diff --git "a/raw_rss_feeds/https___arxiv_org_rss_physics.xml" "b/raw_rss_feeds/https___arxiv_org_rss_physics.xml" --- "a/raw_rss_feeds/https___arxiv_org_rss_physics.xml" +++ "b/raw_rss_feeds/https___arxiv_org_rss_physics.xml" @@ -7,1955 +7,12 @@ http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification en-us - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 05:00:10 +0000 + Sat, 08 Nov 2025 05:00:03 +0000 rss-help@arxiv.org - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 + Sat, 08 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - Saturday Sunday + Saturday - - Digitizing Spermatogenesis Lineage at Nanoscale Resolution In Tissue-Level Electron Microscopy - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02860 - arXiv:2511.02860v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Recent advances in 2D large-scale and 3D volume electron microscopy have stimulated the rapid development of nanoscale functional analysis at the tissue and organ levels. Digitizing the cell by mapping the intricate organellar networks into its physiological and pathological textures will revolutionarize the contents of cell atlases. To meet the requirements of characterizing intracellular organelles and their interactions within defined cellular cohorts at tissue level, we have developed DeepOrganelle. It adopts a lightweighted Mask2Former frameworks as a universal segmentor and is capable of segmenting and extracting organelles within different cell types, performing statistical quantitative analysis, as well as visualizing and quantifying the spatial distribution of organelle morphologies and interactions across different cell types at tissue scales. Using DeepOrganelle, we systemically perform cross-scale quantification of membrane contact sites(MCSs) dynamics across the progression of the seminiferous epithelial cycle, covering 12 distinct developmental stages and 24 statuses of germ cells. DeepOrganelle uncovers the spatiotemporal gradient of the germ cell differentiation atlas according to different types of organelles and their interactions. Noticeably, it discovers a waved pattern of mitochondria(Mito)-endoplasmic reticulum(ER) contact with a significant increase specifically at Stage X pachytene preceding the transition to diplotene, which aligns well with a newly reported experiment that mitochondrial metabolic proteins like PDHA2 are essential for this transition by maintaining ATP supply for double-strand break(DSB) repair. DeepOrganelle also observes a dynamic restructuring of the blood-testis barrier and stage-specific reorganization of organelle topography in Sertoli cells from preleptotene to leptotene phases of prophase I. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.02860v1 - physics.bio-ph - cs.AI - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ - Li Xiao, Liqing Liu, Hongjun Wu, Jiayi Zhong, Yan Zhang, Junjie Hu, Sun Fei, Ge Yang, Tao Xu - - - Comment on "Absence of a consistent classical equation of motion for a mass-renormalized point charge" - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02865 - arXiv:2511.02865v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Here we comment on the paper by Arthur D. Yaghjian, Phys. Rev. E 78, 046606 (2008) (arXiv:0805.0142). The author provides an equation of motion for a point charged particle in a certain regime of system parameters (on the other hand, claiming that in a different regime the classical equation of motion does not exist). The solutions of this equation (in the regime where it exists) presented in the paper show instantaneous jumps in the particle's velocity. We show that such jumps, in the case of a point particle, would generate infinite energy in the radiated electromagnetic field. Therefore, we claim that the point-particle limit used by the author is incorrect. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.02865v1 - physics.class-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Pawe{\l} Zin, Maciej Pylak - - - Characterization of the first full-size production for ePIC TOF layers - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02939 - arXiv:2511.02939v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are characterized by a fast rise time (500 ps) and extremely good time resolution (down to 17 ps). The intrinsic low granularity of LGADs and the large power consumption of readout chips for precise timing are problematic in near-future experiments such as e+e- Higgs factories (FCC-ee) and the ePIC detector at the Electron-Ion Collider. AC-coupled LGADs, where the readout metal is AC-coupled through an insulating oxide layer, could solve both issues at the same time thanks to the 100% fill factor and charge-sharing capabilities. Charge sharing between electrodes allows a hit position resolution well below the pitch/$\sqrt12$ of standard segmented detectors. At the same time, it relaxes the channel density and power consumption requirements of readout chips. Extensive laboratory characterization of AC-LGAD devices from the first full-size (up to 3x4 cm) production from HPK for ePIC will be shown in this contribution. Both pixel and strip geometry was produced and tested. This study was conducted within the scope of the ePIC detector time of flight (TOF) layer R&D program at the EIC. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.02939v1 - physics.ins-det - hep-ex - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - M. Davis, G. Stage, A. Borjigin, S. Beringer, N. Lynch, S. Nakarmi, C. Altafulla, A. Drumm, A. Molnar, A. Tiernan, S. M. Mazza, H. Sadrozinski, B. A. Schumm, A. Seiden, F. Forest, T. Shin - - - Evolution of an Alfv\'en Wave-Driven Proton Beam in the Expanding Solar Wind - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02940 - arXiv:2511.02940v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: We investigate the self-consistent formation and long-term evolution of proton beams in the expanding solar wind using an ensemble of one-dimensional hybrid expanding box simulations. Initial conditions are chosen to represent a range of plasma states observed by the Helios spacecraft at 0.3 AU, including an amplitude-modulated Alfv\'en wave that nonlinearly drives a proton beam aligned with the magnetic field. We compare simulation results with solar wind data out to 1.5 AU and show that our model reproduces key observed features of proton beams on average, such as the radial evolution of the drift and the relative core-to-beam density ratio. These findings support the theory that the observed evolution of the proton beam drift in the solar wind is determined by kinetic instabilities. More broadly, our results indicate that the interplay between nonlinear Alfv\'en wave dynamics, expansion effects and kinetic instabilities plays a fundamental role in solar wind dynamics, with implications for interpreting solar wind heating rate estimates. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.02940v1 - physics.space-ph - astro-ph.SR - physics.plasm-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - J. S. Bianco, A. Tenerani, C. Gonzalez, L. Matteini, K. G. Klein - - - Observer-based neural networks for flow estimation and control - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02995 - arXiv:2511.02995v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Neural network observers (NNOs) are proposed for real-time estimation of fluid flows, addressing a key challenge in flow control: obtaining real-time flow states from a limited set of sparse and noisy sensor data. For this task, we propose a generalization of the classical Luenberger observer. In the present framework, the estimation loop is composed of subsystems modeled as neural networks (NNs). By combining flow information from selected probes and an NN surrogate model (NNSM) of the flow system, we train NNOs capable of fusing information to provide the best estimation of the states, that can in turn be fed back to an NN controller (NNC). The NNO capabilities are demonstrated for three nonlinear dynamical systems. First, a variation of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation with control inputs is studied, where variables are sparsely probed. We show that the NNO is able to track states even when probes are contaminated with random noise or with sensors at insufficient sample rates to match the control time step. Then, a confined cylinder flow is investigated, where velocity signals along the cylinder wake are estimated by using a small set of wall pressure sensors. In both the KS and cylinder problems, we show that the estimated states can be used to enable closed-loop control, taking advantage of stabilizing NNCs. Finally, we present a legacy dataset of a turbulent boundary layer experiment, where convolutional NNs (CNNs) are employed to implement the models required for the estimation loop. We show that, by combining low-resolution noise-corrupted sensor data with an imperfect NNSM, it is possible to produce more accurate estimates, outperforming both the direct reconstructions via specialized super-resolution NNs and the direct model propagation from initial conditions. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.02995v1 - physics.flu-dyn - cs.SY - eess.SY - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Tarc\'isio C. D\'eda, William R. Wolf, Scott T. M. Dawson, Brener L. O. Ramos - - - Simultaneous evaporation and imbibition of a droplet on a flooded porous substrate - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03006 - arXiv:2511.03006v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: A mathematical model for the evolution of, and deposition from, a thin particle-laden droplet on an infinitely thick, isotropic, flooded, porous substrate with interconnected pores undergoing simultaneous evaporation and imbibition is formulated and analysed. In particular, analytical expressions for the evolution of the droplet, as well as for the flow within the droplet and the substrate, and for the transport and deposition onto the substrate of the particles are obtained for droplets evolving in four different modes. While the physical mechanisms driving evaporation and imbibition are rather different, perhaps rather unexpectedly, it is found that there are a number of qualitative and quantitative similarities as well as differences in the resulting behaviour of the droplet as it loses mass to its environment. For example, it is shown that a droplet undergoing pure imbibition in the constant contact radius mode never completely imbibes, but if it evaporates (either with or without imbibition also occurring) then it has a finite lifetime, and increasing the strength of evaporation and/or imbibition shortens its lifetime. It is also shown that in the regime in which diffusion of particles is faster than axial advection but slower than radial advection of particles, the final deposit of particles left behind on the substrate after the droplet has completely evaporated and/or imbibed is independent of both the nature and the strength of the physical mechanism(s) driving the mass loss from the droplet. Not only are these results of theoretical interest, but they are also relevant to a wide variety of practical applications, including ink-jet printing, DNA chip manufacturing, and disease diagnostics, that would benefit from an improved ability to predict and/or control the final deposit pattern from a droplet undergoing simultaneous evaporation and imbibition. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03006v1 - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - David Craig, Alexander W. Wray, Khellil Sefiane, Stephen K. Wilson - - - System Effects of Carbon-Free Electricity Procurement: Regional Technology and Emissions Impacts of Voluntary Markets - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03049 - arXiv:2511.03049v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Voluntary carbon-free electricity (CFE) procurement has the potential to accelerate electric sector decarbonization, but procurement strategies vary widely, leading to uncertainty about emissions, investments, and costs. This study assesses the system-wide effects of voluntary CFE procurement on U.S. regional power systems using a detailed energy systems model across a range of program designs, eligible technologies, policy environments, and modeling assumptions. Results suggest that hourly matching, where clean electricity procurement aligns with hourly load, combined with new and local generation could maximize emissions reductions from CFE procurement, particularly under existing Inflation Reduction Act incentives and state policies. However, regional costs vary significantly, with a CFE cost premium ranging from \$11-63/MWh nationally across scenarios and \$1-130/MWh across regions, broader than previous estimates. Expanding the eligible technology portfolio to include renewables, nuclear, carbon capture, and energy storage reduces costs, particularly in regions with lower wind and solar resource quality, though variable renewables and battery storage remain the dominant resources in many scenarios. Additionally, we show that the future policy environment strongly influences the effectiveness of voluntary CFE programs, with more stringent emissions policies or subsidies potentially limiting the incremental benefits of procurement. The analysis also quantifies how features of the model framework can shape insights about CFE procurement strategies. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03049v1 - physics.soc-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ - John Bistline, Geoffrey Blanford, Adam Diamant, Arin Kaye, Daniel Livengood, Qianru Zhu, Francisco Ralston Fonseca - - - Comparative Investigations on Active and Passive Tails of Undulating Swimmers - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03057 - arXiv:2511.03057v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Fish display remarkable swimming capabilities through the coordinated interaction of the body and caudal fin, yet the potential role of a passively pitching tail in enhancing hydrodynamic performance remains unresolved. In this work, we evaluate the performance of a carangiform swimmer equipped with either an actively pitching tail or a passively pitching tail. Fluid-structure interactions-based simulations are employed to asses how variations in joint stiffness, damping, and inertia influence thrust generation, power demand, and overall stability at two representative Reynolds numbers of 500 and 5000. The results reveal that actively pitching tails tend to generate greater thrust, while passively pitching tails deliver improved outcomes in terms of the power demand at the lower Reynolds number. Larger pitching amplitudes contribute positively only when associated with higher swimming frequency, when produced by reduced inertia for more flexible joints, they lead to unfavorable effects. At the higher Reynolds number, active tails consistently outperform passive ones, although a small subset of passive cases still achieve favorable performance. Across all cases, a recurring balance emerges, with thrust production and power expenditure varying inversely. These findings clarify the hydrodynamic consequences of passive versus active tail motion and establish design principles for bio-inspired underwater vehicles, where smaller swimmers may benefit from passive tail pitching, while larger swimmers are better served by active control - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03057v1 - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Dev Pradeepkumar Nayak, Ali Tarokh, Muhammad Saif Ullah Khalid - - - Modal Backflow Neural Quantum States for Anharmonic Vibrational Calculations - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03061 - arXiv:2511.03061v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Neural quantum states (NQS) are a promising ansatz for solving many-body quantum problems due to their inherent expressiveness. Yet, this expressiveness can only be harnessed efficiently for treating identical particles if the suitable physical knowledge is hardwired into the neural network itself. For electronic structure, NQS based on backflow determinants has been shown to be a powerful ansatz for capturing strong correlation. By contrast, the analogue for bosons, backflow permanents, is unpractical due to the steep cost of computing the matrix permanent and due to the lack of particle conservation in common bosonic problems. To circumvent these obstacles, we introduce a modal backflow (MBF) NQS design and demonstrate its efficacy by solving the anharmonic vibrational problem. To accommodate the demand of high accuracy in spectroscopic calculations, we implement a selected-configuration scheme for evaluating physical observables and gradients, replacing the standard stochastic approach based on Monte Carlo sampling. A vibrational self-consistent field calculation is conveniently carried out within the MBF network, which serves as a pretraining step to accelerate and stabilize the optimization. In applications to both artificial and ab initio Hamiltonians, we find that the MBF network is capable of delivering spectroscopically accurate zero-point energies and vibrational transitions in all anharmonic regimes. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03061v1 - physics.chem-ph - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Lexin Ding, Markus Reiher - - - Relativistic multistage resonant and trailing-field acceleration induced by large-amplitude Alfv\'en waves in a strong magnetic field - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03069 - arXiv:2511.03069v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: We propose a particle acceleration mechanism driven by large-amplitude Alfv\'en waves in a strong magnetic field. The acceleration process proceeds through multiple stages triggered by counterpropagating wave-particle resonant acceleration (CWRA) via decay instability. Initially, parent and daughter Alfv\'en waves resonantly accelerate particles perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. The resultant modulational instability generates electrostatic fields within the wave packet, which are locally amplified by the ponderomotive force of the Alfv\'en wave packet. These fields subsequently drive further acceleration within a few relativistic gyroperiods via gyroresonant surfing acceleration (GRSA). During this, the v*B force facilitates momentum transfer from the perpendicular to the parallel direction. In the later stage, particles become trapped by the parent wave and gain additional energy through single wave resonant acceleration (SWRA). Furthermore, the accumulation of accelerated particles induces electrostatic trailing fields behind and at the tail of the wave packet, which drive trailing-field acceleration (TFA) of other electrons. The combined effects of these mechanisms, CWRA followed by GRSA and SWRA, result in highly relativistic electron energy. The electron energy accelerated through the above process is higher than that accelerated through TFA. This multistage acceleration process provides insights into the generation of high energy cosmic rays in astrophysical environments. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03069v1 - physics.plasm-ph - astro-ph.HE - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - 10.1103/nccj-mw1y - Phys. Rev. E 112, 055201 (2025) - S. Isayama, S. Matsukiyo, T. Sano, S. H. Chen - - - Particle-in-cell simulations of laser crossbeam energy transfer via magnetized ion-acoustic wave - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03090 - arXiv:2511.03090v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Large magnetic fields, either imposed externally or produced spontaneously, are often present in laser-driven high-energy-density systems. In addition to changing plasma conditions, magnetic fields also directly modify laser-plasma interactions (LPI) by changing participating waves and their nonlonear interactions. In this paper, we use two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to investigate how magnetic fields directly affect crossbeam energy transfer (CBET) from a pump to a seed laser beam, when the transfer is mediated by the ion-acoustic wave (IAW) quasimode. Our simulations are performed in the parameter space where CBET is the dominant process, and in a linear regime where pump depletion, distribution function evolution, and secondary instabilities are insignificant. We use a Fourier filter to separate out the seed signal, and project the seed fields to two electromagnetic eigenmodes, which become nondegenerate in magnetized plasmas. By comparing the seed energy before CBET occurs and after CBET reaches quasi-steady state, we extract CBET energy gains of both eigenmodes for lasers that are initially linearly polarized. Our simulations reveal that starting from a few MG fields, the two eigenmodes have different gains, and magnetization alters how the gains depend on laser detuning. The overall gain decreases with magnetization when the laser polarizations are initially parallel, while a nonzero gain becomes allowed when the laser polarizations are initially orthogonal. These findings qualitatively agree with theoretical expectations. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03090v1 - physics.plasm-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Yuan Shi, John D. Moody - - - Accelerating inverse materials design using generative diffusion models with reinforcement learning - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03112 - arXiv:2511.03112v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Diffusion models promise to accelerate material design by directly generating novel structures with desired properties, but existing approaches typically require expensive and substantial labeled data ($>$10,000) and lack adaptability. Here we present MatInvent, a general and efficient reinforcement learning workflow that optimizes diffusion models for goal-directed crystal generation. For single-objective designs, MatInvent rapidly converges to target values within 60 iterations ($\sim$ 1,000 property evaluations) across electronic, magnetic, mechanical, thermal, and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, MatInvent achieves robust optimization in design tasks with multiple conflicting properties, successfully proposing low-supply-chain-risk magnets and high-$\kappa$ dielectrics. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, MatInvent exhibits superior generation performance under specified property constraints while dramatically reducing the demand for property computation by up to 378-fold. Compatible with diverse diffusion model architectures and property constraints, MatInvent could offer broad applicability in materials discovery. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03112v1 - physics.chem-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Junwu Chen, Jeff Guo, Edvin Fako, Philippe Schwaller - - - Fast SDE-based Monte Carlo dose calculation for proton therapy validated against Geant4 - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03115 - arXiv:2511.03115v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Objective: To validate a newly proposed stochastic differential equation (SDE)-based model for proton beam energy deposition by comparing its predictions with those from Geant4 in simplified phantom scenarios. Approach: Building on previous work in Crossley et al. (2025), where energy deposition from a proton beam was modelled using an SDE framework, we implemented the model with standard approximations to interaction cross sections and mean excitation energies, which makes simulations easily adaptable to new materials and configurations. The model was benchmarked against Geant4 in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms. Main results: The SDE-based dose distributions agreed well with Geant4, showing range differences within 0.4 mm and 3D gamma pass rates exceeding 98% under 3%/2 mm criteria with a 1% dose threshold. The model achieved a computational speed-up of approximately fivefold relative to Geant4, consistent across different Geant4 physics lists. Significance: These results demonstrate that the SDE approach can reproduce accuracy comparable to high-fidelity Monte Carlo for proton therapy at a fraction of the computational cost, highlighting its potential for accelerating dose calculations and treatment planning. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03115v1 - physics.med-ph - stat.AP - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Christopher B. C. Dean, Maria L. P\'erez-Lara, Emma Horton, Matthew Southerby, Jere Koskela, Andreas E. Kyprianou - - - {\alpha}/{\gamma} discrimination method for bulky BaF2 detector used in {\gamma} total absorption facility - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03139 - arXiv:2511.03139v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: The gamma-ray total absorption facility (GTAF) composed of 40 BaF2 detection units is designed to measure the cross section data of neutron radiation capture reaction online, in order to comply with the experimental nuclear data sheet.We have found that one of the most important sources of experimental background is the initial alpha particles emitted by the BaF2 crystal. Developing data analysis algorithms to eliminate the influence of alpha particles in experimental data has become a key aspect. In this work, in order to meet the needs of data acquisition, online measurement and analysis of neutron radiation cross section, the GTAF data acquisition system adopts a full waveform acquisition method, which results in a large number of data recorded, transmitted, and stored during experiment, which also affects the uncertainty of the cross-section data.Based on the signal waveform characteristics of the BaF2 detection unit, in order to solve the aforementioned problems, three methods, namely the ratio of fast component to total component, pulse width, and time decay constant, are used to identify and distinguish alpha particles and gamma rays. The quality factor FOM is utilized as an evaluation value and several experiments are conducted using three radioactive sources (22Na, 137Cs, 60Co) for verification. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03139v1 - physics.ins-det - nucl-ex - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - 10.7498/aps.74.20250017 - Acta Physica Sinica 2025,74(10):102801 - Chong Zou, Qiwei Zhang, Guangyuan Luan, Hongyi Wu, Haotian Luo, Xuanbo Chen, Xiaoyu Wang, Guozhu He, Jie Ren, Hanxiong Huang, Xichao Ruan, Jie Bao, Xinghua Zhu - - - Correcting Fabrication-Induced Curvature in Micromirror-Based Spatial Light Modulators with a Microlens Array - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03175 - arXiv:2511.03175v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Computer generated holography requires high-speed spatial light modulators (SLMs) for dynamically patterning light in 3D. Piston-motion micromirror-based SLMs support high-speed ($\geq$ 10 kHz) phase modulation; however, fabricating micromirror arrays with sufficient fill factor necessary for high diffraction efficiency is challenging. In particular, the larger mirrors of high fill factor designs are susceptible to stress-induced curvature that significantly degrades optical performance. In this work, we introduce an optical compensation method using a pitch-matched microlens array (MLA) to focus light onto just the center of each mirror. Our approach thus avoids curvature-induced artifacts and improves optical fill factor to nearly 100$\%$, independent of the original mechanical fill factor. Through simulations and experiments on a fabricated micromirror array with bowed mirrors, we show that the Pearson correlation coefficient of the imparted phase profile is improved from 0.11 to 0.85 and the brightness of a holographically-generated single spot is enhanced by 8$\times$ with our microlens array in place. Our hybrid optical-electromechanical strategy thus provides a scalable path toward high-speed, high-fidelity wavefront control for applications such as adaptive optics, holographic displays, and optogenetics. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03175v1 - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Munkyu Kang, Elizabeth Murray, Leyla A. Kabuli, Rikky Muller, Laura Waller - - - Exploring the mechanisms of transverse relaxation of copper(II)-phthalocyanine spin qubits - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03199 - arXiv:2511.03199v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Molecular spin qubits are promising candidates for quantum technologies, but their performance is limited by decoherence arising from diverse mechanisms. The complexity of the environment makes it challenging to identify the main source of noise and target it for mitigation. Here we present a systematic experimental and theoretical framework for analyzing the mechanisms of transverse relaxation in copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) diluted into diamagnetic phthalocyanine hosts. Using pulsed EPR spectroscopy together with first-principles cluster correlation expansion simulations, we quantitatively separate the contributions from hyperfine-coupled nuclear spins, spin--lattice relaxation, and electron--electron dipolar interactions. Our detailed modeling shows that both strongly and weakly coupled nuclei contribute negligibly to $T_2$, while longitudinal dipolar interactions with electronic spins, through instantaneous and spectral diffusion, constitute the main decoherence channel even at moderate spin densities. This conclusion is validated by direct comparison between simulated spin-echo dynamics and experimental data. By providing a robust modeling and experimental approach, our work identifies favorable values of the electron spin density for quantum applications, and provides a transferable methodology for predicting ensemble coherence times. These insights will guide the design and optimization of molecular spin qubits for scalable quantum devices. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03199v1 - physics.chem-ph - quant-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Boning Li, Yifan Quan, Xufan Li, Guoqing Wang, Robert G Griffin, Avetik R Harutyunyan, Paola Cappellaro - - - Optimal sparse networks for synchronization of semiconductor lasers - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03205 - arXiv:2511.03205v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: The inevitable random frequency differences among semiconductor lasers present an obstacle to achieving their collective coherence, but previous worked showed that fully (all-to-all) coupled networks can still be synchronized even in the weakly coupling regime. An outstanding question is whether sparsely coupled network structures exist that lead to strong synchronization. This paper gives an affirmative answer: optimal sparse coupling configurations can be found which enables near-complete synchronization. Quite surprisingly, with respect to synchronization, certain sparse networks can outperform fully coupled networks, when the weights of coupling are placed dominantly on the laser pairs with large frequency differences. The counterintuitive phenomenon can be explained by a thermodynamic potential theory that maps the time-delay-induced phase dynamics to an energy landscape. These findings suggest a scalable and cost-effective approach to achieving robust, steady-state synchronization of semiconductor lasers in the presence of disorder and noise. