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Duplicate from ulamai/UnsolvedMath

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Co-authored-by: Przemek Chojecki <przemekch@users.noreply.huggingface.co>

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  1. .gitattributes +59 -0
  2. README.md +283 -0
  3. categories.json +155 -0
  4. dataset.json +0 -0
  5. difficulty_levels.json +37 -0
  6. open-math.pdf +0 -0
  7. problems.json +0 -0
  8. sets.json +110 -0
  9. statistics.json +45 -0
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README.md ADDED
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+ ---
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+ license: cc-by-4.0
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+ task_categories:
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+ - question-answering
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+ - text-generation
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ tags:
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+ - mathematics
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+ - unsolved-problems
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+ - math
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+ - research
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+ - latex
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+ size_categories:
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+ - 1K<n<10K
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+ pretty_name: UnsolvedMath
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+ ---
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+
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+ [🌐 Browse UnsolvedMath online](https://unsolvedmath.com)
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+
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+ [✅ Paper: Open Mathematical Problems as an AI Reasoning Benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ulamai/UnsolvedMath/blob/main/open-math.pdf)
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+
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+ # UnsolvedMath Dataset
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+
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+ A comprehensive curated collection of **2,084 open mathematics problems** across all domains and difficulty levels, including the largest collection of Erdős problems available in machine-readable format. Available for browsing at [unsolvedmath.com](https://unsolvedmath.com).
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+
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+ Paper: "[Open Mathematical Problems as an AI Reasoning Benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ulamai/UnsolvedMath/blob/main/open-math.pdf)"
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+
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+ ## Dataset Description
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+
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+ **UnsolvedMath** is a comprehensive dataset of unsolved and historically significant mathematical problems, organized by domain, difficulty level, and problem set. This dataset aggregates problems from prestigious collections including:
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+
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+ - Millennium Prize Problems
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+ - Hilbert's 23 Problems
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+ - Smale's 18 Problems for the 21st Century
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+ - DARPA's 23 Mathematical Challenges
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+ - Ben Green's 100 Open Problems
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+ - Erdős Problems
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+ - Kourovka Notebook New Problems
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+ - Kirby's Problems in Low-Dimensional Topology
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+ - OpenGarden / Open Problem Garden
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+
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+ ### Dataset Summary
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+
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+ - **Total Problems**: 2084
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+ - **Erdős Problems**: 632 problems with citations and references
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+ - **Version**: 1.1.0
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+ - **Categories**: 17 mathematical domains
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+ - **Difficulty Levels**: 5 (L1: Tractable → L5: Millennium Prize)
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+ - **Problem Sets**: 12 curated collections
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+ - **Format**: JSON
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+ - **License**: CC BY 4.0
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+
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+ ### New in v1.1.0
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+
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+ This release adds three large source collections:
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+
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+ - **OpenGarden / Open Problem Garden**: 422 problems
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+ - **Kirby's Problems in Low-Dimensional Topology**: 366 problems
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+ - **Kourovka Notebook New Problems**: 150 problems
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+
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+ ### Supported Tasks
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+
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+ - Mathematical research and exploration
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+ - Mathematical question answering
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+ - LaTeX/mathematical notation processing
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+ - Problem classification and organization
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+ - Educational content generation
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+
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+ ## Dataset Structure
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+
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+ ### Data Files
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+
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+ The dataset consists of multiple JSON files:
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+
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+ 1. **problems.json** - Main dataset containing all problems
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+ 2. **categories.json** - Mathematical domain classifications
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+ 3. **difficulty_levels.json** - 5-tier difficulty system
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+ 4. **sets.json** - Problem set metadata (Millennium Prize, Hilbert's 23, etc.)
