query stringlengths 1.39k 3.72k | positive stringlengths 257 2.18k | negative stringlengths 45.9k 75.6k |
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This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['economic policy society immigration house believes developing nations should The government has a right to make some decisions on behalf of the people, but not any decision. Once the state acts against one group of people to further the interest of an already privileged group of people it loses this right as the stat... | ['Freedom of Choice We live in a free society, and accept that people have the right to do as they please; including exposing themselves to risk, as long as in so doing they do not harm others (Mill’s harm principle).1 To deny people the right to choose to take drugs that are still undergoing testing that, whilst the... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['media modern culture international africa house believes african nations should Educational campaigns can and do work on many issues. However, they can only do so much in terms of making genuine progress. If you want to change attitudes – generally subconscious – more concrete action is needed. Legislation affects ev... | ['media modern culture international africa house believes african nations should They fuel colourism in society Allowing the use of racial overtones – the perception that a product will bring a person towards a “white ideal” is harmful for several reasons. It could cause communities to generate a form of inferiority ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['conomic policy eurozone crisis finance international europe politics government It is not necessarily true that the whole banking sector in Greece would collapse. Given that the default would be orderly and take place within the context of the European Union, the ECB and European Commission would still provide substa... | ['ic policy eurozone crisis finance international europe politics government Defaulting would cause chaos in Greece There is no good solution for the crisis Greece finds itself in, only less bad ones. Austerity measures imposed on Greece may currently be causing suffering, but austerity is the least bad option availab... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['imate water international africa global house believes seychelles should States can get very worked up about very small pieces of land. Size appears to matter little when the issue is one of sovereignty. For that matter neither does the worth of the land or the population living on it. A great many of the world’s hot... | ['imate water international africa global house believes seychelles should Moving is an imperative It is clear that if the Seychelles wishes to remain as a sovereign nation it will have to relocate almost all of its population and it makes sense for this to be in one place so keeping the nation together. The way to do... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['ethics life kill one save many junior Our feelings are clouded by the way the situation is presented and so we cannot use feeling as a way to decide what to do. For example, most people instinctively say that they would pull the lever to save the five people. However, if the case is presented differently and to save ... | ['Intuitively, it is possible to understand that participating in a decision to kill is a priori wrong While simply consulting our moral intuitions case-by-case is not always reliable (indeed many people have contradictory moral intuitions), certain moral intuitions are needed in order to morally theorize. If a moral ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['europe global human rights house believes european union should lift its China is increasingly able to develop its own high tech weapons so by continuing to have a ban in place will make very little difference to China’s capacity to build high tech weapons. This is shown by China’s unveiling of a prototype stealth fi... | ['europe global human rights house believes european union should lift its A code of conduct is needed not a ban The current arms ban is purely symbolic. China is already able to buy a range of military items from Europe ($555 million worth in 2003) [1] and the USA, which has a similar "ban" on weapons sales to China.... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['media modern culture pornography society gender family house believes feminist Pornography does not objectify people, for they are portrayed as acting. Objects do not act, subjects do. Telling people what they cannot do is a greater loss of identity than any way by which they may be portrayed by pornography, for onl... | ['media modern culture pornography society gender family house believes feminist Pornography liberates women Pornography is massively produced and distributed: this provides women with a vast platform through which to define their sexual identity. This has been a great tool in the past: in the 1920’s America, the flap... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['global house believes united nations has failed The UN has been only one among many organisations which have shaped the modern doctrine of international law. More influential in developing our contemporary understanding of human rights, arguably, was the worldwide horror at the Holocaust, Nuremberg war crimes trials,... | ['Catalans clearly want self determination Every peoples has the right to self determination. This is enshrined in the UN Charter right at the start in Article 1 as a purpose of the United Nations “To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['healthcare deny organs non donors Even granting the premise that people ought to donate their organs anyway, the role of the state is not to coerce people to do things they ought to do. People ought to be polite to strangers, exercise regularly, and make good career choices, but the government rightly leaves people f... | ['healthcare deny organs non donors Denying organs to non-donors is unduly coercive. For the state to make organ donation mandatory is rightly seen as beyond the pale of what society would tolerate. This is because the right to the integrity of one’s body, including what is done with its component parts after death, m... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['global house would create international treatyban cyber attacks While there are bans on certain weapons these are because such weapons are considered beyond the pale. This is either because they are horrifying as in the case of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, or indiscriminate as with land mines. This does ... | ['global house would create international treatyban cyber attacks A treaty would benefit larger powers over the small Any treaty that seeks to ban cyber-attacks would simply be an attempt to cement the position of the most powerful countries at the expense of weaker ones. This is because cyber-attacks are, like terror... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['economic policy economy general international americas house supports creation Free trade does not benefit everyone equally. Rich corporations from developed countries are not interested in growth in developing nations; they are interested in making profits. They just view developing nations as sources for cheap labo... | ['Free trade promotes growth in all countries. Through global competition, specialization, and access to technology, free trade and openness allow countries to grow faster—India and China started in the 1980s with restrictive trade policies, but as they have liberalized they have also improved their growth enormously1... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ["europe politics voting house would hold referendum any new eu treaty The Lisbon Treaty is limited in significance and has less problematic superstate aspects that the Constitutional treaty of 2004 such as an official flag, anthem and bill of citizen's rights [1]. The Constitution wanted to found the European Union on... | ['europe politics voting house would hold referendum any new eu treaty Reform treaties are too important to be left to politicians of the day Decisions that affect the national sovereignty of a country should not just be left to elected politicians who have power for a limited time but should be given to the citizens ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['economic policy international africa society gender house believes feminisation Within Gender and Development the importance of bringing men into the picture of gender discrimination has been recognised. Therefore working with men will change enable gender roles to be changed.'] | ['economic policy international africa society gender house believes feminisation The relation between employment, money, and household poverty is not a simple correlation when we consider the type of jobs women are entering. In developing countries work in the informal economy is a large source of women’s employment (... