The second part of the measurements will include the selection of sample representative fragments. Those fragments will be subjected to additional three-dimensional digital scanning for more accurate cross-sectional area and volume data. Additional radar, photometric, and spectral measurements on selected fragments are also planned


The Xi'an Satellite Control Center in northwest China's Shaanxi province


The chemical propulsion system and the electric propulsion Xenon feed system have been undergoing assembly and integration onto the spacecraft structure at Aerojet Rocketdyne’s facility in Redmond, Washington


The satellite is now at IABG's facilities in Ottobrunn, Germany


The spacecraft will spin down from 5 to 2 RPM


The capability achieved through the Anti-Satellite missile test provides credible deterrence against threats to our growing space-based assets from long range missiles


The signal is now sampled with a 12 bit resolution


In January 2013, preliminary data were provided of the electron and proton flux


Wide throttling ranges of 1,000:1 for attitude, and 50:1 for drag compensation


Each of the ICP's four electronics boards


The OBDH elements consists of: OBC (Onboard Computer) Data acquisition module to interface with the technology experiments AOCS (Attitude and Orbit Control Subsystem) TM/TC module to interface with the S-band subsystem Mass memory to record the housekeeping telemetry data, time-tagged macro command and other ancillary data MIL-STD-1553 onboard communications bus


Combing through data gathered by NASA’s Kepler mission


The CME’s initial speed was estimated by NASA’s Moon to Mars Space Weather Operations Office to be approximately 983 km/s (610 miles per second)


Each altimetry satellite has reflectors that can bounce laser signals from ground stations to measure altitude


Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 2963, February 6, 1997


The LLITED mission features two 1.5U spacecrafts


Sept. 11, 2015: The EUMETSAT Member States have approved the development and implementation of the collaborative high precision ocean altimetry Jason-CS/Sentinel-6 mission


The objective is to characterize the physical properties of impact fragments to improve satellite breakup models and space situational awareness


Foldable solar array wing. RF communications: S-band for TT&C communications and X-band for SAR payload data download at a rate of 310 Mbit/s. An onboard mass memory of 256 Gbit is provided


TESS will be launching on April 16 from Cape Canaveral, Florida


Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich launched on 21 November 2020


3 m mesh dish for S-band downlink operations


There is still much that is unknown about Kepler-1649c, including its atmosphere, which could affect the planet's temperature. Current calculations of the planet's size have significant margins of error


The Science Principal Investigator is William Borucki


Stars the mass of our Sun, and up to eight times more massive


The payload segment contains the payload(s) itself, parts of the AOCS (Attitude and Orientation Control System) and one of the low gain antennas


The third data stream, which is slated for distribution later this year or early next year


After three months of preparations in orbit


Global mean sea level has risen a total of 95 mm since TOPEX-Poseidon first started flying in 1992


J. Galloway, “STEREO Mission Design,” NASA/GSFC paper, Sept. 1, 1999


The only information that the project has is from the limited telemetry extracted from the radio signal just before and just after the reset


This is a pressurized module, a sphere of 2.2 m diameter


It's always tense in the moments before we capture the first signal


Originally, Priroda was designed to to carry a deployable solar array


Comets are cosmic crumbs of frozen gas, rock and dust left over from the formation of our solar system 4.6 billion years ago


On Feb. 6, 2011, NASA's twin STEREO probes moved into position on opposite sides of the sun (180º apart


The facility is routinely launches projectiles at velocities between 3-6 km/s


Earth and Mars will be around 150 million kilometers apart when the orbiter arrives


The solar wind flows through the vacuum of interplanetary space much as the wind blows on Earth: not smoothly, but with gusting turbulence and swirling vortices


The range has several launchers capable of accelerating 500 g projectiles up the 7 km/s


Information provided by Joseph B. Gurman, STEREO Project Scientist


Juno's close flyby of the Jovian moon Ganymede on June 7, 2021


MPID consists of two small plates (4 cm x 8 cm, each the size of a credit card)


A power supply consisting of 2 x 18 V lithium battery at a capacity of 10 Ahr


DART will be the first high-speed impact experiment at an asteroid


Walter H. F. Smith, “Seafloor tectonic fabric from satellite altimetry


The second panel shows a peak near 12:23UT in the parallel plasma velocity


Although Venµs is primarily designed for vegetation studies


The primary (July 21, 2021 to August 24, 2021)


The system is fully automated to eliminate the human factor from measurements


Initially, the Kepler team estimated that the K2 mission could conduct 10 campaigns with the remaining fuel


The second stream comes a couple of days after it is acquired


Sentinel-6 'Short Time Critical Level 2 Low Resolution' products generated on 5 December


Data Juno collects during its extended mission may further unravel the mysteries of the dynamo effect not only at Jupiter but those of other planets, including Earth


China's Tianwen-1 Mars probe had traveled 100 million kilometers as of Friday morning (28 August)


The dynamo churns in the ionosphere, the electrically charged boundary between Earth and space


The magnetometer dynamic range is divided into 8 ranges


30 k more than the prediction of 85 k fragments from the existing model


June 8, 2021: The Juno spacecraft flew closer to Jupiter's largest moon than any other in more than two decades


Gaia is performing the most precise astrometric survey ever realized


The majority of them decay over short timescales – ranging between a few days and several years


A Southwest Research Institute-led team discovered never-before-detected, fine-grained structures in the Sun’s outer atmosphere, or corona


Ionosphere equatorial ionisation anomaly observed by GPS radio occultations during 2006–2014


Overall, the GEOSAT mission provided ocean topography information in the time period 1985-1990


The goal is to recover at least 90% of the total DebriSat mass from the fragments


Iridium PRIME will not be equipped with the L-band main mission antenna


The Juno spacecraft carries a payload of 29 sensors


STEREO-A moves around the sun farther and farther from Earth over time


The AOCS features multiple functional and hardware redundancies; it consists of two magnetometers


Cygnus supply ship delivers 3.8-ton cargo load to International Space Station


Objective: Measurement of atmospheric irradiation for different observation angles. Vertical temperature profiles of the atmosphere (up to 30 km with an accuracy of 4 - 5 K) and its CO2 band radiation


Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system (larger than the planet Mercury)


The HMC5843 3-axis magnetometer has been chosen, with a resolution of 7 milli Gauss (mG)


It orbits the fainter member of a pair of cool M-type stars every 31.3 days


The Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite is the first of two identical satellites to provide critical measurements of sea-level change


Wong thinks that lightning is common in a type of turbulent area known as folded filamentary regions


NewTech-1 (New Technology Demonstration Satellite-1) of CASC


Juno had been traveling between 62 and 68 Jupiter radii


MOS-P (Modular Optoelectronic Scanner - Priroda) is a passive pushbroom imaging spectrometer of medium spatial resolution for the visible and near-infrared spectrum (VNIR) of 0.4 - 1.01 µm


The largest contiguous area of fire was recorded on 10 December


Copernicus Sentinel-6B, which will be launched in 2025


The system also features a desktop computer to automate image acquisition, detect the object in images, perform 3D reconstruction via a space carving algorithm, measure the characteristic length of the point cloud, and store the images and measurement results


China's Mars probe Tianwen-1 has traveled more than 400 million km by Sunday (Jan. 3) morning


STEREO-B has proved to be a resilient spacecraft capable of surviving under an array of circumstances that is was not designed to accommodate


Argument of perigee, inclination (non-sun-synchronous) 66º


Orbital positions of the STEREO-A and -B observatories for 25 January 2014


China's Mars probe travels 137 million km


A 12-month tandem flight, where Sentinel-6 flies just 30 seconds behind Jason-3, will be used to compare measurements from the two independent satellites


The hardware selected for the C&DH subsystem consists of a two-component system offered by Pumpkin Inc. (CubeSat Kit)


Juno's measurement of Jupiter's gravity field indicates a north-south asymmetry


The payload operation for SpooQySat is irrespective of the satellite’s attitude inclination, altitude etc.


Shaonian Xing (Youth Star), a 2U CubeSat, developed by young students and sponsored by CAST (China Association for Science and Technology)


STEREO-Ahead will undergo tests and not be collecting data from July 6-12, 2014


The Venµs IHET Payload – Mission and Reliability Considerations


The SLP instrument is designed and developed at BIRA to observe the electron density and temperature with the following scientific objectives: 15) Investigate the ionosphere-plasmasphere coupling Study of the aurora structures Survey of the polar cap arcs


His Kepler system results agree with what is known


Kovács tests the reliability of the method using a known system as a model, the three-body system of Saturn, Jupiter and the sun


The I&T (Integration and Testing) processes for the ICON payload at USU/SDL


It will spend another two to three months surveying the candidate landing sites before landing


The SpooQy-1 CubeSat contains a miniaturized quantum instrument that creates pairs of photons with the quantum property of entanglement


This neutron star is about 20,000 light years away


Circling the planet in about four-and-a-half years


The latter two technologies also employ a flow of propellant and therefore impact the overall specific impulse of the system, although they are of a higher technology readiness level (TRL)


NCAR scientist Scott McIntosh, lead author of the paper


Reentry test of QARMAN CubeSat," ESA, 21 June 2018, URL: https://www.esa.