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03205v1 - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Li-Li Ye, Nathan Vigne, Fan-Yi Lin, Hui Cao, Ying-Cheng Lai - - - A Hybrid CNN-Cheby-KAN Framework for Efficient Prediction of Two-Dimensional Airfoil Pressure Distribution - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03223 - arXiv:2511.03223v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: The accurate prediction of airfoil pressure distribution is essential for aerodynamic performance evaluation, yet traditional methods such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and wind tunnel testing have certain bottlenecks. This paper proposes a hybrid deep learning model combining a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and a Chebyshev-enhanced Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (Cheby-KAN) for efficient and accurate prediction of the two-dimensional airfoil flow field. The CNN learns 1549 types of airfoils and encodes airfoil geometries into a compact 16-dimensional feature vector, while the Cheby-KAN models complex nonlinear mappings from flight conditions and spatial coordinates to pressure values. Experiments on multiple airfoils--including RAE2822, NACA0012, e387, and mh38--under various Reynolds numbers and angles of attack demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a mean squared error (MSE) on the order of $10^{-6}$ and a coefficient of determination ($R^2$) exceeding 0.999. The model significantly outperforms traditional Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs) in accuracy and generalizability, with acceptable computational overhead. These results indicate that the hybrid CNN-Cheby-KAN framework offers a promising data-driven approach for rapid aerodynamic prediction. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03223v1 - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Yaohong Chen, Luchi Zhang, Yiju Deng, Yanze Yu, Xiang Li, Renshan Jiao - - - Wide frequency-range acceleration using second harmonic RF bucket in fixed field accelerators - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03226 - arXiv:2511.03226v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: We propose a novel acceleration scheme for fixed-field accelerators (FFAs), in which RF buckets with harmonic numbers $h = 1$ and $h = 2$ are time-sequenced to form a single, continuous acceleration path. This approach completes acceleration in two RF frequency sweeps, thereby reducing the total frequency sweep range and shortening the repetition period. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated through longitudinal simulations based on parameters of the FFA at the Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University (KURNS). We also establish operational conditions under which the second harmonic RF bucket remains stable and practically usable. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03226v1 - physics.acc-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ - Tomonori Uesugi, Yoshihiro Ishi, Yoshiharu Mori - - - Development of a Hermetic Gaseous Xenon Detector for Suppressing External Radon Background - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03250 - arXiv:2511.03250v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Radon-induced backgrounds, particularly from $^{222}$Rn and its beta-emitting progeny, present a critical challenge for next-generation liquid xenon (LXe) detectors aimed at probing dark matter down to the neutrino fog. To address this, we developed a compact hermetic gaseous xenon (GXe) detector. This device physically isolates the active volume from external radon sources by using a PTFE vessel sealed between two quartz flanges with mechanically compressed ePTFE gaskets. To quantify radon sealing performance, we implemented a dual-loop GXe circulation system and conducted a 670-hour radon-injection measurement campaign. Radon ingress into the hermetic detector was monitored using electrostatic radon detectors and photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). From these two independent measurements, the steady-state ratios of the radon concentrations inside the hermetic detector to those outside were estimated to be $ (1.1 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{-2} $ and $ (1.1 \pm 0.2) \times 10^{-2} $, corresponding to radon-leakage flows of $ (2.9 \pm 0.3) \times 10^{-11} $ and $ (2.6 \pm 0.4) \times 10^{-11} $ $ \thinspace $m$^{3}$ $ \thinspace $ $\mathrm{s}^{-1}$, respectively. An extrapolation to a 60-tonne LXe TPC such as XLZD suggests that the radon leakage could amount to $ 1.2 \times 10^{-2} $ $ \thinspace $mBq, which is negligible compared to the expected natural radon emanation inside the detector, typically 3$ \thinspace $mBq. These results demonstrate that flange-based mechanical sealing provides an effective solution for realizing radon-isolated inner detectors in large-scale LXe experiments. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03250v1 - physics.ins-det - hep-ex - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Ryuta Miyata, Koki Fujikawa, Rina Harata, Yoshitaka Itow, Shingo Kazama, Masatoshi Kobayashi - - - Meshless data-driven decompositions with RBF-based inner products - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03264 - arXiv:2511.03264v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Data-driven modal decompositions are useful tools for compressing data or identifying dominant structures. Popular ones like the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) are defined with continuous inner products. These are usually approximated with samples of data uniform in space and time. However, not every dataset fulfills this requirement. Numerical simulations with smoothed particle hydrodynamics or experiments with Lagrangian particle tracking velocimetry produce scattered data varying in time and space, rendering sample-based inner products impossible. In this work, we extend a previous approach that computes the modal decompositions with meshfree radial basis functions (RBFs). We regress the data and use the continuous representation of the RBFs to compute the required inner products. We choose our basis to be constant in time, greatly reducing the computational cost since the inner product of the data reduces to the inner product of the basis functions. We use this approach in the most popular decompositions, namely the POD, DMD, multi-scale POD, and the two versions of the spectral POD. For all decompositions, the RBFs give a mesh-free representation of the spatial structures. Two test cases are considered: particle image velocimetry measurements of an impinging jet and large eddy simulations of the flow past a transitional airfoil. In both cases, the RBF-based approach outperforms classical binning and better recovers relevant structures across all data densities. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03264v1 - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Manuel Ratz, Alessandro Parente, Miguel Alfonso Mendez - - - On the role of back-propagating pressure suppression in enhancing the pressure-gain performance of quasi-2D rotating detonation engines - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03268 - arXiv:2511.03268v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: The total pressure gain (PG) characteristics of the quasi-2D rotating detonation engine (RDE) are numerically investigated in this study, based on an abstract check valve model and the quasi-1D assumption. The influence of back-propagating pressure suppression on PG and its underlying mechanism are examined. An abstract check valve model is established to simulate various flow channel configurations, with backflow check strength $\alpha_b$ defined, where a larger $\alpha_b$ corresponds to a stronger backflow blocking effect. The quasi-1D assumption is applied along the axial direction to simplify the radial features of the annular RDE. The quasi-2D governing equations for RDE flow are derived. Simulations are conducted for varying expansion ratios $A_e$ and values of $\alpha_b$. The results indicate that increasing $\alpha_b$ effectively suppresses back-propagating pressure and slightly improves PG; however, it cannot fully eliminate the back-propagating pressure, as the check valve itself introduces flow disturbances. Increasing $A_e$ also suppresses back-propagating pressure but significantly reduces PG. Achieving positive PG requires reducing $A_e$ below a critical value. However, this reduction is limited by $\alpha_b$; further reduction in $A_e$ leads to forward propagation of back-propagating pressure to the engine inlet, resulting in inlet blocking. Therefore, a sufficiently large $\alpha_b$ is essential for the required reduction in $A_e$. The key aerodynamic challenge for achieving positive PG lies in optimizing flow channels to suppress back-propagating pressure efficiently. Finally, a general PG criterion is proposed by normalizing the quasi-2D RDE with stoichiometric hydrogen/air mixtures. This study provides theoretical guidance for enhancing PG in RDEs. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03268v1 - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Tonghui Wang, Guoqing Zhang, Haocheng Wen - - - 3D Bayesian Variational Surface Wave Tomography and Application to the Southwest China - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03278 - arXiv:2511.03278v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Seismic surface wave tomography uses surface wave information to obtain velocity structures in the subsurface. Due to data noise and nonlinearity of the problem, surface wave tomography often has non-unique solutions. It is therefore required to quantify uncertainty of the results in order to better interpret the resulting images. Bayesian inference is the most widely-used method for this purpose. However, the commonly-used Monte Carlo methods require huge computational cost and remains intractable in high-dimensional problems. Variational inference uses optimization to solve Bayesian inverse problems, and therefore can be more efficient in the case of large datasets and high-dimensional parameter spaces. Variational inference has been applied to 2-D surface wave tomographic problems. In this study, we extend the method to 3-D surface wave tomography by directly inverting for 3-D spatial structures from frequency-dependent travel time measurements. Specifically, we apply three variational methods, mean-field automatic differential variational inference (mean-field ADVI), physically structured variational inference (PSVI) and stochastic Stein varational gradient descent (sSVGD) to surface wave tomographic problems using both synthetic data and real data in the Southwest China. The results show that all methods can provide accurate velocity estimates, while sSVGD produces more reasonable uncertainty estimates than mean-field ADVI and PSVI because of Gaussian assumption used in the later methods. In the real data case, the variational methods provide more detailed velocity structures than those obtained using traditional methods, along with reliable uncertainty estimates. We therefore conclude that variational surface wave tomograph can be applied fruitfully to many realistic problems. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03278v1 - physics.geo-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ - Wenda Yang, Xin Zhang - - - Structural Stress as a Predictor of the Rate and Spatial Location of Aortic Growth in Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Dissection - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03287 - arXiv:2511.03287v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Accurate prediction of aortic expansion in uncomplicated type B aortic dissection (TBAD) can help identify patients who may benefit from timely thoracic endovascular aortic repair. This study investigates associations between biomechanical predictors derived from reduced-order fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis and aortic growth outcomes. Baseline and follow-up CT images from 30 patients with uncomplicated TBAD were obtained. For each patient, a reduced-order FSI analysis using the forward penalty stress computation method was performed on the baseline geometry. Aortic growth was quantified by registering baseline and follow-up surfaces using nonrigid registration. Mixed-effects linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess relationships between structural stress, wall shear stress (WSS), pressure and growth rate while accounting for inter-patient variability. Group comparison analyses were performed to evaluate spatial distributions of these biomechanical variables along the dissected aorta between patient groups categorized by optimal medical therapy (OMT) and aortic growth outcomes. Linear regression revealed a positive association between structural stress and aortic growth rate (p = 0.0003) and a negative association for WSS (p = 0.0227). Logistic regression yielded area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUCs) of 0.7414, 0.5953, 0.4991, and 0.6845 for structural stress, WSS, pressure, and aortic diameter, respectively. Group comparisons showed significant regional differences in structural stress, but not in diameter, WSS, or pressure, between groups defined by aortic growth and OMT outcomes. These results indicate that structural stress is a promising predictor of both the rate and location of aortic growth in uncomplicated TBAD, which supports its use in risk stratification models to identify patients at higher risk of TBAD progression. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03287v1 - physics.med-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ - Yuhang Du (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX), Yuxuan Wu (Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA), Hannah L. Cebull (Department of Radiology & Imaging Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA), Bangquan Liao (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX), Rishika Agarwal (The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA), Alan Meraz (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX), Hai Dong (Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA), Asanish Kalyanasundaram (Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT), John N. Oshinski (Department of Radiology & Imaging Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA), Rudolph L. Gleason Jr (The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA), John A. Elefteriades (Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT), Bradley G. Leshnower (Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA), Minliang Liu (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX) - - - Contactless Modulation of Intralayer and Interlayer Excitons in MoS2/WSe2 heterostructures with Acoustoelectric Fields - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03301 - arXiv:2511.03301v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: This work presents a platform that enables surface acoustic wave (SAW) modulation of both intralayer and interlayer excitons in MoS2/WSe2 heterostructures. Harnessing the coupled piezoelectric and strain fields of SAWs, this integrated approach allows for dynamic, precise, and fully contactless control of excitonic properties, a capability essential for the realization of next generation optoelectronic, quantum photonic, and excitonic devices. We identify two distinct modulable interlayer excitons in optical communication bands: IX$_{K\Gamma}$ in the O band (around 1300 nm) and IX$_{K\!-\!K}$ in the S band (around 1500 nm); these two excitons display a robust twist-angle-independent energy splitting of 120 meV, in agreement with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The type-II band alignment induced by the SAW not only promotes efficient exciton dissociation but also enables direct and tunable modulation of photoluminescence via the formation of confined piezoelectric potential wells. Furthermore, by simultaneously generating in-plane and out-of-plane SAW fields, the platform achieves selective manipulation of intralayer and interlayer excitons, inducing quadratic Stark effects for intralayer excitons and linear Stark effects for interlayer excitons. These findings provide new insights into SAWexciton interactions in van der Waals heterostructures, broaden the operational spectral range, and establish pathways toward on-chip acousto-optic and quantum optoelectronic devices with advanced excitonic functionality. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03301v1 - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Yueyi Sun, Dexing Liu, Jiefei Zhu, Siming Liu, Jiwei Chen, Yingjie Luo, Yihong Sun, Mansun Chan, Cary. Y. Yang, Taojie Zhou, Min Zhang, Changjian Zhou - - - Incorporating QM/MM molecular dynamics into the few-mode quantization approach for light-matter interactions in nanophotonic structures - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03303 - arXiv:2511.03303v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: In the context of light-matter interactions between organic chromophores and confined photons of (plasmonic) nano-resonators, we introduce a general framework that couples ab initio QM/MM molecular dynamics with few-mode field quantization to simulate light-matter interactions of molecular emitters at the nanoscale. Arbitrary, lossy, and spatially inhomogeneous photonic environments are represented by a minimal set of interacting modes fitted to their spectral density, while geometry-dependent molecular properties are computed on the fly. Applications to few-molecule strong coupling show that strong coupling persists when molecular degrees of freedom and disorder are included for the chosen system consisting of a nanoparticle dimer coupled to multiple emitters. At the same time, symmetry-protected degeneracies of two-level models are lifted. The framework further reveals how spatial field inhomogeneity and molecular disorder shape cavity-mediated energy transfer, illustrated for an HBQ-Methylene Blue donor-acceptor combination in a five-emitter system. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03303v1 - physics.optics - cond-mat.mes-hall - physics.chem-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Ruth H. Tichauer, Maksim Lednev, Gerrit Groenhof, Johannes Feist - - - Graphene-enabled coherent terahertz wave detection and thickness determination - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03308 - arXiv:2511.03308v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Coherent detection and interferometry in the terahertz (THz) regime are key capabilities that enable applications ranging from astronomy to non-destructive testing. Phase-sensitive THz detection is currently achieved using nonlinear crystals or external interferometers and photomixers. However, the former approach requires femtosecond pulsed radiation, and all approaches suffer from a large footprint and sensitive alignment. Here, we demonstrate a graphene-enabled, on-chip, integrated THz detector-interferometer with optical cavity and antenna, exhibiting high sensitivity to the phase of incident THz light. We exploit this by determining the thickness of thin films placed in front of the detector-interferometer, obtaining a strongly sub-wavelength thickness accuracy of $\sim$5 $\mu$m, while we predict that an accuracy of 10 nm is within reach. This is relevant for a range of industrial application domains, including automotive, construction, and health. The detector-interferometer moreover exhibits a record-high external responsivity - without any normalization to a diffraction-limited spot size - of 73 mA/W and a noise-equivalent power of 79 pW$~\rm{Hz}^{-1/2}$. This performance is due to enhanced absorption at the cavity mode around 89 GHz, in agreement with multi-physics simulations. These results pave the way to exploiting coherent wave detection in the THz regime with utility in spectroscopy, next-generation wireless communication, and beyond. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03308v1 - physics.optics - cond-mat.mes-hall - cond-mat.mtrl-sci - physics.app-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Ronny de la Bastida, Enzo Rongione, Karuppasamy Pandian Soundarapandian, Ioannis Vangelidis, Anand Nivedan, David Saleta Reig, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Elefterios Lidorikis, Frank H. L. Koppens, Sebasti\'an Castilla, Klaas-Jan Tielrooij - - - Conventional Scintillation Statistics with Turbulence Impacted Coupled Dipole Oscillation - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03318 - arXiv:2511.03318v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: We investigate the propagation of optical fields through polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) rods under atmospheric turbulence conditions, employing a generalized Lorentz dipole oscillator model with nonlinear restoring forces and dipole-dipole coupling. The theoretical framework incorporates second- and third-order anharmonic terms ($\beta_i|r_i|r_i$ and $\alpha_i|r_i|^2r_i$) alongside dyadic Green's function-mediated coupling between localized dipoles. Gradient forces arising from spatially non-uniform field distributions and Lorentz force perturbations are incorporated through d'Alembert's principle, revealing an effective inertia mechanism that opposes rapid field redistribution. Modal diagonalization demonstrates that synchronized dipole oscillations can compensate turbulence-induced wavefront distortions, with the perturbation force $\delta F_{\text{Pert}}(t) = F'_{\text{Inertia}} - F_{\text{Inertia}}$ governing the compensation efficacy. Experimental verification employs a pseudo-random phase plate (PRPP) generating Kolmogorov-spectrum turbulence, with 200 frames recorded across four configurations: baseline, turbulence-only, and turbulence with one or two PMMA rods. Statistical analysis quantifies scintillation index variations. Results indicate that dipole-dipole coupling energy transitions enable partial turbulence compensation when stronger suppression observed for longer propagation paths through increased synchronization. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03318v1 - physics.optics - physics.app-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Shouvik Sadhukhan, C. S. Narayanamurthy - - - Far-UVC Field Emission Device at 226 nm and its Sub-Nanometer thick GaN/AlN Quantum Well Anode - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03321 - arXiv:2511.03321v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: We report on unique features of ultra-thin GaN/AlN quantum wells and demonstrate a new field emission device for human-safe disinfection with an external quantum efficiency of 18% and superior reliability, as compared to far-UVC LEDs. We investigate the behavior of a Shockley-Read-Hall recombination via Al vacancies-oxygen complexes in AlN barriers as a function of GaN well thickness and come to the conclusion that direct relaxation of confined states via mid-gap traps is prohibited and the main mechanism limiting the quantum efficiency (QE) is the carrier escape followed by non-radiative SRH recombination in the AlN barriers. As a consequence, the QE is highly dependent on the defect density, QW width and temperature which allowed us to reach a descent emissions at 226 nm wavelength although at wall plug efficiency being low, at 0.02%. We build a complete Light-Current-Voltage model and find that present device performance is limited by the self-heating and by the Child's space charge effect, both limitations can be easily addressed with some additional engineering efforts. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03321v1 - physics.optics - physics.app-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ - D. L. Boiko, P. Demolon, J. -F. Carlin, E. Eriksson, A. Hoogerwerf, K. Bach Gravesen, A. Brimnes Gardner, M. -A. Dubois, P. T{\o}nning, E. Zanchetta Ulsig, M. Marin, J. Tingsborg, N. Volet - - - Isolated quantum-state networks in ultracold molecules - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03324 - arXiv:2511.03324v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Precise control over rotational angular momentum is at the heart of recent advances in quantum chemistry, quantum simulation, and quantum computation with ultracold bialkali molecules. Each rotational state comprises a rich manifold of hyperfine states arising from combinations of rotation and nuclear spins; this often yields hundreds of transitions available between a given pair of rotational states, and the efficient navigation of this complex space is a current challenge for experiments. Here, we describe a general approach based on a simple heuristic and graph theory to quickly identify optimal sets of states in ultracold bialkali molecules. We explain how to find pathways through the many available transitions to prepare the molecule in a specific state with maximum speed for any desired fidelity. We then examine networks of states where multiple couplings are present at the same time. As example applications, we first identify a closed loop of four states in the RbCs molecule where there is minimal population leakage out of the loop during simultaneous microwave coupling; we then extend the optimisation procedure to account for decoherence induced by magnetic-field noise and obtain an optimal set of 3 states for quantum computation applications. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03324v1 - physics.atom-ph - quant-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Tom R. Hepworth, Simon L. Cornish, Philip D. Gregory - - - First global gyrokinetic profile predictions of ITER burning plasma - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03336 - arXiv:2511.03336v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: In this work, we present the first global gyrokinetic simulations of the ITER baseline scenario operating at 15 MA using GENE-Tango electrostatic and electromagnetic simulations. The modeled radial region spans close to the magnetic axis up to rho_tor = 0.6. Our results show a pronounced density peaking, moderated by electromagnetic fluctuations. The predicted fusion gain for this scenario is Q = 12.2, aligning well with ITER's mission objectives. We further characterize the turbulence spectra and find that electromagnetic modes, such as microtearing modes, kinetic ballooning modes, and Alfvenic ion temperature gradient modes at low binormal wave numbers, play a critical role in the core transport of this ITER scenario, necessitating high numerical resolution for accurate modeling. Local flux-tube simulations qualitatively reproduce the key features observed in the global gyrokinetic simulations but exhibit a much higher sensitivity to profile gradients, reflecting increased stiffness, likely due to the linearization of the equilibrium profiles and safety factor. Our study also reveals that the imposed external toroidal rotation profiles have a negligible impact on turbulent transport, as their magnitudes are substantially lower than the dominant linear growth rates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the safety factor profile is of paramount importance: scenarios featuring flat q profiles with near-zero magnetic shear lead to the destabilization of kinetic ballooning modes in the plasma core, significantly enhancing turbulent transport and potentially degrading confinement. Finally, although electron temperature gradient turbulence initially appears large, sometimes exceeding ion-scale transport levels, it is ultimately quenched over long timescales by secular evolution of zonal flows, which are weakly damped under the very low collisionality conditions expected in ITER. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03336v1 - physics.plasm-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - A. Di Siena, C. Bourdelle, A. Ba\~n\'on Navarro, G. Merlo, T. G\"orler, E. Fransson, A. Polevoi, S. H. Kim, F. Koechl, A. Loarte, E. Fable, C. Angioni, P. Mantica, F. Jenko - - - Impact of Wave Interference on the Consistency Relations of Internal Gravity Waves near the Ocean Bottom - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03355 - arXiv:2511.03355v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Consistency relations of internal gravity waves (IGWs) describe ratios of cross-spectral quantities as functions of frequency. It has been a common practice to evaluate the measured or simulated signals (e.g., time series of velocity, density, etc.) against the consistency relations, as a way to determine whether an oceanic field of interest is comprised of IGWs. One such study is carried out in Nelson et al. (JGR Oceans, 125(5), 2020, e2019JC015974), which certifies that the ocean interior field in a numerical simulation of a region southwest of Hawaii is dominated by IGWs, through evaluating the consistency relations derived from time series at a depth of 620 m. However, we find that when the same procedure is applied at greater depths (e.g., 2362 m, 3062 m, and 4987 m), a clear deviation of the simulated signal from the classical consistency relations is observed. In this paper, we identify the reason for the unexpected deviation and show that it is a general phenomenon due to interference of low vertical modes under the reflection by the ocean bottom. We further derive a new set of formulae to characterize the consistency relations of these low modes and validate these formulae using model output. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03355v1 - physics.ao-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Guangyao Wang, Yue Wu, Yulin Pan, Kayhan Momeni, Joseph Skitka, Dimitris Menemenlis, Brian K. Arbic, William R. Peltier - - - Exploring the role of hyperbolicity in surface enhanced Raman sensing - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03387 - arXiv:2511.03387v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: A plasmonic nanostructure-based substrate, serving as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, enhances the Raman scattering of molecules. By employing an electron beam lithography followed by our recently developed nano-electroplating protocol, a gold nanorod array SERS substrate can be fabricated to detect lower molecular analyte concentrations, such as Rhodamine 6G (R6G) solution. As the critical dimensions of the nanorod array decrease, they exhibit hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) characteristics with anisotropic permittivity behavior. In our study, we fabricated two sets of nanorod arrays: one in the HMM regime (140 nm periodicity) and the other in the non-HMM regime (400 nm periodicity), aiming to evaluate the performance of each set based on R6G detection. The obtained results are compared and analyzed using COMSOL simulation and Raman mapping and the role of hyperbolicity is discussed. