A Falcon 9 rocket is scheduled to lift off from California's Vandenberg Space Force Base tonight during a 35-minute window that opens at 11:18 p.m. EST (8:18 p.m. local California time; 0418 GMT on Jan. 17), kicking off a mission for the U.S. National Reconnaissance Office (NRO).
You can watch it live via SpaceX's website or X account; coverage will begin about 10 minutes before launch.
The NRO, which operates the nation's fleet of spy satellites, calls tonight's mission NROL-105. It will be the 12th launch devoted to building out the NRO's "proliferated architecture," a new reconnaissance constellation that prioritizes flexibility, speed of deployment, cost efficiency and resilience.
"Having hundreds of small satellites on orbit is invaluable to the NRO's mission," NRO Director Chris Scolese said in the NROL-105 press kit, which you can find here.
"They will provide greater revisit rates, increased coverage, more timely delivery of information — and ultimately help us deliver more of what our customers need even faster," he added.
The proliferated architecture satellites are built by SpaceX and Northrop Grumman. All of them have reached orbit aboard Falcon 9 rockets launching from Vandenberg. The first such mission, NROL-146, lifted off in May 2024.
If all goes according to plan tonight, the Falcon 9's first stage will return to Earth safely, touching down at Vandenberg about 7.5 minutes after liftoff. It will be the second launch and landing for this particular booster, according to a SpaceX mission description.
We don't know how many satellites are going up on NROL-105, or where and when they're scheduled to be deployed; the mission description does not reveal this information.
And don't expect to get it during the webcast. SpaceX has ended its livestream shortly after booster landing on previous proliferated architecture launches at the NRO's request.
NROL-105 will be SpaceX's seventh mission of 2026. Four of the six launches to date have been devoted to building out the company's huge Starlink broadband megaconstellation.
]]>NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, built to support the agency's Artemis 2 mission and usher in a new era of crewed flights to the moon, headed out from the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) here at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida this morning (Jan. 17), beginning a 4-mile (6.4 kilometers) trek to Launch Complex-39B (LC-39B).
Engineers have spent the past year and a half stacking the Artemis 2 SLS, which rolled out of the VAB for the first (and hopefully only) time as a fully assembled launch vehicle today. SLS began its journey at 7:04 a.m. EST (1204 GMT), standing on the rocket's Mobile Launch Platform (MLP), whose massive 7.5-foot (2.3 m) treads rolled the rocket from the VAB's High Bay 3 onto the river-rock-covered road leading to the launch pad.
SLS stands 322 feet (98 m) tall and weighs roughly 2,870 tons (2,600 metric tons) when fully fueled. The rocket is powered by two space shuttle-era solid rocket boosters (SRBs) stacked 177 feet (54 m) tall on either side and four RS-25 engines, also originally designed for the space shuttle. Combined, they produce 8.8 million pounds of thrust at liftoff to deliver the rocket's upper stages and Orion crew capsule to space.
Moving slower than 1 mph (1.6 kph), the massive vehicle's journey from the VAB to LC-39B is expected to take eight to 10 hours. Once it's at the launch pad, NASA will spend the coming weeks performing systems integrations and vehicle checkouts ahead of a fueled launch countdown simulation known as a wet dress rehearsal, and, if all goes according to plan, a launch attempt in early February.
NASA is targeting Feb. 2 for the wet dress rehearsal. Feb. 6 is the earliest possible launch day for Artemis 2, which will fly NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen aboard the Orion spacecraft on a roughly 10-day mission around the moon.
The launch date is largely dependent on how systems checks go once SLS reaches the pad, however, with backup launch opportunities mapped out through Feb. 11 and additional windows in March and April.
Artemis 2 is the second mission of NASA's Artemis program and will be the first to fly a crew aboard Orion. Artemis 1 launched in November 2022, after a checkout campaign that ended up lasting most of the year. After its debut rollout in March 2022, the Artemis 1 SLS wet dress rehearsals and launch attempts were plagued by cryogenic hydrogen leaks, weather delays and other factors that resulted in three trips back to the VAB for maintenance.
NASA officials are hoping to avoid a similar campaign with Artemis 2 and voiced confidence in the rocket's readiness and optimism about a launch in the February window.
When it launches, SLS will deliver Orion to Earth orbit, where the Artemis 2 crew will perform systems checks ahead of a translunar injection burn that puts them on course for the moon. That burn will be completed by SLS' interim cryogenic propulsion stage, which Orion and its service module will detach from to conduct proximity maneuvering tests on their way to lunar space.
The Artemis 2 astronauts won't go to lunar orbit. Instead, the mission will fly a "free-return trajectory" that loops the capsule around the moon and slingshots it back to Earth regardless of any anomalies the crew or spacecraft may encounter during the mission. The flight path ensures the safe return of the Artemis 2 crew and Orion, without the possibility of a malfunction stranding them in lunar orbit.
Artemis 2 is the next step in NASA's goal to return astronauts to the lunar surface, where the agency hopes to establish a base in the moon's south polar region. Artemis 3 will be the first mission designed for a lunar landing, but it will proceed only if Artemis 2 is successful.
Artemis 2 will be as much a proving ground of Orion's life support systems as Artemis 1 was for the spacecraft's core design. Any unexpected speed bumps during the upcoming mission may cause further delays for Artemis 3, the expected launch date for which is already beginning to slip past NASA's hopeful 2027 target.
Artemis 2 crew members have been training at KSC, conducting launch-day rehearsals over the past several months in preparation for their mission, and were present to see their SLS rocket roll out for the first time today.
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