input: Instead of the optimization of one-step ahead prediction in traditional sequence-to-sequence model, the ProphetNet is optimized by n-step ahead prediction which predicts the next n tokens simultaneously based on previous context tokens at each time step.

task_type: fluency


input: We pre-train ProphetNet using a base scale dataset (16GB) and a large scale dataset (160GB)  respectively.

task_type: fluency


input: We pre-train ProphetNet using a base scale dataset (16GB) and a large scale dataset (160GB)  respectively.

task_type: fluency


input: Theses phrases are then used to assign soft labels to a large set of unlabeled examples.

task_type: fluency


input: Our proposed method uses BERT to generate embeddings for sentences of a given text and uses these embeddings as inputs for parallel lines of hidden layers in a neural network.

task_type: fluency


input: The Arabic language is a morphological rich language, posing many challenges for information extraction (IE) tasks, including Named Entity Recognition (NER), Part-of-Speech tagging (POS), Argument Role Labeling (ARL)  and Relation Extraction (RE).

task_type: fluency


input: For the automatic evaluation of Generative Question Answering (genQA) systems, it is essential to assess the correctness of the generated answers.

task_type: fluency


input: Moreover, there is a lack of benchmark datasets to measure the quality of metrics in terms of the correctness.

task_type: fluency


input: To study a better metric for genQA, we collect high-quality human judgments of correctness on two standard genQA datasets.

task_type: fluency


input: To alleviate this problem, we propose a new metric for evaluating the correctness of genQA . Specifically, the new metric assigns different weights on each token via keyphrase prediction, thereby judging whether a predicted answer sentence captures the key meaning of the human judge's ground-truth.

task_type: fluency


input: To alleviate this problem, we propose a new metric for evaluating the correctness of genQA . Specifically, the new metric assigns different weights on each token via keyphrase prediction, thereby judging whether a predicted answer sentence captures the key meaning of the human judge's ground-truth.

task_type: fluency


input: We investigate multiple, representative strategies for cross-view coding, of which the granularity consistent attention (GCA) strategy proves the most efficient and effective in the experiments on  neural machine translation task . Especially, GCA surpasses the previous state-of-the-art architecture on three machine translation datasets.

task_type: fluency


input: Deep leaning models have been used widely for various purposes in recent years in object recognition, self-driving cars, face recognition, speech recognition, sentiment analysis  and many others.

task_type: fluency


input: Deep leaning models have been used widely for various purposes in recent years in object recognition, self-driving cars, face recognition, speech recognition, sentiment analysis  and many others.

task_type: fluency


input: However, in recent years it has been shown that these models possess weakness to noises which forces the model to misclassify.

task_type: fluency


input: This issue has been studied profoundly in  image and audio domain.

task_type: fluency


input: In this manuscript  we accumulated and analyzed different attacking techniques, various defense models on how to overcome this issue in order to provide a more comprehensive idea.

task_type: fluency


input: In this manuscript  we accumulated and analyzed different attacking techniques, various defense models on how to overcome this issue in order to provide a more comprehensive idea.

task_type: fluency


input: Deep neural networks excel at learning from labeled data and achieve state-of-the-art results on a wide array of Natural Language Processing tasks.

task_type: fluency


input: We motivate the development of our framework with several cautionary tales of previous re-search, which has developed numerous less-than-optimal algorithms for computing expectations and their gradients.

task_type: fluency


input: In all cases, our approach matches the efficiency of existing algorithms and, in several cases, reducesthe runtime complexity by a factor (or two) of the sentence length.

task_type: fluency


input: We find our algorithms are upto 12 and 26 times faster than previous algorithms for computing the Shannon entropy and the gradient of the generalized expectation objective, respectively.

task_type: fluency


input: To address and combat this, the NLP community relies on a variety of metrics to identify and quantify bias in black-box modelsand to guide efforts at debiasing . Some of these metrics are intrinsic, and are measured in word embedding spaces, and some are extrinsic, which measure the bias present downstream in the tasks that the word embeddings are plugged into.

task_type: fluency


input: To use its finer-grained input effectively and efficiently, CANINE combines downsampling, which reduces the input sequence length, with a deep transformer stack, which encodes con-text.

task_type: fluency


input: a binary classification (offensive versus non-offensive comments), the level of the offense (highly offensive, moderately offensive and slightly offensive messages), and the identification regarding the target of the discriminatory content (xenophobia, racism, homophobia, sexism, religion intolerance, partyism, apology to the dictatorship, antisemitism and fat phobia).

task_type: fluency


input: This paperdescribes a corpus annotation process  to support the identification of hate speech and offensive language in social media.