"Juno Overview," NASA, URL: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/overview/index.html


The S-6 satellites will give time before new technologies, such as the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SWOT mission)


This separation between ions and electrons creates an electric field in the dynamo region, near the bottom of the ionosphere


ESA’s follow-up Hera mission would observe this libration in close-up, in order to better constrain the efficiency of DART’s momentum transfer


Europa is thought to have twice as much water as does Earth


ICON's new wind measurements help scientists understand these tidal patterns that span the globe and their effects


It was built by a European manufacturing team led by the satellite prime contractor Luxspace


Scientists from IRAP (Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie) in France contributed to a Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy instrument on the Tianwen 1 rover


The DART spacecraft completed vibration testing in late July


None of the six storms showed signs of yielding to allow other cyclones to join in


The map shows the observed change in sea level from 1996-2016


The DebriSat project will update and expand upon the information obtained in the 1992 SOCIT (Satellite Orbital Debris Characterization Impact Test)


All four instruments – MIGHTI, EUV, FUV and IVM


Sufficient power will be available after two orbits to power up the C&DH subsystem


An expected capacitance of ~20 pF per quadrant


The COR-2 instrument was built and is operated by the Naval Research Laboratory


Spacecraft envelope ~ 1.5 m x 0.85 m x 0.8 m


The amount of starlight it receives from its host star is 75% of the amount of light Earth receives from our Sun


There are two miniaturized gyros which are dynamically tuned


The measured temperatures are used to constrain the amount of water and ammonia in the deep atmosphere, as both molecules absorb microwave radiation


It was built at RedShift Design and Engineering BVBA of Sint-Niklaas, Belgium


If GOLD captures landscapes from 22,000 miles above Earth


One board is comprised of four COTS TMS320C40 microprocessors


TriSat is a 3U CubeSat imaging mission led by the University of Maribor, Slovenia


The Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) was launched in October 2019


Guillermina Castillejo Cucarella, Andrzej Cichocki, Maurizio Burla, “Development, test and flight results of the RF systems for the YES2 Tether Experiment


And four microsatellites called Essaim-1, -2, -3, and -4


FTHSI was designed and built by Kestrel Corporation of Albuquerque, NM, and the Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL


The instrument is capable of any desired sample rate not exceeding 1kHz


Vaulting away from Cape Canaveral on an unusual southerly trajectory


About an hour after a flawless launch, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich Earth separated from the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket


The S-band system will enable a downlink of 102 MB/day in the spacecraft’s nominal sun-pointing mode


The control of the tether deployment is realized with a friction device called “barber pole”


The data set must first be divided into two groups: (a) those that show correlations and (b) those that do not


STEREO Watches Comet ATLAS as Solar Orbiter Crosses Its Tail,” NASA Feature, 5 June 2020, URL : https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/ : https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/ 2020/stereo-watches-comet-atlas-as-solar-orbiter-crosses-its-tail


Researchers reviewing Kepler data took a second look at the signature and recognized it as a planet


Combining two views is crucial for three-dimensional observations of the giant filaments that dance off the sun's surface or the massive eruptions of solar material known as CMEs


We want to use the radar system to measure the subsurface structure of the Martian surface, especially for the buried water ice


Detector Silicon CCD 2D-array (1024 x 1024 elements)


New results from the Ultraviolet Spectrograph instrument on NASA's Juno mission reveal for the first time the birth of auroral dawn storms


The planet discovered by Kunimoto is just 1 ½ times the size of Earth


Each satellite is planned to have a seven year lifetime


JIRAM probes the weather layer down to 50 to 70 km below Jupiter's cloud tops


The researchers used the Juno Waves data to identify the precise locations within Jupiter's vast magnetic field where these radio emissions originated


The GOES-17 satellite captured images of an umbrella cloud generated by the underwater eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano on Jan. 15, 2022. Crescent-shaped bow shock waves and numerous lighting strikes are also visible


The Copernicus initiative will provide crucial observation-based information in support of global action to combat climate change


LASP runs the spacecraft's operations on behalf of NASA and Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation in Boulder, Colorado


The AOCS is responsible for the satellite's attitude and orbit control through the following functionalities: rate damping, vector sun acquisition, safe mode control, fine pointing of the payloads in nominal mode (with GNSS-POD support) and orbit control maneuvers


Hisaki (SPRINT-A) satellite from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)


The total mass of the SAOCOM-1 satellites is approximately 3 tons


Hisaki has observed the aurora-generating magnetic field around Jupiter


The HummerSat-1A bus features also an octagonal shape (as the mother spacecraft) with dimensions of 400 mm in diameter and 175 mm in height


Copernicus Sentinel-6's role is to continue this legacy of critical measurements


Scientific Mission Image Ground Segment (SMIGS), located at CNES


The image shows how heat may be carried by winds away from the aurora and cause planet-wide heating


Gamma ray bursts usually last between a hundredth of a second to a hundred seconds


The glass diffraction grating uses straight holographic rulings blazed for 61.7 nm


The pluggable processor is a new architecture developed by Pumpkin


The key to success was using the Earth as a shield


By observing the famous black hole, Cygnus X-1


Noise Bandwidth Tolerance ±50 MHz ±100 MHz ±150 MHz


Each POC is individually responsible for the health and safety of its instrument


A particular challenge is that BIROS is in a low Earth orbit


GEOSAT 20th anniversary data set: 5 cm orbits based on GRACE gravity model


We got a head-on look with STEREO-A, a side view with STEREO-B as well as observations by Earth-orbiting satellites


RF section envelope 1.04 m (diameter), 0.29 m (height)


The OSIRIS laser terminal as secondary payload is accommodated at location 2


The Didymos Reconnaissance and Asteroid Camera for Optical-navigation (DRACO) imager, which needs to be reinforced to ensure it withstands the stress of launch


The probes will be swept with a duty cycle of less than 5%


The LLITED Langmuir probe will have a measurable density range of 2 x 10^9 mm to 2 x 10^13 mm


PICASSO, a 3U CubeSat mission (mass of 3.8 kg)


The massive cyclones that surround Jupiter's north and south poles are enduring atmospheric features


The instrument has a spectral bandpass from 400 nm to 850 nm


The TCU (Telescience Central Unit) provides telemetry formatting, telecommand decoding, stored command execution, power distribution and interfaces to DHU, RFU and the Foton spacecraft


They found these X-rays to be emanating from a region stretching around the hole


Seismic activity that can produce ionospheric perturbations


Indicative extensions for an additional two years, up to 2022


”Contracts awarded for development of six new Copernicus missions,” ESA Applications, 03 July 2020


Attitude dynamics of the first Russian nanosatellite TNS-0


FOTINO follows a ballistic trajectory to Earth


Nearby are located the DORIS receiver and antenna for precise position determination


In this phase, the image resolution increases


A new position is acquired every 2 seconds


Envisions the first MANTIS satellite to be the first of an aggregated constellation


Soon after the discovery of the Van Allen radiation belts in 1958, both American and Russian scientists concluded CRAND was likely the source of high-energy protons trapped in Earth's magnetic field


Aboard a Pegasus XL launch vehicle from Orbital's "Stargazer" L-1011 aircraft


Involving over 65 graduate and undergraduate students


The orbital lifetimes of fragments below about 1000 km altitude


Jupiter's X-ray auroras are different. They exist poleward of the main auroral belt and pulsate


Photos of the sensor complement, from left: camera


The imager could ”see” the Earth in hundreds of spectral bands ranging from the visible to the far-infrared


Leslie Livesay, director for astronomy and physics at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who served as Kepler project manager during mission development


The MOMSNAV package (two GPS antennas, two redundant gyro sensor blocks, one gyro electronics unit)


The TNS-0 spacecraft is cylindrical (17 cm diameter, 25 cm length)


Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland


The radio occultation data service primarily addresses the needs of meteorological and climate users


The DHU consists of two units: DCU (DHU Central Unit) and H2VMU (High Resolution/High Frame Rate Video Management Unit)


Clouds altitude detection benefits from the stereoscopic viewing feature of VENµS


Our new analysis, which uses stellar sound waves observed in the Kepler data to characterize the host star, demonstrated that the star is in fact three times larger than previously thought


SPIRE Global, headquartered in San Francisco, operates a constellation of over 60 Lemur 3U CubeSats


China’s Tianwen-1 orbiter is currently in an 8.2-hour orbit


Modi confirmed that the country had successfully destroyed a target satellite in low Earth orbit


KRAKsat, a CubeSat created by Polish students from AGH University of Science and Technology and Jagiellonian University


New results from the Ultraviolet Spectrograph instrument on NASA's Juno mission


EMISat carries instrumentation to detect, locate and characterize electromagnetic signals


Iridium PRIMESM,Iridium Press Release, Sept. 9, 2013


ESA’s Director of Earth Observation Programs, Josef Aschbacher


ESA/NASA’s SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) — made regular observations as McNaught flew by the Sun


Attitude is measured by a group of 3 single-axis FOG (Fiber Optic Gyros), a DSS (Digital Sun Sensor), a MM (Magnetometer), an ASS (APS Star Sensor), and MSS (Mini Star Sensor


