The use of this system-level HIL test vastly reduces the impact of the ‘non-ideal’ operation of system hardware on the performance of the ADCS control algorithms


An alternative optimistic definition of the habitable zone estimates about 75%


The STEREO mission constellation is operating nominally in 2010


The PPU necessitated the addition of the heat pipes to the structure


With a total of 13 instruments per observatory


Congratulations to CNSA’s Tianwen 1 team for the successful landing of China’s first Mars exploration rover, Zhurong


Varied in length from 50 ms to 8 seconds


The SLP instrument is designed and developed at BIRA


The Sentinel-6 mission program consists of two identical satellites (Jason-CS A and Jason-CS B)


Including the tilt and drift of the magnetic poles, which are moving over time


In rare cases, these ejections are also very rich in iron - and then particularly dangerous because of the particles’ high mass


To advance the long-term record of sea-surface height measurements that began in 1992


Ilan Porat, "ELOP in Space," Elbit Systems


JunoCam is a color, visible-light camera designed to capture remarkable pictures of Jupiter's poles and cloud tops


The ATLAS (Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System) telescope in Hawaii first spotted the phenomenon, since then named AT2018cow - and nicknamed "the Cow" after the coincidental final letters in its official name - on 16 June


The ERM provided more than three years of precise altimeter data


This operations concept greatly simplifies mission operations and allows for a smaller operations team size


Paving the Way for Future On-Orbit Servicing Missions: the AVANTI Experiment


Image composition of an eruption on the Sun taken by the STEREO twin spacecraft constellation


Duplex data transmission at a rate of 9.6 kbit/s


It is also possible to execute a supplementary calibration by rotating the secondary reflector about the axis of the feed horn


Provide low-latency and targeted imagery tailored to the data needs of the oil and gas sector


The ICON EUV instrument measures the limb profiles of 61.7 nm and 83.4 nm airglow to determine the altitude profile of the daytime ionospheric density


As the main contractor, OHB is responsible overall


Astronomers have discovered a third planet in the Kepler-47 system


On 10 November 2015, the probe serendipitously spotted something especially interesting


The battery cells are connected in series to supply between 6 and 8.4 V


A five-channel panorama radiometer RP-600 at 6.0 cm


The objectives of OWLS are: Assessment and validation of the optical wireless technology for a future data-harnessing substitution in the Foton capsule, To implement the CAN protocol using an optical wireless physical layer


The detector will use an open microchannel plate z-stack with a crossed delay line (XDL) detector


On 14 September 2015, the terrestrial LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) detected gravitational waves


GHGSat-C1 of GHGSat Inc., Montreal, Canada


The top row (a-c) shows coronal images from a plasma formed around 1.5 MK


The X-ray data support a model where the inner part of the accretion disc is tilted with respect to the rest of the system


They each will carry a near-infrared and shortwave-infrared spectrometer to measure atmospheric carbon dioxide at high spatial resolution


The orbital configuration is shown in Figure 2, which depicts the ascending tracks of a circular orbit


Despite being some of the most abundant particles in the Universe – 100 000 billion pass through our bodies every second


IBIS, JEM-X and OMC being in safe mode for the second time this year after a similar event in June


S-6 has a total length of 5085 mm (along Xsc)


New, high-resolution Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich data sets were released at the end of November 2020


Nanoracks Completes 17th Commercial Space Station CubeSat Deployment Mission,” NanoRacks, 19 February 2020


"PSLV-C45/EMISAT Mission," ISRO, 1 April 2019


Scientists will use STEREO observations to calibrate their techniques to monitor what's happening on the far side of the sun


Last November, the DART space probe of the US space agency NASA was launched


Satellite altimetry data have to be continuously monitored at the ESA's Permanent Facility for Altimetry Calibration


The rover is expected to probe the Martian surface with radar and to perform chemical analyzes on the soil; it would also look for biomolecules and biosignatures


The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, launched in April


BIROS is about the size of a washing machine


ICON launched in 2019 to identify how Earth's weather interacts with weather from space


Priroda has six onboard data recorders with a capacity 6 Gbit each


The U.S. Air Force's 18th Space Control Squadron, which detects and catalogs objects in Earth orbit, said in a tweet Friday it is "actively tracking more than 250 pieces of debris associated with (the) Indian ASAT launch"


Band-edge roll-off of anti-aliasing low-pass filters


The SEP instruments measure electrons, protons and heavier ions


Richard Southworth, spacecraft operations manager at ESOC in Darmstadt, Germany


Fragments labeled 1, 2, and 3 are CFRP splinters. These will be defined as 2-D objects. Wire fragments 4, 5 and the wire bundle (8) will likely treated as 3-D. The nugget (6) and charred bent plate (7) are 3-D.


At that point, one spacecraft will use the moon's gravity to redirect it to an orbit lagging “behind” Earth (STEREO B)


The mission designers have done an amazing job crafting an extended mission that conserves the mission's single most valuable onboard resource – fuel


"Mission Operations," UCB/SSL, URL: http://dev.icon.ssl.berkeley.edu/Operations/Mission-Operations


"40-Year Mystery Solved: Source of Jupiter's X-Ray Flares Uncovered," NASA Feature, 13 June 2021


Gets about a third of the light Earth gets from the Sun


The launch vehicle was the VEGA SSMS (Small Spacecraft Mission Service)


The bottom deck provides the interface to the photometer


Tristan Guillot, a Juno co-investigator from the Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France


Take series of photographs and individual images of Earth's surface with a special camera to confirm the position of the satellite


The DART spacecraft will be launched on an Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV)


A low to mid latitude near-circular precessing orbit is needed


With the current setup and a 60 cm ∅ OGS (Optical Ground Station), a data rate of 1 Gbit/s can be reached at an elevation angle of 20º


Jupiter has the largest, most powerful magnetic field of all the planets in our solar system, with a strength at its source about 20,000 times stronger than Earth's


A series of 10 Shuttle flights to the Mir station in the timeframe 1995-1998


The spacecraft has been built under ESA contract by a large industrial consortium led by Alenia Spazio as prime contractor


The assumptions are: the amount of gas entering the chamber is the same as that leaving, the sensor is operating in a free-molecular flow regime, and the gas measured by the gauge has been completely accommodated to the temperature of the chamber walls


The clouds shown rise five times higher than similar convective towers in the relatively shallow atmosphere of Earth


The AISTECHSAT-3 nanosatellite is Aistech's second spacecraft to launch into orbit


Each of the nearly identical STEREO spacecraft is three-axis-stabilized


MOS-A is a four-channel diffraction-scanner spectrometer


As the doomed star orbits the black hole, it lays down its gas in a disc, know as an accretion disc, surrounding the black hole


Which are distributed by the NODC (National Oceanographic Data Center), Silver Spring, MD


The orbiter’s seven instruments include: Medium-Resolution Camera, High-Resolution Camera, Mars-Orbiting Subsurface Exploration Radar


The project is now in the extended mission phase


Reported by British astronomer Richard Carrington


The SPC extended the operations of the high-energy observatory INTEGRAL by one year


The DACs of the AMR-H and AMR-V units are crossed-strapped to the SCS


EUMETSAT will also carry out the operations build-up and operations of the Sentinel-6 system


The Juno spacecraft launched on Aug. 5, 2011


The most sensitive infrared telescope on Earth at the W. M. Keck Observatory


To place the 28 international customer satellites precisely into a sun-synchronous orbit


The scientists plotted the combined data on Hovmöller diagrams, a diagnostic tool developed by meteorologists to highlight the role of waves in Earth's atmosphere


The data are stored in the spacecraft’s solid-state recorder and transmitted to the ground approximately once a month


The HRMR 90 GHz prototype's measured noise temperature is ~500 K


Right ascension of ascending node (Ω) 36.411208


The passive attitude control system uses the magnetic torque of a bar magnet against the earth's magnetic field and a set of hysteresis rods to align the satellite to within 15º of the local magnetic field


The instrument was designed and built by the Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory


The spacecraft’s chemical propulsion system is comprised of 12 MR-103G hydrazine thrusters


OSM-1 Cicero, the first nanosatellite developed in Monaco by OSM (Orbital Solutions Monaco engineers, a 6U CubeSat with a mass of ~10 kg)


The SAR antenna radiating area approximate dimensions are 10 m by 3.5 m


Last signals showed increasing onboard temperatures


We will still have a safe reentry in February 2029 as a result of natural orbit decay


The TET-X bus contains OBC (OnBoard Computer)


The mirror can be used to block the sun when the instrument is commanded to safe hold


Kepler's K2 mode, which ran from 2014 to 2018


They also maintain a presence at the MOC


The PSLV-C9 vehicle successfully launched the IMS-1 (Indian Microsatellite-1) of 83 kg


The structure of the spacecraft is based on the multi-mission CAST968 bus, a box-shaped satellite with overall dimensions of 1.4 m x 1.1 m x 0.953 m


102 spacecraft missions consisting of communication satellites, earth observation satellites, experimental satellites, navigation satellites, apart from satellites meant for scientific research and exploration, academic studies and other small satellites


Six cameras view the object from different elevation angles


The global mean sea level is likely to rise between 0.29 m and 1.1 m by the end of this century


Researchers are still trying to solve the mystery of how the jet streams form


Winfried Halle, FireBIRD project manager at the DLR Institute of Optical Sensor Systems


At present, Juno's orbital period is 53.4 days


Get the Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Mission (CO2M) ready for liftoff in 2025


The extended mission's science campaigns


Over the weekend they powered up the imaging instrument


The AOCS features multiple functional and hardware redundancies; it consists of two IMUs


Ops DMZ network (which has fewer restrictions and is a less secure network)


Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2 (2008-2019)


This is why radar altimeters are now in their fifth generation


With INTEGRAL the astronomers were able to see the spectrum of the source entirely, including its upper limit at soft gamma-ray energies


To avoid the background radiation effects which would interfere with the measurement of gamma rays


They have remained distinct, with individual morphologies over the seven months of observations


Zhurong’s route and ability to access these areas will however depend on science objectives and priorities


By mapping Jupiter's gravitational and magnetic fields, Juno will reveal the planet's interior structure and measure the mass of the core, Juno will determine the global structure and motions of the planet's atmosphere below the cloud tops for the first time, mapping variations in the atmosphere's composition, temperature, clouds and patterns of movement down to unprecedented depths, This powerful magnetic environment creates the brightest auroras in our solar system, as charged particles precipitate down into the planet's atmosphere


December 2014 Complete fragment measurements


The launch of Foton-M3 along with YES2 took place on Sept. 14, 2007


This November, the spacecraft will launch


Data from NASA's Juno mission indicates that most of the lightning activity on Jupiter is near its poles