task_type: fluency


input: In addition, we provide the first robust corpus  this kind for the Brazilian Portuguese language.

task_type: fluency


input: a binary classification (offensive versus non-offensive language), the level of offense (highly offensive, moderately offensive  and slightly offensive messages), and the identification regarding the target of the discriminatory content (xenophobia, racism, homophobia, sexism, religion intolerance, partyism, apology to the dictatorship, antisemitism  and fat phobia).

task_type: fluency


input: a binary classification (offensive versus non-offensive language), the level of offense (highly offensive, moderately offensive  and slightly offensive messages), and the identification regarding the target of the discriminatory content (xenophobia, racism, homophobia, sexism, religion intolerance, partyism, apology to the dictatorship, antisemitism  and fat phobia).

task_type: fluency


input: a binary classification (offensive versus non-offensive language), the level of offense (highly offensive, moderately offensive  and slightly offensive messages), and the identification regarding the target of the discriminatory content (xenophobia, racism, homophobia, sexism, religion intolerance, partyism, apology to the dictatorship, antisemitism  and fat phobia).

task_type: fluency


input: The  proposed annotation approach is also language and domain independent, nevertheless, it was currently applied for Brazilian Portuguese .

task_type: fluency


input: Our approach incorporates an offensive lexicon composed by implicit and explicit offensive and swearing expressions annotated with binary classes: context-dependent offensive and context-independent offensive.

task_type: fluency


input: Due to the severity of the hate speech and offensive comments in Brazil  and the lack of research in Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese is the language used to validate our method.

task_type: fluency


input: On the subjects of employment and welfare, Mr. Brown said that his party "will offer new entitlements to the carers that serve this country [the UK] so well.

task_type: fluency


input: When discussing crime in the speech, Mr. Brown claimed that his party has "already cut crime by 32\%."

task_type: fluency


input: Not only several design competitions, sponsors like International Forum Design (iF), EPSON, MUJI (in Japanese: 無印良品, Mujirushi Ryōhin), Tsann Kuen Trans-nation Group will also showcase different solutions for  design, creative, and cultural industries.

task_type: fluency


input: In addition, Taiwan Design Center, the show organizer, also designed several site events like "On-line Graduate Season Show"," Carrer Match-up","Creative and Cultural Showcase and Performance","Seminars of YODEX 2008" to link the actual exhibition with  on-line exhibition.

task_type: fluency


input: One hundred students from Serbia who decide to start graduate studies abroad will get 15,000 a year scholarships from the Fund for young talents . Students who can apply need to have at least  8.5 GPA on 5 to 10 scale, and have to be younger then 26.

task_type: fluency


input: One hundred students from Serbia who decide to start graduate studies abroad will get 15,000 a year scholarships from the Fund for young talents . Students who can apply need to have at least  8.5 GPA on 5 to 10 scale, and have to be younger then 26.

task_type: fluency


input: The for by reports disputed by the Russian Consul  shot and killed an attacker on Thursday, after two individuals attempted to commit a robbery.

task_type: fluency


input: "The vice consul got into a physical struggle with the assailant  and during the fight the aggressor's weapon fired shots.

task_type: fluency


input: "Information circulating in the Brazilian press about the alleged shooting [...] of a Brazilian national by a Russian diplomat during an armed robbery does not reflect reality ".

task_type: fluency


input: José Sócrates, prime minister of Portugal, said he was "satisfied with the decision of Volkswagen to produce a new model in the factory of Palmela," and considered that the decision,"reflected the confidence [of the investors] in the portuguese economy."

task_type: fluency


input: By 2008  the factory at Palmela will be only producing the multi-purpose vehicle Sharan and the Eos models.

task_type: fluency


input: With the end of the production of the multi-purpose vehicle, the factory needs to garantee new product lines, since the new Eos is insufficient to maintain the current 2,790 workers.

task_type: fluency


input: a day after he resigned his position as Attorney-General, after publicity around his filing of an incorrect declaration, with the Companies Office on behalf of Queens Park Mews Limited.

task_type: fluency


input: The declaration said that;

task_type: fluency


input: the three shareholders had unanimously agreed not to appoint an auditor for the company, but according to Investigate Magazine, another shareholder  Russell Hyslop, had never been consulted about the matter.

task_type: fluency


input: the three shareholders had unanimously agreed not to appoint an auditor for the company, but according to Investigate Magazine, another shareholder  Russell Hyslop, had never been consulted about the matter.

task_type: fluency


input: Parker was saying early this morning, that he would persist to hold his other portfolios.