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+ 5. **dataset.json** - Combined file with all data
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+ 6. **statistics.json** - Dataset statistics
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+
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+ ### Data Fields
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+
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+ #### Problems
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+
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+ Each problem contains:
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+
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+ - `id` (int): Unique identifier
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+ - `title` (string): Problem title
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+ - `statement` (string): Complete problem statement with LaTeX notation
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+ - `background` (string, optional): Historical context and background
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+ - `category` (object): Mathematical domain
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+ - `id`, `name`, `display_name`, `description`, `slug`
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+ - `difficulty` (object): Difficulty classification
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+ - `id`, `level`, `name`, `description`, `color_class`
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+ - `status` (string): "open", "solved", or "partially_solved"
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+ - `source_url` (string, optional): Reference URL
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+ - `sets` (array, optional): Associated problem sets
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+ - `tags` (array, optional): Additional tags
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+ - `year_proposed` (int, optional): Year the problem was first posed
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+ - `solved_year` (int, optional): Year solved (if applicable)
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+ - `solved_by` (string, optional): Solver's name
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+ - `prize_amount` (int, optional): Prize money (USD)
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+ - `created_at` (string): Timestamp
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+
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+ #### Categories
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+
109
+ 17 mathematical domains:
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+ - **Number Theory**: Properties of integers, prime numbers, Diophantine equations.
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+ - **Combinatorics**: Counting problems, graph theory, discrete structures.
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+ - **Graph Theory**: Problems involving graphs, networks, and their properties.
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+ - **Algebra**: Group theory, ring theory, field theory, and algebraic structures.
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+ - **Algebraic Geometry**: Geometric objects defined by polynomial equations.
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+ - **Geometry**: Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry, geometric structures.
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+ - **Topology**: Properties preserved under continuous deformations.
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+ - **Analysis**: Limits, continuity, calculus, and function theory.
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+ - **Partial Differential Equations**: PDEs and their applications in physics and geometry.
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+ - **Set Theory**: Foundations of mathematics, infinite sets, and cardinality.
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+ - **Dynamical Systems**: Problems about long-term behavior of deterministic systems, Hamiltonian dynamics, and periodic orbits.
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+ - **Computer Science**: Computational complexity, algorithms, and theoretical CS.
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+ - **Mathematical Physics**: Problems at the intersection of mathematics and physics.
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+ - **Group Theory**: Problems about groups, group actions, representations, and related algebraic structures.
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+ - **Logic**: Problems in mathematical logic, model theory, proof theory, and finite model theory.
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+ - **Probability**: Problems involving probability theory, stochastic processes, and random structures.
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+ - **Miscellaneous**: Problems whose source classification does not fit the main mathematical categories.
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+
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+ #### Difficulty Levels
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+
130
+ - **L1: Tractable**: Problems that may be within reach with current techniques. Reserved for future additions.
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+ - **L2: Intermediate**: Challenging problems requiring solid mathematical background. Reserved for future additions.
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+ - **L3: Advanced**: Difficult problems requiring specialized knowledge and sophisticated techniques.
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+ - **L4: Expert**: Very challenging problems at the frontier of mathematical research.
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+ - **L5: Millennium Prize**: Millennium Prize Problems and problems of equivalent difficulty.