Three solar panels extend outward from Juno's hexagonal body, giving the overall spacecraft a span of about 20 meters


The ICON mission is lead by Thomas J. Immel (PI) of UCB/SSL


The entire satellite, HES, and avionics were stowed away into a standard Hitchhiker canister of 0.14 m3 in volume


Interplanetary shocks 0.02 AU (5 seconds)


Didymos is within 0.08 AU from the Earth and is bright enough for useful data to be obtained by small ground-based telescopes


INTEGRAL, one of ESA's longest-serving and most successful space observatories, has begun a series of four thruster burns


Which was strong enough to cause serious disruptions if it had been Earth-directed


The data paths to and from the hosted payload will use Iridium's globally accessible, space and ground network


Emitter: Second harmonic of Nd-Yag lasers: λ = 532 mm


The ESA (European Space Agency) JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) mission is scheduled to begin a 3 1/2-year exploration of Jupiter's giant magnetosphere, turbulent atmosphere, and its icy moons Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa beginning in 2030


Parasol is currently crossing the equator at approximately 3:00 pm local time


The YES2 Precursor on Foton-M2 was cancelled and not flown in the 2005 mission


A high-resolution camera to return images with a resolution of better than 0.50 meters per pixel


Gravitational waves are released when massive bodies are accelerated


Its abundance should not change from one place to another on the planet


This supernova brightened rapidly a few days after the initial explosion—about three times faster than a typical supernova at this time period


Information provided by Xinlin Li, PI (Principal Investigator) of the CSSWE project at LASP (Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics) of CU-Boulder


Repeat cycle of 16 days (8 days for the constellation)


Measurements of winds detected by MIGHTI influence the direction of plasma


Four EUV emission lines between 17.1 and 30.4 nm are observed


Momentus has signed a contract modification with NASA's Kennedy Space Center to provide orbital delivery services


The primary objective for MIGHTI is to determine thermospheric winds and temperatures


Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI)


The S/C structure (a hexagon with a diameter of 50 cm and a height of 53 cm with a mass of about 8 kg)


Orbiting its star at 0.444 Astronomical Units (AU, the distance between Earth and our Sun)


Nicknamed "the Cow" after the coincidental final letters in its official name


ESAIL is a maritime microsatellite with a mass of 112 kg for AIS (Automatic Identification System) ship tracking


TSLC (Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center), located in the northwest part of the Shanxi Province, China


The 240 kg Zhurong rover touched down on the dunes of southern Utopia Planitia at 7:18 p.m. EDT May 14


Tether of 30 km in length (mass of 5 kg)


The planetary missions will get three times the opportunity to have conjunctions and oppositions with well instrumented spacecraft than they do now


The downlink payload data rate is 8 Mbit/s


The sensor exploits an APS photodetector


The Data Transmission Services Agreement will cover the services during routine on-orbit operations including: Command and control of Iridium PRIME SV including tracking, station keeping, space vehicle planning, anomaly resolution, arbitration of bandwidth and power usage by multi-payload missions, and network operations, planning, and maintenance. Continuous access to 1 Mbit/s by the complement of hosted payloads on each SV


AAC Clyde-Space Ltd. (Glasgow, UK), is in charge of the platform development, payload integration, the ground-based station and satellite control and monitoring


These can include interference on the magnetometers from magneto-torquer output and magnetometer reading; reaction wheel velocity and gyros output; sensor noise and pointing accuracy


Payload customers will have continuous connectivity for payload command and mission data dissemination through the Iridium mesh network with typically less than 0.5 second delay


NASA’s Moon to Mars Space Weather Office at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, in collaboration with the Community Coordinated Modeling Center tracks solar activity to give advanced warning to spacecraft and crewed missions


TARS-1, a 6U CubeSat of Kepler Communications, developed at ÅAC Clyde Space for IoT (Internet of Things) applications


NASA's Juno Spacecraft Updates Quarter-Century Jupiter Mystery," NASA Feature, 11 December 2020


China's first seismo-electromagnetic satellite Zhangheng 1 has obtained fruitful electromagnetic data


They can produce short bursts of high-energy radiation that typically last for not even a second


This project is a good collaboration among academia, DoD, and NASA


AeroCube-4.5 Aerospace Corp. El Segundo, CA 1U


Recent observations and forecasts show that the SAA region is expanding westward and continuing to weaken in intensity


HI-2: 30.5 mm EFL (Effective Focal Length)


It will contribute to the determination of the ozone distribution in the stratosphere, the temperature profile up to the mesosphere and the electronic plasma characterization in the ionosphere


The instrument electronics include a high voltage power supply attached to the cavity housing. A detector electronics module containing front end amplifiers and dual (X,Y) time delay to digital converters (TDCs) and a digital interface card are located in the XDL electronics stack


Tianwen 1 robotic probe entered its preset parking orbit above Mars on Wednesday and will fly in this orbit for about three months before releasing its landing capsule


Electromagnetic waves, circularly polarized, with very low and ultra low frequency (VLF/ULF)


This places the planet within a recently discovered category called the Fulton gap, or radius gap


Valerie Fernandez, ESA’s CO2M Project Manager


Planets orbiting evolved stars similar to Kepler-1658 are rare


The electronics and trigger system of the High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) onboard the China Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES)


Juno will ... Determine how much water is in Jupiter's atmosphere, which helps determine which planet formation theory is correct (or if new theories are needed) Look deep into Jupiter's atmosphere to measure composition, temperature, cloud motions and other properties Map Jupiter's magnetic and gravity fields, Explore and study Jupiter's magnetosphere near the planet's poles


Approved contracts totalling €2.55 billion to forward the development of six new Copernicus satellite missions


AT2018cow and its host galaxy, CGCG 137-068


OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System) instrument of CSA (Canadian Space Agency)


The spacecraft was rotating at five times its maximum when under control


S-6 mechanical configuration (nadir view)


PSLV Launches Ten Satellites,” Spacedaily, April 29, 2008


Integral’s scientific efficiency was restored by September 2020


These have enabled the SPI’s energy resolution to be maintained to within 15% of its pre-launch value


Copernicus Sentinel-6 first waveform results


That team reviews Robovetter's work, going through all false positives to ensure they are truly errors and not exoplanets


A. E. Giraldez, "SAOCOM-1 Argentina L-band SAR Mission Overview," Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Coastal and Marine Applications of SAR (CMASAR), Sept. 8-12, 2003, Svalbard, Norway


Rendezvous operations of an active small satellite (BIROS) within separations between 10 km and few hundreds of meters from a picosatellite (BEESAT-4)


The spacecraft is now drifting in a safe orbit around the Sun, 94 million miles away from Earth


JEM/Kibo-EF (Exposed Facility) of the ISS (launch on Sept. 10, 2009)


Proceedings of the 59th IAC (International Astronautical Congress), Glasgow, Scotland, UK, Sept. 29 to Oct. 3, 2008


Dido-3 will be monitored from the Ground Station developed by SpacePharma in Switzerland


MIGHTI tracks red and green oxygen airglow


In order to suppress systematic effects on spatial and temporal background variations in the spectrometer (SPI) detectors, a controlled and systematic spacecraft dithering ("raster-scan") maneuver is required


Thermal subsystem Passive radiator, Active heater


The blast hurled a billion-ton cloud of gas (a CME) into space


When the LIGO/Virgo sensors start their observations again, with improved sensitivity, in late 2018


The XPOD (Experimental Push Out Deployer) system of UTIAS/SFL was used to deploy the following secondary payloads: CanX-2, SEEDS-2, Delfi-C3, COMPASS-1, AAUSat-2, and NTS


Yielding the Level 1 data product, main beam brightness temperature


6th European CubeSat Symposium, Estavayer-le-Lac, Switzerland, October 14-16, 2014


Payload data (image sequences) are provided by extra LVDS-based interfaces


Three or more transits of a star with a statistically consistent period, brightness change and duration provide a rigorous method of detection


I took images of the stars as if from space, using adaptive optics


Momentus has signed a contract modification with NASA's Kennedy Space Center


The detection of Earth-size planets would require space-based observations


The FOV (Field of View) of the photometer be out of the ecliptic plane


Isp (specific impulse) > 1300 s @ 300 W input


The orbiter will employ a pair of cameras to image the preselected landing sites


Multiple passages through Jupiter's tenuous rings


The launch mass, including system margin and propellant mass, is 1362 kg


The AMR-C receiver is based on heritage from the previous missions with addition of a HRMR (High Resolution Microwave Radiometer) and a SCS (Supplemental Calibration System)


Enabling unprecedented studies of the distribution and motions of stars in the Milky Way and beyond


On the NG Cygnus CRS-11 resupply mission to the ISS (Antares 230 vehicle)


The surface at its poles is constantly being bombarded by plasma from Jupiter's gigantic magnetosphere


The VISION instrument produces vast quantities of data, approximately 8 GB per observation


On May 11, 2015, ESA and Airbus Defence and Space signed a contract to develop the Jason-CS / Sentinel-6A satellite mission


With magnetic fields a thousand times stronger than that of ordinary neutron stars


After both spacecraft have left the Earth-moon vicinity, they will be in heliocentric orbits at nearly 1 AU


Using data from NASA's Kepler space telescope, citizen scientists have discovered a planet roughly twice the size of Earth


SAC has a 20º pointing tolerance toward the sun


Mars Express, SOHO, and XMM-Newton each received extensions of two years


Among the roughly 200,000 stars observed by the Kepler mission


Many of the country's atolls and coral islands rising no higher than 2 m above sea level


The Kepler space telescope has survived many potential knock-outs during its nine years in flight


Figure 1 shows the volume available for hosted payloads on Iridium PRIME


The spectroscopy technique uses a laser to zap a pinhead-size portion of a rock, and a spectrometer to analyze the light given off by plasma generated by the laser’s interaction with the rock’s surface


The extended mission involves 42 additional orbits


The project had to wait about 2 weeks until the rear side active regions of the sun rotated into view on the front side


INTEGRAL has the capability to pinpoint the position of such a very bright event incredibly accurately


An on-board change to the INTEGRAL software, which allowed 25% more telemetry to be transmitted to the ground


Allowing us a better understanding what is happening on the nightside, where the dawn storms are born


The scientists agreed that Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich should become the reference satellite for sea level measurements


Sensor complement - CMOS camera (640 x 480 dpi), to take some images of the Earth - 3-axis angular rate sensor (yaw, pitch and roll)