Including longitudinal tether oscillations


Generated entangled photon-pairs over temperatures from 16 to 21.5ºC


Communication network CAN (Controller Area Network) bus


DART is a joint project between NASA and the JHU/APL (John Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory) of Laurel MD


The DSN established a lock on the STEREO-B downlink carrier at 6:27 p.m. EDT


This covers the following functional chains: EPS (Electrical Power System)


The local time at the descending node is between 9:30 and 10:30 hours


Due to radiation damage to the SPI’s germanium detectors, it is necessary to anneal, or bake them out, approximately every 6 months


Will accumulate more than 1000 operating hours


Cost of the payload is not included in the hosting fee


Primary science observations are obtained within three hours of closest approach to Jupiter


Proceedings of the 22nd Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, Logan, UT, USA, Aug. 11-14, 2008


The air-drop launch of Pegasus XL from underneath the L-1011 Stargazer aircraft occurred 50-100 miles east of Daytona Beach, Florida


A prime mission objective is to continue this long global sea-level time series with an error on the sea level trend of less than 1mm/year


Measures to avoid such resonance were determined (faster brake actuation, design brake for less friction, tuned control gains)


The scientific objective of the Kepler Mission is to explore the structure and diversity of planetary systems


Lockheed Martin Space in Denver built and operates the spacecraft


In the days since launch, known as the Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP)


A Fourier transform lens, which frees the spectral properties of dependence on aperture geometry and allows the wide FOV


It is designed to complete orbiting, landing and roving in one mission


STEREO mission operations are being accomplished with a minimal number of staff


Juno's microwave radiometer probes deep into the planet's atmosphere by detecting high-frequency radio waves


Taking advantage of the non-sun-synchronous orbit of Sentinel-6


Located on the other side of our Milky Way at a distance of about 50,000 light years


The SenPot amplifier generates a potential with respect to spacecraft ground to maintain the IVM reference ground at the floating potential with respect to the plasma


Over single shot scales between about 1 km and 5 km


Make use of the other satnav constellations now available, including Europe's Galileo


FireBIRD monitors forest fires in California


Argentina's SAOCOM-1A SAR satellite will be shipped later this month to Vandenberg Air Force Base in California for a launch that is scheduled for September


This artist's concept of lightning distribution in Jupiter's northern hemisphere incorporates a JunoCam image with artistic embellishments


Solar arrays were planned for other parts of Mir and a solar array was not included in the launch configuration


"The animation shows just how beautiful deep space exploration can be," said Scott Bolton, principal investigator for Juno from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio


FOR (Field of Regard) Body pointing capability of ± 30º in two axes


The top deck shear panel provides the mounting surface for the solar array panels


The solar-powered rover, standing about 1.8 meters tall


CSSWE will be deployed with a standard P-POD (Poly Picosatellite Orbital Deployer)


LRM only, LRM/SAR with RMC, LRM/SAR, LRM/SAR I&Q + RMC


Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, is scheduled to be launched in late 2020


The temperature of the lower thermosphere is derived from measurements of the band shape of the bright oxygen "Atmospheric Band" around 762 nm


A proposal concerning a two-year extension of the magnetospheric plasma mission, Cluster


Orbit repetition cycle 6 days (coverage)


NASA is providing an Ultraviolet Spectrograph instrument


China Puts Second Oceanic Survey Satellite Into Operation


At the time of closest approach (called perijove)


The Deputy Principal Investigator is David Koch


Later the scientists used the Rossi Explorer to observe the source as it faded away


By which point the spacecraft would have traveled about 45 degrees (one-eighth of a circle each) away from Earth


Fast Radio Bursts – powerful events that pulse brightly in radio waves for just a few milliseconds before fading away


This is a reconstructed view of Jupiter's northern lights


Standard collimators suffer from a misalignment between the mechanical axis of the housing and the optical axis of the lens system


Later this year, teams will move Jason-3 into what's called an interleaved orbit


Every 10 days, Sentinel-6 provides sufficient measurements to map the sea-surface height of the ocean


The difference amplifier is sampled at 32 Hz


ICON FUV will measure the altitude distribution of the OI 135.6 nm and N2 155 nm LBH dayglow emissions and the altitude and spatial distribution of the OI 135.6 nm nightglow emissions


Whose inner regions are puffed up by intense radiation


Responsible for heating the entire planet's upper atmosphere to surprisingly high temperatures


Physicist Floris Takens, who proposed in 1981 that the dynamics of a system could be reconstructed using a series of observations about the state of the system


AAC Clyde Space built and integrated the gold-plated satellite


Geometric Inflight Calibration by block adjustment using MOMS-2P imageryof three intersecting stereo-strips


Iridium PRIME leverages standard data and power interfaces on the commodity bus platform


Antenna looking angle right (nominal) left (capability)


BEESAT-4 should now be able to use the on-board Phoenix GPS receiver


Cosmic rays are charged particles and so their path is bent by magnetic fields


The XBS consists of the redundant X-band XDA (Downlink Assembly)


Its chemical propulsion system will conduct last minute direction changes


On the evening of Thursday, 15 November 2018, NASA's Kepler space telescope received its final set of commands to disconnect communications with Earth


The spacecraft, which has been gathering data on the gas giant Jupiter since July 2016


The SAC provides a concentration ratio of 3:1


The MIcrosatellite Ground Segment (MIGS) designed by CNES comprises: CCC (Command and Control Center) in Toulouse, Network of S-band (2 GHz) satellite tracking stations, Two S-band stations at Aussaguel, near Toulouse, and Kiruna in Sweden, TETX (Telemetry Earth Terminal X-band), Mission Center in Toulouse, ICARE Data Processing and Management Center hosted at USTL (Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille), Lille, France


LLITED A and B were launched on April 15, 2023, aboard the SpaceX Transporter-7 rideshare mission


Capable of collecting 30 cm resolution imagery


Passive control methods (with elements like multi layer insulation blankets, optical surface reflectors, thermal paints and heaters wherever necessary.)


The MAGIC mission will deliver at least Level-1 and Level-2 data products to the science community


Calibration will be required after a fixed number of objects are imaged


Next generation gravity mission as a mass change and geosciences international constellation (MAGIC) a joint ESA/NASA double-pair mission based on NASA's MCDO and ESA's NGGM studies- Mission Requirements Document


By Sunday, the robot had moved 889 meters


The "hidden" particle eruptions on 30 April 2014 and 17 and 20 July 2014


The carrier deployed the entry module and fired thrusters to re-establish a stable orbit around Mars


France-Israel space cooperation Venus vegetation-monitoring satellite sends back first images," CNES Press Release, 23 Aug


A heater is designed to fit into a 0.4 mm deep cut-out in the middle section of the baseplate


The REPTile instrument of CSSWE has been taking data for ~three weeks


Attitude knowledge/control = 0.15º/0.18º


JEDI comprises three identical sensor units


The imagery is downlinked in X-band (8125 MHz)


This is the first time that an ‘atlas’ of ionospheric perturbations will be made for all local times, and multiple seasons for a range of latitudes from the equator to the inclination of the satellite


The same module includes also the telemetry and telecommand encoder/decoder, and the platform data storage memory


The pointing accuracy is in the order of 0.1º for each axis


To avoid the Sun the FOV must be out of the ecliptic plane


Sentinel-6 provides both continuity and enhanced measurements for sea level


December 12, 2019: Jupiter's south pole has a new cyclone. The discovery of the massive Jovian tempest occurred on Nov. 3, 2019, during the most recent data-gathering flyby of Jupiter by NASA's Juno spacecraft


The impulse widening (Figure 33) will be less severe


Their internal magnetic field is thought to be strong enough to twist the stellar crust


Gerhard Zimmermann, Andreas Neumann, Karl-Heinz Suemnich, Horst H. Schwarzer


The payload will be shipped from Utah to Orbital ATK in Virginia


Mapping the distribution of iron-60 is a job for the next generation of gamma-ray instruments


For the SpooQySat mission, the peak system power consumption is rated at 3.85 W


The S-6 LRA is accommodated on the nadir plate of the satellite close to the center of gravity


The altimeter data were first processed at a resolution of 1.1 m in the azimuth direction


NASA's Juno Spacecraft Sends First In-orbit View


The first is available within hours of Sentinel-6's Poseidon-4 altimeter collecting it


Solar Orbiter crossed the ion tail on May 31


The payload downlink, also referred to as DTM (Data Transmission), has a data rate of 2 Mbit/s


INTEGRAL has several on-board failure detection and recovery functionalities, which are mainly focussed on the attitude control and the on-board power system


It takes about four minutes to acquire the 126 images currently used for 3D reconstruction


The alignment of the aperture with the velocity vector is within one degree


JADE consists of an electronics box shared by four sensors: three will detect the electrons that surround the spacecraft, and the fourth will identify positively charged hydrogen, helium, oxygen and sulfur ions


Launched 10 years ago on October 26, 2006 (UTC)


To provide a correction for the wet tropospheric path delay for the altimeter range measurement


PARASOL's last telemetry signal, received at 15:51 UTC on December 18


Qarman CubeSat was deployed from the ISS by NanoRacks services on 19 February 2020


The newly confirmed planet orbits at a distance of only twice the star's diameter


