diff --git "a/raw_rss_feeds/https___www_space_com_feeds_all.xml" "b/raw_rss_feeds/https___www_space_com_feeds_all.xml"
--- "a/raw_rss_feeds/https___www_space_com_feeds_all.xml"
+++ "b/raw_rss_feeds/https___www_space_com_feeds_all.xml"
@@ -515,6 +515,23 @@
The Bwine F7GIM is something of an oddball in terms of weight because at 12.6 oz / 357 g it will require registration with the FAA in the U.S, even for recreational use. The focal length of the camera is 60 mm, which means you can capture subjects from further away, which works well given the weight. Put simply, you don’t have to fly as close as with a 24 mm equivalent camera.
Weight: 12.6 oz / 357 g
Dimensions: 6.50 x 3.54 x 2.56 in / 165 x 90 x 65 mm folded / 14.17 x 11.02 x 2.56 in / 360 x 280 x 65 mm unfolded
Battery: 3200 mAh Li-ion / up to 35 minutes flight
Charger type: USB-C cable
Modes: Stable (Camera), Sport
Video transmission range: 1.89 miles
Video resolution: 4K, 2.7K, 2K, 720p (720p stored on phone)
Frame rates: 4K 30 FPS, 2.7K 50/30 FPS, 2K 50 FPS, 720p 30 FPS
Image quality is respectable, and you can capture photos in JPEG format up to 5700 x 3200 px, which equates to 18MP. Video can be captured up to 4K 30 FPS, while reducing the capture resolution to 2.7K and 2K allows for 50 FPS capture. This is all pretty standard for a basic drone like this, which also offers a handful of useful features we’ll cover later.
The drone is perfectly adequate in most ways, but it is on the expensive side considering the other drones are available for a similar price. These include the DJI Neo and the Potensic Atom 2, both of which are superior drones. However, the F7GIM could still be exactly what you’re looking for, and it does excel in one or two areas, including wind resistance.

This is a compact folding drone that’s just 6.50 x 3.54 x 2.56 in / 165 x 90 x 65 mm when folded and 14.17 x 11.02 x 2.56 in / 360 x280 x 65 mm when unfolded. Looking at it, you could easily mistake the F7GIM for being a sub-250 g model, but it sneaks in at a weight of 12.6 oz / 357 g. As previously mentioned, this means it has to be registered with the FAA in the United States. The drone does feature Remote ID, making it FAA-compliant.
The weight of the F7GIM certainly isn’t the end of the world, but it is something to consider if you’re only looking for a drone for recreational flight. Many beginners opt for sun-250 g models precisely because of not having to register. Not to mention, they’re also smaller and lighter to carry around.



Getting back to the design, the drone comes in a dark grey with orange accents on the propellers, which does look good. Build quality can’t be faulted, while the camera and 3-axis gimbal are well-made.
There’s also an optical flow sensor on the bottom of the airframe for detecting the ground during low-level flying and to assist with landing. As you’d expect, there’s no collision avoidance.


The controller is of a reasonable quality and is quite chunky and comfortable to hold thanks to rubberized grips. It features a small screen that shows basic information, but it’s not bright, so it can be difficult to view in sunny conditions.
The controller offers a range of direct access controls, and the control sticks can be stowed at the bottom of the controller for transportation and storage. The phone holder extends from the top of the controller with space to store the phone cable when not in use.

The F7GIM comes with a level 5 wind resistance rating, which equates to wind speeds of up to 24 mph. The drone was tested in winds of this speed and it had no issues whatsoever, although this is the same wind resistance level as many lighter sub-250 g models. With the weight increase, a power increase would be welcome, but it’s unfortunately absent.
Flying in winds of around 25 mph provided flight times of around 22 minutes, as opposed to the advertised 35 minutes, but it’s safe to assume that less windy conditions would provide longer flights. This would most likely be just a few additional minutes rather than the full advertised 35 minutes per battery, which is optimistic at best.
The F7GIM features GPS and Return to Home (RTH) functionality, and you can set the RTH altitude within the Bwine Mini app. By default, this is set to the minimum of 20 m, so be aware of your surroundings when making your first flight and adjust accordingly.
Return to Home can be initiated by the pilot when the battery is low and when the controller connection is lost. Smart RTH allows you to also control the drone during the return process to avoid obstacles.
There are a few basic subject tracking functions available, but during testing these weren’t the best examples I’ve experienced. The GPS follow was the most reliable since it tracks the controller, but the subject doesn’t always remain in the centre of the camera frame. Orbit, where the drone orbits the subject, was unreliable and haphazard.
Despite these features lacking in performance, overall flight performance is great and can’t be faulted. The controller allows for precise movements, and the gimbal is smooth when incorporating gimbal movements with flight to capture interesting video footage. This is always a good test of drone gimbals, and the F7GIM passed with flying colors.
Within the main feature menu, there are also quite a few other options, including Route Planning, VR Split Screen, Digital Zoom, Night Mode to increase brightness in the app camera view and several other options.
The Bwine Mini app is basic and easy to use, which is ideal for beginners. One point to mention is that by default, the drone is set to Beginner Mode, which limits altitude and flight distance, so you’ll have to manually switch this off to increase both of these.