Orbital Debris Assessment Testing in the AEDC Range G


Protons will be measured and binned into four differential energy channels of 8.5-18.5, 18.5-25, 25-30.5, and 30.5-40 MeV


The compact object on the right - a neutron star or a black hole


The spacecraft is designed for an operational lifetime of 3 years


The EPS also makes use of a 30 Wh battery


Using a high-resolution camera to prepare for the landing in May


The rocket’s upper stage deployed NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft about 55 minutes later


The altimeter consists of two main subsystems: the RF section and the signal processor


Yielded temperature maps with over ten thousand individual data points


An integrated navigation package built by Kayser-Threde (Munich)


Interferometer echelle grating groove density 128 grooves/mm


SAOCOM Mission Overview," 2011 CEOS SAR Calibration and Validation Workshop Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, Nov. 7-9, 2011


After its main engine worked for over 480 seconds


The TT&C includes on S-band antenna, one X-band antenna, two UHF/VHF omnidirectional antennas


The 240 kg Zhurong rover successfully landed in Utopia Planitia


The impact will change the orbit of Dimorphos slightly


The Kepler Mission to compete against the many excellent proposals received at every AO for a Discovery-class mission


The new map shows that Jupiter's zonal winds are pulling the Great Blue Spot apart


Surveying the entire galaxy looking for the radioactive isotope 26AL with INTEGRAL


This will provide the EU with a unique and independent source of information to assess the effectiveness of policy measures, and to track their impact towards decarbonizing Europe and meeting national emission reduction targets


The Sagnac interferometer produces a fixed (stationary) pattern of interference fringes of equal thickness


To cover the same area by Band-1 as seen by Band-64, it takes around 37.68 seconds


The system currently features six point-and-shoot cameras, a rigid support structure, a rotary turntable, a green screen background, and diffuse lighting. The system also features a desktop computer


Over a couple of days, excess energy builds up in the reaction wheels


Stripmap SP: HH or HV or VH or VV DP: HH/HV or VV/VH QP: HH/HV/VH/VV 21º - 50º 21º - 50º 20º - 35º


SAOCOM 1A – the Argentinian Earth observation satellite – has shipped to Vandenberg Air Force Base


The PARASOL microsatellite and POLDER-P are operating nominally in 2011


Both STEREO spacecraft are currently performing as expected and taking science data on a regular basis


The agency has been monitoring the Kepler spacecraft closely for signs of low fuel


Only several thousands of volts are typically needed to generate the most intense auroras


Small enough to be considered rocky, instead of gaseous like the giant planets of the Solar System


An optical uplink channel with up to 1 Mbit/s


Interferometer OPD (Optical Path Difference) interval 4.2-6.0 cm


The optical link enables the transmission of roughly 200 Gbit per day


The probe will be gold-plated to better withstand the atomic oxygen environment of low Earth orbit


The pluggable processor is a new architecture developed by Pumpkin which allows the customer to select a processor from a range of choices which can be directly plugged into the motherboard


Preliminary data of the proton flux, focusing on the first 20 days of science


Around 100 of the brightest supermassive black holes in other galaxies


About half of the estimated 96 kg of fuel available


Can improve revisit time to hours, minutes, or even constant coverage


STEREO-B’s line of sight to Earth – and therefore all communication – was blocked by the sun


For this mission, the torque is limited to 0.23 mNm


With wavelengths of two to five µm — three to seven times longer than visible wavelengths


The satellite structural model is being tested in ESA’s Test Centre in the Netherlands


The post hypervelocity-impact test activities, which include fragment collection, extraction, and characterization, have been designed to minimize handling of the fragments


Originally positioned to stare continuously at 150,000 stars in one star-studded patch of the sky in the constellation Cygnus


Subject to a mid-term review and confirmation after two years


The vehicle's fourth stage engines were restarted twice


Drift towards its final, operational orbit


The stream of charged particles that flow outward from the Sun in all directions


On Monday, June 7, at 1:35 p.m. EDT (10:35 a.m. PDT)


A Dicke switch at the receiver waveguide output toggles between the antenna signal and 50 W load for a differential measurement


Spectral range (nm) Band 2 (Green) 541 - 577


From scenarios published in 2015 for Cop21, we can observe that the sea-level rise phenomenon is accelerating faster than expected


A THz radiometer, HRMR, has been added to the AMR-C instrument


The ice at and surrounding Ganymede's north pole has been modified by the precipitation of plasma


A giant sunspot, fully ten times the diameter of Earth


Proceedings of the 59th IAC (International Astronautical Congress), Glasgow, Scotland, UK, Sept. 29 to Oct


Foton was envisaged as a microgravity platform for physics and materials science


We detected the magnetar’s burst of high-energy, or ‘hard’, X-rays using Integral on 28 April


The tether deployment stopped abruptly at 8625 s


EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read¿Only Memory) 1 MByte


Tianwen-1, meaning ‘questions to heaven’, is taken from the name of a long-form poem by Qu Yuan, a poet born in the fourth century B.C., according to CNSA chief engineer Xiaochun Ge


Several types of background variations are present: (i) short-term variations due to solar activity and solar system “weather”, (ii) variations over the orbital period (related to the position of INTEGRAL in the orbit), and (iii) long-term variations over the mission duration


Three major communication protocols being used on-board: full duplex SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), half duplex I2C and AX.25


Recently joined the TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology


The data have been collected with the IBIS/ISGRI instrument on board INTEGRAL in the 18–40 keV energy range


Set to extend the legacy of sea-surface height measurements until at least 2030


The YES2 satellite has a total mass of about 36 kg


The focal plane is cooled to about -85º Celsius


Implementation of hardware and software encapsulation technology


On June 7, 2021, NASA's Juno spacecraft flew closer to Jupiter's ice-encrusted moon Ganymede than any spacecraft in more than two decades


First signals from Pico Dragon were received on Nov.


The first phase of YES2 (2002-2003), The second phase


October 8, 2018: After the separation of the launcher, the initial sequence of activities of the new Argentine satellite SAOCOM-1A began


The operation of six ESA-led missions (Cluster, INTEGRAL, Mars Express, PROBA-2, SOHO and XMM-Newton) from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018


JPL, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Juno mission


The rover will begin an initial 90-day mission to explore and analyze the local area, climate, magnetic field and subsurface


NASA’s PSP (Parker Solar Probe) spacecraft, scheduled to launch in 2018


A collaboration that includes several INFN Divisions (Bologna, Naples, Perugia, Roma Tor Vergata), the INFN Center TIFPA of Trento, the INFN National Laboratories of Frascati, the Universities of Trento, Roma Tor Vergata, Uninettuno and the Institutes INAF-IAPS (Italian National Institute of Astrophysics and Planetology) and INGV (Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology)


Dance of plasma 370 miles above Earth's surface


"Global upper-atmospheric heating on Jupiter by the polar aurorae," Nature, Volume 596, pp: 54-57, Published: 4 August 2021


It will be launched by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket


Calculate its position via analysis of the doppler effect with an accuracy of about 100 m


On March 27, 2019 India conducted Mission Shakti, an anti-satellite missile test


Juno's Microwave Radiometer (MWR), which samples the thermal microwave radiation from Jupiter's atmosphere, from the top of the ammonia clouds to deep within its atmosphere


Jupiter's radiation belts, which pose such a challenge to Juno and to upcoming spacecraft missions to Jupiter under development


Test of improved flight software, designed to reduce power usage - to extend mission life


Improvements in the temporal and spatial resolution of gravitational field mapping


A LRA (Laser Retro-Reflector), that supports POD


The Restricted IONet is a secure NASA network


Due to insufficient ergols, the current planning calls for the satellite to be deorbited during the autumn of 2013


The mass of the ejected payload is about 12 kg


Pointing stability required 1.5 arcsec over pB sequence (7 s)


VISIR (Visible Infrared TV-monitor and Atmospheric Refractometer)- a TV camera (part of the ISTOK-1 instrumentation) with the objective of surveying the region of measurement (clouds) with 256 x 256 pixels


In the coming years the orbit will again circularize somewhat, reaching a perigee height of close to 10,000 km in late 2015


Then, the star camera acquires images of the target area


Will be installed on the Jason-CS/Sentinel 6-A and Jason-CS/Sentinel 6-B satellites


Each of the two 1.5U CubeSats will host a GPS radio occultation sensor (CTECS-A)


50 representative satellites were selected for analysis


VENµS will keep on imaging in a circular sun-synchronous orbit


A radar altimeter derives the height of the satellite above Earth by measuring how long a transmitted radar pulse takes to reflect from Earth's surface


The system has an f/3.4 number in the spatial


The OBC can send HPC-SHP (High Priority High Power Commands) to various equipments


This mysterious planet is the biggest one in our solar system by far


The MOMS-2P objectives cover applications in the fields of photogrammetry, land cover, geomorphology, ecology, basic research in the spectral signatures of rocks, soil, vegetation


India is a signatory to this treaty, and ratified it in 1982


Astronauts on board the core module of the Tiangong space station will carry out their second extravehicular activity


Moreover, additional considerations of attitude constraints and ground station coverage had to be taken into account


Undergoing an environmental test campaign that will run through until next March


It was difficult to tell exactly what was going on with McNaught’s dust


“Tianwen-1 is going to orbit, land and release a rover all on the very first try, and coordinate observations with an orbiter”


It can detect radiation from events far away and from the processes that shape the Universe


DebriSat is 45% more massive than Transit


JIRAM will study Jupiter's atmosphere in and around the auroras


SORTIE will communicate in UHF government bands for both uplink and downlink


Almost all the polar cyclones, at both poles, are so densely packed that their spiral arms come in contact with adjacent cyclones


The task of implementing the CO2M mission as prime contractor


The capability to monitor >100,000 stars simultaneously


Kepler will be looking along the Orion spiral arm of our galaxy


India's space program is a critical backbone of India's security, economic and social infrastructure


AeroCube-4.5 Aerospace Corp. El Segundo, CA 1U, Qty 2 1


Another version of MOS is flown on the ISRO mission IRS-P3


The primary product will be an information service provided by Terrabotics


The average number of passes per day is 1.7


Observed signatures of powerful electric potentials, aligned with Jupiter's magnetic field, that accelerate electrons toward the Jovian atmosphere at energies up to 400,000 electron volts


Proceedings of DASIA 2005 (Data Systems in Aerospace), Edinburgh, Scotland, May 30 - June 2, 2005


On 22 September 2017, one of these high-energy neutrinos arrived at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole


The mirror has an enhanced silver coating


India has been developing since at least 2014


An APS (Active Pixel Array) is used with 512 rows and 250 columns


Indicating a 50 percent chance that it had an astrophysical origin beyond the Solar System


When not transmitting, the transceiver enters a Morse Code Beacon mode


Electric Power and Isp 35.9 W (Resistojet mode incl. 20 W for heating


An important role in controlling the dynamic of the topside ionosphere is played by the Sun – that generates (regular and irregular) variations of the lithosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere parameters by impulsive events as solar Coronal Mass Ejections and Solar Flares – as well as by tropospheric activity (lightning, TLE, etc.)


