPfcwBTcjVwzjyt9DMQHJV4YsOWq1eVuSp5TqY+tZWxdNXsUGVR5hOkJ8dEvIo2bx4mMP0mkBJHSodsNAhG7qm6m9+2qtlPdfXGWetYVgAP6K5M9usfdtYH+1+uXnPCbGaAH52hqhJgQOeHSim1/qoVNVmRScLfHYicGXAR5QVophegeQgQQ1VCBDF9BJxNpsZziMrWhkxkvZNPpWQkcisuuYglDD5tGa4ccozCUV3Ex26q4djIOqJf029ZEnNnzJD0Xl8KnnFmaRy685WqpxOfiFGdf2twqfT7LEpSq7Upms+ebTLCpVWZVlL2hlSiVKrKsixYc8UrIm54rrWZHwGzemQv87YLEn9rc5cGTGJDyfvrDjs282C3rfKQR571Sr2+fImpmK7pBxd86zft06D5pSbKnp06qsK4sd10euKVThUUiG5emZIxefzhhOUyZiC0SHkZwcBI4T80MIZaJheTCxwc0AOS0Duf/9O0j0J4y0N4SPium3qtCPzP2XSLa9IWFOdpruVnPjsqNTwwWSC9IbpFWUGgyPEuAIO00vkLFVM0tHZ/j1rzkKGopv8qQ2ZEMNammUo+7TSQ+ysZY4dO8Sql1SyvxRvLBcEUb1LDcVv0sl1Kq6LzvT7efyXUQphGH6jHHavaozNdZv8GmWGJ6gjxwJBSzqmkMyIBGnSDGNDEIDAwAEDg5IxpV7tBxNAUAuUkSAkMacUMiIjIiIikqSkKGkMWrUWoVqE0dZF9XPeSGwSayGt/wNco/S9YaWoIHVVYiHaRWvzp2tTVHABQS80KHAqr+kjPBJVtnUfwjxJK23M2mw9YvP9x14bjumN3iukrVBrrj7MyKidr2CWVRsGSO0LiPvKK7t0ozAnFbB5I9EKYsN72erSOgMpa+O+hu9DFScpvqrfbBHN6fKAScRvxarGI9vvGmMtduGe57EMqrdLK4YCeQPs4K++4fIIFiRfEemZSstwb+OLiuvdBYk1TVcGMK9wbLb/uHcwrkMhHCg9gOwtxieJRN2cG8DpSbWEhy25BLYOfbsOZDLLGIS6W9UGx9t8+DksICe9k4As2oJEg5gT9/k4NTXjU79qEgvEVvi1w8opOWP3wIsCVGhExqvzpicMS/UFQI9HSpPzh/+bwvBTKQSiwTwHPZ3pORTtLIypLI4MGn8+rAWw0opoQcjMRv0eZEPt4I9B+fO0s9/HwmXXY13tvkgUEjxakXXaAw563aFH0vU7DyBdnFu9Fj5GAiRtrYk1l+ZEDOT9DAOU+ED5XACWoToEkXTxeRXNBY4eweZ4U7kdLE+0iQ5dAhIRWZI+0sqxUzbNYEbGVseNFbW+P8GCmiqiE5k/VNquY90TPoSo/ApW+RMqojP2n5xxtQASUdN0crZQf9x+hJMVvhz+byA9ADJpaZLmev5RKFsVkcjevcmYUrJ0n8hDAhVV3QbKqgHoBWXNLY4RbtFMU7lF8kMEe2sSNvu5bEJHm9VOTFoLagYcQJoEo24pa2439xwFadPXk6o4Sx3GqtGSxaOl7XXKRAsJFJdqCXzfZBTNXh+K/502/qRoIGEOol4zdjlwA71k8LJHhP0YFgJ1/bE1/KFT50f0x63Q1z/xrJmlerHtqraFlT/h5fMiGjl9bWcSyymN7N9bGtY9zUI/uq7dGgZYMFe/0cjsCpe1o/UosgmsoR1LsDOhGJbUhsRn4yPDAre91gl8/Zc6TIQLBDNKG5xK+YUDC2a4lHwdthQK+ZA5pdkG0zyzep9qcbGElusXj+BeVVXrpET0fSwcYrMkTQIhc+4IlDU8X4yEgTN7PVzWKNNMQpJO5ZoSTHskW0IMeFQ/FImscK3hHiGpThc3AtY9R4ZygQWuJApvBjiIaTu+8MmCNoeuPU3W4iZx3ipfN7H2c1F2z6AbQLP9Mwfx91fq9Sk5V8yLLMz+MWzKvaUdyodWpsGrOI99+IB5m91CH4JhBzkS+BrvGHZvcD+OY3lyWRBmWttS/ZOxiFXipwfauEVbDVdPyEKuLHuqHMTzKxvV0nqW0FNjcod3um8pGO71qvBA+qL6GF6b48Vyngy95tnduRcRjc7VYemacuIfjmpmpP9LAWP/lCe1qshkKUPBe0MlH3e7K+PcaaJBoL2ilXsHZ4W03/oMDWfqN9Vf6UTxahs75ZxfBQPhFUzP2zaR2vW9BUILGHj8gESSFNduQGt4iyhoBOkxgqPBwPFQlEdglKAQTC/pBWwPsTaxZ0nu3Cjxh65s59V1moB3yvKwCVI4l9ipA7KCNuu9hQ9bqumPl1LytbP3vAyi0Z/Nm2HTlqKXCBu+9ShyAqNHhQQ6rTZsYDfLqQgRAi9J1GaUvsgFEC9wswjhAk1O3aHsDqgRZ+0ogtPeM6//6wwwerp+p9mP1/bBa45pb6rUOrrn0ZhITCo+fA8xOfWCedhl4uQRQZYTzlBqRzHPjeIpgyI+B8kkQaAPieS1HvV2qxStdPYOxaNy3wDyZ5iFrpCai1cDsUl0UJUtYBtVeFWGX/Du8E3xjZxmTm/DcWtCTgmVM8urfvz8EiUjiCBGh/QGnna/2TixXw0V9c/0IyT610XbUfeZXJ7a6TAe45khQNFfwcgSIG6k4fbtAM9oqhHidi3sd2TF8MtEIGtATQxgESSrPbjHeXaGS1kR7lvV+HKZ/N5rbudFqsXmFmfC5wRXvijp/SjTC1LWWmTIUuDxEvEZKF6+mYPPbXstl8TDjmSF0KOsshjIfpoAdbepnrBsn6P0mRHrAefnOOCDEjMvtxpgckD3tGmU5M20q5I+NeEeTJrQ0ZtpJQON+wMUgjBKZOOxwRVNA9ETC4BirrZ3FZld6Kg8VJk4rU7MY1lFywSdfi4SvhGAGCOlwVDr/ZBGeCztx666+lJSTgneyXwZRG1x/WZhUqHUjSdMVT9KmSIiFNjrcw8O2QkZpSGBDhDAk+CQHCIzfhFx6HMFomRsXtE0licMcBTubP8k7hEberTUttCXH6AwsZPetgy6uGRb/1iEthOhIRJ9LDuT5IRSgoRNIuKo65uOQngKw+Q5FNYcNQyUbXMDUh9y2hlOahYThKnb9HCNA9lWPHczNsj02m7xJxBDdD4CmylPorAP20GU27t0/Oli1eGthdf7994Ce08R7tDRyTdmTL6s+R42/eV30GfEHNLOM26hBQgmQoMTGgNnU3Ky6Kg2WFKceJDiM2uF4I+K8icBil4f3K5zetQ9w+08jHwm0h5BsVkOgub9ZxhRoTQn+KV1fJB5TBGjW9W2o+vyzbaj21YowFAyv4yone+3Xw0xV13AvD9ozF+8fn2P+dDhCyslBTpOTrjAOn10/e8TMAIsr5CZ/edZXCXVNDW5VTdwrcWNbN6JmyPB+yLIFqvhJelHZsv0raERQZ7d/hLaFleAGTydQByBq+UTFnMt0Tdmd3Z58F3K0/D/RQCmAtsHfTfR485cC8ZJuJlrINPeQGzXsopqEMns+1S/E9EP4ysKFuNHGdIWUCmhwKIbff7mWULlkiav+IJskpG+NC2kARL+yxk7Q97rHz8r9gvq/vRQd9iFeqidSfWZoGQGTZIio4dj1SCERZAORwf6tNKmYSkrDJcUjKy9iGNr68k9k34ZF2oMk3dtC3Y+qsKzlRi+Lsz1Io/8r6vtgk79sjEeGxoJotqGCbmJqzyVUvzawMjrJZUCWW2zFG143weT0FcLeYW+PGaRmz6PsbuLL4O0aiEniORhE+0lw7QAuF0LitqL6GAZGr9vT4nPcmS6i79ECt1kNZFgMuweQLyysC6oLiyYziBZWSTyIyOYwdnDq4TDqF4uphnnlSRb3CmMnnXeGt9rGHx1IrqlE2nwKpjzsFtVX+7wO2JgS/c34+T+K+q1smYPZX1XCfhE2xxkUGf8ffw8jbBFfIa4BkqMS9xD+6MzUeVKKmsUAcmy1z0arulzbAvbtyc+RNIPL9MLMlb8eBoc7iGj7WfMOtzTz79mPOXD1iAwlampuIbcmJx7qzFsKc58qG1JfhtOmJEAlaUyTFWJ8+oZiiDVx0YhWLrJIgpE0UufHjO0u64QqqwGcJJeUKeF4z8iYAL0OB9Ca5GgOANWG4wtBUKbc8CY/d9B3QUKMr/pgKD8Kb5S4x4m/LVMw+c24JbyiefJ3rg5HXCKTfqtGUE+s7L+wvaduSkQDLT9R0u8gnXSF2fsGBsCiApxdP6MaBCdOegonnPfkG7pWKge72q0O9+7G0QF5wNvY3t5sUN6AYSWgtIP26sYg0c3W38WB5ZX/HKnhxaexLWKVy6fYnj3AiLvO6obHAXABI6ywAuYDRCMZnT7YwhteQQYtLDdzryRDXWNNxkufBFFy8ohiHT8koM/vHn4yTeIAZxjOKdJV/CXv4birEn9mgygoj6zR552EMKLzOP28W2rVw4Xn9T2syvB186oR1ODjAjwbDT3dJGSvIh3g3H3Igh/LUMjBFKa+1yNQwXA6D0M4cmfEj4OEWjjA/3ZCGGxZB/CEvX6M0OkiiJkAwq2xMp3+ximt/YaUVOSBkgivZWq2/NgY9AcombLBgAHJsgxstKwb7JxLsIki7qPszxBepAe89tLezKG1PYzd/JOPyIKKDijJn6njnX4KnOdNaZbuZBrqhzKVsFPmvgIVjvYmBpwFLVCZDGaC+9kUfFPEh0QD/tiZIAZ+wTCJINy4oIh02j1IA8i0lbuEQXajCeQMP/mtcK08UdxLAW9xejFjSs2WtIZy142gk3p2gZ6z6Zw5lI+JHWCP/fn/Ua8SK6NxAch8gSPI3RBGWO5rOkFow6sBbPdDtwWvcVnc7FQS0vrcprwQZuOI0NwwVyigSUC2JDJuLKyQ1xXT4G+89ZXedxEzAqZcyWSmlHErAusiQmzwrgJv6DOObKVeWTuH+5WD/I1MEuexcd04Z/UHO1Yee1/vPHwmEsNtGDPAgRYaAH0dIXGSllbPXuEi7aI5q/JNMw7ACOMYCgC/7jrDLjmHp7snOgs0NCyaAYawC06IvCO2gHhR2sHiD5RSKICeWrqyYe/K7FTkMZ6juGzl+mz/h5pI3B/CBfXRJrf6C0BQHhP9at2DOY0KjOAmrpg0ute2iSdgXP1ZMMBBbSIydanvyE0fUMdvyLaeaeOK8WTAjVAPuOUAuxXeK512smEP8meN7meSB/KcXOeGkQWiMnC3fVehETQa+6gXsSR85ufLwUcupQiUfIRKOyyY1/ltv+98iAQTWIApqmZmFgDcEWBRA0yvJN2PZSsIDBeCe1GRDSsRYzmyCAaP3k1kbDNaEGamghCuNtro/Iu4OcAlyTGno4R9KWSQSJ8hEAgUwKPbkCNo+5JkNJ948t6P/H6nGrhxtFMLrVZBngXn51C0mdDsKeg3rCupQUrMh/Vc6YftxCeYMsaDbousDR/EGST2EuXHhg52jQwidZSerUwOJcYdFrf9fXqk2Un1BSaC9o4+dzpTVjXS80Y60vWC4Xf3/NOE87be5GDRdaG5Srpq+3jQQMQUWlKjy+I596Ej80BQ6A4NZrMXN+n4WuwrCBUsRaL0TsqxwmZpprSTbxmFfbJAESxXITfUZA0UQ8VbuOUXW2EcgmeCwamh+iyeZZat+88TZ6082SUw1tdQYFlwzdVz7a5ZWjViRDamailGcwHzSs72cINFTdOP7e2xRn6C6xbNIzw975ZV7Pi5zyjtnsfOMpGyhcYaZxgiYexKw=="
"3LwUBx0NoWSS26bzAUPe2IIgNua9FnHhvJG8kXNT88E="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.15", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (a)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION", "Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bosnia and Herzegovina,", "Brunei Darussalam, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Comoros,", "Costa Rica, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt,", "El Salvador, Gabon, Guatemala, Iran (Islamic Republic of),", "Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Nicaragua,", "Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Sierra Leone,", "Singapore, Thailand and United Arab Emirates: draft", "resolution", "Universal realization of the right of peoples", "to self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the importance, for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights, of the universal realization of the right of peoples to self‑determination enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and embodied in the International Covenants on Human Rights, 1/ as well as in the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960,", "Welcoming the progressive exercise of the right to self-determination by peoples under colonial, foreign or alien occupation and their emergence into sovereign statehood and independence,", "Deeply concerned at the continuation of acts or threats of foreign military intervention and occupation that are threatening to suppress, or have already suppressed, the right to self-determination of an increasing number of sovereign peoples and nations,", "__________", "1/ Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "93-60658 (E) 041193 /...", "Expressing grave concern that, as a consequence of the persistence of such actions, millions of people have been and are being uprooted from their homes as refugees and displaced persons, and emphasizing the urgent need for concerted international action to alleviate their condition,", "Recalling the relevant resolutions regarding the violation of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights as a result of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, adopted by the Commission on Human Rights at its thirty-sixth, 2/ thirty-seventh, 3/ thirty-eighth, 4/ thirty-ninth, 5/ fortieth, 6/ forty-first, 7/ forty-second, 8/ forty-third, 9/ forty-fourth, 10/ forty-fifth, 11/ forty‑sixth, 12/ forty‑seventh, 13/ forty‑eighth, 14/ and forty-ninth 15/ sessions,", "__________", "2/ See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1980, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/1980/13 and Corr.1), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "3/ Ibid., 1981, Supplement No. 5 and corrigendum (E/1981/25 and Corr.1), chap. XXVIII, sect. A.", "4/ Ibid., 1982, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1982/12 and Corr.1), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "5/ Ibid., 1983, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/1983/13 and Corr.1), chap. XXVII, sect. A.", "6/ Ibid., 1984, Supplement No. 4 and corrigendum (E/1984/14 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "7/ Ibid., 1985, Supplement No. 2 (E/1985/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "8/ Ibid., 1986, Supplement No. 2 (E/1986/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "9/ Ibid., 1987, Supplement No. 5 and corrigenda (E/1987/18 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "10/ Ibid., 1988, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1988/12 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "11/ Ibid., 1989, Supplement No. 2 (E/1989/20), chap. II, sect. A.", "12/ Ibid., 1990, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1990/22 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "13/ Ibid., 1991, Supplement No. 2 (E/1991/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "14/ Ibid., 1992, Supplement No. 2 (E/1992/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "15/ Ibid., 1993, Supplement No. 2 (E/1993/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "Reaffirming its resolutions 35/35 B of 14 November 1980, 36/10 of 28 October 1981, 37/42 of 3 December 1982, 38/16 of 22 November 1983, 39/18 of 23 November 1984, 40/24 of 29 November 1985, 41/100 of 4 December 1986, 42/94 of 7 December 1987, 43/105 of 8 December 1988, 44/80 of 8 December 1989, 45/131 of 14 December 1990, 46/88 of 16 December 1991 and 47/83 of 16 December 1992,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,", "1. Reaffirms that the universal realization of the right of all peoples, including those under colonial, foreign and alien domination, to self‑determination is a fundamental condition for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights and for the preservation and promotion of such rights;", "2. Declares its firm opposition to acts of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, since these have resulted in the suppression of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights in certain parts of the world;", "3. Calls upon those States responsible to cease immediately their military intervention in and occupation of foreign countries and territories and all acts of repression, discrimination, exploitation and maltreatment, particularly the brutal and inhuman methods reportedly employed for the execution of these acts against the peoples concerned;", "4. Deplores the plight of the millions of refugees and displaced persons who have been uprooted as a result of the aforementioned acts, and reaffirms their right to return to their homes voluntarily in safety and honour;", "5. Requests the Commission on Human Rights to continue to give special attention to the violation of human rights, especially the right to self‑determination, resulting from foreign military intervention, aggression or occupation;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to report on this issue to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination\".", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.3/48/L.15", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "TROISIEME COMMISSION", "Point 108 a) du l'ordre du jour", "DROIT DES PEUPLES A L'AUTODETERMINATION", "Afghanistan, Azerbaïdjan, Bahreïn, Bosnie‑Herzégovine, Brunéi", "Darussalam, Cap‑Vert, Chili, Colombie, Comores, Costa Rica,", "Djibouti, Egypte, El Salvador, Emirats arabes unis, Equateur,", "Gabon, Guatemala, Iran (République islamique d'), Jordanie,", "Koweït, Malaisie, Maroc, Mauritanie, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan,", "Papouasie‑Nouvelle‑Guinée, Qatar, République dominicaine, Sierra", "Leone, Singapour et Thaïlande : projet de résolution", "Réalisation universelle du droit des peuples à l'autodétermination", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Réaffirmant l'importance, pour la garantie et l'observation effectives des droits de l'homme, de la réalisation universelle du droit des peuples à l'autodétermination consacré dans la Charte des Nations Unies et énoncé dans les Pactes internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme[1], ainsi que dans la Déclaration sur l'octroi de l'indépendance aux pays et aux peuples coloniaux, contenue dans sa résolution 1514 (XV) du 14 décembre 1960,", "Se félicitant de voir les peuples soumis à la domination coloniale, étrangère ou extérieure exercer progressivement leur droit à l'autodétermination et accéder au statut d'Etats souverains et à l'indépendance,", "Profondément préoccupée par la persistance d'actes ou de menaces d'intervention et d'occupation militaires étrangères qui menacent d'étouffer, ou ont déjà étouffé, le droit à l'autodétermination d'un nombre croissance de peuples et de nations souverains,", "Constatant avec une vice préoccupation qu'il résulte de la persistance de tels actes que des millions de personnes ont été ou sont arrachées à leurs foyers et se trouvent dans la situation de réfugiés et de personnes déplacées, et soulignant la nécessité urgente d'une action internationale concertée pour améliorer leur sort,", "Rappelant les résolutions pertinentes touchant la violation du droit des peuples à l'autodétermination et d'autres droits de l'homme consécutive à une intervention, une agression et une occupation militaires étrangères, adoptées par la Commission des droits de l'homme à ses trente‑sixième[2], trente‑septième[3], trente‑huitième[4], trente‑neuvième[5], quarantième[6], quarante et unième[7], quarante‑deuxième[8], quarante-troisième[9], quarante‑quatrième[10], quarante‑cinquième[11], quarante‑sixième[12], quarante-septième[13], quarante‑huitième[14] et quarante‑neuvième sessions[15],", "Réaffirmant ses résolutions 35/35 B du 14 novembre 1980, 36/10 du 28 octobre 1981, 37/42 du 3 décembre 1982, 38/16 du 22 novembre 1983, 39/18 du 23 novembre 1984, 40/24 du 29 novembre 1985, 41/100 du 4 décembre 1986, 42/94 du 7 décembre 1987, 43/105 du 8 décembre 1988, 44/80 du 8 décembre 1989, 45/131 du 14 décembre 1990, 46/88 du 16 décembre 1991 et 47/83 du 16 décembre 1992,", "Prenant acte du rapport du Secrétaire général,", "1. Réaffirme que la réalisation universelle du droit à l'autodétermination de tous les peuples, y compris ceux qui sont soumis à la domination coloniale, étrangère ou extérieure, est une condition essentielle pour la garantie et l'observation effectives des droits de l'homme et pour la préservation et le renforcement de ces droits;", "2. Déclare sa ferme opposition aux actes d'intervention, d'agression et d'occupation militaires étrangères dont résulte la suppression du droit des peuples à l'autodétermination et d'autres droits de l'homme dans certaines régions du monde;", "3. Demande aux Etats responsables de ces actes de mettre fin immédiatement à leur intervention et à leur occupation militaires de pays et de territoires étrangers, ainsi qu'à tous actes de répression, de discrimination et d'exploitation et à tous mauvais traitements, en particulier l'application de méthodes brutales et inhumaines qui seraient employées dans l'exécution de ces actes contre les peuples visés;", "4. Déplore les souffrances des millions de réfugiés et de personnes déplacées qui ont été arrachés à leurs foyers du fait des actes susmentionnés et réaffirme leur droit de retourner chez eux de plein gré, dans la sécurité et dans l'honneur;", "5. Prie la Commission des droits de l'homme de continuer à prêter une attention particulière à la violation des droits de l'homme, notamment du droit à l'autodétermination, consécutive à une intervention, une agression ou une occupation militaires étrangères;", "6. Prie le Secrétaire général de lui faire rapport à ce sujet, lors de sa quarante-neuvième session, au titre de la question intitulée \"Droit des peuples à l'autodétermination\".", "Notes", "[1] Résolution 22 A (XX), annexe.", "[2] Voir Documents officiels du Conseil économique et social, Supplément No 3 et rectificatifs (E/1980/13 et Corr.1 et 2), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "[3] Ibid., 1981, Supplément No 5 et rectificatif (E/1981/25 et Corr.1), chap. XXVIII, sect. A.", "[4] Ibid., 1982, Supplément No 2 et rectificatif (E/1982/12 et Corr.1), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "[5] Ibid., 1983, Supplément No 3 et rectificatif (E/1983/13 et Corr.1), chap. XXVII, sect. A.", "[6] Ibid., Supplément No 4 et rectificatif (E/1984/14 et Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "[7] Ibid., 1985, Supplément No 2 (E/1985/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[8] Ibid., 1986, Supplément No 2 (E/1986/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[9] Ibid., 1987, Supplément No 5 et rectificatifs (E/1987/18 et Corr.1 et 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "[10] Ibid., 1988, Supplément No 2 et rectificatif (E/1988/12 et Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "[11] Ibid., 1989, Supplément No 2 (E/1989/20), chap. II, sect. A.", "[12] Ibid., 1990, Supplément No 2 et rectificatifs (E/1990/22 et Corr.1 et 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "[13] Ibid., 1991, Supplément No 2 (E/1991/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[14] Ibid., 1992, Supplément No 2 (E/1992/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[15] Ibid., 1993, Supplément No 2 (E/1992/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.15", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (a)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION", "Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bosnia and Herzegovina,", "Brunei Darussalam, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Comoros,", "Costa Rica, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt,", "El Salvador, Gabon, Guatemala, Iran (Islamic Republic of),", "Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Nicaragua,", "Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Sierra Leone,", "Singapore, Thailand and United Arab Emirates: draft", "resolution", "Universal realization of the right of peoples", "to self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the importance, for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights, of the universal realization of the right of peoples to self‑determination enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and embodied in the International Covenants on Human Rights, 1/ as well as in the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960,", "Welcoming the progressive exercise of the right to self-determination by peoples under colonial, foreign or alien occupation and their emergence into sovereign statehood and independence,", "Deeply concerned at the continuation of acts or threats of foreign military intervention and occupation that are threatening to suppress, or have already suppressed, the right to self-determination of an increasing number of sovereign peoples and nations,", "__________", "1/ Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "93-60658 (E) 041193 /...", "Expressing grave concern that, as a consequence of the persistence of such actions, millions of people have been and are being uprooted from their homes as refugees and displaced persons, and emphasizing the urgent need for concerted international action to alleviate their condition,", "Recalling the relevant resolutions regarding the violation of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights as a result of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, adopted by the Commission on Human Rights at its thirty-sixth, 2/ thirty-seventh, 3/ thirty-eighth, 4/ thirty-ninth, 5/ fortieth, 6/ forty-first, 7/ forty-second, 8/ forty-third, 9/ forty-fourth, 10/ forty-fifth, 11/ forty‑sixth, 12/ forty‑seventh, 13/ forty‑eighth, 14/ and forty-ninth 15/ sessions,", "__________", "2/ See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1980, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/1980/13 and Corr.1), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "3/ Ibid., 1981, Supplement No. 5 and corrigendum (E/1981/25 and Corr.1), chap. XXVIII, sect. A.", "4/ Ibid., 1982, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1982/12 and Corr.1), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "5/ Ibid., 1983, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/1983/13 and Corr.1), chap. XXVII, sect. A.", "6/ Ibid., 1984, Supplement No. 4 and corrigendum (E/1984/14 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "7/ Ibid., 1985, Supplement No. 2 (E/1985/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "8/ Ibid., 1986, Supplement No. 2 (E/1986/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "9/ Ibid., 1987, Supplement No. 5 and corrigenda (E/1987/18 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "10/ Ibid., 1988, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1988/12 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "11/ Ibid., 1989, Supplement No. 2 (E/1989/20), chap. II, sect. A.", "12/ Ibid., 1990, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1990/22 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "13/ Ibid., 1991, Supplement No. 2 (E/1991/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "14/ Ibid., 1992, Supplement No. 2 (E/1992/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "15/ Ibid., 1993, Supplement No. 2 (E/1993/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "Reaffirming its resolutions 35/35 B of 14 November 1980, 36/10 of 28 October 1981, 37/42 of 3 December 1982, 38/16 of 22 November 1983, 39/18 of 23 November 1984, 40/24 of 29 November 1985, 41/100 of 4 December 1986, 42/94 of 7 December 1987, 43/105 of 8 December 1988, 44/80 of 8 December 1989, 45/131 of 14 December 1990, 46/88 of 16 December 1991 and 47/83 of 16 December 1992,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,", "1. Reaffirms that the universal realization of the right of all peoples, including those under colonial, foreign and alien domination, to self‑determination is a fundamental condition for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights and for the preservation and promotion of such rights;", "2. Declares its firm opposition to acts of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, since these have resulted in the suppression of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights in certain parts of the world;", "3. Calls upon those States responsible to cease immediately their military intervention in and occupation of foreign countries and territories and all acts of repression, discrimination, exploitation and maltreatment, particularly the brutal and inhuman methods reportedly employed for the execution of these acts against the peoples concerned;", "4. Deplores the plight of the millions of refugees and displaced persons who have been uprooted as a result of the aforementioned acts, and reaffirms their right to return to their homes voluntarily in safety and honour;", "5. Requests the Commission on Human Rights to continue to give special attention to the violation of human rights, especially the right to self‑determination, resulting from foreign military intervention, aggression or occupation;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to report on this issue to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination\".", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.15", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (a)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION", "Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei", "Brunei, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica,", "Djibouti, Egypt, El Salvador, United Arab Emirates, Ecuador,", "Gabon, Guatemala, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Jordan,", "Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan,", "Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Dominican Republic, Sierra", "Leone, Singapore and Thailand: draft resolution", "Universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the importance, for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights, of the universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and contained in the International Covenants on Human Rights,[1] as well as in the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960,", "Welcoming the progressive exercise by peoples under colonial, foreign or external domination of their right to self-determination and the accession to sovereign status and independence,", "Deeply concerned at the persistence of foreign military acts or threats of intervention and occupation that threaten to stifle, or have already stifled, the right to self-determination of a growing number of sovereign peoples and nations,", "Noting with concern that the persistence of such acts has resulted in millions of people being or being torn from their homes and in the situation of refugees and displaced persons, and stressing the urgent need for concerted international action to improve their plight,", "Recalling the relevant resolutions concerning the violation of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights resulting from foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation adopted by the Commission on Human Rights at its thirty-sixth[2], thirty-seventh[3], thirty-eighth[4], thirty-ninth[5], fortieth[6], forty-first[7], forty-second[8], forty-third[9], forty-fourth[10], forty-fifth[11], forty-sixth[12], forty-seventh[13], forty-eighth[14] and forty-ninth sessions[15],", "Reaffirming its resolutions 35/35 B of 14 November 1980, 36/10 of 28 October 1981, 37/42 of 3 December 1982, 38/16 of 22 November 1983, 39/18 of 23 November 1984, 40/24 of 29 November 1985, 41/100 of 4 December 1986, 42/94 of 7 December 1987, 43/105 of 8 December 1988, 44/80 of 8 December 1989, 45/131 of 14 December 1990, 46/88 of 16 December 1991 and 47/83 of 16 December 1992,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,", "1.Reaffirms that the universal realization of the right to self-determination of all peoples, including those under colonial, foreign and alien domination, is an essential condition for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights and for the preservation and strengthening of those rights;", "2.Expresses its strong opposition to acts of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation resulting in the suppression of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights in certain regions of the world;", "3.Calls upon the States responsible for these acts to put an immediate end to their military intervention and occupation of foreign countries and territories, as well as to all acts of repression, discrimination and exploitation and all ill-treatment, in particular the use of brutal and inhumane methods to carry out these acts against the peoples concerned;", "4.Deplores the suffering of the millions of refugees and displaced persons who have been torn from their homes as a result of the above-mentioned acts and reaffirms their right to return voluntarily, in safety and honour;", "5.Requests the Commission on Human Rights to continue to pay particular attention to the violation of human rights, including the right to self-determination, as a result of foreign military intervention, aggression or occupation;", "6.Requests the Secretary-General to report on this subject to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination\".", "Notes", "[1] Resolution 22 A (XX), annex.", "[2] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, Supplement No. 3 and corrigenda (E/1980/13 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "[3] Ibid., 1981, Supplement No. 5 and corrigendum (E/1981/25 and Corr.1), chap. XXVIII, sect. A.", "[4] Ibid., 1982, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1982/12 and Corr.1), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "[5] Ibid., 1983, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/1983/13 and Corr.1), chap. XXVII, sect. A.", "[6] Ibid., Supplement No. 4 and corrigendum (E/1984/14 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "[7] Ibid., 1985, Supplement No. 2 (E/1985/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[8] Ibid., 1986, Supplement No. 2 (E/1986/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[9] Ibid., 1987, Supplement No. 5 and corrigenda (E/1987/18 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "[10] Ibid., 1988, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1988/12 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "[11] Ibid., 1989, Supplement No. 2 (E/1989/20), chap. II, sect. A.", "[12] Ibid., 1990, Supplement No. 2 and corrigenda (E/1990/22 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "[13] Ibid., 1991, Supplement No. 2 (E/1991/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[14] Ibid., 1992, Supplement No. 2 (E/1992/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[15] Ibid., 1993, Supplement No. 2 (E/1992/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "-----" ]	"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"
"B2tjVVApeEZBi8BJdwxB3VWsrF+PeVSVvo4FukxUfbA="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.15", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (a)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION", "Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bosnia and Herzegovina,", "Brunei Darussalam, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Comoros,", "Costa Rica, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt,", "El Salvador, Gabon, Guatemala, Iran (Islamic Republic of),", "Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Nicaragua,", "Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Sierra Leone,", "Singapore, Thailand and United Arab Emirates: draft", "resolution", "Universal realization of the right of peoples", "to self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the importance, for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights, of the universal realization of the right of peoples to self‑determination enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and embodied in the International Covenants on Human Rights, 1/ as well as in the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960,", "Welcoming the progressive exercise of the right to self-determination by peoples under colonial, foreign or alien occupation and their emergence into sovereign statehood and independence,", "Deeply concerned at the continuation of acts or threats of foreign military intervention and occupation that are threatening to suppress, or have already suppressed, the right to self-determination of an increasing number of sovereign peoples and nations,", "__________", "1/ Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "93-60658 (E) 041193 /...", "Expressing grave concern that, as a consequence of the persistence of such actions, millions of people have been and are being uprooted from their homes as refugees and displaced persons, and emphasizing the urgent need for concerted international action to alleviate their condition,", "Recalling the relevant resolutions regarding the violation of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights as a result of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, adopted by the Commission on Human Rights at its thirty-sixth, 2/ thirty-seventh, 3/ thirty-eighth, 4/ thirty-ninth, 5/ fortieth, 6/ forty-first, 7/ forty-second, 8/ forty-third, 9/ forty-fourth, 10/ forty-fifth, 11/ forty‑sixth, 12/ forty‑seventh, 13/ forty‑eighth, 14/ and forty-ninth 15/ sessions,", "__________", "2/ See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1980, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/1980/13 and Corr.1), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "3/ Ibid., 1981, Supplement No. 5 and corrigendum (E/1981/25 and Corr.1), chap. XXVIII, sect. A.", "4/ Ibid., 1982, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1982/12 and Corr.1), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "5/ Ibid., 1983, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/1983/13 and Corr.1), chap. XXVII, sect. A.", "6/ Ibid., 1984, Supplement No. 4 and corrigendum (E/1984/14 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "7/ Ibid., 1985, Supplement No. 2 (E/1985/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "8/ Ibid., 1986, Supplement No. 2 (E/1986/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "9/ Ibid., 1987, Supplement No. 5 and corrigenda (E/1987/18 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "10/ Ibid., 1988, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1988/12 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "11/ Ibid., 1989, Supplement No. 2 (E/1989/20), chap. II, sect. A.", "12/ Ibid., 1990, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1990/22 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "13/ Ibid., 1991, Supplement No. 2 (E/1991/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "14/ Ibid., 1992, Supplement No. 2 (E/1992/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "15/ Ibid., 1993, Supplement No. 2 (E/1993/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "Reaffirming its resolutions 35/35 B of 14 November 1980, 36/10 of 28 October 1981, 37/42 of 3 December 1982, 38/16 of 22 November 1983, 39/18 of 23 November 1984, 40/24 of 29 November 1985, 41/100 of 4 December 1986, 42/94 of 7 December 1987, 43/105 of 8 December 1988, 44/80 of 8 December 1989, 45/131 of 14 December 1990, 46/88 of 16 December 1991 and 47/83 of 16 December 1992,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,", "1. Reaffirms that the universal realization of the right of all peoples, including those under colonial, foreign and alien domination, to self‑determination is a fundamental condition for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights and for the preservation and promotion of such rights;", "2. Declares its firm opposition to acts of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, since these have resulted in the suppression of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights in certain parts of the world;", "3. Calls upon those States responsible to cease immediately their military intervention in and occupation of foreign countries and territories and all acts of repression, discrimination, exploitation and maltreatment, particularly the brutal and inhuman methods reportedly employed for the execution of these acts against the peoples concerned;", "4. Deplores the plight of the millions of refugees and displaced persons who have been uprooted as a result of the aforementioned acts, and reaffirms their right to return to their homes voluntarily in safety and honour;", "5. Requests the Commission on Human Rights to continue to give special attention to the violation of human rights, especially the right to self‑determination, resulting from foreign military intervention, aggression or occupation;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to report on this issue to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination\".", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.3/48/L.15", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "TERCERA COMISION", "Tema 108 a) del programa", "DERECHO DE LOS PUEBLOS A LA LIBRE DETERMINACION", "Afganistán, Azerbaiyán, Bahrein, Bosnia y Herzegovina, Brunei Darussalam, Cabo Verde, Colombia, Comoras, Costa Rica, Chile, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egipto, El Salvador, Emiratos Arabes Unidos, Gabón, Guatemala, Irán (República Islámica del), Jordania, Kuwait, Malasia, Marruecos, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Omán, Pakistán, Papua Nueva Guinea, Qatar, República Dominicana, Sierra Leona, Singapur y", "Tailandia: proyecto de resolución", "Realización universal del derecho de los pueblos", "a la libre determinación", "La Asamblea General,", "Reafirmando la importancia que para la garantía y la observancia efectivas de los derechos humanos reviste la realización universal del derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación, consagrado en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas e incorporado en los Pactos internacionales de derechos humanos[1], así como en la Declaración sobre la concesión de la independencia a los países y pueblos coloniales, contenida en la resolución 1514 (XV) de la Asamblea General, de 14 de diciembre de 1960,", "Acogiendo con satisfacción el ejercicio progresivo del derecho a la libre determinación por los pueblos sometidos a la ocupación colonial, extranjera o foránea y su acceso a la condición de Estados soberanos e independientes,", "Profundamente preocupada por la persistencia de los actos o amenazas de ocupación e intervención militar extranjeras que amenazan con suprimir, o han suprimido ya, el derecho a la libre determinación de un número cada vez mayor de naciones y pueblos soberanos,", "Expresando profunda preocupación por el hecho de que, como consecuencia de la persistencia de esos actos, millones de personas hayan sido o sean obligadas a abandonar sus hogares, en calidad de refugiados y personas desplazadas, y destacando la urgente necesidad de adoptar medidas internacionales concertadas para aliviar su situación,", "Recordando las resoluciones pertinentes relativas a la violación del derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación y otros derechos humanos como resultado de la intervención militar, la agresión y la ocupación extranjeras, aprobadas por la Comisión de Derechos Humanos en sus períodos de sesiones 36º[2], 37º[3], 38º[4], 39º[5], 40º[6], 41º[7], 42º[8], 43º[9], 44º[10], 45º[11], 46º[12], 47º[13], 48º[14] y 49º[15],", "Reafirmando sus resoluciones 35/35 B, de 14 de noviembre de 1980, 36/10, de 28 de octubre de 1981, 37/42, de 3 de diciembre de 1982, 38/16, de 22 de noviembre de 1983, 39/18, de 23 de noviembre de 1984, 40/24, de 29 de noviembre de 1985, 41/100, de 4 de diciembre de 1986, 42/94, de 7 de diciembre de 1987, 43/105, de 8 de diciembre de 1988, 44/80, de 8 de diciembre de 1989, 45/131, de 14 de diciembre de 1990, 46/88, 16 de diciembre de 1991 y 47/83, de 16 de diciembre de 1992,", "Tomando nota del informe del Secretario General,", "1. Reafirma que la realización universal del derecho de todos los pueblos a la libre determinación, incluidos los pueblos sometidos a dominación colonial, extranjera y foránea, es un requisito fundamental para la garantía y la observancia efectivas de los derechos humanos y para la preservación y la promoción de esos derechos;", "2. Declara su firme oposición a los actos de intervención militar, agresión y ocupación extranjeras, debido a que han dado por resultado la supresión del derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación y de otros derechos humanos en algunas partes del mundo;", "3. Exhorta a los Estados responsables de esos actos a que pongan fin inmediatamente a su intervención militar y su ocupación de países y territorios extranjeros, así como a todo acto de represión, discriminación, explotación y maltrato, en particular a los métodos brutales e inhumanos que, según se informa, se emplean en la ejecución de esos actos contra los pueblos afectados;", "4. Deplora la difícil situación de los millones de refugiados y personas desplazadas que han sido obligados a abandonar sus hogares como resultado de los actos mencionados, y reafirma que tienen el derecho a regresar voluntariamente a ellos con dignidad y en condiciones de seguridad;", "5. Pide a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos que siga prestando especial atención a la violación de los derechos humanos, especialmente del derecho a la libre determinación, resultante de la intervención militar, la agresión o la ocupación extranjeras;", "6. Pide al Secretario General que le informe sobre esta cuestión en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones en relación con el tema titulado \"Derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación\".", "-----", "[1] Resolución 2200 A (XXI), anexo.", "[2] Véase Documentos Oficiales del Consejo Económico y Social, 1980, Suplemento No. 3 y corrección (E/1980/13 y Corr.1), cap. XXVI, secc. A.", "[3] Ibíd., 1981, Suplemento No. 5 y corrección (E/1981/25 y Corr.1), cap. XXVIII, secc. A.", "[4] Ibíd., 1982, Suplemento No. 2 y corrección (E/1982/12 y Corr.1), cap. XXVI, secc. A.", "[5] Ibíd., 1983, Suplemento No. 3 y corrección (E/1983/13 y Corr.1), cap. XXVII, secc. A.", "[6] Ibíd., 1984, Suplemento No. 4 y corrección (E/1984/14 y Corr.1), cap. II, secc. A.", "[7] Ibíd., 1985, Suplemento No. 2 (E/1985/22), cap. II, secc. A.", "[8] Ibíd., 1986, Suplemento No. 2 (E/1986/22), cap. II, secc. A.", "[9] Ibíd., 1987, Suplemento No. 5 y correcciones (E/1987/18 y Corr.1 y 2), cap. II, secc. A.", "[10] Ibíd., 1988, Suplemento No. 2 y corrección (E/1988/12 y Corr.1), cap. II, secc. A.", "[11] Ibíd., 1989, Suplemento No. 2 (E/1989/20), cap. II, secc. A.", "[12] Ibíd., 1990, Suplemento No. 2 y corrección (E/1990/22 y Corr.1), cap. II, secc. A.", "[13] Ibíd., 1991, Suplemento No. 2 (E/1991/22), cap. II, secc. A.", "[14] Ibíd., 1992, Suplemento No. 2 (E/1992/22), cap. II, secc. A.", "[15] Ibíd., 1993, Suplemento No. 2 (E/1992/22), cap. II, secc. A." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.15", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (a)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION", "Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bosnia and Herzegovina,", "Brunei Darussalam, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Comoros,", "Costa Rica, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt,", "El Salvador, Gabon, Guatemala, Iran (Islamic Republic of),", "Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Nicaragua,", "Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Sierra Leone,", "Singapore, Thailand and United Arab Emirates: draft", "resolution", "Universal realization of the right of peoples", "to self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the importance, for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights, of the universal realization of the right of peoples to self‑determination enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and embodied in the International Covenants on Human Rights, 1/ as well as in the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960,", "Welcoming the progressive exercise of the right to self-determination by peoples under colonial, foreign or alien occupation and their emergence into sovereign statehood and independence,", "Deeply concerned at the continuation of acts or threats of foreign military intervention and occupation that are threatening to suppress, or have already suppressed, the right to self-determination of an increasing number of sovereign peoples and nations,", "__________", "1/ Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "93-60658 (E) 041193 /...", "Expressing grave concern that, as a consequence of the persistence of such actions, millions of people have been and are being uprooted from their homes as refugees and displaced persons, and emphasizing the urgent need for concerted international action to alleviate their condition,", "Recalling the relevant resolutions regarding the violation of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights as a result of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, adopted by the Commission on Human Rights at its thirty-sixth, 2/ thirty-seventh, 3/ thirty-eighth, 4/ thirty-ninth, 5/ fortieth, 6/ forty-first, 7/ forty-second, 8/ forty-third, 9/ forty-fourth, 10/ forty-fifth, 11/ forty‑sixth, 12/ forty‑seventh, 13/ forty‑eighth, 14/ and forty-ninth 15/ sessions,", "__________", "2/ See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1980, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/1980/13 and Corr.1), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "3/ Ibid., 1981, Supplement No. 5 and corrigendum (E/1981/25 and Corr.1), chap. XXVIII, sect. A.", "4/ Ibid., 1982, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1982/12 and Corr.1), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "5/ Ibid., 1983, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/1983/13 and Corr.1), chap. XXVII, sect. A.", "6/ Ibid., 1984, Supplement No. 4 and corrigendum (E/1984/14 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "7/ Ibid., 1985, Supplement No. 2 (E/1985/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "8/ Ibid., 1986, Supplement No. 2 (E/1986/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "9/ Ibid., 1987, Supplement No. 5 and corrigenda (E/1987/18 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "10/ Ibid., 1988, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1988/12 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "11/ Ibid., 1989, Supplement No. 2 (E/1989/20), chap. II, sect. A.", "12/ Ibid., 1990, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1990/22 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "13/ Ibid., 1991, Supplement No. 2 (E/1991/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "14/ Ibid., 1992, Supplement No. 2 (E/1992/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "15/ Ibid., 1993, Supplement No. 2 (E/1993/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "Reaffirming its resolutions 35/35 B of 14 November 1980, 36/10 of 28 October 1981, 37/42 of 3 December 1982, 38/16 of 22 November 1983, 39/18 of 23 November 1984, 40/24 of 29 November 1985, 41/100 of 4 December 1986, 42/94 of 7 December 1987, 43/105 of 8 December 1988, 44/80 of 8 December 1989, 45/131 of 14 December 1990, 46/88 of 16 December 1991 and 47/83 of 16 December 1992,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,", "1. Reaffirms that the universal realization of the right of all peoples, including those under colonial, foreign and alien domination, to self‑determination is a fundamental condition for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights and for the preservation and promotion of such rights;", "2. Declares its firm opposition to acts of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, since these have resulted in the suppression of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights in certain parts of the world;", "3. Calls upon those States responsible to cease immediately their military intervention in and occupation of foreign countries and territories and all acts of repression, discrimination, exploitation and maltreatment, particularly the brutal and inhuman methods reportedly employed for the execution of these acts against the peoples concerned;", "4. Deplores the plight of the millions of refugees and displaced persons who have been uprooted as a result of the aforementioned acts, and reaffirms their right to return to their homes voluntarily in safety and honour;", "5. Requests the Commission on Human Rights to continue to give special attention to the violation of human rights, especially the right to self‑determination, resulting from foreign military intervention, aggression or occupation;", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to report on this issue to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination\".", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.3 / 48 / L.15", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (a)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO FREE DETERMINATION", "Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei Darussalam, Cape Verde, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Chile, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Gabon, Guatemala, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, the Dominican Republic, Sierra Leone, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates, and", "Thailand: draft resolution", "Universal realization of the right of peoples", "to self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the importance for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights of the universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination, as enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and incorporated in the International Covenants on Human Rights [1], as well as in the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960,", "Welcoming the progressive exercise of the right to self-determination by peoples under colonial, foreign or foreign occupation and their access to sovereign and independent status,", "Deeply concerned at the persistence of acts or threats of foreign military occupation and intervention that threaten to suppress, or have already abolished, the right to self-determination of an increasing number of sovereign nations and peoples,", "Expressing deep concern that, as a result of the persistence of such acts, millions of people have been or are being forced to leave their homes as refugees and displaced persons, and stressing the urgent need for concerted international measures to alleviate their situation,", "Recalling the relevant resolutions on the violation of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights as a result of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, adopted by the Commission on Human Rights at its thirty-sixth [2], thirty-seventh [3], thirty-eighth [4], thirty-ninth [5], fortieth [6], forty-first [7], forty-second [8], forty-third [9], forty-fourth [10], forty-fifth [11], forty-sixth [12], forty-seventh [13], forty-eighth [14] and forty-ninth [15],", "Reaffirming its resolutions 35 / 35 B of 14 November 1980, 36 / 10 of 28 October 1981, 37 / 42 of 3 December 1982, 38 / 16 of 22 November 1983, 39 / 18 of 23 November 1984, 40 / 24 of 29 November 1985, 41 / 100 of 4 December 1986, 42 / 94 of 7 December 1987, 43 / 105 of 8 December 1988, 44 / 80 of 8 December 1989, 45 / 131 of 14 December 1990, 46 / 88 of 16 December 1991 and 16 December 1991,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,", "1.Reaffirms that the universal realization of the right of all peoples to self-determination, including peoples under colonial, foreign and foreign domination, is a fundamental requirement for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights and for the preservation and promotion of those rights;", "2.Declares its strong opposition to acts of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, as they have resulted in the suppression of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights in some parts of the world;", "3.Calls upon the States responsible for such acts to cease immediately their military intervention and occupation of foreign countries and territories, as well as any acts of repression, discrimination, exploitation and ill-treatment, in particular the brutal and inhuman methods that are reported to be used in the execution of such acts against the peoples concerned;", "4.Deplores the plight of the millions of refugees and displaced persons who have been forced to leave their homes as a result of the above-mentioned acts, and reaffirms that they have the right to return voluntarily to them in dignity and in safety;", "5.Requests the Commission on Human Rights to continue to pay special attention to the violation of human rights, especially the right to self-determination, resulting from foreign military intervention, aggression or occupation;", "6.Requests the Secretary-General to report on this question to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination.\"", "-----", "[1] Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[2] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1980, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E / 1980 / 13 and Corr.1), chap.XXVI, sect.A.", "[3] Ibid., 1981, Supplement No. 5 (A / 58 / 5).5 and corrigendum (E / 1981 / 25 and Corr.1), chap.XXVIII, sect.A.", "[4] Ibid., 1982, Supplement No. 5 (A / 57 / 5).2 and corrigendum (E / 1982 / 12 and Corr.1), chap.XXVI, sect.A.", "[5] Ibid., 1983, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E / 1983 / 13 and Corr.1), chap.XXVII, sect.A.", "[6] Ibid., 1984, Supplement No. 4 and corrigendum (E / 1984 / 14 and Corr.1), chap.II, sect.A.", "[7] Ibid., 1985, Supplement No. 5 (A / 57 / 5).2 (E / 1985 / 22), chap.II, sect.A.", "[8] Ibid., 1986, Supplement No. 5 (A / 59 / 5).2 (E / 1986 / 22), chap.II, sect.A.", "[9] Ibid., 1987, Supplement No. 5 and corrigenda (E / 1987 / 18 and Corr.1 and 2), chap.II, sect.A.", "[10] Ibid., 1988, Supplement No. 5 (A / 57 / 5).2 and corrigendum (E / 1988 / 12 and Corr.1), chap.II, sect.A.", "[11] Ibid., 1989, Supplement No. 5 (A / 57 / 5).2 (E / 1989 / 20), chap.II, sect.A.", "[12] Ibid., 1990, Supplement No. 5 (A / 90 / 5).2 and corrigendum (E / 1990 / 22 and Corr.1), chap.II, sect.A.", "[13] Ibid., 1991, Supplement No. 5 (A / 63 / 5).2 (E / 1991 / 22), chap.II, sect.A.", "[14] Ibid., 1992, Supplement No. 5 (A / 57 / 5).2 (E / 1992 / 22), chap.II, sect.A.", "[15] Ibid., 1993, Supplement No. 5 (A / 15 / 3).2 (E / 1992 / 22), chap.II, sect.A." 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"b4VA1IOxiA0kTzCBmiJjB8DTnicV+3KX/S6LlVl3orQ="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.3/48/L.15", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "TROISIEME COMMISSION", "Point 108 a) du l'ordre du jour", "DROIT DES PEUPLES A L'AUTODETERMINATION", "Afghanistan, Azerbaïdjan, Bahreïn, Bosnie‑Herzégovine, Brunéi", "Darussalam, Cap‑Vert, Chili, Colombie, Comores, Costa Rica,", "Djibouti, Egypte, El Salvador, Emirats arabes unis, Equateur,", "Gabon, Guatemala, Iran (République islamique d'), Jordanie,", "Koweït, Malaisie, Maroc, Mauritanie, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan,", "Papouasie‑Nouvelle‑Guinée, Qatar, République dominicaine, Sierra", "Leone, Singapour et Thaïlande : projet de résolution", "Réalisation universelle du droit des peuples à l'autodétermination", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Réaffirmant l'importance, pour la garantie et l'observation effectives des droits de l'homme, de la réalisation universelle du droit des peuples à l'autodétermination consacré dans la Charte des Nations Unies et énoncé dans les Pactes internationaux relatifs aux droits de l'homme[1], ainsi que dans la Déclaration sur l'octroi de l'indépendance aux pays et aux peuples coloniaux, contenue dans sa résolution 1514 (XV) du 14 décembre 1960,", "Se félicitant de voir les peuples soumis à la domination coloniale, étrangère ou extérieure exercer progressivement leur droit à l'autodétermination et accéder au statut d'Etats souverains et à l'indépendance,", "Profondément préoccupée par la persistance d'actes ou de menaces d'intervention et d'occupation militaires étrangères qui menacent d'étouffer, ou ont déjà étouffé, le droit à l'autodétermination d'un nombre croissance de peuples et de nations souverains,", "Constatant avec une vice préoccupation qu'il résulte de la persistance de tels actes que des millions de personnes ont été ou sont arrachées à leurs foyers et se trouvent dans la situation de réfugiés et de personnes déplacées, et soulignant la nécessité urgente d'une action internationale concertée pour améliorer leur sort,", "Rappelant les résolutions pertinentes touchant la violation du droit des peuples à l'autodétermination et d'autres droits de l'homme consécutive à une intervention, une agression et une occupation militaires étrangères, adoptées par la Commission des droits de l'homme à ses trente‑sixième[2], trente‑septième[3], trente‑huitième[4], trente‑neuvième[5], quarantième[6], quarante et unième[7], quarante‑deuxième[8], quarante-troisième[9], quarante‑quatrième[10], quarante‑cinquième[11], quarante‑sixième[12], quarante-septième[13], quarante‑huitième[14] et quarante‑neuvième sessions[15],", "Réaffirmant ses résolutions 35/35 B du 14 novembre 1980, 36/10 du 28 octobre 1981, 37/42 du 3 décembre 1982, 38/16 du 22 novembre 1983, 39/18 du 23 novembre 1984, 40/24 du 29 novembre 1985, 41/100 du 4 décembre 1986, 42/94 du 7 décembre 1987, 43/105 du 8 décembre 1988, 44/80 du 8 décembre 1989, 45/131 du 14 décembre 1990, 46/88 du 16 décembre 1991 et 47/83 du 16 décembre 1992,", "Prenant acte du rapport du Secrétaire général,", "1. Réaffirme que la réalisation universelle du droit à l'autodétermination de tous les peuples, y compris ceux qui sont soumis à la domination coloniale, étrangère ou extérieure, est une condition essentielle pour la garantie et l'observation effectives des droits de l'homme et pour la préservation et le renforcement de ces droits;", "2. Déclare sa ferme opposition aux actes d'intervention, d'agression et d'occupation militaires étrangères dont résulte la suppression du droit des peuples à l'autodétermination et d'autres droits de l'homme dans certaines régions du monde;", "3. Demande aux Etats responsables de ces actes de mettre fin immédiatement à leur intervention et à leur occupation militaires de pays et de territoires étrangers, ainsi qu'à tous actes de répression, de discrimination et d'exploitation et à tous mauvais traitements, en particulier l'application de méthodes brutales et inhumaines qui seraient employées dans l'exécution de ces actes contre les peuples visés;", "4. Déplore les souffrances des millions de réfugiés et de personnes déplacées qui ont été arrachés à leurs foyers du fait des actes susmentionnés et réaffirme leur droit de retourner chez eux de plein gré, dans la sécurité et dans l'honneur;", "5. Prie la Commission des droits de l'homme de continuer à prêter une attention particulière à la violation des droits de l'homme, notamment du droit à l'autodétermination, consécutive à une intervention, une agression ou une occupation militaires étrangères;", "6. Prie le Secrétaire général de lui faire rapport à ce sujet, lors de sa quarante-neuvième session, au titre de la question intitulée \"Droit des peuples à l'autodétermination\".", "Notes", "[1] Résolution 22 A (XX), annexe.", "[2] Voir Documents officiels du Conseil économique et social, Supplément No 3 et rectificatifs (E/1980/13 et Corr.1 et 2), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "[3] Ibid., 1981, Supplément No 5 et rectificatif (E/1981/25 et Corr.1), chap. XXVIII, sect. A.", "[4] Ibid., 1982, Supplément No 2 et rectificatif (E/1982/12 et Corr.1), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "[5] Ibid., 1983, Supplément No 3 et rectificatif (E/1983/13 et Corr.1), chap. XXVII, sect. A.", "[6] Ibid., Supplément No 4 et rectificatif (E/1984/14 et Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "[7] Ibid., 1985, Supplément No 2 (E/1985/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[8] Ibid., 1986, Supplément No 2 (E/1986/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[9] Ibid., 1987, Supplément No 5 et rectificatifs (E/1987/18 et Corr.1 et 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "[10] Ibid., 1988, Supplément No 2 et rectificatif (E/1988/12 et Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "[11] Ibid., 1989, Supplément No 2 (E/1989/20), chap. II, sect. A.", "[12] Ibid., 1990, Supplément No 2 et rectificatifs (E/1990/22 et Corr.1 et 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "[13] Ibid., 1991, Supplément No 2 (E/1991/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[14] Ibid., 1992, Supplément No 2 (E/1992/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[15] Ibid., 1993, Supplément No 2 (E/1992/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.3/48/L.15", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "TERCERA COMISION", "Tema 108 a) del programa", "DERECHO DE LOS PUEBLOS A LA LIBRE DETERMINACION", "Afganistán, Azerbaiyán, Bahrein, Bosnia y Herzegovina, Brunei Darussalam, Cabo Verde, Colombia, Comoras, Costa Rica, Chile, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egipto, El Salvador, Emiratos Arabes Unidos, Gabón, Guatemala, Irán (República Islámica del), Jordania, Kuwait, Malasia, Marruecos, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Omán, Pakistán, Papua Nueva Guinea, Qatar, República Dominicana, Sierra Leona, Singapur y", "Tailandia: proyecto de resolución", "Realización universal del derecho de los pueblos", "a la libre determinación", "La Asamblea General,", "Reafirmando la importancia que para la garantía y la observancia efectivas de los derechos humanos reviste la realización universal del derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación, consagrado en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas e incorporado en los Pactos internacionales de derechos humanos[1], así como en la Declaración sobre la concesión de la independencia a los países y pueblos coloniales, contenida en la resolución 1514 (XV) de la Asamblea General, de 14 de diciembre de 1960,", "Acogiendo con satisfacción el ejercicio progresivo del derecho a la libre determinación por los pueblos sometidos a la ocupación colonial, extranjera o foránea y su acceso a la condición de Estados soberanos e independientes,", "Profundamente preocupada por la persistencia de los actos o amenazas de ocupación e intervención militar extranjeras que amenazan con suprimir, o han suprimido ya, el derecho a la libre determinación de un número cada vez mayor de naciones y pueblos soberanos,", "Expresando profunda preocupación por el hecho de que, como consecuencia de la persistencia de esos actos, millones de personas hayan sido o sean obligadas a abandonar sus hogares, en calidad de refugiados y personas desplazadas, y destacando la urgente necesidad de adoptar medidas internacionales concertadas para aliviar su situación,", "Recordando las resoluciones pertinentes relativas a la violación del derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación y otros derechos humanos como resultado de la intervención militar, la agresión y la ocupación extranjeras, aprobadas por la Comisión de Derechos Humanos en sus períodos de sesiones 36º[2], 37º[3], 38º[4], 39º[5], 40º[6], 41º[7], 42º[8], 43º[9], 44º[10], 45º[11], 46º[12], 47º[13], 48º[14] y 49º[15],", "Reafirmando sus resoluciones 35/35 B, de 14 de noviembre de 1980, 36/10, de 28 de octubre de 1981, 37/42, de 3 de diciembre de 1982, 38/16, de 22 de noviembre de 1983, 39/18, de 23 de noviembre de 1984, 40/24, de 29 de noviembre de 1985, 41/100, de 4 de diciembre de 1986, 42/94, de 7 de diciembre de 1987, 43/105, de 8 de diciembre de 1988, 44/80, de 8 de diciembre de 1989, 45/131, de 14 de diciembre de 1990, 46/88, 16 de diciembre de 1991 y 47/83, de 16 de diciembre de 1992,", "Tomando nota del informe del Secretario General,", "1. Reafirma que la realización universal del derecho de todos los pueblos a la libre determinación, incluidos los pueblos sometidos a dominación colonial, extranjera y foránea, es un requisito fundamental para la garantía y la observancia efectivas de los derechos humanos y para la preservación y la promoción de esos derechos;", "2. Declara su firme oposición a los actos de intervención militar, agresión y ocupación extranjeras, debido a que han dado por resultado la supresión del derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación y de otros derechos humanos en algunas partes del mundo;", "3. Exhorta a los Estados responsables de esos actos a que pongan fin inmediatamente a su intervención militar y su ocupación de países y territorios extranjeros, así como a todo acto de represión, discriminación, explotación y maltrato, en particular a los métodos brutales e inhumanos que, según se informa, se emplean en la ejecución de esos actos contra los pueblos afectados;", "4. Deplora la difícil situación de los millones de refugiados y personas desplazadas que han sido obligados a abandonar sus hogares como resultado de los actos mencionados, y reafirma que tienen el derecho a regresar voluntariamente a ellos con dignidad y en condiciones de seguridad;", "5. Pide a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos que siga prestando especial atención a la violación de los derechos humanos, especialmente del derecho a la libre determinación, resultante de la intervención militar, la agresión o la ocupación extranjeras;", "6. Pide al Secretario General que le informe sobre esta cuestión en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones en relación con el tema titulado \"Derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación\".", "-----", "[1] Resolución 2200 A (XXI), anexo.", "[2] Véase Documentos Oficiales del Consejo Económico y Social, 1980, Suplemento No. 3 y corrección (E/1980/13 y Corr.1), cap. XXVI, secc. A.", "[3] Ibíd., 1981, Suplemento No. 5 y corrección (E/1981/25 y Corr.1), cap. XXVIII, secc. A.", "[4] Ibíd., 1982, Suplemento No. 2 y corrección (E/1982/12 y Corr.1), cap. XXVI, secc. A.", "[5] Ibíd., 1983, Suplemento No. 3 y corrección (E/1983/13 y Corr.1), cap. XXVII, secc. A.", "[6] Ibíd., 1984, Suplemento No. 4 y corrección (E/1984/14 y Corr.1), cap. II, secc. A.", "[7] Ibíd., 1985, Suplemento No. 2 (E/1985/22), cap. II, secc. A.", "[8] Ibíd., 1986, Suplemento No. 2 (E/1986/22), cap. II, secc. A.", "[9] Ibíd., 1987, Suplemento No. 5 y correcciones (E/1987/18 y Corr.1 y 2), cap. II, secc. A.", "[10] Ibíd., 1988, Suplemento No. 2 y corrección (E/1988/12 y Corr.1), cap. II, secc. A.", "[11] Ibíd., 1989, Suplemento No. 2 (E/1989/20), cap. II, secc. A.", "[12] Ibíd., 1990, Suplemento No. 2 y corrección (E/1990/22 y Corr.1), cap. II, secc. A.", "[13] Ibíd., 1991, Suplemento No. 2 (E/1991/22), cap. II, secc. A.", "[14] Ibíd., 1992, Suplemento No. 2 (E/1992/22), cap. II, secc. A.", "[15] Ibíd., 1993, Suplemento No. 2 (E/1992/22), cap. II, secc. A." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.15", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (a)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION", "Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei", "Brunei, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica,", "Djibouti, Egypt, El Salvador, United Arab Emirates, Ecuador,", "Gabon, Guatemala, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Jordan,", "Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan,", "Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Dominican Republic, Sierra", "Leone, Singapore and Thailand: draft resolution", "Universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the importance, for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights, of the universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and contained in the International Covenants on Human Rights,[1] as well as in the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960,", "Welcoming the progressive exercise by peoples under colonial, foreign or external domination of their right to self-determination and the accession to sovereign status and independence,", "Deeply concerned at the persistence of foreign military acts or threats of intervention and occupation that threaten to stifle, or have already stifled, the right to self-determination of a growing number of sovereign peoples and nations,", "Noting with concern that the persistence of such acts has resulted in millions of people being or being torn from their homes and in the situation of refugees and displaced persons, and stressing the urgent need for concerted international action to improve their plight,", "Recalling the relevant resolutions concerning the violation of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights resulting from foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation adopted by the Commission on Human Rights at its thirty-sixth[2], thirty-seventh[3], thirty-eighth[4], thirty-ninth[5], fortieth[6], forty-first[7], forty-second[8], forty-third[9], forty-fourth[10], forty-fifth[11], forty-sixth[12], forty-seventh[13], forty-eighth[14] and forty-ninth sessions[15],", "Reaffirming its resolutions 35/35 B of 14 November 1980, 36/10 of 28 October 1981, 37/42 of 3 December 1982, 38/16 of 22 November 1983, 39/18 of 23 November 1984, 40/24 of 29 November 1985, 41/100 of 4 December 1986, 42/94 of 7 December 1987, 43/105 of 8 December 1988, 44/80 of 8 December 1989, 45/131 of 14 December 1990, 46/88 of 16 December 1991 and 47/83 of 16 December 1992,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,", "1.Reaffirms that the universal realization of the right to self-determination of all peoples, including those under colonial, foreign and alien domination, is an essential condition for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights and for the preservation and strengthening of those rights;", "2.Expresses its strong opposition to acts of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation resulting in the suppression of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights in certain regions of the world;", "3.Calls upon the States responsible for these acts to put an immediate end to their military intervention and occupation of foreign countries and territories, as well as to all acts of repression, discrimination and exploitation and all ill-treatment, in particular the use of brutal and inhumane methods to carry out these acts against the peoples concerned;", "4.Deplores the suffering of the millions of refugees and displaced persons who have been torn from their homes as a result of the above-mentioned acts and reaffirms their right to return voluntarily, in safety and honour;", "5.Requests the Commission on Human Rights to continue to pay particular attention to the violation of human rights, including the right to self-determination, as a result of foreign military intervention, aggression or occupation;", "6.Requests the Secretary-General to report on this subject to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination\".", "Notes", "[1] Resolution 22 A (XX), annex.", "[2] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, Supplement No. 3 and corrigenda (E/1980/13 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "[3] Ibid., 1981, Supplement No. 5 and corrigendum (E/1981/25 and Corr.1), chap. XXVIII, sect. A.", "[4] Ibid., 1982, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1982/12 and Corr.1), chap. XXVI, sect. A.", "[5] Ibid., 1983, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/1983/13 and Corr.1), chap. XXVII, sect. A.", "[6] Ibid., Supplement No. 4 and corrigendum (E/1984/14 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "[7] Ibid., 1985, Supplement No. 2 (E/1985/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[8] Ibid., 1986, Supplement No. 2 (E/1986/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[9] Ibid., 1987, Supplement No. 5 and corrigenda (E/1987/18 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "[10] Ibid., 1988, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/1988/12 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A.", "[11] Ibid., 1989, Supplement No. 2 (E/1989/20), chap. II, sect. A.", "[12] Ibid., 1990, Supplement No. 2 and corrigenda (E/1990/22 and Corr.1 and 2), chap. II, sect. A.", "[13] Ibid., 1991, Supplement No. 2 (E/1991/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[14] Ibid., 1992, Supplement No. 2 (E/1992/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "[15] Ibid., 1993, Supplement No. 2 (E/1992/22), chap. II, sect. A.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.3 / 48 / L.15", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (a)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO FREE DETERMINATION", "Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei Darussalam, Cape Verde, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Chile, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Gabon, Guatemala, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, the Dominican Republic, Sierra Leone, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates, and", "Thailand: draft resolution", "Universal realization of the right of peoples", "to self-determination", "The General Assembly,", "Reaffirming the importance for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights of the universal realization of the right of peoples to self-determination, as enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and incorporated in the International Covenants on Human Rights [1], as well as in the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960,", "Welcoming the progressive exercise of the right to self-determination by peoples under colonial, foreign or foreign occupation and their access to sovereign and independent status,", "Deeply concerned at the persistence of acts or threats of foreign military occupation and intervention that threaten to suppress, or have already abolished, the right to self-determination of an increasing number of sovereign nations and peoples,", "Expressing deep concern that, as a result of the persistence of such acts, millions of people have been or are being forced to leave their homes as refugees and displaced persons, and stressing the urgent need for concerted international measures to alleviate their situation,", "Recalling the relevant resolutions on the violation of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights as a result of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, adopted by the Commission on Human Rights at its thirty-sixth [2], thirty-seventh [3], thirty-eighth [4], thirty-ninth [5], fortieth [6], forty-first [7], forty-second [8], forty-third [9], forty-fourth [10], forty-fifth [11], forty-sixth [12], forty-seventh [13], forty-eighth [14] and forty-ninth [15],", "Reaffirming its resolutions 35 / 35 B of 14 November 1980, 36 / 10 of 28 October 1981, 37 / 42 of 3 December 1982, 38 / 16 of 22 November 1983, 39 / 18 of 23 November 1984, 40 / 24 of 29 November 1985, 41 / 100 of 4 December 1986, 42 / 94 of 7 December 1987, 43 / 105 of 8 December 1988, 44 / 80 of 8 December 1989, 45 / 131 of 14 December 1990, 46 / 88 of 16 December 1991 and 16 December 1991,", "Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,", "1.Reaffirms that the universal realization of the right of all peoples to self-determination, including peoples under colonial, foreign and foreign domination, is a fundamental requirement for the effective guarantee and observance of human rights and for the preservation and promotion of those rights;", "2.Declares its strong opposition to acts of foreign military intervention, aggression and occupation, as they have resulted in the suppression of the right of peoples to self-determination and other human rights in some parts of the world;", "3.Calls upon the States responsible for such acts to cease immediately their military intervention and occupation of foreign countries and territories, as well as any acts of repression, discrimination, exploitation and ill-treatment, in particular the brutal and inhuman methods that are reported to be used in the execution of such acts against the peoples concerned;", "4.Deplores the plight of the millions of refugees and displaced persons who have been forced to leave their homes as a result of the above-mentioned acts, and reaffirms that they have the right to return voluntarily to them in dignity and in safety;", "5.Requests the Commission on Human Rights to continue to pay special attention to the violation of human rights, especially the right to self-determination, resulting from foreign military intervention, aggression or occupation;", "6.Requests the Secretary-General to report on this question to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination.\"", "-----", "[1] Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex.", "[2] See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1980, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E / 1980 / 13 and Corr.1), chap.XXVI, sect.A.", "[3] Ibid., 1981, Supplement No. 5 (A / 58 / 5).5 and corrigendum (E / 1981 / 25 and Corr.1), chap.XXVIII, sect.A.", "[4] Ibid., 1982, Supplement No. 5 (A / 57 / 5).2 and corrigendum (E / 1982 / 12 and Corr.1), chap.XXVI, sect.A.", "[5] Ibid., 1983, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E / 1983 / 13 and Corr.1), chap.XXVII, sect.A.", "[6] Ibid., 1984, Supplement No. 4 and corrigendum (E / 1984 / 14 and Corr.1), chap.II, sect.A.", "[7] Ibid., 1985, Supplement No. 5 (A / 57 / 5).2 (E / 1985 / 22), chap.II, sect.A.", "[8] Ibid., 1986, Supplement No. 5 (A / 59 / 5).2 (E / 1986 / 22), chap.II, sect.A.", "[9] Ibid., 1987, Supplement No. 5 and corrigenda (E / 1987 / 18 and Corr.1 and 2), chap.II, sect.A.", "[10] Ibid., 1988, Supplement No. 5 (A / 57 / 5).2 and corrigendum (E / 1988 / 12 and Corr.1), chap.II, sect.A.", "[11] Ibid., 1989, Supplement No. 5 (A / 57 / 5).2 (E / 1989 / 20), chap.II, sect.A.", "[12] Ibid., 1990, Supplement No. 5 (A / 90 / 5).2 and corrigendum (E / 1990 / 22 and Corr.1), chap.II, sect.A.", "[13] Ibid., 1991, Supplement No. 5 (A / 63 / 5).2 (E / 1991 / 22), chap.II, sect.A.", "[14] Ibid., 1992, Supplement No. 5 (A / 57 / 5).2 (E / 1992 / 22), chap.II, sect.A.", "[15] Ibid., 1993, Supplement No. 5 (A / 15 / 3).2 (E / 1992 / 22), chap.II, sect.A." ]	"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"
"Ican9hgJxvud21OJMBOi8wUUw5rg5Br4b6qqu8mOrro="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.16", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland,", "Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Sweden: draft resolution", "Report of the Committee on the Elimination of", "Racial Discrimination", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions concerning the reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and its resolutions on the status of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1/", "Reiterating the importance of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which is one of the most widely accepted human rights instruments adopted under the auspices of the United Nations,", "Aware of the importance of the contributions of the Committee to the efforts of the United Nations to combat racism and all other forms of discrimination based on race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin,", "Reiterating once again the need to intensify the struggle for the elimination of racism and racial discrimination throughout the world, especially its most brutal forms,", "Emphasizing the obligation of all States parties to the Convention to take legislative, judicial and other measures in order to secure full implementation of the provisions of the Convention,", "__________", "1/ Resolution 2106 A (XX), annex.", "93-60640 (E) 041193 /...", "Bearing in mind the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, 2/ adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, in particular part II, section B, relating to equality, dignity and tolerance,", "Calling upon States parties expeditiously to notify the Secretary-General in writing of their agreement to the amendment to the Convention regarding the financing of the Committee, as decided upon at the meeting of States parties on 15 January 1992 and set out in General Assembly resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992,", "Welcoming efforts of the Secretary-General to ensure interim financial arrangements for the financing of the expenses incurred by the Committee,", "Stressing the importance of enabling the Committee to function smoothly and to have all necessary facilities for the effective performance of its functions under the Convention,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee, 3/", "1. Commends the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination for its work with regard to the implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1/ and the Programme of Action for the Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination 4/ and its contribution to the preparation of a Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination;", "2. Welcomes the innovatory procedures adopted by the Committee for reviewing the implementation of the Convention in States whose reports are overdue and for formulating concluding observations on State party reports;", "3. Welcomes also the general recommendations adopted by the Committee which concretize the obligations of States parties with regard to the provisions of the Convention, especially General Recommendation XII (42) on successor States and General Recommendation XV (42) on article 4 of the Convention; 5/", "4. Encourages the Committee to continue to exert its efforts to enhance its contributions in the area of prevention of racial discrimination, including early warning and urgent procedures;", "5. Expresses its profound concern at the fact that a number of States parties to the Convention still have not fulfilled their financial obligations as shown in the report of the Secretary-General; 3/", "__________", "2/ A/CONF.157/23.", "3/ A/48/439.", "4/ Resolution 38/14, annex.", "5/ See A/48/18, chap. VIII.B.", "6. Remains fully aware of the fact that such a situation may lead to a further delay in the discharge of its substantive obligations by the Committee under the Convention;", "7. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Committee on the work of its forty-second and forty-third sessions; 6/", "8. Urges States parties to accelerate their domestic ratification procedures with regard to the amendment concerning the financing of the Committee;", "9. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure adequate financial arrangements and appropriate means to enable the functioning of the Committee;", "10. Calls upon States parties to fulfil their obligations under article 9, paragraph 1, of the Convention, to submit in due time their periodic reports on measures taken to implement the Convention and to pay their outstanding contributions and, if possible, their contributions for 1994 before 1 February 1994, so as to enable the Committee to meet regularly;", "11. Strongly appeals to all States parties, especially those in arrears, to fulfil their financial obligations under article 8, paragraph 6, of the Convention;", "12. Requests the Secretary-General to invite those States parties which are in arrears to pay the amounts in arrears, and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "13. Decides to consider at its forty-ninth session, under the item entitled \"Elimination of racism and racial discrimination\" the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee and the report of the Committee.", "-----", "__________", "6/ A/48/18." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/C.3/48/L.16", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "TROISIEME COMMISSION", "Point 107 de l'ordre du jour", "ELIMINATION DU RACISME ET DE LA DISCRIMINATION RACIALE", "Allemagne, Australie, Autriche, Bosnie‑Herzégovine, Bulgarie,", "Canada, Chypre, Danemark, Equateur, Finlande, Hongrie, Islande,", "Maroc, Norvège, Nouvelle‑Zélande, Pays‑Bas, Pologne, République", "tchèque, Roumanie, Slovaquie, Slovénie et Suède : projet de", "résolution", "Rapport du Comité pour l'élimination de la discrimination raciale", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Rappelant ses résolutions précédentes sur les rapports du Comité pour l'élimination de la discrimination raciale et ses résolutions relatives à l'état de la Convention internationale sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale[1],", "Réaffirmant l'importance de la Convention internationale sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale qui, de tous les instruments relatifs aux droits de l'homme adoptés sous les auspices de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, est l'un des plus largement acceptés,", "Consciente de l'importance des contributions du Comité aux efforts entrepris par l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour combattre le racisme et toutes les autres formes de discrimination fondées sur la race, la couleur, l'ascendance ou l'origine nationale ou ethnique,", "Réaffirmant de nouveau la nécessité d'intensifier la lutte pour l'élimination du racisme et de la discrimination raciale dans le monde entier, en particulier leurs formes les plus brutales,", "Soulignant l'obligation qu'ont tous les Etats parties à la Convention de prendre des mesures législatives, judiciaires et autres afin d'assurer l'application intégrale des dispositions de la Convention,", "Ayant à l'esprit la Déclaration de Vienne et le Programme d'action[2], adoptés par la Conférence mondiale sur les droits de l'homme le 25 juin 1993, en particulier la section B de la partie II, relative à l'égalité, la dignité et la tolérance,", "Invitant les Etats parties à adresser par écrit au Secrétaire général dans les meilleurs délais une notification d'acceptation de la modification de la Convention concernant le financement du Comité décidée à la réunion des Etats parties le 15 janvier 1992 et énoncée dans sa résolution 47/111 du 16 décembre 1992,", "Se félicitant des efforts entrepris par le Secrétaire général pour prendre les arrangements financiers intérimaires voulus pour le financement des dépenses engagées par le Comité,", "Soulignant qu'il importe de permettre au Comité de fonctionner sans difficultés et de disposer de tous les moyens nécessaires pour s'acquitter effectivement des fonctions dont le charge la Convention,", "Ayant examiné le rapport du Secrétaire général sur la situation financière du Comité[3],", "1. Félicite le Comité pour l'élimination de la discrimination raciale de l'oeuvre qu'il accomplit en vue de l'application de la Convention internationale sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale¹ et du Programme d'action pour la deuxième Décennie de la lutte contre le racisme et la discrimination raciale[4] et de la contribution qu'il apporte à la préparation de la troisième Décennie de la lutte contre le racisme et la discrimination raciale;", "2. Se félicite des procédures novatrices que le Comité a adoptées pour étudier l'application de la Convention dans les Etats dont les rapports sont en retard et pour formuler des observations finales sur les rapports des Etats parties;", "3. Se félicite également des recommandations générales adoptées par le Comité qui concrétisent les obligations des Etats parties au regard des dispositions de la Convention, en particulier la recommandation générale XII (42) concernant les Etats successeurs et la recommandation générale XV (42) concernant l'article 4 de la Convention[5];", "4. Encourage le Comité à poursuivre ses efforts pour renforcer ses contributions dans le domaine de la prévention de la discrimination raciale, notamment en ce qui concerne les mesures d'alerte rapide et la procédure d'intervention d'urgence;", "5. Constate avec une profonde préoccupation qu'un certain nombre d'Etats parties à la Convention ne se sont toujours pas acquittés de leurs obligations financières comme il est indiqué dans le rapport du Secrétaire général³;", "6. Reste pleinement consciente du fait que cette situation retarde encore l'exécution du mandat de fond incombant au Comité en vertu de la Convention;", "7. Prend acte avec satisfaction du rapport du Comité sur les travaux de ses quarante‑deuxième et quarante‑troisième sessions[6];", "8. Invite instamment les Etats parties à accélérer leurs procédures internes de ratification concernant l'amendement relatif au financement du Comité;", "9. Prie le Secrétaire général de continuer à prendre les arrangements financiers adéquats et les mesures appropriées pour assurer le fonctionnement du Comité;", "10. Demande aux Etats parties de s'acquitter des obligations qui leur incombent en vertu du paragraphe 1 de l'article 9 de la Convention, de présenter en temps voulu leurs rapports périodiques sur les mesures pour appliquer la Convention et de verser avant le 1er février 1994 leurs contributions non acquittées et, si possible, leurs contributions pour 1994, afin de permettre au Comité de se réunir régulièrement;", "11. Lance un appel pressant à tous les Etats parties, en particulier ceux qui sont redevables d'arriérés, pour qu'ils s'acquittent des obligations financières qui leur incombent en vertu du paragraphe 6 de l'article 8 de la Convention;", "12. Demande au Secrétaire général d'engager les Etats parties redevables d'arriérés à régulariser leur situation et de lui rendre compte à ce sujet lors de sa quarante‑neuvième session;", "13. Décide d'examiner à sa quarante‑neuvième session le rapport du Secrétaire général sur la situation financière du Comité et le rapport du Comité, au titre de la question intitulée \"Elimination du racisme et de la discrimination raciale\".", "-----", "[1] Résolution 2106 A (XX), annexe.", "[2] A/CONF.157/23.", "[3] A/48/439.", "[4] Résolution 38/14, annexe.", "[5] Voir A/48/18, chap. VIII.B.", "[6] A/48/18." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.16", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland,", "Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Sweden: draft resolution", "Report of the Committee on the Elimination of", "Racial Discrimination", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions concerning the reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and its resolutions on the status of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1/", "Reiterating the importance of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which is one of the most widely accepted human rights instruments adopted under the auspices of the United Nations,", "Aware of the importance of the contributions of the Committee to the efforts of the United Nations to combat racism and all other forms of discrimination based on race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin,", "Reiterating once again the need to intensify the struggle for the elimination of racism and racial discrimination throughout the world, especially its most brutal forms,", "Emphasizing the obligation of all States parties to the Convention to take legislative, judicial and other measures in order to secure full implementation of the provisions of the Convention,", "__________", "1/ Resolution 2106 A (XX), annex.", "93-60640 (E) 041193 /...", "Bearing in mind the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, 2/ adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, in particular part II, section B, relating to equality, dignity and tolerance,", "Calling upon States parties expeditiously to notify the Secretary-General in writing of their agreement to the amendment to the Convention regarding the financing of the Committee, as decided upon at the meeting of States parties on 15 January 1992 and set out in General Assembly resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992,", "Welcoming efforts of the Secretary-General to ensure interim financial arrangements for the financing of the expenses incurred by the Committee,", "Stressing the importance of enabling the Committee to function smoothly and to have all necessary facilities for the effective performance of its functions under the Convention,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee, 3/", "1. Commends the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination for its work with regard to the implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1/ and the Programme of Action for the Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination 4/ and its contribution to the preparation of a Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination;", "2. Welcomes the innovatory procedures adopted by the Committee for reviewing the implementation of the Convention in States whose reports are overdue and for formulating concluding observations on State party reports;", "3. Welcomes also the general recommendations adopted by the Committee which concretize the obligations of States parties with regard to the provisions of the Convention, especially General Recommendation XII (42) on successor States and General Recommendation XV (42) on article 4 of the Convention; 5/", "4. Encourages the Committee to continue to exert its efforts to enhance its contributions in the area of prevention of racial discrimination, including early warning and urgent procedures;", "5. Expresses its profound concern at the fact that a number of States parties to the Convention still have not fulfilled their financial obligations as shown in the report of the Secretary-General; 3/", "__________", "2/ A/CONF.157/23.", "3/ A/48/439.", "4/ Resolution 38/14, annex.", "5/ See A/48/18, chap. VIII.B.", "6. Remains fully aware of the fact that such a situation may lead to a further delay in the discharge of its substantive obligations by the Committee under the Convention;", "7. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Committee on the work of its forty-second and forty-third sessions; 6/", "8. Urges States parties to accelerate their domestic ratification procedures with regard to the amendment concerning the financing of the Committee;", "9. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure adequate financial arrangements and appropriate means to enable the functioning of the Committee;", "10. Calls upon States parties to fulfil their obligations under article 9, paragraph 1, of the Convention, to submit in due time their periodic reports on measures taken to implement the Convention and to pay their outstanding contributions and, if possible, their contributions for 1994 before 1 February 1994, so as to enable the Committee to meet regularly;", "11. Strongly appeals to all States parties, especially those in arrears, to fulfil their financial obligations under article 8, paragraph 6, of the Convention;", "12. Requests the Secretary-General to invite those States parties which are in arrears to pay the amounts in arrears, and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "13. Decides to consider at its forty-ninth session, under the item entitled \"Elimination of racism and racial discrimination\" the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee and the report of the Committee.", "-----", "__________", "6/ A/48/18." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/C.3/48/L.16", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Australia, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Germany,", "Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, Hungary, Iceland,", "Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Republic of", "Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Sweden: draft", "resolution", "Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and its resolutions on the status of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,[1]", "Reaffirming the importance of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which, of all human rights instruments adopted under the auspices of the United Nations, is one of the most widely accepted,", "Recognizing the importance of the contributions of the Committee to the efforts of the United Nations to combat racism and all other forms of discrimination based on race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin,", "Reaffirming once again the need to intensify the struggle for the elimination of racism and racial discrimination throughout the world, in particular their most brutal forms,", "Emphasizing the obligation of all States parties to the Convention to take legislative, judicial and other measures to ensure the full implementation of the provisions of the Convention,", "Bearing in mind the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action [2], adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, in particular Part II, section B, on equality, dignity and tolerance,", "Calling upon States parties to send a notification in writing to the Secretary-General as soon as possible of acceptance of the amendment to the Convention concerning the financing of the Committee, as decided at the meeting of States parties on 15 January 1992, as set out in its resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992,", "Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General to make the necessary interim financial arrangements for the financing of the expenses incurred by the Committee,", "Emphasizing the importance of enabling the Committee to function smoothly and to have all the necessary means to effectively perform the functions entrusted to it under the Convention,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee,", "1.Commends the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination for its work in the implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination1 and the Programme of Action for the Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination[4] and its contribution to the preparation of the Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination;", "2.Welcomes the innovative procedures adopted by the Committee to review the implementation of the Convention in States whose reports are overdue and to formulate concluding observations on reports of States parties;", "3.Also welcomes the general recommendations adopted by the Committee that give concrete effect to the obligations of States parties under the provisions of the Convention, in particular general recommendation XII (42) concerning successor States and general recommendation XV (42) concerning article 4 of the Convention; [5]", "4.Encourages the Committee to continue its efforts to strengthen its contributions in the area of the prevention of racial discrimination, including with regard to early warning measures and the emergency response procedure;", "5.Expresses deep concern that a number of States parties to the Convention have still not fulfilled their financial obligations as indicated in the report of the Secretary-General;3", "6.Remains fully aware that this situation still delays the implementation of the Committee's substantive mandate under the Convention;", "7.Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Committee on its forty-second and forty-third sessions; [6]", "8.Urges States parties to accelerate their domestic ratification procedures with regard to the amendment relating to the financing of the Committee;", "9.Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take appropriate financial arrangements and measures to ensure the functioning of the Committee;", "10.Calls upon States parties to fulfil their obligations under article 9, paragraph 1, of the Convention, to submit their periodic reports on measures to implement the Convention in a timely manner and to pay their outstanding contributions and, if possible, their contributions for 1994, before 1 February 1994, in order to enable the Committee to meet regularly;", "11.Urges all States parties, in particular those that are in arrears, to fulfil their financial obligations under article 8, paragraph 6, of the Convention;", "12.Requests the Secretary-General to call upon States parties that are in arrears to regularize their situation and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "13.Decides to consider at its forty-ninth session the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee and the report of the Committee, under the item entitled \"Elimination of racism and racial discrimination\".", "-----", "[1] Resolution 2106 A (XX), annex.", "[2] A/CONF.157/23.", "[3] A/48/439.", "[4] Resolution 38/14, annex.", "[5] See A/48/18, chap. VIII.B.", "[6] A/48/18." ]	"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"
"dyVZBgw5/aaHenJ8ysRZfNJFZJkd77179H2LuhdyY5U="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.16", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland,", "Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Sweden: draft resolution", "Report of the Committee on the Elimination of", "Racial Discrimination", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions concerning the reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and its resolutions on the status of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1/", "Reiterating the importance of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which is one of the most widely accepted human rights instruments adopted under the auspices of the United Nations,", "Aware of the importance of the contributions of the Committee to the efforts of the United Nations to combat racism and all other forms of discrimination based on race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin,", "Reiterating once again the need to intensify the struggle for the elimination of racism and racial discrimination throughout the world, especially its most brutal forms,", "Emphasizing the obligation of all States parties to the Convention to take legislative, judicial and other measures in order to secure full implementation of the provisions of the Convention,", "__________", "1/ Resolution 2106 A (XX), annex.", "93-60640 (E) 041193 /...", "Bearing in mind the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, 2/ adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, in particular part II, section B, relating to equality, dignity and tolerance,", "Calling upon States parties expeditiously to notify the Secretary-General in writing of their agreement to the amendment to the Convention regarding the financing of the Committee, as decided upon at the meeting of States parties on 15 January 1992 and set out in General Assembly resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992,", "Welcoming efforts of the Secretary-General to ensure interim financial arrangements for the financing of the expenses incurred by the Committee,", "Stressing the importance of enabling the Committee to function smoothly and to have all necessary facilities for the effective performance of its functions under the Convention,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee, 3/", "1. Commends the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination for its work with regard to the implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1/ and the Programme of Action for the Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination 4/ and its contribution to the preparation of a Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination;", "2. Welcomes the innovatory procedures adopted by the Committee for reviewing the implementation of the Convention in States whose reports are overdue and for formulating concluding observations on State party reports;", "3. Welcomes also the general recommendations adopted by the Committee which concretize the obligations of States parties with regard to the provisions of the Convention, especially General Recommendation XII (42) on successor States and General Recommendation XV (42) on article 4 of the Convention; 5/", "4. Encourages the Committee to continue to exert its efforts to enhance its contributions in the area of prevention of racial discrimination, including early warning and urgent procedures;", "5. Expresses its profound concern at the fact that a number of States parties to the Convention still have not fulfilled their financial obligations as shown in the report of the Secretary-General; 3/", "__________", "2/ A/CONF.157/23.", "3/ A/48/439.", "4/ Resolution 38/14, annex.", "5/ See A/48/18, chap. VIII.B.", "6. Remains fully aware of the fact that such a situation may lead to a further delay in the discharge of its substantive obligations by the Committee under the Convention;", "7. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Committee on the work of its forty-second and forty-third sessions; 6/", "8. Urges States parties to accelerate their domestic ratification procedures with regard to the amendment concerning the financing of the Committee;", "9. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure adequate financial arrangements and appropriate means to enable the functioning of the Committee;", "10. Calls upon States parties to fulfil their obligations under article 9, paragraph 1, of the Convention, to submit in due time their periodic reports on measures taken to implement the Convention and to pay their outstanding contributions and, if possible, their contributions for 1994 before 1 February 1994, so as to enable the Committee to meet regularly;", "11. Strongly appeals to all States parties, especially those in arrears, to fulfil their financial obligations under article 8, paragraph 6, of the Convention;", "12. Requests the Secretary-General to invite those States parties which are in arrears to pay the amounts in arrears, and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "13. Decides to consider at its forty-ninth session, under the item entitled \"Elimination of racism and racial discrimination\" the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee and the report of the Committee.", "-----", "__________", "6/ A/48/18." ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.3/48/L.16", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "TERCERA COMISION", "Tema 107 del programa", "ELIMINACION DEL RACISMO Y LA DISCRIMINACION RACIAL", "Alemania, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Bosnia y Herzegovina,", "Bulgaria, Canadá, Chipre, Dinamarca, Ecuador, Eslovenia,", "Eslovaquia, Finlandia, Hungría, Islandia, Marruecos, Noruega,", "Nueva Zelandia, Países Bajos, Polonia, República Checa, Rumania", "y Suecia: proyecto de resolución", "Informe del Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial", "La Asamblea General,", "Recordando sus resoluciones anteriores relativas a los informes del Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial y sus resoluciones relativas a la situación de la Convención Internacional sobre la Eliminación de todas las Formas de Discriminación Racial[1],", "Reiterando la importancia de la Convención Internacional sobre la Eliminación de todas las Formas de Discriminación Racial, uno de los instrumentos de derechos humanos de más amplia aceptación adoptados con los auspicios de las Naciones Unidas,", "Consciente de la importancia de las contribuciones del Comité a los esfuerzos de las Naciones Unidas en la lucha contra el racismo y todas las demás formas de discriminación por motivos de raza, color, linaje u origen nacional o étnico,", "Reiterando una vez más la necesidad de intensificar la lucha por la eliminación del racismo y la discriminación racial en el mundo entero, especialmente en sus formas más brutales,", "Destacando la obligación de todos los Estados partes en la Convención de adoptar medidas de carácter legislativo, judicial y de otra índole para asegurar la cabal aplicación de las disposiciones de la Convención,", "Teniendo presente la Declaración y el Programa de Acción de Viena[2] aprobados por la Conferencia Mundial de Derechos Humanos el 25 de junio de 1993, en particular la parte II, sección B, relativa a la igualdad, la dignidad y la tolerancia,", "Pidiendo a los Estados partes que notifiquen enseguida al Secretario General por escrito su aceptación de las enmiendas a la Convención en lo referente a la financiación del Comité, tal como se decidió en la Reunión de los Estados partes el 15 de enero de 1992 y se estableció en la resolución 47/111 de la Asamblea General, de 16 de diciembre de 1992,", "Acogiendo con agrado los esfuerzos del Secretario General por obtener arreglos financieros provisionales para la financiación de los gastos realizados por el Comité,", "Subrayando la importancia de que el Comité pueda funcionar sin trabas y de que disponga de todas las facilidades necesarias para el cumplimiento efectivo de sus funciones en virtud de la Convención,", "Habiendo examinado el informe del Secretario General sobre la situación financiera del Comité[3],", "1. Encomia al Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial por su labor con respecto a la aplicación de la Convención Internacional sobre la Eliminación de todas las formas de Discriminación Racial¹ y la ejecución del Programa de Acción para el Segundo Decenio de la Lucha contra el Racismo y la Discriminación Racial[4], así como por su contribución a la preparación de un Tercer Decenio de la Lucha Contra el Racismo y la Discriminación Racial;", "2. Acoge con satisfacción el procedimiento innovador adoptado por el Comité para examinar la aplicación de la Convención en los Estados cuyos informes están retrasados y para formular observaciones finales sobre los informes de los Estados partes;", "3. Acoge también con satisfacción las recomendaciones generales adoptadas por el Comité que concretan las obligaciones de los Estados partes con respecto a las disposiciones de la Convención, especialmente la Recomendación General XII (42) relativa a los Estados sucesores y la Recomendación General XV (42) relativa al artículo 4 de la Convención[5];", "4. Alienta al Comité a que continúe desplegando sus esfuerzos para mejorar su contribución en la esfera de la prevención de la discriminación racial, incluidos procedimientos de urgencia y alerta temprana;", "5. Expresa su profunda preocupación por el hecho de que varios Estados partes en la Convención no hayan cumplido todavía sus obligaciones financieras, como se indica en el informe del Secretario General³;", "6. Es plenamente consciente de que dicha situación puede ocasionar una nueva demora en el cumplimiento de las obligaciones sustantivas del Comité con arreglo a la Convención;", "7. Toma nota con reconocimiento del informe del Comité sobre la labor realizada en sus períodos de sesiones 42º y 43º[6];", "8. Insta a los Estados partes a que aceleren sus procedimientos de ratificación internos de la enmienda relativa a la financiación del Comité;", "9. Pide al Secretario General que continúe arbitrando los arreglos financieros adecuados y los medios apropiados para que el Comité pueda seguir funcionando;", "10. Exhorta a los Estados partes a que cumplan las obligaciones que les incumben con arreglo al párrafo 1 del artículo 9 de la Convención, a que presenten a su debido tiempo sus informes periódicos sobre las medidas adoptadas para aplicar la Convención y a que paguen sus contribuciones pendientes y, de ser posible, sus contribuciones correspondientes a 1994, antes del 1º de febrero de 1994, a fin de que el Comité pueda reunirse regularmente;", "11. Insta encarecidamente a todos los Estados partes, especialmente a los que estén en mora, a que cumplan las obligaciones financieras que les incumben con arreglo al párrafo 6 del artículo 8 de la Convención;", "12. Pide al Secretario General que invite a los Estados partes que estén en mora a pagar sus contribuciones pendientes y que informe al respecto a la Asamblea General en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones;", "13. Decide examinar en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones, en relación con el tema titulado \"Eliminación del racismo y la discriminación racial\", el informe del Secretario General sobre la situación financiera del Comité y el informe del Comité.", "-----", "[1] Resolución 2106 A (XX), anexo.", "[2] A/CONF.157/23.", "[3] A/48/439.", "[4] Resolución 38/14, anexo.", "[5] Véase A/48/18, cap. VIII.B.", "[6] A/48/18." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.16", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland,", "Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Sweden: draft resolution", "Report of the Committee on the Elimination of", "Racial Discrimination", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions concerning the reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and its resolutions on the status of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1/", "Reiterating the importance of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which is one of the most widely accepted human rights instruments adopted under the auspices of the United Nations,", "Aware of the importance of the contributions of the Committee to the efforts of the United Nations to combat racism and all other forms of discrimination based on race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin,", "Reiterating once again the need to intensify the struggle for the elimination of racism and racial discrimination throughout the world, especially its most brutal forms,", "Emphasizing the obligation of all States parties to the Convention to take legislative, judicial and other measures in order to secure full implementation of the provisions of the Convention,", "__________", "1/ Resolution 2106 A (XX), annex.", "93-60640 (E) 041193 /...", "Bearing in mind the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, 2/ adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, in particular part II, section B, relating to equality, dignity and tolerance,", "Calling upon States parties expeditiously to notify the Secretary-General in writing of their agreement to the amendment to the Convention regarding the financing of the Committee, as decided upon at the meeting of States parties on 15 January 1992 and set out in General Assembly resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992,", "Welcoming efforts of the Secretary-General to ensure interim financial arrangements for the financing of the expenses incurred by the Committee,", "Stressing the importance of enabling the Committee to function smoothly and to have all necessary facilities for the effective performance of its functions under the Convention,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee, 3/", "1. Commends the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination for its work with regard to the implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1/ and the Programme of Action for the Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination 4/ and its contribution to the preparation of a Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination;", "2. Welcomes the innovatory procedures adopted by the Committee for reviewing the implementation of the Convention in States whose reports are overdue and for formulating concluding observations on State party reports;", "3. Welcomes also the general recommendations adopted by the Committee which concretize the obligations of States parties with regard to the provisions of the Convention, especially General Recommendation XII (42) on successor States and General Recommendation XV (42) on article 4 of the Convention; 5/", "4. Encourages the Committee to continue to exert its efforts to enhance its contributions in the area of prevention of racial discrimination, including early warning and urgent procedures;", "5. Expresses its profound concern at the fact that a number of States parties to the Convention still have not fulfilled their financial obligations as shown in the report of the Secretary-General; 3/", "__________", "2/ A/CONF.157/23.", "3/ A/48/439.", "4/ Resolution 38/14, annex.", "5/ See A/48/18, chap. VIII.B.", "6. Remains fully aware of the fact that such a situation may lead to a further delay in the discharge of its substantive obligations by the Committee under the Convention;", "7. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Committee on the work of its forty-second and forty-third sessions; 6/", "8. Urges States parties to accelerate their domestic ratification procedures with regard to the amendment concerning the financing of the Committee;", "9. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure adequate financial arrangements and appropriate means to enable the functioning of the Committee;", "10. Calls upon States parties to fulfil their obligations under article 9, paragraph 1, of the Convention, to submit in due time their periodic reports on measures taken to implement the Convention and to pay their outstanding contributions and, if possible, their contributions for 1994 before 1 February 1994, so as to enable the Committee to meet regularly;", "11. Strongly appeals to all States parties, especially those in arrears, to fulfil their financial obligations under article 8, paragraph 6, of the Convention;", "12. Requests the Secretary-General to invite those States parties which are in arrears to pay the amounts in arrears, and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "13. Decides to consider at its forty-ninth session, under the item entitled \"Elimination of racism and racial discrimination\" the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee and the report of the Committee.", "-----", "__________", "6/ A/48/18." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.3 / 48 / L.16", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Germany, Bosnia and Herzegovina,", "Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, Ecuador, Slovenia,", "Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Morocco, Norway, Slovakia,", "New Zealand, Netherlands, Poland, Czech Republic, Romania", "and Sweden: draft resolution", "Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and its resolutions on the status of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination [1],", "Reiterating the importance of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, one of the most widely accepted human rights instruments adopted under the auspices of the United Nations,", "Aware of the importance of the Committee & apos; s contributions to the efforts of the United Nations in the fight against racism and all other forms of discrimination on the basis of race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin,", "Reiterating once again the need to intensify the struggle for the elimination of racism and racial discrimination throughout the world, especially in its most brutal forms,", "Stressing the obligation of all States parties to the Convention to take legislative, judicial and other measures to ensure the full implementation of the provisions of the Convention,", "Bearing in mind the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action [2] adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, in particular part II, section B, on equality, dignity and tolerance,", "Requesting States parties to notify the Secretary-General in writing immediately of their acceptance of the amendments to the Convention with regard to the financing of the Committee, as decided at the Meeting of States Parties on 15 January 1992 and as established by General Assembly resolution 47 / 111 of 16 December 1992,", "Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General to obtain interim financial arrangements for the financing of the costs of the Committee,", "Stressing the importance of the Committee & apos; s unhindered functioning and of all facilities necessary for the effective performance of its functions under the Convention,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee [3],", "1.Commends the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination for its work on the implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1 and the implementation of the Programme of Action for the Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination [4], as well as for its contribution to the preparation of a Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination;", "2.Welcomes the innovative procedure adopted by the Committee to review the implementation of the Convention in States whose reports are overdue and to make concluding observations on States parties & apos; reports;", "3.Also welcomes the general recommendations adopted by the Committee that reflect the obligations of States parties with regard to the provisions of the Convention, in particular General Recommendation XII (42) on successor States and General Recommendation XV (42) on article 4 of the Convention [5];", "4.Encourages the Committee to continue its efforts to improve its contribution in the area of prevention of racial discrimination, including urgent and early warning procedures;", "5.Expresses its deep concern that several States parties to the Convention have not yet fulfilled their financial obligations, as indicated in the report of the Secretary-General ³;", "6.It is fully aware that such a situation may result in further delay in the implementation of the Committee & apos; s substantive obligations under the Convention;", "7.Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Committee on the work of its forty-second and forty-third sessions [6];", "8.Urges States parties to accelerate their domestic ratification procedures for the amendment concerning the financing of the Committee;", "9.Requests the Secretary-General to continue to make appropriate financial arrangements and appropriate means to enable the Committee to continue to function;", "10.Calls upon States parties to comply with their obligations under article 9, paragraph 1, of the Convention, to submit in due time their periodic reports on the measures taken to implement the Convention and to pay their outstanding contributions and, if possible, their contributions for 1994, before 1 February 1994, in order to enable the Committee to meet regularly;", "11.Strongly urges all States parties, especially those in arrears, to fulfil their financial obligations under article 8, paragraph 6, of the Convention;", "12.Requests the Secretary-General to invite States parties in arrears to pay their outstanding contributions and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "13.Decides to consider at its forty-ninth session, under the item entitled \"Elimination of racism and racial discrimination,\" the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee and the report of the Committee.", "-----", "[1] Resolution 2106 A (XX), annex.", "[2]A / CONF.157 / 23.", "[3]A / 48 / 439.", "[4]Resolution 38 / 14, annex.", "[5] See A / 48 / 18, chap.VIII.B.", "[6]A / 48 / 18." ]	"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"