The F7GIM camera features a 1/3.2 in Sony sensor with a 60mm equivalent focal length and an f/2.0 aperture. This is a long focal length for a single-camera drone, but it seems to work. The camera is supported by a 3-axis gimbal, resulting in smooth video capture.
The important point to make here is that the camera is fully automatic with fixed focus, so you have no control over any settings. This is perhaps ideal for photography beginners, but less so for enthusiasts.

Image quality is surprisingly good despite the fully automatic camera, although it does have a depth-of-field issue. Objects closer to the camera are lovely and sharp, but those in the distance do fall out of focus.
The centre of the frame is also characteristically sharper than the outer area, which is normal for most drones, and since the camera is automatic, it’s best to shoot with the sun behind the drone for more reliable exposures. With no control over exposure compensation, shooting towards the sun results in underexposure.
The only variables that can be changed are the resolution and frame rate of video, while the resolution of photos can be adjusted to three different amounts. Photo sizes are in a 16:9 ratio and are captured in JPEG format. The resolutions available include 3840 x 2160 px, 4096 x 3072 px and 5700 x 3200 px.
Video can be captured in 4K 30 FPS, 2.7K 50/30 FPS, 2K 50 FPS and 720p 30 FPS. 720p is stored on your phone, alongside photos, so you have to keep an eye on how much storage it’s using over time. It’s a shame this can’t be switched off if desired. Other footage and photos are stored on the microSD card in the drone, and the F7GIM can accept 16 to 128GB cards. Video quality is, as is often the case with drones, better than photo quality.
The Bwine F7GIM is a respectable beginner drone, but where it ultimately falls is in its price of $400 / £296. This puts it in direct competition, price-wise, with the DJI Neo and the Potensic Atom 2, which are both more advanced drones with superior flight performance and features in general.
If the F7GIM was less expensive, it would be a much more attractive proposition, although it’s not a bad drone at all if you’re willing to pay that price. Like all tech, it depends on what you're looking for in terms of brand and features.
The drone comes in a kit which includes the drone, controller, two batteries, an extra set of propellers, an extra set of controller sticks, phone cables, USB-C cables for charging, a carry case and other accessories. This is everything you need to get started.
This is a tricky one because the F7GIM is a good beginner drone. It flies well, image quality is good for a basic model of this type and the fully automatic camera makes it incredibly easy to capture photos and videos. What’s more, the kit comes with everything you need and more in terms of the accessories that are included.
The main issue is the price, which is too close to bigger-name and more advanced drone models. However, if price isn’t an issue for you, you won’t go wrong with the F7GIM. It may be the simplicity of the camera that attracts some people to it because it’s very much a point-and-shoot affair.
The DJI Neo is a sub-250 g beginner drone that can be flown autonomously with impressive subject tracking functionality, with the DJI Fly app via your smartphone or using a traditional controller. The drone can capture 4K video and photos in JPEG format.
The Holy Stone HS900 Sirius is another sub-250 g beginner drone worth considering, thanks to excellent flight performance, impressive image quality and useful features. Video can be captured up to 4K and photos in Raw and JPEG.
The Potensic Atom 2 is the best DJI alternative available in a regulator-friendly sub-250 g package. This impressive drone is available at an attractive price and can capture 4K video and photos in Raw and JPEG.
]]> + https://www.space.com/technology/bwine-f7gim-drone-review +By the time that the International Space Station (ISS) is safely and deliberately de-orbited over the Pacific Ocean, the station will have been permanently crewed for 30 years — it has had visitors ever since the first Expedition 1 mission (consisting of one astronaut and two cosmonauts) first docked with the fledgling, half-built station on November 2, 2000. Yet as we begin to near the end of the ISS's time in low Earth orbit, we are beginning to think ever more about the station's true legacy, whether it achieved what it set out to achieve, and what we will lose when it is finally gone.
The loss of the ISS will be keenly felt by many; it will be like when one of our beloved Mars rovers falters and is forced to end its mission. Sure, there will be other Mars rovers after, but they will be different. There will be other space stations, but they will be different.
For some, though, says sociologist Paola Castaño-Rodriguez of the University of Exeter, the end of the ISS will be no loss at all, as they always saw it as a white elephant.
"When it comes to spaceflight, everybody uses the word 'we,' but when you're a sociologist, the first thing you ask is, who is 'we?'" she told Space.com. "Just as equally as you have enthusiasts, there's a lot of people for whom this is an obscene waste of money."
Castaño-Rodriguez studies the processes by which science is conducted on the ISS, the unique way in which people from across the world come together to perform this science, and the different criteria by which this science is valued. She's also currently working on her book, "Beyond the Lab: the Social Lives of Experiments on the International Space Station," which explores these topics through the stories of three science experiments: the first time lettuce was grown on the ISS, the twin experiment involving Mark and Scott Kelly, and the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer particle physics experiment affixed to the exterior hull of the ISS.
The critics are correct that the ISS is expensive, having cost $150 billion to build and operate so far, with NASA alone spending $3 billion per year to maintain it. For that amount of money, it doesn't seem unreasonable to expect some major outputs. Indeed, the science case for building the space station back in the 1990s was that the experiments that could be performed on the ISS could help cure cancer or discover dark matter.
"In a way, part of the problem is in how the space station was pitched, with these big promises that scientists had to make to get funded, and the issue is that those things have become the things that the space station is accountable for," said Castaño-Rodriguez.
The point is, the way we judge what we will lose when the ISS is de-orbited will differ depending on who is doing the judging — and how that judgement is cast. Looking at things purely from the eureka moments of scientific discovery that make headlines, people might consider the ISS a disappointment. Still, earlier this year, NASA has revealed that over 4,000 science experiments have been conducted on the ISS over the past 25 years, resulting in 4,400 scientific papers — but those findings have been, for the most part, relatively modest or incremental rather than revelatory.
However, looking at science in only this way would completely ignore what Castaño-Rodriguez considers to be the true success of science on the station, and what will be most keenly felt when it is lost.
"It takes for granted all the infrastructural work, all the operations, all the processes that, to me, are actually the key outcome of the space station, which is learning how to do science in such an adverse environment," she said. "In a way, it requires re-educating audiences about what is valuable about science. It's not just the shiny headline discovery, it is all the knowledge that is produced to enable a field to move forward. It's an epic and incredibly complex process to do these experiments on the space station.
"I think, when it comes to further space exploration, this infrastructural knowledge is going to be needed. There will be gaps and it is uncertain at the moment how they are going to be filled with other platforms."