The VSSC data will be acquired over existing or planned experimental sites with sizes ranging from 27 km x 27 km to 27 km x 54 km or more


The STEREO Heliospheric Imager (HI): How to detect CMEs in the Heliosphere


SAC was designed and developed at COI (Composite Optics, Inc.) of San Diego, CA


Tianwen-1 became the first Chinese mission to enter orbit around Mars when it arrived in February


Radiation data collected from the summit of Maunakea in Hawaii in 2017


The optical structure to be larger to accommodate the additional (and larger) components


Map of ICON's path(s) near the maximum eclipse


The overall goal of the mission is to study the complex challenges in discovering the wave-like plasma perturbations in the ionosphere


All PCBs of the segment are connected via two backplanes


An evolution of a previous ASI project called MITAR ((MIcroTelescope with a High Resolution)


Spectral range of instrument 400 - 1000 nm


Indian Prime Minister, on March 27, early afternoon, claiming, in a nationally televised address, successful testing of an ASAT missile


ESA's Science Program Committee has extended operations of the highly successful astronomical observatories INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton for four years, until 16 December 2010 and 31 March 2010, respectively


Image size, FOV (Field of View) 10 km x 10 km, 1.15º


MAGIC will measure fluctuations in Earth’s gravitational field


We need detailed computer models of the atmosphere and biosphere, similar to those used in weather forecasting


Two ground facility locations will be used to process and analyze the data


This vital moment, the ‘acquisition of signal'


These volcanoes collectively release one ton of material (gases and particles) per second into space near Jupiter


FUV (Far Ultraviolet) instrument is looking at the height and density of the daytime upper atmosphere


The ICON mission was launched on 11 October 2019


Bridenstine revealed that the test had produced around 400 pieces of medium to large pieces of debris


Telemetry for the stored data will be transmitted to the ground using a Ka-band (32 GHz) high-gain antenna (HGA)


The roll angle changed by 6º (from +3 to -3) since November 2007


The IVM sensors and sensor electronics are constructed as a single package and are mounted to view approximately along the spacecraft velocity vector through a common aperture plane that is isolated from the spacecraft ground


INTEGRAL orbits Earth in HEO (Highly Elliptical Orbit) once every three days


The satellite has successfully passed what is known as the ‘in-orbit verification phase'


Pulse-width limited LRM data are obtained from single pulse/burst


The SPEQS payload has its dedicated controller to operate the desired experiment and can save the experiment data into its own memory before transferring it to the OBC


On Dec. 18, 2008, PARASOL was 4 years in orbit


This is where a special kind of hailstone that we call 'mushballs' are forming


Argentina is home to a Chinese-owned deep space tracking antenna


The scientists found the typical increase of extreme ultraviolet radiation


The primary mission was the classified Geodetic Mission (GM) with a mission duration of 18 months


January 10, 2019: ESA's high-energy space telescopes XMM-Newton


The needed manoeuvres are being conducted nearly every month


Engineers have built instruments into the satellites to measure water vapor and account for its effects


The relative real-time navigation algorithm is fed with information from the bearing measurements and the calibrated flight maneuver data


The ionosphere is like a sloshing sea of electrically charged particles, created by the Sun and intermixed with the neutral upper atmosphere


FireBIRD's precise systems allow us to detect incipient changes to fires with accuracy


Wolf 503b, a nearby super-Earth-size planet


Developed by DFH Satellite Co., Ltd. under the CASC


Low data rates had meant that the first images from Zhurong were not released until May 19


DFH-1 launched on a Long March 1 rocket from Jiuquan April 24, 1970


Satellite on orbit position knowledge < 10 m (optional <1 m filtered)


ESA is responsible for the development of the first Jason-CS satellite


CSES is a 3-axes stabilized satellite, based on the Chinese CAST2000 platform


The system acquires measurements of an object in about 6 minutes


A significantly improved version of the GEOSAT data was released in June 1997


CryoCube (Sierra Lobo Incorporated/NASA Kennedy) and AzTechSat-1 (Collaborative program between NASA Ames and Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla [UPAEP] in Mexico) – 12:55:01 GMT


These jets are colossal columns that funnel radiation, photons and particles – including neutrinos and cosmic rays – tens of light years away from the central black hole at speeds very close to the speed of light


Since November 16, 2011, PARASOL was placed in an orbit 9.5 km under the A-train


Over 20,000 fragments have been collected through extraction


The grating is adhesively mounted to a titanium block that interfaces to the structure via a compliant three-point mount


The swath width for the high-resolution channel (HR5) could be either 36 km or 50 km, depending on the recording mode, and 50 km or 105 km for the other channels


Ground stations Redu (Belgium) and Goldstone (California)


Transmitter Type: TWT (Traveling Wave Tube)


The basic requirements call for Land use mapping


This electric propulsion system will bring the satellite down to 410 km


An Imaging System for Satellite Hypervelocity Impact Debris Characterization


These design drivers can be summarized as follows: Stringent center of mass knowledge and stability requirements until the end of the mission, Accommodation of major payload elements with nadir pointing antennas and radiators, Payload pointing and co-alignment accuracy, End-of-life reentry and post-mission disposal, Power / thermal / mechanical design adapted to the drifting orbit conditions, Modular approach for assembly and testing, Use of off-the-shelf equipments for the platform as far as possible for risk mitigation, Harsh space radiation environment


The principal investigator, Scott J. Bolton, of the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio


Information compiled and edited in this article was provided by Herbert J. Kramer


The data signal is mixed with a 10 kHz rectangular signal


"SpaceX's NightLight Launches SAOCOM 1A Satellite and a Successful Return of Falcon 9," Satnews Daily, 8 October 2018


The SAOCOM 1A already has its solar panels working


The hosting agreement will also define the hosting fees


A comprehensive catalog containing the rotation periods of thousands of stars has been available only for the last few years


ESA is ready to hand over control to EUMETSAT


The images show both of Jupiter's poles are covered in Earth-sized swirling storms that are densely clustered and rubbing together


Load case 1: ±9 g longitudinal, ±1.5 g lateral


The PS4 payloads are: 1) AIS ( Automatic Identification System) from ISRO, 2) APRS (Automatic Packet Repeating System) from AMSAT, India and 3) ARPA (Advanced Retarding Potential Analyzer) for ionospheric studies from Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology


The two STEREO spacecraft and their payloads are operating nominally in February 2013


A 1.4 m diameter 85% light weighted ultra-low expansion-glass primary mirror


The latter was based on an optical fiber feed to the cooled diodes


The International Space Station, which is in low-Earth orbit, also passes through the SAA


Dimorphos is currently almost 500 million km away


The optical-bench setup of OGS-OP will focus on an installation of measurement devices for characterizing the atmospheric downlink channel


The launch of the Priroda module took place on April 23, 1996


LICIACube will deploy roughly five days prior to the DART impact


Figure 18 shows the link budget versus elevation for the EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier)


The magnetar happened to be in the 30 degree by 30 degree field of view of the IBIS instrument


The SCS shown in purple, which has fully redundant Control Mechanism Interface Electronics (CMIE) units


PICASSO is a nanosatellite demonstration mission of BIRA initiated in 2010


A hexagon with a diameter of 50 cm and a height of 53 cm


Comet Encke: A Solar Windsock Observed by NASA’s STEREO


Longitude of ascending node (pass 1) 99.924305º


NASA will crash its DART spacecraft into the smaller asteroid - known as Didymoon


PICASSO will be one of 42 tiny satellites launched simultaneously aboard an Arianespace Vega rocket on the 24th of March 2020


The HPM is an optically-pumped absolute scalar magnetometer


They need to respond quickly to take a look at what’s happened


The combination of several remote sensing instruments (EUV imager, coronagraphs, heliospheric imager)


The findings also indicate these storms are far taller than expected, with some extending 60 miles (100 km) below the cloud tops and others, including the Great Red Spot, extending over 200 miles (350 km)


With diameters ranging from 4,000 to 4,600 km across


The maximum acceptable magnitudes of the relative eccentricity and inclination vectors are determined so that the motion of BEESAT-4 fits the FOV (Field of View) of the camera


EUMETSAT took over flight operations at its mission control center in Darmstadt on 24 November


The prime objective of the VENµS science mission is to provide digital imagery to be able to study the monitoring, analysis, and modelling of land surface parameter behaviour


Scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD, clocked this giant cloud, known as a CME (Coronal Mass Ejection), as traveling between 2900 and 3500 km/s as it left the sun


OPS-SAT is a 3U CubeSat having a size of 10 x 10 x 30 cm


Dynamic range 9th to 15th magnitude stars


The SAOCOM-1B spacecraft of CONAE was launched on 30 August 2020 (23:19 UTC)


At Jupiter, the brightest auroras are caused by some kind of turbulent acceleration process


An onboard storage capacity of 80 Gbit is provided


Energetic electrons in Earth's inner radiation belt—primarily near its inner edge—are created by cosmic rays born from explosions of supernovas


SpaceX Transporter-7 launches 51 payloads


Direct it to point its large antenna back to Earth


Proceedings of the 57th IAC/IAF/IAA (International Astronautical Congress), Valencia, Spain, Oct. 2-6, 2006


QKD is a family of techniques used to generate private random encryption keys and share them between only two parties


Pressure is then reduced by the pressure regulator assembly to 1.9 bar absolute


The capacity of CSSWE's batteries have degraded extensively; as a result CSSWE cannot be powered by them


The ISTOK-1 apparatus consists of the following modules: Opto-Mechanical Block (OMB), Electronic Block of the IR-Spectrometer system (EBS), The data processing block (digital processing of video data), The computer block (built in Rumania)


Perform space experiments during a short mission life (generally up to 2 weeks)


The intense bombardment of charged particles


The next opportunity for the burn would be during its close flyby of Jupiter on Dec. 11


The red soil and rocks on the Martian surface are clearly visible


The ADCS motherboard benefits from the heritage of the ADCS board that has successfully flown on UKube-1


The extensive GEOSAT data validation program demonstrated the ability of the radar altimeter to measure the dynamic topography of the Western Boundary currents and their associated rings and eddies