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+
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+ ## Dataset Statistics
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+
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+ ### Problems by Difficulty
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+
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+ - L1: Tractable: 916
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+ - L3: Advanced: 496
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+ - L2: Intermediate: 316
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+ - L4: Expert: 220
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+ - L5: Millennium Prize: 136
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+
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+ ### Problems by Category
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+
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+ - Number Theory: 546
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+ - Graph Theory: 441
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+ - Topology: 424
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+ - Combinatorics: 230
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+ - Group Theory: 155
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+ - Geometry: 117
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+ - Algebra: 89
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+ - Computer Science: 24
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+ - Set Theory: 16
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+ - Logic: 10
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+ - Algebraic Geometry: 9
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+ - Partial Differential Equations: 8
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+ - Mathematical Physics: 6
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+ - Analysis: 5
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+ - Dynamical Systems: 2
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+ - Probability: 1
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+ - Miscellaneous: 1
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+
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+ ### Problems by Status
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+
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+ - Open: 2075
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+ - Solved: 9
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+ - Partially Solved: 0
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+
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+ ## Usage
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+
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+ ### Loading the Dataset
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from datasets import load_dataset
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+
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+ # Load the full dataset
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+ dataset = load_dataset("ulamai/UnsolvedMath", data_files="dataset.json")
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+
182
+ # Or load individual files
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+ problems = load_dataset("ulamai/UnsolvedMath", data_files="problems.json")
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+ categories = load_dataset("ulamai/UnsolvedMath", data_files="categories.json")
185
+ ```
186
+
187
+ ### Example: Filtering by Difficulty
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+
189
+ ```python
190
+ import json
191
+
192
+ with open('problems.json', 'r') as f:
193
+ problems = json.load(f)
194
+
195
+ # Get all Millennium Prize problems (L5)
196
+ millennium_problems = [
197
+ p for p in problems
198
+ if p.get('difficulty', {}).get('level') == 5
199
+ ]
200
+
201
+ print(f"Found {len(millennium_problems)} Millennium Prize problems")
202
+ ```
203
+
204
+ ### Example: LaTeX Rendering
205
+
206
+ ```python
207
+ # Problems contain LaTeX notation in the statement field
208
+ problem = problems[0]
209
+ print(problem['statement'])
210
+
211
+ # Use a LaTeX renderer like matplotlib or sympy to display
212
+ from sympy import latex, sympify
213
+ # ... render LaTeX content
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+ ```
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+
216
+ ## Data Collection and Curation
217
+
218
+ This dataset was curated from:
219
+ - Official Millennium Prize Problems documentation
220
+ - Historical mathematical problem collections
221
+ - Published research papers and mathematical surveys
222
+ - Reputable mathematical organizations (Clay Mathematics Institute, AMS, etc.)
223
+
224
+ All problems include:
225
+ - Accurate mathematical statements with LaTeX notation
226
+ - Historical context and background
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+ - Proper attribution and source references
228
+ - Classification by domain and difficulty
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+
230
+ ## Ethical Considerations
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+
232
+ - **Academic Integrity**: This dataset is for research and educational purposes
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+ - **Attribution**: All problems are properly attributed to their original sources
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+ - **Open Problems**: Status accuracy maintained to the best of our knowledge as of the dataset creation date
235
+ - **Updates**: Some problems may be solved after dataset publication
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+
237
+ ## Limitations
238
+
239
+ - The dataset represents a curated selection, not an exhaustive list of all unsolved problems
240
+ - Problem difficulty is subjective and based on expert consensus
241
+ - LaTeX notation may require preprocessing for some applications
242
+ - Status (open/solved) should be verified for time-sensitive applications
243
+
244
+ ## Citation
245
+
246
+ If you use this dataset in your research, please cite:
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+
248
+ ```bibtex
249
+ @misc{unsolvedmath2026,
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+ title={UnsolvedMath: A Curated Collection of Open Mathematics Problems},
251
+ author={UnsolvedMath Contributors},
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+ year={2026},
253
+ howpublished={\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/ulamai/UnsolvedMath}},
254
+ }
255
+ ```
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+
257
+ ## Additional Information
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+
259
+ ### Dataset Curators
260
+
261
+ UnsolvedMath project contributors
262
+
263
+ ### Licensing Information
264
+
265
+ This dataset is released under the **Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)** license.