"FnPjxdTaFDBTyDE/+ugMbAxW7f5KBDW1n+oew+6az88="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "GENERALE", "A/C.3/48/L.16", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "TROISIEME COMMISSION", "Point 107 de l'ordre du jour", "ELIMINATION DU RACISME ET DE LA DISCRIMINATION RACIALE", "Allemagne, Australie, Autriche, Bosnie‑Herzégovine, Bulgarie,", "Canada, Chypre, Danemark, Equateur, Finlande, Hongrie, Islande,", "Maroc, Norvège, Nouvelle‑Zélande, Pays‑Bas, Pologne, République", "tchèque, Roumanie, Slovaquie, Slovénie et Suède : projet de", "résolution", "Rapport du Comité pour l'élimination de la discrimination raciale", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Rappelant ses résolutions précédentes sur les rapports du Comité pour l'élimination de la discrimination raciale et ses résolutions relatives à l'état de la Convention internationale sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale[1],", "Réaffirmant l'importance de la Convention internationale sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale qui, de tous les instruments relatifs aux droits de l'homme adoptés sous les auspices de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, est l'un des plus largement acceptés,", "Consciente de l'importance des contributions du Comité aux efforts entrepris par l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour combattre le racisme et toutes les autres formes de discrimination fondées sur la race, la couleur, l'ascendance ou l'origine nationale ou ethnique,", "Réaffirmant de nouveau la nécessité d'intensifier la lutte pour l'élimination du racisme et de la discrimination raciale dans le monde entier, en particulier leurs formes les plus brutales,", "Soulignant l'obligation qu'ont tous les Etats parties à la Convention de prendre des mesures législatives, judiciaires et autres afin d'assurer l'application intégrale des dispositions de la Convention,", "Ayant à l'esprit la Déclaration de Vienne et le Programme d'action[2], adoptés par la Conférence mondiale sur les droits de l'homme le 25 juin 1993, en particulier la section B de la partie II, relative à l'égalité, la dignité et la tolérance,", "Invitant les Etats parties à adresser par écrit au Secrétaire général dans les meilleurs délais une notification d'acceptation de la modification de la Convention concernant le financement du Comité décidée à la réunion des Etats parties le 15 janvier 1992 et énoncée dans sa résolution 47/111 du 16 décembre 1992,", "Se félicitant des efforts entrepris par le Secrétaire général pour prendre les arrangements financiers intérimaires voulus pour le financement des dépenses engagées par le Comité,", "Soulignant qu'il importe de permettre au Comité de fonctionner sans difficultés et de disposer de tous les moyens nécessaires pour s'acquitter effectivement des fonctions dont le charge la Convention,", "Ayant examiné le rapport du Secrétaire général sur la situation financière du Comité[3],", "1. Félicite le Comité pour l'élimination de la discrimination raciale de l'oeuvre qu'il accomplit en vue de l'application de la Convention internationale sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale¹ et du Programme d'action pour la deuxième Décennie de la lutte contre le racisme et la discrimination raciale[4] et de la contribution qu'il apporte à la préparation de la troisième Décennie de la lutte contre le racisme et la discrimination raciale;", "2. Se félicite des procédures novatrices que le Comité a adoptées pour étudier l'application de la Convention dans les Etats dont les rapports sont en retard et pour formuler des observations finales sur les rapports des Etats parties;", "3. Se félicite également des recommandations générales adoptées par le Comité qui concrétisent les obligations des Etats parties au regard des dispositions de la Convention, en particulier la recommandation générale XII (42) concernant les Etats successeurs et la recommandation générale XV (42) concernant l'article 4 de la Convention[5];", "4. Encourage le Comité à poursuivre ses efforts pour renforcer ses contributions dans le domaine de la prévention de la discrimination raciale, notamment en ce qui concerne les mesures d'alerte rapide et la procédure d'intervention d'urgence;", "5. Constate avec une profonde préoccupation qu'un certain nombre d'Etats parties à la Convention ne se sont toujours pas acquittés de leurs obligations financières comme il est indiqué dans le rapport du Secrétaire général³;", "6. Reste pleinement consciente du fait que cette situation retarde encore l'exécution du mandat de fond incombant au Comité en vertu de la Convention;", "7. Prend acte avec satisfaction du rapport du Comité sur les travaux de ses quarante‑deuxième et quarante‑troisième sessions[6];", "8. Invite instamment les Etats parties à accélérer leurs procédures internes de ratification concernant l'amendement relatif au financement du Comité;", "9. Prie le Secrétaire général de continuer à prendre les arrangements financiers adéquats et les mesures appropriées pour assurer le fonctionnement du Comité;", "10. Demande aux Etats parties de s'acquitter des obligations qui leur incombent en vertu du paragraphe 1 de l'article 9 de la Convention, de présenter en temps voulu leurs rapports périodiques sur les mesures pour appliquer la Convention et de verser avant le 1er février 1994 leurs contributions non acquittées et, si possible, leurs contributions pour 1994, afin de permettre au Comité de se réunir régulièrement;", "11. Lance un appel pressant à tous les Etats parties, en particulier ceux qui sont redevables d'arriérés, pour qu'ils s'acquittent des obligations financières qui leur incombent en vertu du paragraphe 6 de l'article 8 de la Convention;", "12. Demande au Secrétaire général d'engager les Etats parties redevables d'arriérés à régulariser leur situation et de lui rendre compte à ce sujet lors de sa quarante‑neuvième session;", "13. Décide d'examiner à sa quarante‑neuvième session le rapport du Secrétaire général sur la situation financière du Comité et le rapport du Comité, au titre de la question intitulée \"Elimination du racisme et de la discrimination raciale\".", "-----", "[1] Résolution 2106 A (XX), annexe.", "[2] A/CONF.157/23.", "[3] A/48/439.", "[4] Résolution 38/14, annexe.", "[5] Voir A/48/18, chap. VIII.B.", "[6] A/48/18." ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.3/48/L.16", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "TERCERA COMISION", "Tema 107 del programa", "ELIMINACION DEL RACISMO Y LA DISCRIMINACION RACIAL", "Alemania, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Bosnia y Herzegovina,", "Bulgaria, Canadá, Chipre, Dinamarca, Ecuador, Eslovenia,", "Eslovaquia, Finlandia, Hungría, Islandia, Marruecos, Noruega,", "Nueva Zelandia, Países Bajos, Polonia, República Checa, Rumania", "y Suecia: proyecto de resolución", "Informe del Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial", "La Asamblea General,", "Recordando sus resoluciones anteriores relativas a los informes del Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial y sus resoluciones relativas a la situación de la Convención Internacional sobre la Eliminación de todas las Formas de Discriminación Racial[1],", "Reiterando la importancia de la Convención Internacional sobre la Eliminación de todas las Formas de Discriminación Racial, uno de los instrumentos de derechos humanos de más amplia aceptación adoptados con los auspicios de las Naciones Unidas,", "Consciente de la importancia de las contribuciones del Comité a los esfuerzos de las Naciones Unidas en la lucha contra el racismo y todas las demás formas de discriminación por motivos de raza, color, linaje u origen nacional o étnico,", "Reiterando una vez más la necesidad de intensificar la lucha por la eliminación del racismo y la discriminación racial en el mundo entero, especialmente en sus formas más brutales,", "Destacando la obligación de todos los Estados partes en la Convención de adoptar medidas de carácter legislativo, judicial y de otra índole para asegurar la cabal aplicación de las disposiciones de la Convención,", "Teniendo presente la Declaración y el Programa de Acción de Viena[2] aprobados por la Conferencia Mundial de Derechos Humanos el 25 de junio de 1993, en particular la parte II, sección B, relativa a la igualdad, la dignidad y la tolerancia,", "Pidiendo a los Estados partes que notifiquen enseguida al Secretario General por escrito su aceptación de las enmiendas a la Convención en lo referente a la financiación del Comité, tal como se decidió en la Reunión de los Estados partes el 15 de enero de 1992 y se estableció en la resolución 47/111 de la Asamblea General, de 16 de diciembre de 1992,", "Acogiendo con agrado los esfuerzos del Secretario General por obtener arreglos financieros provisionales para la financiación de los gastos realizados por el Comité,", "Subrayando la importancia de que el Comité pueda funcionar sin trabas y de que disponga de todas las facilidades necesarias para el cumplimiento efectivo de sus funciones en virtud de la Convención,", "Habiendo examinado el informe del Secretario General sobre la situación financiera del Comité[3],", "1. Encomia al Comité para la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial por su labor con respecto a la aplicación de la Convención Internacional sobre la Eliminación de todas las formas de Discriminación Racial¹ y la ejecución del Programa de Acción para el Segundo Decenio de la Lucha contra el Racismo y la Discriminación Racial[4], así como por su contribución a la preparación de un Tercer Decenio de la Lucha Contra el Racismo y la Discriminación Racial;", "2. Acoge con satisfacción el procedimiento innovador adoptado por el Comité para examinar la aplicación de la Convención en los Estados cuyos informes están retrasados y para formular observaciones finales sobre los informes de los Estados partes;", "3. Acoge también con satisfacción las recomendaciones generales adoptadas por el Comité que concretan las obligaciones de los Estados partes con respecto a las disposiciones de la Convención, especialmente la Recomendación General XII (42) relativa a los Estados sucesores y la Recomendación General XV (42) relativa al artículo 4 de la Convención[5];", "4. Alienta al Comité a que continúe desplegando sus esfuerzos para mejorar su contribución en la esfera de la prevención de la discriminación racial, incluidos procedimientos de urgencia y alerta temprana;", "5. Expresa su profunda preocupación por el hecho de que varios Estados partes en la Convención no hayan cumplido todavía sus obligaciones financieras, como se indica en el informe del Secretario General³;", "6. Es plenamente consciente de que dicha situación puede ocasionar una nueva demora en el cumplimiento de las obligaciones sustantivas del Comité con arreglo a la Convención;", "7. Toma nota con reconocimiento del informe del Comité sobre la labor realizada en sus períodos de sesiones 42º y 43º[6];", "8. Insta a los Estados partes a que aceleren sus procedimientos de ratificación internos de la enmienda relativa a la financiación del Comité;", "9. Pide al Secretario General que continúe arbitrando los arreglos financieros adecuados y los medios apropiados para que el Comité pueda seguir funcionando;", "10. Exhorta a los Estados partes a que cumplan las obligaciones que les incumben con arreglo al párrafo 1 del artículo 9 de la Convención, a que presenten a su debido tiempo sus informes periódicos sobre las medidas adoptadas para aplicar la Convención y a que paguen sus contribuciones pendientes y, de ser posible, sus contribuciones correspondientes a 1994, antes del 1º de febrero de 1994, a fin de que el Comité pueda reunirse regularmente;", "11. Insta encarecidamente a todos los Estados partes, especialmente a los que estén en mora, a que cumplan las obligaciones financieras que les incumben con arreglo al párrafo 6 del artículo 8 de la Convención;", "12. Pide al Secretario General que invite a los Estados partes que estén en mora a pagar sus contribuciones pendientes y que informe al respecto a la Asamblea General en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones;", "13. Decide examinar en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones, en relación con el tema titulado \"Eliminación del racismo y la discriminación racial\", el informe del Secretario General sobre la situación financiera del Comité y el informe del Comité.", "-----", "[1] Resolución 2106 A (XX), anexo.", "[2] A/CONF.157/23.", "[3] A/48/439.", "[4] Resolución 38/14, anexo.", "[5] Véase A/48/18, cap. VIII.B.", "[6] A/48/18." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "GENERAL", "A/C.3/48/L.16", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Australia, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Germany,", "Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, Hungary, Iceland,", "Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Republic of", "Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Sweden: draft", "resolution", "Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and its resolutions on the status of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,[1]", "Reaffirming the importance of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which, of all human rights instruments adopted under the auspices of the United Nations, is one of the most widely accepted,", "Recognizing the importance of the contributions of the Committee to the efforts of the United Nations to combat racism and all other forms of discrimination based on race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin,", "Reaffirming once again the need to intensify the struggle for the elimination of racism and racial discrimination throughout the world, in particular their most brutal forms,", "Emphasizing the obligation of all States parties to the Convention to take legislative, judicial and other measures to ensure the full implementation of the provisions of the Convention,", "Bearing in mind the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action [2], adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, in particular Part II, section B, on equality, dignity and tolerance,", "Calling upon States parties to send a notification in writing to the Secretary-General as soon as possible of acceptance of the amendment to the Convention concerning the financing of the Committee, as decided at the meeting of States parties on 15 January 1992, as set out in its resolution 47/111 of 16 December 1992,", "Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General to make the necessary interim financial arrangements for the financing of the expenses incurred by the Committee,", "Emphasizing the importance of enabling the Committee to function smoothly and to have all the necessary means to effectively perform the functions entrusted to it under the Convention,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee,", "1.Commends the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination for its work in the implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination1 and the Programme of Action for the Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination[4] and its contribution to the preparation of the Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination;", "2.Welcomes the innovative procedures adopted by the Committee to review the implementation of the Convention in States whose reports are overdue and to formulate concluding observations on reports of States parties;", "3.Also welcomes the general recommendations adopted by the Committee that give concrete effect to the obligations of States parties under the provisions of the Convention, in particular general recommendation XII (42) concerning successor States and general recommendation XV (42) concerning article 4 of the Convention; [5]", "4.Encourages the Committee to continue its efforts to strengthen its contributions in the area of the prevention of racial discrimination, including with regard to early warning measures and the emergency response procedure;", "5.Expresses deep concern that a number of States parties to the Convention have still not fulfilled their financial obligations as indicated in the report of the Secretary-General;3", "6.Remains fully aware that this situation still delays the implementation of the Committee's substantive mandate under the Convention;", "7.Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Committee on its forty-second and forty-third sessions; [6]", "8.Urges States parties to accelerate their domestic ratification procedures with regard to the amendment relating to the financing of the Committee;", "9.Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take appropriate financial arrangements and measures to ensure the functioning of the Committee;", "10.Calls upon States parties to fulfil their obligations under article 9, paragraph 1, of the Convention, to submit their periodic reports on measures to implement the Convention in a timely manner and to pay their outstanding contributions and, if possible, their contributions for 1994, before 1 February 1994, in order to enable the Committee to meet regularly;", "11.Urges all States parties, in particular those that are in arrears, to fulfil their financial obligations under article 8, paragraph 6, of the Convention;", "12.Requests the Secretary-General to call upon States parties that are in arrears to regularize their situation and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "13.Decides to consider at its forty-ninth session the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee and the report of the Committee, under the item entitled \"Elimination of racism and racial discrimination\".", "-----", "[1] Resolution 2106 A (XX), annex.", "[2] A/CONF.157/23.", "[3] A/48/439.", "[4] Resolution 38/14, annex.", "[5] See A/48/18, chap. VIII.B.", "[6] A/48/18." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.3 / 48 / L.16", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Germany, Bosnia and Herzegovina,", "Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, Ecuador, Slovenia,", "Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Morocco, Norway, Slovakia,", "New Zealand, Netherlands, Poland, Czech Republic, Romania", "and Sweden: draft resolution", "Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its previous resolutions on the reports of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and its resolutions on the status of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination [1],", "Reiterating the importance of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, one of the most widely accepted human rights instruments adopted under the auspices of the United Nations,", "Aware of the importance of the Committee & apos; s contributions to the efforts of the United Nations in the fight against racism and all other forms of discrimination on the basis of race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin,", "Reiterating once again the need to intensify the struggle for the elimination of racism and racial discrimination throughout the world, especially in its most brutal forms,", "Stressing the obligation of all States parties to the Convention to take legislative, judicial and other measures to ensure the full implementation of the provisions of the Convention,", "Bearing in mind the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action [2] adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, in particular part II, section B, on equality, dignity and tolerance,", "Requesting States parties to notify the Secretary-General in writing immediately of their acceptance of the amendments to the Convention with regard to the financing of the Committee, as decided at the Meeting of States Parties on 15 January 1992 and as established by General Assembly resolution 47 / 111 of 16 December 1992,", "Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General to obtain interim financial arrangements for the financing of the costs of the Committee,", "Stressing the importance of the Committee & apos; s unhindered functioning and of all facilities necessary for the effective performance of its functions under the Convention,", "Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee [3],", "1.Commends the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination for its work on the implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1 and the implementation of the Programme of Action for the Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination [4], as well as for its contribution to the preparation of a Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination;", "2.Welcomes the innovative procedure adopted by the Committee to review the implementation of the Convention in States whose reports are overdue and to make concluding observations on States parties & apos; reports;", "3.Also welcomes the general recommendations adopted by the Committee that reflect the obligations of States parties with regard to the provisions of the Convention, in particular General Recommendation XII (42) on successor States and General Recommendation XV (42) on article 4 of the Convention [5];", "4.Encourages the Committee to continue its efforts to improve its contribution in the area of prevention of racial discrimination, including urgent and early warning procedures;", "5.Expresses its deep concern that several States parties to the Convention have not yet fulfilled their financial obligations, as indicated in the report of the Secretary-General ³;", "6.It is fully aware that such a situation may result in further delay in the implementation of the Committee & apos; s substantive obligations under the Convention;", "7.Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Committee on the work of its forty-second and forty-third sessions [6];", "8.Urges States parties to accelerate their domestic ratification procedures for the amendment concerning the financing of the Committee;", "9.Requests the Secretary-General to continue to make appropriate financial arrangements and appropriate means to enable the Committee to continue to function;", "10.Calls upon States parties to comply with their obligations under article 9, paragraph 1, of the Convention, to submit in due time their periodic reports on the measures taken to implement the Convention and to pay their outstanding contributions and, if possible, their contributions for 1994, before 1 February 1994, in order to enable the Committee to meet regularly;", "11.Strongly urges all States parties, especially those in arrears, to fulfil their financial obligations under article 8, paragraph 6, of the Convention;", "12.Requests the Secretary-General to invite States parties in arrears to pay their outstanding contributions and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session;", "13.Decides to consider at its forty-ninth session, under the item entitled \"Elimination of racism and racial discrimination,\" the report of the Secretary-General on the financial situation of the Committee and the report of the Committee.", "-----", "[1] Resolution 2106 A (XX), annex.", "[2]A / CONF.157 / 23.", "[3]A / 48 / 439.", "[4]Resolution 38 / 14, annex.", "[5] See A / 48 / 18, chap.VIII.B.", "[6]A / 48 / 18." ]	"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"
"Rygx7o8EkkZQN5YabMinalTrAHzxu0VkKGl2sDBFcRc="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.14", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, United Republic of", "Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe: draft resolution", "Status of the International Convention on the Suppression and", "Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 41/103 of 4 December 1986, 42/56 of 30 November 1987, 43/97 of 8 December 1988, 44/69 of 8 December 1989, 45/90 of 14 December 1990 and 47/81 of 16 December 1992,", "Mindful that the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid 1/ constitutes an important international treaty in the field of human rights and serves to implement the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 2/", "Reaffirming its conviction that apartheid is a crime against humanity and constitutes a total negation of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and a gross violation of human rights, seriously threatening international peace and security,", "Condemning the abhorrent system of apartheid wherever it exists, as well as the repression it engenders,", "Convinced that universal ratification of or accession to the Convention and the immediate implementation of its provisions will contribute to the eradication of the crime of apartheid,", "__________", "1/ Resolution 3068 (XXVIII), annex.", "2/ Resolution 217 A (III).", "93-60652 (E) 031193 /...", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the status of the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid; 3/", "2. Commends those States parties to the Convention that have submitted their reports under article VII thereof;", "3. Appeals to all States, United Nations organs, the specialized agencies and international and national non-governmental organizations to step up their activities to enhance public awareness by denouncing the crimes of apartheid;", "4. Underlines the importance of the universal ratification of the Convention, which would be an effective contribution to the fulfilment of the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights instruments;", "5. Appeals once again to those States that have not yet done so to ratify or to accede to the Convention without further delay,", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to intensify his efforts, through appropriate channels, to disseminate information on the Convention and its implementation with a view to promoting further ratification of or accession to the Convention;", "7. Also requests the Secretary-General to include in his next annual report under General Assembly resolution 3380 (XXX) of 10 November 1975 a special section concerning the implementation of the Convention.", "-----", "__________", "3/ A/48/438." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.3/48/L.14", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "TROISIEME COMMISSION", "Point 107 de l'ordre du jour", "ELIMINATION DU RACISME ET DE LA DISCRIMINATION RACIALE", "Angola, Mozambique, Namibie, Nigéria, République‑Unie de", "Tanzanie, Zambie et Zimbabwe : projet de résolution", "Etat de la Convention internationale sur l'élimination", "et la répression du crime d'apartheid", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Rappelant ses résolutions 41/103 du 4 décembre 1986, 42/56 du 30 novembre 1987, 43/97 du 8 décembre 1988, 44/69 du 8 décembre 1989, 45/90 du 14 décembre 1990, 46/84 du 16 décembre 1991 et 47/81 du 16 décembre 1992,", "Consciente que la Convention internationale sur l'élimination et la répression du crime d'apartheid[1] constitue un traité international important dans le domaine des droits de l'homme et contribue à la réalisation des idéaux de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme[2],", "Réaffirmant sa conviction que l'apartheid est un crime contre l'humanité et constitue une négation totale des buts et principes de la Charte des Nations Unies et une violation flagrante des droits de l'homme, menaçant gravement la paix et la sécurité internationales,", "Condamnant le système détestable que constitue l'apartheid, partout où il existe, ainsi que la répression dont il s'accompagne,", "Convaincue que la ratification de la Convention ou l'adhésion à cet instrument sur une base universelle ainsi que l'application immédiate de ses dispositions contribueront à l'élimination du crime d'apartheid,", "1. Prend acte du rapport du Secrétaire général concernant l'état de la Convention internationale sur l'élimination et la répression du crime d'apartheid[3];", "2. Félicite les Etats parties à la Convention qui ont présenté leurs rapports en vertu de l'article VII de cet instrument;", "3. Lance un appel à tous les Etats, aux organes de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, aux institutions spécialisées et aux organisations non gouvernementales internationales et nationales pour qu'ils accroissent leurs activités de sensibilisation de l'opinion publique en dénonçant les crimes d'apartheid;", "4. Souligne l'importance d'une ratification universelle de la Convention, qui constituerait une contribution effective à la réalisation des idéaux de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme et d'autres instruments relatifs aux droits de l'homme;", "5. Lance de nouveau un appel aux Etats qui ne l'ont pas encore fait pour qu'ils ratifient la Convention ou y adhèrent sans plus tarder;", "6. Prie le Secrétaire général d'intensifier ses efforts, par les voies appropriées, en vue de diffuser des informations sur la Convention et son application et de susciter ainsi de nouvelles ratifications de la Convention ou adhésions à cette dernière;", "7. Prie également le Secrétaire général de faire figurer dans le prochain rapport annuel qu'il présentera en vertu de la résolution 3380 (XXX) de l'Assemblée générale, en date du 10 novembre 1975, une section spéciale consacrée à l'application de la Convention.", "-----", "[1] Résolution 3068 (XXVIII), annexe.", "[2] Résolution 217 A (III).", "[3] A/48/438." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.14", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, United Republic of", "Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe: draft resolution", "Status of the International Convention on the Suppression and", "Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 41/103 of 4 December 1986, 42/56 of 30 November 1987, 43/97 of 8 December 1988, 44/69 of 8 December 1989, 45/90 of 14 December 1990 and 47/81 of 16 December 1992,", "Mindful that the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid 1/ constitutes an important international treaty in the field of human rights and serves to implement the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 2/", "Reaffirming its conviction that apartheid is a crime against humanity and constitutes a total negation of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and a gross violation of human rights, seriously threatening international peace and security,", "Condemning the abhorrent system of apartheid wherever it exists, as well as the repression it engenders,", "Convinced that universal ratification of or accession to the Convention and the immediate implementation of its provisions will contribute to the eradication of the crime of apartheid,", "__________", "1/ Resolution 3068 (XXVIII), annex.", "2/ Resolution 217 A (III).", "93-60652 (E) 031193 /...", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the status of the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid; 3/", "2. Commends those States parties to the Convention that have submitted their reports under article VII thereof;", "3. Appeals to all States, United Nations organs, the specialized agencies and international and national non-governmental organizations to step up their activities to enhance public awareness by denouncing the crimes of apartheid;", "4. Underlines the importance of the universal ratification of the Convention, which would be an effective contribution to the fulfilment of the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights instruments;", "5. Appeals once again to those States that have not yet done so to ratify or to accede to the Convention without further delay,", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to intensify his efforts, through appropriate channels, to disseminate information on the Convention and its implementation with a view to promoting further ratification of or accession to the Convention;", "7. Also requests the Secretary-General to include in his next annual report under General Assembly resolution 3380 (XXX) of 10 November 1975 a special section concerning the implementation of the Convention.", "-----", "__________", "3/ A/48/438." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.14", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, United Republic of", "Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe: draft resolution", "Status of the International Convention on the Elimination of", "and the repression of the crime of apartheid", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 41/103 of 4 December 1986, 42/56 of 30 November 1987, 43/97 of 8 December 1988, 44/69 of 8 December 1989, 45/90 of 14 December 1990, 46/84 of 16 December 1991 and 47/81 of 16 December 1992,", "Recognizing that the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid[1] constitutes an important international treaty in the field of human rights and contributes to the realization of the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [2],", "Reaffirming its conviction that apartheid is a crime against humanity and constitutes a total denial of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and a flagrant violation of human rights, which seriously threatens international peace and security,", "Condemning the detestable system of apartheid, wherever it exists, and the repression it entails,", "Convinced that ratification of or accession to the Convention on a universal basis and the immediate implementation of its provisions will contribute to the elimination of the crime of apartheid,", "1.Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the status of the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid; [3]", "2.Commends the States parties to the Convention that have submitted their reports under article VII of the Convention;", "3.Calls upon all States, United Nations bodies, specialized agencies and international and national non-governmental organizations to increase their public awareness activities by denouncing the crimes of apartheid;", "4.Stresses the importance of universal ratification of the Convention as an effective contribution to the realization of the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights instruments;", "5.Reiterates its call on States that have not yet done so to ratify or accede to the Convention without further delay;", "6.Requests the Secretary-General to intensify his efforts, through appropriate channels, to disseminate information on the Convention and its implementation and thereby to generate further ratifications of or accessions to the Convention;", "7.Also requests the Secretary-General to include in his next annual report under General Assembly resolution 3380 (XXX) of 10 November 1975 a special section on the implementation of the Convention.", "-----", "[1] Resolution 3068 (XXVIII), annex.", "[2] Resolution 217 A (III).", "[3] A/48/438." ]	"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"
"kTNma36eEAJFGd7J9LWEKytWKc9cKbALcmKkXoZR6fw="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.14", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, United Republic of", "Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe: draft resolution", "Status of the International Convention on the Suppression and", "Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 41/103 of 4 December 1986, 42/56 of 30 November 1987, 43/97 of 8 December 1988, 44/69 of 8 December 1989, 45/90 of 14 December 1990 and 47/81 of 16 December 1992,", "Mindful that the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid 1/ constitutes an important international treaty in the field of human rights and serves to implement the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 2/", "Reaffirming its conviction that apartheid is a crime against humanity and constitutes a total negation of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and a gross violation of human rights, seriously threatening international peace and security,", "Condemning the abhorrent system of apartheid wherever it exists, as well as the repression it engenders,", "Convinced that universal ratification of or accession to the Convention and the immediate implementation of its provisions will contribute to the eradication of the crime of apartheid,", "__________", "1/ Resolution 3068 (XXVIII), annex.", "2/ Resolution 217 A (III).", "93-60652 (E) 031193 /...", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the status of the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid; 3/", "2. Commends those States parties to the Convention that have submitted their reports under article VII thereof;", "3. Appeals to all States, United Nations organs, the specialized agencies and international and national non-governmental organizations to step up their activities to enhance public awareness by denouncing the crimes of apartheid;", "4. Underlines the importance of the universal ratification of the Convention, which would be an effective contribution to the fulfilment of the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights instruments;", "5. Appeals once again to those States that have not yet done so to ratify or to accede to the Convention without further delay,", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to intensify his efforts, through appropriate channels, to disseminate information on the Convention and its implementation with a view to promoting further ratification of or accession to the Convention;", "7. Also requests the Secretary-General to include in his next annual report under General Assembly resolution 3380 (XXX) of 10 November 1975 a special section concerning the implementation of the Convention.", "-----", "__________", "3/ A/48/438." ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.3/48/L.14", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "TERCERA COMISION", "Tema 107 del programa", "ELIMINACION DEL RACISMO Y LA DISCRIMINACION RACIAL", "Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, República Unida de Tanzanía,", "Zambia y Zimbabwe: proyecto de resolución", "Situación de la Convención Internacional sobre la Represión y", "el Castigo del Crimen de Apartheid", "La Asamblea General,", "Recordando sus resoluciones 41/103, de 4 de diciembre de 1986, 42/56, de 30 de noviembre de 1987, 43/97, de 8 de diciembre de 1988, 44/69, de 8 de diciembre de 1989, 45/90, de 14 de diciembre de 1990, 46/84, de 16 de diciembre de 1991 y 47/81, de 16 de diciembre de 1992,", "Consciente de que la Convención Internacional sobre la Represión y el Castigo del Crimen de Apartheid[1] constituyen un importante tratado internacional en la esfera de los derechos humanos y contribuye a la realización de los ideales de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos[2],", "Reafirmando su convicción de que el apartheid es un crimen de lesa humanidad y constituye una negación total de los propósitos y principios de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, así como una violación manifiesta de los derechos humanos que amenaza gravemente la paz y la seguridad internacionales,", "Condenando el sistema detestable del apartheid, dondequiera que exista, así como la represión que engendra,", "Convencida de que la ratificación universal de la Convención o la adhesión universal a ella y la aplicación inmediata de sus disposiciones contribuirán a la erradicación del crimen de apartheid,", "1. Toma nota del informe del Secretario General relativo a la situación de la Convención Internacional sobre la Represión y el Castigo del Crimen de Apartheid[3];", "2. Encomia a los Estados partes en la Convención que han presentado sus informes con arreglo al artículo VII de dicha Convención;", "3. Hace un llamamiento a todos los Estados, los órganos de las Naciones Unidas, los organismos especializados y las organizaciones no gubernamentales internacionales y nacionales para que intensifiquen sus actividades encaminadas a crear una mayor conciencia en el público denunciando los crímenes del apartheid;", "4. Subraya la importancia de la ratificación universal de la Convención, que constituiría una contribución eficaz a la realización de los ideales de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos y otros instrumentos de derechos humanos;", "5. Hace una vez más un llamamiento a los Estados que aún no lo hayan hecho para que ratifiquen la Convención o se adhieran a ella sin más demora;", "6. Pide al Secretario General que intensifique sus esfuerzos, por los conductos apropiados, para difundir información sobre la Convención y su aplicación, a fin de seguir promoviendo la ratificación de la Convención o la adhesión a ella;", "7. Pide también al Secretario General que, en el siguiente informe anual que presente con arreglo a la resolución 3380 (XXX) de la Asamblea General, de 10 de noviembre de 1975, incluya una sección especial relativa a la aplicación de la Convención.", "-----", "[1] Resolución 3068 (XXVIII), anexo.", "[2] Resolución 217 A (III).", "[3] A/48/438." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.14", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, United Republic of", "Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe: draft resolution", "Status of the International Convention on the Suppression and", "Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 41/103 of 4 December 1986, 42/56 of 30 November 1987, 43/97 of 8 December 1988, 44/69 of 8 December 1989, 45/90 of 14 December 1990 and 47/81 of 16 December 1992,", "Mindful that the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid 1/ constitutes an important international treaty in the field of human rights and serves to implement the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 2/", "Reaffirming its conviction that apartheid is a crime against humanity and constitutes a total negation of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and a gross violation of human rights, seriously threatening international peace and security,", "Condemning the abhorrent system of apartheid wherever it exists, as well as the repression it engenders,", "Convinced that universal ratification of or accession to the Convention and the immediate implementation of its provisions will contribute to the eradication of the crime of apartheid,", "__________", "1/ Resolution 3068 (XXVIII), annex.", "2/ Resolution 217 A (III).", "93-60652 (E) 031193 /...", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the status of the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid; 3/", "2. Commends those States parties to the Convention that have submitted their reports under article VII thereof;", "3. Appeals to all States, United Nations organs, the specialized agencies and international and national non-governmental organizations to step up their activities to enhance public awareness by denouncing the crimes of apartheid;", "4. Underlines the importance of the universal ratification of the Convention, which would be an effective contribution to the fulfilment of the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights instruments;", "5. Appeals once again to those States that have not yet done so to ratify or to accede to the Convention without further delay,", "6. Requests the Secretary-General to intensify his efforts, through appropriate channels, to disseminate information on the Convention and its implementation with a view to promoting further ratification of or accession to the Convention;", "7. Also requests the Secretary-General to include in his next annual report under General Assembly resolution 3380 (XXX) of 10 November 1975 a special section concerning the implementation of the Convention.", "-----", "__________", "3/ A/48/438." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.3 / 48 / L.14", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, United Republic of Tanzania,", "Zambia and Zimbabwe: draft resolution", "Status of the International Convention on the Suppression and", "the Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 41 / 103 of 4 December 1986, 42 / 56 of 30 November 1987, 43 / 97 of 8 December 1988, 44 / 69 of 8 December 1989, 45 / 90 of 14 December 1990, 46 / 84 of 16 December 1991 and 47 / 81 of 16 December 1992,", "Aware that the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid [1] constitutes an important international treaty in the field of human rights and contributes to the realization of the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [2],", "Reaffirming its conviction that apartheid is a crime against humanity and constitutes a total denial of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, as well as a flagrant violation of human rights that seriously threatens international peace and security,", "Condemning the detestable system of apartheid, wherever it exists, as well as the repression it engendered,", "Convinced that universal ratification of or universal accession to the Convention and the immediate implementation of its provisions will contribute to the eradication of the crime of apartheid,", "1.Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the status of the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid [3];", "2.Commends those States parties to the Convention that have submitted their reports under article VII of the Convention;", "3.Calls upon all States, United Nations bodies, specialized agencies and international and national non-governmental organizations to intensify their efforts to raise public awareness by denouncing the crimes of apartheid;", "4.Stresses the importance of universal ratification of the Convention, which would make an effective contribution to the realization of the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights instruments;", "5.Calls once again upon States that have not yet done so to ratify or accede to the Convention without further delay;", "6.Requests the Secretary-General to intensify his efforts, through appropriate channels, to disseminate information on the Convention and its implementation, in order to further promote ratification of or accession to the Convention;", "7.Also requests the Secretary-General to include in his next annual report pursuant to General Assembly resolution 3380 (XXX) of 10 November 1975 a special section on the implementation of the Convention.", "-----", "[1] Resolution 3068 (XXVIII), annex.", "[2] Resolution 217 A (III).", "[3]A / 48 / 438." ]	"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"