task_type: fluency


input: Prime Minister Helen Clark released the news shortly before 11am (NZST) as she walked into a caucus meeting.

task_type: fluency


input: She says "I have this morning accepted Mr Parker's resignation from all his portfolios." Knowingly authorising a false statement is an offence under the Companies Act.

task_type: fluency


input: According to BBC NEWS, Merseyside police have apparently been called in and are working with the Crown Prosecution Service.

task_type: fluency


input: An Earlier article in the Liverpool Echo, had however suggested that some employees of Liverpool City Council felt postings on the blog may be defamatory, a civil rather  criminal matter.

task_type: fluency


input: An Earlier article in the Liverpool Echo, had however suggested that some employees of Liverpool City Council felt postings on the blog may be defamatory, a civil rather  criminal matter.

task_type: fluency


input: Liverpool City Council, has so far declined to comment on the sites dissaperance, although the site had been previosuly blocked from the council's IT systems.

task_type: fluency


input: Liverpool City Council, has so far declined to comment on the sites dissaperance, although the site had been previosuly blocked from the council's IT systems.

task_type: fluency


input: Hewlett-Packard is in a scandal over the alegged illegal investigation of its own board members over leaks from the board to the press.

task_type: fluency


input: The companys admits that it hired private investigators and that they used pretexting to get private phone records of it's own directors.

task_type: fluency


input: Pretexting is where someone pretends to be the customer when calling the phone company to get their phone records.

task_type: fluency


input: It is illegal in the State of California.

task_type: fluency


input: VC investor Tom Perkins resigned from the board on May 22nd 2006 over the issue and requested that HP look into the methods used in it's leak inquiry.

task_type: fluency


input: VC investor Tom Perkins resigned from the board on May 22nd 2006 over the issue and requested that HP look into the methods used in it's leak inquiry.

task_type: fluency


input: 73-year old retired pastor, Reverend Roland Weisselberg, burned himself alive during Reformation Day services on Tuesday in Erfurt, Germany.

task_type: fluency


input: His self-immolation was apparently to protest against the spread of Islam, which he felt the Protestant church should take more seriously.

task_type: fluency


input: Nine people are confirmed dead in a fire in a leather bag facory in Kolkata's South 24 Pargana district in Topsia area.

task_type: fluency


input: Eighteen people were seriously injured and admitted to  National Medical College and Hospital.

task_type: fluency


input: Inspector General of Police (Law and Order) Raj Kanojia said that the fire was broken out at about 3 am when the victims were inside the factory and all the doors were closed.

task_type: fluency


input: The cause of the fire was yet to be ascertained.

task_type: fluency


input: The ocean is divided into five oceans: Pacific (the largest), Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic (the smallest).

task_type: fluency


input: As the world's ocean is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, it is integral to life on Earth, forms part of the carbon cycle and water cycle, and - as a huge heat reservoir - influences climate and weather patterns.

task_type: fluency


input: The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean, and can be divided into further regions categorized by light abundance and by depth.

task_type: fluency


input: Thenumgal Poulose Jacob is an Indian surgeon specialized in vascular surgery, and the founder Head of the Department of Vascular Surgery at Madras Medical College.

task_type: fluency


input: Born in Aluva, in the south Indian state of Kerala  to Thenumgal Poulose and Mariam in a Malayali family, he did his under-graduate studies at UC College before graduating in medicine from Stanley Medical College, Chennai  and secured his MS degree from the same institution.

task_type: fluency


input: Born in Aluva, in the south Indian state of Kerala  to Thenumgal Poulose and Mariam in a Malayali family, he did his under-graduate studies at UC College before graduating in medicine from Stanley Medical College, Chennai  and secured his MS degree from the same institution.

task_type: fluency


input: He started his practice under government service at Madras Medical College where he helped establish the department of vascular surgery in 1978 and served as its founder head till his superannuation in 1993.

task_type: fluency


input: He is doing private practice at T. P. Jacob Clinic in Royapuram, Chennai and is also a consultant vascular surgeon at MV Hospitals for Diabetes, Royapuram.

task_type: fluency


input: is a model and endorser in Philippines,

task_type: fluency


input: which is made to the audience of his appeal, he is look a like an actor in the Philippines, JM de URL Biography Lopez was born and raised in the southern tip of Metro Manila, before he joined the pageant of Mister Philippines, Fhrancis work as a model and he signing contracted in a Go Green Artists his agency and the Project Management, After he won and got the prize, Fhrancis held pageant of Patravadi Theatre, Lopez is one of the finalists Top 16  in Mister International 2011.