266
+
267
+ You are free to:
268
+ - Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
269
+ - Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
270
+
271
+ Under the following terms:
272
+ - Attribution — You must give appropriate credit and indicate if changes were made
273
+
274
+ ### Contact
275
+
276
+ For questions, issues, or contributions:
277
+ - Website: [unsolvedmath.com](https://unsolvedmath.com)
278
+ - Dataset: [huggingface.co/datasets/ulamai/UnsolvedMath](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ulamai/UnsolvedMath)
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+
280
+ ---
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+
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+ **Generated**: 2026-05-13T14:59:38.597Z
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+ **Version**: 1.1.0
categories.json ADDED
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+ [
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+ {
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+ "id": 1,
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+ "name": "number_theory",
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+ "display_name": "Number Theory",
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+ "description": "Properties of integers, prime numbers, Diophantine equations.",
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+ "slug": "number-theory",
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+ "order_index": 1,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.186Z"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "id": 2,
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+ "name": "combinatorics",
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+ "display_name": "Combinatorics",
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+ "description": "Counting problems, graph theory, discrete structures.",
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+ "slug": "combinatorics",
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+ "order_index": 2,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "id": 3,
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+ "name": "graph_theory",
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+ "display_name": "Graph Theory",
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+ "description": "Problems involving graphs, networks, and their properties.",
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+ "slug": "graph-theory",
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+ "order_index": 3,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "id": 4,
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+ "name": "algebra",
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+ "display_name": "Algebra",
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+ "description": "Group theory, ring theory, field theory, and algebraic structures.",
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+ "slug": "algebra",
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+ "order_index": 4,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "id": 5,
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+ "name": "algebraic_geometry",
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+ "display_name": "Algebraic Geometry",
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+ "description": "Geometric objects defined by polynomial equations.",
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+ "slug": "algebraic-geometry",
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+ "order_index": 5,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "id": 6,
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+ "name": "geometry",
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+ "display_name": "Geometry",
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+ "description": "Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry, geometric structures.",
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+ "slug": "geometry",
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+ "order_index": 6,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "id": 7,
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+ "name": "topology",
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+ "display_name": "Topology",
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+ "description": "Properties preserved under continuous deformations.",
61
+ "slug": "topology",
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+ "order_index": 7,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "id": 8,
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+ "name": "analysis",
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+ "display_name": "Analysis",
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+ "description": "Limits, continuity, calculus, and function theory.",
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+ "slug": "analysis",
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+ "order_index": 8,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "id": 9,
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+ "name": "pde",
77
+ "display_name": "Partial Differential Equations",
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+ "description": "PDEs and their applications in physics and geometry.",
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+ "slug": "pde",
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+ "order_index": 9,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
83
+ {
84
+ "id": 10,
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+ "name": "set_theory",
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+ "display_name": "Set Theory",
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+ "description": "Foundations of mathematics, infinite sets, and cardinality.",
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+ "slug": "set-theory",
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+ "order_index": 10,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
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+ {
93
+ "id": 11,
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+ "name": "dynamical_systems",
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+ "display_name": "Dynamical Systems",
96
+ "description": "Problems about long-term behavior of deterministic systems, Hamiltonian dynamics, and periodic orbits.",
97
+ "slug": "dynamical-systems",
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+ "order_index": 11,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
101
+ {
102
+ "id": 15,
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+ "name": "computer_science",
104
+ "display_name": "Computer Science",
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+ "description": "Computational complexity, algorithms, and theoretical CS.",
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+ "slug": "computer-science",
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+ "order_index": 15,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "id": 16,
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+ "name": "physics",
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+ "display_name": "Mathematical Physics",
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+ "description": "Problems at the intersection of mathematics and physics.",
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+ "slug": "physics",
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+ "order_index": 16,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