Those other platforms that Castaño-Rodriguez refers to are commercial space stations NASA expects to replace the ISS. Companies such as Axiom Space, Blue Origin and a partnership of Starlab Space and Northrop Grumman have signed Space Act agreements with NASA to design and build new space stations. However, with this commercialization comes uncertainty about how much of what the ISS did will be transferred over to the new, privately developed orbiting habitats.
On the one hand, much of the expertise in these commercial ventures is from ex-NASA spaceflight people, and so rather than lose their expertise when the ISS is de-orbited, the processes and values that they embodied at NASA will be merged into the identity of the new commercial stations.
But on the other hand, commercialization could bring with it a loss of transparency.
In the United States, the direction of centrally funded science is governed by the peer review process of the National Academy of Sciences' decadal surveys. It is this process that guides what research NASA funds on the space station, which ensures that science on the ISS is judged only on its scientific merits.
"Are private companies going to be accountable to things like the decadal surveys?" asked Castaño-Rodriguez. "In terms of the process by which experiments will be selected, that's a big question, because the implication is that scientists just become the paying customers and the only experiments that go to the station are the ones that can be afforded."
Science today on the ISS is a truly public affair, with a mandate to make all the data collected by science experiments performed on the space station available in a public repository.
"This is a huge deal because you don't have to be involved in spaceflight to analyze the data," said Castaño-Rodriguez. "This open science is very much part of the space station's history that is not really talked about much, but it's a really important infrastructural aspect that is very international with researchers all over the world participating and engaging and re-analyzing the data produced on the space station."
The risk is that the transition from the publicly funded ISS to commercial stations could see the loss of this accessible open data, though Castaño-Rodriguez sees some reasons for optimism, for example through ex-NASA staff who, in the past, have championed open data and who now work for the private companies.
Castaño-Rodriguez also thinks commercial stations could be just as international as the ISS.
“They're going to be pathways to a lot of middle- to high-income nations to start paying for their astronaut missions," said Castaño-Rodriguez. For example, Axiom Space has already flown two Saudi astronauts on one of their missions (previously NASA had flown a Saudi prince on shuttle Discovery in 1985) as well as the first Turkish astronaut.
However, there's a difference between being a paying guest and a true partner, which is how the mix of international astronauts on the ISS has mostly been seen.
“I don't think [the commercial stations] will be anything like the particular international configuration of the ISS,” said Castaño-Rodriguez. "It's very much a product of its time."
That time being the 1990s and 2000s, off the back of the nearly five-decade Cold War and the dawn — arguably a false one — of renewed international cooperation both on Earth and in space. Militarily trained astronauts on both sides began shaking hands with people they'd been ideologically trained to treat as enemies. At the level of crew-member interactions, mission-control interactions, and scientific interactions, cooperation in space on the ISS helped break down barriers.