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03387v1 - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Mihir Kumar Sahoo, Abhay Anand V S, Nihar Ranjan Sahoo, Anshuman Kumar - - - Force-Based Reading and Writing of Individual Single-Atom Magnets - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03413 - arXiv:2511.03413v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: The integration of single-atom bits enables the realization of the highest data-density memory. Reading and writing information to these bits through mechanical interactions opens the possibility of operating the magnetic devices with low heat generation and high density recording. To achieve this visionary goal, we demonstrate the use of magnetic exchange force microscopy to read and write the spin orientation of individual holmium adatoms on MgO thin films. The spin orientation of the holmium adatom is stabilized by the strong uniaxial anisotropy of the adsorption site and can be read out by measuring the exchange forces between the magnetic tip and the atom. The spin orientation can be written by approaching the tip closer to the holmium adatom.We explain this writing mechanism by the symmetry reduction of the adsorption site of the Ho adatom. These findings demonstrate the potential for information storage with minimal energy loss and pave the way for a new field of atomic-scale mechano-spintronics. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03413v1 - physics.app-ph - cond-mat.mes-hall - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Yuuki Adachi, Kazuki Ueda, Yuuki Yasui, Yoshiaki Sugimoto - - - Design and development of optical modules for the BUTTON-30 detector - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03417 - arXiv:2511.03417v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: BUTTON-30 is a neutrino detector demonstrator located in the STFC Boulby underground facility in the north-east of England. The main goal of the project is to deploy and test the performance of the gadolinium-loaded water-based liquid scintillator for neutrino detection in an underground environment. This will pave the way for a future large-volume neutrino observatory that can also perform remote monitoring of nuclear reactors for nonproliferation. This paper describes the design and construction of the watertight optical modules of the experiment. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03417v1 - physics.ins-det - hep-ex - nucl-ex - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - D. S. Bhattacharya, J. Bae, M. Bergevin, J. Boissevain, S. Boyd, K. Bridges, L. Capponi, J. Coleman, D. Costanzo, T. Cunniffe, S. A. Dazeley, M. V. Diwan, S. R. Durham, E. Ellingwood, A. Enqvist, T. Gamble, S. Gokhale, J. Gooding, C. Graham, E. Gunger, W. Hopkins, I. Jovanovic, T. Kaptanoglu, E. Kneale, L. Lebanowski, K. Lester, V. A. Li, M. Malek, C. Mauger, N. McCauley, C. Metelko, R. Mills, A. Morgan, F. Muheim, A. Murphy, M. Needham, K. Ogren, G. D. Orebi Gann, K. Y. Oyulmaz, S. M. Paling, A. F. Papatyi, G. Pinkney, J. Puputti, S. Quillin, B. Richards, R. Rosero, A. Scarff, Y. Schnellbach, P. R. Scovell, B. Seitz, L. Sexton, O. Shea, G. D. Smith, R. Svoboda, D. Swinnock, A. Tarrant, F. Thomson, J. N. Tinsley, C. Toth, A. Us\'on, M. Vagins, J. Webster, S. Woodford, G. Yang, M. Yeh, E. Zhemchugov - - - Ultrafast Reconfigurable Topological Photonic Processing Accelerator - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03432 - arXiv:2511.03432v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: The rise of artificial intelligence has triggered exponential growth in data volume, demanding rapid and efficient processing. High-speed, energy-efficient, and parallel-scalable computing hardware is thus increasingly critical. We demonstrate a wafer-scale non-volatile topological photonic computing chip using topological modulators. Leveraging the GHz-speed electro-optic response and nonvolatility of ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films via topological photonic confinement, Our chip enables thousand-fold faster reconfiguration, zero-static-power operation, and a computational density of 266 trillion operations per second per square millimeter . This density surpasses that of silicon photonic reconfigurable computing chips by two orders of magnitude and thin-film lithium niobate platforms by four orders of magnitude. A 16-channel wavelength-space multiplexed chip delivers 1.92 TOPS throughput with 95.64% digit-recognition accuracy and 94.5% precision for solving time-varying partial differential equations. Additionally, the chip supports functional reconfiguration for high bandwidth density optical I/O. This work establishes ferroelectric topological photonics for efficient high-speed photonic tensor processing. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03432v1 - physics.optics - physics.app-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Wenfeng Zhou, Xin Wang, Xun Zhang, Yuqi Chen, Min Sun, Jingchi Li, Xiong Ni, Yahui Zhu, Qingqing Han, Jungan Wang, Chen Yang, Bin Li, Feng Qiu, Yikai Su, Yong Zhang - - - QMeCha: quantum Monte Carlo package for fermions in embedding environments - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03439 - arXiv:2511.03439v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: We present the first open access version of the QMeCha (Quantum MeCha) code, a quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) package developed to study many-body interactions between different types of quantum particles, with a modular and easy-to-expand structure. The present code has been built to solve the Hamiltonian of a system that can include nuclei and fermions of different mass and charge, e.g. electrons and positrons, embedded in an environment of classical charges and quantum Drude oscillators. To approximate the ground state of this many-particle operator, the code features different wavefunctions. For the fermionic particles, beyond the traditional Slater determinant, QMeCha also includes Geminal functions such as the Pfaffian, and presents different types of explicit correlation terms in the Jastrow factors. The classical point charges and quantum Drude oscillators, described through different variational ans\"atze, are used to model a molecular environment capable of explicitly describing dispersion, polarization, and electrostatic effects experienced by the nuclear and fermionic subsystem. To integrate these wavefunctions, efficient variational Monte Carlo and diffusion Monte Carlo protocols have been developed, together with a robust wavefunction optimization procedure that features correlated sampling. In conclusion, QMeCha is a massively parallel code introduced here to explore quantum correlation effects in mixed systems with thousands of fermions and bosonic particles, beyond what was previously accessible to other reference methods. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03439v1 - physics.chem-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ - Matteo Barborini, Jorge Charry, Matej Ditte, Andronikos Leventis, Georgios Kafanas, Alexandre Tkatchenko - - - Rebound Suppression Mechanisms of Particle-Filled Flexible Shells for Small Body Landings - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03449 - arXiv:2511.03449v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: The extremely weak gravity on small bodies makes landers prone to rebound and uncontrolled drift. To mitigate this, the Hayabusa2 mission employed a particle-filled flexible shell, but the coupled dynamics of shell deformation and internal particle dissipation remain unclear. We develop a computational model representing the flexible shell as a spring-mass network and fully resolve particle collisions, friction, and interactions with granular beds. Results show the flexible shell-granule system dissipates over 90 percent of impact energy, far exceeding rigid shells. Energy loss arises from shell-particle coupling, with the particle filling ratio dominating. Impacts on rigid planes produce large shell deformation, while granular beds limit deformation. Scaling and velocity analyses reveal distinct dissipation regimes. These findings clarify energy transfer mechanisms and inform the design of microgravity impact mitigation devices. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03449v1 - physics.space-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Tongge Wen, Xiaoyu Yang, Sudeshna Roy, Thorsten P\"oschel, Xiangyuan Zeng - - - Spatiotemporal statistics of the dissipation rate at the boundary of a turbulent flow using Diffusing-Wave Spectroscopy - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03462 - arXiv:2511.03462v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: We use Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) to perform the first direct space- and time-resolved measurement of the dissipation rate~$\epsilon$ at the boundary of a turbulent flow. We have shown in a previous publication that this technique provides maps of the dissipation rate of Newtonian fluids~\cite{Francisco}. Here, we apply the technique at the boundary of a turbulent flow generated in a square box by an impeller stirring the fluids. Although the measurement is made on a small region near the boundary, we show that the dissipation remains proportional to the injected power and follows the turbulent scaling $\epsilon \propto \mathrm{Re}^3$, with Re being the Reynolds number ranging from $1.5 \times 10^4$ to $6 \times 10^5$. With this flow, there is no need for logarithmic corrections to reproduce the dissipation near the flat boundary. In addition, our setup allows us to measure the spatio-temporal fluctuations of the dissipation near the boundary. These fluctuations are quite large (the relative fluctuations are about 50\%) and are well described by a log-normal distribution, as expected for the dissipation rate in the bulk of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence (HIT) but Power Density Spectra (PDS) do not correspond to those expected for HIT \cite{Li07,Graham16,K62} - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03462v1 - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Enzo Francisco, Julien Lambret, S\'ebastien Auma\^itre - - - Cost Reducing Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage for Long Duration Energy Storage Applications - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03463 - arXiv:2511.03463v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Long-duration energy storage (LDES) is vital for decarbonizing the energy system but faces economic challenges, including high upfront costs, low trading frequency, and limited revenue in current electricity markets. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is a promising LDES solution, though its economic viability, especially for long storage durations beyond lithium-ion battery capabilities, remains unclear. To address this, here we compiled and analyzed a global emerging adiabatic CAES cost database, showing a continuous cost reduction with an experience rate of 15% as capacities scaled from 10MW to 100MW. Our lifecycle discounted cash flow analysis suggests that adiabatic CAES could achieve economic viability for 10-100 hour storage durations, particularly with optimal geological siting to lower storage costs. This economically viable LDES option will enable large-scale grid balancing and support renewable integration over multi-day periods, making it a valuable asset for advancing deep decarbonization of energy systems. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03463v1 - physics.soc-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Danlei Yang, Yang Wang, Jihong Wang, Zhenhua Rui, Wei He - - - Resonant states reveal strong light-matter coupling in nanophotonic cavities - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03468 - arXiv:2511.03468v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Photonic resonances are a powerful tool for controlling light-matter interactions. However, unlocking many of the most scientifically intriguing and technologically promising phenomena requires entering the strong coupling regime, where light and matter fully mix, unlocking emergent properties of the coupled states. Nowadays, distinguishing between weak and strong coupling primarily relies on studying the optical response of the hybrid system at real frequencies, which only provides indirect estimates of the underlying resonant dynamics. In contrast, the actual resonances live at complex frequencies. Resolving this contradiction, we show that photonic resonant states provide the framework to unambiguously quantify the strength of light-matter interaction, enabling a rigorous distinction between weak and strong coupling regimes. Assuming a single dominant resonant state of the bare photonic resonator, we derive an effective Hamiltonian that captures the interaction between the photonic resonator and an arbitrary number of material resonances. Our analysis reveals that, unlike most coupled-oscillator models commonly employed in the literature, hybridization not only introduces off-diagonal coupling but also shifts the bare eigenfrequency of the photonic mode. We demonstrate the accuracy of this approach by studying planar and spherical silver resonators filled with a molecular material whose properties were extracted from quantum-chemical simulations. Our work paves the way towards a unified description of light-matter coupling in open photonic environments. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03468v1 - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ - Jan David Fischbach, Sergei Gladyshev, Adri\`a Can\'os Valero, Markus Nyman, Thomas Weiss, Carsten Rockstuhl - - - Performance Evaluation of a Position-Sensitive SiPM-based Gamma Camera for Intraoperative Imaging - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03493 - arXiv:2511.03493v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: The POSiCS camera is a handheld, small field-of-view gamma camera developed for multipurpose use in radio-guided surgery (RGS), with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) as its benchmark application. This compact and lightweight detector (weighing approximately 350 g) can map tissues labeled with Tc-99m nanocolloids and guide surgeons to the location of target lesions. By enabling intraoperative visualization in close proximity to the surgical field, its primary objective is to minimize surgical interventional invasiveness and operative time, thereby enhancing localization accuracy and reducing the incidence of post-operative complications. The design and components of the POSiCS camera emphasize ergonomic handling and compactness, providing, at the same time, rapid image formation and a spatial resolution of a few millimeters. These features are compatible with routine operating-room workflow, including wireless communication with the computer and a real-time display to support surgeon decision-making. - The spatial resolution measured at a source-detector distance of 0 cm was 1.9 +/- 0.1 mm for the high-sensitivity mode and 1.4 +/- 0.1 mm for the high-resolution mode. The system sensitivity at 2 cm was evaluated as 481 +/- 14 cps/MBq (high sensitivity) and 134 +/- 8 cps/MBq (high resolution). For both working modes, we report an energy resolution of approximately 20 percent, even though the high-resolution collimator exhibits an increased scattered component due to the larger amount of tungsten. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03493v1 - physics.med-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Aramis Raiola, Fabio Acerbi, Cyril Alispach, Domenico della Volpe, Hossein Arabi, Alberto Gola, Habib Zaidi - - - Beam Cleaning and Collimation Systems - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03511 - arXiv:2511.03511v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Collimation systems in particle accelerators are designed to safely and efficiently dispose of unavoidable beam losses during operation. Their specific roles vary depending on the type of accelerator. The state of the art in hadron beam collimation for high-intensity, high-energy superconducting colliders is exemplified by the system implemented at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this machine, the stored beam energy reaches levels several orders of magnitude higher than the tiny energy required to quench superconducting magnets. It also exceeds by orders of magnitude the damage thresholds of typical accelerator components, placing stringent demands on beam loss control. Collimation systems are therefore essential for the reliable daily operation of modern accelerators. This lecture reviews the design of a multistage collimation system, using the LHC as a case study. The LHC collimation system has achieved unprecedented cleaning performance, with a level of complexity unmatched by any other accelerator. Design aspects and operational challenges of such large-scale collimation systems are also discussed. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03511v1 - physics.acc-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Stefano Redaelli - - - Group 13 Metals as L-Type Ligands for Transition Metals - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03513 - arXiv:2511.03513v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Low-valent Group 13 fragments can serve as neutral two-electron L-type metalloligands to transition-metal (TM) centers, enabling heterometallic M-TM platforms with bonding and reactivity patterns distinct from classical CO, phosphine, and carbene ligation. This chapter develops a unifying, descriptor-based view of aluminylene Al(I), gallylene Ga(I), and indylene In(I) donors, and contrasts them with the limited L-type behavior of Tl(I). We map synthetic gateways to isolable M(I) donors, analyze their sigma-donation/pi-acceptance profiles, and extract periodic design rules in which the sigma-donor strength decreases Al > Ga > In, whereas Tl(I) has not yet been convincingly shown to engage in neutral L-type Tl->TM coordination. Borderline cases that blur L-, X-, and Z-type classifications are also examined to clarify descriptors and guide consistent usage across the series. This contribution links ligand sterics/electronics, ambiphilicity at M(I), and the chosen TM fragment to guide the rational design of M-TM platforms that harness Group-13 M(I) donors for small-molecule activation and cooperative catalysis. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03513v1 - physics.chem-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Hellen Videa, M. Angeles Fuentes, Antonio J. Martinez-Martinez - - - Symmetry Breaking and Mie-tronic Supermodes in Nonlocal Metasurfaces - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03560 - arXiv:2511.03560v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Breaking symmetry in Mie-resonant metasurfaces challenges the conventional view that it weakens optical confinement. Within the Mie-tronics framework, we show that symmetry breaking can instead enhance light trapping by strengthening in-plane nonlocal coupling pathways. Through diffraction and multiple-scattering analyses, we demonstrate that diffractive bands and Mie-tronic supermodes originate from the same underlying Mie resonances but differ fundamentally in physical nature. Finite arrays exhibit Q-factor enhancement driven by redistributed radiation channels, reversing the trend predicted by infinite-lattice theory. We further show that controlled symmetry breaking opens new electromagnetic coupling channels, enabling polarization conversion in nonlocal metasurfaces. These findings establish a unified wave picture linking scattering and diffraction theories and outline design principles for multifunctional metasurfaces that exploit nonlocality for advanced light manipulation, computation, and emission control. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03560v1 - physics.optics - cond-mat.dis-nn - cond-mat.mes-hall - physics.app-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Thanh Xuan Hoang, Ayan Nussupbekov, Jie Ji, Daniel Leykam, Jaime Gomez Rivas, Yuri Kivshar - - - ENDF/B-VIII.1: Updated Nuclear Reaction Data Library for Science and Applications - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03564 - arXiv:2511.03564v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: The ENDF/B-VIII.1 library is the newest recommended evaluated nuclear data file by the Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG) for use in nuclear science and technology applications, and incorporates advances made in the six years since the release of ENDF/B-VIII.0. Among key advances made are that the $^{239}$Pu file was reevaluated by a joint international effort and that updated $^{16,18}$O, $^{19}$F, $^{28-30}$Si, $^{50-54}$Cr, $^{55}$Mn, $^{54,56,57}$Fe, $^{63,65}$Cu, $^{139}$La, $^{233,235,238}$U, and $^{240,241}$Pu neutron nuclear data from the IAEA coordinated INDEN collaboration were adopted. Over 60 neutron dosimetry cross sections were adopted from the IAEA's IRDFF-II library. In addition, the new library includes significant changes for $^3$He, $^6$Li,$^9$Be, $^{51}$V, $^{88}$Sr, $^{103}$Rh, $^{140,142}$Ce, Dy, $^{181}$Ta, Pt, $^{206-208}$Pb, and $^{234,236}$U neutron data, and new nuclear data for the photonuclear, charged-particle and atomic sublibraries. Numerous thermal neutron scattering kernels were reevaluated or provided for the very first time. On the covariance side, work was undertaken to introduce better uncertainty quantification standards and testing for nuclear data covariances. The significant effort to reevaluate important nuclides has reduced bias in the simulations of many integral experiments with particular progress noted for fluorine, copper, and stainless steel containing benchmarks. Data issues hindered the successful deployment of the previous ENDF/B-VIII.0 for commercial nuclear power applications in high burnup situations. These issues were addressed by improving the $^{238}$U and $^{239,240,241}$Pu evaluated data in the resonance region. The new library performance as a function of burnup is similar to the reference ENDF/B-VII.1 library. The ENDF/B-VIII.1 data are available in ENDF-6 and GNDS format at https://doi.org/10.11578/endf/2571019. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03564v1 - physics.app-ph - nucl-ex - nucl-th - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - G. P. A. Nobre, R. Capote, M. T. Pigni, A. Trkov, C. M. Mattoon, D. Neudecker, D. A. Brown, M. B. Chadwick, A. C. Kahler, N. A. Kleedtke, M. Zerkle, A. I. Hawari, C. W. Chapman, N. C. Fleming, J. L. Wormald, K. Rami\'c, Y. Danon, N. A. Gibson, P. Brain, M. W. Paris, G. M. Hale, I. J. Thompson, D. P. Barry, I. Stetcu, W. Haeck, A. E. Lovell, M. R. Mumpower, G. Potel, K. Kravvaris, G. Noguere, J. D. McDonnell, A. D. Carlson, M. Dunn, T. Kawano, D. Wiarda, I. Al-Qasir, G. Arbanas, R. Arcilla, B. Beck, D. Bernard, R. Beyer, J. M. Brown, O. Cabellos, R. J. Casperson, Y. Cheng, E. V. Chimanski, R. Coles, M. Cornock, J. Cotchen, J. P. W. Crozier, D. E. Cullen, A. Daskalakis, M. -A. Descalle, D. D. DiJulio, P. Dimitriou, A. C. Dreyfuss, I. Dur\'an, R. Ferrer, T. Gaines, V. Gillette, G. Gert, K. H. Guber, J. D. Haverkamp, M. W. Herman, J. Holmes, M. Hursin, N. Jisrawi, A. R. Junghans, K. J. Kelly, H. I. Kim, K. S. Kim, A. J. Koning, M. Ko\v{s}t\'al, B. K. Laramee, A. Lauer-Coles, L. Leal, H. Y. Lee, A. M. Lewis, J. Malec, J. I. M\'arquez Dami\'an, W. J. Marshall, A. Mattera, G. Muhrer, A. Ney, W. E. Ormand, D. K. Parsons, C. M. Percher, V. G. Pronyaev, A. Qteish, S. Quaglioni, M. Rapp, J. J. Ressler, M. Rising, D. Rochman, P. K. Romano, D. Roubtsov, G. Schnabel, M. Schulc, G. J. Siemers, A. A. Sonzogni, P. Talou, J. Thompson, T. H. Trumbull, S. C. van der Marck, M. Vorabbi, C. Wemple, K. A. Wendt, M. White, R. Q. Wright - - - Efficient Implementation of the Spin-Free Renormalized Internally-Contracted Multireference Coupled Cluster Theory - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03567 - arXiv:2511.03567v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: In this paper, an efficient implementation of the renormalized internally-contracted multreference coupled cluster with singles and doubles (RIC-MRCCSD) into the ORCA quantum chemistry program suite is reported. To this end, Evangelista's Wick&d equation generator was combined with ORCA's native AGE code generator in order to implement the many-body residuals required for the RIC-MRCCSD method. Substantial efficiency gains are realized by deriving a spin-free formulation instead of the previously reported spin-orbital version developed by some of us. Since AGE produces parallelized code, the resulting implementation can directly be run in parallel with substantial speedups when executed on multiple cores. In terms of runtime, the cost of RIC-MRCCSD is shown to be between single-reference RHF-CCSD and UHF-CCSD, even when active space spaces as large as CAS(14,14) are considered. This achievement is largely due to the fact that no reduced density matrices (RDM) or cumulants higher than three-body enter the formalism. The scalability of the method to large systems is furthermore demonstrated by computing the ground-state of a vitamin B12 model comprised of an active space of CAS(12, 12) and 809 orbitals. In terms of accuracy, RIC-MRCCSD is carefully compared to second- and approximate fourth-order $n$-electron valence state perturbation theories (NEVPT2, NEVPT4(SD)), to the multireference zeroth-order coupled-electron pair approximation (CEPA(0)), as well as to the IC-MRCCSD from Kohn. In contrast to RIC-MRCCSD, the IC-MRCCSD equations are entirely derived by AGE using the conventional projection-based approach, which, however, leads to much higher algorithmic complexity than the former as well as the necessity to calculate up to the five-body RDMs. Remaining challenges such as the variation of the results with the flow, a free parameter that enters the RIC-MRCCSD theory, are discussed. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03567v1 - physics.chem-ph - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Kalman Szenes, Riya Kayal, Kantharuban Sivalingam, Robin Feldmann, Frank Neese, Markus Reiher - - - Radiation damage study of a p-type silicon sensor under extreme particle fluence - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03573 - arXiv:2511.03573v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: We investigate the radiation tolerance of p-type silicon pad sensors, indigenously developed for use in high-fluence environments relevant to heavy-ion collider experiments, cosmic-ray observatories, and deep-space missions. Single-pad test structures were irradiated with neutrons over a range of fluence, and post-irradiation performance was characterized. The evolution of leakage current and the calorimetric response of the devices were systematically analyzed as functions of accumulated neutron fluence. In addition, we introduce a simple exponential-annealing model that predicts the time dependence of leakage current after irradiation. The measurements and model together quantify performance degradation and recovery trends, providing guidance for the design and operation of silicon-based calorimetry in harsh radiation environments. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03573v1 - physics.ins-det - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ - Arun Kumar Yadava, Sanjib Muhuri, Anup Kumar Sikdar, Subikash Choudhury, Sourav Mukhopadhyay, Jogender Saini, Mitul Abhangi, Ratnesh Kumar, Sudhirsinh Vala, Zubayer Ahammed - - - Encoding electronic ground-state information with variational even-tempered basis sets - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03579 - arXiv:2511.03579v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: We propose a system-oriented basis-set design based on even-tempered basis functions to variationally encode electronic ground-state information into molecular orbitals. First, we introduce a reduced formalism of concentric even-tempered orbitals that achieves hydrogen energy accuracy on par with the conventional formalism, with lower optimization cost and improved scalability. Second, we propose a symmetry-adapted, even-tempered formalism specifically designed for molecular systems. It requires only primitive S-subshell Gaussian-type orbitals and uses two parameters to characterize all exponent coefficients. In the case of the diatomic hydrogen molecule, the basis set generated by this formalism produces a dissociation curve more consistent with cc-pV5Z than cc-pVTZ at the size of aug-cc-pVDZ. Finally, we test our even-tempered formalism against several types of tetra-atomic hydrogen molecules for ground-state computation and point out its current limitations and potential improvements. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03579v1 - physics.chem-ph - cond-mat.str-el - physics.atom-ph - physics.comp-ph - quant-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ - Weishi Wang, Casey Dowdle, James D. Whitfield - - - 2D Addressable Mid-infrared Metasurface Spatial Light Modulator - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03583 - arXiv:2511.03583v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Active metasurfaces enable dynamic control of light for applications in beam steering, pixelated holography, and adaptive optics, but demonstrations of two-dimensional (2D) electrically addressable arrays have so far been limited. Here we introduce a scalable 2D architecture based on phase-change materials (PCMs) integrated metasurfaces and apply it to realize the first transmissive mid-infrared (mid-IR) spatial light modulator (SLM). The device is fabricated through standard silicon photonic foundry processing combined with backend-of-line (BEOL) integration and employs multilayer backend metal interconnects to implement a crossbar addressing scheme. Each pixel is integrated with a silicon diode selector to suppress sneak-path currents, a feature essential for scaling to large arrays. The result establishes a foundry-compatible route to high-density, large-area active metasurfaces with independently tunable pixels. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03583v1 - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Cosmin-Constantin Popescu, Maarten Robbert Anton Peters, Oleg Maksimov, Harish Bhandari, Rashi Sharma, Kathleen Richardson, Arka Majumdar, Hyun Jung Kim, Rui Chen, Khoi Phuong Dao, Luigi Ranno, Brian Mills, Dennis Calahan, Tian Gu, Juejun Hu - - - Super-resolution Optical Near-field EM for bio- and materials science - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03597 - arXiv:2511.03597v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Microscopy has been key to tremendous advances in science, technology, and medicine, revealing structure and dynamics across time and length scales. However, combining high spatial and temporal resolution in a non-invasive, label-free imaging technique remains a central challenge in microscopy. Here, we introduce Optical Near-field Electron Microscopy (ONEM), a method that converts optical near-field intensity patterns into photoelectron emission, enabling nanometer-scale imaging using low-energy electron microscopy. ONEM achieves 31 nm spatial and sub-second temporal resolution without exposing the sample to electrons, preserving structural and functional integrity. We demonstrate ONEM across three distinct domains: imaging polarization-dependent plasmon modes in metal nanostructures; visualizing live Escherichia coli in liquid with orientation-resolved contrast in 3D; and capturing real-time electrodeposition of copper nanoclusters from solution. These results establish ONEM as a versatile platform for damage-free super-resolution imaging of interface dynamics in both vacuum and liquid, with broad implications for biology, electrochemistry, and nanophotonics. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03597v1 - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ - Ilia Zykov, Guido Stam, Hanieh Jafarian, Amin Moradi, Peter Neu, Rudolf Tromp, Mariana Amaro, Thomas Juffmann, Sense van der Molen - - - Disentangling Internal Tides from Balanced Motions with Deep Learning and Surface Field Synergy - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03614 - arXiv:2511.03614v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: A fundamental challenge in ocean dynamics is the disentanglement of balanced motions and internal waves. Extracting internal tidal (IT) imprints on surface data is a central part of this challenge. For IT extraction, traditional harmonic analysis fails in the presence of strong incoherence and poor temporal sampling, as is common in global satellite observations. The advent of new wide-swath satellites, which provide two-dimensional spatial coverage, allows IT extraction to be reformulated as an image translation problem. Building on recent work where we developed a deep learning approach to extract IT signatures from sea surface height (SSH) in an idealized turbulent simulation, we show here that a simpler and computationally cheaper algorithm can perform equally well if the learning rate is annealed during training. Using this new, convenient algorithm, we experiment with different combinations of input surface fields -- SSH, surface temperature, and surface velocity. All fields contribute synergistically to disentanglement, with surface velocity by far the most informative. These findings underscore the value of coordinated multi-platform observational campaigns and highlight the critical importance of surface velocity observations for separating balanced motions and internal waves. Additional insights into the behavior of deep learning algorithm emerge: both wave signature and scattering medium aids IT extraction, and to exploit large-scale information in the scattering medium, the algorithm must be highly non-local. Residual errors of our algorithm concentrate at small spatial scales near mode-2 tidal wavelengths, likely arising from artifacts introduced during data preparation (e.g., Doppler shifts) as well as imperfections in the deep learning architecture. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03614v1 - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Han Wang, Jeffrey Uncu, Kaushik Srinivasan, Nicolas Grisouard - - - Exchange controls coarsening of surface condensates - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03619 - arXiv:2511.03619v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Biological membranes often exhibit heterogeneous protein patterns, which cells control. Strong patterns, like the polarity spot in budding yeast, can be described as surface condensates, formed by physical interactions between constituents. However, it is unclear how these interactions affect the material exchange with the bulk. To study this, we analyze a thermodynamically consistent model, which reveals that passive exchange generally accelerates the coarsening of surface condensates. Active exchange can further accelerate coarsening, although it can also fully arrest it and induce complex patterns involving various length scales. We reveal how these behaviors are related to non-local transport via diffusion through the bulk, rationalizing the various scaling laws we observe and allowing us to interpret biologically relevant scenarios. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03619v1 - physics.bio-ph - cond-mat.soft - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Riccardo Rossetto, Marcel Ernst, David Zwicker - - - Polarization conversion using hybrid near-zero and high-index metamaterials - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03626 - arXiv:2511.03626v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Near-zero-refractive index materials display unique optical properties such as perfect transmission through distorted waveguides, cloaking, and inhibited diffraction. Compared to conventional media, they can fundamentally behave differently to light impinging from air, owing to the phenomenon of total external reflection. This makes them attractive for evanescent wave phenomena without prism coupling or sub-wavelength air gaps. Here, we introduce a strategy for linear-to-circular polarization conversion based on this effect. Practically realizable device designs are presented using hybrid structures of near-zero index and high index materials in a simple planar geometry. Our results predict polarization conversion in both reflection and transmission configurations based on naturally available epsilon-near-zero materials and illustrate the role of loss in limiting performance. Although the operation wavelength is limited to the epsilon-near-zero region, the concept can be implemented from the terahertz to optical domains using tunable epsilon-near-zero materials. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03626v1 - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Ben Johns, Hannes Kempf, Lakshmi Das, Aitor De Andr\'es, Nicol\`o Maccaferri - - - High-Q Superconducting Lumped-Element Resonators for Low-Mass Axion Searches - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03639 - arXiv:2511.03639v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Low-frequency superconducting lumped-element resonators have recently attracted significant attention in the context of axion dark matter searches. Here we present the design and implementation of a fixed-frequency superconducting resonator operating near $250~\mathrm{kHz}$, possessing an inductor volume of $\sim 1$ liter and achieving an unloaded quality factor $Q \approx 2.1\times10^{6}$. This resonator represents a significant improvement over the state of the art and informs the design of searches for low-mass axions. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03639v1 - physics.ins-det - astro-ph.IM - gr-qc - hep-ex - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ - Roman Kolevatov, Saptarshi Chaudhuri, Lyman Page - - - Fast droplet impact onto slowly moving deep pools - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03682 - arXiv:2511.03682v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: When a fast droplet impacts a pool, the resulting ejecta sheet dynamics determine the final impact outcome. At low Capillary numbers, the ejecta sheet remains separate from a deep static pool, whilst at higher viscosities it develops into a lamella. Here, we show that the common natural scenario of a slowly moving deep pool can change the upstream impact outcome, creating highly three-dimensional dynamics no longer characterised by a single descriptor. By considering how pool movement constrains the evolution of the ejecta sheet angle, we reach a length-scale invariant parameterisation for the upstream transition that holds for a wide range of fluids and impact conditions. Direct numerical simulations show similar dynamics for an equivalent oblique impact, indicating that the pool boundary layer does not play a decisive role for low pool-droplet speed ratios. Our results also provide insight into the physical mechanism that underpins pool impact outcomes more generally. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03682v1 - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Thomas C. Sykes, Luke F. L. Alventosa, J. Rafael Castrejon-Pita, Radu Cimpeanu, Daniel M. Harris, Alfonso A. Castrejon-Pita - - - Introducing Quantum Computing into Statistical Physics: Random Walks and the Ising Model with Qiskit - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03696 - arXiv:2511.03696v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Quantum computing offers a powerful new perspective on probabilistic and collective behaviors traditionally taught in statistical physics. This paper presents two classroom-ready modules that integrate quantum computing into the undergraduate curriculum using Qiskit: the quantum random walk and the Ising model. Both modules allow students to simulate and contrast classical and quantum systems, deepening their understanding of concepts such as superposition, interference, and statistical distributions. We outline the quantum circuits involved, provide sample code and student activities, and discuss how each example can be used to enhance student engagement with statistical physics. These modules are suitable for integration into courses in statistical mechanics, modern physics, or as part of an introductory unit on quantum computing. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03696v1 - physics.ed-ph - quant-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Zihan Li, Dan A. Mazilu, Irina Mazilu - - - Analytical Modeling of Asynchronous Event-Driven Readout Architectures Using Queueing Theory - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03705 - arXiv:2511.03705v1 Announce Type: new -Abstract: Event-driven imagers and sensor arrays commonly employ asynchronous arbiter trees with a synchronous acknowledge to serialize requests. We present an analytical framework that models the root as an \(M/D/1\) queue with deterministic quantum \(T\) and implements losses at the sources through one-slot gating. The admitted rate, loss probability, utilization, and mean sojourn time are coupled by self-consistent relations; a closed form for \(\mathbb{E}[S_t]\) separates fixed path delay \(\tau_0\) from queueing effects. The framework matches post-layout results of a physical prototype over light to heavy traffic, reproducing saturation at \(1/T\) and the observed latency growth, while classical \(M/G/1/K\) and Engset-type abstractions diverge at higher occupancy. Because all relations are algebraic, they enable rapid sizing at design time, including the impact of partitioning into independent tiles: reducing fan-in lowers arbitration depth and \(\tau_0\), decreases loss, and improves latency at fixed \(T\), with throughput adding across tiles. The model thereby links architectural parameters to performance metrics and supports selection of acknowledge period, tiling, and link count under practical constraints. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03705v1 - physics.ins-det - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - new - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Dominik S. G\'orni, Grzegorz W. Deptuch - - - Universal breathing mode scaling in harmonically trapped Fermi gases - https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20719 - arXiv:2510.20719v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: We derive universal, experiment ready analytic laws for the breathing (monopole) mode of harmonically trapped Fermi gases. Within a fixed hyperangular channel $s>0$, contact-weighted products of associated Laguerre polynomials reduce to an elementary gamma ratio, yielding: (i) a level resolved fractional breathing mode shift with scaling $\delta\omega/(2\omega)\propto Q^{-1}$, where $Q\equiv 2q+s+1$, with $q$ the radial quantum number; (ii) a first order quantum anomaly correction involving exactly two intermediate states, producing a $Q^{-2}$ falloff of the leaked monopole strength with an explicit prefactor; and (iii) a closed form finite temperature average exhibiting a low-$T$ plateau and a $1/T$ high-$T$ tail. We also obtain a mixed anomaly\nobreakdash-quartic correction for weak anharmonicity. All expressions become parameter free after a single per-channel calibration of the Tan contact $\lambda_s$ at $q=0$. - oai:arXiv.org:2510.20719v1 - cond-mat.quant-gas - physics.atom-ph - quant-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Miguel Tierz - - - AI-Enhanced Wi-Fi Sensing Through Single Transceiver Pair - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02845 - arXiv:2511.02845v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: The advancement of next-generation Wi-Fi technology heavily relies on sensing capabilities, which play a pivotal role in enabling sophisticated applications. In response to the growing demand for large-scale deployments, contemporary Wi-Fi sensing systems strive to achieve high-precision perception while maintaining minimal bandwidth consumption and antenna count requirements. Remarkably, various AI-driven perception technologies have demonstrated the ability to surpass the traditional resolution limitations imposed by radar theory. However, the theoretical underpinnings of this phenomenon have not been thoroughly investigated in existing research. In this study, we found that under hardware-constrained conditions, the performance gains brought by AI to Wi-Fi sensing systems primarily originate from two aspects: prior information and temporal correlation. Prior information enables the AI to generate plausible details based on vague input, while temporal correlation helps reduce the upper bound of sensing error. We developed an AI-based Wi-Fi sensing system using a single transceiver pair and designed experiments focusing on human pose estimation and indoor localization to validate the theoretical claims. The results confirm the performance gains contributed by temporal correlation and prior information. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.02845v1 - eess.SP - cs.AI - physics.ins-det - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Yuxuan Liu, Chiya Zhang, Yifeng Yuan, Chunlong He, Weizheng Zhang, Gaojie Chen - - - A model for positron annihilation in multi-layer systems by solving the diffusion equation using different positron affinities - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02889 - arXiv:2511.02889v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: We present a method for solving the positron diffusion equation in multi-layer systems. Our approach incorporates material-specific implantation profiles, diffusion parameters, and positron affinities. It utilizes a Markov chain approach to model annihilation probabilities and provides fitting capabilities for experimental S (lineshape) parameter data. We have implemented this algorithm in Python and made it available for free under the name LIMPID. To demonstrate its performance, we analyze depth-resolved Doppler-Broadening Spectroscopy measurements of a Cu layer on a Si substrate, achieving excellent agreement with the experimental profiles. The LIMPID tool enhances the reproducibility and comparability of positron defect characterization measurements across different research groups. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.02889v1 - cond-mat.mtrl-sci - physics.data-an - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ - Lucian Mathes, Michael G\"oldl, Michael Leitner, Bettina Kohlhaas, Maximilian Suhr, Vassily Vadimovitch Burwitz, Armin Manhard, Christoph Hugenschmidt - - - Structure and interactions of atoms and diatomic molecules: from ultracold gases to doped solids - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02890 - arXiv:2511.02890v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: This is the manuscript of my "Habilitation \`a diriger des recherches", where I present the research work that I have done after my PhD, defended in 2009. The manuscript is divided in two parts. The first one is dedicated to atomic-structure calculations with neutral and trivalent lanthanides, in the contexts of ultracold gases and rare-earth doped solids. The second part deals with long-range interactions in ultracold gases of alkali-metal atoms and diatomic molecules, as well as lanthanide atoms. The detailed description of long-range interactions serves to characterize ultralow-temperature phenomena, like photoassociation and collisional shielding. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.02890v1 - cond-mat.quant-gas - physics.atom-ph - physics.chem-ph - physics.optics - quant-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Maxence Lepers (Laboratory ICB, CNRS,University of Burgundy, Dijon, France) - - - A Criminology of Machines - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02895 - arXiv:2511.02895v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: While the possibility of reaching human-like Artificial Intelligence (AI) remains controversial, the likelihood that the future will be characterized by a society with a growing presence of autonomous machines is high. Autonomous AI agents are already deployed and active across several industries and digital environments and alongside human-human and human-machine interactions, machine-machine interactions are poised to become increasingly prevalent. Given these developments, I argue that criminology must begin to address the implications of this transition for crime and social control. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory and Woolgar's decades-old call for a sociology of machines -- frameworks that acquire renewed relevance with the rise of generative AI agents -- I contend that criminologists should move beyond conceiving AI solely as a tool. Instead, AI agents should be recognized as entities with agency encompassing computational, social, and legal dimensions. Building on the literature on AI safety, I thus examine the risks associated with the rise of multi-agent AI systems, proposing a dual taxonomy to characterize the channels through which interactions among AI agents may generate deviant, unlawful, or criminal outcomes. I then advance and discuss four key questions that warrant theoretical and empirical attention: (1) Can we assume that machines will simply mimic humans? (2) Will crime theories developed for humans suffice to explain deviant or criminal behaviors emerging from interactions between autonomous AI agents? (3) What types of criminal behaviors will be affected first? (4) How might this unprecedented societal shift impact policing? These questions underscore the urgent need for criminologists to theoretically and empirically engage with the implications of multi-agent AI systems for the study of crime and play a more active role in debates on AI safety and governance. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.02895v1 - cs.CY - cs.AI - cs.HC - physics.soc-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Gian Maria Campedelli - - - Motional entanglement in low-energy collisions near shape resonances - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02925 - arXiv:2511.02925v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen discussed their paradox in terms of measuring the positions or momenta of two particles. These can become entangled upon scattering, but how much entanglement can be created in this process? Here we address this question with fully coherent calculations of bipartite scattering in three-dimensional space, quantifying entanglement by the inverse of the single particle purity. We show that the standard plane-wave description of scattering fails to capture the entanglement properties, due to the essential role of quantum uncertainty in the initial state. For a more realistic description of a scattering setup and narrow initial momentum dispersion, we find the entanglement to scale linearly with the scattering cross section, including strong enhancement close to shape resonances. We discuss how the generation of motional entanglement can be detected in experiments. Our results open the way to probing and eventually using entanglement in quantum collisions. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.02925v1 - quant-ph - physics.atom-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Yimeng Wang, Christiane P. Koch - - - A Normalized Descriptor for Unbiased Screening of Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03038 - arXiv:2511.03038v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: Second-order nonlinear optical materials enable frequency doubling of light (second-harmonic generation, SHG), which is essential for optoelectronic applications ranging from materials characterization to quantum technologies. However, comparing SHG performance across materials remains challenging as the second-order nonlinear susceptibility $\chi^{(2)}$ spans several orders of magnitude and strongly depends on the band gap $E_g$. To address this, we empirically validate a theoretical upper bound on $\chi^{(2)}$ using new databases of \textit{ab initio}-computed nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. We then formulate a normalized descriptor, $\hat{d}$, which expresses the NLO response of a material relative to the band gap-dependent physical limit. We show that $\hat{d}$ exhibits a similar distribution across a wide range of band gap energies. This universality supports the use of $\hat{d}$ as a robust, generalizable descriptor for data-driven and chemistry-informed machine learning models of NLO response, enabling accelerated materials discovery and optimization across broad application frequencies. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03038v1 - cond-mat.mtrl-sci - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Aubrey G. J. Nyiri, Michael J. Waters, James M. Rondinelli - - - Non-Gaussian Magnetic Structures in the Small-Scale Turbulent Dynamo - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03072 - arXiv:2511.03072v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: The small-scale turbulent dynamo is a key mechanism for amplifying galactic magnetic fields, yet the resulting field morphology remains poorly understood. Using 3D driven turbulence simulations across a range of compressibilities, characterised by Mach number, and Minkowski functionals, we quantitatively investigate the morphology of magnetic fields generated by the small-scale turbulent dynamo in both the exponentially growing kinematic stage and the statistically steady saturated stage. In both stages and across all Mach numbers, we find that the magnetic field departs significantly from a Gaussian random field. Magnetic structures are statistically less curved and more interconnected in the saturated stage than in the kinematic stage, with these morphological differences decreasing as compressibility increases. Our work provides a quantitative description of how density fluctuations in turbulence and the back-reaction of amplified magnetic fields via the Lorentz force together shape complex, non-Gaussian magnetic structures and offers a valuable framework for comparing simulations with polarisation observations. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03072v1 - astro-ph.GA - astro-ph.IM - physics.plasm-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Sasi M. Behara, Amit Seta - - - Surface wakes on ultra-soft solids - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03123 - arXiv:2511.03123v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: We explore the dynamical response of the free surface of an ultra-soft solid driven by a localized moving pressure disturbance. Experiments reveal a steady V-shaped wake analogous to a surface Mach wedge. A simple geometric argument provides a qualitative explanation consistent with observations. A theoretical framework combining elastodynamic, capillary, and gravitational effects yields a generalized dispersion relation that smoothly interpolates between Kelvin's theory of liquid interface wakes and Rayleigh's theory of elastic surface waves. Together, our experiments and theory reveal the existence of a soft wake regime that bridges fluid and solid surface wave physics, offering new routes for probing the dynamics of soft surfaces. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03123v1 - cond-mat.soft - physics.class-ph - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Aditi Chakrabarti, Divya Jaganathan, Robert Haussman, L. Mahadevan - - - Optimal Boundary Control of Diffusion on Graphs via Linear Programming - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03129 - arXiv:2511.03129v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: We propose a linear programming (LP) framework for steady-state diffusion and flux optimization on geometric networks. The state variable satisfies a discrete diffusion law on a weighted, oriented graph, where conductances are scaled by edge lengths to preserve geometric fidelity. Boundary potentials act as controls that drive interior fluxes according to a linear network Laplacian. The optimization problem enforces physically meaningful sign and flux-cap constraints at all boundary edges, derived directly from a gradient bound. This yields a finite-dimensional LP whose feasible set is polyhedral, and whose boundedness and solvability follow from simple geometric or algebraic conditions on the network data. - We prove that under the absence of negative recession directions--automatically satisfied in the presence of finite box bounds, flux caps, or sign restrictions--the LP admits a global minimizer. Several sufficient conditions guaranteeing boundedness of the feasible region are identified, covering both full-rank and rank-deficient flux maps. The analysis connects classical results such as the Minkowski--Weyl decomposition, Hoffman's bound, and the fundamental theorem of linear programming with modern network-based diffusion modeling. - Two large-scale examples illustrate the framework: (i) A typical large stadium in a major modern city, which forms a single connected component with relatively uniform corridor widths, and a (ii) A complex street network emanating from a large, historical city center, which forms a multi-component system. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03129v1 - math.OC - cs.AI - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Harbir Antil, Rainald L\"ohner, Felipe P\'erez - - - The isogeometric boundary element algorithm for solving the plane strain problem of an elastic matrix containing an open material surface of arbitrary shape - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03141 - arXiv:2511.03141v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: The paper presents the Isogeometric Boundary Element Method (IGABEM) algorithm for solving the plane strain problem of an isotropic linearly elastic matrix containing an open material surface of arbitrary shape. Theoretical developments are based on the use of the Gurtin-Murdoch model of material surfaces. The governing equations and the boundary conditions for the problem are reviewed, and analytical integral representations for the elastic fields everywhere in the material system are presented in terms of unknown traction jumps across the surface. To find the jumps, the problem is reduced to a system of singular boundary integral equations in terms of two unknown scalar components of the surface stress tensor. The system is solved numerically using the developed IGABEM algorithm in which NURBS are used to approximate the unknowns. The main steps of the algorithm are discussed and convergence studies are performed. The algorithm is validated using two benchmark problems involving the matrix subjected to a uniform far-field load and containing a surface along (i) a straight segment and (ii) a circular arc. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the influence of governing parameters with a focus on the influence of curvature variation. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03141v1 - math.NA - cs.NA - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ - Rohit Satish Patil, Zhilin Han, Sofia G. Mogilevskaya - - - A Probabilistic U-Net Approach to Downscaling Climate Simulations - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03197 - arXiv:2511.03197v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: Climate models are limited by heavy computational costs, often producing outputs at coarse spatial resolutions, while many climate change impact studies require finer scales. Statistical downscaling bridges this gap, and we adapt the probabilistic U-Net for this task, combining a deterministic U-Net backbone with a variational latent space to capture aleatoric uncertainty. We evaluate four training objectives, afCRPS and WMSE-MS-SSIM with three settings for downscaling precipitation and temperature from $16\times$ coarser resolution. Our main finding is that WMSE-MS-SSIM performs well for extremes under certain settings, whereas afCRPS better captures spatial variability across scales. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03197v1 - cs.LG - cs.CV - physics.ao-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Maryam Alipourhajiagha, Pierre-Louis Lemaire, Youssef Diouane, Julie Carreau - - - Quantum Sensing of Copper-Phthalocyanine Electron Spins via NV Relaxometry - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03200 - arXiv:2511.03200v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: Molecular spin systems are promising candidates for quantum information processing and nanoscale sensing, yet their characterization at room temperature remains challenging due to fast spin decoherence. In this work, we use $T_1$ relaxometry of shallow nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond to probe the electron spin ensemble of a polycrystalline copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin film. In addition to unequivocally identifying the NV-CuPc interaction thanks to its hyperfine spectrum, we further extract key parameters of the CuPc spin ensemble, including its correlation time and local lattice orientation, that cannot be measured in bulk electron resonance experiments. The analysis of our experimental results confirms that electron-electron interactions dominate the decoherence dynamics of CuPc at room temperature. Additionally, we demonstrate that the CuPc-enhanced NV relaxometry can serve as a robust method to estimate the NV depth with $\sim1$~nm precision. Our results establish NV centers as powerful probes for molecular spin systems, providing insights into molecular qubits, spin bath engineering, and hybrid quantum materials, and offering a potential pathway toward their applications such as molecular-scale quantum processors and spin-based quantum networks. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03200v1 - quant-ph - physics.chem-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Boning Li, Xufan Li, Yifan Quan, Avetik R Harutyunyan, Paola Cappellaro - - - Universal Quantum Simulation of 50 Qubits on Europe`s First Exascale Supercomputer Harnessing Its Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Architecture - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03359 - arXiv:2511.03359v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: We have developed a new version of the high-performance J\"ulich universal quantum computer simulator (JUQCS-50) that leverages key features of the GH200 superchips as used in the JUPITER supercomputer, enabling simulations of a 50-qubit universal quantum computer for the first time. JUQCS-50 achieves this through three key innovations: (1) extending usable memory beyond GPU limits via high-bandwidth CPU-GPU interconnects and LPDDR5 memory; (2) adaptive data encoding to reduce memory footprint with acceptable trade-offs in precision and compute effort; and (3) an on-the-fly network traffic optimizer. These advances result in an 11.4-fold speedup over the previous 48-qubit record on the K computer. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03359v1 - quant-ph - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Hans De Raedt, Jiri Kraus, Andreas Herten, Vrinda Mehta, Mathis Bode, Markus Hrywniak, Kristel Michielsen, Thomas Lippert - - - Enhancing composition-based materials property prediction by cross-modal knowledge transfer - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03371 - arXiv:2511.03371v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: Crystal graph neural networks are widely applicable in modeling experimentally synthesized compounds and hypothetical materials with unknown synthesizability. In contrast, structure-agnostic predictive algorithms allow exploring previously inaccessible domains of chemical space. Here we present a universal approach for enhancing composition-based materials property prediction by means of cross-modal knowledge transfer. Two formulations are proposed: implicit transfer involves pretraining chemical language models on multimodal embeddings, whereas explicit transfer suggests generating crystal structures and implementing structure-aware predictors. The proposed approaches were benchmarked on LLM4Mat-Bench and MatBench tasks, achieving state-of-the-art performance in 25 out of 32 cases. In addition, we demonstrated how another modeling aspect of chemical language models - interpretability - benefits from applying a game-theoretic approach, which is able to incorporate high-order feature interactions. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03371v1 - cond-mat.mtrl-sci - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Ivan Rubtsov, Ivan Dudakov, Yuri Kuratov, Vadim Korolev - - - Evolution of the Shock Properties of the 2023 March 13 Event from In-Situ and Remote-Sensing Data - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03496 - arXiv:2511.03496v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: Shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the most powerful accelerators of gradual solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the inner heliosphere. On 2023 March 13, a halo CME, as seen from the Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO) and the Sun TErrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO), gave rise to a strong SEP event. In this work, we aim to analyze this CME-driven shock from multiple spacecraft, using both remote sensing observations from STEREO-A/COR2 and in-situ data from Parker Solar Probe (PSP), Solar Orbiter (SolO), and Wind. In order to determine its direction of propagation and kinematic properties, we model the shock geometry using STEREO-A/COR2 and SoHO/LASCO/C3 observations as an expanding ellipsoid. The density compression ratio of the shock is determined by fitting the brightness profile from the coronagraphic images with that obtained from raytracing simulations of a double-Gaussian shock density profile. We compare physical quantities such as compression ratio and Alfv\'enic Mach number derived from remote sensing observations with in-situ measurements by PSP, SolO, STEREO-A, and Wind. From STEREO-A/COR2, we determine the compression ratio around the entire shock front in the corona, finding significant non-homogeneities that can impact the values found during in-situ crossings. Following the evolution of the parameters characterizing the CME from the source to space, we find that closer to the Sun, both the gas compression ratio and the Alfv\'enic Mach number remain almost constant, while they increase at larger radial distances. This indicates a non-trivial evolution of the shock parameters during its journey through the interplanetary space. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03496v1 - astro-ph.SR - physics.space-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Federica Chiappetta, Giuseppe Nistic\`o, Massimo Chimenti, Andrea Larosa, Francesco Malara, Francesco Pucci, Luca Sorriso-Valvo, Gaetano Zimbardo, Silvia Perri - - - Emergent tuning heterogeneity in cortical circuits is sensitive to cellular neuronal dynamics - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03502 - arXiv:2511.03502v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: Cortical circuits exhibit high levels of response diversity, even across apparently uniform neuronal populations. While emerging data-driven approaches exploit this heterogeneity to infer effective models of cortical circuit computation (e.g. Genkin et al. Nature 2025), the power of response diversity to enable inference of mechanistic circuit models is largely unexplored. Within the landscape of cortical circuit models, spiking neuron networks in the balanced state naturally exhibit high levels of response and tuning diversity emerging from their internal dynamics. A statistical theory for this emergent tuning heterogeneity, however, has only been formulated for binary spin models (Vreeswijk & Sompolinsky, 2005). Here we present a formulation of feature-tuned balanced state networks that allows for arbitrary and diverse dynamics of postsynaptic currents and variable levels of heterogeneity in cellular excitability but nevertheless is analytically exactly tractable with respect to the emergent tuning curve heterogeneity. Using this framework, we present a case study demonstrating that, for a wide range of parameters even the population mean response is non-universal and sensitive to mechanistic circuit details. As our theory enables exactly and analytically obtaining the likelihood-function of tuning heterogeneity given circuit parameters, we argue that it forms a powerful and rigorous basis for neural circuit inference. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03502v1 - q-bio.NC - physics.bio-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Mohammadreza Soltanipour, Stefan Treue, Fred Wolf - - - Quantum error mitigation using energy sampling and extrapolation enhanced Clifford data regression - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03556 - arXiv:2511.03556v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: Error mitigation is essential for the practical implementation of quantum algorithms on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. This work explores and extends Clifford Data Regression (CDR) to mitigate noise in quantum chemistry simulations using the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE). Using the H$_4$ molecule with the tiled Unitary Product State (tUPS) ansatz, we perform noisy simulations with the ibm torino noise model to investigate in detail the effect of various hyperparameters in CDR on the error mitigation quality. Building on these insights, two improvements to the CDR framework are proposed. The first, Energy Sampling (ES), improves performance by selecting only the lowest-energy training circuits for regression, thereby further biasing the sample energies toward the target state. The second, Non-Clifford Extrapolation (NCE), enhances the regression model by including the number of non-Clifford parameters as an additional input, enabling the model to learn how the noisy-ideal mapping evolves as the circuit approaches the optimal one. Our numerical results demonstrate that both strategies outperform the original CDR. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03556v1 - quant-ph - physics.chem-ph - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ - Zhongqi Zhao, Erik Rosendahl Kjellgren, Sonia Coriani, Jacob Kongsted, Stephan P. A. Sauer, Karl Michael Ziems - - - Atom-Field Non-Markovian Dynamics in Open and Dissipative Systems: An Efficient Memory-Kernel Approach Linked to Dyadic Greens Function and CEM Treatments - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03561 - arXiv:2511.03561v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: In this work, we present a numerical framework for modeling single photon emission from a two level system in open and dissipative systems beyond the Markovian approximation. The method can be readily integrated into standard computational electromagnetic (CEM) solvers such as finite difference time domain (FDTD) and finite element method (FEM). We numerically verify the completeness of boundary and medium assisted modes in the modified Langevin noise formalism by reconstructing the imaginary part of the dyadic Greens function through modal expansion in three dimensions. This reconstruction enables a first principles description of atom field interaction via the multi mode Jaynes Cummings model in open and dissipative environments. Within the single excitation manifold, we show that the memory kernel of a two level system is determined by the imaginary part of the Greens function, implying that radiative modes alone govern the relevant dynamics. The proposed framework thus provides a Greens function based approach for describing atomic population and single photon dynamics, directly compatible with Maxwell solvers. We then present concrete strategies for implementing our method in both FDTD and FEM frameworks, demonstrating its practical applicability. We further verify numerical results for a lossy Lorentz Drude type mirror, including both the case of a TLS near a finite sized metallic mirror and that of a TLS centered in a Fabry Perot cavity. This work establishes a rigorous foundation for incorporating quantum emitter dynamics into computational electromagnetics, thereby extending classical solvers toward quantum light matter interactions. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03561v1 - quant-ph - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Hyunwoo Choi, Jisang Seo, Weng C. Chew, Dong-Yeop Na - - - Spontaneous symmetry breaking in nonlinear superradiance - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03590 - arXiv:2511.03590v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: Creation and manipulation of non-classical states of light is rapidly becoming the focus of modern attosecond science. Here, we demonstrate numerically how such states can arise by considering a modification of the well-known problem of superradiance encountered already by Dicke. Similarly to him, we investigate photon emission by ensembles of indistinguishable atoms. In contrast to him, however, we leverage symmetry-based selection rules to suppress emission of single photons by single atoms. A steady state is therefore only reached following a spontaneous transition into a collective symmetry-broken state of atoms and photonic modes. The novel non-Markovian, non-perturbative method applied allows us to observe a large quantum state of light form and exhibit drastically non-classical statistics once the system undergoes a symmetry-breaking transition. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03590v1 - quant-ph - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Nikolai D. Klimkin, Misha Ivanov - - - Stability of the Quantum Coherent Superradiant States in Relation to Exciton-Phonon Interactions and the Fundamental Soliton in Hybrid Perovskites - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03600 - arXiv:2511.03600v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: The use of macroscopic coherent quantum states at room temperature is crucial in modern quantum technologies. In light of recent experiments demonstrating high-temperature superfluorescence in hybrid perovskite thin films, in this work we investigate the stability of the superradiant state concerning exciton-phonon interactions. We focused on a quasi-2D Wannier exciton interacting with longitudinal optical (LO) phonons in polar crystals, as well as with acoustic phonons. Our study leads to the derivation of nonlinear equations in the coordinate space that govern the exciton wavefunction's coefficient in the single-exciton basis for the lowest exciton state, which translates to the complex-valued polarization. The resulting equations take the form of a 2D nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation. We perform a linear stability analysis of the plane wave solutions for the equations in question, which allows us to establish stability criteria. This analysis is particularly important for evaluating the stability of the superradiant state in the considered quasi-2D structures, as the superradiant state represents a specific case of the plane wave solution. Our findings indicate that, when the exciton interacts with LO phonons, a plane wave solution is modulationally stable, provided that the square of its amplitude does not exceed a critical intensity value defined by the exciton-LO phonon interaction parameters. Furthermore, interactions between the exciton and acoustic phonons reduce the intensity of modulationally stable waves compared to the case without such interactions. Our analytical results are corroborated by numerical calculations. We also numerically solve the 2D nonlocal NLS equation in the polar coordinates and obtain its fundamental soliton solution, which is stable. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03600v1 - nlin.PS - physics.optics - quant-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - A. A. Gladkij, N. A. Veretenov, N. N. Rosanov, B. A. Malomed, V. Al. Osipov, B. D. Fainberg - - - Modelling the Solar Cycle Nonlinearities into the Algebraic Approach - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03611 - arXiv:2511.03611v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: Understanding and predicting solar-cycle variability requires accounting for nonlinear feedbacks that regulate the buildup of the Sun's polar magnetic field. We present a simplified but physically grounded algebraic approach that models the dipole contribution of active regions (ARs) while incorporating two key nonlinearities: tilt quenching (TQ) and latitude quenching (LQ). Using ensembles of synthetic cycles across the dynamo effectivity range $\lambda_R$, we quantify how these mechanisms suppress the axial dipole and impose self-limiting feedback. - Our results show that (i) both TQ and LQ reduce the polar field, and together they generate a clear saturation (ceiling) of dipole growth with increasing cycle amplitude; (ii) the balance between LQ and TQ, expressed as $R(\lambda_R) = \mathrm{dev(LQ)}/\mathrm{dev(TQ)}$, transitions near $\lambda_R \approx 12^\circ$, with LQ dominating at low $\lambda_R$ and TQ at high $\lambda_R$; (iii) over $8^\circ \leq \lambda_R \leq 20^\circ$, the ratio follows a shallow offset power law with exponent $n \approx 0.36 \pm 0.04$, significantly flatter than the $n=2$ scaling assumed in many surface flux--transport (SFT) models; and (iv) symmetric, tilt-asymmetric, and morphology-asymmetric AR prescriptions yield nearly identical $R(\lambda_R)$ curves, indicating weak sensitivity to AR geometry for fixed transport. - These findings demonstrate that nonlinear saturation of the solar cycle can be captured efficiently with algebraic formulations, providing a transparent complement to full SFT simulations. The method highlights that the LQ\--TQ balance is primarily controlled by transport ($\lambda_R$), not by active-region configuration, and statistically disfavors the SFT-based $1/\lambda_R^{2}$ dependence. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03611v1 - astro-ph.SR - physics.comp-ph - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - 10.1007/s11207-025-02574-1 - Mohammed H. Talafha - - - Quantifying Weighted Morphological Content of Large-Scale Structures via Simulation-Based Inference - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03636 - arXiv:2511.03636v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: In this work, we perform a simulation-based forecasting analysis to compare the constraining power of two higher-order summary statistics of the large-scale structure (LSS), the Minkowski Functionals (MFs) and the Conditional Moments of Derivative (CMD), with a particular focus on their sensitivity to nonlinear and anisotropic features in redshift-space. Our analysis relies on halo catalogs from the Big Sobol Sequence(BSQ) simulations at redshift $z=0.5$, employing a likelihood-free inference framework implemented via neural posterior estimation. At the fiducial cosmology of the Quijote simulations $(\Omega_{m}=0.3175,\,\sigma_{8}=0.834)$, and for the smoothing scale $R=15\,h^{-1}$Mpc, we find that the CMD yields tighter forecasts for $(\Omega_{m}},\,\sigma_{8})$ than the zeroth- to third-order MFs components, improving the constraint precision by ${\sim}(44\%,\,52\%)$, ${\sim}(30\%,\,45\%)$, ${\sim}(27\%,\,17\%)$, and ${\sim}(26\%,\,17\%)$, respectively. A joint configuration combining the MFs and CMD further enhances the precision by approximately ${\sim}27\%$ compared to the standard MFs alone, highlighting the complementary anisotropy-sensitive information captured by the CMD in contrast to the scalar morphological content encapsulated by the MFs. We further extend the forecasting analysis to a continuous range of cosmological parameter values and multiple smoothing scales. Our results show that, although the absolute forecast uncertainty for each component of summary statistics depends on the underlying parameter values and the adopted smoothing scale, the relative constraining power among the summary statistics remains nearly constant throughout. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03636v1 - astro-ph.CO - cs.LG - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - M. H. Jalali Kanafi, S. M. S. Movahed - - - Burgers dynamics for Poisson point process initial conditions - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03647 - arXiv:2511.03647v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: We investigate the statistical properties of one-dimensional Burgers dynamics evolving from stochastic initial conditions defined by a Poisson point process for the velocity potential, with a power-law intensity. Thanks to the geometrical interpretation of the solution in the inviscid limit, in terms of first-contact parabolas, we obtain explicit results for the multiplicity functions of shocks and voids, and for velocity and density one- and two-point correlation functions and power spectra. These initial conditions gives rise to self-similar dynamics with probability distributions that display power-law tails. In the limit where the exponent $\alpha$ of the Poisson process that defines the initial conditions goes to infinity, the power-law tails steepen to Gaussian falloffs and we recover the spatial distributions obtained in the classical study by Kida (1979) of Gaussian initial conditions with vanishing large-scale power. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03647v1 - cond-mat.stat-mech - astro-ph.CO - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Patrick Valageas - - - Gate-tunable single terahertz meta-atom ultrastrong light-matter coupling - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03664 - arXiv:2511.03664v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: We study the electrical tunability of ultrastrong light-matter interactions between a single terahertz circuit-based complementary split ring resonator (cSRR) and a two-dimensional electron gas. For this purpose, transmission spectroscopy measurements are performed under the influence of a strong magnetic field at different set points for the electric gate bias. The resulting Landau polariton dispersion depends on the applied electric bias, as the gating technique confines the electrons in-plane down to extremely sub-wavelength dimensions as small as d = 410 nm. This confinement allows for the excitation of standing plasma waves at zero magnetic field and an effective tunability of the electron number coupled to the THz resonator. This allows the normalized coupling strength to be tuned in-situ from $\eta$ = 0.46 down to $\eta$ = 0.18. This is the first demonstration of terahertz far-field spectroscopy of an electrically tunable interaction between a single terahertz resonator and electrons in a GaAs quantum well heterostructure. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03664v1 - cond-mat.mes-hall - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Elsa J\"ochl, Anna-Lydia Vieli, Lucy Hale, Felix Helmrich, Deniz Turan, Mona Jarrahi, Mattias Beck, J\'er\^ome Faist, Giacomo Scalari - - - Final state sensitivity and fractal basin boundaries from coupled Chialvo neurons - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03671 - arXiv:2511.03671v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: We investigate and quantify the basin geometry and extreme final state uncertainty of two identical electrically asymmetrically coupled Chialvo neurons. The system's diverse behaviors are presented, along with the mathematical reasoning behind its chaotic and nonchaotic dynamics as determined by the structure of the coupled equations. The system is found to be multistable with two qualitatively different attractors. Although each neuron is individually nonchaotic, the chaotic basin takes up the vast majority of the coupled system's state space, but the nonchaotic basin stretches to infinity due to chance synchronization. The boundary between the basins is found to be fractal, leading to extreme final state sensitivity. This uncertainty and its potential effect on the synchronization of biological neurons may have significant implications for understanding human behavior and neurological disease. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03671v1 - nlin.CD - math.DS - physics.bio-ph - q-bio.NC - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Bennett Lamb, Brandon B. Le - - - Efficient GPU Parallelization of Electronic Transport and Nonequilibrium Dynamics from Electron-Phonon Interactions in the Perturbo Code - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03683 - arXiv:2511.03683v1 Announce Type: cross -Abstract: The Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) with electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions computed from first principles is widely used to study electronic transport and nonequilibrium dynamics in materials. Calculating the e-ph collision integral is the most important step in the BTE, but it remains computationally costly, even with current MPI+OpenMP parallelization. This challenge makes it difficult to study materials with large unit cells and to achieve high resolution in momentum space. Here, we show acceleration of BTE calculations of electronic transport and ultrafast dynamics using graphical processing units (GPUs). We implement a novel data structure and algorithm, optimized for GPU hardware and developed using OpenACC, to process scattering channels and efficiently compute the collision integral. This approach significantly reduces the overhead for data referencing, movement, and synchronization. Relative to the efficient CPU implementation in the open-source package Perturbo (v2.2.0), used as a baseline, this approach achieves a speed-up of 40 times for both transport and nonequilibrium dynamics on GPU hardware, and achieves nearly linear scaling up to 100 GPUs. The novel data structure can be generalized to other electron interactions and scattering processes. We released this GPU implementation in the latest public version (v3.0.0) of Perturbo. The new MPI+OpenMP+GPU parallelization enables sweeping studies of e-ph physics and electron dynamics in conventional and quantum materials, and prepares Perturbo for exascale supercomputing platforms. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.03683v1 - cond-mat.mtrl-sci - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Shiyu Peng, Donnie Pinkston, Jia Yao, Sergei Kliavinek, Ivan Maliyov, Marco Bernardi - - - Unambiguous discrimination of high harmonic generation mechanisms in solids - https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.17007 - arXiv:2310.17007v4 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Using real-space view of high harmonic generation (HHG) in solids, we develop a physically transparent and gauge-invariant approach for distinguishing intraband and interband HHG mechanisms. Our approach relies on resolving the harmonic emission according to the separation between Wannier states involved in radiative transitions. We show that the intra- and inter-band HHG emission exhibit striking qualitative differences in their dependence on this separation and can be clearly distinguished using the Wannier basis. - oai:arXiv.org:2310.17007v4 - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Graham G. Brown, Rui E. F. Silva, \'Alvaro Jim\'enez-Gal\'an, Eleftherios Goulielmakis, Misha Ivanov - - - Individualizing Glioma Radiotherapy Planning by Optimization of Data and Physics-Informed Discrete Loss - https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.05063 - arXiv:2312.05063v4 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Brain tumor growth is unique to each glioma patient and extends beyond what is visible in imaging scans, infiltrating surrounding brain tissue. Understanding these hidden patient-specific progressions is essential for effective therapies. Current treatment plans for brain tumors, such as radiotherapy, typically involve delineating a uniform margin around the visible tumor on pre-treatment scans to target this invisible tumor growth. This "one size fits all" approach is derived from population studies and often fails to account for the nuances of individual patient conditions. We present the GliODIL framework, which infers the full spatial distribution of tumor cell concentration from available multi-modal imaging, leveraging a Fisher-Kolmogorov type physics model to describe tumor growth. This is achieved through the newly introduced method of Optimizing the Discrete Loss, where both data and physics-based constraints are softly assimilated into the solution. Our test dataset comprises 152 glioblastoma patients with pre-treatment imaging and post-treatment follow-ups for tumor recurrence monitoring. By blending data-driven techniques with physics-based constraints, GliODIL enhances recurrence prediction in radiotherapy planning, challenging traditional uniform margins and strict adherence to the Fisher-Kolmogorov partial differential equation model, which is adapted for complex cases. - oai:arXiv.org:2312.05063v4 - physics.med-ph - cs.NA - math.NA - q-bio.QM - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Michal Balcerak, Jonas Weidner, Petr Karnakov, Ivan Ezhov, Sergey Litvinov, Petros Koumoutsakos, Tamaz Amiranashvili, Ray Zirui Zhang, John S. Lowengrub, Bene Wiestler, Bjoern Menze - - - Neural Physics: Using AI Libraries to Develop Physics-Based Solvers for Incompressible Computational Fluid Dynamics - https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.17913 - arXiv:2402.17913v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Numerical discretisations of partial differential equations (PDEs) can be written as discrete convolutions, which, themselves, are a key tool in AI libraries and used in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We therefore propose to implement numerical discretisations as convolutional layers of a neural network, where the weights or filters are determined analytically rather than by training. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these systems can be solved entirely by functions in AI libraries, either by using Jacobi iteration or multigrid methods, the latter realised through a U-Net architecture. Some advantages of the Neural Physics approach are that (1) the methods are platform agnostic; (2) the resulting solvers are fully differentiable, ideal for optimisation tasks; and (3) writing CFD solvers as (untrained) neural networks means that they can be seamlessly integrated with trained neural networks to form hybrid models. We demonstrate the proposed approach on a number of test cases of increasing complexity from advection-diffusion problems, the non-linear Burgers equation to the Navier-Stokes equations. We validate the approach by comparing our results with solutions obtained from traditionally written code and common benchmarks from the literature. We show that the proposed methodology can solve all these problems using repurposed AI libraries in an efficient way, without training, and presents a new avenue to explore in the development of methods to solve PDEs with implicit methods. - oai:arXiv.org:2402.17913v2 - physics.flu-dyn - cs.AI - cs.LG - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Boyang Chen, Claire E. Heaney, Christopher C. Pain - - - Accounting for gauge symmetries in CHSH experiments - https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07935 - arXiv:2403.07935v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: We re-examine the CHSH experiment, which we abstract here as a multi-round game played between two parties with each party reporting a single binary outcome at each round. We explore in particular the role that symmetries, and the spontaneous breaking thereof, play in determining the maximally achievable correlations between the two parties. We show, with the help of an explicit statistical model, that the spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry allows for stronger correlations than those that can be achieved in its absence. We then demonstrate that spontaneous symmetry breaking may lead to a violation of the renowned CHSH inequality. We believe that the ideas presented in this paper open the door to novel research avenues that have the potential to deepen our understanding of the quantum formalism and the physical reality that it describes. - oai:arXiv.org:2403.07935v2 - physics.gen-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - 10.1088/1402-4896/ae10e7 - Phys. Scr. 100 115003 (2025) - David H. Oaknin, Amir Kalev, Itay Hen - - - Quantised helicity in optical media - https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.08086 - arXiv:2405.08086v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: We present a new approach to the definition of optical helicity in a medium. Our approach resolves the problem that duality transformations which simultaneously combine $\mathbf{E}$ with $\mathbf{H}$ and $\mathbf{D}$ with $\mathbf{B}$ are incompatible with linear constitutive relations. We find that the helicity density in a medium, as the conserved quantity associated with duality transforms, must contain an explicit contribution associated with the polarisation and magnetisation of the matter, and that it can be expressed naturally in terms of the elementary polarised excitations of the system. In media for which the helicity is conserved, each circular excitation carries a well-defined helicity. However, in a medium for which the helicity is not conserved, we find that the time-varying helicity can be viewed in terms of oscillations between different helicity eigenstates, analogous to neutrino oscillations. Here we explicitly study the helicity in homogeneous and lossless media but we believe that, differently to other choices, this helicity is readily generalisable to media that may be inhomogeneous, lossy, chiral or nonreciprocal. - oai:arXiv.org:2405.08086v2 - physics.optics - quant-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - 10.1103/y5d5-6xxb - Phys. Rev. A 112, 053504 (2025) - Neel Mackinnon, J\"org B. G\"otte, Stephen M. Barnett, Niclas Westerberg - - - Characterizing Faculty Online Learning Community Interactions Using Social Network Analysis - https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.00193 - arXiv:2407.00193v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: The Partnership for Integration of Computation into Undergraduate Physics (PICUP) was founded in the mid-2010s to assist educators with the challenges of integrating computation into physics curricula. In addition to in-person trainings and hosted educational materials, PICUP uses a Slack Workspace to continue collaboration and discussion offline. In this work, we use Social Network Analysis (SNA) to study the communication patterns of PICUP and assess if PICUP is meeting their goals in the Slack environment. Through our analysis, we discuss PICUP's community structure and define a conceptual framework to evaluate if the goals are being met through SNA metrics. We present a comprehensive analysis of eight channels in the Slack Workspace using various SNA metrics, identifying three distinct levels of user engagement. We conclude with implications for PICUP and provide recommendations for the community. - oai:arXiv.org:2407.00193v2 - physics.ed-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - 10.1103/n3yf-5h29 - Physical Review Physics Education Research, vol. 21, no. 2, 21 Oct. 2025 - Emily Bolger, Marius Nwobi, Marcos D. Caballero - - - Direct and mediated dipole-dipole interactions in a reconfigurable array of optical traps - https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.06256 - arXiv:2408.06256v3 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Optically levitated nanoparticles in vacuum experience both electrostatic and light-induced dipole-dipole interactions, offering a versatile platform to explore mesoscopic entanglement and many-body dynamics. A significant challenge in optical trap arrays is to achieve site-resolved, point-to-point tunability: adjusting the laser parameters of a single trap typically induces global cross-talk to neighboring sites, hindering independent control. Inspired by tunable couplers in superconducting circuits, we implement an ancillary nanoparticle that functions as a coupler between two target nanoparticles. Within a reconfigurable three-particle array, we demonstrate broad tunability of the direct dipole-dipole interaction by controlling the phase and position of the traps. In addition, we observe spectral signatures consistent with mediated interactions between the target particles via the ancillary one, manifested as mode participation beyond the uncoupled response. Our results establish a practical route to tailored, site-resolved control in multi-particle optical trap arrays, expanding the optical-binding toolbox and opening opportunities for programmable oscillator networks relevant to macroscopic quantum mechanics and precision sensing. - oai:arXiv.org:2408.06256v3 - physics.optics - quant-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Mian Wu, Nan Li, Han Cai, Cheng Liu, Huizhu Hu - - - Boundary conditions for SPH through energy conservation - https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.08573 - arXiv:2410.08573v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Dealing with boundary conditions in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) poses significant difficulties, indeed being one of the SPHERIC Grand Challenges. In particular, wall boundary conditions have been pivotal in SPH model development since it evolved from astrophysics to more generic fluid dynamics simulations. Despite considerable attention from researchers and numerous publications dedicated to formulating and assessing wall boundary conditions, few of them have addressed the crucial aspect of energy conservation. This work introduces a novel boundary condition designed with energy conservation as a primary consideration, effectively extending the unconditional stability of SPH to problems involving wall boundary conditions. The result is formulated within the framework of the Boundary Integrals technique. The proposal is tested on a number of cases: normal impact against a wall, adiabatic oscillations of a piston, dam break, and the water landing of a spacecraft. - oai:arXiv.org:2410.08573v2 - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2024.106454 - Computers & Fluids. Volume 285, 15 December 2024, 106454 - Jose Luis Cercos-Pita, Daniel Duque, Pablo Eleazar Merino-Alonso, Javier Calderon-Sanchez - - - Mid-Air Single-Sided Acoustic Levitation in High-Pressure Regions of Zero-Order Bessel Beams - https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15539 - arXiv:2412.15539v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Acoustic levitation enables non-contact manipulation using sound waves. While conventional methods entrap particles at pressure nodes (zero-pressure region surrounded by high-pressure), we demonstrate stable acoustic levitation and translation in mid-air within a high-pressure axial core of a single-sided zero-order Bessel beam for the first time. The trap operates at a long working distance, up to 397 mm ($46.6 \lambda$), supports simultaneous multi-particle levitation, and maintains stability over obstacles. Our work establishes a new paradigm for single-sided acoustic manipulation in mid-air. - oai:arXiv.org:2412.15539v2 - physics.app-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Yusuke Koroyasu, Christopher Stone, Yoichi Ochiai, Takayuki Hoshi, Bruce W. Drinkwater, Tatsuki Fushimi - - - Molecular Fluctuations Inhibit Intermittency in Compressible Turbulence - https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.06396 - arXiv:2501.06396v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: In the standard picture of fully-developed turbulence, highly intermittent hydrodynamic fields are nonlinearly coupled across scales, where local energy cascades from large scales into dissipative vortices and large density gradients. Microscopically, however, constituent fluid molecules are in constant thermal (Brownian) motion, but the role of molecular fluctuations on large-scale turbulence is largely unknown, and with rare exceptions, it has historically been considered irrelevant at scales larger than the molecular mean free path. Recent theoretical and computational investigations have shown that molecular fluctuations can impact energy cascade at Kolmogorov length scales. Here we show that molecular fluctuations not only modify energy spectrum at wavelengths larger than the Kolmogorov length in compressible turbulence, but they also significantly inhibit spatio-temporal intermittency across the entire dissipation range. Using large-scale direct numerical simulations of computational fluctuating hydrodynamics, we demonstrate that the extreme intermittency characteristic of turbulence models is replaced by nearly-Gaussian statistics in the dissipation range. These results demonstrate that the compressible Navier-Stokes equations should be augmented with molecular fluctuations to accurately predict turbulence statistics across the dissipation range. Our findings have significant consequences for turbulence modeling in applications such as astrophysics, reactive flows, and hypersonic aerodynamics, where dissipation-range turbulence is approximated by closure models. - oai:arXiv.org:2501.06396v2 - physics.flu-dyn - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - 10.1017/jfm.2025.10796 - Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2025;1022:A39 - Ishan Srivastava, Andrew J. Nonaka, Weiqun Zhang, Alejandro L. Garcia, John B. Bell - - - A One Dimensional (1D) Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Fontan-Associated Liver Disease (FALD) - https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.12396 - arXiv:2501.12396v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Fontan-Associated Liver Disease (FALD) is a disorder arising from hemodynamic changes and venous congestion in the liver. This disease is prominent in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Although HLHS patients typically survive into adulthood, they have reduced cardiac output due to their univentricular physiology (i.e., a Fontan circuit). As a result, they have insufficient blood delivery to the liver. In comparison, patients with double outlet right ventricle (DORV), also having a univentricular circuit, have lower incidence of FALD. In this study, we use a patient-specific, one-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (1D-CFD) model to predict hemodynamics in the liver of an HLHS patient and compare predictions with an age- and size-matched DORV control patient. Additionally, we simulate FALD conditions in the HLHS patient to predict hemodynamic changes across various stages of disease progression. Our results show that the HLHS patient has a higher portal venous pressure compared to the DORV patient. This difference is exacerbated as FALD conditions progress. The wall shear stress (WSS) is also higher than normal for the HLHS patient, suggesting vascular remodeling. WSS decreases slightly under FALD conditions, consistent with the development of portal hypertension. Perfusion analysis gives insight into regions of liver tissue at risk for fibrosis development, showing increasing pressures and reduced flow throughout the liver tissue fed by the portal vein under FALD conditions. Our results provide insight into the specific hemodynamic changes in Fontan circulation that can cause FALD. - oai:arXiv.org:2501.12396v2 - physics.med-ph - q-bio.TO - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Yaqi Li, Justin D. Weigand, Charles Puelz, Mette S. Olufsen, Alyssa Taylor-LaPole - - - Code in Motion: Integrating Computational Thinking with Kinematics Exploration - https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.03850 - arXiv:2503.03850v3 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Although physics has become increasingly computational, with computing even being considered the third pillar of physics, it is still not well integrated into physics education. Research suggests that integrating Computational Thinking (CT) into physics enhances conceptual understanding and strengthens students' ability to model and analyze phenomena. Building on this, we designed a didactic sequence for K9 students to foster specific CT practices while reinforcing fundamental kinematics concepts. The activity revealed students' ability to apply CT skills and is well suited for use in introductory kinematics courses. - oai:arXiv.org:2503.03850v3 - physics.ed-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Mateo Dutra, \'Alvaro Su\'arez, Arturo C. Marti - - - Data-Driven Probabilistic Air-Sea Flux Parameterization - https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.03990 - arXiv:2503.03990v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Accurately quantifying air-sea fluxes is important for understanding air-sea interactions and improving coupled weather and climate systems. This study introduces a probabilistic framework to represent the highly variable nature of air-sea fluxes, which is missing in deterministic bulk algorithms. Assuming Gaussian distributions conditioned on the input variables, we use artificial neural networks and eddy-covariance measurement data to estimate the mean and variance by minimizing negative log-likelihood loss. The trained neural networks provide alternative mean flux estimates to existing bulk algorithms, and quantify the uncertainty around the mean estimates. Stochastic parameterization of air-sea turbulent fluxes can be constructed by sampling from the predicted distributions. Tests in a single-column forced upper-ocean model suggest that changes in flux algorithms influence sea surface temperature and mixed layer depth seasonally. The ensemble spread in stochastic runs is most pronounced during spring restratification. - oai:arXiv.org:2503.03990v2 - physics.ao-ph - cs.LG - stat.AP - stat.ML - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Jiarong Wu, Pavel Perezhogin, David John Gagne, Brandon Reichl, Aneesh C. Subramanian, Elizabeth Thompson, Laure Zanna - - - Measurement of the Quantum Efficiency of Electrode Materials for VUV Photons in Liquid Xenon - https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14819 - arXiv:2503.14819v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Light dark matter searches using ionization signals in dual-phase liquid xenon (LXe) time projection chambers (TPCs) are limited by low-energy ionization backgrounds, including those from the photoelectric effect on the electrodes. To address this, we measured the quantum efficiency (QE) of various electrode materials for vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons in LXe, including platinum (Pt), stainless steel (SUS304), and magnesium fluoride (MgF$_{2}$)-coated aluminum (Al). Our results show that MgF$_{2}$-coated Al exhibits the lowest QE among the tested materials. The QE for VUV photons with a mean wavelength of 179.5~nm was measured to be $(7.2 \pm 2.3) \times 10^{-5}$, corresponding to a reduction by a factor of 4.4 compared to SUS304, a commonly used electrode material in direct dark matter experiments with LXe. These findings suggest that employing low-QE electrodes can help mitigate photoelectric-induced backgrounds, potentially improving the sensitivity of LXe TPCs in light dark matter searches. - oai:arXiv.org:2503.14819v2 - physics.ins-det - hep-ex - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - 10.1093/ptep/ptaf078 - Shingo Kazama, Naoki Aoyama, Yoshitaka Itow, Masatoshi Kobayashi - - - Uncovering flow and deformation regimes in the coupled fluid-solid vestibular system - https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.06394 - arXiv:2504.06394v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: In this paper, we showcase how flow obstruction by a deformable object can lead to symmetry breaking in curved domains subject to angular acceleration. Our analysis is motivated by the deflection of the cupula, a soft tissue located in the inner ear that is used to perceive rotational motion as part of the vestibular system. The cupula is understood to block the rotation-induced flow in a toroidal region with the flow-induced deformation of the cupula used by the brain to infer motion. By asymptotically solving the governing equations for this flow, we characterise regimes for which the sensory system is sensitive to either angular velocity or angular acceleration. Moreover, we show the fluid flow is not symmetric in the latter case. Finally, we extend our analysis of symmetry breaking to understand the formation of vortical flow in cavernous regions within channels. We discuss the implications of our results for the sensing of rotation by mammals. - oai:arXiv.org:2504.06394v2 - physics.flu-dyn - physics.bio-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - 10.1017/jfm.2025.10783 - J. Fluid Mech. 1022, A40 (2025) - Javier Chico-V\'azquez, Derek E. Moulton, Dominic Vella - - - Determination of the irreducible representations at high symmetry points of two-dimensional square lattice plasmonic crystals by far-field radiations - https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08292 - arXiv:2504.08292v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: When two topologically trivial and nontrivial systems are brought together, an energy state is formed at the interface that is robust against disorder and perturbation. For crystalline electronic and electromagnetic systems, their band topology can be determined by studying the eigenmode symmetries at high symmetry points (HSPs) in the Brillouin zone. However, such determination is not simple considering the topological properties of a system are highly geometry dependent. For leaky photonic systems, the information of eigenmodes is embedded in the radiation fields, thus providing a means for probing the band topology and designing the interface state. Here, we formulate the far-field characteristics of the energy bands at HSPs in 2D square lattice photonic systems and reveals, unlike the conventional 2D tight-binding model, several polarization-dependent band inversions occur at the {\Gamma}and X points, leading to changes in their band topology in a subtle manner. As a result, by carefully tuning the system geometry to facilitate p- and s-trivial and non-trivial Zak phases, polarization-selective interface states at the {\Gamma}and X points can coexist at the same heterojunction. We conduct angle- and polarization-resolved diffraction spectroscopy on 2D Au plasmonic nanohole arrays to verify the theory and observe such interface states. - oai:arXiv.org:2504.08292v2 - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - T. H. Chan, Y. H. Guan, C. Liu, H. C. Ong - - - Intracellular phagosome shell is rigid enough to transfer outside torque to the inner spherical particle - https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08498 - arXiv:2504.08498v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Intracellular phagosomes have a lipid bilayer encapsulated fluidic shell outside the particle, on the outer side of which, molecular motors are attached. An optically trapped spherical birefringent particle phagosome provides an ideal platform to probe fluidity of the shell, as the inner particle is optically confined both in translation and in rotation. Using a recently reported method to calibrate the translation and pitch rotations - yielding a spatial resolution of about 2 nm and angular resolution of 0.1 degrees - we report novel roto-translational coupled dynamics. We also suggest a new technique where we explore the correlation between the translation and pitch rotation to study extent of activity. Given that a spherical birefringent particle phagosome is almost a sphere, the fact that it turns due to the activity of the motors is not obvious, even implying high rigidity of shell. Applying a minimal model for the roto-translational coupling, we further show that this coupling manifests itself as sustained fluxes in phase space, a signature of broken detailed balance. - oai:arXiv.org:2504.08498v2 - physics.bio-ph - cond-mat.soft - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Srestha Roy, Arvin Gopal Subramaniam, Snigdhadev Chakraborty, Jayesh Goswami, Subastri Ariraman, Krishna Kumari Swain, Swathi Sudhakar, Rajesh Singh, Basudev Roy - - - One pathogen does not an epidemic make: A review of interacting contagions, diseases, beliefs, and stories - https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15053 - arXiv:2504.15053v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: From pathogens and computer viruses to genes and memes, contagion models have found widespread utility across the natural and social sciences. Despite their success and breadth of adoption, the approach and structure of these models remain surprisingly siloed by field. Given the siloed nature of their development and widespread use, one persistent assumption is that a given contagion can be studied in isolation, independently from what else might be spreading in the population. In reality, countless contagions of biological and social nature interact within hosts (interacting with existing beliefs, or the immune system) and across hosts (interacting in the environment, or affecting transmission mechanisms). Additionally, from a modeling perspective, we know that relaxing these assumptions has profound effects on the physics and translational implications of the models. Here, we review mechanisms for interactions in social and biological contagions, as well as the models and frameworks developed to include these interactions in the study of the contagions. We highlight existing problems related to the inference of interactions and to the scalability of mathematical models and identify promising avenues of future inquiries. In doing so, we highlight the need for interdisciplinary efforts under a unified science of contagions and for removing a common dichotomy between social and biological contagions. - oai:arXiv.org:2504.15053v2 - physics.soc-ph - q-bio.PE - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - 10.1038/s44260-025-00050-2 - npj Complex 2, 26 (2025) - Laurent H\'ebert-Dufresne, Yong-Yeol Ahn, Antoine Allard, Vittoria Colizza, Jessica W. Crothers, Peter Sheridan Dodds, Mirta Galesic, Fakhteh Ghanbarnejad, Dominique Gravel, Ross A. Hammond, Kristina Lerman, Juniper Lovato, John J. Openshaw, S. Redner, Samuel V. Scarpino, Guillaume St-Onge, Timothy R. Tangherlini, Jean-Gabriel Young - - - CEPC Project Status - https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04663 - arXiv:2505.04663v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: In this article we give a brief historical review of particle physics achievement through e+e- colliders and proton accelerators in the last half century and perspective for the next half century with worldwide consensus. The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a Higgs factory proposed by Chinese scientists in 2012, and its Technical Design Report (TDR) has been completed in Dec. 2023. Since 2024 CEPC has entered into Engineering Design Report (EDR) phase (2024-2027) and CEPC detector reference design report (Ref-TDR) has been released in Oct. 2025. CEPC plans to apply for the starting the construction in the 16th five year plan (2030-2035). - oai:arXiv.org:2505.04663v2 - physics.ins-det - physics.acc-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Jie Gao - - - Topology optimization of isotropic viscoelastic microstructures based on periodic homogenization - https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05217 - arXiv:2505.05217v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Mitigating low-frequency noise is particularly challenging due to its limited natural attenuation. This study aims to design viscoelastic composite microstructures that achieve both low acoustic reflection and high internal damping by simultaneously enhancing their effective acoustic impedance and attenuation characteristics. Using complex-valued periodic homogenization theory and density-based topology optimization, viscoelastic and impedance-matching materials are designed within a highly symmetric unit cell to manipulate these isotropic properties. Numerical results show that the optimized isotropic design robustly outperforms its constituent materials and simple anisotropic laminate structures, exhibiting performance that is stable across a wide frequency band and independent of orientation. This demonstrates the potential of microstructural engineering for effective low-frequency noise mitigation. - oai:arXiv.org:2505.05217v2 - physics.app-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Hiroaki Deguchi, Kei Matsushima, Takayuki Yamada - - - Optical turbulence retrieval of heterogeneous media - https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13204 - arXiv:2506.13204v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: The transport of intensity equation (TIE) has revolutionized phase retrieval in optical microscopy, yet its application to complex media with absorption/scattering remains challenging. Here, we present a coupled TIE-TPE (transport of phase equation) framework derived directly from the paraxial wave equation with complex optical potential. By decomposing the refractive index field into a spatially uniform mean field and local fluctuation field, our approach enables simultaneous reconstruction of refractive-index fluctuations and attenuation coefficients without linearization assumptions. We establish reconstruction validity bounds that define the measurable parameter region where reconstruction remains physically consistent. Experimental demonstration with microlens arrays and HeLa cells shows robust recovery of optical properties even in the transparent-limit regime where attenuation signals approach detection thresholds. Furthermore, we provide the first experimental verification of attenuation symmetry -- a fundamental property of wave propagation that characterizes reciprocity in light-matter interactions. - oai:arXiv.org:2506.13204v2 - physics.optics - q-bio.QM - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Masaki Watabe, Joe Sakamoto, Hideaki Yoshimura, Tomomi Nemoto, Kazunari Kaizu - - - Flow matching for reaction pathway generation - https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.10530 - arXiv:2507.10530v4 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Elucidating reaction mechanisms hinges on efficiently generating transition states (TSs), products, and complete reaction networks. Recent generative models, such as diffusion models for TS sampling and sequence-based architectures for product generation, offer faster alternatives to quantum-chemistry searches. But diffusion models remain constrained by their stochastic differential equation (SDE) dynamics, which suffer from inefficiency and limited controllability. We show that flow matching, a deterministic ordinary differential (ODE) formulation, can replace SDE-based diffusion for molecular and reaction generation. We introduce MolGEN, a conditional flow-matching framework that learns an optimal transport path to transport Gaussian priors to target chemical distributions. On benchmarks used by TSDiff and OA-ReactDiff, MolGEN surpasses TS geometry accuracy and barrier-height prediction while reducing sampling to sub-second inference. MolGEN also supports open-ended product generation with competitive top-k accuracy and avoids mass/electron-balance violations common to sequence models. In a realistic test on the $\gamma$-ketohydroperoxide decomposition network, MolGEN yields higher fractions of valid and intended TSs with markedly fewer quantum-chemistry evaluations than string-based baselines. These results demonstrate that deterministic flow matching provides a unified, accurate, and computationally efficient foundation for molecular generative modeling, signaling that flow matching is the future for molecular generation across chemistry. - oai:arXiv.org:2507.10530v4 - physics.chem-ph - cs.AI - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Ping Tuo, Jiale Chen, Ju Li - - - Unconventional localization of light with Mie-tronics - https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11995 - arXiv:2507.11995v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Localization of light requires high-Q cavities or spatial disorder, yet the wave nature of light may open novel opportunities. Here we suggest to employ Mie-tronics as a powerful approach to achieve the hybridization of different resonances for the enhanced confinement of light via interference effects. Contrary to a conventional approach, we employ the symmetry breaking in finite arrays of resonators to boost the Q factors by in-plane multiple scattering. Being applied to photonic moire structures, our approach yields a giant enhancement of the Purcell factor via twist-induced coupling between degenerate collective modes. Our findings reveal how finely tuned cooperative scattering can surpass conventional limits, advancing the control of wave localization in many subwavelength systems. - oai:arXiv.org:2507.11995v2 - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Thanh Xuan Hoang, Daniel Leykam, Ayan Nussupbekov, Jie Ji, Jaime Gomez Rivas, Yuri Kivshar - - - High-Precision Modal Analysis of Multimode Waveguides from Amplitudes via Large-Step Nonconvex Optimization - https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12299 - arXiv:2507.12299v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Optimizing multimodal waveguide performance depends on modal analysis; however, existing methods focus predominantly on modal power distribution (MPD) and, limited by experimental hardware and conditions, exhibit low accuracy, poor adaptability, and high computational cost. This work presents a novel framework for comprehensive modal analysis (recovering both power and relative phase) using aperture field (AF) and far field (FF) amplitude measurements. We formulate the modal analysis as a nonconvex optimization problem under a power-normalization constraint and, inspired by recent advances in deep learning, introduce a large-step strategy to solve it. Our method retrieves both the MPD and the modal relative-phase distribution(MRPD). The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through visualization of the nonconvex optimization process via its loss landscape. Under noiseless conditions, analysis results of $93$ electromagnetic modes indicate that the relative amplitude accuracy $\mathrm{MRE_{Modulus}}$, and the phase accuracy $\mathrm{MAE_{Phase}}$, both reach the level of machine precision. Through noise simulations of the AF and environmental background, the operational principles of the method are demonstrated under signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions ranging from $10~\mathrm{dB}$ to $60~\mathrm{dB}$. Experiments further confirm that error suppression is effectively achieved by increasing the number of sampling points, thereby maintaining high accuracy and strong robustness. Within a unified evaluation framework, the absolute amplitude error $\mathrm{MAE_{Modulus}}$, and the phase error $\mathrm{MAE_{Phase}}$, are as low as $1.633\times10^{-8}$ and $0$, respectively. The accuracy is significantly superior to existing methods, while also exhibiting higher computational efficiency. - oai:arXiv.org:2507.12299v2 - physics.comp-ph - cs.SD - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Jingtong Li, Dongting Huang, Minhui Xiong, Mingzhi Li - - - Diffusive Braking of Penetrative Convection in Stably-Stratified Fluids - https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10174 - arXiv:2508.10174v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Mixing at the