task_type: fluency


input: which is made to the audience of his appeal, he is look a like an actor in the Philippines, JM de URL Biography Lopez was born and raised in the southern tip of Metro Manila, before he joined the pageant of Mister Philippines, Fhrancis work as a model and he signing contracted in a Go Green Artists his agency and the Project Management, After he won and got the prize, Fhrancis held pageant of Patravadi Theatre, Lopez is one of the finalists Top 16  in Mister International 2011.

task_type: fluency


input: which is made to the audience of his appeal, he is look a like an actor in the Philippines, JM de URL Biography Lopez was born and raised in the southern tip of Metro Manila, before he joined the pageant of Mister Philippines, Fhrancis work as a model and he signing contracted in a Go Green Artists his agency and the Project Management, After he won and got the prize, Fhrancis held pageant of Patravadi Theatre, Lopez is one of the finalists Top 16  in Mister International 2011.

task_type: fluency


input: which is made to the audience of his appeal, he is look a like an actor in the Philippines, JM de URL Biography Lopez was born and raised in the southern tip of Metro Manila, before he joined the pageant of Mister Philippines, Fhrancis work as a model and he signing contracted in a Go Green Artists his agency and the Project Management, After he won and got the prize, Fhrancis held pageant of Patravadi Theatre, Lopez is one of the finalists Top 16  in Mister International 2011.

task_type: fluency


input: Mister Philippines 2011 & Mister International 2011 Lopez  declared as one of the winner of Mister Philippines 2011, After he won the competition on December 17, 2011, Lopez joined the compete in the Mister International 2011 pageant which is happening in Pattaya, Thailand and Bangkok.

task_type: fluency


input: Mister Philippines 2011 & Mister International 2011 Lopez  declared as one of the winner of Mister Philippines 2011, After he won the competition on December 17, 2011, Lopez joined the compete in the Mister International 2011 pageant which is happening in Pattaya, Thailand and Bangkok.

task_type: fluency


input: Mister Philippines 2011 & Mister International 2011 Lopez  declared as one of the winner of Mister Philippines 2011, After he won the competition on December 17, 2011, Lopez joined the compete in the Mister International 2011 pageant which is happening in Pattaya, Thailand and Bangkok.

task_type: fluency


input: Mister Philippines 2011 & Mister International 2011 Lopez  declared as one of the winner of Mister Philippines 2011, After he won the competition on December 17, 2011, Lopez joined the compete in the Mister International 2011 pageant which is happening in Pattaya, Thailand and Bangkok.

task_type: fluency


input: Paderap has four sons, namely Tuanku Jalaluddin (or Kejuruan Metar), Tuanku Panglima Pasutan (or Kejuruan Padang), Tuanku Tawar (or Kejuruan Santun), and Tuanku Umar (or Kejuruan Junjongan).

task_type: fluency


input: Jalaluddin, Paderap's first son, cannot replace him because of a physical disability.

task_type: fluency


input: This improves standard back-translation and also enables the use of iterative back-translation on language pairs that underperformed using standard back-translation.

task_type: fluency


input: This improves standard back-translation and also enables the use of iterative back-translation on language pairs that underperformed using standard back-translation.

task_type: fluency


input: The approach - tag-less back-translation - trains the model on the synthetic data and finetunes it on the natural data.

task_type: fluency


input: Besides, most of the existing multimodal models are pre-trained for understanding task, which leads to a pretrain-finetune discrepency for generation tasks.

task_type: fluency


input: Besides, most of the existing multimodal models are pre-trained for understanding task, which leads to a pretrain-finetune discrepency for generation tasks.

task_type: fluency


input: In this paper, we propose UniViLM: a Unified Video and Language pre-training Model for both multimodal understanding and generation.

task_type: fluency


input: Our model comprises of 4 components including two single-modal encoders, a cross encoder  and a decoder with the Transformer backbone.

task_type: fluency


input: An exhaustive review of stance detection techniques on social media is presented, including the task definition, the different types of targets in stance detection, the features set used, and the various machine learning approaches applied.

task_type: fluency


input: An exhaustive review of stance detection techniques on social media is presented, including the task definition, the different types of targets in stance detection, the features set used, and the various machine learning approaches applied.

task_type: fluency


input: The survey reports the state-of-the-art results on the existing benchmark datasets on stance detection, and discusses the most effective approaches.

task_type: fluency


input: The study concludes by providing discussion of the gaps in the current existing research and highlighting the possible future directions for stance detection on social media.

task_type: fluency


input: However, we still don't know much about the mechanism inside these internal representationsproduced by BERT . Do they have any common patterns?