When we lose the ISS, we won't just lose its hardware, or how it made science in low-Earth orbit accessible. We'll also lose a pillar of space history that brought together people from different countries that were still learning to trust each other. Even today, despite Russia's invasion of Ukraine and tension that globally arose from the conflict, cosmonauts still fly to the station and work closely with their crewmates from other nations. It's hard to see that being replicated on a commercial station in today's geopolitical climate, at least to the same level and for such a prolonged time as it was exhibited on the ISS.
The space station really has been a unique experiment, an orbiting petri dish where humans have learned to work and live together in space. Wherever our spacefaring takes us in the future, it will owe a great deal to the legacy of the ISS. While we will lose the physical space station, Castaño-Rodriguez describes an infrastructural knowledge that will live on, at least in part, in where we take crewed space exploration next.
As part of her research, Castaño-Rodriguez has interviewed nearly a hundred astronauts, engineers and scientists involved in the ISS who have a unique insight into the importance of this orbiting science post. Perhaps the legacy of the ISS is best summed up by Sergei Krikalev, cosmonaut on the Expedition 1 mission 25 years ago.
"I asked him, when he was there on Expedition 1, did he remember any of the science experiments?" said Castaño-Rodriguez. "He looked me straight in the eye and said, 'the space station is the experiment.'"
]]>The Bwine F7GIM is something of an oddball in terms of weight because at 12.6 oz / 357 g it will require registration with the FAA in the U.S, even for recreational use. The focal length of the camera is 60 mm, which means you can capture subjects from further away, which works well given the weight. Put simply, you don’t have to fly as close as with a 24 mm equivalent camera.
Weight: 12.6 oz / 357 g
Dimensions: 6.50 x 3.54 x 2.56 in / 165 x 90 x 65 mm folded / 14.17 x 11.02 x 2.56 in / 360 x 280 x 65 mm unfolded
Battery: 3200 mAh Li-ion / up to 35 minutes flight
Charger type: USB-C cable
Modes: Stable (Camera), Sport
Video transmission range: 1.89 miles
Video resolution: 4K, 2.7K, 2K, 720p (720p stored on phone)
Frame rates: 4K 30 FPS, 2.7K 50/30 FPS, 2K 50 FPS, 720p 30 FPS
Image quality is respectable, and you can capture photos in JPEG format up to 5700 x 3200 px, which equates to 18MP. Video can be captured up to 4K 30 FPS, while reducing the capture resolution to 2.7K and 2K allows for 50 FPS capture. This is all pretty standard for a basic drone like this, which also offers a handful of useful features we’ll cover later.
The drone is perfectly adequate in most ways, but it is on the expensive side considering the other drones are available for a similar price. These include the DJI Neo and the Potensic Atom 2, both of which are superior drones. However, the F7GIM could still be exactly what you’re looking for, and it does excel in one or two areas, including wind resistance.

This is a compact folding drone that’s just 6.50 x 3.54 x 2.56 in / 165 x 90 x 65 mm when folded and 14.17 x 11.02 x 2.56 in / 360 x280 x 65 mm when unfolded. Looking at it, you could easily mistake the F7GIM for being a sub-250 g model, but it sneaks in at a weight of 12.6 oz / 357 g. As previously mentioned, this means it has to be registered with the FAA in the United States. The drone does feature Remote ID, making it FAA-compliant.
The weight of the F7GIM certainly isn’t the end of the world, but it is something to consider if you’re only looking for a drone for recreational flight. Many beginners opt for sun-250 g models precisely because of not having to register. Not to mention, they’re also smaller and lighter to carry around.



Getting back to the design, the drone comes in a dark grey with orange accents on the propellers, which does look good. Build quality can’t be faulted, while the camera and 3-axis gimbal are well-made.
There’s also an optical flow sensor on the bottom of the airframe for detecting the ground during low-level flying and to assist with landing. As you’d expect, there’s no collision avoidance.


The controller is of a reasonable quality and is quite chunky and comfortable to hold thanks to rubberized grips. It features a small screen that shows basic information, but it’s not bright, so it can be difficult to view in sunny conditions.
The controller offers a range of direct access controls, and the control sticks can be stowed at the bottom of the controller for transportation and storage. The phone holder extends from the top of the controller with space to store the phone cable when not in use.