Rotating the satellite with a pitch maneuver (nose up)


Mission operators managed to contact STEREO-B once again, and have been in touch intermittently since then


With instrument management by the University of Minnesota


China Says Its Mars Landing Technology Is Ready for 2020


The TDI options are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 rows


By late afternoon, the commands were sent and immediately showed success, but another three long hours passed before the satellite was fully under control and out of immediate danger


The SNO method allows us to compare absolute calibration coefficients between VENµS and Sentinel-2


Bill Steigerwald, "NASA's Juno Tunes into Jovian Radio Triggered by Jupiter's Volcanic Moon Io," NASA Feature, 15 July 2021


To demonstrate repeatability and robustness of a low-cost platform for advancing MEMS in space systems applications


A year on Kepler-1649c is equivalent to only 19.5 Earth days


Poseidon-4 will also feature a new architecture, improving the role of the digital functions to support higher stability of the performances


Energy flow from the dayside to the nightside being damped at EIA crest latitudes


The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, in Laurel, Maryland, designed, built and operates the twin observatories


Provides insight into the dynamics and three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere


A calorimeter constituted by a tower of plastic scintillator counters and a LYSO (Lutetium Yttrium Orthosilicate) plane


In addition to the low Earth orbit in which the experiment is taking place


For active temperature control, heaters are implemented in dedicated areas


Mauk and colleagues present their findings in the Sept. 7 issue of the journal Nature


From the orbital size and the temperature of the star, the planet's characteristic temperature can be calculated


Sensitivity of ion density fluctuation (ΔNi/Ni)


OHB can move forward developing the mission


Once these images are acquired, a 3D representation of the object can be generated and measured in about 2 minutes


The planet's orbital size can be calculated from the period (how long it takes the planet to orbit once around the star) and the mass of the star using Kepler's Third Law of planetary motion


More than 3000 stars of various sizes appear in this image


Teams of experts at its ESOC operations center in Darmstadt, Germany


Cosmic GRBs (Gamma-Ray Bursts) are flashes of gamma rays that can last from less than a second to a few minutes


The requirement that the spacecraft take, process, and transmit at least one image in the last 17 seconds before impact


Dumping of accumulated angular momentum due to solar-pressure torques is accomplished with a monopropellant hydrazine blowdown propulsion system


The quick turn-around time of the INTEGRAL operation teams has enabled rare high-energy observations of a magnetar


The MEU represents a high-performance system with a microprocessor, memory device and lots of GPIO (General Purpose Input Output)


The LLITED A and B Cubesats were launched from Space Launch Complex 4E at the Vandenberg Space Force Base


Nodal period, orbits per day, repeat cycle 6745.72 s


The mirror has several fixed positions selectable by the instrument processor


NASA's Juno mission, launched nearly five years ago


MOMS-2P is a modular instrument with a total of five optical systems


The SC structure includes the microcontroller, the real time clock, the linear regulator, RS-232 transceivers, and controlled power supply switches for the external systems. Furthermore, the microcontroller contains a built-in module for analog information acquisition


The dual MCP electron gain can be set to a moderate level of ~5000


Zhurong is equipped with six science payloads, including a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument for analyzing surface elements and minerals, panoramic and multispectral imagers, a climate station, magnetometer and a ground-penetrating radar


The objective of the Gravity Science experiment is to enable Juno to measure Jupiter's gravitational field and reveal the planet's internal structure


Proceedings of the SpaceOps 2010 Conference, Huntsville, ALA, USA, April 25-30, 2010, paper: AIAA 2010-2275


ICON FUV will measure the altitude distribution of the OI 135.6 nm and N2 155 nm LBH dayglow emissions


The Asian powerhouse has laid the groundwork to assemble a space station by 2022


A range of specialized instruments is key to studying and understanding them


Satellites launched to the International Space Station on both Northrop Grumman’s NG-12 flight (launch on 2 November 2019) and the SpaceX CRS-19 (launch 5 December 2019) mission


Kounotori 4 encapsulated, JAXA, July 19, 2013


ICON post-launch status," UCB/SSL, 24 October 2019


Miniature magnetometers with MEMS-based mag in one channel


The period reduction maneuver was the final scheduled burn of Juno's main engine


The goal is to enable a SGSD better than 100 m/pixel


Key procedures for on-board fire detection and analysis are pre-processing and extraction of fire attributes


The cards within the IEM communicate over a PCI (Parallel Communication Interface)


Images from Juno as well as previous missions to Jupiter revealed dark features within the Great Red Spot that appear, disappear and change shape over time


Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2009, URL: http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td2802/index.htm


The density of the primary to be estimated as 2.1 g/cm3 with ~30% uncertainty


ASAT weapons can in no way PROTECT Indian satellites deployed in outer space


Exactly how heat flows from the interior


Sentinel-6 therefore carries a package of positioning instruments, including a system that can make use of both GPS and Galileo signals


One of them was acquired from Sinclair Interplanetary


Destroying an Indian military Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite at an altitude of almost 300 km


The receivers are also designed for use all the way up to geostationary orbit


The microsatellite PARASOL joined the A-train constellation in early February 2005


NASA HQ recognized that the transit technique was proven and that the technology existed that could find Earth-size planets


The S/C was built by OSC (Orbital Sciences Corporation) of McLean, VA (formerly CTA Space Systems)


This is an artist's impression of a spinning neutron star (pulsar) approximately 20 km in diameter


The quality of the imagery received is considered as excellent


BIROS (Bispectral Infrared Optical System)


The proposed mission will provide key user measurement services for sea-level-rise monitoring, operational oceanography, and marine meteorology


Lockheed Martin Space Systems in Denver built the spacecraft


Predicted by Kessler and Cour-Palais in 1978


On its way inbound for a Dec. 26, 2019, flyby of Jupiter


Recovery of spacecraft bus engineering (state-of-health) telemetry and the performance analysis based on this telemetry are also performed at the MOC


In North America, cooler and stormier conditions often set in across the Pacific Northwest, while weather typically becomes warmer and drier across the southern United States and northern Mexico


The ground segment for PICASSO is divided into two functional areas: the Mission Operations Control and the Scientific Control Center


490 nm 20 nm 492.2 nm (addition of polarization)


The mission is now poised to enter its second decade of operations


Juno Principal Investigator Scott Bolton


The purpose of the spacecraft is to provide power, pointing and telemetry for the photometer


TT&C downlink data rates: 4 kbit/s, 16 kbit/s


We are continuing to analyze the XMM-Newton data


We have to correct for the ones we missed


The planet has a year that is 142 ½ days long


The Iridium PRIME SV will have sufficient capacity to support a single large payload or multiple small to medium-sized payloads


Tracks red and green airglow 100 km above the Earth's surface to measure how the neutral atmosphere moves


The collection of images presented include the first images from NASA's ICON


Is expected to be in operation for about 90 Martian days


Dan Huber, co-author and astronomer at the University of Hawai'i


Near sunset, the low-latitude ionosphere is dominated by a "plasma fountain", which results in a dramatic upwelling of ionized gas


The entry capsule’s heating shield, which is shaped like a spherical cone whose tip forms a 70-degree angle


They will gather lower-resolution data than usual


Zhangheng-1 is designed to remain in orbit for five years


Detector pixel size, detector readout noise 24 μm x 24 μm


Proceedings of the 68th IAC (International Astronautical Congress), Adelaide, Australia, 25-29 Sept. 2017


NASA/JPL DSMS (Deep Space Mission System ) antennas located around the world


Microjet, developed by AIG (Aerospace Innovation GmbH) of Berlin, is a modularly designed propulsion system


For the first time, the study shows a correlation between helium-3 and iron-rich particle flows and helical eruptions of ultraviolet radiation in the Sun's atmosphere


JIRAM was designed to capture the infrared light emerging from deep inside Jupiter


A sun sensor covering the full steering mirror range will command the safing of the high voltages to prevent instrument damage due to accidental direct sun exposure


DebriSat: data from Destruction," Air Force Materiel Command, May 13, 2014


Sun-like stars swell into red giants before puffing away their outer shells into colorful nebula while their cores collapse into a white dwarf


The large mass of the spectrometer and the minimum focal length of the imager presented serious center-of-gravity and fairing envelope problems


The optoelectronic components (LEDs, photodiodes and optical filters) used are of COTS (Commercial-of-the-Shelf) grade parts


Landing on the steppes near the Russian-Kazakh border


NASA's Juno Reveals Dark Origins of One of Jupiter's Grand Light Shows


The additional maneuvers for Behind ended up targeting its drift rate to -22.000º/year


The STEREO Missions Operations team plans further recovery processes to assess observatory health, re-establish attitude control, and evaluate all subsystems and instruments


The User Segment is responsible for the creation and distribution of added-value products (Level 2+)


The corona, which sizzles at several million degrees Celsius


A SPEQS-CS device was integrated in the GomX-2 satellite for ISS launch in 2014


The receiver will meet its thermal requirements


Gravity measurements collected by Juno during its close flybys of the planet


By looking from ground-based telescopes at wavelengths sensitive to thermal radiation leaking from the depths of Jupiter's persistent storm, the Great Red Spot


The EPS provides a single raw bus of 28 to 33 V


The dark area surrounding the landing platform might be caused by the influence of the engine plume during landing


A plug-and-play function to interface easily multiple devices


The link margin is about 20 dB for uplink and downlink above a 5º elevation angle


Measurement range 0.1 - 40 W/cm 2 / nm/sr


Typically from a few days to a few months


The projectile selected for DebriSat impact is an aluminum sphere with a minimum diameter of 5 cm


The ground processing center provides 3 product levels


ICARE Data Processing and Management Center hosted at USTL (Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille), Lille, France


A calibration sphere of known diameter will be imaged to ensure the measurement results are within the required accuracy


The prime mission will be completed in July 2021


Juan Yin, Yuan Cao, Yu-Huai Li, Ji-Gang Ren, Sheng-Kai Liao, Liang Zhang, Wen-Qi Cai, Wei-Yue Liu, Bo Li, Hui Dai, Ming Li, Yong-Mei Huang, Lei Deng, Li Li, Qiang Zhang, Nai-Le Liu, Yu-Ao Chen, Chao-Yang Lu, Rong Shu, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Jian-Yu Wang, and Jian-Wei Pan,


DIDO-3, a commercial 3U CubeSat mission of SpacePharma. The objective is to gather data by researching the effects of a microgravity environment on biological materials


The solar panels are a completely new design


Its Level-1 products will be Low-Low satellite to satellite tracking (LL-SST) ranging for each pair, non-gravitational accelerations for each satellite, kinematic positions and velocities, attitude information, as well as other ancillary data such as temperature, satellite geometry model, surface characteristics, thrust, control and alignment information


58th IAC (International Astronautical Congress), International Space Expo, Hyderabad, India, Sept


Planet Labs of San Francisco is launching 20 Flock-4a (Dove) 3U CubeSats


Make sure that it is sufficiently rigid and will survive the vibrations of launch


Start production on the mission’s second satellite


26Al), an isotope produced in the supernova explosions


This mode consists of a square pattern (Figure 4) centered on the nominal target location


We haven’t seen this object before in the past 15 years of our observations with Integral


They found these X-rays to be emanating from a region stretching around the hole some 400 billion km or more


All the front end electronics and the video processors are accommodated on the electro optical module (EOM) itself


Equator crossing time LTDN (Local Time on Descending Node) at 9:30 or 10:30 hours


This composite visible-light image taken by the JunoCam imager aboard NASA's Juno spacecraft on Nov.


