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README.md
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---
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license: mit
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---
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---
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license: mit
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- radar
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- signal-processing
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- micro-doppler
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- helicopter
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- classification
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- synthetic
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- iq-data
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- time-series
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pretty_name: Micro-Doppler Signatures (Helicopter)
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size_categories:
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- 100K<n<1M
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task_categories:
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- tabular-classification
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- audio-classification
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---
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# Micro-Doppler Signatures
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# Micro-Doppler Signatures - Helicopter Classification Dataset
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Synthetic IQ-sampled radar returns from three helicopter types, generated using a physics-based sinc micro-Doppler scattering model. Designed for benchmarking ML classifiers on rotating-blade target identification.
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## Dataset Description
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### What's in it
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Two CSV files, each with 100,000 samples:
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| File | Contents |
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|------|----------|
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| `helicopter_microdoppler_dataset.csv` | Baseline - fixed radar geometry, SNR in [5, 25] dB |
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| `helicopter_microdoppler_extended_dataset.csv` | Extended - variable radar frequency (8-12 GHz), elevation angle (0-45 deg), bulk target velocity (+/-50 m/s) |
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Each row is one 0.5-second radar observation window at 1 kHz sampling rate (500 complex IQ samples per window), flattened as real and imaginary columns.
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### Target classes
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| Label | Helicopter | Blades | Rotor RPM | Blade length |
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|-------|-----------|--------|-----------|--------------|
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| `2` | Bell UH-1 Iroquois (Huey) | 2 | 300-350 | 6.5-7.5 m |
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| `3` | Aerospatiale Gazelle | 3 | 360-400 | 4.5-5.5 m |
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| `4` | Boeing AH-64 Apache / UH-60 Black Hawk | 4 | 250-300 | 7.0-8.5 m |
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### Signal model
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The micro-Doppler return from the k-th blade is modelled as a sinc function with phase modulation from the rotating blade geometry. AWGN is added to reach the target SNR.
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## Column Schema
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```
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label - int {2, 3, 4} helicopter class (number of main rotor blades)
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snr_db - float signal-to-noise ratio of this sample
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n_blades - int number of rotor blades
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rpm - float rotor revolutions per minute
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blade_length_m - float blade half-length in metres
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I_0 ... I_499 - float in-phase (real) IQ samples
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Q_0 ... Q_499 - float quadrature (imaginary) IQ samples
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```
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Extended dataset additionally includes:
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```
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radar_freq_ghz - float radar carrier frequency (8-12 GHz)
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elevation_deg - float target elevation angle (0-45 deg)
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velocity_ms - float bulk target radial velocity (-50 to +50 m/s)
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```
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## Intended Use
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- Benchmarking classical and deep learning classifiers on radar micro-Doppler data
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- - Evaluating robustness to noise (SNR sweep experiments)
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- - Research into quantum kernel methods on signal classification tasks
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- - Open-set recognition and out-of-distribution detection studies
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- ## Limitations
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- - Synthetic data only - real radar returns include ground clutter, multipath, and hardware-specific artefacts not modelled here
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- - Three helicopter classes only - does not cover fixed-wing aircraft, drones, or birds
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- - Monostatic radar geometry assumed
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- ## Related Repository
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- Code, notebooks, and full experimental pipeline:
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- **[bukac82/radar-microdoppler-ai](https://github.com/bukac82/radar-microdoppler-ai)**
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- ## Citation
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- ```bibtex
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@software{agnihotri2026microdoppler,
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author = {Agnihotri, Vikas},
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title = {Radar Micro-Doppler AI: End-to-End Helicopter Classification},
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year = {2026},
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url = {https://github.com/bukac82/radar-microdoppler-ai}
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}
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```
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## License
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MIT - free to use for research and commercial purposes with attribution.
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