task_type: fluency


input: For RoBERTa, the 588^{th} element is always the largest  and the 77^{th} element is the smallest.

task_type: fluency


input: We call them as "tails" of models.

task_type: fluency


input: We  find that these "tails" are the major cause of anisotrpy of the vector space.

task_type: fluency


input: While quantization can be a viable solution to this, previous work on quantizing Transformer based models uses floating-point arithmetic during inference, thus limiting model deployment on many edge processors.

task_type: fluency


input: While quantization can be a viable solution to this, previous work on quantizing Transformer based models uses floating-point arithmetic during inference, thus limiting model deployment on many edge processors.

task_type: fluency


input: Experimental analysis further indicates that LGTR can improve the generalization accuracy on OOD data, while preserving the accuracy on in-distribution data.

task_type: fluency


input: A car crash in the British region of Leicestershire has resulted in the deaths of six people, three men and three women.

task_type: fluency


input: The incident  occurred at around 01:00 UTC today (0200 local time) and it involved a lorry and a Ford Mondeo on the A607 road.

task_type: fluency


input: Location of Leicestershire within England Simon Adkin, from the local police, said that " The black Mondeo was travelling towards Leicester and the lorry was travelling in the opposite direction."

task_type: fluency


input: Location of Leicestershire within England Simon Adkin, from the local police, said that " The black Mondeo was travelling towards Leicester and the lorry was travelling in the opposite direction."

task_type: fluency


input: Location of Leicestershire within England Simon Adkin, from the local police, said that " The black Mondeo was travelling towards Leicester and the lorry was travelling in the opposite direction."

task_type: fluency


input: The driver of the Ford, who was killed in the incident, was a 23-year-old male. In addition to the 23-year-old male, an 18-year-old man, a 19-year old woman and an 18-year-old woman were also killed in the incident.

task_type: fluency


input: In addition to the 23-year-old male, an 18-year-old man, a 19-year old woman and an 18-year-old woman were also killed in the incident.

task_type: fluency


input: The age of the other two people is not yet known.

task_type: fluency


input: The age of the other two people is not yet known.

task_type: fluency


input: Fans have been queing since Thursday morning when a group of fans from Holland, Italy and Canada started queing outside the stadium.

task_type: fluency


input: Sports presenter for 3 News has given an unsatisfactory letter of apology after he abused a taxi driver in Taupo while he was drunk.

task_type: fluency


input: However Wall has admitted that she did make some comments about Brown after the incident, Wall said:"But it has gone on and on." Brown was stood down after the incident by TV3 and Roger Beaumont, a spokesman for TV3, said that he is still not back at work and it is unsure when,  if, he returns ."The investigation is still continuing.

task_type: fluency


input: However Wall has admitted that she did make some comments about Brown after the incident, Wall said:"But it has gone on and on." Brown was stood down after the incident by TV3 and Roger Beaumont, a spokesman for TV3, said that he is still not back at work and it is unsure when,  if, he returns ."The investigation is still continuing.

task_type: fluency


input: TV3 was also conducting their own investigation of which included hiring a private investigator.

task_type: fluency


input: Mr Key, also 45-years-old, said at the announcement of the new leader and deputy leader that he was honoured that he was chosen to be the new leader of the National Party and also hounoured that Mr English would be his  deputy.

task_type: fluency


input: "Can I tell you I think we will make a formidable team  . Key said the public placed a high value on unity.

task_type: fluency


input: He is at number 3 on the list of National MP, behind Key and English.

task_type: fluency


input: His new caucus responsibilities will be: Spokesman for the Security and Intelligence Service and Spokesman for Relationships with Non-Government Parties.

task_type: fluency


input: Moreover, nobody is permitted to reach the accident location.

task_type: fluency


input: TV channel Novyj Kanal translated a telephonic interview with officers from the Ministry of Internal Affairs  during which the existence of any cloud whatsoever is firmly denied.

task_type: fluency


input: TV channel Novyj Kanal translated a telephonic interview with officers from the Ministry of Internal Affairs  during which the existence of any cloud whatsoever is firmly denied.

task_type: fluency


input: Immediately after the interview  a press conference by Kiev mayor, Mr. Leonid Chernovezkij, announces that starting next Monday a daily report about the movements of the same cloud will be available to the population.

task_type: fluency


input: Immediately after the interview  a press conference by Kiev mayor, Mr. Leonid Chernovezkij, announces that starting next Monday a daily report about the movements of the same cloud will be available to the population.

task_type: fluency


input: In an interview to TV channel UT-1  an officer of the ecological service admitted that they have no real data about the area closer to the accident, because not even government officers are permitted to reach it.