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['tax house supports progressive tax rate While tax codes are complicated, their sophistication is not justification for their abolition. Rather, progressive systems can be more streamlined. New Zealand can be used as an example where a progressive taxation system is also simple, it has been praised by the OSCE; [1] in... | ['tax house supports progressive tax rate Those able to pay more should pay more into the tax system The wealthy have more disposable income and are more financially secure than are the poor and economically tenuous. For this reason, a progressive system of taxation puts the tax burden more heavily on the wealthy whic... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['crime policing law general punishment society house would disclose previous The verdict of an individual trial should not be predicated on trials which have already been carried out and concluded. The evidence which is being ‘withheld’ here is in fact irrelevant to the case at hand. While these countries recognise th... | ['crime policing law general punishment society house would disclose previous Jurors are already aware of information which might ‘bias’ their verdict. Jurors are frequently affected by media coverage of particular cases, which makes it almost impossible for them to remain impartial in the idealistic way which opposit... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['traditions house believes compensation should be paid those who have had their Compensation may be fundamental, but only when it is possible to quantify the harm, and decide who the harm was done to. With cultural appropriation both are often muddy. Taking a part of culture may not have a monetary benefit for the one... | ['traditions house believes compensation should be paid those who have had their Compensation has the potential to reverse damaged caused by Cultural Appropriation. Compensation is necessary in the case of cultural appropriation as it helps to provide victims with the resources they need or deserve as compensation for... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['defence science science general house supports development missile defence Anti-ballistic missile systems are a largely unproven technology, and still have many problems that do not make them a viable option for strategic defense, at least not at present. Furthermore, there is the excessively high cost of designing a... | ['defence science science general house supports development missile defence The political consequences of the system make the world less safe Many countries look upon the national missile defense program of the United States as a serious threat to their security. Russia stands at the forefront of this group, and has ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['tax health health general healthcare weight house would implement fat tax Choosing to introduce a new policy based on experience with a different, seemingly similar case, is not a good idea. Tobacco and fatty food are vastly different things for a couple of reasons. An obvious one is the fact that fat is in fact nec... | ['tax health health general healthcare weight house would implement fat tax A fat tax levels out the playing field for healthier food An important reason why people continuously turn to unhealthy, fat, sugar and salt laden food, is the simple fact that it’s often cheaper than a more wholesome meal comprised at least i... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['censorship ip internet digital freedoms access information house would censor While in a tiny minority of cases, such social networking sites can be used malevolently, they can also be a powerful force for good. For example, many social networking pages campaign for the end to issues such as domestic abuse [1] and ra... | ['censorship ip internet digital freedoms access information house would censor The Internet may be a global resource, but if information on it is have a detrimental effect upon a particular country, it certainly is that government’s responsibility and right to tackle it. If it affects their society and the citizens wi... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['imate water international africa global house believes seychelles should Unlike the Maldives or Kiribati the Seychelles will still have a small amount of land. [1] The government could establish a permanent outpost even if it does have difficulties with water supplies. The Seychelles would therefore be able to mainta... | ['This policy is an illegitimate breach of national sovereignty Asylum is a concept reserved for the direst cases of political persecution of individuals. It was created as a last resort protection mechanism for people being unlawfully or unjustly pursued by their home country when no other form of protection will wor... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ["onal europe politics defence leadership house favours common eu foreign policy The position of High Representative will be, and has been, largely powerless, because the member states have such divergent interests that agreement will be rare, and that attempts to devise a common foreign policy for the EU are doomed. B... | ['europe politics defence leadership house favours common eu foreign policy The High Representative will be a catalyst and a facilitator for decision-making. The High Representative will not only act as a spokesman for EU nations when they agree on foreign policies, but will act as a catalyst around which external pol... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['political philosophy house believes civil liberties should be sacrificed If the opposition is citing examples from history then there are just as many examples, if not more, of western governments resisting the corrupting effects of increased power and turning not from good into evil intentions. The fact of the matte... | ['Internment without trial undermines democratic values. Rights are needed to protect the few as well as the many, otherwise there would be no need for them in a democracy. Indefinite detention and lack of a normal public trial undermine the key values of habeas corpus and the presumption of innocence. The Fifth Amend... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ["global middle east house would arm syrian rebels The strategic situation in Syria is nothing like that which meant the US felt it could not withdraw from Vietnam. There is no line of 'dominos' that could be knocked over in a row as a result of a victory by the Syrian government. Far from it, some of Syria's neighbour... | ['global middle east house would arm syrian rebels Unforeseeable consequences We do not know where arming the rebels will lead. The most obvious parallel has to be Afghanistan in the 1980s where the United States armed the mujahideen and succeeded in their objective of damaging the USSR through a war of attrition much... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['human rights international law politics government warpeace house would recognise It is always in the best interest of victims for war criminals to be brought to justice, even if in the intermediate period there is a great deal of stress and suppressed grief. The ICC has the power not only to punish war criminals wit... | ["human rights international law politics government warpeace house would recognise The ICC does not offer lasting peace to victims, but can instead re-open old wounds. 'It is by no means clear that 'justice' as defined by the Court and Prosecutor is always consistent with the attainable political resolution of serious... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['africa global house believes former colonial powers should pay reparations Most of the Western world is currently undergoing a financial crisis [1] . However prosperous these former colonies might have been, in the modern world they simply do not have the money to provide reparations to these countries on any scale w... | ['africa global house believes former colonial powers should pay reparations Reparations would be a step towards closing colonial scars. It is difficult for former colonies to feel as if they can move on and develop a wholly independent identity when their ties to the past, and to their former colonisers, have not bee... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['human rights philosophy ethics politics terrorism house would use torture obtain What about a biological bomb in a small town killing a few thousand. Or a lunatic with an M16 in a village killing fifty? Or preventing a single murder or rape? Anyone attempting to support the resolution must give a clear explanation of... | ['human rights philosophy ethics politics terrorism house would use torture obtain Time is of the essence in a crisis. When confronted with extremists who see a virtue in their own death, extraordinary methods may be required. The use of force and fear in enhanced interrogation gives quick results. In the event of a b... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['warpeace science internet house would consider large scale cyber attack act war A definition of aggression in traditional warfare is the act that threatens sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another state [26] – a definition which is expected to be used with cyber attacks too. It is highl... | ["warpeace science internet house would consider large scale cyber attack act war Cyber attacks can do serious damage to the state Large scale cyber attacks can result in substantial harms to the state equivalent to those of an armed attack. Many states are dependent on flawless functioning of government and financial... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['law general house would place cameras courtrooms televise court cases When people take the time and effort to visit the law courts and watch a case, it is a formal, regulated atmosphere. If this were televised, it would become closer to ‘entertainment’ than to fair, legal proceedings. It becomes a human interest stor... | ['law general house would place cameras courtrooms televise court cases Witnesses and jurors could easily become involved in the media coverage of the case and place the trial at jeopardy. Newspaper interviews with witnesses have already caused trials to be cancelled in the past [1] because the judiciary recognises th... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ["government religion church religion general secularism house would ban religious Intolerant schools cause more problems for not allowing freedom of religious expression. In a multicultural society, students should be aware of the different religious practices and cultural traditions of their classmates, and be taught... | ["government religion church religion general secularism house would ban religious Religious symbols cause problems in schools. As well as division in society in general, religious symbols are also a source of division within school environments. The Hijab causes schools many problems. It is potentially divisive in th... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['eral philosophy political philosophy house would limit right trial jury some First, eliminating trial by jury may make other countries less willing to cooperate with us, reducing the amount of information we have about international terrorism. For example, the United States’ decision to eliminate juries from terroris... | ['eral philosophy political philosophy house would limit right trial jury some It may be necessary to limit trial by jury in cases where it is impossible to recruit an impartial jury. Especially in cases of nationalist conflict or terrorist attacks, it may be extremely difficult to have a non-biased jury. In Northern ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['disease health general sex sexuality house believes employees should be compelled Employers have a right to know about issue which will affect their business. An employee with a serious incurable illness which requires a large amount of medication to control is inevitably going to affect the business in a way that th... | ['disease health general sex sexuality house believes employees should be compelled It’s in the interests of employers It’s in the interests of employers. A long, incurable and debilitating condition has stricken one of their employees. They will have to make provision for possible sickness cover and replacement worke... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['media modern culture international africa house believes african nations should States can and do ban products that are physically or socially harmful – that’s not illiberalism, it is common sense. It clearly does not suggest that non-white women do not have the capacity; white countries such as the USA engage in sim... | ['addiction healthcare international africa house believes ghanas ban smoking public Paternalistic Personal autonomy has to be the key to this debate. If people want to smoke – and the owner of the public place has no issue with that – it is not the role of the state to step in. While smoking is dangerous, people shou... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['punishment house would make fines relative income Even if a fine is made proportional to income, you will not get the equality of impact you desire. This is because the impact is not proportional simply to income, but must take into account a number of other factors. For example, someone supporting a family will face... | ['punishment house would make fines relative income A flat rate is more just A fine ought to be proportionate to the severity of the crime committed, not the income of the offender. It is fundamental that the justice system should treat all offenders equally; if two people commit the same crime in the same circumstanc... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['eneral punishment politics government house would grant politicians immunity The difference between the harm to the office of a politician getting away with a crime and the harm from them being tried for that crime is that the trial is inherently public. Short of widespread corruption – the sort that would probably p... | ['eneral punishment politics government house would grant politicians immunity In the event of major abuses of power it should be the public that holds politicians to account. The obvious benefit to prosecuting politicians is that it punishes – and thereby deters – corruption by politicians. However, this benefit can ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['healthcare deny organs non donors In reality, the majority of faiths that ban organ donation, and all of the faiths that feel particularly strongly about it, such as certain branches of the Jehovah’s Witness with regard to blood transfusions {Blood – Vital for Life}, also ban accepting foreign organs. In such cases, ... | ['healthcare deny organs non donors Denying organs to non-donors is unduly coercive. For the state to make organ donation mandatory is rightly seen as beyond the pale of what society would tolerate. This is because the right to the integrity of one’s body, including what is done with its component parts after death, m... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['human rights philosophy ethics politics terrorism house would use torture obtain No amount of legal niceties would bring any comfort to the families of those slaughtered in terrorist atrocities around the world. When you are fighting an enemy that has no time for the European Convention on Human Rights, the US Bill o... | ['As criminals and terrorists adapt to modern times, so should the law. If the principles of law are responsible for a failure to act which ultimately leads to criminals walking free and crimes being repeatedly committed, then the law has failed to serve the society it was built for [1] . The principles of law are mean... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['conomic policy economy general international europe politics government house This theory does not transfer to practice successfully. Questions of lifestyle (such as holidays) under the Euro cannot be treated in isolation. Converting to the Euro will have a series of knock –on effects which are all interconnected, af... | ['conomic policy economy general international europe politics government house Britain will lose economically if she stays out of the Euro over the long term. Joining the European single currency (the Euro) may appear unfavourable to Britain, but the negative effect of not joining would be more unfavourable. As expla... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['eneral politics politics general house would limit right bear arms Shooting is a major sport enjoyed by many law-abiding people, both in gun clubs with purpose-built ranges and as a field sport. These people have the right to continue with their chosen leisure pursuit, on which they have spent large amounts of money ... | ['eneral politics politics general house would limit right bear arms Shooting as a sport has the potential to desensitize people to the lethal nature of all firearms, creating a gun culture that glamorizes and legitimizes unnecessary gun ownership.', 'eneral politics politics general house would limit right bear arms S... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ["media television house believes advertising harmful Adverts which use very sly methods like subliminal images (images which are shown so quickly the viewer doesn't consciously realise they saw them) are already banned. The other forms of advertising are just companies being creative. There is no difference from super... | ["media television house believes advertising harmful There are too many advertisements in everyday life. The sheer volume of advertising in our society is incredible. You cannot watch television, ride on a bus or even walk down the street without someone trying to sell you something or inform you of something. Recent... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['economic policy international africa society gender house believes feminisation The relation between employment, money, and household poverty is not a simple correlation when we consider the type of jobs women are entering. In developing countries work in the informal economy is a large source of women’s employment (... | ['finance international africa house would provide access microfinance unbanked Small is beautiful: community empowerment Microfinance is empowering the communities that are using it - showing in development, small is beautiful. Communities are empowered to change their conditions. For example taking the case of savin... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['y political philosophy politics government voting house would make voting This idea is nonsense. Political parties do try and capture the ‘disadvantaged groups’ vote, specifically in order to convince them that voting is in their best interest. As opposed to compulsory voting, a voluntary system in fact encourages po... | ["y political philosophy politics government voting house would make voting It will cause more people to become interested in politics Compulsory voting increases the number of people who cast their vote 1. People who know they will have to vote will take politics more seriously and start to take a more active role. C... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['edia politics voting house believes film stars music stars and other popular There is no particular reason why someone who is interested in a particular politician-endorsing celebrity would choose to do political research. Given, in particular, the segregation of news, where magazines and blogs tend to specialise (on... | ['edia politics voting house believes film stars music stars and other popular People will have less information about politicians’ manifestos and ideas. Celebrity endorsement distracts those who normally provide information to voters. Newspapers, blogs and other online media all have limited space, and, because celeb... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['animals philosophy ethics science science general house would ban animal Firstly the vast majority of drugs released today (around 75%) are so called “me too” drugs that add little, if any genuine innovation to the existing body of pharmaceuticals in production. Rather, they represent only a slight molecular tweak on... | ['animals philosophy ethics science science general house would ban animal Animal research is necessary for the development of truly novel substances Undoubtedly then, the most beneficial research to mankind is the development of truly novel drugs. Even according to the proposition this represents about a quarter of a... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ["africa global law human rights international law house believes This often leads to a scenario where leaders grant themselves immunity, or continue to commit atrocities, in the comfort of knowing that immunity is coming. Those in the CIA who committed what many consider to have been torture were granted immunity by t... | ["The Syrian Civil war is far larger than any of the conflicts where the truth and reconciliation model has been implemented. The divisions in society will not be healable through a system of truth and reconciliation – like other atrocities, such as those in Sierra Leone and the Balkans there will need to be a system o... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['asia global house would re engage myanmar Regional players like China and India are interested in border security and internal stability for Myanmar. There is no basis to say that their political and commercial relationship with Myanmar must necessarily be for short-term benefit. It is unfair to compare Myanmar with ... | ['asia global house would re engage myanmar This argument assumes that democracy, and that too a particular kind of democracy, is the only legitimate form of government possible. The kind of democracy that is followed in the West may not be appropriate for Myanmar, in any case not at this stage. There are economic and ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['nothing sacred house believes christians should be allowed wear cross No customer or patient complained in either case. Neither employer demonstrated that wearing the cross prevented either employee from performing their duties efficiently. Indeed, given the size and diversity of both organisations’ client base, a de... | ["nothing sacred house believes christians should be allowed wear cross The confession of religious faith is far more important than the rather petty rules that banned the wearing of the cross. People of faith attest that those beliefs determine the nature of their own identity and their place in the Universe. In the ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['media modern culture pornography society gender family house believes feminist The consent women supposedly show in the pornographic industry is no more valid than it is considered in prostitution or sex trafficking. Non-pornographic actresses are often coerced into pornography by their agents or producers. The porno... | ['media modern culture pornography society gender family house believes feminist Pornography liberates women Pornography is massively produced and distributed: this provides women with a vast platform through which to define their sexual identity. This has been a great tool in the past: in the 1920’s America, the flap... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['addiction healthcare international africa house believes ghanas ban smoking public Is it really the job of African states to stop smoking? Africans have the same amount of personal responsibility to choose to smoke or not – policies should reflect that.'] | ['addiction healthcare international africa house believes ghanas ban smoking public Reduce smoking A ban on smoking in public places would help reduce the rates of people smoking, by making it appear socially unusual – people will have to leave enclosed public places to smoke, each time they want to smoke. This is pa... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ["education general teaching university science computers phones internet house This is exactly as saying that people who did not go to universities are not independent enough. We know this to be wrong in practice and this is so because independence is not obtained in a fixed set of circumstances. There are different w... | ['education general teaching university science computers phones internet house Financial model of online courses is unsustainable At the moment some MOOC platforms are non-profit, while even for-profit ones do not pay universities, nor do universities pay MOOC platforms, they might only divide revenue if a revenue st... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['free challenge house believes julian assange journalist A free press can only function if it is also a responsible press. Journalists are allowed a leeway not enjoyed by most because they act responsibly and within boundaries. Realistically, the test of whether the risk posed to third parties is balanced by the publi... | ['free challenge house believes julian assange journalist The concept of what is a journalist needs to be clarified to deal with the reality of new forms of mass communication. Assange gathers, collates and disseminates information, ergo, he is a journalist. Few industries have been changed more radically by the adven... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['business economic policy international europe house believes eu should abandon The importance of agricultural industry cannot be valued on the merit of how much percent of GDP it creates. It is one of the industries that are vital for the society as whole – without food the society cannot properly function. In the ca... | ['business economic policy international europe house believes eu should abandon It doesn’t serve its purpose (subsidies to larger farmers) The CAP as originally proposed was aimed to support small, local, family farmers which have difficulties with sustaining their business in competitive environment. The conference ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['political philosophy politics government society house believes socialism dead Socialism has frequently been defined by its opponents and as Capitalism has changed so have the political responses made to it. The fact that this iteration of socialism is different should come as no surprise to anyone who has studied th... | ['political philosophy politics government society house believes socialism dead Socialism was a twentieth century ideology which ran its course and ran out of steam when it became clear that Capitalism worked better The world has moved on; it is inconceivable that the protests of the seventies and eighties could be r... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['government local government voting house believes quebec should secede canada Quebec is in a unique position as the homeland for French-speaking Canadians and therefore has a very different mandate than a normal state or province. Quebec has an obligation to the rights of French Canadians as a group due to its unique... | ['government local government voting house believes quebec should secede canada Although there have been flaws in the way that Canada has dealt with Quebec in the past, it simply isn’t true that it is currently denied its right to self-determination. First of all, it is not the will of the people to become an independe... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['addiction healthcare international africa house believes ghanas ban smoking public It would require a large amount of resources for law enforcement to go in to such public places occasionally to see that the ban is being enforced. It would be easier to enforce conditions relating to the packaging and production of t... | ["business health addiction house would ban smoking public spaces This ban would be difficult to enforce. Given the popularity of smoking, a ban on smoking in all enclosed public places would be difficult to enforce, requiring constant vigilance by many police officers or security cameras. It has been reported that sm... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['ic policy eurozone crisis finance international europe politics government The proposition vastly understates the negative impact a default has on the local economy. It is unrealistic to compare Greece with Argentina. As a member of the Eurozone, the developments within the Greek debt crisis have a huge impact on nat... | ['ic policy eurozone crisis finance international europe politics government Leaving the Eurozone would be detrimental for Greece in the long-run. Even if the proposition are correct in claiming defaulting and leaving the Eurozone would stimulate growth in the Greek economy, such benefits are transitory whereas the be... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ["economy general philosophy political philosophy house believes capitalism better According to Karl Marx work should not be regarded as just a means to achieve a reward in the form of profit, work should (i) be directed to the need of their fellows, (ii) be an enjoyable, meaningful activity which develop human capabil... | ['economy general philosophy political philosophy house believes capitalism better Each man has a right to private property The right to own property is central to man\'s existence since it ensures him of his independence of survival. It provides a means to sustain himself without relying on others inasmuch as he has ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['business economy general house would build hyperloop It is very unlikely that the Hyperloop would quickly reach its capacity. Currently the number of people travelling from Los Angeles to San Francisco by plane only number 2.8million so there would clearly be plenty of room for expansion. [1] [1] Amin, Saurabh, ‘Rid... | ['High Speed Rail is environmentally friendly Trains are the most sustainable and green form of transportation. Electric high speed rail is the most energy efficient of all trains. This is because trains have significantly high capacity but have very low power requirements in order to work by comparison to the number ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['e internet freedom politics government digital freedoms freedom Internet regulation isn’t an effective and legitimate means to create a safe internet Setting up CERTs aren’t an effective means to create a safer internet, because most of the threats are a result of ‘social engineering’, which means that hackers use s... | ['e internet freedom politics government digital freedoms freedom Internet regulation is necessary to ensure a working economy on the internet As seen above, the internet has enabled many types of criminal behavior. But it has also enabled normal citizens to share files. Music, movie and game producers have difficulty... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['defence house would employ mercenaries There is no guarantee of the quality of contracted soldiers often resulting in less being done per soldier. The competitive-business nature of private contractors includes cost reduction as well as profit maximisation, which leads to the recruitment of cheaper, less experienced ... | ["The war is too expensive, so a deal needs to be made to end it. President Obama himself has said, “Ultimately as was true in Iraq, so will be true in Afghanistan; we will have to have a political solution.” At a time when fiscal policy has become a major concern among western legislatures and commentators, the incr... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['energy house would store nuclear waste underground Integral Fast Reactors are not a solution for the short term. There are currently no Integral Fast Reactors in commercial operation and the research reactor that was to be constructed by the United States was cancelled in 1994. Any attempt to use IFRs to recycle all ... | ['Nuclear waste can be used in other forms of power generation There are new kinds of nuclear reactor such as ‘Integral Fast Reactors’, which can be powered by the waste from normal nuclear reactors (or from uranium the same as any other nuclear reactor). This means that the waste from other reactors or dismantled nuc... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['international law philosophy political philosophy politics government house believes Minorities are often economically disadvantaged and politically marginalised; formal guarantees of equal rights, even where they exist, do not necessarily translate into real opportunities for citizens. And respect for individual rig... | ['international law philosophy political philosophy politics government house believes The principle of self-determination might seem a straightforward one but in practice it is rarely that simple.Firstly, in many countries, majority and minority groups live side-by-side, rather than in distinct territories. Upholding ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['omic policy environment climate energy water international africa house would The difficulty of constructing something should not be considered a good argument not to do it. As one of the poorest countries in the world construction will surely have significant support from developed donors and international instituti... | ['omic policy environment climate energy water international africa house would An immense boost to DRC’s economy The Grand Inga dam would be an immense boost to the DRC’s economy. It would mean a huge amount of investment coming into the country as almost all the $80 billion construction cost would be coming from out... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['y political philosophy politics defence government house would impose democracy Even if individuals within a nation do not overtly support democracy, that does not mean that democracy does not serve their interests, and that they will not support it once it exists. There are two reasons this might be true. First, in... | ['y political philosophy politics defence government house would impose democracy Interventions can be successful given the right conditions. Certain factors may increase the chance of success: for example imposing democracy on a nation with which there were once colonial relationships increases the expected lifespan ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['rnational middle east law human rights international law house believes israels west The settlements are a sideshow that provide a convenient excuse for the Palestinians and their foreign friends to ignore the real (and difficult to solve) issues such as Jerusalem and what sort of sovereignty a Palestinian state woul... | ['Independence Matters – there are real legal and diplomatic consequences to such a move Going to the UN would transform the legal status of Palestine. While this would not immediate change the physical contours of the conflict – Israeli incursions, the occupation, the existence of settlements, it would transform the ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['th addiction health general law crime policing house supports legalisation drugs If the state is to make money from taxing drugs, this undercuts the (supposed) advantages of lower-priced drugs and will just encourage a black market to continue. In the UK, there is large black market for tobacco; it is suspected that ... | ['th addiction health general law crime policing house supports legalisation drugs Legalisation reduces crime The illegality of drugs fuels a huge amount of crime that could be eliminated if drugs were legalised. Price controls would mean that addicts would no longer have to steal to fund their habits, and a state-pro... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['global house believes united nations has failed This debate is about whether or not the UN has failed. It may well be that the response to a failing organisation is not abolition but wholesale reform, as the opposition argue here, but that would not change the fact that the UN has not achieved what it was designed to... | ['It is widely recognised that the current Security Council set-up lacks legitimacy and requires reform. Major states such as Japan, and rising powers such as Brazil, South Africa and India deserve recognition and giving them permanent status would provide representation for a much broader cross-section of humanity. It... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['defence house believes all nations have right nuclear weapons Possessing nuclear weapons will do little to help small and poor nations set the agendas on the international stage. In the present age, economic power is far more significant in international and diplomatic discourse than is military power, particularly n... | ['defence house believes all nations have right nuclear weapons Nuclear weapons give states valuable agenda-setting power on the international stage The issues discussed in international forums are largely set by nuclear powers. The permanent membership of the United Nations Security Council, for example, is composed ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['animals philosophy ethics science science general house would ban animal Most developed countries, including the United States and the member-states of the European Union, have regulations and laws which require the research methods that do not involve animal models should be used wherever they would produce equally ... | ['animals philosophy ethics science science general house would ban animal Animals involved in animal research are mostly well treated. The vast majority of animals used in research are not subjected to suffering. Where there may be pain, they are given painkillers, and when they are euthanized it is done humanely. [1... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['arts science censorship ip digital freedoms access knowledge house believes all Choosing to release one’s work into the viral market may be a shrewd business and artistic move, or it might not. All of this depends on the individual artist and the individual work. Nine Inch Nails both has the money that they can affor... | ['Creative commons allows existing work to be used as a building block by others The nature of the internet and mass media is such that many creators can benefit from the freedom and flexibility that creative commons licenses furnish to them. Creative commons provides vast benefits in allowing a creation to have life ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['eneral politics politics general house would limit right bear arms Guns don’t kill people – people kill people. Restricting gun ownership will do nothing to make society safer as it is the intent of the criminal we should fear, and that will remain the same whatever the gun laws. In the vast majority of crimes involv... | ['eneral politics politics general house would limit right bear arms Effective gun control is not achievable in democratic states with a tradition of civilian gun ownership Much like the failure of the prohibition era to stop alcohol consumption, trying to restrict the use of guns that are already widely owned and pre... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['disease health general healthcare house believes alternative medicine poses threat This comes down to the ‘well it can’t hurt, can it’ approach to alternatives. There is simply no serious medic – or any other scientist for that matter who would suggest that it’s a good idea to ingest products that are of dubious orig... | ['punishment house would make fines relative income Creates the perception that the rich are not immune to the consequences of their actions Fines that are not proportionate to income may create the perception that the rich are immune to the consequences of their actions. This is because people see those earning the l... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['africa global house believes former colonial powers should pay reparations Disguising the purely economic balance illustrated here as a demonstration of heartfelt regret undermines the principles outlined by previous proposition arguments. This is, in fact, a hollow gesture – one that is disguised as a reparation to ... | ['africa global house believes former colonial powers should pay reparations Reparations would be a step towards closing colonial scars. It is difficult for former colonies to feel as if they can move on and develop a wholly independent identity when their ties to the past, and to their former colonisers, have not bee... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['onal asia politics defence house would ignore north korean provocations Negotiations to defuse the cause of the immediate tension, and sanctions to encourage North Korea to the negotiating table are sensible, proportionate responses to North Korean actions. It is difficult to see how sanctions can be seen as encourag... | ['onal asia politics defence house would ignore north korean provocations North Korea is not an irrational regime, and is certainly not going to use its missiles to hit one of its neighbouring great powers. North Korea has shown time and time again that its number one objective is regime survival [1] and its provocatio... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ["disease health general sex sexuality house believes employees should be compelled Employers can be trusted to use this information responsibly. They are already used to keeping sensitive information (e.g. about salaries, annual reports, or employees' addresses and telephone numbers) confidential. Nor is it in their i... | ['disease health general sex sexuality house believes employees should be compelled It’s in the interests of co-workers It’s in the interests of other workers. The possibility of transmission, while very unlikely, is real and one they have a right to know about so as to be able to guard against it. While most of the t... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ["disease health general house would allow production generic drugs Allowing the sale of generic drugs will not help the plight of the developing world. Many drug companies invest substantial amounts of money, gleaned from the sale of profitable dugs in the developed world, into researching treatments for the developin... | ['disease health general house would allow production generic drugs Production of generic drugs reduce medical costs by allowing increased production and the development of superior production methods, increasing market efficiency The sale of generic drugs invariably reduces costs to consumers. This is due to two reas... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['sex sexuality international africa religion church morality house believes The Catholic Church already has huge numbers of people leaving, this could help stop that. The Catholic Church is already becoming increasingly unpopular because of its refusal to compromise on any issue and its inability to adapt and change t... | ['sex sexuality international africa religion church morality house believes Radical changes risk stability of the Catholic Church. As outlined in the main proposition case, rather than making the Catholic Church seem as if it can move with the times, suddenly changing its stance on barrier contraception would make the... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['culture general education education general house would make english official Bilingual education is exactly that – bilingual. Students do not simply abandon the English language – they intensively study it. The only bilingual classes are provided in other fields such as math and science - subjects critical for futur... | ['culture general education education general house would make english official Bilingual education hurts students Bilingual education segregates students in its system from those outside it. This limits the opportunities for interaction. This is harmful in a number of ways. For one thing, it limits their interaction... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['traditions house believes compensation should be paid those who have had their Firstly, communities can be given credit for designs and things of other cultural significance without the use of reparations which are arbitrary and pointless. Secondly, reparations are also ineffective, it throws a one-off lump sum to t... | ['traditions house believes compensation should be paid those who have had their Compensation has the potential to reverse damaged caused by Cultural Appropriation. Compensation is necessary in the case of cultural appropriation as it helps to provide victims with the resources they need or deserve as compensation for... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['ights punishment philosophy ethics life house believes capital punishment States in the Global North already deal with other states with capital punishment in the Global North. Broader based changes to criminal justice system would be needed - if it is desirable for states to make those changes in the first place. T... | ['ights punishment philosophy ethics life house believes capital punishment Those well trodden arguments lead to an anti death penalty position, not a pro death penalty one. Deterrence cannot be measured, mistakes are made too often and issues of punishment (if punishment, rather than rehabilitation or incapacitation i... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['economic policy society immigration house believes developing nations should People who move to the cities have chosen to move from their families and dear ones, because they want to create a new and better life for themselves. Armed with great motivation, they enter the cities and are often prepared to undertake wor... | ['economic policy society immigration house believes developing nations should Restrictions on migration would benefit people in the cities economically and socially Cities are very appealing to poor people. Even if their living standards in cities might be unacceptable, they get closer to basic goods, such as fresh w... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['climate house believes were too late global climate change The fossil fuels which account for the majority of GHG emissions are finite resources. As oil and coal becoming increasingly scarce, markets will naturally switch to more efficient or renewable resources thus stabilizing global GHG emissions. The growth of fu... | ['climate house believes were too late global climate change Developing world Developing countries such as China and India are growing rapidly and causing massive increases in global GHG emissions through fossil fuel use and deforestation. It took developed countries 100s of years to create a standard of living high e... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['e international africa house would provide access microfinance unbanked Africa’s microfinance schemes can be different, and are fundamentally different. Across Africa there is a history of informal lending. Microfinance is not new, but rather embedded in traditional practices. This means communities are aware of the ... | ['finance international africa house would provide access microfinance unbanked Debt cycles and the curse of microfinance Microfinance is incorporating free market ideologies and subprime (lending to those who may not be able to repay) lending at a smaller scale. Unstable crises’ form as a result, and debt is intensif... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['primary secondary health health general house would provide breakfast all 0 This will not be true equality. Some people naturally wake up earlier, yet many will still be feeling sleepy at 10:00. A school breakfast may have forced these students to be up even longer before their natural wake up time than would otherwi... | ["primary secondary health health general house would provide breakfast all 0 Nutrition is the parents responsibility Parents are responsible for their children, and this includes responsibility for their meals. The parent has had to provide meals up until the start of school. They know their own child’s preferences t... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['university government house believes university education should be free State funding of higher education is actually beneficial to universities. It allows universities to get on with their research and teaching without worrying about competing and spending money on getting students to attend. The money wasted in pu... | ['university government house believes university education should be free Free university education unjustly benefits one subset of society at the expense of everyone The state funds essential services, but higher education is not such a service. The specific subset free university education tends to benefit not the ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['ethics life house believes right die It is the mark of a civilised society that we accept the inconvenience of laws in some circumstances because we also require their protection in others. To take a trivial example we take away the choice for people to drive on the other side of the road to everyone else. Here the p... | ["disease healthcare philosophy ethics life house believes assisted suicide should Every human being has a right to life Perhaps the most basic and fundamental of all our rights. However, with every right comes a choice. The right to speech does not remove the option to remain silent; the right to vote brings with it ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['nothing sacred house believes bbc should be free blaspheme In the same way that the BBC is routinely criticised from the political Right for its Left-wing bias and from the Left for a supposed favouritism to the Right, maintaining balance in any sphere of life is difficult. Freedom of speech demands that such a balan... | ['nothing sacred house believes bbc should be free blaspheme Why should those who foot the bill have chunks of airtime from which they are, effectively, excluded. How can it be okay for a broadcaster, funded by a compulsory levy on anyone who owns a television, to willingly produce programmes they know will cause offe... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['crime policing punishment society house believes criminal justice should focus more Philosopher Peter Landry believes that it takes a whole group of specialists to determine what kind of punishment to mete out to criminals. [1] There is no hard and fast rule. Money spent on rehabilitation may cost a lot, but is well ... | ["crime policing punishment society house believes criminal justice should focus more Rehabilitation Has Greater Regard For the Offender Rehabilitation has another important value – it recognises the reality of social inequity. To say that some offenders need help to be rehabilitated is to accept the idea that circums... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['global science censorship ip internet digital freedoms freedom expression The public are rarely interested in foreign policy and want to keep well clear of foreign entanglements; they may like the idea of promoting democracy but if it means anything more than simple public support then they shy away as shown by only ... | ['y political philosophy politics defence government house would impose democracy First, it is not clear whether such a position is topical. Second, it is better to support protesters in this case, rather than taking the lead. To begin with, it is not clear that assisting individuals in the fight for democracy is a va... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['ch debate media and good government politics defence government digital freedoms Coalitions can form behind expansionist policies regardless of whether there is transparency. If there is no transparency then it is simply an invitation for these groups to overestimate the strength of their own state compared to their ... | ['The military can only be held to account if there is transparency States have militaries to protect themselves creating a paradox that “The very institution created to protect the polity is given sufficient power to become a threat to the polity.” [1] The Military is a powerful institution even in a stable democracy... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['free speech and privacy health general international africa politics Administrative capabilities should not be compared to health. Unhealthy leaders may perform better than the healthy ones, people could be misled to choose inappropriate leaders while taking health as a black spot while the leader could actually have... | ['Term limits are undemocratic and suggest, falsely, that voters cannot make intelligent decisions about their leaders on their own. Term limits are grossly undemocratic. If a leader is popular and desired by the people to continue to lead them, then it should be their choice to re-elect him. The instituting of term l... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['e internet freedom digital freedoms access information house supports This has absolutely nothing to do with censorship – not having net neutrality will not stop users accessing certain sites, just make it slower. Data from some points of origin, especially games and file-sharing programmes slow down the entire netwo... | ['e internet freedom digital freedoms access information house supports Privacy This was the clinching argument in the Dutch example. Labour MP Martijn van Dam, one of the bill’s co-authors said that Dutch ISP KPN was similar to “a postal worker who delivers a letter, looks to see what’s in it and then claims he hasn’... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['europe middle east politics house supports admission turkey eu Turkey today only has 3% of its total territory located on the European continent making it dubious that it counts as European geographically [1] . The core of Turkey is located geographically in Asia Minor. Turkish culture has little connection with the ... | ['europe middle east politics house supports admission turkey eu Strategic position and energy benefits There would be immense strategic benefits both to Europe and to Turkey if she were allowed to join the European Union. Turkey is already a important regional power with a lot of influence in the Middle East and Cent... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['gender house believes gender quotas eu are advantageous economies member states Inefficiencies related to outcomes are not necessarily related to the quotas. There are other factors affecting a company performance regardless of changes in staff, such as the general conditions of the industry, national and world econo... | ['gender house believes gender quotas eu are advantageous economies member states It is difficult to evaluate whether a business institution change its values due to the increased number of women on board. On the contrary, companies stick to their values and hire people who behave according to them. Also, it may be ea... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['access information house believes internet access human right Human rights are meant to protect the individual from the state rather than being dependent upon the state. The state cannot decide what these human rights are and can only constrain human rights if it is necessary to protect the human rights of another. [... | ['Violation of Sovereignty Sovereignty is the exercise of the fullest possible rights over a piece of territory; the state is ‘supreme authority within a territory’. [1] The sovereignty of nations has been recognised by all nations in article 2 of the UN charter. [2] Funding attempts by citizens of a nation to avoid i... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['economic policy international africa society gender house believes feminisation Again employment needs to be contextualised with what type of jobs are provided and entered into. It remains questionable as to whether the mental health of women improves if women are employed to work within hazardous work environments, ... | ['economic policy international africa society gender house believes feminisation The effects of unemployment Unemployment has been linked to several health and wellbeing effects. Firstly, the psychological impact of unemployment involve a range of issues - from confidence to mental well-being. Issues of mental health... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ["animals philosophy ethics science science general house would ban animal The opposition's conclusions can be attacked in three ways. First, countries that are less economically developed than wealthy North American and European states are not likely to support rules or laws similar to the 3Rs doctrine or Directive 20... | ['animals philosophy ethics science science general house would ban animal Most developed countries, including the United States and the member-states of the European Union, have regulations and laws which require the research methods that do not involve animal models should be used wherever they would produce equally ... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['onal europe politics defence leadership house favours common eu foreign policy Consultation, collaboration and the attempted creation of a common set of values has not worked and is not likely to work. This language is not much different from what we have heard with every attempt the EU has made to push for further p... | ['europe politics defence leadership house favours common eu foreign policy The fact that it is a Representative highlights the fact that the EU is based on consultation and consensus, and that is a positive thing. While the new ‘EU High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy’ marks only a bold first step towa... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['economic policy society immigration house believes developing nations should The principle at the heart of this debate is that of the rights of the individual. While it might be true that a large group of people make uninformed decisions, a ban on any decisions in relation to where people live will keep the individua... | ['economic policy society immigration house believes developing nations should People who move to the cities have chosen to move from their families and dear ones, because they want to create a new and better life for themselves. Armed with great motivation, they enter the cities and are often prepared to undertake wor... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['economy general international africa house believes women are key africas Neither education not infrastructure can discount the possibility of women being key to the economic future. Yes infrastructure is needed before many businesses can reach their full potential. But the same limits are on men and women. The lack ... | ['economy general international africa house believes women are key africas An increase in literacy does not necessarily translate into greater economic participation by women in the future. Yes more women are being educated but it is not just a lack of education that hinders them. It also requires infrastructure and f... |
This information retrieval (IR) task has a debate format where a topic is given, and two directly opposing sides of arguments about this topic are formed. A query is an argument that takes one side of this topic, focuses on a particular point about this topic, and takes a stance (i.e., opinion, position, view, perspect... | ['onal global law international law politics defence warpeace house supports new The New START treaty does not help Russia more than it does the United States. Former Secretary of Defense Robert Gates argued at the time the Russians are currently “above the treaty limits. So they will have to take down warheads.” [1] I... | ['global law international law politics defence warpeace house supports new The New START treaty does not help Russia more than it does the United States. Former Secretary of Defense Robert Gates argued at the time the Russians are currently “above the treaty limits. So they will have to take down warheads.” [1] If the... |
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