The F7GIM comes with a level 5 wind resistance rating, which equates to wind speeds of up to 24 mph. The drone was tested in winds of this speed and it had no issues whatsoever, although this is the same wind resistance level as many lighter sub-250 g models. With the weight increase, a power increase would be welcome, but it’s unfortunately absent.
Flying in winds of around 25 mph provided flight times of around 22 minutes, as opposed to the advertised 35 minutes, but it’s safe to assume that less windy conditions would provide longer flights. This would most likely be just a few additional minutes rather than the full advertised 35 minutes per battery, which is optimistic at best.
The F7GIM features GPS and Return to Home (RTH) functionality, and you can set the RTH altitude within the Bwine Mini app. By default, this is set to the minimum of 20 m, so be aware of your surroundings when making your first flight and adjust accordingly.
Return to Home can be initiated by the pilot when the battery is low and when the controller connection is lost. Smart RTH allows you to also control the drone during the return process to avoid obstacles.
There are a few basic subject tracking functions available, but during testing these weren’t the best examples I’ve experienced. The GPS follow was the most reliable since it tracks the controller, but the subject doesn’t always remain in the centre of the camera frame. Orbit, where the drone orbits the subject, was unreliable and haphazard.
Despite these features lacking in performance, overall flight performance is great and can’t be faulted. The controller allows for precise movements, and the gimbal is smooth when incorporating gimbal movements with flight to capture interesting video footage. This is always a good test of drone gimbals, and the F7GIM passed with flying colors.
Within the main feature menu, there are also quite a few other options, including Route Planning, VR Split Screen, Digital Zoom, Night Mode to increase brightness in the app camera view and several other options.
The Bwine Mini app is basic and easy to use, which is ideal for beginners. One point to mention is that by default, the drone is set to Beginner Mode, which limits altitude and flight distance, so you’ll have to manually switch this off to increase both of these.





The F7GIM camera features a 1/3.2 in Sony sensor with a 60mm equivalent focal length and an f/2.0 aperture. This is a long focal length for a single-camera drone, but it seems to work. The camera is supported by a 3-axis gimbal, resulting in smooth video capture.
The important point to make here is that the camera is fully automatic with fixed focus, so you have no control over any settings. This is perhaps ideal for photography beginners, but less so for enthusiasts.

Image quality is surprisingly good despite the fully automatic camera, although it does have a depth-of-field issue. Objects closer to the camera are lovely and sharp, but those in the distance do fall out of focus.
The centre of the frame is also characteristically sharper than the outer area, which is normal for most drones, and since the camera is automatic, it’s best to shoot with the sun behind the drone for more reliable exposures. With no control over exposure compensation, shooting towards the sun results in underexposure.
The only variables that can be changed are the resolution and frame rate of video, while the resolution of photos can be adjusted to three different amounts. Photo sizes are in a 16:9 ratio and are captured in JPEG format. The resolutions available include 3840 x 2160 px, 4096 x 3072 px and 5700 x 3200 px.
Video can be captured in 4K 30 FPS, 2.7K 50/30 FPS, 2K 50 FPS and 720p 30 FPS. 720p is stored on your phone, alongside photos, so you have to keep an eye on how much storage it’s using over time. It’s a shame this can’t be switched off if desired. Other footage and photos are stored on the microSD card in the drone, and the F7GIM can accept 16 to 128GB cards. Video quality is, as is often the case with drones, better than photo quality.
The Bwine F7GIM is a respectable beginner drone, but where it ultimately falls is in its price of $400 / £296. This puts it in direct competition, price-wise, with the DJI Neo and the Potensic Atom 2, which are both more advanced drones with superior flight performance and features in general.
If the F7GIM was less expensive, it would be a much more attractive proposition, although it’s not a bad drone at all if you’re willing to pay that price. Like all tech, it depends on what you're looking for in terms of brand and features.
The drone comes in a kit which includes the drone, controller, two batteries, an extra set of propellers, an extra set of controller sticks, phone cables, USB-C cables for charging, a carry case and other accessories. This is everything you need to get started.
This is a tricky one because the F7GIM is a good beginner drone. It flies well, image quality is good for a basic model of this type and the fully automatic camera makes it incredibly easy to capture photos and videos. What’s more, the kit comes with everything you need and more in terms of the accessories that are included.
The main issue is the price, which is too close to bigger-name and more advanced drone models. However, if price isn’t an issue for you, you won’t go wrong with the F7GIM. It may be the simplicity of the camera that attracts some people to it because it’s very much a point-and-shoot affair.
The DJI Neo is a sub-250 g beginner drone that can be flown autonomously with impressive subject tracking functionality, with the DJI Fly app via your smartphone or using a traditional controller. The drone can capture 4K video and photos in JPEG format.
The Holy Stone HS900 Sirius is another sub-250 g beginner drone worth considering, thanks to excellent flight performance, impressive image quality and useful features. Video can be captured up to 4K and photos in Raw and JPEG.
The Potensic Atom 2 is the best DJI alternative available in a regulator-friendly sub-250 g package. This impressive drone is available at an attractive price and can capture 4K video and photos in Raw and JPEG.
]]>Thanks to modern technology, observatories are advancing their reach. The National Science Foundation's NOIRLab is a hub for ground-based optical and infrared astronomy, providing telescopes and data infrastructure that enable discoveries across stars, galaxies, dark matter, exoplanets and more.
One of those ground-based telescopes is the Rubin Observatory, named after famed astronomer Vera Rubin. Unlike other telescopes, the Rubin Observatory is working to capture the night sky in real-time by scanning it every few nights, creating a digital movie of our universe.
The Rubin Observatory is located on Cerro Pachón in the Andes Mountains in Chile.