task_type: fluency


input: Removal operation In the same press release  the Mayor of Kiev also announced that no transport of whatever dangerous material will be allowed in the town area.

task_type: fluency


input: Its unclear how Kievs transit refusal may affect the operationand whether the mayor has the authority to block national traffic on the railways.

task_type: fluency


input: Yushchenko issued an official call to speed up the closure of the Chernobyl atomic power plants on July, 20. Immediately after he left the country with his family for an unofficial visit to Poland, that will be followed by an official visit to Germany.

task_type: fluency


input: Yushchenko issued an official call to speed up the closure of the Chernobyl atomic power plants on July, 20. Immediately after he left the country with his family for an unofficial visit to Poland, that will be followed by an official visit to Germany.

task_type: fluency


input: Yushchenko issued an official call to speed up the closure of the Chernobyl atomic power plants on July, 20. Immediately after he left the country with his family for an unofficial visit to Poland, that will be followed by an official visit to Germany.

task_type: fluency


input: The Ukraine Procuror General, Mr. Aleksandr Medvedenko, declares to the press that he has visited the accident site together with the President, and that all necessary measures are being taken, both for the liquidation of the accident and the defense of the civilian population.

task_type: fluency


input: In the same interview  the Procuror General announces that the Government of Kazakhstan will accept being returned the phosphor left (the goods were originally from Kazakhstan).

task_type: fluency


input: In the same interview  the Procuror General announces that the Government of Kazakhstan will accept being returned the phosphor left (the goods were originally from Kazakhstan).

task_type: fluency


input: The conversations suggest that RAI (Italian state television) and private rival Mediaset (owned by Silvio Berlusconi) made arrangements to favour Berlusconi himself when he was Prime Minister of Italy.

task_type: fluency


input: In these conversations  RAI and Mediaset managers discussed how to present Berlusconi's defeat at the last elections in news programmes and talk shows and the decision to delay announcement of the bad results.

task_type: fluency


input: This is not the first time Berlusconi is accused of controlling the Italy's media.

task_type: fluency


input: This is not the first time Berlusconi is accused of controlling the Italy's media.

task_type: fluency


input: After almost two weeks of negotiations, this years United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UNCCC) is soon going to end, Friday being scheduled as the last day of the talks, with an extention until Saturday being possible if agreement cannot be reached beforehand.

task_type: fluency


input: While the head of the UNFCCC Sekretariat, Yvo de Boer, stressed from the onset that actual targets for emission reductions were not to be expected to be agreed on, the inclusion of a target frame for industrialized nations is being debated after all.

task_type: fluency


input: However, his stated goal of deciding on a roadmap for negotiations, which he said needed to adress the matter of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions reductions after 2012, and would have to be concluded by 2009, is not yet achieved, there being disagreement on a matter of points.

task_type: fluency


input: But a bigger point of contestion is that the EU and the vast majority of the 190 nations participating in the conference want to set a target of a 25-40\% cut in GHG emissions.

task_type: fluency


input: Excellences from participants Microsoft vs.

task_type: fluency


input: Since Sony Computer Entertainment Taiwan Limited (SCE Taiwan) was established in December 2007, SCE Taiwan  participated in the 2007 Taipei IT Month to rearrange their styles from marketing and cross-industry cooperations.

task_type: fluency


input: And also, they invited their spokespeople "Mayday" to get more visitors to visit the show.

task_type: fluency


input: OBMs in Taiwan Some local OBMs like Softstar Entertainment, International Games Systems (IGS), GameFlier Station, UserJoy Technology, and others showed their versatility by participating  not only in the trade (B2B)  area for international buyers but also the consuming (B2C) area for local visitors.

task_type: fluency


input: OBMs in Taiwan Some local OBMs like Softstar Entertainment, International Games Systems (IGS), GameFlier Station, UserJoy Technology, and others showed their versatility by participating  not only in the trade (B2B)  area for international buyers but also the consuming (B2C) area for local visitors.

task_type: fluency


input: The companies URLanizers were successful in turning the  image of the Taipei Game Show from "a simple consuming show" to "a mixed show with welfare and charity" this year.

task_type: fluency


input: by Ng Yuzin Chiautong, published on August 28, 1971, WUFI Until its annexation by the Qing dynasty in 1683, the kingdom was ruled by Koxinga's heirs, the House of Koxinga, and the period of rule is sometimes referred to as the Koxinga dynasty . Names In reference to its reigning dynasty, the Kingdom of Tungning is sometimes known as the Zheng dynasty (), Zheng clan Kingdom ()

task_type: fluency


input: In the field Corporate diagnosis is a process that involves the three steps of publicly entering a human system, collecting valid data about experiences, and feeding back to the system toward promoting corporate performance (Zarei et al. (2014).