"JD+Llm0+XZdCJQDyVN+Wyw3oC//1WHmicvkA80ncJOU="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.3/48/L.14", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "TROISIEME COMMISSION", "Point 107 de l'ordre du jour", "ELIMINATION DU RACISME ET DE LA DISCRIMINATION RACIALE", "Angola, Mozambique, Namibie, Nigéria, République‑Unie de", "Tanzanie, Zambie et Zimbabwe : projet de résolution", "Etat de la Convention internationale sur l'élimination", "et la répression du crime d'apartheid", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Rappelant ses résolutions 41/103 du 4 décembre 1986, 42/56 du 30 novembre 1987, 43/97 du 8 décembre 1988, 44/69 du 8 décembre 1989, 45/90 du 14 décembre 1990, 46/84 du 16 décembre 1991 et 47/81 du 16 décembre 1992,", "Consciente que la Convention internationale sur l'élimination et la répression du crime d'apartheid[1] constitue un traité international important dans le domaine des droits de l'homme et contribue à la réalisation des idéaux de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme[2],", "Réaffirmant sa conviction que l'apartheid est un crime contre l'humanité et constitue une négation totale des buts et principes de la Charte des Nations Unies et une violation flagrante des droits de l'homme, menaçant gravement la paix et la sécurité internationales,", "Condamnant le système détestable que constitue l'apartheid, partout où il existe, ainsi que la répression dont il s'accompagne,", "Convaincue que la ratification de la Convention ou l'adhésion à cet instrument sur une base universelle ainsi que l'application immédiate de ses dispositions contribueront à l'élimination du crime d'apartheid,", "1. Prend acte du rapport du Secrétaire général concernant l'état de la Convention internationale sur l'élimination et la répression du crime d'apartheid[3];", "2. Félicite les Etats parties à la Convention qui ont présenté leurs rapports en vertu de l'article VII de cet instrument;", "3. Lance un appel à tous les Etats, aux organes de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, aux institutions spécialisées et aux organisations non gouvernementales internationales et nationales pour qu'ils accroissent leurs activités de sensibilisation de l'opinion publique en dénonçant les crimes d'apartheid;", "4. Souligne l'importance d'une ratification universelle de la Convention, qui constituerait une contribution effective à la réalisation des idéaux de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme et d'autres instruments relatifs aux droits de l'homme;", "5. Lance de nouveau un appel aux Etats qui ne l'ont pas encore fait pour qu'ils ratifient la Convention ou y adhèrent sans plus tarder;", "6. Prie le Secrétaire général d'intensifier ses efforts, par les voies appropriées, en vue de diffuser des informations sur la Convention et son application et de susciter ainsi de nouvelles ratifications de la Convention ou adhésions à cette dernière;", "7. Prie également le Secrétaire général de faire figurer dans le prochain rapport annuel qu'il présentera en vertu de la résolution 3380 (XXX) de l'Assemblée générale, en date du 10 novembre 1975, une section spéciale consacrée à l'application de la Convention.", "-----", "[1] Résolution 3068 (XXVIII), annexe.", "[2] Résolution 217 A (III).", "[3] A/48/438." ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.3/48/L.14", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "TERCERA COMISION", "Tema 107 del programa", "ELIMINACION DEL RACISMO Y LA DISCRIMINACION RACIAL", "Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, República Unida de Tanzanía,", "Zambia y Zimbabwe: proyecto de resolución", "Situación de la Convención Internacional sobre la Represión y", "el Castigo del Crimen de Apartheid", "La Asamblea General,", "Recordando sus resoluciones 41/103, de 4 de diciembre de 1986, 42/56, de 30 de noviembre de 1987, 43/97, de 8 de diciembre de 1988, 44/69, de 8 de diciembre de 1989, 45/90, de 14 de diciembre de 1990, 46/84, de 16 de diciembre de 1991 y 47/81, de 16 de diciembre de 1992,", "Consciente de que la Convención Internacional sobre la Represión y el Castigo del Crimen de Apartheid[1] constituyen un importante tratado internacional en la esfera de los derechos humanos y contribuye a la realización de los ideales de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos[2],", "Reafirmando su convicción de que el apartheid es un crimen de lesa humanidad y constituye una negación total de los propósitos y principios de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, así como una violación manifiesta de los derechos humanos que amenaza gravemente la paz y la seguridad internacionales,", "Condenando el sistema detestable del apartheid, dondequiera que exista, así como la represión que engendra,", "Convencida de que la ratificación universal de la Convención o la adhesión universal a ella y la aplicación inmediata de sus disposiciones contribuirán a la erradicación del crimen de apartheid,", "1. Toma nota del informe del Secretario General relativo a la situación de la Convención Internacional sobre la Represión y el Castigo del Crimen de Apartheid[3];", "2. Encomia a los Estados partes en la Convención que han presentado sus informes con arreglo al artículo VII de dicha Convención;", "3. Hace un llamamiento a todos los Estados, los órganos de las Naciones Unidas, los organismos especializados y las organizaciones no gubernamentales internacionales y nacionales para que intensifiquen sus actividades encaminadas a crear una mayor conciencia en el público denunciando los crímenes del apartheid;", "4. Subraya la importancia de la ratificación universal de la Convención, que constituiría una contribución eficaz a la realización de los ideales de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos y otros instrumentos de derechos humanos;", "5. Hace una vez más un llamamiento a los Estados que aún no lo hayan hecho para que ratifiquen la Convención o se adhieran a ella sin más demora;", "6. Pide al Secretario General que intensifique sus esfuerzos, por los conductos apropiados, para difundir información sobre la Convención y su aplicación, a fin de seguir promoviendo la ratificación de la Convención o la adhesión a ella;", "7. Pide también al Secretario General que, en el siguiente informe anual que presente con arreglo a la resolución 3380 (XXX) de la Asamblea General, de 10 de noviembre de 1975, incluya una sección especial relativa a la aplicación de la Convención.", "-----", "[1] Resolución 3068 (XXVIII), anexo.", "[2] Resolución 217 A (III).", "[3] A/48/438." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.14", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, United Republic of", "Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe: draft resolution", "Status of the International Convention on the Elimination of", "and the repression of the crime of apartheid", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 41/103 of 4 December 1986, 42/56 of 30 November 1987, 43/97 of 8 December 1988, 44/69 of 8 December 1989, 45/90 of 14 December 1990, 46/84 of 16 December 1991 and 47/81 of 16 December 1992,", "Recognizing that the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid[1] constitutes an important international treaty in the field of human rights and contributes to the realization of the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [2],", "Reaffirming its conviction that apartheid is a crime against humanity and constitutes a total denial of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and a flagrant violation of human rights, which seriously threatens international peace and security,", "Condemning the detestable system of apartheid, wherever it exists, and the repression it entails,", "Convinced that ratification of or accession to the Convention on a universal basis and the immediate implementation of its provisions will contribute to the elimination of the crime of apartheid,", "1.Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the status of the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid; [3]", "2.Commends the States parties to the Convention that have submitted their reports under article VII of the Convention;", "3.Calls upon all States, United Nations bodies, specialized agencies and international and national non-governmental organizations to increase their public awareness activities by denouncing the crimes of apartheid;", "4.Stresses the importance of universal ratification of the Convention as an effective contribution to the realization of the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights instruments;", "5.Reiterates its call on States that have not yet done so to ratify or accede to the Convention without further delay;", "6.Requests the Secretary-General to intensify his efforts, through appropriate channels, to disseminate information on the Convention and its implementation and thereby to generate further ratifications of or accessions to the Convention;", "7.Also requests the Secretary-General to include in his next annual report under General Assembly resolution 3380 (XXX) of 10 November 1975 a special section on the implementation of the Convention.", "-----", "[1] Resolution 3068 (XXVIII), annex.", "[2] Resolution 217 A (III).", "[3] A/48/438." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.3 / 48 / L.14", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 107", "ELIMINATION OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION", "Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, United Republic of Tanzania,", "Zambia and Zimbabwe: draft resolution", "Status of the International Convention on the Suppression and", "the Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling its resolutions 41 / 103 of 4 December 1986, 42 / 56 of 30 November 1987, 43 / 97 of 8 December 1988, 44 / 69 of 8 December 1989, 45 / 90 of 14 December 1990, 46 / 84 of 16 December 1991 and 47 / 81 of 16 December 1992,", "Aware that the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid [1] constitutes an important international treaty in the field of human rights and contributes to the realization of the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [2],", "Reaffirming its conviction that apartheid is a crime against humanity and constitutes a total denial of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, as well as a flagrant violation of human rights that seriously threatens international peace and security,", "Condemning the detestable system of apartheid, wherever it exists, as well as the repression it engendered,", "Convinced that universal ratification of or universal accession to the Convention and the immediate implementation of its provisions will contribute to the eradication of the crime of apartheid,", "1.Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the status of the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid [3];", "2.Commends those States parties to the Convention that have submitted their reports under article VII of the Convention;", "3.Calls upon all States, United Nations bodies, specialized agencies and international and national non-governmental organizations to intensify their efforts to raise public awareness by denouncing the crimes of apartheid;", "4.Stresses the importance of universal ratification of the Convention, which would make an effective contribution to the realization of the ideals of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights instruments;", "5.Calls once again upon States that have not yet done so to ratify or accede to the Convention without further delay;", "6.Requests the Secretary-General to intensify his efforts, through appropriate channels, to disseminate information on the Convention and its implementation, in order to further promote ratification of or accession to the Convention;", "7.Also requests the Secretary-General to include in his next annual report pursuant to General Assembly resolution 3380 (XXX) of 10 November 1975 a special section on the implementation of the Convention.", "-----", "[1] Resolution 3068 (XXVIII), annex.", "[2] Resolution 217 A (III).", "[3]A / 48 / 438." ]	"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"
"NqiEsEVu0eObRUmTcG0W9gHy6BdsOMxpo8LmwL8tC70="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.17", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (b)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION: EFFECTIVE REALIZATION", "OF THE RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION THROUGH AUTONOMY", "Liechtenstein: draft decision", "Effective realization of the right of self-determination", "through autonomy", "The General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Third Committee, having noted with interest the debate on the sub-item \"Effective realization of the right of self-determination through autonomy\" at its forty-eighth session, decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session, under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination\", a sub-item entitled \"Effective realization of the right of self-determination through autonomy\".", "-----", "93-60646 (E) 031193" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.3/48/L.17", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "TROISIEME COMMISSION", "Point 108 b) de l'ordre du jour", "DROITS DES PEUPLES A L'AUTODETERMINATION", "EXERCICE EFFECTIF DU DROIT A L'AUTODETERMINATION PAR L'AUTONOMIE", "Liechtenstein : projet de résolution", "Exercice effectif du droit à l'autodétermination par l'autonomie", "L'Assemblée générale, sur la recommandation de la Troisième Commission, ayant pris note avec intérêt du débat sur le point subsidiaire intitulé : \"Exercice effectif du droit à l'autodétermination par l'autonomie\", à sa quarante‑huitième session, décide d'inscrire à l'ordre du jour provisoire de sa quarante-neuvième session, au titre du point de l'ordre du jour intitulé : \"Droit des peuples à l'autodétermination\", un point subsidiaire intitulé : \"Exercice effectif du droit à l'autodétermination par l'autonomie\".", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.17", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (b)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION: EFFECTIVE REALIZATION", "OF THE RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION THROUGH AUTONOMY", "Liechtenstein: draft decision", "Effective realization of the right of self-determination", "through autonomy", "The General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Third Committee, having noted with interest the debate on the sub-item \"Effective realization of the right of self-determination through autonomy\" at its forty-eighth session, decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session, under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination\", a sub-item entitled \"Effective realization of the right of self-determination through autonomy\".", "-----", "93-60646 (E) 031193" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.17", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (b)", "RIGHTS OF PEOPLES AT THE SELF-DETERMINATION", "EFFECTIVE EXERCISE OF THE RIGHT TO AUTHORITY-TERMINATION BY THE AUTHORITY", "Liechtenstein: draft resolution", "Effective exercise of the right to self-determination through self-government", "The General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Third Committee, having taken note with interest of the discussion on the sub-item entitled \"Effective exercise of the right to self-determination through self-determination\", at its forty-eighth session, decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session, under the agenda item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination\", a sub-item entitled \"Effective exercise of the right to self-determination through self-determination\".", "-----" ]	"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"
"RAYHBdmiKcLFtz2N7U4SLsC0PXGG7idfT+4sl3Pdcas="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.17", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (b)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION: EFFECTIVE REALIZATION", "OF THE RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION THROUGH AUTONOMY", "Liechtenstein: draft decision", "Effective realization of the right of self-determination", "through autonomy", "The General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Third Committee, having noted with interest the debate on the sub-item \"Effective realization of the right of self-determination through autonomy\" at its forty-eighth session, decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session, under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination\", a sub-item entitled \"Effective realization of the right of self-determination through autonomy\".", "-----", "93-60646 (E) 031193" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.3/48/L.17", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "TERCERA COMISION", "Tema 108 b) del programa", "DERECHO DE LOS PUEBLOS A LA LIBRE DETERMINACION:", "REALIZACION EFECTIVA DEL DERECHO A LA LIBRE", "DETERMINACION POR MEDIO DE LA AUTONOMIA", "Liechtenstein: proyecto de decisión", "Realización efectiva del derecho a la libre determinación", "por medio de la autonomía", "La Asamblea General, a recomendación de la Tercera Comisión, tras tomar nota con interés del debate sobre el subtema \"Realización efectiva del derecho a la libre determinación por medio de la autonomía\" en su cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones, decide incluir en el programa provisional de su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones, en el marco del tema titulado \"Derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación\" un subtema titulado \"Realización efectiva del derecho a la libre determinación por medio de la autonomía\".", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.17", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (b)", "RIGHT OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION: EFFECTIVE REALIZATION", "OF THE RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION THROUGH AUTONOMY", "Liechtenstein: draft decision", "Effective realization of the right of self-determination", "through autonomy", "The General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Third Committee, having noted with interest the debate on the sub-item \"Effective realization of the right of self-determination through autonomy\" at its forty-eighth session, decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session, under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination\", a sub-item entitled \"Effective realization of the right of self-determination through autonomy\".", "-----", "93-60646 (E) 031193" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.3 / 48 / L.17", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (b)", "Right of peoples to freedom of expression:", "EFFECTIVE REALIZATION OF THE RIGHT TO FREE", "DETERMINATION BY THE MEDIUM OF AUTONOMIA", "Liechtenstein: draft decision", "Effective realization of the right to self-determination", "through autonomy", "The General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Third Committee, after taking note with interest of the discussion on the sub-item \"Effective realization of the right to self-determination through self-determination\" at its forty-eighth session, decided to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session, under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination,\" a sub-item entitled \"Effective realization of the right to self-determination through self-determination.\"", "-----" ]	"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"
"TSI7qFbIAf/g0odW/gTN8Lys9iJfIWhpwcn57D0wwmI="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.3/48/L.17", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "TROISIEME COMMISSION", "Point 108 b) de l'ordre du jour", "DROITS DES PEUPLES A L'AUTODETERMINATION", "EXERCICE EFFECTIF DU DROIT A L'AUTODETERMINATION PAR L'AUTONOMIE", "Liechtenstein : projet de résolution", "Exercice effectif du droit à l'autodétermination par l'autonomie", "L'Assemblée générale, sur la recommandation de la Troisième Commission, ayant pris note avec intérêt du débat sur le point subsidiaire intitulé : \"Exercice effectif du droit à l'autodétermination par l'autonomie\", à sa quarante‑huitième session, décide d'inscrire à l'ordre du jour provisoire de sa quarante-neuvième session, au titre du point de l'ordre du jour intitulé : \"Droit des peuples à l'autodétermination\", un point subsidiaire intitulé : \"Exercice effectif du droit à l'autodétermination par l'autonomie\".", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.3/48/L.17", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "TERCERA COMISION", "Tema 108 b) del programa", "DERECHO DE LOS PUEBLOS A LA LIBRE DETERMINACION:", "REALIZACION EFECTIVA DEL DERECHO A LA LIBRE", "DETERMINACION POR MEDIO DE LA AUTONOMIA", "Liechtenstein: proyecto de decisión", "Realización efectiva del derecho a la libre determinación", "por medio de la autonomía", "La Asamblea General, a recomendación de la Tercera Comisión, tras tomar nota con interés del debate sobre el subtema \"Realización efectiva del derecho a la libre determinación por medio de la autonomía\" en su cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones, decide incluir en el programa provisional de su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones, en el marco del tema titulado \"Derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación\" un subtema titulado \"Realización efectiva del derecho a la libre determinación por medio de la autonomía\".", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.3/48/L.17", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (b)", "RIGHTS OF PEOPLES AT THE SELF-DETERMINATION", "EFFECTIVE EXERCISE OF THE RIGHT TO AUTHORITY-TERMINATION BY THE AUTHORITY", "Liechtenstein: draft resolution", "Effective exercise of the right to self-determination through self-government", "The General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Third Committee, having taken note with interest of the discussion on the sub-item entitled \"Effective exercise of the right to self-determination through self-determination\", at its forty-eighth session, decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session, under the agenda item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination\", a sub-item entitled \"Effective exercise of the right to self-determination through self-determination\".", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.3 / 48 / L.17", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "THIRD COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 108 (b)", "Right of peoples to freedom of expression:", "EFFECTIVE REALIZATION OF THE RIGHT TO FREE", "DETERMINATION BY THE MEDIUM OF AUTONOMIA", "Liechtenstein: draft decision", "Effective realization of the right to self-determination", "through autonomy", "The General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Third Committee, after taking note with interest of the discussion on the sub-item \"Effective realization of the right to self-determination through self-determination\" at its forty-eighth session, decided to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session, under the item entitled \"Right of peoples to self-determination,\" a sub-item entitled \"Effective realization of the right to self-determination through self-determination.\"", "-----" ]	"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"
"fFEgp7CABDH2OQy4bTaAglxNArRr6NxFNRYZAoNJxoM="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.23", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (d)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OF THE TWELFTH", "SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: NUCLEAR-ARMS FREEZE", "Bolivia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, India,", "Indonesia, Mexico and Myanmar: draft resolution", "Nuclear-arms freeze", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that, in the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 1/ the first special session devoted to disarmament, adopted in 1978 and unanimously and categorically reaffirmed in 1982 during the twelfth special session of the General Assembly, 2/ the second special session devoted to disarmament, the Assembly expressed deep concern over the threat to the very survival of mankind posed by the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming the goal of general and complete disarmament under effective international control,", "Noting the new trends that have led to an improvement in the international security environment,", "Welcoming the announcement of the significant measures, including unilateral steps, by the Russian Federation and the United States of America, which could signal the cessation and reversal of the nuclear‑arms race,", "Encouraged by the decision of the Conference on Disarmament of 10 August 1993 to commence negotiations on a universally applicable and internationally verifiable comprehensive test‑ban treaty,", "__________", "1/ Resolution S-10/2.", "2/ See Official Records of the General Assembly, Twelfth Special Session, Annexes, agenda items 9 to 13, document A/S-12/32.", "93-60728 (E) 031193 /...", "Welcoming the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on further reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms, signed at Moscow on 3 January 1993,", "Welcoming also the moratoriums on nuclear‑weapon tests currently observed by France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America,", "Convinced of the urgency of further negotiations for the substantial reduction and qualitative limitation of existing nuclear arms,", "Considering that a nuclear‑arms freeze, while not an end in itself, would constitute an effective step to prevent the qualitative improvement of existing nuclear weaponry during the period when the negotiations take place, and that it would at the same time reinforce the favourable environment for the conduct of negotiations to reduce and eventually eliminate nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the unilateral steps taken by the nuclear‑weapon States for the cessation of the production of highly enriched uranium for nuclear weapons and for the shutting down of reactors producing weapons‑grade plutonium,", "Noting with concern that all nuclear‑weapon States have not so far taken any collective action in response to the call made in the relevant resolutions on the question of a nuclear‑arms freeze,", "Convinced also that the current international situation is most conducive to nuclear disarmament,", "1. Calls upon all States, particularly the nuclear‑weapon States, to agree, through a joint declaration, to a comprehensive nuclear‑arms freeze, whose structure and scope would be the following:", "(a) It would embrace:", "(i) A comprehensive test ban on nuclear weapons;", "(ii)The complete cessation of the manufacture of nuclear weapons and of their delivery vehicles;", "(iii)A ban on all further deployment of nuclear weapons and of their delivery vehicles;", "(iv)The complete cessation of the production of fissionable material for weapons purposes;", "(b)It would be subject to an appropriate and effective integrated multilateral verification system;", "2. Requests once again the nuclear‑weapon States to submit a joint report, or separate reports, to the General Assembly, prior to the opening of its forty‑ninth session, on the implementation of the present resolution;", "3. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Nuclear‑arms freeze\".", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.1/48/L.23", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "PREMIERE COMMISSION", "Point 72 d) de l'ordre du jour", "EXAMEN ET APPLICATION DU DOCUMENT DE CLOTURE DE LA", "DOUZIEME SESSION EXTRAORDINAIRE DE L'ASSEMBLEE", "GENERALE : GEL DES ARMEMENTS NUCLEAIRES", "Bolivie, Inde, Indonésie, Mexique, Myanmar et République", "populaire démocratique de Corée : projet de résolution", "Gel des armements nucléaires", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Rappelant que dans le Document final de sa dixième session extraordinaire[1], la première consacrée au désarmement, qu'elle a adopté en 1978 puis unanimement et catégoriquement réaffirmé en 1982 à sa douzième session extraordinaire[2], la deuxième consacrée au désarmement, elle s'est déclarée vivement préoccupée par la menace que représentait pour la survie même de l'humanité l'existence d'armes nucléaires,", "Réaffirmant sa volonté de parvenir à un désarmement général et complet sous un contrôle international efficace,", "Prenant note de l'évolution qui est venue améliorer les données de la sécurité internationale,", "Se félicitant de l'annonce par les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et la Fédération de Russie de mesures importantes, notamment des décisions unilatérales, qui pourraient préluder à la cessation et à l'inversion de la course aux armements nucléaires,", "Encouragée par la décision que la Conférence du désarmement a prise le 10 août 1993 d'entamer des négociations sur un traité d'interdiction complète des essais qui soit universellement applicable et internationalement vérifiable, Se félicitant du Traité entre les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et la Fédération de Russie sur une réduction et une limitation nouvelles des armements stratégiques offensifs, signé à Moscou le 3 janvier 1993,", "Se félicitant également du moratoire sur les essais d'armes nucléaires actuellement observé par les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique, la Fédération de Russie, la France et le Royaume‑Uni de Grande‑Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord,", "Convaincue qu'il faut d'urgence continuer de négocier une réduction substantielle et une limitation qualitative des armements nucléaires existants,", "Considérant qu'un gel des armements nucléaires, sans être une fin en soi, serait un moyen efficace d'empêcher que le perfectionnement des armements nucléaires existants ne se poursuive pendant la durée des négociations et créerait ainsi un climat encore plus favorable à des négociations visant à réduire et, finalement, éliminer les armes nucléaires,", "Sachant gré aux Etats dotés de l'arme nucléaire d'avoir entrepris unilatéralement de cesser la production d'uranium hautement enrichi servant à la fabrication d'armes nucléaires et de fermer les réacteurs produisant du plutonium de qualité militaire,", "Notant avec inquiétude que les Etats dotés de l'arme nucléaire n'ont jusqu'ici pris aucune mesure collective pour donner suite à l'appel lancé dans les résolutions relatives au gel des armements nucléaires,", "Convaincue également que la situation internationale actuelle est particulièrement propice au désarmement nucléaire,", "1. Demande à tous les Etats, en particulier ceux qui sont dotés de l'arme nucléaire, de convenir, dans une déclaration commune, d'un gel général des armements nucléaires, la structure et l'ampleur de l'opération étant les suivantes :", "a) Le gel comprendrait :", "i) Une interdiction général des essais d'armes nucléaires;", "ii)L'arrêt complet de la fabrication d'armes nucléaires et de leurs vecteurs;", "iii)L'interdiction de tout nouveau déploiement d'armes nucléaires et de leurs vecteurs;", "iv)L'arrêt complet de la production de matières fissiles à des fins militaires;", "b)Il serait assujetti à un système de vérification multilatéral et intégré approprié et efficace ;", "2. Prie de nouveau les Etats dotés de l'arme nucléaire de lui présenter, avant l'ouverture de sa quarante‑neuvième session, un rapport commun ou des rapports distincts sur l'application de la présente résolution;", "3. Décide d'inscrire à l'ordre du jour provisoire de sa quarante‑neuvième session la question intitulée \"Gel des armements nucléaires\".", "-----", "[1] Résolution S‑10/2.", "[2] Voir Documents officiels de l'Assemblée générale, douzième session extraordinaire, Annexes, points 9 à 13 de l'ordre du jour, document A/S‑12/32." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.23", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (d)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OF THE TWELFTH", "SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: NUCLEAR-ARMS FREEZE", "Bolivia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, India,", "Indonesia, Mexico and Myanmar: draft resolution", "Nuclear-arms freeze", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that, in the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 1/ the first special session devoted to disarmament, adopted in 1978 and unanimously and categorically reaffirmed in 1982 during the twelfth special session of the General Assembly, 2/ the second special session devoted to disarmament, the Assembly expressed deep concern over the threat to the very survival of mankind posed by the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming the goal of general and complete disarmament under effective international control,", "Noting the new trends that have led to an improvement in the international security environment,", "Welcoming the announcement of the significant measures, including unilateral steps, by the Russian Federation and the United States of America, which could signal the cessation and reversal of the nuclear‑arms race,", "Encouraged by the decision of the Conference on Disarmament of 10 August 1993 to commence negotiations on a universally applicable and internationally verifiable comprehensive test‑ban treaty,", "__________", "1/ Resolution S-10/2.", "2/ See Official Records of the General Assembly, Twelfth Special Session, Annexes, agenda items 9 to 13, document A/S-12/32.", "93-60728 (E) 031193 /...", "Welcoming the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on further reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms, signed at Moscow on 3 January 1993,", "Welcoming also the moratoriums on nuclear‑weapon tests currently observed by France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America,", "Convinced of the urgency of further negotiations for the substantial reduction and qualitative limitation of existing nuclear arms,", "Considering that a nuclear‑arms freeze, while not an end in itself, would constitute an effective step to prevent the qualitative improvement of existing nuclear weaponry during the period when the negotiations take place, and that it would at the same time reinforce the favourable environment for the conduct of negotiations to reduce and eventually eliminate nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the unilateral steps taken by the nuclear‑weapon States for the cessation of the production of highly enriched uranium for nuclear weapons and for the shutting down of reactors producing weapons‑grade plutonium,", "Noting with concern that all nuclear‑weapon States have not so far taken any collective action in response to the call made in the relevant resolutions on the question of a nuclear‑arms freeze,", "Convinced also that the current international situation is most conducive to nuclear disarmament,", "1. Calls upon all States, particularly the nuclear‑weapon States, to agree, through a joint declaration, to a comprehensive nuclear‑arms freeze, whose structure and scope would be the following:", "(a) It would embrace:", "(i) A comprehensive test ban on nuclear weapons;", "(ii)The complete cessation of the manufacture of nuclear weapons and of their delivery vehicles;", "(iii)A ban on all further deployment of nuclear weapons and of their delivery vehicles;", "(iv)The complete cessation of the production of fissionable material for weapons purposes;", "(b)It would be subject to an appropriate and effective integrated multilateral verification system;", "2. Requests once again the nuclear‑weapon States to submit a joint report, or separate reports, to the General Assembly, prior to the opening of its forty‑ninth session, on the implementation of the present resolution;", "3. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Nuclear‑arms freeze\".", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.23", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (d)", "REVIEW AND APPLICATION OF THE CLOTURE DOCUMENT", "TWENTY-SECOND SPECIAL SESSION OF THE ASSEMBLE", "GENERAL : NUCLEAR ARMS GEL", "Bolivia, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Myanmar and the Republic of", "Democratic People ' s Republic of Korea: draft resolution", "Nuclear arms freeze", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that in the Final Document of its tenth special session,[1] the first special session devoted to disarmament, adopted in 1978 and unanimously and categorically reaffirmed in 1982 at its twelfth special session,[2] the second special session devoted to disarmament, it expressed its deep concern at the threat to the very survival of humanity posed by the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming its commitment to achieving general and complete disarmament under effective international control,", "Taking note of developments in improving international security data,", "Welcoming the announcement by the Russian Federation and the United States of America of important measures, including unilateral decisions, that could prelude the cessation and reversal of the nuclear arms race,", "Encouraged by the decision of the Conference on Disarmament of 10 August 1993 to commence negotiations on a comprehensive test-ban treaty that is universally applicable and internationally verifiable, Welcoming the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, signed in Moscow on 3 January 1993,", "Welcoming also the moratorium on nuclear weapons testing currently observed by the Russian Federation, France, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America,", "Convinced of the urgent need to continue to negotiate a substantial reduction and qualitative limitation of existing nuclear weapons,", "Recognizing that a nuclear arms freeze, without being an end in itself, would be an effective means of preventing the further development of existing nuclear weapons during the negotiations and thus creating an even more favourable environment for negotiations aimed at reducing and ultimately eliminating nuclear weapons,", "Recognizing with appreciation the unilateral undertaking of the nuclear-weapon States to cease the production of highly enriched uranium for the production of nuclear weapons and to close reactors producing weapons-grade plutonium,", "Noting with concern that the nuclear-weapon States have so far taken no collective action to implement the call made in the resolutions on the freezing of nuclear weapons,", "Convinced also that the current international situation is particularly conducive to nuclear disarmament,", "1.Calls upon all States, in particular those possessing nuclear weapons, to agree, in a joint declaration, on a general freeze on nuclear weapons, the structure and scope of the operation being as follows:", "(a)The freeze would include:", "(i)A general ban on nuclear weapons testing;", "(ii) The complete cessation of the manufacture of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery;", "(iii) Prohibition of any further deployment of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery;", "(iv) The complete cessation of the production of fissile material for military purposes;", "(b) It would be subject to an appropriate and effective multilateral and integrated verification system;", "2.Reiterates its request to the nuclear-weapon States to submit a joint report or separate reports on the implementation of the present resolution to the General Assembly before the opening of its forty-ninth session;", "3.Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Nuclear weapons hell\".", "-----", "[1] Resolution S-10/2.", "[2] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Twelfth Special Session, Annexes, agenda items 9-13, document A/S-12/32." ]	"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"