Once on Mars, the Tianwen-1 landing platform will extend a ramp


The capsule returns to Earth on Sept. 25, 2007


ICON is uniquely equipped to investigate this part of the ionosphere from above by taking advantage of the upper atmosphere's natural glow to detect the motion of plasma


The rover’s six science payloads include: Multispectral Camera, Terrain Camera, Mars-Rover Subsurface Exploration Radar, Mars Surface Composition Detector, Mars Magnetic Field Detector, Mars Meteorology Monitor


A Super NiCd battery of 21 Ah is used for eclipse phase operations


COSMIAC will build the satellite and collect the data from it


ICON flew very close to the December 26 solar eclipse track that extended across Asia, and observed the major changes in upper atmospheric airglow that naturally occurred


This allows improvement of the along-track resolution to about 300 m


There had been plans to perform a period reduction maneuver with the spacecraft's main engine on Oct. 19 to reduce the orbital period to 14 days


On-board processing of fire front attributes, including geo-referencing and their direct transmission to the user on ground


Richard Selesnick of the Air Force Research Laboratory at Kirtland Air Force Base in New Mexico


The onboard safety mechanisms have to be tuned with care to allow such a close approach


It will fire rockets in order to enter orbit around Mars in February 2021


CCD readout noise 7 (ms) electrons/pixel/read


SAOCOM Mission- Earth Observation for Scientific and Commercial Applications


Jupiter's enigmatic Great Blue Spot, an isolated patch of intense magnetic field near the planet's equator, will be the target of a high-spatial-resolution magnetic survey during six flybys early in the extended mission


CTECS-A consists of a custom GPS receiver


A mysterious black hole found spitting out ‘bullets’ of plasma while rotating through space


Such flares last only for a few days or weeks


The transponder receives the Sentinel-6 radar signal, which is amplified and transmitted back to the satellite


Josef Aschbacher, Director of ESA’s Earth Observation Programs


When Joe Biden was inaugurated as President one year ago


Proceedings of 13th Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, Logan Utah, Aug. 23-26, 1999


The STEREO mission operations were designed around the data return requirement of an average of 5 Gbit/day of data


Jupiter is the only one of the four giant planets with an aurora that has been found to emit X-rays


The 13 scientific devices mounted on Tianwen 1's orbiter and the Zhurong rover have generated more than 420 gigabytes of primary data


This phase named fluidic passivation required 5 manoeuvres with 2 thrusts each and took place in November


The MIGHTI design allows for a more compact optical bench layout


ESA’s Hera will be Earth’s next planetary defense mission, scheduled to fly to the same body that DART will impact next year


The neutral charge of neutrinos instead means they are unaffected by magnetic fields


It was, however, rotating much slower, completing one cycle in about six months


The orbiter has its own set of science instruments for studying Mars, including a high-resolution camera


December 11, 2002: INTEGRAL, the European Space Agency’s gamma-ray satellite, has taken its first images


Only the compressed parameters of interest will be sent back to the ground station via an S-band link


The Tianwen-1 probe, with a mass of about five tons


With the objective to measure electrons (3 - 100 MeV) and protons (30 - 300 MeV) in orbit


Payload data downlink rate via separate payload transmitter Baseline 25 Mbit/s (X-band)


The pointing determination during images acquisition will be < 0.02º for the axis normal to the boresight and 0.04º for the boresight


With Vega, Arianespace successfully performs the first European mission to launch multiple small satellites,” Arianespace Press Release, 3 September 2020


While primordial neutrinos were created during the Big Bang, more of these elusive particles are routinely produced in nuclear reactions across the cosmos


The picosatellite will be affected stronger by air drag, decay faster and thus move faster in the along-track direction


The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore conducts Hubble science operations


Landing coordinates of 110.318 degrees east longitude and 24.748 degrees north latitude


The real goal is to collect as much effective scientific data as possible


On the evening of July 4, at roughly 9 p.m. PDT


Spacecraft redundancy One failure tolerant


From this, scientists estimated the energy of the parent neutrino to be around 290 TeV


The phase will last for up to six months


Two linear CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) arrays are optically combined in the focal plane of the center lens


Proceedings of the 59th IAC (International Astronautical Congress), Glasgow, Scotland, UK, Sept. 29 to Oct.


The sun’s wispy outer atmosphere is surprisingly full of knots, whorls and blobs


Positions of STEREO A and B for 7 June 2020 at 11:00 UT


The bursts were among the brightest ever recorded by the ACS


The spacecraft will acquire images from the nominal orbit at 720 km altitude


MIOSat (Missione Ottica Su MicroSatellite) is an approved low-cost technology demonstration and Earth observation microsatellite mission


The REPTile instrument design is based on GEANT4 (Geometry and Tracking toolkit 4) simulations


Graduate student Kun Zhang of CU Boulder aerospace engineering sciences


Kepler Space Telescope has discovered thousands of exoplanets using the transit method


Provide the inputs to a linear difference amplifier


Jupiter's Auroras Present a Powerful Mystery


Nine U.S. missions have successfully landed on Mars since 1976


"Some time ago, our scientists shot down a live satellite 300 kilometers away in space"


Between 80 and 600 km (50 and 400 miles) above the ground


It is located in our Milky Way, some 8000 light-years away from Earth


The Soviet Union’s Mars 3 lander was the first spacecraft to perform a soft landing on the Martian surface


The system has a measurement accuracy of about 2%


Pointing stability, RPE (Relative Pointing Error) 15 arcsec/s


NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) is providing ground stations to complement the EUMETSAT station


Science instruments requiring full power for only about six hours out of each 14-day orbit


Comet ATLAS was discovered on Dec. 28, 2019


The 3.3 V power bus will supply subsystems including the OBC, ADCS (onboard the OBC) and the communication system


Since late 2002, INTEGRAL has been collecting data from across the galaxy


The C&DH subsystem has 3 major components: motherboard, processor, and RTOS (Real-Time Operating System) software


SDSU astronomer Jerome Orosz, the paper's lead author


The Great Red Spot appears red in visible light because these hazes absorb blue wavelengths


The Kepler Observatory was launched on March 7, 2009 (03:49:57 UTC) on a ULA (United Launch Alliance) Delta-II 7925-10L vehicle


Mounted on the STEREO boom (about 4m) just inboard of the SWEA and STE instruments


Quintin Schiller of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland


Part of the AVANTI (Autonomous Visual Approach Navigation and Target Identification) experiment


Get this important satellite mission ready for launch


Xingwei Jiang, Mingsen Lin, Junwu Tang, “The Programs of China Ocean Observation Satellites and Applications,” SOA, CEOS WGCV-28, Feb. 26-29, 2008


The CartoSat-2C mission was the primary payload on this flight with a launch mass of 727.5 kg


An Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit with a period of 372.5 days


The Priroda module included a payload shroud, the instrument/payload compartment, and an instrument module


The IVM sensors and sensor electronics are constructed as a single package and are mounted to view approximately along the spacecraft velocity vector


The image was taken on July 10, 2016 at 5:30 UTC


Topographic mapping with orbiting laser and radar altimeters has been the focus of the current exploration of Venus, the Moon, and Mars


LET's large geometric factor also ensures the detection of even small SEP events


The bulk of the field comes from the core. The Sun and regions outside of the solid Earth also contribute to the observed magnetic field


A MIL-STD-1553 bus architecture is used for on-board command and telemetry transmission between the IEM, the instruments, attitude sensors, and the PSE


Will characterize the pre-impact surface morphology and geology of the target asteroid and the primary to ≤50 cm/px


The first device in this series is SPEQS-CS, which is a device for producing pairs of polarization correlated photons


Electromagnetic waves, circularly polarized, with very low and ultra low frequency (VLF/ULF), propagate as Alfven disturbances along the geomagnetic field lines


The 4300 groves/mm grating is slightly convex with a 1.7 m radius of curvature


Total Etendue (A) for 90-300 km limb scene 0.040 cm 2 sr (night)


We have been flying Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich on the same orbit as the current altimetry reference mission, Jason-3


Short-lived features like those in the Great Red Spot


An f/5.3 number in the spectral dimension


As many as 66 Iridium PRIME satellites will be available for hosting depending on customer demand


The duration for each experiment is approximately 35 minutes


Orbital images of the immediate landing area show nearby bright, linear features


Now, sixteen years later, SOHO is still providing valuable data to the solar and space weather communities


The spacecraft has collected ~160 MB of data to date


The radar look direction is from the right with layover effects seen on the mountainous region to the left of the image


The fundamental frequency of the libration will depend on the mass of the secondary, and how that mass is distributed throughout its interior


Power Converter Module, providing internal secondary power, High Power command, Relay Status reading and analogue signal management


The Galileo POD measurements in particular were excellent, outperforming the GPS measurements by a factor of two in terms of accuracy


The PLASTIC instrument design is based on the CIS/CODIF (Cluster Ion Spectrometer/Composition and Distribution Functions) sensor onboard the Cluster mission


The ICON satellite will orbit above the upper atmosphere


This new mission is now delivering the world's most accurate data on sea-level rise