task_type: fluency


input: In the field Corporate diagnosis is a process that involves the three steps of publicly entering a human system, collecting valid data about experiences, and feeding back to the system toward promoting corporate performance (Zarei et al. (2014).

task_type: fluency


input: As BeckhardOrganizational Development: strategies and models - Beckhard 1969 said in the preface to his seminal work ...in our rapidly changing environment, URLanization forms must be developed;

task_type: fluency


input: This is important for OD practitioners as the role is increasingly holistic  URLanizational diagnosis models Until now, the following models are introduced URLanizational diagnosis: Force Field Analysis (1951) Leavitts model (1965) Likert system analysis (1967) Weisbords six-box model;

task_type: fluency


input: (1976) defined by focusing on: One major output, exploring the extent in which consumers of the output are satisfied with it, and tracing the reasons for any dissatisfaction.

task_type: fluency


input: (1976) defined by focusing on: One major output, exploring the extent in which consumers of the output are satisfied with it, and tracing the reasons for any dissatisfaction.

task_type: fluency


input: Congruence model URLanization analysis (1977) Mckinsey 7s framework (1981-1982) Tichys technical political cultural (TPC) framework (1983) High-performance programming (1984) Diagnosing individual and group behavior (1987) BurkeLitwin model URLanizational performance and change (1992) All models are based on open system (Open System Theory (OST):

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input: From the General System Theory is defined by Von Bertalaffy (a system complex of interacting elements), Katz and Kahn (1978) apply the concept  Open System Theory (OST) looks at the relationship between URLanizations and the environment in which they  involved.

task_type: fluency


input: From the General System Theory is defined by Von Bertalaffy (a system complex of interacting elements), Katz and Kahn (1978) apply the concept  Open System Theory (OST) looks at the relationship between URLanizations and the environment in which they  involved.

task_type: fluency


input: From the General System Theory is defined by Von Bertalaffy (a system complex of interacting elements), Katz and Kahn (1978) apply the concept  Open System Theory (OST) looks at the relationship between URLanizations and the environment in which they  involved.

task_type: fluency


input: This focus reflects  URLanization's ability to adapt to changes in environment conditions (with or without the need for information processing  (Boulding, 1956;

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input: This focus reflects  URLanization's ability to adapt to changes in environment conditions (with or without the need for information processing  (Boulding, 1956;

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input: Katz and Kahn, 1978). URLanizational intelligence model (2008) Semantic Network Analysis (2014) (by Zarei, Chaghouee and Ghapanchi) The Consulting Process URLanizational Diagnostic phase is often integrated within an overall OD process, commonly called 'a consulting process'.

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input: Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture, 1999 Harrison, Michael I.  Diagnosing Organizations: Methods, Models, and Processes, 2005 Levinson, Harry;

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input: Organizational Diagnosis - A workbook of theory and Practice, 1978 Zarei, B., Chaghouee, Y. and Ghapanchi, F. (2014) - Organizational Diagnosis in Project-Based Companies: Challenges and Directions, Sage open,4(2), PP.17, DOI: 10.1177/2158244014537498.;

task_type: fluency


input: Organizational Diagnosis - A workbook of theory and Practice, 1978 Zarei, B., Chaghouee, Y. and Ghapanchi, F. (2014) - Organizational Diagnosis in Project-Based Companies: Challenges and Directions, Sage open,4(2), PP.17, DOI: 10.1177/2158244014537498.;

task_type: fluency


input: Discovery Driven Planning . Harvard Business Review, 73(4): 4454 and subsequently referenced in a number of books and articles.

task_type: fluency


input: Discovery Driven Planning . Harvard Business Review, 73(4): 4454 and subsequently referenced in a number of books and articles.

task_type: fluency


input: Boston: Harvard Business Publishing;

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input: Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press  Its main thesis is that when one is operating in arenas with significant amounts of uncertainty, that a different approach  than is normally used in conventional planning applies.

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input: With conventional planning, it is considered appropriate to fund the entire project  as the expectation is that one can predict a positive outcome.

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input: In discovery driven planning, funds are released based on the accomplishment of key milestones or checkpoints, at which point additional funding can be made available predicated on reasonable expectations for future success.

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input: Harvard Business Review, 63(5): 8490 Conventional project management tools, such as stage-gate models or the use of financial tools to assess innovation  have been found to be flawed in that they are not well suited for the uncertainty of innovation-oriented projects Rajesh, S. & Zafar, I. 2008.