To scan the skies in real time, the Rubin Observatory relies on the LSST camera, the largest digital camera ever built, that can image an area of the sky around 40 times the size of the full moon in a single exposure. As it runs, the LSST camera will produce tens of petabytes of data over the next decade. Astronomers hope to use this data to help tackle some of the most pressing cosmic questions, such as those around dark matter and dark energy or studying potentially hazardous asteroids that may collide with Earth.
Rubin's data will be made publicly available during this process, empowering scientists and even citizen scientists worldwide to explore, analyze and make discoveries about our cosmos.
You can learn more about the Rubin Observatory and other ground-based telescopes.
]]>New Glenn is vertical on the pad and its engines are hot.
The second-ever liftoff of Blue Origin's powerful New Glenn rocket is approaching as the launch vehicle undergoes final checkouts at Launch Complex-36A (LC-36A), at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. New Glenn will fly NASA's twin ESCAPADE probes on an ambitious mission to Mars, and could launch as Nov. 9.
The rocket was rolled out to LC-36A the night of Oct. 28, according to a Blue Origin post on X, and went vertical at the pad on Wednesday night (Oct. 29). Blue Origin CEO Dave Limp posted video of the New Glenn Transporter Erector (TE) raising the vehicle the same evening, saying a hot-fire test would follow once the TE was was secured and checkouts complete.

That hot-fire test came on Thursday night (Oct. 30). In a clamped-down ignition, New Glenn's seven BE-4 first stage engines fired up and performed as planned. Blue Origin founder Jeff Bezos posted a video of the engine test that night on X, which was followed shortly followed by Blue Origin's own post announcing the milestone.
"All seven engines performed nominally with a 38-second duration test, including all seven engines operating at 100% thrust for 22 seconds," Blue Origin said on X.
NASA's ESCAPADE (Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers) probes were integrated on top of New Glenn earlier this month at Blue Origin's Titusville, Florida, facility. The Rocket Lab-built twin spacecraft will head to orbit around Mars, where they will study the Red Planet's magnetosphere and analyze how energetic solar wind particles interact with the Martian atmosphere.
The duo were originally slated to fly on the first New Glenn launch, which was targeted for 2024. But NASA pulled the probes from the mission due to concerns about relying on an unproven rocket to successfully launch them to Mars.
New Glenn ended up debuting in January 2025, on a test flight that successfully sent a pathfinder version of Blue Origin's Blue Ring spacecraft to orbit.
The $80 million ESCAPADE mission is a high-profile one for New Glenn's second launch, which will be NASA's first mission headed to Mars since the Perseverance rover launched in July 2020, and the first interplanetary launch ever for the new rocket.

Blue Origin will attempt to recover New Glenn's first stage during the ESCAPADE launch, by way of propulsive landing on a barge in the Atlantic Ocean. The nearly 189-foot-tall (58 meters) booster failed in its landing attempt during its first launch.
Satellite communications company Viasat will fly a technology demonstration as a secondary payload aboard New Glenn on the upcoming launch. That payload is part of NASA's Communications Services Project, which seeks out commercial partnerships to develop networking capabilities for near-Earth satellites.
]]>A sizable asteroid impact generally obliterates anything alive nearby. But the aftermath of such a cataclysm can actually function like an incubator for life. Researchers studying a Finnish impact structure found minerals whose chemistry implies that microbes were present roughly 4 million years after the impact. These findings, which were published in Nature Communications last month, shed light on how rapidly microscopic life colonizes a site after an asteroid impact.
Finland is known for its myriad lakes used by boaters, fishers, swimmers, and other outdoor afficionados. Lake Lappajärvi is a particularly special Finnish lake with a storied past: Its basin was created roughly 78 million years ago when an asteroid slammed into the planet. In 2024, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) established a geopark in South Ostrobothnia, Finland, dedicated to preserving and sharing the history of the 23-kilometer-diameter lake and the surrounding region.
Jacob Gustafsson, a geoscientist at Linnaeus University in Kalmar, Sweden, and his colleagues recently analyzed a collection of rocks unearthed from deep beneath Lake Lappajärvi. The team’s goal was to better understand how rapidly microbial life colonized the site after the sterilizing impact, which heated the surrounding rock to around 2,000°C (3,632°F).
There’s an analogue between this type of work and studies of the origin of life, said Henrik Drake, a geochemist at Linnaeus University and a member of the team. That’s because a fresh impact site contains a slew of temperature and chemical gradients and no shortage of shattered rocks with nooks and crannies for tiny life-forms. A similar environment beyond Earth would be a logical place for life to arise, Drake said. “It’s one of the places where you think that life could have started.”
In 2022, Gustafsson and his collaborators traveled to Finland to visit the National Drill Core Archive of the Geological Survey of Finland.
There, in the rural municipality of Loppi, the team pored over sections of cores drilled from beneath Lake Lappajärvi in the 1980s and 1990s. The researchers selected 33 intervals of core that were fractured or shot through with holes. The goal was to find calcite or pyrite crystals that had formed in those interstices as they were washed with mineral-rich fluids.
The team used tweezers to pick out individual calcite and pyrite crystals from the cores. Gustafsson and his collaborators then estimated the ages of those crystals using uranium-lead dating and a technique known as secondary ion mass spectrometry to calculate the ratios of various carbon, oxygen, and sulfur isotopes within them. Because microbes preferentially take up certain isotopes, measuring the isotopic ratios preserved in minerals can reveal the presence of long-ago microbial activity and even identify types of microbes. “We see the products of the microbial process,” Drake said.
“It’s amazing what we can find out in tiny crystals,” Gustafsson added.
The researchers also used isotopic ratios of carbon, oxygen, and sulfur to estimate local groundwater temperatures in the distant past. By combining their age and temperature estimates, the team could trace how the Lake Lappajärvi impact site cooled over time.