The mission management is performed by UCB/SSL


The steering mirror has a horizontal freedom of motion allowing a ±20° movement


A compact binocular telescope specifically designed to fit within a volume of 8U


The turntable acceleration is limited to reduce the risk of object movement


PROM (Programmable Read¿Only Memory) 64 kByte


Future scientific returns of the mission by itself have been evaluated in the hypothesis of a one spacecraft and two spacecraft mission


The extent to which solar activity (and thus the number of sunspots and the solar brightness) varies can be reconstructed using various methods


"Ride With Juno As It Flies Past the Solar System's Biggest Moon and Jupiter," NASA/JPL News, 14 July 2021


Observed from November 26 to December 5, 2021


Volodymyr Savchenko from the INTEGRAL Science Data Center in Geneva, Switzerland


GM (Geodetic Mission): Sun-synchronous polar orbit


By gathering data close-up, Hera will help turn DART’s grand-scale impact experiment into a well-understood and repeatable deflection technique


The radio waves emerge from the source along the walls of a hollow cone aligned with and controlled by the strength and shape of the magnetic field of Jupiter


The S-band transmission system uses a CCSDS (Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems) compatible implementation with two hot redundant receivers and two cold redundant transmitters


The Priroda module was capable of autonomous flight prior to its docking with Mir


Tianwen-1 spacecraft, consisting of the orbiter and the rover as well as a lander, was launched on July 23, 2020


Every 53 days, Juno races low over the storm systems


JADE was de-signed and built by SwRI (Southwest Research Institute) in San Antonio, Texas


The comparator is implemented with a hysteresis


The amount of gas pumped into the sensor will be dependent on the vehicle velocity and orientation, and several parameters of the ambient gas


The spacecraft has two ~7 m gimballed Roll-Out Solar Arrays (ROSA)


MANTIS will address these challenges with periodic statistics reports on activity in the regions of interest, computed through the latest data processing and machine learning techniques


The OWLS experiment will generate up to three types of data: Information about the Tx and Rx error-counters, Raw data files sent from µRTs to Master Unit with a-priori known patterns


Data from the individual pixels that make up each star of the 100,000 main-sequence stars brighter than mv=14 are recorded continuously and simultaneously


565 nm 20 nm 564.5 nm (highly dynamic range)


The required initial velocity is 2.1 m/s normal to the ejection system


After contact was re-established it returned the data recorded on the sun's far side


With Mars more than 192 million kilometers away from Earth and a light time delay of 10 minutes and 40 seconds


The launch was delayed from June 15, Nov. 14 and Dec. 8, 2017


VRS (VENµS Receiving Station), an X-band station in Kiruna


Use a 35 W TWTA (Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier)


Estimating the amount of water in Jupiter's atmosphere


The observed SAA can be also interpreted as a consequence of weakening dominance of the dipole field in the region


They are able to operate remotely when necessary


This receiver utilizes low noise, high gain Indium Phosphide (InP) MMICs to amplify incoming signal


They also focused on stars similar to our Sun in age and temperature, plus or minus up to 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit


The Science Working Group is comprised of Alan Boss, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington D.C.; John J. Caldwell, York University, Canada; Andrea Dupree, SAO; Steve Howell, NOAO (National Optical Astronomy Observatory), Tucson, AZ; Hans Kjeldsen, University of Aarhus, Denmark; Soren Meibom, SAO; David Morrison, NASA Ames and Jill Tarter, SETI Institute; Participating Scientists are Derek Buzasi, Eureka Scientific, Oakland, Calif.


An extensible structure which is an evolution of a previous ASI project called MITAR


A hexagon with a diameter of 50 cm and a height of 53 cm with a mass of about 8 kg


VUTRX, which is mainly dedicated to TMTC (Telemetry and Telecommand)


They were in opposition in February 2011


The essential I/Fs (Interfaces) are double cross-strapped provided


The overall measurement strategy calls for: Imaging of the solar atmosphere and heliosphere from two perspectives simultaneously Tracking of disturbances in 3-D from their onset at the sun to beyond Earth's orbit Measurement of energetic particles generated by the disturbances Sampling of fields and particles in the disturbances as they pass Earth's orbit


The ISOC (INTEGRAL Science Operations Center) at Noordwijk, the Netherlands, is providing the observation plan


The primary goal of this mission is the detection and monitoring of so called HTEs (High Temperature Events), e.g. forest fires or other hot spots


The design uses surface-mounted triple junction solar cells of Emcore with 28% efficiency


The first sun observation images taken by the STEREO-A spacecraft were received on Dec. 4, 2006


The Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite was launched on 21 November 2020 (17:17 UTC)


The collimators are connected with the laser sources, providing two different laser signals


NASA’s DART impactor crashes into the smaller of the two Didymos asteroids at 6.6 km/s


The distribution of radioactive varieties of carbon and beryllium in tree rings and ice cores allows us to draw conclusions about the level of solar activity over the past 9000 years


The Sun’s outer corona is the source of the solar wind


Each measurement represents a set of limb observations for tangent altitudes between 90 and 300 km


The Jason-CS satellite will carry a radar altimeter package


The system is able to handle frequencies up to 1 Mbit/s


The instrument complement including: POS-4, DORIS, REM, AMR-C and GNSS-RO


Sentinel-6's Poseidon-4 altimeter was designed to bring new high-resolution Ku-band synthetic aperture radar measurements into the altimetry reference time series. It, therefore, delivers simultaneous low-resolution measurements and high-resolution measurements


Vega lofts two satellites on second launch this year," ESA, 2 August 2017


COR1 and COR2, along with the EUVI and GT (Guide Telescope) are mounted on an optical bench in the middle of the spacecraft


INTEGRAL covers a wavelength range which is not covered by any other satellite


Successful Hypervelocity Impacts of DebrisLV and DebriSat


Figure 25: This is an artistic rendition of the Kepler-47 circumbinary planet system


A GPS-based SPS (Satellite Positioning System) is used to provide the satellite position to an accuracy of < 30 m


Filter center wavelengths O 2 A-band 762.0


The researchers also processed the resulting images in a new way to bring those changes into focus


DART Gets Its Wings: Spacecraft Integrated with Innovative Solar Array Technology and Camera,” NASA Feature, 12 August 2021


The auroras were first spotted around east Siberia, north of Japan, at around 11:00 GMT


On November 30, 2018, Kepler ran out of fuel and ended its mission after nine years


The A/M distribution determines the solar radiation pressure and atmospheric drag perturbations on the fragments


This new finding is a significant step forward in Kepler's original mission to understand how many potentially habitable worlds exist in our galaxy


The evolution of supernova explosion AT2018cow as observed at soft X-rays with NASA's Swift (red circles) and ESA's XMM-Newton (red triangles) space observatories


ISA is in charge of the platform (provided by IAI - Israel Aerospace Industry and RAFAEL - Advanced Defense Systems), the IHET system, the satellite control center and the operation of the satellite


This image acquisition process can be completed with a single button-click and only takes about 4 minutes


While the spacecraft is out of contact on the far side of the Sun, this reset will occur every three days


Detector: Commercial CMOS 2048 x 2048 RGB


Radar altimeters continually send out pulses of radio waves (microwaves) that bounce off the surface of the ocean and reflect back toward the satellite


Hits the atmosphere traveling at a rate of kilometers per second


ESA’s Integral satellite has been scouring the skies around the Earth for signs of high-energy radiation


The S/C structure is characterized by three decks supported by six structural frames which make up a hexagonal prism body


It is understood that EMISAT will be used for ELINT (Electronic Intelligence)


The Juno spacecraft had a total launch mass of 3625 kg


A CPUT STX (S-band Transmitter), as flown on Clyde Space’s previous satellite UKube-1, was chosen to facilitate the high data-rate transfers of payload data as well as enhanced telemetry data


The images DRACO returns of the target asteroid Dimorphos


Is starting the phase B1 with an intermediate SRR planned in July 2025


Eric Ford, University of Florida, Gainsville


The LLITED PIP will be a 40 x 60 mm rectangle


Proposed by the Universitat Politèctica de Catalunya (UPC) and developed by a consortium composed of UPC (ES), Deimos Engenharia (PT), Golbriak Space (EE), COSINE (NL) and Tyvak International (IT)


Jupiter has 2 to 9 times more oxygen than the Sun


"Galileo viewed the stripes on Jupiter more than 400 years ago"


This animation consists of a sequence of two images taken by the IBIS/ISGRI instrument


VENµS commissioning phase: Specificities of radiometric calibration," Proceedings of IGARSS (International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium), Valencia, Spain, July 23-27, 2018


QARMAN stopped transmitting on 14 July 2020


It measures electrons in 3 differential and 1 integral energy channel


They found the problem and rescued the mission


Designed and manufactured by Satellogic S.A. with HQs in Argentina


Instrument mass 32 kg including FPA, electronics, thermal control


Some of these commands are intended to aid the Star Tracker come back online. Other commands are intended to reactivate the spacecraft transmitter, in case it somehow got deactivated. Commands have also been broadcast to disable the failed IMU


October 26, 2012: The REPTile instrument of CSSWE has been taking data for ~three weeks


CanX-2 a triple CubeSat of the University of Toronto (UTIAS/SFL, 3.5 kg)