The MANTIS mission is composed of the Space, Ground, User and Launch segments


INTEGRAL is performing the GPS (Galactic Plane Scans) as planned


C/NOFS (Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System) satellite (launch on April 16, 2008)


They are not the source of the most intense auroras


ITU International Satellite Symposium, 21-26 September 2019Bariloche, Argentina


The stellar winds blown by a massive star


Kepler-1649c not only is one of the best matches to Earth in terms of size


The SPI spectrometer aboard the INTEGRAL satellite


First the wing + X and then the wing -X as they are called


The heat pipes will be selected with a diameter of 4–8 mm


It features an operative autonomy of up to 72 hours


The three Sun-pointing instruments on SCIP require very tight pointing of their boresights toward the center of the Sun


The goal is to demonstrate autonomous rendezvous to (and departure from) a non-cooperative client using vision-based navigation


Each of these mounts has two-degree of freedom


Payload envelope (length x width x height) 460 x 460 x 428) mm


In September 2022 the spacecraft will collide with Dimorphos


In October 2014, CSSWE is continuing to extend the mission well beyond four times the expected lifetime


The ICON EUV instrument measures the limb profiles of 61.7 nm and 83.4 nm airglow


Jets of gamma rays moving at close to the speed of light


The rover, named after an ancient fire god


Observation of the Earth and Its Environment: Survey of Missions and Sensors” (Springer Verlag)


Airglow typically appears in thin layers of red, green, purple, or yellow light


His videos, which cover the span of two weeks


Transition to the higher-resolution products


Due to the relatively low altitude of the intercept, most of the material is expected to naturally reenter Earth's atmosphere within days or weeks


The air-drop launch of Pegasus XL from underneath the L-1011 Stargazer aircraft occurred at an altitude of ~12 km


INTEGRAL’s view of X-ray nova IGR J17497-2821


The decision was made in order to further study the performance of a set of valves that are part of the spacecraft's fuel pressurization system


The DART spacecraft will be launched on an Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) into a low-energy escape


World Data Center for Marine Geology & Geophysics, Boulder


ACRS (Asian Conference on Remote Sensing), Hong Kong, China, Nov. 22-25, 1999


The entire Microjet 2000 system measures ca. 55 cm x 49 cm x 18 cm


A three-fold increase over the 85,000 fragments predicted by the current break-up model


Proceedings of the 5th IAA Symposium on Small Satellites for Earth Observation, April 4-8, 2005


Ground-based observations of at least 13,000 stars simultaneously should be sufficient to detect Jovian-size planets


It is expected to survey the Martian soil and ice, and to collect data about the structure beneath the planet's surface at depths of between 10 and 100 meters


Is currently 44 million km from the Earth


Radar altimeters aboard the ERS-1 and the GEOSAT spacecraft have surveyed the marine gravity field over nearly all of the world's oceans


Continued, persistent issue with the launcher's actuator position in 2018


CSES Mission," INFN, URL: http://cses.roma2.infn.it/node/18


The CubeSat was developed and built by staff and students at the Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin)


The NEXT-C system completed acceptance and integration testing at NASA Glenn in February


On several occasions in late 2008, STEREO-B spotted a coronal hole spewing solar wind


Chemically, the closest relative to the Sun


Providing real-time base maps in multiple wavelengths for reference for Juno's measurements


Instrument type Internally occulted Lyot coronagraph


The origin of this radiation further away from the pulsar


During each of the spacecraft's 37 passes of the planet to date


On Sept. 9, 2016, the BIROS (Bi-Spectral Infrared Optical System) fire detection satellite released BEESAT-4


In an angular velocity range of ± 7500 RPM


In another mode, the instrument measures only in the electron saturation region


The photometer optics are a modification of the classic Schmidt telescope design


The high-resolution products will be available later this year


Jason-3 will continue to collect sea level data


Proceedings of the 32nd Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, Logan UT, USA, Aug. 4-9, 2018


Detecting radio signals known as "sferics" and "whistlers"


The 12 reaction control system thrusters are mounted on four rocket engine modules


A GPS receiver is being used for onboard time tagging and for orbit determination


Acta Astronautica, Volume 151, October 2018


James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), due for launch later this year


ESAIL is a maritime microsatellite with a mass of 112 kg


Additional ESA ground stations will support the mission


DeForest and colleagues collected data for three days with STEREO in 2014


With launch of the first CO2M satellite scheduled for 2025


This flight marked the first mission of PSLV-QL, a new variant of PSLV with four strap-on motors


The HI-2 camera consists of a wide-angle fisheye lens and a CCD detector array


Each satellite will carry up to three ultra-fine accelerometers


There are other exoplanets estimated to be closer to Earth in size


Every 53 days, we go screaming by Jupiter


The Paris Agreement agreed by 195 nations at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in December 2015 included the aim of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change by “holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.”


APL – will now begin integration of the rest of the subsystems and final test of the spacecraft ahead of next year’s launch for the mission


What’s different in V404 Cygni is that we think the disc of material and the black hole are misaligned


The spacecraft travels on a highly eccentric 64-hour orbit


Once the fragments are characterized, each fragment goes through a verification process where technicians confirm the data archived in the DCS database


Their results indicate that it may deform its target far more severely than previously thought


None of which are slated to impact our planet


Based on the design principles from other missions designed for drifting orbits, like CryoSat-2


Sun-synchronous near-circular orbit (frozen dawn/dusk orbit)


The full SAR access range covers ten swaths in quad-pol (QP) mode and nine swaths in dual-pol mode


SpeQtral will monitor the long-term performance of the quantum payload for radiation damage and other degradation effects in the space environment


The Tianwen-1 orbiter is currently in an 8.2-hour orbit


The most recent data-gathering flyby of Jupiter by NASA's Juno spacecraft


A high-performance secondary computer is incorporated on board, dedicated to processing the payload data prior to transmission


The antenna design optimizes the radio burst tracking in the 16MHz - 30kHz range


Mission development started in 2002 by placing orders for the detectors


The DART mission will impact the secondary member of the Didymos binary system during its close approach to Earth in October, 2022


The objective of MWR is to probe beneath Jupiter's cloud tops to provide data on the structure, movement and chemical composition to a depth as great as 1,000 atmospheres — about 550 km below the visible cloud tops


In October 2014, the X-ray space telescope "NuSTAR" detected unexpected periodic pulsed emissions in a ULX named M82 X-2


Juno previously discovered polygonal arrangements of giant cyclonic storms at both of Jupiter's poles – eight arranged in an octagonal pattern in the north and five arranged in a pentagonal pattern in the south


It is the responsibility of all space-faring nations to preserve and promote the benefits flowing from advances made in space technology


Built by Airbus with the support of ESA's Microelectronics section


LTDN (Local Time of Descending Node) at 6:00 hours


Low-density polyurethane foam panels , each < 5 cm thick


Instrument mass 120 kg (including electronics)


It is delivered to the launch site this October


SathyabamaSat, a 2U CubeSat of Sathyabama University (1.5 kg)


Tony Phillips, “First ever STEREO images of the entire sun,” NASA, Feb. 6, 2011


The AOCS features multiple functional and hardware redundancies; it consists of two star sensors


They provide a unified ocean topography record and the equivalent coverage of a half-million tide gauges


Will work about three months on the planet


The ESA Council at Ministerial level decided on an additional €2.7 billion to ESA’s Earth observation programme, and approved the commencement of the next ESA Earth Explorer, Harmony, and the MAGIC mission


They are so compact that a teaspoon of neutron star stuff would weigh about one hundred million tons


To provide a comprehensive dataset of the ETWA


A SC (Spacecraft Controller) consisting of a single chip microcontroller (C8051F022) of the Silicon Laboratories Company


"Indian military satellite, 20 more Planet imaging CubeSats launched by PSLV"


The performance of the payload is related to the environmental temperature


Extensions for operations in the period 2017-2018 were approved by the SPC in November 2016


Space Launch Complex 4E at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California


Between 90-105 km and 200-300 km (night)


The ADCS needs to operate at about 10 Hz to keep jitter low


As of mid-2008, the extensive post-flight analysis verified so far that the YES2 deployer system functioned nominally


Kepler-452b, the first near-Earth-size world to be found in the habitable zone of a star similar to our Sun


Both PICOSATs are of the same hardware design as the PICOSAT1.0 assembly


The turntable rotates incrementally through one full rotation during imaging


On 18 June 2013 communications were reestablished


The HF sounder data also reveals that multiple waves can be present at the same time


High specific impulse for ADC requirements (of the order of 2500s)


A Li-ion battery is used with a capacity of 10.5 Ah


The center of the galaxy shines brightly in gamma rays with a specific energy of 511 keV


An audio track collected during Jupiter mission's Ganymede flyby offers a dramatic ride-along


Measure electrons in the energy range 20-400 keV


Three-line linear stereo imagery of high spatial resolution and pointing accuracy Along-track stereo capability in panchromatic or in defined multispectral (MS) modes Detection of surface materials by optimized position bands and detection of small-scale textures of the Earth's surface


This is the first time that researchers have shown a similar gap in planets around red dwarfs


This La Niña is the first to be observed by Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich


As the largest planet orbiting the Sun, Jupiter has had a profound influence on the solar system


In January 2022, as the spacecraft passed over South America, it observed one such earthly disturbance in the ionosphere triggered by the South Pacific volcano


INTEGRAL gamma-ray observatory has been observing Earth during a period spanning from 24 January to 9 February 2006


Its brightness and high dust production made it much easier to resolve the evolution of fine structures in its dust tail


The HySI is operated over Indian ground stations for evaluation purposes


The redundancy in the SDDA means that no single mechanism failure within the assembly will prevent the output from rotating


Adjacent FOVs are offset for a total FOV of about 80º x 80º


By mapping lightning flashes detected by Juno onto optical images captured of the planet by Hubble and thermal infrared images captured at the same time by Gemini


In the future, we could even see if the planet has one or more moons, like our Jupiter


Communications with STEREO-B were re-established on Aug. 21, 2016


Juno's Magnetometer instrument is a flux gate type magnetometer


“One of the reasons that this scenario of a loose internal structure has so far not been thoroughly studied is that the necessary methods were not available”


The Flux Gate Magnetometer was designed and built by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Md.