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input: Harvard Business Review, 63(5): 8490 Conventional project management tools, such as stage-gate models or the use of financial tools to assess innovation  have been found to be flawed in that they are not well suited for the uncertainty of innovation-oriented projects Rajesh, S. & Zafar, I. 2008.

task_type: fluency


input: Harvard Business Review, 86(1): 98105, 137 Discovery-driven planning has been widely used in entrepreneurship curricula and has recently been cited by Steven G. Blank as a foundational idea in the lean startup methodology Blank, S. (2013).

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input: " Harvard Business Review  91(5): 63-72.

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input: " Harvard Business Review  91(5): 63-72.

task_type: fluency


input: A discovery driven plan incorporates five disciplines or plan elements: Definition of success for the plan or initiative, including a 'reverse' income statement Benchmarking against market and competitive parameters Specification of operational requirements Documentation of assumptions Specification of key checkpoints Using discovery-driven planning, it is often possible to iterate the ideas in a plan, encouraging experimentation at lowest possible cost.

task_type: fluency


input: The methodology is consistent with the application of real options reasoning to business planning, in which ventures are considered 'real' options.

task_type: fluency


input: Academy of Management Review, 22(4): 974996van Putten, A. B. & MacMillan, I. C. 2004.

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input: Making Real Options Really Work . Harvard Business Review, 82(12): 134Dixit, A. K. & Pindyck, R. S. 1994.

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input: Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press

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input: Nationalization of history affects all aspects of life, from relationships with other nationalities to architecture.

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input: This is a result of the fact that nationalization of history corresponds with nationalization of nature, and the fact that reservations and hostilities toward other nations accompanied nationalism from the beginning.

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input: According to the new national historical narrative, they were killed by the Soviet regime because they were Ukrainians  " Nationalist discourse in Croatia presents the aftermath of Bleiburg repatriations as an event where only Croatians suffered and died just because they were Croatians, eluding the fact that many of the victims were Serbs, Montenegrins or Slovenians while many Croatians had died while fighting as collaborators against Yugoslav partisans.

task_type: fluency


input: In cases when history was reinterpreted and filtered by the media and official orthodoxy  there is a situation in which  nationalization of history leads to its denial.

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input: Joo Silva and Kevin Carter in Sudan Invitation by UN Operation Lifeline Sudan In March 1993, Robert Hadley, a former photographer and at this time the information officer for the UN Operation Lifeline Sudan, offered Joo Silva and Kevin Carter to come to Sudan and report about the famine in southern Sudan.

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input: Silva saw this as a chance to work more as a war-photographer in the future.

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input: To pay for the travel  Carter secured some money from the Associated Press and others, but needed to borrow money from Marinovich, for commitments back at home too.

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input: In between Carter was flying with the UN for one day to Juba in south Sudan to take photos of a barge, with food aid for the region . But soon the situation changed again.

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input: In Ayod The next day  their light aircraft touched down in the tiny hamlet of Ayod with the cargo aircraft landing shortly afterwards.

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input: In his teens, he was diagnosed with schizophrenia, but did not receive further psychiatric treatment.

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input: As an adult, he drifted through a series of jobs, marked by a strong work ethic, but also by increasingly bizarre behavior.

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input: In the 1970s, Baumeister was committed to a psychiatric hospital by his father . His wife said he was "hurting and needed help." Baumeister founded the successful Sav-A-Lot thrift store chain (two stores total) in Indianapolis in 1988.

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input: Baumeister would posthumously be suspected of killing nine other men, the bodies of whom were found in rural areas along the corridor of Interstate 70 between Indianapolis and Columbus, Ohio  during the early to mid 1980s.

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input: Previously a residency, or subdivision, of the Presidency of Bengal (officially the Presidency of Fort William), in  1867  the Straits Settlements became a separate crown colony, mainly due to ethnic and linguistic differences, and became directly overseen by the Colonial Office in Whitehall in London.

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input: In these early decades, the island was riddled with opium houses and prostitution, and came to be widely monikered as "Sin-galore" . IT Figures S4 - Toggle, 28 December 2015

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input: Mercado has co-authored scientific publications involving Pharmaceutical Sciences, economic analysis, and sociological analysis and received the Distinguished Research Award from the Academic International Consortium of Indonesia for his work in 2016.

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input: Career Polytechnic University of the Philippines (20052018) In 2004, Mercado first sat as the Acting Director of PUP Ragay.

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input: Tomas Batangas  and then designated as the Dean of the College of Science.

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