In China, Lake Qinhai is the most suitable site for calibrating thermal infrared bands of various satellite sensors


The DebriSat project is a continuing effort sponsored by NASA and DoD


These launch preparations will resume as soon as allowed by health conditions


Sometimes leaving behind a spinning stellar corpse with a strong magnetic field, known as a neutron star


The many discoveries of diverse exoplanets by Hubble


China's Mars rover Zhurong has traveled 585 meters on the surface of the red planet


The belts restrain the particles to travel along Earth's magnetic field lines, continually bouncing back and forth from pole to pole


The instrument calculates the time it takes for the signal to return


RF communications are provided in X-band


SSN data have indicated that Cosmos 2251 fragments are well-described by the NASA standard satellite breakup model


The spacecraft’s roughly 14-month cruise to Didymos


The bursts can occur as often as several times a day


This capacitance, combined with the needed high amplification, reduces very strongly the bandwidth of the sensor


In case of a power failure, the TVM's solenoid valves shall shut off and will prevent Xenon loss to space


Odin mission of Sweden (launch on Feb. 20, 2001


The gas swirls in a disk around the compact object at very high velocity (close to the speed of light)


With only Oberpfaffenhofen as ground station


The baby of the group, appeared to be changing the geometric configuration at the pole – from a pentagon to a hexagon


Gamma rays from space can only be detected above Earth’s atmosphere


With a ground spatial resolution of 6 km x 7 km at nadir


Clouds and rainfall become more sporadic over the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, which can lead to dry conditions in Brazil, Argentina, and other parts of South America and wetter conditions over Central America


The Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) tracks red and green airglow 100 km above the Earth's surface to measure how the neutral atmosphere moves


Using satellite sensor data declassified by the Navy in combination with data from the ERS-1 mission of ESA (European Space Agency, launch of ERS-1 in 1991) and repeat-track coverage from the Topex/Poseidon altimeter (NASA/CNES mission, Launch Aug. 10, 1992))


The Tianwen-1 mission consists of an orbiter and a lander with rover


A hot disc surrounding the black hole, made of gas and matter falling onto it, somehow emits an energetic beam parallel to the axis of rotation


A huge Long March 5 rocket will send the Chinese spacecraft


The strong potential of the STEREO mission is to be able to study and understand the initiation, propagation and evolution of space weather events across the heliosphere


To manage the transition from Jason-3's lower resolution measurements to Sentinel-6's high-resolution products with confidence


The sensor complement will collect measurements in the magnetic latitude range of ±65°


Accelerometer Acceleration of the capsule in the 3 axis


They sporadically release large, short bursts (lasting about 0.1 s) of low energy (soft) gamma rays and hard X-rays


At higher latitudes (in the platform adjustment regions), all detectors are planned to be switched off


Four COTS TMS320C40 microprocessors (120 Megaflop)


OSIRIS for BiROS carries two separate laser sources with an IM/DD (Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection) modulation scheme


The rover will now begin science and exploration tasks in Utopia Planitia with six science payloads, including optical and multispectral cameras and ground-penetrating radar


Draft treaties on Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) and the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space, the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects (PPWT) that are pending before the Conference on Disarmament


Russia provided the launcher for INTEGRAL for free


Jupiter's intense aurora, the most powerful in the solar system


Target orbit for the 7 microsatellites: altitude of 515 km, inclination of 97.45º


INTEGRAL's null detection is consistent with this scenario


Scientists from IRAP (Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie), in France contributed to a Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy instrument on the Tianwen-1 rover


DLRK (Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress), Stuttgart, Germany, Sept. 10-12, 2013


Determine the variety of orbit sizes and planet reflectivities, sizes, masses and densities of short-period giant planets


The second mission phase is known as the 'Exact Repeat Mission' (ERM)


Encounter with the Jovian moon is expected to yield insights into its composition


November 2003: A space operations summary of the INTEGRAL spacecraft after one year in orbit


Kepler Space Telescope has discovered thousands of exoplanets


The amount of carbon monoxide that the researchers identified on Jupiter


The vast majority of high-energy sources correspond to the final products of stellar evolution: either neutron stars or black holes in X-ray binaries, or pulsars - highly magnetized, spinning neutron stars


Spacecraft stabilization 3-axis stabilization


A Single Event Upset (SEU) occurs when a charged particle strikes a sensitive part of electrical equipment


Recent observations and forecasts show that the region is expanding westward and continuing to weaken in intensity


Two 55 amp-hour lithium-ion batteries provide power when Juno is off-sun or in eclipse


Launch of HY-1B spacecraft took place on April 11, 2007


INTEGRAL is the first space observatory that can simultaneously observe objects in gamma rays, X-rays and visible light


Five 250-Hz samples are passed to the G&C flight computer for processing every 20 ms


The Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitoring (CO2M) mission ready for liftoff in 2025


Operate successfully in the harsh environment of space within a satellite that provides minimal energy


Region of Jerusalem imaged by Venµs on 17 August 2017


Current consumption values of the GlobalStar modem


The Kepler team is planning to collect as much science data as possible in its remaining time


Dr. Craig DeForest, a solar physicist at SwRI in Boulder, CO, and lead author on the study


Sentinel-6 brings, for the first time, synthetic aperture radar into the altimetry reference mission time series


Begin driving around the unexplored landing site


Projected counting rate 0.5 counts/pixel/exp/R


ITU International Satellite Symposium, 21-26 September 2019


Table 1 provides a comparison between DebriSat and Transit


Each band has one detector which gives out data in 4 ports with 10 bits per pixel


The mission goal is to generate an atlas of ionospheric density and vertical drift fluctuations with wavelengths < 100 km at or below the F-region peak


The instrument consists of a segmented layer of plastic scintillators for the trigger


Provides an accuracy of 10-20 m (without ionospheric corrections)


Proceedings of the 4S (Small Satellites Systems and Services) Symposium, Port Petro, Majorca Island, Spain, May 26-30, 2014


The two major classes of satellite breakups are explosions and collisions


On Dec. 18, 2012, the PARASOL mission celebrated 8 years on orbit


There have been other occasions when it took the Star Tracker several minutes, or even a few days, to start determining the spacecraft orientation based on star images


Absolute Radiometric Calibration of HY-1 COCTS Using the Reflectance-based Method


TIRA will only be able to distinguish them, when they have reached a separation of at least 5 km


Ground track is controlled in a box of +- 1 km


The team observed Jupiter with the Keck II telescope for five hours on two separate nights in April 2016 and January 2017


Image credit: Scott McIntosh, and the Rossby wave study team


Plan is to recover at least 90% of the total DebriSat mass from the fragments


The wheels will provide a total angular momentum of 3.53 mNms


The Proton used three booster stages to place the spacecraft into a low ‘parking’ orbit


China hasn't said exactly when the lander/rover will be deployed to the surface


The requirement is these thermal variations not exceed 10 °C


Filled with electrically charged gases called plasma, the ionosphere acts like a wire


Telemetry archive servers with 10 TB RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disk) storage arrays


The PAP consists of three different ion analyzers (ion capture meter, retarding potential analyzer, and ion drift meter)


From SLC-4E (Space Launch Complex 4E) at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California


SAOCOM 1A ships to Vandenberg as Falcon 9 prepares for the first west coast RTLS


They do provide some warmth, heating up Jupiter's equator more than the poles — just as they heat up Earth


The unexpectedly strong auroras illuminating the Earth


To reach the goal of a maximum misalignment of 30 µrad


The YES2 ejection system is a subsystem of the FLOYD module of the YES2 satellite


The Science Office at ARC leads the “Science Systems Engineering” effort


Communications with STEREO-B were lost on Oct. 1, 2014


The Sentinel-6 product suite will include Level 1 products aimed at the further study of the intrinsic altimeter waveforms and development and innovative processing techniques


The main INTEGRAL calibration target for the high-energy instruments is the Crab Nebula


Proceedings of the 48th Israel Annual Conference on Aerospace Sciences, Tel Aviv and Haifa, Israel, Feb.


Its principal targets are violent explosions known as gamma-ray bursts, powerful phenomena such as supernova explosions, and regions in the Universe thought to contain black holes


Managed by APL with support from other industry partners


A localized field with reversed polarity grows strongly in the SAA region, thus making the field intensity very weak, weaker than that of the surrounding regions


In 1992, the Navy declassified all Geodetic Mission (GM) radar altimeter data acquired by the GEOSAT spacecraft over oceanic regions south of 30º South


The TSU project was funded by ESA and implemented by SSC (Swedish Space Corporation) as prime contractor


The outermost planet, K2-155d, with a radius 1.6 times that of Earth


A nine-to-four ratio is relatively unique among planetary systems


ESA's SPC (Science Program Committee) has approved indicative extensions, up to 2019-2020, for the operation of eight scientific missions


SpaceX launched its CRS-19 mission from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida


Hera will study the aftermath of the impact caused by the NASA spacecraft DART on the smaller body


A Viton seal is designed as to insulate the optical unit from the PCB (Printed Circuit Board)


High-resolution UV/Optical/IR Imaging of Jupiter in 2016–2019


The YES2 operations phase will last for about 6-7 hours


An APL firewall isolates the Ops DMZ from the APL intranet


Juno's primary goal is to reveal the story of Jupiter's formation and evolution.