Groundwater temperatures at Lake Lappajärvi had cooled to around 50°C (122°F) roughly 4 million years after the impact, the team found. That’s a far slower cooling rate than has been inferred for other similarly sized impact craters, such as Ries Crater in Germany, in which hydrothermal activity ceased after about 250,000 years, and Haughton Crater in Canada, where such activity lasted only about 50,000 years.
“Four million years is a very long time,” said Teemu Öhman, an impact geologist at the Impact Crater Lake–Lappajärvi UNESCO Global Geopark in South Ostrobothnia, Finland, not involved in the research. “If you compare Lappajärvi with Ries or Haughton, which are the same size, they cooled way, way, way faster.”
That difference is likely due to the type of rocks that predominate at the Lappajärvi impact site, Gustafsson and his collaborators proposed. For starters, there’s only a relatively thin layer of sedimentary rock at the surface. “Sedimentary rocks often don’t fully melt during impact because of their inherent water and carbon dioxide content,” Drake explained. And Lappajärvi has a thick layer of bedrock (including granites and gneisses), which would have melted in the impact, sending temperatures surging to around 2,000°C, earlier research estimated.
About 4 million years after the impact is also when microbial activity in the crater began, according to Gustafsson and his collaborators. Those ancient microbes were likely converting sulfate into sulfide, the team proposed. And roughly 10 million years later, when temperatures had fallen to around 30°C (86°F), methane-producing microbes appeared, the researchers surmised on the basis of their isotopic analysis of calcite.
In the future, Gustafsson and his colleagues plan to study other Finnish impact craters and look for similar microbial features in smaller and older impact structures. In the meantime, the team is carefully packaging up their material from the Lappajärvi site. It’s time to return the core samples to the Geological Survey of Finland, Drake said. “Now we need to ship them back.”
]]>New Glenn is vertical on the pad and its engines are hot.
The second-ever liftoff of Blue Origin's powerful New Glenn rocket is approaching as the launch vehicle undergoes final checkouts at Launch Complex-36A (LC-36A), at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. New Glenn will fly NASA's twin ESCAPADE probes on an ambitious mission to Mars, and could launch as Nov. 9.
The rocket was rolled out to LC-36A the night of Oct. 28, according to a Blue Origin post on X, and went vertical at the pad on Wednesday night (Oct. 29). Blue Origin CEO Dave Limp posted video of the New Glenn Transporter Erector (TE) raising the vehicle the same evening, saying a hot-fire test would follow once the TE was was secured and checkouts complete.

That hot-fire test came on Thursday night (Oct. 30). In a clamped-down ignition, New Glenn's seven BE-4 first stage engines fired up and performed as planned. Blue Origin founder Jeff Bezos posted a video of the engine test that night on X, which was followed shortly followed by Blue Origin's own post announcing the milestone.
"All seven engines performed nominally with a 38-second duration test, including all seven engines operating at 100% thrust for 22 seconds," Blue Origin said on X.
NASA's ESCAPADE (Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers) probes were integrated on top of New Glenn earlier this month at Blue Origin's Titusville, Florida, facility. The Rocket Lab-built twin spacecraft will head to orbit around Mars, where they will study the Red Planet's magnetosphere and analyze how energetic solar wind particles interact with the Martian atmosphere.
The duo were originally slated to fly on the first New Glenn launch, which was targeted for 2024. But NASA pulled the probes from the mission due to concerns about relying on an unproven rocket to successfully launch them to Mars.
New Glenn ended up debuting in January 2025, on a test flight that successfully sent a pathfinder version of Blue Origin's Blue Ring spacecraft to orbit.
The $80 million ESCAPADE mission is a high-profile one for New Glenn's second launch, which will be NASA's first mission headed to Mars since the Perseverance rover launched in July 2020, and the first interplanetary launch ever for the new rocket.