"1h8236QGEL4A6LrRS5Cb4M2TxEz+/G0988f17a2MVB0="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.23", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (d)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OF THE TWELFTH", "SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: NUCLEAR-ARMS FREEZE", "Bolivia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, India,", "Indonesia, Mexico and Myanmar: draft resolution", "Nuclear-arms freeze", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that, in the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 1/ the first special session devoted to disarmament, adopted in 1978 and unanimously and categorically reaffirmed in 1982 during the twelfth special session of the General Assembly, 2/ the second special session devoted to disarmament, the Assembly expressed deep concern over the threat to the very survival of mankind posed by the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming the goal of general and complete disarmament under effective international control,", "Noting the new trends that have led to an improvement in the international security environment,", "Welcoming the announcement of the significant measures, including unilateral steps, by the Russian Federation and the United States of America, which could signal the cessation and reversal of the nuclear‑arms race,", "Encouraged by the decision of the Conference on Disarmament of 10 August 1993 to commence negotiations on a universally applicable and internationally verifiable comprehensive test‑ban treaty,", "__________", "1/ Resolution S-10/2.", "2/ See Official Records of the General Assembly, Twelfth Special Session, Annexes, agenda items 9 to 13, document A/S-12/32.", "93-60728 (E) 031193 /...", "Welcoming the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on further reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms, signed at Moscow on 3 January 1993,", "Welcoming also the moratoriums on nuclear‑weapon tests currently observed by France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America,", "Convinced of the urgency of further negotiations for the substantial reduction and qualitative limitation of existing nuclear arms,", "Considering that a nuclear‑arms freeze, while not an end in itself, would constitute an effective step to prevent the qualitative improvement of existing nuclear weaponry during the period when the negotiations take place, and that it would at the same time reinforce the favourable environment for the conduct of negotiations to reduce and eventually eliminate nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the unilateral steps taken by the nuclear‑weapon States for the cessation of the production of highly enriched uranium for nuclear weapons and for the shutting down of reactors producing weapons‑grade plutonium,", "Noting with concern that all nuclear‑weapon States have not so far taken any collective action in response to the call made in the relevant resolutions on the question of a nuclear‑arms freeze,", "Convinced also that the current international situation is most conducive to nuclear disarmament,", "1. Calls upon all States, particularly the nuclear‑weapon States, to agree, through a joint declaration, to a comprehensive nuclear‑arms freeze, whose structure and scope would be the following:", "(a) It would embrace:", "(i) A comprehensive test ban on nuclear weapons;", "(ii)The complete cessation of the manufacture of nuclear weapons and of their delivery vehicles;", "(iii)A ban on all further deployment of nuclear weapons and of their delivery vehicles;", "(iv)The complete cessation of the production of fissionable material for weapons purposes;", "(b)It would be subject to an appropriate and effective integrated multilateral verification system;", "2. Requests once again the nuclear‑weapon States to submit a joint report, or separate reports, to the General Assembly, prior to the opening of its forty‑ninth session, on the implementation of the present resolution;", "3. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Nuclear‑arms freeze\".", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.1/48/L.23", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "PRIMERA COMISION", "Tema 72 d) del programa", "EXAMEN Y APLICACION DEL DOCUMENTO DE CLAUSURA DEL DUODECIMO", "PERIODO EXTRAORDINARIO DE SESIONES DE LA ASAMBLEA GENERAL:", "CONGELACION DE LOS ARMAMENTOS NUCLEARES", "Bolivia, India, Indonesia, México, Myanmar y República", "Popular Democrática de Corea: proyecto de resolución", "Congelación de los armamentos nucleares", "La Asamblea General,", "Recordando que, en el Documento Final del décimo período extraordinario de sesiones de la Asamblea General[1], el primer período extraordinario de sesiones dedicado al desarme, aprobado en 1978 y unánime y categóricamente reafirmado en 1982 en el duodécimo período de extraordinario de sesiones de la Asamblea General[2], el segundo período extraordinario de sesiones dedicado al desarme, la Asamblea expresó profunda preocupación por la amenaza a la supervivencia misma de la humanidad que creaba la existencia de armas nucleares,", "Reafirmando el objetivo del desarme general y completo bajo control internacional eficaz,", "Tomando nota de las nuevas tendencias que han hecho mejorar el clima de seguridad internacional,", "Acogiendo con beneplácito que los Estados Unidos de América y la Federación de Rusia han anunciado importantes medidas, incluso medidas unilaterales que podrían señalar la cesación e inversión de la carrera de armamentos nucleares,", "Alentada, por la decisión adoptada el 10 de agosto de 1993 por la Conferencia de Desarme de iniciar las negociaciones sobre un tratado universalmente aplicable y verificable internacionalmente para la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares,", "Acogiendo con beneplácito el Tratado entre los Estados Unidos de América y la Federación de Rusia sobre la ulterior reducción y limitación de sus armas estratégicas ofensivas, firmado en Moscú el 3 de enero de 1993,", "Acogiendo también con beneplácito la moratoria sobre ensayos de armas nucleares respetada actualmente por los Estados Unidos de América, la Federación de Rusia, Francia y el Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte,", "Convencida de la urgencia de proseguir las negociaciones para la reducción sustancial y la limitación cualitativa de las armas nucleares actuales,", "Considerando que la congelación de los armamentos nucleares, aunque no es un fin en sí misma, constituiría una medida eficaz para evitar la mejora cualitativa de las armas nucleares actuales durante el período en que se desarrollen las negociaciones y que al mismo tiempo reforzaría el clima favorable para la realización de negociaciones tendientes a reducir y, a la larga, eliminar las armas nucleares,", "Acogiendo con beneplácito las medidas unilaterales adoptadas por los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares para poner fin a la producción de uranio altamente enriquecido para armas nucleares y para cerrar los reactores que producían plutonio apto para armas,", "Observando con preocupación que los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares no han adoptado hasta ahora medida colectiva alguna en respuesta a la exhortación hecha en las resoluciones relativas a la cuestión de la congelación de los armamentos nucleares,", "Convencida además de que la situación internacional actual es muy favorable al desarme nuclear,", "1. Exhorta a todos los Estados, y en particular a los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares, a que acuerden, por medio de una declaración conjunta una congelación completa de los armamentos nucleares, cuya estructura y alcance serían los siguientes:", "a) Comprendería:", "i)La prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares;", "ii)La cesación completa de la fabricación de armas nucleares y de sus sistemas vectores;", "iii)La prohibición de todo nuevo despliegue de armas nucleares y de sus sistemas vectores;", "iv)La cesación completa de la producción de material fisionable para armas;", "b) Estaría sujeta a mecanismos multilaterales integrados de verificación adecuados y eficaces;", "2. Pide nuevamente a los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares que le presenten, antes de la apertura de su cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones, un informe común o informes separados sobre la aplicación de la presente resolución;", "3. Decide incluir en el programa provisional de su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones el tema titulado \"Congelación de los armamentos nucleares\".", "-----", "[1] Resolución S-10/2.", "[2] Véase Documentos oficiales de la Asamblea General, duodécimo período extraordinario de sesiones, Anexos, temas 9 a 13 del programa, documento A/S‑12/32." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.23", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (d)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OF THE TWELFTH", "SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: NUCLEAR-ARMS FREEZE", "Bolivia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, India,", "Indonesia, Mexico and Myanmar: draft resolution", "Nuclear-arms freeze", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that, in the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 1/ the first special session devoted to disarmament, adopted in 1978 and unanimously and categorically reaffirmed in 1982 during the twelfth special session of the General Assembly, 2/ the second special session devoted to disarmament, the Assembly expressed deep concern over the threat to the very survival of mankind posed by the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming the goal of general and complete disarmament under effective international control,", "Noting the new trends that have led to an improvement in the international security environment,", "Welcoming the announcement of the significant measures, including unilateral steps, by the Russian Federation and the United States of America, which could signal the cessation and reversal of the nuclear‑arms race,", "Encouraged by the decision of the Conference on Disarmament of 10 August 1993 to commence negotiations on a universally applicable and internationally verifiable comprehensive test‑ban treaty,", "__________", "1/ Resolution S-10/2.", "2/ See Official Records of the General Assembly, Twelfth Special Session, Annexes, agenda items 9 to 13, document A/S-12/32.", "93-60728 (E) 031193 /...", "Welcoming the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on further reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms, signed at Moscow on 3 January 1993,", "Welcoming also the moratoriums on nuclear‑weapon tests currently observed by France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America,", "Convinced of the urgency of further negotiations for the substantial reduction and qualitative limitation of existing nuclear arms,", "Considering that a nuclear‑arms freeze, while not an end in itself, would constitute an effective step to prevent the qualitative improvement of existing nuclear weaponry during the period when the negotiations take place, and that it would at the same time reinforce the favourable environment for the conduct of negotiations to reduce and eventually eliminate nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the unilateral steps taken by the nuclear‑weapon States for the cessation of the production of highly enriched uranium for nuclear weapons and for the shutting down of reactors producing weapons‑grade plutonium,", "Noting with concern that all nuclear‑weapon States have not so far taken any collective action in response to the call made in the relevant resolutions on the question of a nuclear‑arms freeze,", "Convinced also that the current international situation is most conducive to nuclear disarmament,", "1. Calls upon all States, particularly the nuclear‑weapon States, to agree, through a joint declaration, to a comprehensive nuclear‑arms freeze, whose structure and scope would be the following:", "(a) It would embrace:", "(i) A comprehensive test ban on nuclear weapons;", "(ii)The complete cessation of the manufacture of nuclear weapons and of their delivery vehicles;", "(iii)A ban on all further deployment of nuclear weapons and of their delivery vehicles;", "(iv)The complete cessation of the production of fissionable material for weapons purposes;", "(b)It would be subject to an appropriate and effective integrated multilateral verification system;", "2. Requests once again the nuclear‑weapon States to submit a joint report, or separate reports, to the General Assembly, prior to the opening of its forty‑ninth session, on the implementation of the present resolution;", "3. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Nuclear‑arms freeze\".", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.1 / 48 / L.23", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (d)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CLOSURE DOCUMENT OF THE DOUDIT", "SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY:", "CONGELATION OF NUCLEAR ARMAMENTS", "Bolivia, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Myanmar and the Republic of", "Democratic People & apos; s Republic of Korea: draft resolution", "Freezing of nuclear weapons", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that, in the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly [1], the first special session devoted to disarmament, adopted in 1978 and unanimously and categorically reaffirmed in 1982 at the twelfth special session of the General Assembly [2], the second special session devoted to disarmament, the Assembly expressed deep concern at the threat to the very survival of humanity that created the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming the objective of general and complete disarmament under effective international control,", "Noting the new trends that have improved the international security climate,", "Welcoming the announcement by the United States of America and the Russian Federation of important measures, including unilateral measures that could indicate the cessation and reversal of the nuclear arms race,", "Encouraged by the decision of the Conference on Disarmament on 10 August 1993 to begin negotiations on a universally applicable and internationally verifiable treaty for the comprehensive test-ban of nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on the Further Reduction and Limitation of its Strategic Offensive Weapons, signed in Moscow on 3 January 1993,", "Welcoming also the current moratorium on nuclear weapons testing, respected by France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America,", "Convinced of the urgency of continuing negotiations for the substantial reduction and qualitative limitation of current nuclear weapons,", "Considering that the freezing of nuclear weapons, while not an end in itself, would be an effective measure to prevent the qualitative improvement of current nuclear weapons during the period of negotiations and at the same time would strengthen the favourable climate for negotiations aimed at reducing and eventually eliminating nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the unilateral measures taken by the nuclear-weapon States to end the production of highly enriched uranium for nuclear weapons and to close the reactors that produced weapons-grade plutonium,", "Noting with concern that the nuclear-weapon States have so far not taken any collective action in response to the call for resolutions on the question of the freezing of nuclear weapons,", "Convinced further that the current international situation is very favourable to nuclear disarmament,", "1.Calls upon all States, and in particular the nuclear-weapon States, to agree, through a joint declaration, on a comprehensive freeze of nuclear weapons, the structure and scope of which would be as follows:", "(a)I would understand:", "(i) The comprehensive prohibition of nuclear weapons testing;", "(ii) The complete cessation of the manufacture of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery;", "(iii) The prohibition of any further deployment of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery;", "(iv) The complete cessation of the production of fissile material for weapons;", "(b)It would be subject to appropriate and effective integrated multilateral verification mechanisms;", "2.Reiterates its request to the nuclear-weapon States to submit, before the opening of its forty-eighth session, a joint report or separate reports on the implementation of the present resolution;", "3.Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Freezing of nuclear weapons.\"", "-----", "[1] Resolution S-10 / 2.", "[2]See Official Records of the General Assembly, Twelfth Special Session, Annexes, Agenda items 9 to 13, document A / S-12 / 32." ]	"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"
"uy+VF/MvyjsTU5/FVRJSuoGsno0b5p4hlWADGI5Sqt4="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.1/48/L.23", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "PREMIERE COMMISSION", "Point 72 d) de l'ordre du jour", "EXAMEN ET APPLICATION DU DOCUMENT DE CLOTURE DE LA", "DOUZIEME SESSION EXTRAORDINAIRE DE L'ASSEMBLEE", "GENERALE : GEL DES ARMEMENTS NUCLEAIRES", "Bolivie, Inde, Indonésie, Mexique, Myanmar et République", "populaire démocratique de Corée : projet de résolution", "Gel des armements nucléaires", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Rappelant que dans le Document final de sa dixième session extraordinaire[1], la première consacrée au désarmement, qu'elle a adopté en 1978 puis unanimement et catégoriquement réaffirmé en 1982 à sa douzième session extraordinaire[2], la deuxième consacrée au désarmement, elle s'est déclarée vivement préoccupée par la menace que représentait pour la survie même de l'humanité l'existence d'armes nucléaires,", "Réaffirmant sa volonté de parvenir à un désarmement général et complet sous un contrôle international efficace,", "Prenant note de l'évolution qui est venue améliorer les données de la sécurité internationale,", "Se félicitant de l'annonce par les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et la Fédération de Russie de mesures importantes, notamment des décisions unilatérales, qui pourraient préluder à la cessation et à l'inversion de la course aux armements nucléaires,", "Encouragée par la décision que la Conférence du désarmement a prise le 10 août 1993 d'entamer des négociations sur un traité d'interdiction complète des essais qui soit universellement applicable et internationalement vérifiable, Se félicitant du Traité entre les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique et la Fédération de Russie sur une réduction et une limitation nouvelles des armements stratégiques offensifs, signé à Moscou le 3 janvier 1993,", "Se félicitant également du moratoire sur les essais d'armes nucléaires actuellement observé par les Etats‑Unis d'Amérique, la Fédération de Russie, la France et le Royaume‑Uni de Grande‑Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord,", "Convaincue qu'il faut d'urgence continuer de négocier une réduction substantielle et une limitation qualitative des armements nucléaires existants,", "Considérant qu'un gel des armements nucléaires, sans être une fin en soi, serait un moyen efficace d'empêcher que le perfectionnement des armements nucléaires existants ne se poursuive pendant la durée des négociations et créerait ainsi un climat encore plus favorable à des négociations visant à réduire et, finalement, éliminer les armes nucléaires,", "Sachant gré aux Etats dotés de l'arme nucléaire d'avoir entrepris unilatéralement de cesser la production d'uranium hautement enrichi servant à la fabrication d'armes nucléaires et de fermer les réacteurs produisant du plutonium de qualité militaire,", "Notant avec inquiétude que les Etats dotés de l'arme nucléaire n'ont jusqu'ici pris aucune mesure collective pour donner suite à l'appel lancé dans les résolutions relatives au gel des armements nucléaires,", "Convaincue également que la situation internationale actuelle est particulièrement propice au désarmement nucléaire,", "1. Demande à tous les Etats, en particulier ceux qui sont dotés de l'arme nucléaire, de convenir, dans une déclaration commune, d'un gel général des armements nucléaires, la structure et l'ampleur de l'opération étant les suivantes :", "a) Le gel comprendrait :", "i) Une interdiction général des essais d'armes nucléaires;", "ii)L'arrêt complet de la fabrication d'armes nucléaires et de leurs vecteurs;", "iii)L'interdiction de tout nouveau déploiement d'armes nucléaires et de leurs vecteurs;", "iv)L'arrêt complet de la production de matières fissiles à des fins militaires;", "b)Il serait assujetti à un système de vérification multilatéral et intégré approprié et efficace ;", "2. Prie de nouveau les Etats dotés de l'arme nucléaire de lui présenter, avant l'ouverture de sa quarante‑neuvième session, un rapport commun ou des rapports distincts sur l'application de la présente résolution;", "3. Décide d'inscrire à l'ordre du jour provisoire de sa quarante‑neuvième session la question intitulée \"Gel des armements nucléaires\".", "-----", "[1] Résolution S‑10/2.", "[2] Voir Documents officiels de l'Assemblée générale, douzième session extraordinaire, Annexes, points 9 à 13 de l'ordre du jour, document A/S‑12/32." ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.1/48/L.23", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "PRIMERA COMISION", "Tema 72 d) del programa", "EXAMEN Y APLICACION DEL DOCUMENTO DE CLAUSURA DEL DUODECIMO", "PERIODO EXTRAORDINARIO DE SESIONES DE LA ASAMBLEA GENERAL:", "CONGELACION DE LOS ARMAMENTOS NUCLEARES", "Bolivia, India, Indonesia, México, Myanmar y República", "Popular Democrática de Corea: proyecto de resolución", "Congelación de los armamentos nucleares", "La Asamblea General,", "Recordando que, en el Documento Final del décimo período extraordinario de sesiones de la Asamblea General[1], el primer período extraordinario de sesiones dedicado al desarme, aprobado en 1978 y unánime y categóricamente reafirmado en 1982 en el duodécimo período de extraordinario de sesiones de la Asamblea General[2], el segundo período extraordinario de sesiones dedicado al desarme, la Asamblea expresó profunda preocupación por la amenaza a la supervivencia misma de la humanidad que creaba la existencia de armas nucleares,", "Reafirmando el objetivo del desarme general y completo bajo control internacional eficaz,", "Tomando nota de las nuevas tendencias que han hecho mejorar el clima de seguridad internacional,", "Acogiendo con beneplácito que los Estados Unidos de América y la Federación de Rusia han anunciado importantes medidas, incluso medidas unilaterales que podrían señalar la cesación e inversión de la carrera de armamentos nucleares,", "Alentada, por la decisión adoptada el 10 de agosto de 1993 por la Conferencia de Desarme de iniciar las negociaciones sobre un tratado universalmente aplicable y verificable internacionalmente para la prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares,", "Acogiendo con beneplácito el Tratado entre los Estados Unidos de América y la Federación de Rusia sobre la ulterior reducción y limitación de sus armas estratégicas ofensivas, firmado en Moscú el 3 de enero de 1993,", "Acogiendo también con beneplácito la moratoria sobre ensayos de armas nucleares respetada actualmente por los Estados Unidos de América, la Federación de Rusia, Francia y el Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte,", "Convencida de la urgencia de proseguir las negociaciones para la reducción sustancial y la limitación cualitativa de las armas nucleares actuales,", "Considerando que la congelación de los armamentos nucleares, aunque no es un fin en sí misma, constituiría una medida eficaz para evitar la mejora cualitativa de las armas nucleares actuales durante el período en que se desarrollen las negociaciones y que al mismo tiempo reforzaría el clima favorable para la realización de negociaciones tendientes a reducir y, a la larga, eliminar las armas nucleares,", "Acogiendo con beneplácito las medidas unilaterales adoptadas por los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares para poner fin a la producción de uranio altamente enriquecido para armas nucleares y para cerrar los reactores que producían plutonio apto para armas,", "Observando con preocupación que los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares no han adoptado hasta ahora medida colectiva alguna en respuesta a la exhortación hecha en las resoluciones relativas a la cuestión de la congelación de los armamentos nucleares,", "Convencida además de que la situación internacional actual es muy favorable al desarme nuclear,", "1. Exhorta a todos los Estados, y en particular a los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares, a que acuerden, por medio de una declaración conjunta una congelación completa de los armamentos nucleares, cuya estructura y alcance serían los siguientes:", "a) Comprendería:", "i)La prohibición completa de los ensayos de armas nucleares;", "ii)La cesación completa de la fabricación de armas nucleares y de sus sistemas vectores;", "iii)La prohibición de todo nuevo despliegue de armas nucleares y de sus sistemas vectores;", "iv)La cesación completa de la producción de material fisionable para armas;", "b) Estaría sujeta a mecanismos multilaterales integrados de verificación adecuados y eficaces;", "2. Pide nuevamente a los Estados poseedores de armas nucleares que le presenten, antes de la apertura de su cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones, un informe común o informes separados sobre la aplicación de la presente resolución;", "3. Decide incluir en el programa provisional de su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones el tema titulado \"Congelación de los armamentos nucleares\".", "-----", "[1] Resolución S-10/2.", "[2] Véase Documentos oficiales de la Asamblea General, duodécimo período extraordinario de sesiones, Anexos, temas 9 a 13 del programa, documento A/S‑12/32." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.23", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (d)", "REVIEW AND APPLICATION OF THE CLOTURE DOCUMENT", "TWENTY-SECOND SPECIAL SESSION OF THE ASSEMBLE", "GENERAL : NUCLEAR ARMS GEL", "Bolivia, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Myanmar and the Republic of", "Democratic People ' s Republic of Korea: draft resolution", "Nuclear arms freeze", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that in the Final Document of its tenth special session,[1] the first special session devoted to disarmament, adopted in 1978 and unanimously and categorically reaffirmed in 1982 at its twelfth special session,[2] the second special session devoted to disarmament, it expressed its deep concern at the threat to the very survival of humanity posed by the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming its commitment to achieving general and complete disarmament under effective international control,", "Taking note of developments in improving international security data,", "Welcoming the announcement by the Russian Federation and the United States of America of important measures, including unilateral decisions, that could prelude the cessation and reversal of the nuclear arms race,", "Encouraged by the decision of the Conference on Disarmament of 10 August 1993 to commence negotiations on a comprehensive test-ban treaty that is universally applicable and internationally verifiable, Welcoming the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, signed in Moscow on 3 January 1993,", "Welcoming also the moratorium on nuclear weapons testing currently observed by the Russian Federation, France, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America,", "Convinced of the urgent need to continue to negotiate a substantial reduction and qualitative limitation of existing nuclear weapons,", "Recognizing that a nuclear arms freeze, without being an end in itself, would be an effective means of preventing the further development of existing nuclear weapons during the negotiations and thus creating an even more favourable environment for negotiations aimed at reducing and ultimately eliminating nuclear weapons,", "Recognizing with appreciation the unilateral undertaking of the nuclear-weapon States to cease the production of highly enriched uranium for the production of nuclear weapons and to close reactors producing weapons-grade plutonium,", "Noting with concern that the nuclear-weapon States have so far taken no collective action to implement the call made in the resolutions on the freezing of nuclear weapons,", "Convinced also that the current international situation is particularly conducive to nuclear disarmament,", "1.Calls upon all States, in particular those possessing nuclear weapons, to agree, in a joint declaration, on a general freeze on nuclear weapons, the structure and scope of the operation being as follows:", "(a)The freeze would include:", "(i)A general ban on nuclear weapons testing;", "(ii) The complete cessation of the manufacture of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery;", "(iii) Prohibition of any further deployment of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery;", "(iv) The complete cessation of the production of fissile material for military purposes;", "(b) It would be subject to an appropriate and effective multilateral and integrated verification system;", "2.Reiterates its request to the nuclear-weapon States to submit a joint report or separate reports on the implementation of the present resolution to the General Assembly before the opening of its forty-ninth session;", "3.Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Nuclear weapons hell\".", "-----", "[1] Resolution S-10/2.", "[2] See Official Records of the General Assembly, Twelfth Special Session, Annexes, agenda items 9-13, document A/S-12/32." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.1 / 48 / L.23", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 72 (d)", "REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CLOSURE DOCUMENT OF THE DOUDIT", "SPECIAL SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY:", "CONGELATION OF NUCLEAR ARMAMENTS", "Bolivia, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Myanmar and the Republic of", "Democratic People & apos; s Republic of Korea: draft resolution", "Freezing of nuclear weapons", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that, in the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly [1], the first special session devoted to disarmament, adopted in 1978 and unanimously and categorically reaffirmed in 1982 at the twelfth special session of the General Assembly [2], the second special session devoted to disarmament, the Assembly expressed deep concern at the threat to the very survival of humanity that created the existence of nuclear weapons,", "Reaffirming the objective of general and complete disarmament under effective international control,", "Noting the new trends that have improved the international security climate,", "Welcoming the announcement by the United States of America and the Russian Federation of important measures, including unilateral measures that could indicate the cessation and reversal of the nuclear arms race,", "Encouraged by the decision of the Conference on Disarmament on 10 August 1993 to begin negotiations on a universally applicable and internationally verifiable treaty for the comprehensive test-ban of nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on the Further Reduction and Limitation of its Strategic Offensive Weapons, signed in Moscow on 3 January 1993,", "Welcoming also the current moratorium on nuclear weapons testing, respected by France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America,", "Convinced of the urgency of continuing negotiations for the substantial reduction and qualitative limitation of current nuclear weapons,", "Considering that the freezing of nuclear weapons, while not an end in itself, would be an effective measure to prevent the qualitative improvement of current nuclear weapons during the period of negotiations and at the same time would strengthen the favourable climate for negotiations aimed at reducing and eventually eliminating nuclear weapons,", "Welcoming the unilateral measures taken by the nuclear-weapon States to end the production of highly enriched uranium for nuclear weapons and to close the reactors that produced weapons-grade plutonium,", "Noting with concern that the nuclear-weapon States have so far not taken any collective action in response to the call for resolutions on the question of the freezing of nuclear weapons,", "Convinced further that the current international situation is very favourable to nuclear disarmament,", "1.Calls upon all States, and in particular the nuclear-weapon States, to agree, through a joint declaration, on a comprehensive freeze of nuclear weapons, the structure and scope of which would be as follows:", "(a)I would understand:", "(i) The comprehensive prohibition of nuclear weapons testing;", "(ii) The complete cessation of the manufacture of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery;", "(iii) The prohibition of any further deployment of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery;", "(iv) The complete cessation of the production of fissile material for weapons;", "(b)It would be subject to appropriate and effective integrated multilateral verification mechanisms;", "2.Reiterates its request to the nuclear-weapon States to submit, before the opening of its forty-eighth session, a joint report or separate reports on the implementation of the present resolution;", "3.Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Freezing of nuclear weapons.\"", "-----", "[1] Resolution S-10 / 2.", "[2]See Official Records of the General Assembly, Twelfth Special Session, Annexes, Agenda items 9 to 13, document A / S-12 / 32." 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"qjXNQCLYY9IPu54NvliyIahkd1/C8WthQ7gUOswLe4s="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.22", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 62", "SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND", "THEIR IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY", "Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia,", "Sri Lanka and Venezuela: draft resolution", "Scientific and technological developments and", "their impact on international security", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that at its tenth special session, the first special session devoted to disarmament, it unanimously stressed the importance of both qualitative and quantitative measures in the process of disarmament,", "Recognizing that scientific and technological developments can have both civilian and military applications and that progress in science and technology for civilian applications needs to be maintained and encouraged,", "Noting with concern the potential in technological advances for application to military purposes, which could lead to more sophisticated weapons and new weapons systems,", "Stressing the interests of the international community in the subject and the need to follow closely the scientific and technological developments which may have a negative impact on the security environment and on the process of arms limitation and disarmament and to channel scientific and technological developments for beneficial purposes,", "Emphasizing that the proposal contained in its resolution 43/77 A of 7 December 1988 is without prejudice to research and development efforts being undertaken for peaceful purposes,", "93-60722 (E) 031193 /...", "Noting the results of the United Nations Conference on New Trends in Science and Technology: Implications for International Peace and Security, held at Sendai, Japan, from 16 to 19 April 1990, 1/ and recognizing, in this regard, the need for the scientific and policy communities to work together in dealing with the complex implications of technological change,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their impact on international security\"; 2/", "2. Takes note also of the interim report of the Secretary-General 3/ submitted in pursuance of resolution 45/60 of 4 December 1990;", "3. Fully agrees that:", "(a) The international community needs to position itself better to follow the nature and direction of technological change;", "(b) The United Nations can serve as a catalyst and a clearing-house for ideas to this purpose;", "4. Calls upon the Disarmament Commission to conclude its work on agenda item 6 and to submit it to the General Assembly;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to follow scientific and technological developments in order to make an assessment of emerging \"new technologies\" and to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a framework for technology assessment guided, inter alia, by the criteria suggested in his report;", "6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their impact on international security\".", "-----", "1/ See A/45/568.", "2/ A/45/568.", "3/ A/47/355." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.1/48/L.22", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante-huitième session", "PREMIERE COMMISSION", "Point 62 de l'ordre du jour", "LES PROGRES SCIENTIFIQUES ET TECHNIQUES ET LEURS", "INCIDENCES SUR LA SECURITE INTERNATIONALE", "Bélarus, Bhoutan, Bolivie, Costa Rica, Inde, Indonésie,", "Sri Lanka et Venezuela : projet de résolution", "Les progrès scientifiques et techniques et leurs", "incidences sur la sécurité internationale", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Rappelant que, à sa dixième session extraordinaire, la première consacrée au désarmement, elle a souligné à l'unanimité l'importance que les mesures tant qualitatives que quantitatives présentent pour le processus du désarmement,", "Considérant que les nouvelles réalisations scientifiques et techniques peuvent se prêter à des applications civiles aussi bien que militaires et qu'il faut poursuivre et encourager les progrès de la science et de la technique à des fins civiles,", "Notant avec préoccupation que les progrès techniques se prêtent à des applications militaires qui risquent de contribuer à l'apparition d'armes plus perfectionnées et de nouveaux systèmes d'armes,", "Soulignant que la question met en jeu les intérêts de la communauté internationale et qu'il faut suivre de près les progrès scientifiques et techniques qui risquent de compromettre le climat de sécurité ainsi que le processus de limitation des armements et de désarmement, et les orienter vers des fins bénéfiques,", "Soulignant que la proposition contenue dans sa résolution 43/77 A du 7 décembre 1988 s'entend sans préjudice des efforts de recherche-développement entrepris à des fins pacifiques,", "Notant les résultats obtenus à la Conférence des Nations Unies sur les tendances nouvelles des sciences et des techniques : incidences sur la paix et la sécurité internationales, tenue à Sendai (Japon) du 16 au 19 avril 1990[1], et déclarant à cet égard que le monde scientifique et le monde politique doivent affronter, ensemble, les incidences complexes de l'évolution des technologies,", "1. Prend acte du rapport du Secrétaire général intitulé \"Les progrès scientifiques et techniques et leurs incidences sur la sécurité internationale\"[2];", "2. Prend acte également du rapport intérimaire du Secrétaire général[3], présenté conformément à sa résolution 45/60 du 4 décembre 1990;", "3. Se déclare, elle aussi, convaincue :", "a) Que la communauté internationale doit se mettre mieux à même de comprendre la nature et le sens de l'évolution des technologies;", "b) Que l'Organisation des Nations Unies peut servir à cet égard de catalyseur et de centre d'échange d'idées;", "4. Demande à la Conférence de désarmement de conclure ses travaux sur le point 6 de son ordre du jour et de les lui soumettre;", "5. Prie le Secrétaire général de continuer à suivre les progrès scientifiques et techniques pour pouvoir évaluer les \"technologies nouvelles\" qui apparaissent et de lui soumettre à sa quarante-neuvième session un schéma d'évaluation des technologies en s'inspirant notamment des critères qu'il propose dans son rapport;", "6. Décide d'inscrire à l'ordre du jour provisoire de sa quarante-neuvième session la question intitulée \"Les progrès scientifiques et techniques et leurs incidences sur la sécurité internationale\".", "-----", "[1] Voir A/45/568.", "[2] A/45/568.", "[3] A/47/355." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.22", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 62", "SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND", "THEIR IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY", "Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia,", "Sri Lanka and Venezuela: draft resolution", "Scientific and technological developments and", "their impact on international security", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that at its tenth special session, the first special session devoted to disarmament, it unanimously stressed the importance of both qualitative and quantitative measures in the process of disarmament,", "Recognizing that scientific and technological developments can have both civilian and military applications and that progress in science and technology for civilian applications needs to be maintained and encouraged,", "Noting with concern the potential in technological advances for application to military purposes, which could lead to more sophisticated weapons and new weapons systems,", "Stressing the interests of the international community in the subject and the need to follow closely the scientific and technological developments which may have a negative impact on the security environment and on the process of arms limitation and disarmament and to channel scientific and technological developments for beneficial purposes,", "Emphasizing that the proposal contained in its resolution 43/77 A of 7 December 1988 is without prejudice to research and development efforts being undertaken for peaceful purposes,", "93-60722 (E) 031193 /...", "Noting the results of the United Nations Conference on New Trends in Science and Technology: Implications for International Peace and Security, held at Sendai, Japan, from 16 to 19 April 1990, 1/ and recognizing, in this regard, the need for the scientific and policy communities to work together in dealing with the complex implications of technological change,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their impact on international security\"; 2/", "2. Takes note also of the interim report of the Secretary-General 3/ submitted in pursuance of resolution 45/60 of 4 December 1990;", "3. Fully agrees that:", "(a) The international community needs to position itself better to follow the nature and direction of technological change;", "(b) The United Nations can serve as a catalyst and a clearing-house for ideas to this purpose;", "4. Calls upon the Disarmament Commission to conclude its work on agenda item 6 and to submit it to the General Assembly;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to follow scientific and technological developments in order to make an assessment of emerging \"new technologies\" and to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a framework for technology assessment guided, inter alia, by the criteria suggested in his report;", "6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their impact on international security\".", "-----", "1/ See A/45/568.", "2/ A/45/568.", "3/ A/47/355." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.22", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 62", "SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS AND THEIR", "IMPACTS ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY", "Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia,", "Sri Lanka and Venezuela: draft resolution", "Scientific and technical progress and their", "implications for international security", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that, at its tenth special session, the first special session devoted to disarmament, it unanimously stressed the importance of both qualitative and quantitative measures for the disarmament process,", "Recognizing that new scientific and technological developments can be conducive to civilian and military applications and that progress in science and technology for civilian purposes should be continued and encouraged,", "Noting with concern that technological advances are conducive to military applications that may contribute to the emergence of more sophisticated weapons and new weapons systems,", "Stressing that the issue involves the interests of the international community and that scientific and technological progress that may jeopardize the security environment, arms limitation and disarmament processes must be closely monitored and directed towards beneficial ends,", "Stressing that the proposal contained in its resolution 43/77A of 7 December 1988 shall be without prejudice to research and development efforts for peaceful purposes,", "Noting the results achieved at the United Nations Conference on Emerging Trends in Science and Technology: Implications for International Peace and Security, held in Sendai, Japan, from 16 to 19 April 1990,[1] and in this regard stating that the scientific and political world must jointly address the complex implications of technological change,", "1.Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled \"Science and technology developments and their implications for international security\";[2]", "2.Also takes note of the progress report of the Secretary-General, submitted in accordance with General Assembly resolution 45/60 of 4 December 1990;", "3.She also declares herself convinced:", "(a)That the international community should be better able to understand the nature and direction of technological change;", "(b)That the United Nations can serve as a catalyst and a clearing house for ideas in this regard;", "4.Requests the Conference on Disarmament to conclude its work on agenda item 6 and to submit it to the General Assembly;", "5.Requests the Secretary-General to continue to monitor scientific and technological progress in order to assess emerging \"new technologies\" and to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a technology assessment framework, drawing, inter alia, on the criteria proposed in his report;", "6.Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their implications for international security\".", "-----", "[1] See A/45/568.", "[2] A/45/568.", "[3] A/47/355." ]	"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"