The robotic probe will consist of three parts – the orbiter, the lander and the rover


The spacecraft's guidance and control electronics to cope with multiple failures is limited


They revealed that the remains of stellar explosions move, on average, much faster than stars and most of the gas in the Milky Way


The image data was collected on test beds with good ground control points


Schedules the operational modes, executes the acquisition and tracking algorithms and manages the calibration mode


Solar panels providing 800 W of power for the spacecraft


The pre-processing includes: Radiometric correction (using system correction files) Inter-channel co-registration (using system correction files), and Geo-referencing (using on-board navigational information)


By processing the altimetry data using fully-focussed synthetic aperture techniques


HET identifies particles that stop at depths of 1 to 8 μm in the detectors


1U volume is reserved for the payload accommodation


With the current design, however, the expectation is that the Sentinel-6 mission will outperform Jason-2


The simplified model of Jupiter's pole shows that geometric patterns of vortices, like those observed on Jupiter, spontaneously emerge


Xe gas directed to the distribution channel (Anode) Electrons emitted from the cathode, collide with Xe atoms, and ionise them Applied magnetic field, spiral electrons in the thruster channel Electric field accelerate ions out of the channel Ions neutralization at the exit by electrons from the cathode


The new research, published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters


The recently-launched Sentinel-6 is making use of Europe's Galileo as well as the US GPS system


Simultaneously measure sea level from above and at the surface every ten days


With the objective to improve the microphysical and radiative property characterization of clouds and aerosols for model improvement


John Geary, SAO (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory), Cambridge, MA


Aperture diameter of prime mirror 700 mm


The location of these spikes is the same on the ground as in-flight so they can be considered stationary


The assemblage of the SAOCOM 1A satellite was concluded


NASA astronaut Drew Morgan and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Luca Parmitano completed the series with the AMS deemed to be in good health


The post-impact processing activities include collecting, characterizing, and cataloging of the fragments


Designed and developed at ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization)


NESZ (Noise Equivalent Sigma Zero) < -28 dB single and dual pol modes < -34 dB quad pol modes


With an expected operational life of 5.5 years


Were in a favorable observation position behind the Sun at the crucial time


Collectively, these new modes are known as solar conjunction operations


Trigger Board: manages the analog signals coming from the PMTs and generates the trigger signals needed for data acquisition


The surface of the ocean rises and falls naturally, varying as much as 2 to 3 meters in places


A blow-down hydrazine system (four 1 N thrusters


The three-axis attitude control system provides a position accuracy of 10 m


Spacecraft envelope (length x width x height) 670 x 580 x 880 mm


Digital Control Board DCB with (2 MB MRAM)


Four non-coplanar panels with a total area of 10.2 m 2 of solar collecting area


MAGIC will include four Earth observation satellites (2 pairs)


Along with also subsystems and components for two additional instruments: the Particle Environment Package and the Radar for Icy Moon Exploration experiment


DIMAC (Direct-measurement Micro-Accelerometer) tri-axial accelerometer system: true DC to 200 Hz


This distant gamma-ray emission creates a perpetual glow that bathes the Universe


NASA Awards Launch Services Contract for Ionospheric Connection Explorer, Nov. 20, 2014


Retarding voltage sequences are chosen to optimize the sensor performance for the changing conditions expected in the ionosphere over a substantial part of a solar cycle


The data rate is variable depending on the number of satellites tracked and the sampling rate


Ministers back ESA's bold ambitions for space with record 17% rise.” European Space Agency


Authors: Patrick Michel, Michael Kueppers, Holger Sierks, Ian Carnelli, Andy F. Cheng, Karim Mellab, Mikael Granvik, Antti Kestilä, Tomas Kohout, Karri Muinonen, Antti Näsilä, AnttiPenttila, Tuomas Tikka, Paolo Tortora, Valérie Ciarletti, Alain Hérique, Naomi Murdoch, Erik Asphaug, Andy Rivkin, Olivier Barnouin, Adriano Campo Bagatin, Petr Pravec, Derek C. Richardson, Stephen R.Schwartz, Kleomenis Tsiganis, Stephan Ulamec, Ozgür Karatekin


The Venµs mission has been carried out in the frame of French-Israeli cooperation


This was very close, and we were immensely relieved to get the spacecraft out of this ‘near-death’ experience


All scientific data recorded during this ToO has now been made publicly available from the INTEGRAL Science Data Center at Geneva


The Israel Space Agency FP7 & GMES Initial Operation Symposium," Lisbon, Portugal, May 25-27, 2011


The critical Launch and Early Orbit Phase went smoothly and is now complete


NanoRacks' proven success in smallsat deployments, having deployed more than 230 satellites to date


The corona probably fades into the solar wind between 14 million and 56 million kilometers away from the sun


The downlink data modulation is bi-phase shift keyed (BPSK)


NASA Non-destructive infrared analysis of samples


The SEB board is internally composed of: a front-end, TCXO (Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator) local oscillator direct connected to the front-end, the FPGA, the Soft-CPU, some mass memory, Flash, SDRAM and SRAM


INTEGRAL has a large number of on-board autonomous functionalities


ESA’s 4.5 m antenna in New Norcia, Western Australia


MightySat is a long-term, multi-mission, small satellite program (started in 1994)


"You get pluses moving differently than minuses," said co-author Brian Harding, a physicist at University of California, Berkeley. "That's an electric current."


What emerged from the analysis were bands of magnetized activity that propagate slowly across the Sun


The 240 kg Zhurong rover successfully landed in Utopia Planitia on May 14


Results in an information transfer delay ranging from several minutes to dozens of minutes


The spacecraft is in constant communication with ground via the RLSA, streaming images back to Earth at 3 Mbit/s


TopSAR narrow swath 150 or 176 km (SP/DP) 109 or 110 km (QP)


Deployment of three CubeSats from the from the J-SSOD deployer of the Space Station on Nov. 19, 2013


The two anode lines include a single DXFC (Digital Xenon Flow Controller)


The rover, due to be named through a public vote and subsequent committee decision, has a design lifetime of around 90 Earth days


On 27 January, ESA along with Sentinel-6's key partners, including Airbus, Thales Alenia Space, EUMETSAT, NASA, French Space Agency CNES and NOAA, completed the satellite's ‘in-orbit verification phase'


Now it is about 378 million km away from Earth


Muralikrishna Nallamothu, David Gerhardt, Drew Turner, "The Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment (CSSWE) - Command & Data Handling," 2010 Summer CubeSat Developer's Workshop, Logan,Utah, August 8, 2010


Clearings form where drier air sinks (downwelling)


The spacecraft battery is operating with very low charge


The optical design results in 95% of the energy from a star being distributed over an area at the focal plane of approximately seven pixels in diameter


The REM (Radiation Environment Measurement Unit) has been lately introduced as experimental payload and placed, outside, on the front panel


Attitude determination is provided with a star tracker and an interferometric fiber optic gyro, attitude control (actuation) uses three orthogonal reaction wheels. Secondary control may be achieved with three torque rods


MIGHTI observes the red-line (O(1D)@630.0 nm) at heights near the peak in the ionospheric density (200-300 km altitude) and the green-line (O(1S) @ 557.7 nm) at the base of the thermosphere (~100 km altitude)


SIMBA (Sun-Earth Imbalance), a 3U CubeSat mission led by the Royal Meteorological Institute Belgium


Their research was recently published in the Astronomical Journal


Jason-3 will keep measuring sea level height from the interleaved orbit


The PICASSO consortium includes three European partners: BIRA, AAC Clyde-Space Ltd., VTT, CSL


Zhurong alone has obtained about 10 GB of primary data


Clouds and aerosols play an important role in direct and indirect radiative forcing of the Earth's energy budget


Median rate 8/10 for both one or two spacecraft missions


Discovered in the constellation of Vulpecula


The objective to provide a low-cost and a quick-response time approach to space


Firstly, AMICal Sat will observe auroras using nadir pointing, i.e. by determining the centre of the Earth to map and link the geographical position of the auroral oval and its internal structures with solar activity. Secondly, the CubeSat will perform image capture ‘in limbo’ through tangential orientation with the Earth to capture the vertical profile of the auroras and match an altitude to their various emissions


The detection task has three sub-tasks beginning with foam panel preparation where loose fragments and fragments embedded on the surfaces of the panels are collected and stored. Once panel preparation is completed, the panels are X-ray imaged. After the X-ray images are acquired, they are post-processed to detect other embedded fragments


Counteract forces on the spacecraft, including the gentle shove from the Sun’s light


Scott Bolton, principal investigator of Juno at the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio


SAFI is bonded to the solar panel, it has a thickness of <0.25 mm


LTAN (Local Time on Ascending Node) at 6:00 hours


A nominal unit (H-polarization) and a redundant unit (V-polarization)


Copernicus is the biggest provider of Earth observation data in the world


Occur to some extent in all longitudes within ±40° geographic latitude


The S/C has deployable solar arrays (Si) with 2-axis articulation


The spacecraft, consisting of an orbiter, a lander and a rover, entered the parking orbit of Mars on Feb. 24