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+ {
120
+ "id": 17,
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+ "name": "group_theory",
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+ "display_name": "Group Theory",
123
+ "description": "Problems about groups, group actions, representations, and related algebraic structures.",
124
+ "slug": "group-theory",
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+ "order_index": 17,
126
+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
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+ {
129
+ "id": 18,
130
+ "name": "logic",
131
+ "display_name": "Logic",
132
+ "description": "Problems in mathematical logic, model theory, proof theory, and finite model theory.",
133
+ "slug": "logic",
134
+ "order_index": 18,
135
+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
137
+ {
138
+ "id": 19,
139
+ "name": "probability",
140
+ "display_name": "Probability",
141
+ "description": "Problems involving probability theory, stochastic processes, and random structures.",
142
+ "slug": "probability",
143
+ "order_index": 19,
144
+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
146
+ {
147
+ "id": 20,
148
+ "name": "miscellaneous",
149
+ "display_name": "Miscellaneous",
150
+ "description": "Problems whose source classification does not fit the main mathematical categories.",
151
+ "slug": "miscellaneous",
152
+ "order_index": 20,
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
154
+ }
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "description": "Challenging problems requiring solid mathematical background. Reserved for future additions.",
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+ "color_class": "text-blue-600 bg-blue-50 border-blue-200"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "id": 3,
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+ "description": "Difficult problems requiring specialized knowledge and sophisticated techniques.",
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+ "color_class": "text-yellow-600 bg-yellow-50 border-yellow-200"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "id": 4,
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+ "name": "L4: Expert",
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+ "description": "Very challenging problems at the frontier of mathematical research.",
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+ "color_class": "text-red-600 bg-red-50 border-red-200"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "id": 5,
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+ "level": 5,
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+ "name": "L5: Millennium Prize",
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+ "description": "Millennium Prize Problems and problems of equivalent difficulty.",
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+ "color_class": "text-purple-600 bg-purple-50 border-purple-200"
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+ }
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+ "display_name": "Millennium Prize Problems",
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+ "description": "Seven problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute in 2000, each with a $1,000,000 prize for solution.",
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+ "slug": "millennium-prize",
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+ "display_name": "Hilbert's 23 Problems",
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+ "description": "David Hilbert's list of 23 unsolved problems presented at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris in 1900.",
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "id": 3,
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+ "name": "green_problems",
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+ "display_name": "Ben Green's 100 Open Problems",
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+ "description": "A collection of 100 open problems in additive combinatorics and related areas, compiled by Ben Green.",
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+ },
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+ "name": "darpa_challenges",
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+ "display_name": "DARPA's 23 Mathematical Challenges",
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+ "description": "Mathematical challenges identified by DARPA to drive fundamental research in mathematics.",
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+ {
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+ "name": "smale_problems",
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+ "display_name": "Smale's Problems",
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+ "description": "Steve Smale's list of mathematical problems for the 21st century.",
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+ "slug": "smale-problems",
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+ "name": "landau_problems",
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+ "display_name": "Landau's Problems",
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+ "description": "Four basic problems about prime numbers posed by Edmund Landau at the 1912 International Congress of Mathematicians.",
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+ "slug": "landau-problems",
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+ "display_name": "Hardy-Littlewood Conjectures",
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+ "description": "A collection of fundamental conjectures on prime numbers, Goldbach-type problems, and Waring's problem from the \"Partitio Numerorum\" papers (1919-1923) by G.H. Hardy and J.E. Littlewood.",
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+ "display_name": "Erdős Problems",
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+ "description": "A collection of open problems posed by Paul Erdős, one of the most prolific mathematicians of the 20th century. These problems span combinatorics, number theory, graph theory, and analysis.",
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+ "name": "guy_prime_numbers",
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+ "display_name": "Richard Guy - A: Prime Numbers",
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+ "id": 10,
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+ "name": "kourovka_new_problems_21",
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+ "display_name": "Kourovka Notebook - New Problems, Issue 21",
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+ "display_name": "Kirby's Problems in Low-Dimensional Topology",
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+ "description": "Problems from Kirby-style notes on low-dimensional topology, including knot theory, 3-manifolds, 4-manifolds, and related invariants.",
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+ {
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+ "id": 12,
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+ "name": "opengarden",
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+ "display_name": "OpenGarden",
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+ "description": "Problems imported from the Open Problem Garden collection, using source statements, discussion notes, and subject metadata.",
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+ "created_at": "2026-05-13T14:45:21.187Z"
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+ }
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