Blue Origin will attempt to recover New Glenn's first stage during the ESCAPADE launch, by way of propulsive landing on a barge in the Atlantic Ocean. The nearly 189-foot-tall (58 meters) booster failed in its landing attempt during its first launch.
Satellite communications company Viasat will fly a technology demonstration as a secondary payload aboard New Glenn on the upcoming launch. That payload is part of NASA's Communications Services Project, which seeks out commercial partnerships to develop networking capabilities for near-Earth satellites.
]]>Have you ever tossed and turned under a full moon and wondered if its glow was keeping you awake? For generations, people have believed that the Moon has the power to stir up sleepless nights and strange behavior – even madness itself. The word “lunacy” comes directly from luna, Latin for Moon.
Police officers, hospital staff and emergency workers often swear that their nights get busier under a full moon. But does science back that up?
The answer is, of course, more nuanced than folklore suggests. Research shows a full moon can modestly affect sleep, but its influence on mental health is much less certain.
I’m a neurologist specializing in sleep medicine who studies how sleep affects brain health. I find it captivating that an ancient myth about moonlight and madness might trace back to something far more ordinary: our restless, moonlit sleep.
Several studies show that people really do sleep differently in the days leading up to the full moon, when moonlight shines brightest in the evening sky. During this period, people sleep about 20 minutes less, take longer to fall asleep and spend less time in deep, restorative sleep. Large population studies confirm the pattern, finding that people across different cultures tend to go to bed later and sleep for shorter periods in the nights before a full moon.
The most likely reason is light. A bright moon in the evening can delay the body's internal clock, reduce melatonin – the hormone that signals bedtime – and keep the brain more alert.
The changes are modest. Most people lose only 15 to 30 minutes of sleep, but the effect is measurable. It is strongest in places without artificial light, such as rural areas or while camping. Some research also suggests that men and women may be affected differently. For instance, men seem to lose more sleep during the waxing phase, while women experience slightly less deep and restful sleep around the full moon.
For centuries, people have blamed the full moon for stirring up madness. Folklore suggested that its glow could spark mania in bipolar disorder, provoke seizures in people with epilepsy or trigger psychosis in those with schizophrenia. The theory was simple: lose sleep under a bright moon and vulnerable minds might unravel.
Modern science adds an important twist. Research is clear that sleep loss itself is a powerful driver of mental health problems. Even one rough night can heighten anxiety and drag down mood. Ongoing sleep disruption raises the risk of depression, suicidal thoughts and flare-ups of conditions like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
That means even the modest sleep loss seen around a full moon could matter more for people who are already at risk. Someone with bipolar disorder, for example, may be far more sensitive to shortened or fragmented sleep than the average person.
But here's the catch: When researchers step back and look at large groups of people, the evidence that lunar phases trigger psychiatric crises is weak. No reliable pattern has been found between the moon and hospital admissions, discharges or lengths of stay.
But a few other studies suggest there may be small effects. In India, psychiatric hospitals recorded more use of restraints during full moons, based on data collected between 2016 and 2017. In China, researchers noted a slight rise in schizophrenia admissions around the full moon, using hospital records from 2012 to 2017. Still, these findings are not consistent worldwide and may reflect cultural factors or local hospital practices as much as biology.
In the end, the moon may shave a little time off our sleep, and sleep loss can certainly influence mental health, especially for people who are more vulnerable. That includes those with conditions like depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or epilepsy, and teenagers who are especially sensitive to sleep disruption. But the idea that the full moon directly drives waves of psychiatric illness remains more myth than reality.
Over the years, scientists have explored other explanations for supposed lunar effects, from gravitational "tidal" pulls on the body to subtle geomagnetic changes and shifts in barometric pressure. Yet, none of these mechanisms hold up under scrutiny.
The gravitational forces that move oceans are far too weak to affect human physiology, and studies of geomagnetic and atmospheric changes during lunar phases have yielded inconsistent or negligible results. This makes sleep disruption from nighttime light exposure the most plausible link between the Moon and human behavior.
If the science is so inconclusive, why do so many people believe in the "full moon effect"? Psychologists point to a concept called illusory correlation. We notice and remember the unusual nights that coincide with a full moon but forget the many nights when nothing happened.
The moon is also highly visible. Unlike hidden sleep disruptors such as stress, caffeine or scrolling on a phone, the moon is right there in the sky, easy to blame.

Even if the moon does not drive us "mad," its small influence on sleep highlights something important: Light at night matters.
Our bodies are designed to follow the natural cycle of light and dark. Extra light in the evening, whether from moonlight, streetlights or phone screens, can delay circadian rhythms, reduce melatonin and lead to lighter, more fragmented sleep.
This same biology helps explain the health risks of daylight saving time. When clocks "spring forward," evenings stay artificially brighter. That shift delays sleep and disrupts circadian timing on a much larger scale than the moon, contributing to increased accidents and cardiovascular risks, as well as reduced workplace safety.
In our modern world, artificial light has a much bigger impact on sleep than the moon ever will. That is why many sleep experts argue for permanent standard time, which better matches our biological rhythms.
So if you find yourself restless on a full moon night, you may not be imagining things – the moon can tug at your sleep. But if sleeplessness happens often, look closer to home. It is likely a culprit of the light in your hand rather than the one in the sky.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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