"8R86u6Tq/id0clgWF1y3I+j7pwXFFGM74IbrdQGTeVg="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.22", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 62", "SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND", "THEIR IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY", "Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia,", "Sri Lanka and Venezuela: draft resolution", "Scientific and technological developments and", "their impact on international security", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that at its tenth special session, the first special session devoted to disarmament, it unanimously stressed the importance of both qualitative and quantitative measures in the process of disarmament,", "Recognizing that scientific and technological developments can have both civilian and military applications and that progress in science and technology for civilian applications needs to be maintained and encouraged,", "Noting with concern the potential in technological advances for application to military purposes, which could lead to more sophisticated weapons and new weapons systems,", "Stressing the interests of the international community in the subject and the need to follow closely the scientific and technological developments which may have a negative impact on the security environment and on the process of arms limitation and disarmament and to channel scientific and technological developments for beneficial purposes,", "Emphasizing that the proposal contained in its resolution 43/77 A of 7 December 1988 is without prejudice to research and development efforts being undertaken for peaceful purposes,", "93-60722 (E) 031193 /...", "Noting the results of the United Nations Conference on New Trends in Science and Technology: Implications for International Peace and Security, held at Sendai, Japan, from 16 to 19 April 1990, 1/ and recognizing, in this regard, the need for the scientific and policy communities to work together in dealing with the complex implications of technological change,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their impact on international security\"; 2/", "2. Takes note also of the interim report of the Secretary-General 3/ submitted in pursuance of resolution 45/60 of 4 December 1990;", "3. Fully agrees that:", "(a) The international community needs to position itself better to follow the nature and direction of technological change;", "(b) The United Nations can serve as a catalyst and a clearing-house for ideas to this purpose;", "4. Calls upon the Disarmament Commission to conclude its work on agenda item 6 and to submit it to the General Assembly;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to follow scientific and technological developments in order to make an assessment of emerging \"new technologies\" and to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a framework for technology assessment guided, inter alia, by the criteria suggested in his report;", "6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their impact on international security\".", "-----", "1/ See A/45/568.", "2/ A/45/568.", "3/ A/47/355." ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.1/48/L.22", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "PRIMERA COMISION", "Tema 62 del programa", "AVANCES CIENTIFICOS Y TECNOLOGICOS Y SU REPERCUSION EN LA", "SEGURIDAD INTERNACIONAL", "Belarús, Bután, Bolivia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia,", "Sri Lanka y Venezuela: proyecto de resolución", "Avances científicos y tecnológicos y su repercusión en", "la seguridad internacional", "La Asamblea General,", "Recordando que en su décimo período extraordinario de sesiones, el primer período extraordinario de sesiones dedicado al desarme, destacó por unanimidad la importancia de la adopción de medidas cualitativas y cuantitativas en el proceso de desarme,", "Reconociendo que los avances científicos y tecnológicos pueden tener aplicaciones para fines civiles y militares y que hay que mantener y estimular los avances científicos y tecnológicos para su aplicación a fines civiles,", "Observando con preocupación la posibilidad de que los avances tecnológicos sean aplicados con fines militares, lo que podría dar origen a armas más perfeccionadas y nuevos sistemas de armamentos,", "Destacando el interés de la comunidad internacional en el tema y la necesidad de observar atentamente los avances científicos y tecnológicos que puedan tener consecuencias negativas para la seguridad y para el proceso de limitación de armamentos y de desarme, así como encauzar los avances científicos y tecnológicos con fines provechosos,", "Poniendo de relieve que la propuesta que figura en su resolución 43/77 A, de 7 de diciembre de 1988, debe entenderse sin perjuicio de la investigación y el desarrollo con fines pacíficos,", "Observando los resultados de la conferencia de las Naciones Unidas titulada \"Nuevas tendencias en materia de ciencia y tecnología: consecuencias para la paz y la seguridad internacionales\", celebrada en Sendai (Japón), del 16 al 19 de abril de 1990[1], y reconociendo, a este respecto, la necesidad de que los círculos científicos y políticos colaboren en relación con las complicadas repercusiones de los cambios tecnológicos,", "1. Toma nota del informe del Secretario General titulado \"Avances científicos y tecnológicos y su repercusión en la seguridad internacional\"[2];", "2. Toma nota también del informe provisional presentado por el Secretario General[3], de conformidad con la resolución 45/60, de 4 de diciembre de 1990;", "3. Concuerda plenamente en que:", "a) La comunidad internacional debe ponerse en mejores condiciones para comprender el carácter y la orientación de los cambios tecnológicos;", "b) Las Naciones Unidas pueden actuar como catalizador y como centro de coordinación de ideas con tal objeto;", "4. Insta a la Comisión de Desarme a que concluya su labor relativa al tema 6 del programa y la presente a la Asamblea General;", "5. Pide al Secretario General que siga ocupándose de los avances científicos y tecnológicos con el objeto de hacer una evaluación de las \"nuevas tecnologías\" que surjan y que le presente en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones un marco para la evaluación de la tecnología de conformidad, entre otros, con los criterios propuestos en su informe;", "6. Decide incluir en el programa provisional de su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones el tema titulado \"Avances científicos y tecnológicos y su repercusión en la seguridad internacional\".", "-----", "[1] Véase A/45/568.", "[2] A/45/568.", "[3] A/47/355." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.22", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 62", "SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND", "THEIR IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY", "Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia,", "Sri Lanka and Venezuela: draft resolution", "Scientific and technological developments and", "their impact on international security", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that at its tenth special session, the first special session devoted to disarmament, it unanimously stressed the importance of both qualitative and quantitative measures in the process of disarmament,", "Recognizing that scientific and technological developments can have both civilian and military applications and that progress in science and technology for civilian applications needs to be maintained and encouraged,", "Noting with concern the potential in technological advances for application to military purposes, which could lead to more sophisticated weapons and new weapons systems,", "Stressing the interests of the international community in the subject and the need to follow closely the scientific and technological developments which may have a negative impact on the security environment and on the process of arms limitation and disarmament and to channel scientific and technological developments for beneficial purposes,", "Emphasizing that the proposal contained in its resolution 43/77 A of 7 December 1988 is without prejudice to research and development efforts being undertaken for peaceful purposes,", "93-60722 (E) 031193 /...", "Noting the results of the United Nations Conference on New Trends in Science and Technology: Implications for International Peace and Security, held at Sendai, Japan, from 16 to 19 April 1990, 1/ and recognizing, in this regard, the need for the scientific and policy communities to work together in dealing with the complex implications of technological change,", "1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their impact on international security\"; 2/", "2. Takes note also of the interim report of the Secretary-General 3/ submitted in pursuance of resolution 45/60 of 4 December 1990;", "3. Fully agrees that:", "(a) The international community needs to position itself better to follow the nature and direction of technological change;", "(b) The United Nations can serve as a catalyst and a clearing-house for ideas to this purpose;", "4. Calls upon the Disarmament Commission to conclude its work on agenda item 6 and to submit it to the General Assembly;", "5. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to follow scientific and technological developments in order to make an assessment of emerging \"new technologies\" and to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a framework for technology assessment guided, inter alia, by the criteria suggested in his report;", "6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their impact on international security\".", "-----", "1/ See A/45/568.", "2/ A/45/568.", "3/ A/47/355." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.1 / 48 / L.22", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 62", "SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL AVANCES AND THEIR REPERCISION IN THE", "INTERNATIONAL SECURITY", "Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia,", "Sri Lanka and Venezuela: draft resolution", "Scientific and technological developments and their impact on", "international security", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that at its tenth special session, the first special session devoted to disarmament, it unanimously stressed the importance of qualitative and quantitative measures in the disarmament process,", "Recognizing that scientific and technological developments can have applications for civil and military purposes and that scientific and technological advances for their implementation for civil purposes must be maintained and encouraged,", "Noting with concern the possibility that technological advances may be implemented for military purposes, which could lead to more sophisticated weapons and new arms systems,", "Stressing the interest of the international community in the subject and the need to monitor closely the scientific and technological developments that may have negative implications for security and the arms limitation and disarmament process, as well as to channel scientific and technological developments for beneficial purposes,", "Emphasizing that the proposal contained in its resolution 43 / 77 A of 7 December 1988 should be without prejudice to research and development for peaceful purposes,", "Noting the outcome of the United Nations conference entitled \"New trends in science and technology: implications for international peace and security,\" held in Sendai, Japan, from 16 to 19 April 1990 [1], and recognizing, in this regard, the need for scientific and political circles to work together on the complicated impact of technological change,", "1.Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their impact on international security\" [2];", "2.Also takes note of the interim report submitted by the Secretary-General [3], pursuant to resolution 45 / 60 of 4 December 1990;", "3.It fully agrees that:", "(a)The international community must be better placed to understand the nature and orientation of technological change;", "(b)The United Nations can act as a catalyst and a focal point for ideas to this end;", "4.Urges the Disarmament Commission to complete its work under agenda item 6 and to submit it to the General Assembly;", "5.Requests the Secretary-General to continue to address scientific and technological developments with a view to an assessment of emerging \"new technologies\" and to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a framework for the evaluation of technology in accordance, inter alia, with the criteria proposed in its report;", "6.Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their impact on international security.\"", "-----", "[1] See A / 45 / 568.", "[2]A / 45 / 568.", "[3]A / 47 / 355." ]	"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"
"7aNKNHsMjl6fS0fW5invQ811S0gQDr5yiSd93N9J4W4="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.1/48/L.22", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante-huitième session", "PREMIERE COMMISSION", "Point 62 de l'ordre du jour", "LES PROGRES SCIENTIFIQUES ET TECHNIQUES ET LEURS", "INCIDENCES SUR LA SECURITE INTERNATIONALE", "Bélarus, Bhoutan, Bolivie, Costa Rica, Inde, Indonésie,", "Sri Lanka et Venezuela : projet de résolution", "Les progrès scientifiques et techniques et leurs", "incidences sur la sécurité internationale", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Rappelant que, à sa dixième session extraordinaire, la première consacrée au désarmement, elle a souligné à l'unanimité l'importance que les mesures tant qualitatives que quantitatives présentent pour le processus du désarmement,", "Considérant que les nouvelles réalisations scientifiques et techniques peuvent se prêter à des applications civiles aussi bien que militaires et qu'il faut poursuivre et encourager les progrès de la science et de la technique à des fins civiles,", "Notant avec préoccupation que les progrès techniques se prêtent à des applications militaires qui risquent de contribuer à l'apparition d'armes plus perfectionnées et de nouveaux systèmes d'armes,", "Soulignant que la question met en jeu les intérêts de la communauté internationale et qu'il faut suivre de près les progrès scientifiques et techniques qui risquent de compromettre le climat de sécurité ainsi que le processus de limitation des armements et de désarmement, et les orienter vers des fins bénéfiques,", "Soulignant que la proposition contenue dans sa résolution 43/77 A du 7 décembre 1988 s'entend sans préjudice des efforts de recherche-développement entrepris à des fins pacifiques,", "Notant les résultats obtenus à la Conférence des Nations Unies sur les tendances nouvelles des sciences et des techniques : incidences sur la paix et la sécurité internationales, tenue à Sendai (Japon) du 16 au 19 avril 1990[1], et déclarant à cet égard que le monde scientifique et le monde politique doivent affronter, ensemble, les incidences complexes de l'évolution des technologies,", "1. Prend acte du rapport du Secrétaire général intitulé \"Les progrès scientifiques et techniques et leurs incidences sur la sécurité internationale\"[2];", "2. Prend acte également du rapport intérimaire du Secrétaire général[3], présenté conformément à sa résolution 45/60 du 4 décembre 1990;", "3. Se déclare, elle aussi, convaincue :", "a) Que la communauté internationale doit se mettre mieux à même de comprendre la nature et le sens de l'évolution des technologies;", "b) Que l'Organisation des Nations Unies peut servir à cet égard de catalyseur et de centre d'échange d'idées;", "4. Demande à la Conférence de désarmement de conclure ses travaux sur le point 6 de son ordre du jour et de les lui soumettre;", "5. Prie le Secrétaire général de continuer à suivre les progrès scientifiques et techniques pour pouvoir évaluer les \"technologies nouvelles\" qui apparaissent et de lui soumettre à sa quarante-neuvième session un schéma d'évaluation des technologies en s'inspirant notamment des critères qu'il propose dans son rapport;", "6. Décide d'inscrire à l'ordre du jour provisoire de sa quarante-neuvième session la question intitulée \"Les progrès scientifiques et techniques et leurs incidences sur la sécurité internationale\".", "-----", "[1] Voir A/45/568.", "[2] A/45/568.", "[3] A/47/355." ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.1/48/L.22", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "PRIMERA COMISION", "Tema 62 del programa", "AVANCES CIENTIFICOS Y TECNOLOGICOS Y SU REPERCUSION EN LA", "SEGURIDAD INTERNACIONAL", "Belarús, Bután, Bolivia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia,", "Sri Lanka y Venezuela: proyecto de resolución", "Avances científicos y tecnológicos y su repercusión en", "la seguridad internacional", "La Asamblea General,", "Recordando que en su décimo período extraordinario de sesiones, el primer período extraordinario de sesiones dedicado al desarme, destacó por unanimidad la importancia de la adopción de medidas cualitativas y cuantitativas en el proceso de desarme,", "Reconociendo que los avances científicos y tecnológicos pueden tener aplicaciones para fines civiles y militares y que hay que mantener y estimular los avances científicos y tecnológicos para su aplicación a fines civiles,", "Observando con preocupación la posibilidad de que los avances tecnológicos sean aplicados con fines militares, lo que podría dar origen a armas más perfeccionadas y nuevos sistemas de armamentos,", "Destacando el interés de la comunidad internacional en el tema y la necesidad de observar atentamente los avances científicos y tecnológicos que puedan tener consecuencias negativas para la seguridad y para el proceso de limitación de armamentos y de desarme, así como encauzar los avances científicos y tecnológicos con fines provechosos,", "Poniendo de relieve que la propuesta que figura en su resolución 43/77 A, de 7 de diciembre de 1988, debe entenderse sin perjuicio de la investigación y el desarrollo con fines pacíficos,", "Observando los resultados de la conferencia de las Naciones Unidas titulada \"Nuevas tendencias en materia de ciencia y tecnología: consecuencias para la paz y la seguridad internacionales\", celebrada en Sendai (Japón), del 16 al 19 de abril de 1990[1], y reconociendo, a este respecto, la necesidad de que los círculos científicos y políticos colaboren en relación con las complicadas repercusiones de los cambios tecnológicos,", "1. Toma nota del informe del Secretario General titulado \"Avances científicos y tecnológicos y su repercusión en la seguridad internacional\"[2];", "2. Toma nota también del informe provisional presentado por el Secretario General[3], de conformidad con la resolución 45/60, de 4 de diciembre de 1990;", "3. Concuerda plenamente en que:", "a) La comunidad internacional debe ponerse en mejores condiciones para comprender el carácter y la orientación de los cambios tecnológicos;", "b) Las Naciones Unidas pueden actuar como catalizador y como centro de coordinación de ideas con tal objeto;", "4. Insta a la Comisión de Desarme a que concluya su labor relativa al tema 6 del programa y la presente a la Asamblea General;", "5. Pide al Secretario General que siga ocupándose de los avances científicos y tecnológicos con el objeto de hacer una evaluación de las \"nuevas tecnologías\" que surjan y que le presente en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones un marco para la evaluación de la tecnología de conformidad, entre otros, con los criterios propuestos en su informe;", "6. Decide incluir en el programa provisional de su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones el tema titulado \"Avances científicos y tecnológicos y su repercusión en la seguridad internacional\".", "-----", "[1] Véase A/45/568.", "[2] A/45/568.", "[3] A/47/355." ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.22", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 62", "SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS AND THEIR", "IMPACTS ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY", "Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia,", "Sri Lanka and Venezuela: draft resolution", "Scientific and technical progress and their", "implications for international security", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that, at its tenth special session, the first special session devoted to disarmament, it unanimously stressed the importance of both qualitative and quantitative measures for the disarmament process,", "Recognizing that new scientific and technological developments can be conducive to civilian and military applications and that progress in science and technology for civilian purposes should be continued and encouraged,", "Noting with concern that technological advances are conducive to military applications that may contribute to the emergence of more sophisticated weapons and new weapons systems,", "Stressing that the issue involves the interests of the international community and that scientific and technological progress that may jeopardize the security environment, arms limitation and disarmament processes must be closely monitored and directed towards beneficial ends,", "Stressing that the proposal contained in its resolution 43/77A of 7 December 1988 shall be without prejudice to research and development efforts for peaceful purposes,", "Noting the results achieved at the United Nations Conference on Emerging Trends in Science and Technology: Implications for International Peace and Security, held in Sendai, Japan, from 16 to 19 April 1990,[1] and in this regard stating that the scientific and political world must jointly address the complex implications of technological change,", "1.Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled \"Science and technology developments and their implications for international security\";[2]", "2.Also takes note of the progress report of the Secretary-General, submitted in accordance with General Assembly resolution 45/60 of 4 December 1990;", "3.She also declares herself convinced:", "(a)That the international community should be better able to understand the nature and direction of technological change;", "(b)That the United Nations can serve as a catalyst and a clearing house for ideas in this regard;", "4.Requests the Conference on Disarmament to conclude its work on agenda item 6 and to submit it to the General Assembly;", "5.Requests the Secretary-General to continue to monitor scientific and technological progress in order to assess emerging \"new technologies\" and to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a technology assessment framework, drawing, inter alia, on the criteria proposed in his report;", "6.Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their implications for international security\".", "-----", "[1] See A/45/568.", "[2] A/45/568.", "[3] A/47/355." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.1 / 48 / L.22", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 62", "SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL AVANCES AND THEIR REPERCISION IN THE", "INTERNATIONAL SECURITY", "Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia,", "Sri Lanka and Venezuela: draft resolution", "Scientific and technological developments and their impact on", "international security", "The General Assembly,", "Recalling that at its tenth special session, the first special session devoted to disarmament, it unanimously stressed the importance of qualitative and quantitative measures in the disarmament process,", "Recognizing that scientific and technological developments can have applications for civil and military purposes and that scientific and technological advances for their implementation for civil purposes must be maintained and encouraged,", "Noting with concern the possibility that technological advances may be implemented for military purposes, which could lead to more sophisticated weapons and new arms systems,", "Stressing the interest of the international community in the subject and the need to monitor closely the scientific and technological developments that may have negative implications for security and the arms limitation and disarmament process, as well as to channel scientific and technological developments for beneficial purposes,", "Emphasizing that the proposal contained in its resolution 43 / 77 A of 7 December 1988 should be without prejudice to research and development for peaceful purposes,", "Noting the outcome of the United Nations conference entitled \"New trends in science and technology: implications for international peace and security,\" held in Sendai, Japan, from 16 to 19 April 1990 [1], and recognizing, in this regard, the need for scientific and political circles to work together on the complicated impact of technological change,", "1.Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their impact on international security\" [2];", "2.Also takes note of the interim report submitted by the Secretary-General [3], pursuant to resolution 45 / 60 of 4 December 1990;", "3.It fully agrees that:", "(a)The international community must be better placed to understand the nature and orientation of technological change;", "(b)The United Nations can act as a catalyst and a focal point for ideas to this end;", "4.Urges the Disarmament Commission to complete its work under agenda item 6 and to submit it to the General Assembly;", "5.Requests the Secretary-General to continue to address scientific and technological developments with a view to an assessment of emerging \"new technologies\" and to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session a framework for the evaluation of technology in accordance, inter alia, with the criteria proposed in its report;", "6.Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Scientific and technological developments and their impact on international security.\"", "-----", "[1] See A / 45 / 568.", "[2]A / 45 / 568.", "[3]A / 47 / 355." ]	"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"
"quytXl8o53e3cKKYYaOjv7YfzFO++Q/CuGlDonedkvM="	en	fr	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.17", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eight session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 71 (d)", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT: PROHIBITION", "OF THE DUMPING OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES", "Algeria: draft resolution", "Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind resolutions CM/Res.1153 (XLVIII) of 1988 1/ and CM/Res.1225 (L) of 1989, 2/ adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, concerning the dumping of nuclear and industrial wastes in Africa,", "Welcoming resolution GC(XXXIII)RES/509 on the dumping of nuclear wastes, adopted on 29 September 1989 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-third regular session, 3/", "Welcoming also resolution GC(XXXIV)RES/530 establishing a Code of Practice on the International Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Waste, adopted on 21 September 1990 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-fourth regular session, 4/", "__________", " Submitted on behalf of the States Members of the United Nations that are members of the Group of African States.", "1/ See A/43/398, annex I.", "2/ See A/44/603, annex I.", "3/ See International Atomic Energy Agency, Resolutions and Other Decisions of the General Conference, Thirty-third Regular Session, 25‑29 September 1989.", "4/ Ibid., Thirty-fourth Regular Session, 17-21 September 1990.", "93-60716 (E) 031193 /...", "Considering its resolution 2602 C (XXIV) of 16 December 1969, in which it requested the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament, 5/ inter alia, to consider effective methods of control against the use of radiological methods of warfare,", "Recalling resolution CM/RES.1356 (LIV) of 1991, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, on the Bamako Convention on the Ban on the Import of Hazardous Wastes into Africa and on the Control of Their Transboundary Movements within Africa, 6/", "Aware of the potential hazards underlying any use of radioactive wastes that would constitute radiological warfare and its implications for regional and international security, and in particular for the security of developing countries,", "Recalling also its resolutions 43/75 Q of 7 December 1988, 44/116 R of 15 December 1989, 45/58 K of 4 December 1990, 46/36 K of December 1991 and 47/52 D of 9 December 1992,", "Desirous of promoting the implementation of paragraph 76 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 7/", "1. Takes note of the part of the report of the Conference on Disarmament relating to a future convention on the prohibition of radiological weapons; 8/", "2. Expresses grave concern regarding any use of nuclear wastes that would constitute radiological warfare and have grave implications for the national security of all States;", "3. Calls upon all States to take appropriate measures with a view to preventing any dumping of nuclear or radioactive wastes that would infringe upon the sovereignty of States;", "4. Requests the Conference on Disarmament to take into account, in the negotiations for a convention on the prohibition of radiological weapons, radioactive wastes as part of the scope of such a convention;", "5. Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to intensify efforts towards an early conclusion of such a convention and to include in its report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session the progress recorded in the negotiations on this subject;", "__________", "5/ The Committee on Disarmament was redesignated the Conference on Disarmament as from 7 February 1984.", "6/ See A/46/390, annex I.", "7/ Resolution S-10/2.", "8/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/48/27), para. 40.", "6. Takes note of resolution CM/Res.1356 (LIV) of 1991, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of Africa Unity, on the Bamako Convention on the Ban on the Import of Hazardous Wastes into Africa and on the control of Their Transboundary Movements within Africa;", "7. Expresses the hope that the effective implementation of the International Atomic Energy Agency Code of Practice on the International Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Waste will enhance the protection of all States from the dumping of radioactive wastes on their territories;", "8. Requests the International Atomic Energy Agency to continue keeping the subject under active review, including the desirability of concluding a legally binding instrument in this field;", "9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes\".", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.1/48/L.17", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "PREMIERE COMMISSION", "Point 71 d) de l'ordre du jour", "DESARMEMENT GENERAL ET COMPLET : INTERDICTION", "DE DEVERSER DES DECHETS RADIOACTIFS", "Algérie[1] : projet de résolution", "Interdiction de déverser des déchets radioactifs", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Ayant à l'esprit les résolutions CM/Res.1153 (XLVIII) et CM/Res.1225 (L) sur le déversement des déchets nucléaires et industriels en Afrique, adoptées respectivement en 1988[2] et 1989[3] par le Conseil des ministres de l'Organisation de l'unité africaine,", "Accueillant avec satisfaction la résolution GC(XXXIII)/RES/509 sur le déversement de déchets nucléaires, adoptée le 29 septembre 1989 par la Conférence générale de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique à sa trente‑troisième session ordinaire[4],", "Accueillant également avec satisfaction la résolution GC(XXXIV)/RES/530 établissant un Code de bonne pratique sur le mouvement transfrontière international de déchets radioactifs, adoptée le 21 septembre 1990 par la Conférence générale de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique à sa trente‑quatrième session ordinaire[5],", "Considérant sa propre résolution 2602 C (XXIV) du 16 décembre 1969, dans laquelle elle a invité la Conférence du Comité du désarmement[6] à examiner, notamment, des méthodes efficaces de lutte contre le recours, aux fins de guerre, à des moyens radiologiques,", "Rappelant la résolution CM/Res.1356 (LIV), adoptée en 1991 par le Conseil des ministres de l'Organisation de l'unité africaine et consacrée à la Convention de Bamako sur l'interdiction d'importer des déchets dangereux en Afrique et sur le contrôle des mouvements transfrontières et la gestion des déchets produits en Afrique[7],", "Consciente des dangers que présente tout emploi de déchets radioactifs qui constituerait un acte de guerre radiologique ainsi que de ses incidences sur la sécurité régionale et internationale et, en particulier, sur la sécurité des pays en développement,", "Rappelant en outre ses résolutions 43/75 Q du 7 décembre 1988, 44/116 R du 15 décembre 1989, 45/58 K du 4 décembre 1990, 46/36 K du 6 décembre 1991 et 47/52 D du 9 décembre 1992,", "Désireuse d'encourager l'application du paragraphe 76 du Document final de sa dixième session extraordinaire[8],", "1. Prend acte de la partie du rapport de la Conférence du désarmement consacrée à une future convention interdisant les armes radiologiques[9];", "2. Se déclare profondément préoccupée par tout emploi de déchets nucléaires qui constituerait un acte de guerre radiologique et aurait de graves incidences sur la sécurité nationale de tous les Etats;", "3. Engage tous les Etats à prendre les mesures voulues pour empêcher tout déversement de déchets nucléaires ou radioactifs qui porterait atteinte à la souveraineté des Etats;", "4. Prie la Conférence du désarmement d'examiner, à l'occasion des négociations en cours sur une convention interdisant les armes radiologiques, la question des déchets radioactifs comme entrant dans le cadre de cette convention;", "5. Prie également la Conférence du désarmement de redoubler d'efforts en vue de conclure sans tarder une telle convention et de l'informer, dans le rapport qu'elle lui présentera à sa quarante-neuvième session, du déroulement des négociations sur la question;", "6. Prend note de la résolution CM/Res.1356 (LIV), adoptée en 1991 par le Conseil des ministres de l'Organisation de l'unité africaine et consacrée à la Convention de Bamako sur l'interdiction d'importer des déchets dangereux en Afrique et sur le contrôle des mouvements transfrontières et la gestion des déchets produits en Afrique;", "7. Exprime l'espoir que l'application effective du Code de bonne pratique de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique sur le mouvement transfrontière international de déchets radioactifs assurera à tous les Etats une meilleure protection contre le déversement de déchets radioactifs sur leur territoire;", "8. Prie l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique de continuer à suivre activement la question, y compris l'opportunité de conclure un instrument ayant force obligatoire en la matière;", "9. Décide d'inscrire à l'ordre du jour provisoire de sa quarante-neuvième session la question intitulée \"Interdiction de déverser des déchets radioactifs\".", "-----", "[1] ^(*) Au nom des Etats Membres de l'Organisation des Nations Unies qui sont membres du Groupe des Etats africains.", "[2] Voir A/43/398, annexe I.", "[3] Voir A/44/603, annexe I.", "[4] Voir Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique, Résolutions et autres décisions de la Conférence générale, trente-troisième session ordinaire, 25‑29 septembre 1989 [GC(XXXIII)/RESOLUTIONS(1989)].", "[5] Ibid., trente-quatrième session ordinaire, 17‑21 septembre 1990 [GC(XXXIV)/RESOLUTIONS(1990)].", "[6] Le Comité du désarmement a pris le nom de Conférence du désarmement le 7 février 1984.", "[7] Voir A/46/390, annexe I.", "[8] Résolution S-10/2.", "[9] Documents officiels de l'Assemblée générale, quarante‑huitième session, Supplément No 27 (A/48/27), par. 40." ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.17", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eight session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 71 (d)", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT: PROHIBITION", "OF THE DUMPING OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES", "Algeria: draft resolution", "Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind resolutions CM/Res.1153 (XLVIII) of 1988 1/ and CM/Res.1225 (L) of 1989, 2/ adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, concerning the dumping of nuclear and industrial wastes in Africa,", "Welcoming resolution GC(XXXIII)RES/509 on the dumping of nuclear wastes, adopted on 29 September 1989 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-third regular session, 3/", "Welcoming also resolution GC(XXXIV)RES/530 establishing a Code of Practice on the International Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Waste, adopted on 21 September 1990 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-fourth regular session, 4/", "__________", " Submitted on behalf of the States Members of the United Nations that are members of the Group of African States.", "1/ See A/43/398, annex I.", "2/ See A/44/603, annex I.", "3/ See International Atomic Energy Agency, Resolutions and Other Decisions of the General Conference, Thirty-third Regular Session, 25‑29 September 1989.", "4/ Ibid., Thirty-fourth Regular Session, 17-21 September 1990.", "93-60716 (E) 031193 /...", "Considering its resolution 2602 C (XXIV) of 16 December 1969, in which it requested the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament, 5/ inter alia, to consider effective methods of control against the use of radiological methods of warfare,", "Recalling resolution CM/RES.1356 (LIV) of 1991, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, on the Bamako Convention on the Ban on the Import of Hazardous Wastes into Africa and on the Control of Their Transboundary Movements within Africa, 6/", "Aware of the potential hazards underlying any use of radioactive wastes that would constitute radiological warfare and its implications for regional and international security, and in particular for the security of developing countries,", "Recalling also its resolutions 43/75 Q of 7 December 1988, 44/116 R of 15 December 1989, 45/58 K of 4 December 1990, 46/36 K of December 1991 and 47/52 D of 9 December 1992,", "Desirous of promoting the implementation of paragraph 76 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 7/", "1. Takes note of the part of the report of the Conference on Disarmament relating to a future convention on the prohibition of radiological weapons; 8/", "2. Expresses grave concern regarding any use of nuclear wastes that would constitute radiological warfare and have grave implications for the national security of all States;", "3. Calls upon all States to take appropriate measures with a view to preventing any dumping of nuclear or radioactive wastes that would infringe upon the sovereignty of States;", "4. Requests the Conference on Disarmament to take into account, in the negotiations for a convention on the prohibition of radiological weapons, radioactive wastes as part of the scope of such a convention;", "5. Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to intensify efforts towards an early conclusion of such a convention and to include in its report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session the progress recorded in the negotiations on this subject;", "__________", "5/ The Committee on Disarmament was redesignated the Conference on Disarmament as from 7 February 1984.", "6/ See A/46/390, annex I.", "7/ Resolution S-10/2.", "8/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/48/27), para. 40.", "6. Takes note of resolution CM/Res.1356 (LIV) of 1991, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of Africa Unity, on the Bamako Convention on the Ban on the Import of Hazardous Wastes into Africa and on the control of Their Transboundary Movements within Africa;", "7. Expresses the hope that the effective implementation of the International Atomic Energy Agency Code of Practice on the International Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Waste will enhance the protection of all States from the dumping of radioactive wastes on their territories;", "8. Requests the International Atomic Energy Agency to continue keeping the subject under active review, including the desirability of concluding a legally binding instrument in this field;", "9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes\".", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.17", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 71 (d)", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT: PROHIBITIONS", "TO DECESS EFFECTIVE WASTE", "Algeria[1]: draft resolution", "Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive waste", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind resolutions CM/Res.1153 (XLVIII) and CM/Res.1225 (L) on the dumping of nuclear and industrial wastes in Africa, adopted in 1988[2] and 1989[3] respectively by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity,", "Welcoming resolution GC(XXXIII)/RES/509 on the dumping of nuclear waste, adopted on 29 September 1989 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-third regular session[4],", "Welcoming also resolution GC(XXXIV)/RES/530 establishing a Code of Practice on the International Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Waste, adopted on 21 September 1990 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-fourth regular session [5],", "Considering its own resolution 2602 C (XXIV) of 16 December 1969, in which it invited the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament[6] to consider, inter alia, effective methods of combating the use of radiological means for the purposes of war,", "Recalling resolution CM/Res.1356 (LIV), adopted in 1991 by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, on the Bamako Convention on the Prohibition of the Import of Hazardous Wastes into Africa and on the Control of Transboundary Movements and the Management of Wastes Produced in Africa,[7]", "Aware of the dangers posed by any use of radioactive wastes that would constitute an act of radiological warfare and of its implications for regional and international security and, in particular, for the security of developing countries,", "Recalling further its resolutions 43/75 Q of 7 December 1988, 44/116 R of 15 December 1989, 45/58 K of 4 December 1990, 46/36 K of 6 December 1991 and 47/52 D of 9 December 1992,", "Wishing to encourage the implementation of paragraph 76 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly,[8]", "1.Takes note of the part of the report of the Conference on Disarmament on a future convention banning radiological weapons;[9]", "2.Expresses its deep concern at any use of nuclear waste that would constitute an act of radiological war and would have serious implications for the national security of all States;", "3.Calls upon all States to take the necessary measures to prevent any dumping of nuclear or radioactive wastes that would undermine the sovereignty of States;", "4.Requests the Conference on Disarmament to consider, in the ongoing negotiations on a convention banning radiological weapons, the issue of radioactive waste as part of that convention;", "5.Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to intensify its efforts to conclude such a convention without delay and to inform the Conference in its report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session of the progress of negotiations on the subject;", "6.Takes note of resolution CM/Res.1356 (LIV), adopted in 1991 by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, on the Bamako Convention on the Prohibition of the Import of Hazardous Wastes into Africa and on the Control of Transboundary Movements and Management of Wastes Produced in Africa;", "7.Expresses the hope that the effective implementation of the International Atomic Energy Agency Code of Practice on the International Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Waste will provide all States with better protection against the dumping of radioactive waste into their territories;", "8.Requests the International Atomic Energy Agency to continue to actively follow up the matter, including the desirability of concluding a legally binding instrument in this regard;", "9.Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes\".", "-----", "[1] ^(*)On behalf of the States Members of the United Nations that are members of the Group of African States.", "[2] See A/43/398, annex I.", "[3] See A/44/603, annex I.", "[4] See International Atomic Energy Agency, Resolutions and Other Decisions of the General Conference, Thirty-third Ordinary Session, 25-29 September 1989 (GC(XXXIII)/RESOLUTIONS(1989)).", "[5] Ibid., thirty-fourth regular session, 17-21 September 1990 (GC(XXXIV)/RESOLUTIONS(1990)).", "[6]The Committee on Disarmament was named the Conference on Disarmament on 7 February 1984.", "[7] See A/46/390, annex I.", "[8] Resolution S-10/2.", "[9] Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/48/27), para." ]	"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"