interface between a convection zone and an adjacent, stably-stratified layer plays a crucial role in shaping the structure and evolution of stars and planets. In this work, we present a suite of 2D and 3D Boussinesq simulations that explore how bottom-driven convection penetrates into a compositionally stratified region. Our results reveal two distinct regimes: a penetrative regime, where the convection zone steadily grows by entraining fluid from above, and a stalled regime, where growth halts and transitions to overshooting convection. We extend classical entrainment theory by incorporating thermal and compositional diffusion and by deriving a modified entrainment law that predicts interface speeds in the weak-diffusion limit. We show that convection stalls when the interface speed becomes comparable to the compositional diffusion speed and validate the transition between behaviors across a wide parameter space of Richardson and Lewis numbers. Such diffusively-controlled stalling is unlikely to occur in stellar and planetary interiors, where the Lewis number is typically large and compositional diffusion is extremely slow. In these environments, compositional diffusion will merely slow the growth of the convection zone and convective boundaries are expected to stall only in the presence of other curtailing mechanisms such as strong radiative diffusion or rapid rotation. - oai:arXiv.org:2508.10174v2 - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Bradley W. Hindman, J. R. Fuentes - - - Gold-Standard Chemical Database 137 (GSCDB137): A diverse set of accurate energy differences for assessing and developing density functionals - https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13468 - arXiv:2508.13468v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: We present GSCDB137, a rigorously curated benchmark library of 137 data sets (8377 entries) covering main-group and transition-metal reaction energies and barrier heights, (intramolecular) non-covalent interactions, dipole moments, polarizabilities, electric-field response energies, and vibrational frequencies. Legacy data from GMTKN55 and MGCDB84 have been updated to today's best reference values; redundant, spin-contaminated, or low-quality points were removed, and many new, property-focused sets were added. Testing 29 popular density functional approximations (DFAs) confirms the expected Jacob's-ladder hierarchy overall but also reveals notable exceptions: functional performance for frequencies and electric-field properties correlates poorly with that for other ground-state energetics. {\omega}B97M-V and {\omega}B97X-V are the most balanced hybrid meta-GGA and hybrid GGA, respectively; B97M-V and revPBE-D4 lead the meta-GGA and GGA classes. Double hybrids lower mean errors by about 25 % versus the best hybrids but demand careful frozen-core, basis-set, and multi-reference treatment. GSCDB137 offers a comprehensive, openly documented platform for stringent DFA validation and for training the next generation of non-empirical and machine-learned functionals. - oai:arXiv.org:2508.13468v2 - physics.chem-ph - physics.comp-ph - quant-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Jiashu Liang, Martin Head-Gordon - - - Enhancing Kinematics Understanding through a Video Game Based on Real-Time Motion Graphs - https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.19119 - arXiv:2508.19119v4 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Interpreting kinematic graphs remains a significant challenge in physics education. The MissionMotion Project addresses this issue by providing a gamified physical-computational environment combining low-cost sensors, physical activity, computational thinking, and real-time visualization of motion graphs. This paper presents the design, development, and implementation of the project, with a particular focus on the pilot phase conducted with high school students in Uruguay. During this phase, we primarily used the MEEGA+ questionnaire to evaluate the gaming experience, usability, and motivation of the participants. Our analysis of the results shows high levels of satisfaction, perceived learning, and engagement, supporting the proposal's viability. Finally, we plan to conduct a large-scale conceptual evaluation to analyze how the proposal impacts understanding of kinematic graphs using standardized assessment tools. - oai:arXiv.org:2508.19119v4 - physics.ed-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ - Mateo Dutra, Marcos Abreu, Mart\'in Monteiro, Silvia Sguilla, Cecilia Stari, \'Alvaro Su\'arez, Arturo Mart\'i - - - Impact of Heterogeneity on Scalar Flux Variance Relations Across Diverse Ecosystems - https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18385 - arXiv:2509.18385v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST), the traditional surface layer theory used to understand the behavior, scaling and exchange of heat, water vapor and carbon dioxide between the land surface and atmosphere relies on a number of commonly broken assumptions. In particular, traditional theory breaks down under three different forms of heterogeneity highlighted in this work: spatial heterogeneity in the sources of the scalars, heterogeneity in the Reynolds stress tensor (turbulence anisotropy), and temporal heterogeneity (non-stationarity). The work explores the relationship between the idealized flux-variance relations and these three forms of heterogeneity across a diverse network of 47 flux towers representing a broad range of ecosystems including forests, agricultural land, grasslands, tundra, tropical and arid: the National Ecological Observation Network (NEON). Results use high resolution spatial data (1 meter resolution) to show a direct relationship between spatial heterogeneity and deviation from traditional scaling relations. The study indicates an interplay between stationarity and anisotropy, with the non-dimensionalized scalar variance scaling more strongly with anisotropy under more non-stationary turbulence conditions. Updated flux-variance relations that leverage turbulence anisotropy for the scaling of heat are introduced, as are novel anisotropy-generalized scalings for water vapor and carbon dioxide. The work also explores in detail how the scaling relations, and their relationship with heterogeneity, vary across the diverse sites in the NEON network. Deviations from traditional theory in carbon dioxide scaling in particular are well correlated with the bioactivity of the site. Results have important implications for development of improved surface layer parameterizations in large scale atmospheric models and flux-variance based flux measurements. - oai:arXiv.org:2509.18385v2 - physics.ao-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ - Tyler Waterman, Ivana Stiperski, Laura Torres-Rojas, Marc Calaf - - - When Higher Resolution Reduces Precision: Quantum Limits of Off-Axis Interferometric Scattering Microscopy - https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03034 - arXiv:2510.03034v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Coherent interferometric scattering microscopy (iscat) enables nanoparticle tracking on microsecond timescales and with nanometer precision, and has become a key tool in structural and cellular biophysics. The achievable localization precision in such experiments is fundamentally limited by photon shot noise. Here, we analyze three-dimensional localization precision under oblique illumination in iscat using the framework of (Quantum) Fisher Information. We show that tilting the illumination can enhance localization precision and accuracy per detected photon, while increasing robustness to defocusing. Surprisingly, rotating coherent scattering microscopy (rocs), which incoherently averages oblique illuminations, achieves higher spatial resolution but lower localization precision. Our results establish the quantum limits of off-axis interferometric imaging and reveal that resolution and precision can behave in opposite ways -- a key insight for designing next-generation coherent microscopes. - oai:arXiv.org:2510.03034v2 - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Felix Hitzelhammer, Jonathan Dong, Ulrich Hohenester, Thomas Juffmann - - - eT 2.0: An efficient open-source molecular electronic structure program - https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.24156 - arXiv:2510.24156v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: The eT program is an open-source electronic structure program with emphasis on performance and modularity. As its name suggests, the program features extensive coupled cluster capabilities, performing well compared to other electronic structure programs, and, in some cases, outperforming commercial alternatives. However, eT is more than a coupled cluster program; other models based on wave function theory (such as full and reduced space configuration interaction and a variety of self-consistent field models) and density functional theory are supported. The second major release of the program, eT 2.0, has specialized functionality for strong light-matter coupling conditions. In addition, it includes a wide range of optimizations and algorithmic improvements, as well as new capabilities for exploring potential energy surfaces and for modeling experiments in the UV and X-ray regimes. Molecular gradients are now available at the coupled cluster level, and high-accuracy spectroscopic simulations are available at reduced computational cost within the multilevel coupled cluster and multiscale frameworks. We present the modifications to the program since its first major release, eT 1.0, highlighting some notable new features and demonstrating the performance of the new version relative to the first release and to other established electronic structure programs. - oai:arXiv.org:2510.24156v2 - physics.chem-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Sarai Dery Folkestad, Eirik F. Kj{\o}nstad, Alexander C. Paul, Rolf H. Myhre, Riccardo Alessandro, Sara Angelico, Alice Balbi, Alberto Barlini, Andrea Bianchi, Chiara Cappelli, Matteo Castagnola, Sonia Coriani, Yassir El Moutaoukal, Tommaso Giovannini, Linda Goletto, Tor S. Haugland, Daniel Hollas, Ida-Marie H{\o}yvik, Marcus T. Lexander, Doroteja Lipovec, Gioia Marrazzini, Torsha Moitra, Ylva Os, Regina Paul, Jacob Pedersen, Matteo Rinaldi, Rosario R. Riso, Sander Roet, Enrico Ronca, Federico Rossi, Bendik S. Sannes, Anna Kristina Schnack-Petersen, Andreas S. Skeidsvoll, Leo Stoll, Guillaume Thiam, Jan Haakon M. Trabski, Henrik Koch - - - On the Connection of High-Resolution NMR Spectrum Mirror Symmetry With Spin System Properties - https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25551 - arXiv:2510.25551v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: A correlation between the symmetry of NMR spectra, including higher-order spectra, and the properties of the spin system has been established. It is shown that for a spectrum to be symmetric about the mid-resonance frequency ({\nu}0), two conditions must be satisfied: the resonant frequencies of the spins must be symmetrically positioned about {\nu}0, and the J coupling matrix must be symmetric about the secondary diagonal. The results were validated by calculating theoretical spectra for 4-, 5-, and 6-spin systems. - oai:arXiv.org:2510.25551v2 - physics.chem-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Dmitry A. Cheshkov, Dmitry O. Sinitsyn - - - Forbidden Electron Transfer in the Adiabatic Limit of the Marcus-Inverted Region - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01909 - arXiv:2511.01909v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: Here it is shown that in the adiabatic limit of condensed-phase electron transfer, the onset of barrierless transition occurs at a lower driving force than predicted by the non-adiabatic Marcus formulation. Furthermore, in the adiabatic limit of the Marcus-inverted region, isoenergetic electron transfer is strictly forbidden in the absence of nuclear tunneling. This "forbidden" behavior arises from a topological change in the mapping between the adiabatic and diabatic electronic surfaces, emerging precisely at the onset of the Marcus-inverted region. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.01909v2 - physics.chem-ph - cond-mat.mes-hall - cond-mat.mtrl-sci - quant-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Ethan Abraham - - - Neutron Interaction Properties of Structural Materials for Multi-Grid Neutron Detectors - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02512 - arXiv:2511.02512v2 Announce Type: replace -Abstract: The T-REX neutron time-of-flight spectrometer at the European Spallation Source will use Multi-Grid Technology, which relies on thin B4C coatings on the Al blades of the grids to detect scattered thermal neutrons. Following a Monte Carlo study of internal shielding to suppress neutron multiple scattering in T-REX, the neutron transmission and scattering properties of 12 shielding-material samples have been measured at the ISIS spallation neutron source. Neutron transmission was measured on the EMMA beam line at wavelengths 0.5-4.7 A, using a 2D-position-sensitive, neutron GEM detector, while neutron scattering was measured for 6 of the samples at the Merlin spectrometer, at wavelengths 0.72, 1.28, 1.85 and 2.41 A. The present tests show that a B4C/Al composite material, plated with Ni to stop intrinsic alpha background, is an effective neutron absorber, suitable for incorporation in the Multi-Grid structures which detect the neutrons in inelastic neutron spectrometers . - oai:arXiv.org:2511.02512v2 - physics.ins-det - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - A. Backis, C. -C. Lai, M. Aouane, P. P. Deen, K. G. Fissum, J. R. M. Annand, K. Livingston, D. Raspino - - - Tunneling Newtonian Universe - https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.05891 - arXiv:2306.05891v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: We analyze quantum-mechanical counterpart of Newtonian cosmology and show that effects of zero-point motion eliminate classical density singularity. Quantum effects are particularly significant for closed Universes where without the cosmological constant the energy spectrum and space curvature are quantized. When small positive cosmological constant is included, these states become quasi-stationary and decay via tunneling. Corresponding metastable Universes evolve in three stages: long period of gestation followed by rapid tunneling expansion further followed by slower Hubble expansion. This closely resembles inflation scenario of modern cosmology. - oai:arXiv.org:2306.05891v2 - gr-qc - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Eugene B. Kolomeisky - - - Optimal finite-dimensional probe states for quantum phase estimation - https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.01965 - arXiv:2312.01965v4 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Phase estimation is a major mission in quantum metrology, especially in quantum interferometry. A full phase estimation scheme usually includes the optimal probe state and measurement. For the finite-dimensional states in Fock basis, the N00N state ceases to be optimal when the average particle number is fixed yet not equal to the Fock dimension (Fock number of the highest occupied Fock state of one mode), and what is the true optimal finite-dimensional probe state in this case is still undiscovered. Hereby we present several theorems to answer this question and provide a complete optimal scheme to realize the ultimate precision limit in practice. These optimal finite-dimensional probe states reveal an important fact that the Fock dimension could be treated as a metrological resource, and the given scheme is particularly useful in scenarios where weak light or limited particle number is demanded. - oai:arXiv.org:2312.01965v4 - quant-ph - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ - Jin-Feng Qin, Yuqian Xu, Jing Liu - - - Non-equilibrium Magnon Engineering Enabling Significant Thermal Transport Modulation - https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.04166 - arXiv:2403.04166v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Thermal conductivity, a fundamental parameter characterizing thermal transport in solids, is typically determined by electron and phonon transport. Although other transport properties including electrical conductivity and thermoelectric conversion coefficients have material-specific values, it is known that thermal conductivity can be modulated artificially via phonon engineering techniques. Here, we demonstrate another way of artificially modulating the heat conduction in solids: magnonic thermal transport engineering. The time-domain thermoreflectance measurements using ferromagnetic metal/insulator junction systems reveal that the thermal conductivity of the ferromagnetic metals and interfacial thermal conductance vary significantly depending on the spatial distribution of nonequilibrium spin currents. Systematic measurements of the thermal transport properties with changing the boundary conditions for spin currents show that the observed thermal transport modulation stems from magnon origin. This observation unveils that magnons significantly contribute to the heat conduction even in ferromagnetic metals at room temperature, upsetting the conventional wisdom that the thermal conductivity mediated by magnons is very small in metals except at low temperatures. The magnonic thermal transport engineering offers a new principle and method for active thermal management. - oai:arXiv.org:2403.04166v2 - cond-mat.mtrl-sci - physics.app-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ - 10.1002/adfm.202506554 - Takamasa Hirai, Toshiaki Morita, Subrata Biswas, Jun Uzuhashi, Takashi Yagi, Yuichiro Yamashita, Varun Kumar Kushwaha, Fuya Makino, Rajkumar Modak, Yuya Sakuraba, Tadakatsu Ohkubo, Rulei Guo, Bin Xu, Junichiro Shiomi, Daichi Chiba, Ken-ichi Uchida - - - Hydrodynamics of thermal active matter - https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.11023 - arXiv:2405.11023v3 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Active matter concerns many-body systems comprised of living or self-driven agents that collectively exhibit macroscopic phenomena distinct from conventional passive matter. Using Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theory, we develop a novel hydrodynamic framework for thermal active matter that accounts for energy balance, local temperature variations, and the ensuing stochastic effects. By modelling active matter as a driven open system, we show that the source of active contributions to hydrodynamics, violations of fluctuation-dissipation theorems, and detailed balance is rooted in the breaking of time-translation symmetry due to the presence of fuel consumption and an external environmental bath. In addition, our framework allows for non-equilibrium steady states that produce entropy, with a well-defined notion of steady-state temperature. We use our framework of active hydrodynamics to develop effective field theory actions for active superfluids and active nematics that offer a first-principle derivation of various active transport coefficients and feature activity-induced phase transitions. We also show how to incorporate temperature, energy and noise in fluctuating hydrodynamics for active matter. Our work suggests a broader perspective on active matter that can leave an imprint across scales. - oai:arXiv.org:2405.11023v3 - cond-mat.soft - cond-mat.stat-mech - hep-th - physics.bio-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Jay Armas, Akash Jain, Ruben Lier - - - Fragmentation and aggregation of cyanobacterial colonies - https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.21115 - arXiv:2407.21115v3 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Fluid flow has a major effect on the aggregation and fragmentation of bacterial colonies. Yet, a generic framework to understand and predict how hydrodynamics affects colony size remains elusive. This study investigates how fluid flow affects the formation and maintenance of large colonial structures in cyanobacteria, using an experimental technique that precisely controls hydrodynamic conditions. We performed experiments on laboratory cultures and lake samples of the cyanobacterium Microcystis, while their colony size distribution was measured simultaneously by direct microscopic imaging. We demonstrate that EPS-embedded cells formed by cell division exhibit significant mechanical resistance to shear forces. However, at elevated hydrodynamic stress levels (exceeding those typically generated by surface wind mixing) these colonies experience fragmentation through an erosion process. We also show that single cells can aggregate into small colonies due to fluid flow. However, the structural integrity of these flow-induced colonies is weaker than that of colonies formed by cell division. We provide a mathematical analysis to support the experiments and demonstrate that a population model with two categories of colonies describes the measured size distributions. Our results shed light on the specific conditions wherein flow-induced fragmentation and aggregation of cyanobacteria are decisive and indicate that colony formation under natural conditions is mainly driven by cell division, although flow-induced aggregation could play a role in dense bloom events. These findings can be used to improve prediction models and mitigation strategies for toxic cyanobacterial blooms and also offer potential applications in other areas such as algal biotechnology or medical settings where the dynamics of biological aggregates play a significant role. - oai:arXiv.org:2407.21115v3 - cond-mat.soft - physics.bio-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Yuri Z. Sinzato, Robert Uittenbogaard, Petra M. Visser, Jef Huisman, Maziyar Jalaal - - - Variational closures for composite homogenised fluid flows - https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.10408 - arXiv:2409.10408v3 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Homogenisation theory has seen recent applications in deriving stochastic transport models for fluid dynamics. In this work, we first derive the stochastic Lagrange-to-Euler map that underpins stochastic transport noise in fluid dynamics as the homogenisation limit of a parameterised flow map decomposing into rapidly fluctuating and slow components. Specifically, we prove convergence of this parameterised flow map to a scale-separated limit under the assumptions of a weak invariance principle for the rapidly fluctuating component and path continuity for the slow component. In this limit, the rapidly fluctuating component converges to a stochastic flow of diffeomorphisms that transforms the full flow dynamics into an SDE-governed stochastic flow through composition, while the slow component requires closure. - Our second contribution formulates two distinct variational closures for the slow component of the homogenised flow that exploit the composite structure of the stochastic flow. For the first closure, the critical points of a new variational principle satisfy a system of random-coefficient PDEs, which can be transformed into a system of stochastic PDEs via the coadjoint action of the stochastic flow map obtained from homogenising the fluctuating component. We show that these equations coincide with the stochastic Euler-Poincar\'e equations previously derived in Holm, Proc. Royal Soc. (2015). For the second closure, we modify the assumptions on the slow component and the associated variational principle to derive averaged models inspired by previous work on mean flow dynamics such as the Generalised Lagrangian Mean. - oai:arXiv.org:2409.10408v3 - math-ph - math.DS - math.MP - math.PR - physics.flu-dyn - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Theo Diamantakis, Ruiao Hu, James-Michael Leahy - - - Causal Discovery in Nonlinear Dynamical Systems using Koopman Operators - https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.10103 - arXiv:2410.10103v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: We present a theory of causality in dynamical systems using Koopman operators. Our theory is grounded on a rigorous definition of causal mechanism in dynamical systems given in terms of flow maps. In the Koopman framework, we prove that causal mechanisms manifest as particular flows of observables between function subspaces. While the flow map definition is a clear generalization of the standard definition of causal mechanism given in the structural causal model framework, the flow maps are complicated objects that are not tractable to work with in practice. By contrast, the equivalent Koopman definition lends itself to a straightforward data-driven algorithm that can quantify multivariate causal relations in high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems. The coupled Rossler system provides examples and demonstrations throughout our exposition. We also demonstrate the utility of our data-driven Koopman causality measure by identifying causal flow in the Lorenz 96 system. We show that the causal flow identified by our data-driven algorithm agrees with the information flow identified through a perturbation propagation experiment. Our work provides new theoretical insights into causality for nonlinear dynamical systems, as well as a new toolkit for data-driven causal analysis. - oai:arXiv.org:2410.10103v2 - math.DS - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ - Adam Rupe, Derek DeSantis, Craig Bakker, Parvathi Kooloth, Jian Lu - - - Credible-interval-based adaptive Bayesian quantum frequency estimation for entanglement-enhanced atomic clocks - https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.14944 - arXiv:2411.14944v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Entanglement-enhanced quantum sensors encounter a fundamental trade-off: while entanglement improves precision to the Heisenberg limit, it restricts dynamic range. To address this trade-off, we present a credible-interval-based adaptive Bayesian quantum frequency estimation protocol for Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)-state-based atomic clocks. Our method optimally integrates prior knowledge with new measurements and determines the interrogation time by correlating it with the period of the likelihood function, based on Bayesian credible intervals. Our protocol can be implemented using either individual or cascaded GHZ states, thereby extending the dynamic range without compromising Heisenberg-limited sensitivity. In parallel with the cascaded-GHZ-state protocol using fixed interrogation times, the dynamic range can be extended through an interferometry sequence that employs individual GHZ states with variable interrogation times. Furthermore, by varying the interrogation times, the dynamic range of the cascaded-GHZ-state protocol can be further extended. Crucially, our protocol enables dual Heisenberg-limited precision scaling $\propto 1/(Nt)$ in both particle number $N$ and total interrogation time $t$, surpassing the hybrid scaling $\propto 1/{(N\sqrt {t}})$ of the conventional cascaded-GHZ-state protocol. While offering a wider dynamic range, the protocol is more stable against noise and more robust to dephasing than existing adaptive schemes. Beyond atomic clocks, our approach establishes a general framework for developing entanglement-enhanced quantum sensors that simultaneously achieve both high precision and broad dynamic range. - oai:arXiv.org:2411.14944v2 - quant-ph - physics.atom-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Jungeng Zhou, Jiahao Huang, Jinye Wei, Chengyin Han, Chaohong Lee - - - Anomalous Dynamics of Superparamagnetic Colloidal Microrobots with Tailored Statistics - https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.13960 - arXiv:2412.13960v4 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Living organisms have developed advanced motion strategies for efficient space exploration, serving as inspiration for the movements of microrobots. These real-life strategies often involve anomalous dynamics displaying random movement patterns that deviate from Brownian motion. Despite their biological inspiration, autonomous stochastic navigation strategies of current microrobots remain much less versatile than those of their living counterparts. Supported by theoretical reasoning, this work demonstrates superparamagnetic colloidal microrobots with fully customizable stochastic dynamics displaying the entire spectrum of anomalous diffusion, from subdiffusion to superdiffusion, across statistically significant spatial and temporal scales (covering at least two decades). By simultaneously tuning microrobots' step-length distribution and, critically, their velocity autocorrelation function with magnetic fields, fundamental anomalous dynamics are reproduced with tailored properties mimicking L\'evy walks and fractional Brownian motion. These findings pave the way for programmable microrobotic systems that replicate optimal stochastic navigation strategies found in nature for applications in medical robotics and environmental remediation. - oai:arXiv.org:2412.13960v4 - cond-mat.soft - cond-mat.stat-mech - math-ph - math.MP - physics.data-an - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - 10.1002/smll.202506538 - Small, e06538 (2025) - Alessia Gentili, Rainer Klages, Giorgio Volpe - - - SAM-EM: Real-Time Segmentation for Automated Liquid Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy - https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.03153 - arXiv:2501.03153v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: The absence of robust segmentation frameworks for noisy liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) videos prevents reliable extraction of particle trajectories, creating a major barrier to quantitative analysis and to connecting observed dynamics with materials characterization and design. To address this challenge, we present Segment Anything Model for Electron Microscopy (SAM-EM), a domain-adapted foundation model that unifies segmentation, tracking, and statistical analysis for LPTEM data. Built on Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM~2), SAM-EM is derived through full-model fine-tuning on 46,600 curated LPTEM synthetic video frames, substantially improving mask quality and temporal identity stability compared to zero-shot SAM~2 and existing baselines. Beyond segmentation, SAM-EM integrates particle tracking with statistical tools, including mean-squared displacement and particle displacement distribution analysis, providing an end-to-end framework for extracting and interpreting nanoscale dynamics. Crucially, full fine-tuning allows SAM-EM to remain robust under low signal-to-noise conditions, such as those caused by increased liquid sample thickness in LPTEM experiments. By establishing a reliable analysis pipeline, SAM-EM transforms LPTEM into a quantitative single-particle tracking platform and accelerates its integration into data-driven materials discovery and design. Project page: \href{https://github.com/JamaliLab/SAM-EM}{github.com/JamaliLab/SAM-EM}. - oai:arXiv.org:2501.03153v2 - cs.CV - physics.data-an - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ - Alexander Wang, Max Xu, Risha Goel, Zain Shabeeb, Isabel Panicker, Vida Jamali - - - Is there a conflict between causality and diamagnetism? - https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.13098 - arXiv:2501.13098v3 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: There is a long-standing apparent conflict between the existence of diamagnetism and causality as expressed through the Kramers-Kronig relations. In essence, using causality arguments, along with a small number of seemingly well-justified assumptions, one can show that diamagnetism is impossible. However, experiments show diamagnetic responses from magnetic media. We present a resolution to this issue, which also explains the absence of observed dia-electric responses in media. In the process, we expose some of the short-comings in earlier analyses that have kept the paradox alive. - oai:arXiv.org:2501.13098v3 - quant-ph - cond-mat.mtrl-sci - cond-mat.other - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - 10.1088/1367-2630/ae1630 - New J. Phys. 27, 114505 (2025) - Niclas Westerberg, Stephen M. Barnett - - - Nonpertubative Many-Body Theory for the Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model at Low Temperature: From Weak to Strong Coupling Regimes - https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.12468 - arXiv:2503.12468v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: In theoretical studies of two-dimensional (2D) systems, the Mermin-Wagner theorem prevents continuous symmetry breaking at any finite temperature, thus forbidding a Landau phase transition at a critical temperature $T_c$. The difficulty arises when many-body theoretical studies predict a Landau phase transition at finite temperatures, which contradicts the Mermin-Wagner theorem and is termed a pseudo phase transition. To tackle this problem, we systematically develop a symmetrization scheme, defined as averaging physical quantities over all symmetry-breaking states, thus ensuring that it preserves the Mermin-Wagner theorem. We apply the symmetrization scheme to the GW-covariance calculation for the 2D repulsive Hubbard model at half-filling in the intermediate-to-strong coupling regime and at low temperatures, obtaining the one-body Green's function and spin-spin correlation function, and benchmark them against Determinant Quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) with good agreement.The spin-spin correlation functions are approached within the covariance theory, a general method for calculating two-body correlation functions from a one-particle starting point, such as the GW formalism used here, which ensures the preservation of the fundamental fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR) and Ward-Takahashi identities (WTI). With the FDR and WTI satisfied, we conjecture that the $\chi$-sum rule, a fundamental relation from the Pauli exclusion principle, can be used to probe the reliability of many-body methods, and demonstrate this by comparing the GW-covariance and mean-field-covariance approaches. This work provides a novel framework to investigate the strong-coupling and doped regime of the 2D Hubbard model, which is believed to be applicable to real high-$T_c$ cuprate superconductors. - oai:arXiv.org:2503.12468v2 - cond-mat.str-el - physics.atom-ph - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Ruitao Xiao, Yingze Su, Junnian Xiong, Hui Li, Huaqing Huang, Dingping Li - - - Self-gravity in thin protoplanetary discs: 1. The smoothing-length approximation versus the exact self-gravity kernel - https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10812 - arXiv:2506.10812v3 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Planet-forming discs often contain structures like spiral arms, typically linked to the disc's gravitational forces. In 2D models, an ad hoc softening prescription is commonly used for self-gravity, but this overlooks the vertical structure's impact, suppresses the Newtonian nature of gravity at short distances and doesn't respect Newton's third law. - To address these issues, associated with a Plummer potential approximation, we developed an exact self-gravity kernel for thin, hydrostatically supported discs, including a dust fluid component. Our analytical framework provides a precise 2D self-gravity prescription validated by benchmarks and 2D/3D numerical tests. - The derived kernel, based on modified Bessel functions, maintains Newtonian gravitation features, such as point-wise symmetry, a smooth transition from light to massive discs and a singularity at zero distance, among others. In contrast to other prescriptions found in the literature, it proves capable of leading to an additional, and previously unnoticed, source of gravitational runaway discernible only at infinitesimal distances. - We finally note that our new prescription remains compatible with methods based on the fast Fourier transform, affording superior computational efficiency. Our exact kernel formulation overcomes substantial limitations inherent in the smoothing-length approach. It permits a novel, fully consistent treatment of self-gravity in Gaussian-stratified thin discs. The approach, that makes the usage of the Plummer potential obsolete, will prove useful to studying all common planet formation scenarios, which are often backed by 2D-flat numerical simulations. Accordingly, in an accompanying paper, we will investigate how the occurence of the gravitational instability is affected. - oai:arXiv.org:2506.10812v3 - astro-ph.EP - astro-ph.IM - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - S. Rendon Restrepo, T. Rometsch, U. Ziegler, O. Gressel - - - Tensor Decomposition Networks for Fast Machine Learning Interatomic Potential Computations - https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01131 - arXiv:2507.01131v3 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: $\rm{SO}(3)$-equivariant networks are the dominant models for machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs). The key operation of such networks is the Clebsch-Gordan (CG) tensor product, which is computationally expensive. To accelerate the computation, we develop tensor decomposition networks (TDNs) as a class of approximately equivariant networks in which CG tensor products are replaced by low-rank tensor decompositions, such as the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition. With the CP decomposition, we prove (i) a uniform bound on the induced error of $\rm{SO}(3)$-equivariance, and (ii) the universality of approximating any equivariant bilinear map. To further reduce the number of parameters, we propose path-weight sharing that ties all multiplicity-space weights across the $\mathcal{O}(L^3)$ CG paths into a single path without compromising equivariance, where $L$ is the maximum angular degree. The resulting layer acts as a plug-and-play replacement for tensor products in existing networks, and the computational complexity of tensor products is reduced from $\mathcal{O}(L^6)$ to $\mathcal{O}(L^4)$. We evaluate TDNs on PubChemQCR, a newly curated molecular relaxation dataset containing 105 million DFT-calculated snapshots. We also use existing datasets, including OC20, and OC22. Results show that TDNs achieve competitive performance with dramatic speedup in computations. Our code is publicly available as part of the AIRS library (\href{https://github.com/divelab/AIRS/tree/main/OpenMol/TDN}{https://github.com/divelab/AIRS/}). - oai:arXiv.org:2507.01131v3 - cs.LG - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Yuchao Lin, Cong Fu, Zachary Krueger, Haiyang Yu, Maho Nakata, Jianwen Xie, Emine Kucukbenli, Xiaofeng Qian, Shuiwang Ji - - - A general polynomial emulator for cosmology via moment projection - https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02179 - arXiv:2507.02179v3 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: We present MomentEmu, a general-purpose polynomial emulator for fast and interpretable mappings between theoretical parameters and observational features. The method constructs moment matrices to project simulation data onto polynomial bases, yielding symbolic expressions that approximate the target mapping. Compared to neural-network-based emulators, MomentEmu offers negligible training cost, millisecond-level evaluation, and transparent functional forms. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we develop two emulators: PolyCAMB-$D_\ell$, which maps six cosmological parameters to the CMB power spectra (TT, EE, BB, TE), and PolyCAMB-peak, which enables a bidirectional mapping between the cosmological parameters and the acoustic peak features of $D_\ell^{\rm TT}$. PolyCAMB-$D_\ell$ achieves sub-percent accuracy over multipoles $\ell \leq 4050$, while PolyCAMB-peak also attains comparable precision and produces symbolic forms consistent with known analytical approximations. The method is well suited for forward modelling, parameter inference, and uncertainty propagation, particularly when the parameter space is moderate in dimensionality and the mapping is smooth. MomentEmu offers a lightweight and portable alternative to regression-based or black-box emulators in cosmological analysis. - oai:arXiv.org:2507.02179v3 - astro-ph.CO - astro-ph.IM - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ - Zheng Zhang - - - DiffSpectra: Molecular Structure Elucidation from Spectra using Diffusion Models - https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06853 - arXiv:2507.06853v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Molecular structure elucidation from spectra is a fundamental challenge in molecular science. Conventional approaches rely heavily on expert interpretation and lack scalability, while retrieval-based machine learning approaches remain constrained by limited reference libraries. Generative models offer a promising alternative, yet most adopt autoregressive architectures that overlook 3D geometry and struggle to integrate diverse spectral modalities. In this work, we present DiffSpectra, a generative framework that formulates molecular structure elucidation as a conditional generation process, directly inferring 2D and 3D molecular structures from multi-modal spectra using diffusion models. Its denoising network is parameterized by the Diffusion Molecule Transformer, an SE(3)-equivariant architecture for geometric modeling, conditioned by SpecFormer, a Transformer-based spectral encoder capturing multi-modal spectral dependencies. Extensive experiments demonstrate that DiffSpectra accurately elucidates molecular structures, achieving 40.76% top-1 and 99.49% top-10 accuracy. Its performance benefits substantially from 3D geometric modeling, SpecFormer pre-training, and multi-modal conditioning. To our knowledge, DiffSpectra is the first framework that unifies multi-modal spectral reasoning and joint 2D/3D generative modeling for de novo molecular structure elucidation. - oai:arXiv.org:2507.06853v2 - cs.LG - cs.AI - cs.CE - physics.chem-ph - q-bio.MN - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Liang Wang, Yu Rong, Tingyang Xu, Zhenyi Zhong, Zhiyuan Liu, Pengju Wang, Deli Zhao, Qiang Liu, Shu Wu, Liang Wang, Yang Zhang - - - Excitonic Coupling and Photon Antibunching in Venus Yellow Fluorescent Protein Dimers: A Lindblad Master Equation Approach - https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14233 - arXiv:2508.14233v5 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Strong excitonic coupling and photon antibunching (AB) have been observed together in Venus yellow fluorescent protein dimers and currently lack a cohesive theoretical explanation. In 2019, Kim et al. demonstrated Davydov splitting in circular dichroism spectra, revealing strong J-like coupling, while antibunched fluorescence emission was confirmed by combined antibunching--fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (AB/FCS fingerprinting). To investigate the implications of this coexistence, Venus yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) dimer population dynamics are modeled within a Lindblad master equation framework, testing its ability to cope with typical, data-informed, Venus YFP dimer time and energy values. Simulations predict multiple-femtosecond (fs) decoherence, yielding bright/dark state mixtures consistent with antibunched fluorescence emission at room temperature. Thus, excitonic coupling and photon AB in Venus YFP dimers are reconciled without invoking long-lived quantum coherence. However, clear violations of several Lindblad approximation validity conditions appear imminent, calling for careful modifications to choices of standard system and bath definitions and parameter values. - oai:arXiv.org:2508.14233v5 - quant-ph - cond-mat.mes-hall - physics.bio-ph - physics.optics - q-bio.BM - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Ian T. Abrahams - - - Harmonious Color Pairings: Insights from Human Preference and Natural Hue Statistics - https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15777 - arXiv:2508.15777v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: While color harmony has long been studied in art and design, a clear consensus remains elusive, as most models are grounded in qualitative insights or limited datasets. In this work, we present a quantitative, data-driven study of color pairing preferences using controlled hue-based palettes in the HSL color space. Participants evaluated combinations of thirteen distinct hues, enabling us to construct a preference matrix and define a combinability index for each color. Our results reveal that preferences are highly hue dependent, challenging the assumption of universal harmony rules proposed in the literature. Yet, when averaged over hues, statistically meaningful patterns of aesthetic preference emerge, with certain hue separations perceived as more harmonious. Strikingly, these patterns align with hue distributions found in natural landscapes, pointing to a statistical correspondence between human color preferences and the structure of color in nature. Finally, we analyze our color-pairing score matrix through principal component analysis, which uncovers two complementary hue groups whose interplay underlies the global structure of color-pairing preferences. Together, these findings offer a quantitative framework for studying color harmony and its potential perceptual and ecological underpinnings. - oai:arXiv.org:2508.15777v2 - cs.HC - cs.CV - physics.soc-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Ortensia Forni, Alexandre Darmon, Michael Benzaquen - - - Investigating the roles of hydrophobicity and electrostatics in the particle-scale dynamics and rheology of dense microgel suspensions - https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16651 - arXiv:2509.16651v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Colloidal microgel particles such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) shrink reversibly in an aqueous medium due to the expulsion of water at a volume phase transition temperature, VPTT $\sim$33$^\circ$C. Romeo et al. [Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 3441-3445] had previously shown that dense aqueous PNIPAM suspensions transformed from one viscoelastic solid-like phase to another when suspension temperature was increased, with an intermediate viscoelastic liquid-like phase near the VPTT. They attributed this observation to a change in the inter-particle interaction from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Here, we show using a combination of experimental techniques that particle hydrophobicity can become significant even below the VPTT. We achieve this by incorporating dissociating additives such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride, or non-dissociating additives such as sucrose, into the aqueous medium. Above the VPTT, we observe that suspension rigidity is the highest in the presence of salts because of the combined effects of electrostatic and hydrophobic attractions. In the presence of non-dissociating sucrose, in contrast, the inter-microgel interaction remains hydrophobic across the VPTT. Such easy tunability of interactions by incorporating commonly available chemicals into the suspension medium opens up new avenues for the synthesis of novel metamaterials. - oai:arXiv.org:2509.16651v2 - cond-mat.soft - physics.chem-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Sayantan Chanda, Chandeshwar Misra, Ranjini Bandyopadhyay - - - Sub-nanosecond heat-based logic, writing and reset in an antiferromagnetic magnetoresistive memory - https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18855 - arXiv:2509.18855v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Thermal logic aims to create thermal counterparts to electronic circuits. In this work, we investigate experimentally the response of an analog memory device based on a thin film of an antiferromagnetic metal CuMnAs to bursts of heat pulses generated by the absorption of femtosecond laser pulses at room ambient temperature. When a threshold temperature in the heat-based short-term memory of the device is exceeded, the output of the in-memory logic operations is transferred within the same device to a long-term memory, where it can be retrieved at macroscopic times. The long-term memory is based on magnetoresistive switching from a reference low-resistive uniform magnetic state to high-resistive metastable nanofragmented magnetic states. The in-memory heat-based logic operations and the conversion of the outputs into the electrically-readable long-term magnetoresistive memory were performed at sub-nanosecond time scales, making them compatible with the GHz frequencies of standard electronics. Finally, we demonstrate the possibility of rapidly resetting the long-term memory to the reference low-resistive state by heat pulses. - oai:arXiv.org:2509.18855v2 - cond-mat.mtrl-sci - physics.optics - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - 10.1186/s43074-025-00207-1 - PhotoniX 6, 46, (2025) - M. Surynek, A. Farkas, J. Zubac, P. Kubascik, K. Olejnik, F. Krizek, L. Nadvornik, T. Ostatnicky, R. P. Campion, V. Novak, T. Jungwirth, P. Nemec - - - Angular Geometry of Atomic Multipole Transitions - https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07451 - arXiv:2510.07451v3 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: A simple way to calculate Rabi frequencies is outlined for interactions of atomic or nuclear multipole moments with laser fields that focuses on their relative geometry. The resulting expression takes the form of a dot product between the laser polarization and a vector spherical harmonic, thereby naturally connecting to the multipole's far-field spontaneous-emission pattern and providing a way to visualize the interaction. Since the vector spherical harmonics are not yet a standard tool in quantum science, their relevant properties are reviewed. This approach is illustrated in the calculation of a variety of beam effects, yielding both perturbative corrections and some nontrivial cases with non-vanishing coupling. - oai:arXiv.org:2510.07451v3 - quant-ph - nucl-ex - physics.atom-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ - Wesley C. Campbell - - - An efficient spectral Poisson solver for the nirvana-III code: the shearing-box case with vertical vacuum boundary conditions - https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10070 - arXiv:2510.10070v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: The stability of a differentially rotating fluid subject to its own gravity is a problem with applications across wide areas of astrophysics--from protoplanetary discs (PPDs) to entire galaxies. The shearing box formalism offers a conceptually simple framework for studying differential rotation in the local approximation. Aimed at self-gravitating, and importantly, vertically stratified PPDs, we develop two novel methods for solving Poisson's equation in the framework of the shearing box with vertical vacuum boundary conditions (BCs). Both approaches naturally make use of multi-dimensional fast Fourier transforms for computational efficiency. While the first one exploits the linearity properties of the Poisson equation, the second, which is slightly more accurate, consists of finding the adequate discrete Green's function (in Fourier space) adapted to the problem at hand. To this end, we have revisited the method proposed by Vico et al. (2016) and have derived an analytical Green's function satisfying the shear-periodic BCs in the plane as well as vacuum BCs, vertically. Our spectral method demonstrates excellent accuracy, even with a modest number of grid points, and exhibits third-order convergence. It has been implemented in the NIRVANA-III code, where it exhibits good scalability up to 4096 CPU cores, consuming less than 6% of the total runtime. This was achieved through the use of P3DFFT, a fast Fourier Transform library that employs pencil decomposition, overcoming the scalability limitations inherent in libraries using slab decomposition. We have introduced two novel spectral Poisson solvers that guarantees high accuracy, performance, and intrinsically support vertical vacuum boundary conditions in the shearing-box framework. Our solvers enable high-resolution local studies involving self-gravity, such as MHD simulations of gravito-turbulence or gravitational fragmentation. - oai:arXiv.org:2510.10070v2 - astro-ph.IM - math-ph - math.MP - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - S. Rendon Restrepo, O. Gressel - - - Learning noisy tissue dynamics across time scales - https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19090 - arXiv:2510.19090v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Tissue dynamics play a crucial role in biological processes ranging from inflammation to morphogenesis. However, these noisy multicellular dynamics are notoriously hard to predict. Here, we introduce a biomimetic machine learning framework capable of inferring noisy multicellular dynamics directly from experimental movies. This generative model combines graph neural networks, normalizing flows and WaveNet algorithms to represent tissues as neural stochastic differential equations where cells are edges of an evolving graph. Cell interactions are encoded in a dual signaling graph capable of handling signaling cascades. The dual graph architecture of our neural networks reflects the architecture of the underlying biological tissues, substantially reducing the amount of data needed for training, compared to convolutional or fully-connected neural networks. Taking epithelial tissue experiments as a case study, we show that our model not only captures stochastic cell motion but also predicts the evolution of cell states in their division cycle. Finally, we demonstrate that our method can accurately generate the experimental dynamics of developmental systems, such as the fly wing, and cell signaling processes mediated by stochastic ERK waves, paving the way for its use as a digital twin in bioengineering and clinical contexts. - oai:arXiv.org:2510.19090v2 - cond-mat.soft - cs.LG - physics.bio-ph - q-bio.QM - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Ming Han, John Devany, Michel Fruchart, Margaret L. Gardel, Vincenzo Vitelli - - - Well-Posedness and Approximation of Weak Solutions to Time Dependent Maxwell's Equations with $L^2$-Data - https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20752 - arXiv:2510.20752v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: We study Maxwell's equations in conducting media with perfectly conducting boundary conditions on Lipschitz domains, allowing rough material coefficients and $L^2$-data. Our first contribution is a direct proof of well-posedness of the first-order weak formulation, including solution existence and uniqueness, an energy identity, and continuous dependence on the data. The argument uses interior-in-time mollification to show uniqueness while avoiding reflection techniques. Existence is via the well-known Galerkin method (cf.~Duvaut and Lions \cite[Eqns.~(4.31)--(4.32), p.~346; Thm.~4.1]{GDuvaut_JLLions_1976a}). For completeness, and to make the paper self-contained, a complete proof has been provided. - Our second contribution is a structure-preserving semi-discrete finite element method based on the N\'ed\'elec/Raviart--Thomas de Rham complex. The scheme preserves a discrete Gauss law for all times and satisfies a continuous-in-time energy identity with stability for nonnegative conductivity. With a divergence-free initialization of the magnetic field (via potential reconstruction or constrained $L^2$ projection), we prove convergence of the semi-discrete solutions to the unique weak solution as the mesh is refined. The analysis mostly relies on projector consistency, weak-* compactness in time-bounded $L^2$ spaces, and identification of time derivatives in dual spaces. - oai:arXiv.org:2510.20752v2 - math.NA - cs.NA - math.AP - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Harbir Antil - - - EPR Revisited: Context-Indexed Elements of Reality and Operational Completeness - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01930 - arXiv:2511.01930v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: We reframe the EPR argument through an operational lens, replacing the notion of fixed "elements of reality" with context-indexed conditional states - what's often referred to as a measurement assemblage. This move deliberately sidesteps the assumption of context-independent values for incompatible observables. Our updated version of the Reality Criterion works like this: if Alice measures observable x and obtains outcome a, then Bob's system must adopt a conditional state that ensures the corresponding outcome for that specific context. Crucially, we also assume operational completeness - a condition that quantum mechanics satisfies when we're dealing with quantum-reachable assemblages. Now, in any theory where one party cannot signal to the other (so-called one-sided no-signaling theories), perfect predictions do support drawing context-indexed inferences. But - and this is key - they don't legitimize assigning fixed values across all contexts. We rigorously demonstrate this distinction. To ground the argument, we offer examples: the qubit singlet scenario using Pauli settings and CJWR thresholds, a continuous-variable case based on the Reid criteria, and a counterexample in the spirit of the PR box, which highlights the boundaries of what quantum theory can actually reach. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.01930v2 - quant-ph - physics.hist-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Miko{\l}aj Sienicki, Krzysztof Sienicki - - - Ultrafast magnetic moment transfer and bandgap renormalization in monolayer FeCl$_2$ - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02461 - arXiv:2511.02461v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: The microscopic origin of laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization remains an open question, to which the non-thermal electronic distribution plays a vital role at the initial stage. Herein, we investigate the connection between the non-thermal electronic distribution and the ultrafast spin dynamics as well as the electronic structure evolution in ferromagnetic FeCl$_2$ monolayer using real-time time-dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT) with self-consistent Hubbard $U$ correction. Our simulations reveal that femtosecond laser pulses induce ultrafast magnetic moment transfer from Fe to Cl atoms. More importantly, through a comprehensive analysis of orbital-resolved electronic structure, we elucidate the microscopic origin of this transfer, attributing it to specific intra-atomic and inter-atomic charge transfer pathways driven by non-thermal excitations. The extent of demagnetization of Fe atoms exhibits a non-monotonic dependence on the laser photon energy, reaching a maximum at the resonant excitation. In addition, the dynamical evolution of the band structure was studied based on the eigenstates of the instantaneous Hamiltonian. Under resonant excitation, the bandgap reduction reaches up to $41\%$ within tens of fs. These findings provide fundamental insights into ultrafast spin control and suggest a strategy to optically engineer the magnetism in two-dimensional magnetic materials. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.02461v2 - cond-mat.mtrl-sci - physics.comp-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Yu-Hui Song, Huan-Cheng Yang, Kai Liu, Zhong-Yi Lu - - - Angular momentum of rotating fermionic superfluids by Sagnac phonon interferometry - https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02664 - arXiv:2511.02664v2 Announce Type: replace-cross -Abstract: Fermionic many-body systems provide an unrivaled arena to investigate how interactions drive the emergence of collective quantum behavior, such as macroscopic coherence and superfluidity. Central to these phenomena is the formation of Cooper pairs, correlated states of two fermions that behave as composite bosons and condense below a critical temperature. However, unlike elementary bosons, these pairs retain their internal structure set by underlying fermionic correlations, essential for understanding superfluid properties throughout the so-called Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) crossover-- a cornerstone of strongly correlated fermionic matter. Here, we harness a sonic analog of the optical Sagnac effect to disclose the composite nature of fermionic condensates across the BEC-BCS crossover. We realize an in-situ loop interferometer by coherently exciting two counter-propagating long-wavelength phonons of an annular fermionic superfluid with tuneable interparticle interactions. The frequency degeneracy between clock- and anticlock-wise sound modes is lifted upon controllably injecting a quantized supercurrent in the superfluid ring, resulting in a measurable Doppler shift that enables us to probe the elementary quantum of circulation and the angular momentum carried by each particle in the fermionic fluid. Our observations directly reveal that the superflow circulation is quantized in terms of $h/2m$, where $m$ is the mass of the constituents, in striking contrast to bosonic condensates where $h/m$ is the relevant circulation quantum. Further, by operating our interferometer at tunable temperature, we measure the thermal depletion of the superfluid in the unitary Fermi gas, demonstrating phonon interferometry as a powerful technique for probing fundamental properties of strongly-correlated quantum systems. - oai:arXiv.org:2511.02664v2 - cond-mat.quant-gas - physics.atom-ph - quant-ph - Thu, 06 Nov 2025 00:00:00 -0500 - replace-cross - http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ - Marcia Fr\'ometa Fern\'andez, Diego Hern\'andez Rajkov, Giulia Del Pace, Nicola Grani, Massimo Inguscio, Francesco Scazza, Sandro Stringari, Giacomo Roati -