Footage of the entry, descent and landing shows deployment of a supersonic disk-gap-band parachute


The Copernicus CO2M (Carbon Dioxide Monitoring) mission


All the Service Module subsystems continue to operate nominally


Kepler—in its final days before running out of fuel and being retired


The astronomers traced the path of the supernova debris by tracking its velocity relative to us through the Galaxy


Ahead’s closest approach to Earth in 2023 will be 8.2 million km on 20 August


The solar array is expected to generate up to 1,100 W of electrical power


Intended to collide with the smaller of two bodies of the Didymos binary asteroid system in October 2022


A Sun-Earth-like transit produces an apparent change in brightness of the star of 84 ppm


In early December 2014, ESA selected Airbus Defence and Space as the prime contractor to develop and construct the first Jason-CS/Sentinel-6 satellite


YES2 smashed the world record for the longest man-made object flown in space


A GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying) modulation chip has been selected to be the heart of the communications board, the SX1231


The robustness of the TET AOCS is secured by redundancy of its hardware components and a "configuration management system" to handle the redundancy by software


The latest data processing and machine learning techniques on top of other data sets, such as Copernicus


Our star has been unusually feeble over the past 9000 years


The cameras, which are equidistant from the center of the turntable


The image was generated from data collected by NASA's Juno spacecraft on Nov. 4, 2019


About 2.8 to 3 million miles, or 4.4 to 4.8 million kilometers


The first attempt at landing on Mars dates back to 1962


Newer versions were installed this past June for full-time use on the ISS


The signals measured are noise power expressed as a noise temperature in units of Kelvin


The separation phase has to establish a relative orbit with the x-component of the relative inclination vector the closest possible to zero


TT&C data rates of 20 kbit/s in downlink


But at deeper levels, below the water clouds, the opposite is true – which reveals a similarity to our oceans


Jitter of the attitude control system ~ 12 arcsec/s


Data can be accessed through University of California Berkeley's Space Sciences Lab


The imaging system is currently capable of acquiring a total of 126 images


The sensor is mounted to view approximately along the satellite velocity


Some temperature sensors will be added in order to acquire real data


The information compiled and edited in this article was provided by Herbert J. Kramer from his documentation of: "Observation of the Earth and Its Environment: Survey of Missions and Sensors"


The first function is a planar RPA (Retarding Potential Analyzer), which determines the energy distribution of the thermal plasma along the sensor look direction


Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich monitors the height of Earth's oceans


A 100,000 second observation planned and executed


Lightning — a phenomenon typically fueled by moisture — detected on Jupiter by Voyager and other spacecraft implied the presence of water


A warming ocean expands and increased melting of ice on land both lead to an increase in sea level


The system consists of N point-and-shoot cameras attached to a rigid support structure that defines the elevation angle for each camera. The debris fragment is placed on a turntable that is incrementally rotated to desired azimuth angles


On 30 November, flight operators switched on Sentinel-6's Poseidon-4 altimeter instrument


The objective is to gather data by researching the effects of a microgravity environment on biological materials


ESA’s Hera mission will head towards the Didymos binary system in November 2024


The TET-X bus contains a new power subsystem


The NEDT was measured for both 90 and 160 GHz


The approximate location of each fragments on or in the panel is recorded


Radio emissions collected during Juno's June 7, 2021, flyby of Jupiter's moon Ganymede


Brightness Temperature Sensitivity 0.2 K


Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing


Many of which could be promising places for life


To develop soil moisture map products for giving support to agricultural, hydrological and health applications, and emergencies in general


LICIACube, a hand-sized CubeSat from the Italian Space Agency


Further analysis will provide associated changes in thermospheric winds and temperatures


MAGIC will provide data continuity for the mass transport time series from these missions


The outer corona appeared smooth and uniform


Recently 24 new planet discoveries were made using data from the 10th observation campaign


The first contact of SAOCOM-1A on a portable earth station in Tahiti


The SCIP camera electronics are composed of three circuit cards


Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard, University of Aarhus, Denmark


Cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere collide with neutral atoms, creating a "splash," which produces charged particles


The first images from HY-1B were received at the data collection center in Beijing on April 20, 2007


The digital architecture of Poseidon-4 and the inclusion of simultaneous high-resolution synthetic aperture radar processing and conventional low-resolution mode into altimetry


NEXT-C is a next-generation solar electric propulsion system designed and built by Aerojet Rocketdyne


This particular trailing formation is required for 12 months before Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich will take over from Jason-3 as the operational reference mission


The beacon system is designed to be able to withstand several off-nominal cases


Only the spacecraft STEREO-A and -B, which have been orbiting our star from opposite sides since 2006, began to observe the Sun’s far side in 2011


The mounting structure consists of three stainless-steel (SS301) blade-like mounts


The combination of observations can be used to map the cloud structure in three dimensions


The optical axes need to be calibrated to a maximum misalignment of 0.001º


The third panel shows that the peak in the upward drift perpendicular to the magnetic field is displaced to the west of the plasma density peak


First ICON Science Data Released to Public," NASA ICON Mission, 22 June 2020, URL: https://blogs.nasa.gov/icon/2020/06/22/first-icon-science-data-released-to-public/


The selected orbit will be sun-synchronous


Provision of 2-star trackers, a GPS receiver and reaction wheels


X-band receiving station (Kiruna, Sweden)


Orbit of all secondary payloads: Elliptical orbit


Which is managed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama


Repeated temperature cycling from -10 to 40ºC


The post hypervelocity-impact test activities, which include fragment collection, extraction, and characterization


Data from VENµS will serve to develop models for optimizing consumption and saving water


DMC (Data Management Center) at the STScI (Space Telescope Science Institute) in Baltimore, Maryland


Additionally, we have developed and implemented repeatability and reproducibility tests to ensure that the instrumentation used in the characterization process is accurate and properly calibrated


These dips can be traced back to starspots that darken the stellar surface, rotate out of the telescope's field of view and then reappear after a fixed period of time


5 February 2020, URL: https://www.aac-clyde.space/latest/46-aac-clyde-space-delivers-picasso-the-golden-cubesat


Dawn storms are dumping at least 10 times more energy into Jupiter's upper atmosphere than typical aurora


The attitude and orbit control system operates with three hardware groups: nominal operation, failure detection and failure recovery


HummerSat-1 with a launch mass of about 160 kg


All planets with magnetic fields have both open and closed field components


STEREO-Behind will be in superior conjunction from Jan. 22 to March 23, 2015


The lander will separate from the main body of the spacecraft at an altitude of 70 meters


Wheels that store energy as they spin, and can be used to subtly control the direction a spacecraft points in without the need of thrusters


Early versions of the software that was used to prepare the data for planet-finding analysis simply ignored the first few days of observations


Proceedings of the SpaceOps 2010 Conference, Huntsville, ALA, USA, April 25-30, 2010


Incident FUV photons strike the CsI photocathode of the sealed Photek image tube


The top panel clearly identifies plasma density enhancements


The development of CO2M is running at full speed


The landing system employs parachutes and a retro-rocket


Cristina Thomas, ”Observing Didymos in 2019, Using Telescopes to Understand Our Target,” JHU/APL, 29 April 2019, URL: http://dart.jhuapl.edu/News-and-Resources/blog.php?id=20190429


The objective is to take global measurements of the red edge


The lifetime of Gaia, ESA's billion star surveyor, was extended by eighteen months, from 25 July 2019 to 31 December 2020


A miniature SGLS (Space-to-Ground Link Subsystem) transponder of NRL (1.5 kg of SGLS mass


DASA Endbericht, “MOMS-02P auf Priroda/Mir,” Doc. No. M2P-DAS-100-RP-001.0, Dec. 12, 1996


Because Jupiter is too warm for methane to freeze


The APS area detector has 256 x 512 pixels of 50 µm pixel size


The following ELaNa 25B and 28 technology and demonstration missions were launched on this resupply flight, plus QARMAN of ESA. AzTechSat-1


The 5-metric ton probe, which consists of two major parts - the orbiter and the landing capsule- has flown for 215 days and about 475 million km on its journey to Mars


The functional requirements of the C&DH subsystem are: 1) Command the REPTile instrument to take science data 2) Receive science data from the REPTile instrument 3) Gather housekeeping data from all on-board subsystems 4) Perform the FDC (Fault Detection and Correction) function 5) Send science and housekeeping data to the COMM subsystem 6) Receive commands from the ground station


In early 2009, STEREO-B enjoys a 3-day look-ahead advantage over Earth-based observatories


In November 2020, the Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite was launched into orbit


At 7:56 p.m. PDT (10:56 p.m. EDT), the spacecraft spins up from 2 to 5 revolutions per minute (RPM)


The focus has been to utilize automation to (i) expedite fragment characterization process and (ii) minimize human-in-the-loop


ESA's Hera comes in to map the resulting impact crater and measure the asteroid's mass


According to INTEGRAL, something is creating a lot of gamma rays at the center of our galaxy - the suspect is positrons


In combination with in situ experiments to measure the parameters (velocity, temperature, density...) of the associated perturbations at 1 AU


Establishing the differences between Sentinel-6 and Jason-3 is important if stability in the sea-level rise time series from satellite altimetry is to be maintained with low uncertainties


Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich is now operational


Data from Juno allowed the team to calculate that the energy of the electrons generating the radio waves was far higher than previously estimated, as much as 23 times greater


A 13 km swath (at the proposed altitude of 500 km)


Enter Juno, which has been orbiting Jupiter since July 4, 2016


NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, managed Kepler mission development


To allow for cross calibration of the data from their instruments


1 source on-axis pointing, 24 off-source pointings


Juno spacecraft will come within 645 miles (1,038 kilometers) of the surface of Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede


The 1992 SOCIT (Satellite Orbital Debris Characterization Impact Test)


Juno is part of NASA's New Frontiers Program


ICON- Exploring Where Earth's Weather Meets Space Weather


BIROS (Bi-spectral InfraRed Optical System), a minisatellite 130 kg)