"bQOzfhd1V3cHSTHReAk+1Qgc2pHhIjSLDCDKafOa330="	en	es	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.17", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eight session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 71 (d)", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT: PROHIBITION", "OF THE DUMPING OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES", "Algeria: draft resolution", "Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind resolutions CM/Res.1153 (XLVIII) of 1988 1/ and CM/Res.1225 (L) of 1989, 2/ adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, concerning the dumping of nuclear and industrial wastes in Africa,", "Welcoming resolution GC(XXXIII)RES/509 on the dumping of nuclear wastes, adopted on 29 September 1989 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-third regular session, 3/", "Welcoming also resolution GC(XXXIV)RES/530 establishing a Code of Practice on the International Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Waste, adopted on 21 September 1990 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-fourth regular session, 4/", "__________", " Submitted on behalf of the States Members of the United Nations that are members of the Group of African States.", "1/ See A/43/398, annex I.", "2/ See A/44/603, annex I.", "3/ See International Atomic Energy Agency, Resolutions and Other Decisions of the General Conference, Thirty-third Regular Session, 25‑29 September 1989.", "4/ Ibid., Thirty-fourth Regular Session, 17-21 September 1990.", "93-60716 (E) 031193 /...", "Considering its resolution 2602 C (XXIV) of 16 December 1969, in which it requested the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament, 5/ inter alia, to consider effective methods of control against the use of radiological methods of warfare,", "Recalling resolution CM/RES.1356 (LIV) of 1991, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, on the Bamako Convention on the Ban on the Import of Hazardous Wastes into Africa and on the Control of Their Transboundary Movements within Africa, 6/", "Aware of the potential hazards underlying any use of radioactive wastes that would constitute radiological warfare and its implications for regional and international security, and in particular for the security of developing countries,", "Recalling also its resolutions 43/75 Q of 7 December 1988, 44/116 R of 15 December 1989, 45/58 K of 4 December 1990, 46/36 K of December 1991 and 47/52 D of 9 December 1992,", "Desirous of promoting the implementation of paragraph 76 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 7/", "1. Takes note of the part of the report of the Conference on Disarmament relating to a future convention on the prohibition of radiological weapons; 8/", "2. Expresses grave concern regarding any use of nuclear wastes that would constitute radiological warfare and have grave implications for the national security of all States;", "3. Calls upon all States to take appropriate measures with a view to preventing any dumping of nuclear or radioactive wastes that would infringe upon the sovereignty of States;", "4. Requests the Conference on Disarmament to take into account, in the negotiations for a convention on the prohibition of radiological weapons, radioactive wastes as part of the scope of such a convention;", "5. Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to intensify efforts towards an early conclusion of such a convention and to include in its report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session the progress recorded in the negotiations on this subject;", "__________", "5/ The Committee on Disarmament was redesignated the Conference on Disarmament as from 7 February 1984.", "6/ See A/46/390, annex I.", "7/ Resolution S-10/2.", "8/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/48/27), para. 40.", "6. Takes note of resolution CM/Res.1356 (LIV) of 1991, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of Africa Unity, on the Bamako Convention on the Ban on the Import of Hazardous Wastes into Africa and on the control of Their Transboundary Movements within Africa;", "7. Expresses the hope that the effective implementation of the International Atomic Energy Agency Code of Practice on the International Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Waste will enhance the protection of all States from the dumping of radioactive wastes on their territories;", "8. Requests the International Atomic Energy Agency to continue keeping the subject under active review, including the desirability of concluding a legally binding instrument in this field;", "9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes\".", "-----" ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.1/48/L.17", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "PRIMERA COMISION", "Tema 71 d) del programa", "DESARME GENERAL Y COMPLETO: PROHIBICION DEL VERTIMIENTO", "DE DESECHOS RADIACTIVOS", "Argelia[1]: proyecto de resolución", "Prohibición del vertimiento de desechos radiactivos", "La Asamblea General,", "Teniendo presentes las resoluciones CM/Res.1153 (XLVIII) de 1988[2] y CM/Res.1225 (L) de 1989[3], sobre el vertimiento de desechos nucleares e industriales en Africa, aprobadas por el Consejo de Ministros de la Organización de la Unidad Africana,", "Acogiendo con beneplácito la resolución GC (XXXIII)/RES/509 sobre el vertimiento de desechos nucleares, aprobada el 29 de septiembre de 1989 por la Conferencia General del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica en su trigésima tercera reunión ordinaria[4],", "Acogiendo también con beneplácito la resolución GC (XXXIV)/RES/530, por la que se establece un Código de Práctica sobre movimientos internacionales transfronterizos de desechos radiactivos, aprobada el 21 de septiembre de 1990 por la Conferencia General del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica en su trigésima cuarta reunión ordinaria[5],", "Teniendo en cuenta su resolución 2602 C (XXIV), de 16 de diciembre de 1969, en la que pidió a la Conferencia del Comité de Desarme[6], entre otras cosas, que examinara métodos eficaces de control del empleo de métodos radiológicos de guerra,", "Recordando la resolución CM/Res.1356 (LIV) de 1991, aprobada por el Consejo de Ministros de la Organización de la Unidad Africana sobre la Convención de Bamako relativa a la prohibición de la importación a Africa, la fiscalización de los movimientos transfronterizos y la gestión dentro de Africa de desechos peligrosos[7],", "Consciente de los peligros potenciales que plantea cualquier uso de desechos radiactivos que constituya una guerra radiológica y de sus efectos para la seguridad regional e internacional y, en particular, para la seguridad de los países en desarrollo,", "Recordando también sus resoluciones 43/75 Q, de 7 de diciembre de 1988, 44/116 R, de 15 de diciembre de 1989, 45/58 K, de 4 de diciembre de 1990, 46/36 K, de 6 de diciembre de 1991, y 47/52 D, de 9 de diciembre de 1992,", "Deseosa de promover la aplicación del párrafo 76 del Documento Final del décimo período extraordinario de sesiones de la Asamblea General[8],", "1. Toma nota de la parte del informe de la Conferencia de Desarme que se refiere a una futura convención sobre la prohibición de las armas radiológicas[9];", "2. Expresa grave preocupación con respecto a cualquier uso de desechos nucleares que constituya una guerra radiológica y tenga consecuencias graves para la seguridad nacional de todos los Estados;", "3. Exhorta a todos los Estados a que tomen medidas apropiadas para evitar cualquier vertimiento de desechos nucleares o radiactivos que viole la soberanía de los Estados;", "4. Pide a la Conferencia de Desarme que, en las negociaciones en curso relativas a una convención sobre la prohibición de las armas radiológicas, incluya los desechos radiactivos en el ámbito de dicha convención;", "5. Pide también a la Conferencia de Desarme que intensifique los esfuerzos tendientes a la pronta aprobación de esa convención y que en el informe que le ha de presentar en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones proporcione información sobre los progresos que se hayan hecho en las negociaciones en curso sobre esta cuestión;", "6. Toma nota de la resolución CM/Res.1356 (LIV) de 1991, aprobada por el Consejo de Ministros de la Organización de la Unidad Africana sobre la Convención de Bamako relativa a la prohibición de la importación a Africa, la fiscalización de los movimientos transfronterizos y la gestión dentro de Africa de desechos peligrosos;", "7. Expresa la esperanza de que mediante la aplicación efectiva del Código de Práctica sobre movimientos internacionales transfronterizos de desechos radiactivos, adoptado por el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica, se proteja mejor a todos los Estados contra el vertimiento de desechos radiactivos en sus territorios;", "8. Pide al Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica que siga examinando activamente esta cuestión, incluida la conveniencia de concertar un instrumento con fuerza jurídica obligatoria en esta esfera;", "9. Decide incluir en el programa provisional de su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones el tema titulado \"Prohibición del vertimiento de desechos radiactivos\".", "Notas", "[1] Presentado en nombre de los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas que son miembros del Grupo de Estados Africanos.", "[2] Véase A/43/398, anexo I.", "[3] Véase A/44/603, anexo I.", "[4] Véase Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica, Resoluciones y otras decisiones de la Conferencia General, trigésima tercera reunión ordinaria, 25 a 29 de septiembre de 1989.", "[5] Ibíd., trigésima cuarta reunión ordinaria, 17 a 21 de septiembre de 1990.", "[6] El Comité de Desarme fue designado Conferencia de Desarme a partir del 7 de febrero de 1984.", "[7] Véase A/46/390, anexo I.", "[8] Resolución S-10/2.", "[9] Documentos Oficiales de la Asamblea General, cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones, Suplemento No. 27 (A/48/27), párr. 40.", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED", "NATIONS", "[]", "TYPE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND CHANGE THE POSITION OF THE TAB IF NEEDED. Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.17", "3 November 1993", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 IS NOW EQUIVALENT TO LINE 3.2i. DO NOT ADD RETURNS.Forty-eight session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 71 (d)", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT: PROHIBITION", "OF THE DUMPING OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES", "Algeria: draft resolution", "Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind resolutions CM/Res.1153 (XLVIII) of 1988 1/ and CM/Res.1225 (L) of 1989, 2/ adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, concerning the dumping of nuclear and industrial wastes in Africa,", "Welcoming resolution GC(XXXIII)RES/509 on the dumping of nuclear wastes, adopted on 29 September 1989 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-third regular session, 3/", "Welcoming also resolution GC(XXXIV)RES/530 establishing a Code of Practice on the International Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Waste, adopted on 21 September 1990 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-fourth regular session, 4/", "__________", " Submitted on behalf of the States Members of the United Nations that are members of the Group of African States.", "1/ See A/43/398, annex I.", "2/ See A/44/603, annex I.", "3/ See International Atomic Energy Agency, Resolutions and Other Decisions of the General Conference, Thirty-third Regular Session, 25‑29 September 1989.", "4/ Ibid., Thirty-fourth Regular Session, 17-21 September 1990.", "93-60716 (E) 031193 /...", "Considering its resolution 2602 C (XXIV) of 16 December 1969, in which it requested the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament, 5/ inter alia, to consider effective methods of control against the use of radiological methods of warfare,", "Recalling resolution CM/RES.1356 (LIV) of 1991, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, on the Bamako Convention on the Ban on the Import of Hazardous Wastes into Africa and on the Control of Their Transboundary Movements within Africa, 6/", "Aware of the potential hazards underlying any use of radioactive wastes that would constitute radiological warfare and its implications for regional and international security, and in particular for the security of developing countries,", "Recalling also its resolutions 43/75 Q of 7 December 1988, 44/116 R of 15 December 1989, 45/58 K of 4 December 1990, 46/36 K of December 1991 and 47/52 D of 9 December 1992,", "Desirous of promoting the implementation of paragraph 76 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, 7/", "1. Takes note of the part of the report of the Conference on Disarmament relating to a future convention on the prohibition of radiological weapons; 8/", "2. Expresses grave concern regarding any use of nuclear wastes that would constitute radiological warfare and have grave implications for the national security of all States;", "3. Calls upon all States to take appropriate measures with a view to preventing any dumping of nuclear or radioactive wastes that would infringe upon the sovereignty of States;", "4. Requests the Conference on Disarmament to take into account, in the negotiations for a convention on the prohibition of radiological weapons, radioactive wastes as part of the scope of such a convention;", "5. Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to intensify efforts towards an early conclusion of such a convention and to include in its report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session the progress recorded in the negotiations on this subject;", "__________", "5/ The Committee on Disarmament was redesignated the Conference on Disarmament as from 7 February 1984.", "6/ See A/46/390, annex I.", "7/ Resolution S-10/2.", "8/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/48/27), para. 40.", "6. Takes note of resolution CM/Res.1356 (LIV) of 1991, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of Africa Unity, on the Bamako Convention on the Ban on the Import of Hazardous Wastes into Africa and on the control of Their Transboundary Movements within Africa;", "7. Expresses the hope that the effective implementation of the International Atomic Energy Agency Code of Practice on the International Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Waste will enhance the protection of all States from the dumping of radioactive wastes on their territories;", "8. Requests the International Atomic Energy Agency to continue keeping the subject under active review, including the desirability of concluding a legally binding instrument in this field;", "9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes\".", "-----" ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.1 / 48 / L.17", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 71 (d)", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT: PROHIBITION OF VERTITION", "RADIACTIVE DISECTS", "Algeria [1]: draft resolution", "Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind resolutions CM / Res.1153 (XLVIII) of 1988 [2] and CM / Res.1225 (L) of 1989 [3] on the dumping of nuclear and industrial wastes in Africa, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity,", "Welcoming resolution GC (XXXIII) / RES / 509 on the dumping of nuclear waste, adopted on 29 September 1989 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-third regular meeting [4],", "Welcoming also resolution GC (XXXIV) / RES / 530, which established a Code of Practice on International Transboundary Movements of Radioactive Waste, adopted on 21 September 1990 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-fourth regular session [5],", "Taking into account its resolution 2602 C (XXIV) of 16 December 1969, in which it requested the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament [6], inter alia, to consider effective methods of control of the use of radiological methods of war,", "Recalling resolution CM / Res.1356 (LIV) of 1991, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity on the Bamako Convention on the Prohibition of the Import into Africa, the Control of Transboundary Movements and the Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa [7],", "Aware of the potential dangers posed by any use of radioactive wastes that constitute a radiological war and of its impact on regional and international security and, in particular, on the security of developing countries,", "Recalling also its resolutions 43 / 75 Q of 7 December 1988, 44 / 116 R of 15 December 1989, 45 / 58 K of 4 December 1990, 46 / 36 K of 6 December 1991 and 47 / 52 D of 9 December 1992,", "Desirous of promoting the implementation of paragraph 76 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly [8],", "1.Takes note of the part of the report of the Conference on Disarmament on a future convention on the prohibition of radiological weapons [9];", "2.Expresses grave concern with regard to any use of nuclear waste that constitutes a radiological war and has serious consequences for the national security of all States;", "3.Calls upon all States to take appropriate measures to prevent any dumping of nuclear or radioactive wastes that violates the sovereignty of States;", "4.Requests the Conference on Disarmament, in the ongoing negotiations on a convention on the prohibition of radiological weapons, to include radioactive wastes within the scope of that convention;", "5.Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to intensify efforts towards the early adoption of that convention and to provide information in its report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session on the progress made in the ongoing negotiations on this issue;", "6.Takes note of resolution CM / Res.1356 (LIV) of 1991, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity on the Bamako Convention on the Prohibition of the Import into Africa, the Control of Transboundary Movements and the Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa;", "7.Expresses the hope that the effective implementation of the Code of Practice on International Transboundary Movements of Radioactive Waste, adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency, will better protect all States against the dumping of radioactive wastes in their territories;", "8.Requests the International Atomic Energy Agency to continue to actively consider this issue, including the desirability of concluding a legally binding instrument in this area;", "9.Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes.\"", "Notes", "[1]Submitted on behalf of the States Members of the United Nations that are members of the Group of African States.", "[2] See A / 43 / 398, annex I.", "[3] See A / 44 / 603, annex I.", "[4]See International Atomic Energy Agency, Resolutions and Other Decisions of the General Conference, Thirty-third Regular Session, 25-29 September 1989.", "[5]Ibid., Thirty-fourth Regular Session, 17-21 September 1990.", "[6]The Committee on Disarmament was appointed as Conference on Disarmament as of 7 February 1984.", "[7] See A / 46 / 390, annex I.", "[8] Resolution S-10 / 2.", "[9] Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A / 48 / 27), para. 40.", "-----" ]	"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"
"OAfSXtLcnm0rPM4CpXbgwiSOw0zHpVcpXBSg2w3iPv8="	fr	es	[ "NATIONS", "UNIES", "[]", "Taper les informations demandées et changer la position du tab si nécessaire Distr.", "LIMITEE", "A/C.1/48/L.17", "3 novembre 1993", "FRANCAIS", "ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS", "LA LIGNE 20 EQUIVAUT MAINTENANT A LA LIGNE 3.2. NE PAS METTRE DE RETOURS ADDITIONNELS.Quarante‑huitième session", "PREMIERE COMMISSION", "Point 71 d) de l'ordre du jour", "DESARMEMENT GENERAL ET COMPLET : INTERDICTION", "DE DEVERSER DES DECHETS RADIOACTIFS", "Algérie[1] : projet de résolution", "Interdiction de déverser des déchets radioactifs", "L'Assemblée générale,", "Ayant à l'esprit les résolutions CM/Res.1153 (XLVIII) et CM/Res.1225 (L) sur le déversement des déchets nucléaires et industriels en Afrique, adoptées respectivement en 1988[2] et 1989[3] par le Conseil des ministres de l'Organisation de l'unité africaine,", "Accueillant avec satisfaction la résolution GC(XXXIII)/RES/509 sur le déversement de déchets nucléaires, adoptée le 29 septembre 1989 par la Conférence générale de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique à sa trente‑troisième session ordinaire[4],", "Accueillant également avec satisfaction la résolution GC(XXXIV)/RES/530 établissant un Code de bonne pratique sur le mouvement transfrontière international de déchets radioactifs, adoptée le 21 septembre 1990 par la Conférence générale de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique à sa trente‑quatrième session ordinaire[5],", "Considérant sa propre résolution 2602 C (XXIV) du 16 décembre 1969, dans laquelle elle a invité la Conférence du Comité du désarmement[6] à examiner, notamment, des méthodes efficaces de lutte contre le recours, aux fins de guerre, à des moyens radiologiques,", "Rappelant la résolution CM/Res.1356 (LIV), adoptée en 1991 par le Conseil des ministres de l'Organisation de l'unité africaine et consacrée à la Convention de Bamako sur l'interdiction d'importer des déchets dangereux en Afrique et sur le contrôle des mouvements transfrontières et la gestion des déchets produits en Afrique[7],", "Consciente des dangers que présente tout emploi de déchets radioactifs qui constituerait un acte de guerre radiologique ainsi que de ses incidences sur la sécurité régionale et internationale et, en particulier, sur la sécurité des pays en développement,", "Rappelant en outre ses résolutions 43/75 Q du 7 décembre 1988, 44/116 R du 15 décembre 1989, 45/58 K du 4 décembre 1990, 46/36 K du 6 décembre 1991 et 47/52 D du 9 décembre 1992,", "Désireuse d'encourager l'application du paragraphe 76 du Document final de sa dixième session extraordinaire[8],", "1. Prend acte de la partie du rapport de la Conférence du désarmement consacrée à une future convention interdisant les armes radiologiques[9];", "2. Se déclare profondément préoccupée par tout emploi de déchets nucléaires qui constituerait un acte de guerre radiologique et aurait de graves incidences sur la sécurité nationale de tous les Etats;", "3. Engage tous les Etats à prendre les mesures voulues pour empêcher tout déversement de déchets nucléaires ou radioactifs qui porterait atteinte à la souveraineté des Etats;", "4. Prie la Conférence du désarmement d'examiner, à l'occasion des négociations en cours sur une convention interdisant les armes radiologiques, la question des déchets radioactifs comme entrant dans le cadre de cette convention;", "5. Prie également la Conférence du désarmement de redoubler d'efforts en vue de conclure sans tarder une telle convention et de l'informer, dans le rapport qu'elle lui présentera à sa quarante-neuvième session, du déroulement des négociations sur la question;", "6. Prend note de la résolution CM/Res.1356 (LIV), adoptée en 1991 par le Conseil des ministres de l'Organisation de l'unité africaine et consacrée à la Convention de Bamako sur l'interdiction d'importer des déchets dangereux en Afrique et sur le contrôle des mouvements transfrontières et la gestion des déchets produits en Afrique;", "7. Exprime l'espoir que l'application effective du Code de bonne pratique de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique sur le mouvement transfrontière international de déchets radioactifs assurera à tous les Etats une meilleure protection contre le déversement de déchets radioactifs sur leur territoire;", "8. Prie l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique de continuer à suivre activement la question, y compris l'opportunité de conclure un instrument ayant force obligatoire en la matière;", "9. Décide d'inscrire à l'ordre du jour provisoire de sa quarante-neuvième session la question intitulée \"Interdiction de déverser des déchets radioactifs\".", "-----", "[1] ^(*) Au nom des Etats Membres de l'Organisation des Nations Unies qui sont membres du Groupe des Etats africains.", "[2] Voir A/43/398, annexe I.", "[3] Voir A/44/603, annexe I.", "[4] Voir Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique, Résolutions et autres décisions de la Conférence générale, trente-troisième session ordinaire, 25‑29 septembre 1989 [GC(XXXIII)/RESOLUTIONS(1989)].", "[5] Ibid., trente-quatrième session ordinaire, 17‑21 septembre 1990 [GC(XXXIV)/RESOLUTIONS(1990)].", "[6] Le Comité du désarmement a pris le nom de Conférence du désarmement le 7 février 1984.", "[7] Voir A/46/390, annexe I.", "[8] Résolution S-10/2.", "[9] Documents officiels de l'Assemblée générale, quarante‑huitième session, Supplément No 27 (A/48/27), par. 40." ]	[ "NACIONES", "UNIDAS[]", "Favor de no borrar ningún código antes de este mensaje. Use Control F para entrar al footer que contiene el número de trabajo.", "Distr.", "LIMITADA", "A/C.1/48/L.17", "3 de noviembre de 1993", "ESPAÑOL", "ORIGINAL: INGLES", "Cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones", "PRIMERA COMISION", "Tema 71 d) del programa", "DESARME GENERAL Y COMPLETO: PROHIBICION DEL VERTIMIENTO", "DE DESECHOS RADIACTIVOS", "Argelia[1]: proyecto de resolución", "Prohibición del vertimiento de desechos radiactivos", "La Asamblea General,", "Teniendo presentes las resoluciones CM/Res.1153 (XLVIII) de 1988[2] y CM/Res.1225 (L) de 1989[3], sobre el vertimiento de desechos nucleares e industriales en Africa, aprobadas por el Consejo de Ministros de la Organización de la Unidad Africana,", "Acogiendo con beneplácito la resolución GC (XXXIII)/RES/509 sobre el vertimiento de desechos nucleares, aprobada el 29 de septiembre de 1989 por la Conferencia General del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica en su trigésima tercera reunión ordinaria[4],", "Acogiendo también con beneplácito la resolución GC (XXXIV)/RES/530, por la que se establece un Código de Práctica sobre movimientos internacionales transfronterizos de desechos radiactivos, aprobada el 21 de septiembre de 1990 por la Conferencia General del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica en su trigésima cuarta reunión ordinaria[5],", "Teniendo en cuenta su resolución 2602 C (XXIV), de 16 de diciembre de 1969, en la que pidió a la Conferencia del Comité de Desarme[6], entre otras cosas, que examinara métodos eficaces de control del empleo de métodos radiológicos de guerra,", "Recordando la resolución CM/Res.1356 (LIV) de 1991, aprobada por el Consejo de Ministros de la Organización de la Unidad Africana sobre la Convención de Bamako relativa a la prohibición de la importación a Africa, la fiscalización de los movimientos transfronterizos y la gestión dentro de Africa de desechos peligrosos[7],", "Consciente de los peligros potenciales que plantea cualquier uso de desechos radiactivos que constituya una guerra radiológica y de sus efectos para la seguridad regional e internacional y, en particular, para la seguridad de los países en desarrollo,", "Recordando también sus resoluciones 43/75 Q, de 7 de diciembre de 1988, 44/116 R, de 15 de diciembre de 1989, 45/58 K, de 4 de diciembre de 1990, 46/36 K, de 6 de diciembre de 1991, y 47/52 D, de 9 de diciembre de 1992,", "Deseosa de promover la aplicación del párrafo 76 del Documento Final del décimo período extraordinario de sesiones de la Asamblea General[8],", "1. Toma nota de la parte del informe de la Conferencia de Desarme que se refiere a una futura convención sobre la prohibición de las armas radiológicas[9];", "2. Expresa grave preocupación con respecto a cualquier uso de desechos nucleares que constituya una guerra radiológica y tenga consecuencias graves para la seguridad nacional de todos los Estados;", "3. Exhorta a todos los Estados a que tomen medidas apropiadas para evitar cualquier vertimiento de desechos nucleares o radiactivos que viole la soberanía de los Estados;", "4. Pide a la Conferencia de Desarme que, en las negociaciones en curso relativas a una convención sobre la prohibición de las armas radiológicas, incluya los desechos radiactivos en el ámbito de dicha convención;", "5. Pide también a la Conferencia de Desarme que intensifique los esfuerzos tendientes a la pronta aprobación de esa convención y que en el informe que le ha de presentar en su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones proporcione información sobre los progresos que se hayan hecho en las negociaciones en curso sobre esta cuestión;", "6. Toma nota de la resolución CM/Res.1356 (LIV) de 1991, aprobada por el Consejo de Ministros de la Organización de la Unidad Africana sobre la Convención de Bamako relativa a la prohibición de la importación a Africa, la fiscalización de los movimientos transfronterizos y la gestión dentro de Africa de desechos peligrosos;", "7. Expresa la esperanza de que mediante la aplicación efectiva del Código de Práctica sobre movimientos internacionales transfronterizos de desechos radiactivos, adoptado por el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica, se proteja mejor a todos los Estados contra el vertimiento de desechos radiactivos en sus territorios;", "8. Pide al Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica que siga examinando activamente esta cuestión, incluida la conveniencia de concertar un instrumento con fuerza jurídica obligatoria en esta esfera;", "9. Decide incluir en el programa provisional de su cuadragésimo noveno período de sesiones el tema titulado \"Prohibición del vertimiento de desechos radiactivos\".", "Notas", "[1] Presentado en nombre de los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas que son miembros del Grupo de Estados Africanos.", "[2] Véase A/43/398, anexo I.", "[3] Véase A/44/603, anexo I.", "[4] Véase Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica, Resoluciones y otras decisiones de la Conferencia General, trigésima tercera reunión ordinaria, 25 a 29 de septiembre de 1989.", "[5] Ibíd., trigésima cuarta reunión ordinaria, 17 a 21 de septiembre de 1990.", "[6] El Comité de Desarme fue designado Conferencia de Desarme a partir del 7 de febrero de 1984.", "[7] Véase A/46/390, anexo I.", "[8] Resolución S-10/2.", "[9] Documentos Oficiales de la Asamblea General, cuadragésimo octavo período de sesiones, Suplemento No. 27 (A/48/27), párr. 40.", "-----" ]	[ "NATIONS", "UNITED NATIONS", "[]", "Type the requested information and change the tab position if necessary Distr.", "LIMITED", "A/C.1/48/L.17", "3 November 1993", "FRENCH", "ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "LINE 20 EQUIVING NOW ON LINE 3.2.DO NOT RETURN ADDITIONAL RETURNS.Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 71 (d)", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT: PROHIBITIONS", "TO DECESS EFFECTIVE WASTE", "Algeria[1]: draft resolution", "Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive waste", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind resolutions CM/Res.1153 (XLVIII) and CM/Res.1225 (L) on the dumping of nuclear and industrial wastes in Africa, adopted in 1988[2] and 1989[3] respectively by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity,", "Welcoming resolution GC(XXXIII)/RES/509 on the dumping of nuclear waste, adopted on 29 September 1989 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-third regular session[4],", "Welcoming also resolution GC(XXXIV)/RES/530 establishing a Code of Practice on the International Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Waste, adopted on 21 September 1990 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-fourth regular session [5],", "Considering its own resolution 2602 C (XXIV) of 16 December 1969, in which it invited the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament[6] to consider, inter alia, effective methods of combating the use of radiological means for the purposes of war,", "Recalling resolution CM/Res.1356 (LIV), adopted in 1991 by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, on the Bamako Convention on the Prohibition of the Import of Hazardous Wastes into Africa and on the Control of Transboundary Movements and the Management of Wastes Produced in Africa,[7]", "Aware of the dangers posed by any use of radioactive wastes that would constitute an act of radiological warfare and of its implications for regional and international security and, in particular, for the security of developing countries,", "Recalling further its resolutions 43/75 Q of 7 December 1988, 44/116 R of 15 December 1989, 45/58 K of 4 December 1990, 46/36 K of 6 December 1991 and 47/52 D of 9 December 1992,", "Wishing to encourage the implementation of paragraph 76 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly,[8]", "1.Takes note of the part of the report of the Conference on Disarmament on a future convention banning radiological weapons;[9]", "2.Expresses its deep concern at any use of nuclear waste that would constitute an act of radiological war and would have serious implications for the national security of all States;", "3.Calls upon all States to take the necessary measures to prevent any dumping of nuclear or radioactive wastes that would undermine the sovereignty of States;", "4.Requests the Conference on Disarmament to consider, in the ongoing negotiations on a convention banning radiological weapons, the issue of radioactive waste as part of that convention;", "5.Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to intensify its efforts to conclude such a convention without delay and to inform the Conference in its report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session of the progress of negotiations on the subject;", "6.Takes note of resolution CM/Res.1356 (LIV), adopted in 1991 by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity, on the Bamako Convention on the Prohibition of the Import of Hazardous Wastes into Africa and on the Control of Transboundary Movements and Management of Wastes Produced in Africa;", "7.Expresses the hope that the effective implementation of the International Atomic Energy Agency Code of Practice on the International Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Waste will provide all States with better protection against the dumping of radioactive waste into their territories;", "8.Requests the International Atomic Energy Agency to continue to actively follow up the matter, including the desirability of concluding a legally binding instrument in this regard;", "9.Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes\".", "-----", "[1] ^(*)On behalf of the States Members of the United Nations that are members of the Group of African States.", "[2] See A/43/398, annex I.", "[3] See A/44/603, annex I.", "[4] See International Atomic Energy Agency, Resolutions and Other Decisions of the General Conference, Thirty-third Ordinary Session, 25-29 September 1989 (GC(XXXIII)/RESOLUTIONS(1989)).", "[5] Ibid., thirty-fourth regular session, 17-21 September 1990 (GC(XXXIV)/RESOLUTIONS(1990)).", "[6]The Committee on Disarmament was named the Conference on Disarmament on 7 February 1984.", "[7] See A/46/390, annex I.", "[8] Resolution S-10/2.", "[9] Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/48/27), para." ]	[ "UNITED NATIONS", "NATIONS []", "Please do not delete any code before this message.Use Control F to enter the footer containing the working number.", "Distr.", "LIMITED", "A / C.1 / 48 / L.17", "3 November 1993", "ENGLISH", "ORIGINAL: ENGLISH", "Forty-eighth session", "FIRST COMMITTEE", "Agenda item 71 (d)", "GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT: PROHIBITION OF VERTITION", "RADIACTIVE DISECTS", "Algeria [1]: draft resolution", "Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes", "The General Assembly,", "Bearing in mind resolutions CM / Res.1153 (XLVIII) of 1988 [2] and CM / Res.1225 (L) of 1989 [3] on the dumping of nuclear and industrial wastes in Africa, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity,", "Welcoming resolution GC (XXXIII) / RES / 509 on the dumping of nuclear waste, adopted on 29 September 1989 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-third regular meeting [4],", "Welcoming also resolution GC (XXXIV) / RES / 530, which established a Code of Practice on International Transboundary Movements of Radioactive Waste, adopted on 21 September 1990 by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency at its thirty-fourth regular session [5],", "Taking into account its resolution 2602 C (XXIV) of 16 December 1969, in which it requested the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament [6], inter alia, to consider effective methods of control of the use of radiological methods of war,", "Recalling resolution CM / Res.1356 (LIV) of 1991, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity on the Bamako Convention on the Prohibition of the Import into Africa, the Control of Transboundary Movements and the Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa [7],", "Aware of the potential dangers posed by any use of radioactive wastes that constitute a radiological war and of its impact on regional and international security and, in particular, on the security of developing countries,", "Recalling also its resolutions 43 / 75 Q of 7 December 1988, 44 / 116 R of 15 December 1989, 45 / 58 K of 4 December 1990, 46 / 36 K of 6 December 1991 and 47 / 52 D of 9 December 1992,", "Desirous of promoting the implementation of paragraph 76 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly [8],", "1.Takes note of the part of the report of the Conference on Disarmament on a future convention on the prohibition of radiological weapons [9];", "2.Expresses grave concern with regard to any use of nuclear waste that constitutes a radiological war and has serious consequences for the national security of all States;", "3.Calls upon all States to take appropriate measures to prevent any dumping of nuclear or radioactive wastes that violates the sovereignty of States;", "4.Requests the Conference on Disarmament, in the ongoing negotiations on a convention on the prohibition of radiological weapons, to include radioactive wastes within the scope of that convention;", "5.Also requests the Conference on Disarmament to intensify efforts towards the early adoption of that convention and to provide information in its report to the General Assembly at its forty-ninth session on the progress made in the ongoing negotiations on this issue;", "6.Takes note of resolution CM / Res.1356 (LIV) of 1991, adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity on the Bamako Convention on the Prohibition of the Import into Africa, the Control of Transboundary Movements and the Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa;", "7.Expresses the hope that the effective implementation of the Code of Practice on International Transboundary Movements of Radioactive Waste, adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency, will better protect all States against the dumping of radioactive wastes in their territories;", "8.Requests the International Atomic Energy Agency to continue to actively consider this issue, including the desirability of concluding a legally binding instrument in this area;", "9.Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session the item entitled \"Prohibition of the dumping of radioactive wastes.\"", "Notes", "[1]Submitted on behalf of the States Members of the United Nations that are members of the Group of African States.", "[2] See A / 43 / 398, annex I.", "[3] See A / 44 / 603, annex I.", "[4]See International Atomic Energy Agency, Resolutions and Other Decisions of the General Conference, Thirty-third Regular Session, 25-29 September 1989.", "[5]Ibid., Thirty-fourth Regular Session, 17-21 September 1990.", "[6]The Committee on Disarmament was appointed as Conference on Disarmament as of 7 February 1984.", "[7] See A / 46 / 390, annex I.", "[8] Resolution S-10 / 2.", "[9] Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A / 48 / 27), para. 40.", "-----" ]	"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"