Stripmap TopSAR Stripmap high resolution TopSAR wide mode 10 m x 10 m (pixel) 100 m x 100 m (pixel)


The helical magnetic fields seem to efficiently provide helium-3 and iron in the solar atmosphere with energy


Up to 32 GB of non-volatile storage on SD (Secure Digital) cards


The Sentinel-6 radar altimeter derives its height above Earth by measuring the time it takes for a transmitted radar pulse to reflect off Earth's surface


The rotor is controlled by a Linux based server computer (NanoCom MS100)


Ministers back ESA's bold ambitions for space with record 17% rise.” European Space Agency, 23 November 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/Ministers_back_ESA_s_bold_ambitions_for_space_with_record_17_rise


With our novel modelling approach, which takes into account the propagation of the shock waves, the compaction and the subsequent flow of material, we were for the first time able to model the entire cratering process resulting from impacts on small, asteroids like Dimorphos


Made-in-Vietnam micro satellite sends signals to Earth,” Vietnam Breaking News, Nov. 21, 2013


The satellite carries Europe's latest radar altimetry technology


Three NEXT-C thrust arcs are currently planned for the interplanetary trajectory


At which point it will gather a wealth of data on the fiery physics of reentry


The parachute and backshell are located around 350 meters south of the rover’s landing platform


FTIR-spectroscopy from space - The MIRIAM mission


Another space mission, China’s Insight Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT)


The spacecraft also features selective component redundancy


Re-orienting Kepler relative to the Sun caused miniscule changes in the shape of the telescope and the temperature of the electronics


The platform has been designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and for any inclination


The Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) is the operator of the mission


Providing a pulse-limited footprint of 2.3 km


Stripmap SP: HH or HV or VH or VV DP: HH/HV or VV/VH QP: HH/HV/VH/VV


The PARASOL mission flies the POLDER-derived instrument as its main payload


India supported UNGA resolution 69/32 on No First Placement of Weapons on Outer Space


The deployment took place late May 21 Eastern


The Priroda module was originally an all-Soviet remote sensing project for combined civilian and military surveillance of the Earth


The radiator allows the complete radiation of all thermal energy into free space


The Venµs mission is currently in its operational qualification phase, which is scheduled to last three months


Models RSI 12-75/607 manufactured by Rockwell-Collins, Deutschland GmbH (formerly Teldix)


The residual acceleration levels on board are between 10-4 and 10-6 g


The gearbox couples dual spur gears for the first stage with dual harmonic gears in the final stage


The CSSWE team opted to use the 3U solid wall structure provided by Pumpkin Inc., San Francisco, CA


The team is ensuring that the new, more advanced data correlate properly with long-term records


Technically ESA's Qarman (QubeSat for Aerothermodynamic Research and Measurements on Ablation) achieved orbit on 5 December


The STEREO firewall isolates the Restricted IONet from the remaining components of the STEREO MOC ground system


Payload qualification and optical performance test results for the MightySat II.1 hyperspectral imager


Northrop Grumman Completes Orbital ATK Acquisition


The Hubble and Gemini observations were made to provide a wide-view context for Juno's 12th pass


Each pass of Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich will see the data collected by Jason-3


X-ray and gamma-ray data from ESA’s XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL orbiting observatories


As of April 2005, the spacecraft and its instruments completed the commissioning phase


Each of the two 1.5U CubeSats will host a miniature ionisation gauge space instrument (MIGSI)


AGGA-4, the fourth generation Advanced GPS/GLONASS Application Specific Integrated Circuit


In the oceans, detailed bathymetry is also essential for understanding physical oceanography, biology, and marine geology


A hyper-spectral imager in the visible, that will primarily map the ozone in the stratosphere


The onboard attitude error can be affected by a large error (up to several degrees)


This polarized radiation is highly aligned with the rotation axis of the pulsar


Transmission stopped after 5 months of in-orbit operations


This decision point is planned in the second half of 2021


Juno, which recently completed its 29th close-up science pass of Jupiter


With a spatial resolution of approximately 2 m for VIS and 2.5 m for NIR


Each thruster will be activated for about 2500 cycles


The FireBIRD (Fire Bispectral InfraRed Detector) mission run by the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; DLR)


The solar wind at Earth is about 70 times hotter than one might expect from the temperature of the solar corona


Uses a simple "vertical pushbroom" one-dimensional imaging spectrograph of UCB design


Mission Status May 10, 2022: When the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai volcano erupted on Jan. 15, 2022


The satellite bus only needs to provide power, an initialization command, and then receive the data after the experiment is completed


Fine-scale structure in cometary dust tails I: Analysis of striae in Comet C/2006 P1 (McNaught)


They can produce short bursts of high-energy radiation that typically last for not even a second but are billions of times more luminous than the Sun


The effort to conduct an impact experiment on a new target satellite, the DebriSat, was initiated by the NASA ODPO (Orbital Debris Program Office) in 2011


Qarman's nose is made from aerospace-quality cork


Optical fibers are limited to about 100 km before losses become overwhelming


After 6 months in heliocentric orbit, STEREO returned a daily average of 7.7 Gbit of data from the Behind spacecraft


The third and last step, named electrical passivation, had the objective of shutting off the satellite. It began in early December and ended on December 18, 2013


A launch of MIOSat is scheduled for 2012


What role did the Sun have in our solar system’s formation and early history?


Three NiCd batteries, each with 4 Ah capacity


The new CO2M Monitoring and Verification Support capacity, which the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts is developing


The spacecraft's supersonic parachute system had also been successfully tested previously


NuSat 4 and NuSat-5, Earth observation microsatellites (each 37 kg)


The Tianwen-1 orbiter has a design lifetime of one Martian year, or 687 Earth days


Used to determine energy thresholds for particle determination


Geosat altimeter observations of the sea surface circulation of the southern ocean


Power consumption - average (payload and payload support system) up to 80 W


The SAOCOM-1A satellite was launched on 8 October 2018 (02.21 UTC) on a SpaceX Falcon-9 vehicle


Spanning an ion energy range of 0.3-100 keV/e


The launch service is led by NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Launch Services Program


Last month, three possible names emerged, with Zhurong topping the list


The solar wind can be highly variable, meaning that measurements just short times or distances apart can yield quite different results. It is also very, very hot—remarkably so


SAOCOM-SAR is an L-band polarimetric SAR instrument


A major current concern is the potential loss of STEREO-B


Qarman will drift down month by month until it reenters the atmosphere


The Poseidon-4 altimeter's digital technology


An Antenna Pattern Correction is applied to the TA measurements to subtract noise temperature contributions from outside the main beam


The primary constraint is maximising the potential image quality that can be provided by the payload


The spacecraft’s huge 18 meter solar arrays


Some of those effects, like extreme winds and unusual electric currents were picked up by NASA's ICON mission


As of early October 2007, China's State Oceanic Administration (SOA) has formally taken over the operational control of the HY-1B spacecraft


The Zhurong rover started sending telemetry back to Earth after landing on Mars


Electrical block diagram of the REPTile instrument


China's Mars probe completes third orbital correction


BIROS has been orbiting Earth since 2016, searching for fires and other high-temperature events


A scientific program consisting of 39 experiments in fluid physics, biology, material science, meteoritics, radiation dosimetry and exobiology


Energy range information is not provided


Scientists have been busy parsing the wealth of observations collected by ICON in preparation for the mission's first science results, which will be released later this year


The MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-Ray Imaging Cherenkov ) on La Palma, in the Canary Islands


Gibor Basri, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif.


This very delicate deployment operation began to be carried out from the Mission Control Center through the Cordoba Earth Station and ended 12 hours later from the Tierra del Fuego Earth Station


ICON is being prepared for launch on a Pegasus XL rocket which will be carried aloft by Northrop Grumman's L-1011 Stargazer aircraft


The image processing and compression software employs such compression routines as Rice (lossless) and a lossy wavelet compression (H-compress) technique


The Catalonia test site in Spain is being used (several times per month) during the commissioning phase


The EPS manages the charge and discharge of the Li-Ion battery based on 1152 cells, split into two modules, for a total of 147 Ah EOL (End Of Life)


The mission is targeted to launch in 2023


Will continue carrying out an extended expedition toward an ancient coastal area of Utopia Planitia


Without a gas gauge, we have been monitoring the spacecraft for warning signs of low fuel— such as a drop in the fuel tank’s pressure and changes in the performance of the thrusters


Other types of galactic sources shown are rotating neutron stars, also known as pulsars


The relative attitude accuracy is ≤10 arcseconds (1σ)


SanYa, NSOAS/SOA: Receive raw data in real time and transfer to Beijing


In this annotated infrared image, six cyclones form a hexagonal pattern around a central cyclone at Jupiter's south pole


The DHS is in charge of the overall satellite command and control including AOCS algorithms


Found a source of high-energy X-rays sitting deep inside the explosion


The two Hall thrusters of the EPS are positioned on opposite edges of the plate


A pair of spherical Langmuir Probes with diameters of 5 cm and 1 cm


Michael L. Kaiser, “STEREO: Science and Mission Overview,” Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2009


Launch of the Pegasus XL rocket is scheduled for Oct. 26, 2018


The device is capable of providing average (on the field of view) accuracy and precision of an order of 1 arcsecond


Once completed, ESA's mission control team handed over command and control of the satellite to EUMETSAT


Kepler is also protected by an “active” thermal control system that consists of heat pipes, thermally conductive adhesives, heaters and temperature sensors


The fact that their orbits match up in such a stable ratio indicates the system itself is extremely stable


A map of sea-level anomalies from satellite altimeter data provided by the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service for 4 December 2020


The missions were built through various partnerships between NASA, France's Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), the European Space Agency, and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)


Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment mission: Kinetic impactor


Xenon at a pressure of 86 bar is stored in the propellant tank


The spacecraft will remain coupled in orbit until April


On Earth, Rossby waves are associated with the path of the jet stream and the formation of low- and high-pressure systems


The scientists analyzed the first year of ICON data


UN/Austria/ESA Symposium on Small Satellite Programs for Sustainable Development: Payloads for Small Satellite Programs, Sept. 21-24, 2010, Graz, Austria


STEREO has offered scientists the ability to see all sides of the sun simultaneously


Our four burns will use about half of the estimated 96 kg of fuel available


Zhurong visited one of these features June 26 (Sol 42)


This JunoCam image shows two of Jupiter's large rotating storms, captured on Juno's 38th perijove pass, on Nov. 29, 2021


A DORIS receiver (recurrent from CryoSat-2) to enable precise orbit determination


Raw unprocessed data about the rate at which the tether was unwinding