The TET radiator is the only thermal interface to space


MIOSat: An Italian Low-Cost Technological / Scientific Microsatellite,” Proceedings of the 59th IAC (International Astronautical Congress), Glasgow, Scotland, UK, Sept. 29 to Oct. 3, 2008


The wind suddenly changes its character at a distance of around 10 solar radii


Funding was granted for such a demonstration from both NASA/HQ and NASA/ARC


The goal of the experimental optical communications system OSIRIS is to demonstrate technologies enabling high-rate data links with up to 10 Gbit/s


Even with conservative estimates of DART’s momentum transfer


The achromatic half wave plate (component 5 in Figure 6) allows for a brighter, stabler and more compact design than those previously considered


Spectral resolution 85.4 cm -1 (1.7 nm @ 450 nm)


FOV (Field of View) ± 43º along track; ± 51º cross track


The GT is able to report the off-Sun pointing error to an accuracy of 0.4 arcsec


The Sentinel-6 Space Segment consists of two successive Jason-CS satellites (A and B)


Magnetic coil springs accelerate particles on the Sun


Raw data spectra around the energies of two 60Fe lines in one-INTEGRAL-orbit observations (3 days)


The subsystem electronics utilises the majority of AeroCube-10 designs with minor modifications


"Observatories Assemble: NASA's Juno Spacecraft Joins Japan's Hisaki Satellite and W. M. Keck Observatory to Solve "Energy Crisis" on Jupiter," NASA Feature, 4 August 2021


Centralized onboard data handling is provided by a 10 MIPS T805 microprocessor


The TNS program consists of two spacecraft: TNS-0 and TNS-1


DigitalGlobe, a Maxar Technologies company headquartered in Westminster, Colorado, has five very high-resolution Earth imaging satellites (GeoEye-1, WorldView-1, WorldView-2, WorldView-3, WorldView-4)


The antenna itself is mounted almost isostatically to the Payload main panel


Flight Dynamics and Ground Station Teams at ESA's ESOC mission control


The innermost belt begins about 400 miles from the surface of Earth


An approximate size of 25 cm x 20 cm x 10 cm


The MIGSI aperture must be located on the ram face of the spacecraft


Tianwen-1, meaning ‘questions to heaven’, is taken from the name of a long-form poem by Qu Yuan


Jupiter is portrayed as a complex, gigantic, turbulent world, with Earth-sized polar cyclones, plunging storm systems


Typically 1 minute summaries (or 5 minute in the case of SECCHI)


Even stranger than the energetic radiation coming from the center of distant galaxies are the flashes of extremely powerful radiation that suddenly appear somewhere in the gamma sky and disappear again after a short time


Each instrument has primary POCs located at their home institutions, which also have access to the STEREO instrument command and telemetry servers


Orbit: Sun-synchronous circular dawn-dusk orbit


The motherboard provides command and data handling using a pluggable 16 bit MSP430F2618 low-power microcontroller (PPM A3)


A Li-ion, 520 Wh, battery is providing the energy in the eclipse phase or during peak power demands


There is increasing evidence that such planets are common around red dwarfs


The spacecraft is three-access stabilized to better than 9 milliarcseconds, 3σ over 15 minutes


Data that could be correlated with data from the platform housekeeping sensors


"3 weeks of science data," CU-Boulder, October 26, 2012


Four fine-guidance sensors, one in each corner


The spacecraft have left the spacecraft with a generous supply of fuel, with an ~60 m/s ΔV capacity


Successful Deployment of SpooQy-1 from Kibo!, JAXA, 18 June 2019, URL: http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/kuoa/news/190618_SpooQy.html


The blue cloud is the Io plasma torus, which is a region of higher concentration of ions and electrons


The instrument a geometric factor of 0.52 sr cm2


The satellites will measure their distance to the ocean surface with an accuracy of a few centimeters


Skimming to within 5,000 km above the planet's cloud tops


The role of the UNM (University of New Mexico) team is to be integrators of the CubeSat


The ETWA is identified by enhancements in the thermospheric neutral temperature and neutral densities


The scientific program was focussed on 4 major tasks


GSD at 500 km altitude (raw image) ~3.5 m


A new satellite destined to be Europe’s prime mission for monitoring and tracking carbon dioxide emissions from human activity


SORTIE ground station will be located at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility (WFF)


STEREO Watches Comet ATLAS as Solar Orbiter Crosses Its Tail,” NASA Feature, 5 June 2020


Kepler-1658 b is actually a hot Jupiter-like planet


Since May 12, Kepler has been on its 18th observation campaign


The Myriade microsatellite series of CNES


Bad weather in space can hinder or damage satellite operations, and communication and navigation systems, as well as cause power-grid outages leading to tremendous socioeconomic losses


Characterization of the properties of breakup fragments down to 2 mm in size


The next science flyby takes place on April 10, 2020


On September 27, 2014, the STEREO Behind spacecraft began one of the test sequences


Ran out of fuel needed for further science operations in 2018


The device is capable of providing average (on the field of view) accuracy and precision of an order of 1 arcminute


Example of sea-surface height measurements processed by the ESA Level-2 Ground Prototype Processor showing Low Resolution Mode


The proximity of Didymos to Earth at the time of the 2022 impact


The instrument provides a large IFOV (resolved in-ecliptic and in polar angles)


On Sept. 25, the YES2 (Young Engineers' Satellite-2) experiment was activated


STX (S-band Transmitter) for high data-rate payload data downlink


The Russian Space Agency, Roskosmos, is responsible for the spacecraft


The SpooQySat mission has the goal of demonstrating SPEQS producing and detecting entangled photons in-orbit


China's Mars rover travels 585 meters on red planet


The two receiver/transmitter pairs can be switched to the omnidirectional low gain antenna system or the high gain antenna


The C&DH subsystem is the intelligence unit of the autonomous nanosatellite. It controls and communicates with all the subsystems on board collecting the science and housekeeping data


SDSC (Satish Dhawan Space Center) SHAR (main launch center of ISRO on the south-east coast of India, Sriharikota)


Red dwarfs, the most common type of star, keep burning until they have transformed all their hydrogen into helium, turning into a white dwarf


3 white light images at 3 different polarization angles


The MMFU is a standalone solid mass memory based on SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) technology


The collision between Iridium 33 and Cosmos 2251 in 2009


The GEOSAT mission was originally managed by the Office of Naval Research (ONR)


Every 10 days, Sentinel-6 provides sufficient measurements to map the sea-surface height of the ocean from which sea-level rise can be computed


About 10 times stronger than the strongest magnetic field found on Earth


Discovered a potentially habitable, Earth-sized world


The booster — reused from three previous missions — separated and flipped around to begin thrusting back toward Cape Canaveral


The subsystem also provides for dual-band (X- and Ka-band) Doppler tracking for gravity science at Jupiter


The bus is modular and an agile platform


Number of holes 1 / 100 (enhanced configuration)


"CU Students to Build Tiny Spacecraft to Observe 'Space Weather' Environment," December 29, 2009


Integral’s thrusters are (normally) fired, stopping it going into a spin


Telescopes and Spacecraft Join Forces to Probe Deep into Jupiter's Atmosphere," NASA Feature, 7 May 2020


Beneath the weather layer, the planet rotates nearly as a rigid body


ICON EUV measures several different wavelengths in the extreme-UV range


Each impact event record stores time of impact and output from two coarse sun sensors


Designed and built by VKI (Von Karman Institute)


The Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite is the first of two identical satellites


Clyde Space is constructing a Ground Station (GS) at its new headquarters in the centre of Glasgow, Scotland


Neutron stars in binary star systems, however, can reverse this trend and speed up with the help from the companion star


Scientists can use more than 80% of the time spent in the orbit for scientific observations above an altitude of 60,000 km


Conditions at the time of the Keck II temperature observations could generate a strong aurora on Jupiter


The international partners of the Priroda program were: Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Slovakia, France, Germany, Independent States Community, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and USA


The tether deployed to a minimum of 29.5 km, or more likely to its full length of 31.7 km, at high speed


The MicroSTAR accelerometer has been designed to meet the top-level relative non-gravitational acceleration measurement error requirement


The STEREO Behind spacecraft is currently drifting without power


Gamma rays from these supernova explosions and from newly formed radioactive elements will be registered by INTEGRAL


The Sentinel-6 data products were generated on 5 December


Its north pole is dominated by a central cyclone surrounded by eight circumpolar cyclones


The islands are spread over approximately 3.5 million sq km of ocean, but with a total land area of only 800 km2


By flying so close, we will bring the exploration of Ganymede into the 21st century


The main structure of the spacecraft is a box with dimensions of roughly 1.2 x 1.3 x 1.3 meters, from which other structures extend to result in measurements of roughly 1.8 meters in width, 1.9 meters in length, and 2.6 meters in height


To further develop this approach NASA HQ funded the development and testing of proof-of-concept multichannel photometers based on silicon photodiodes


The seam between the two images is inclined because the plane of Earth’s — and STEREO's — orbit, known as the "ecliptic", is inclined with respect to the sun's axis of rotation


NEXT-C’s propulsion system will be tested on that mission


The mission will enable us to distinguish between natural sources of carbon dioxide and sources that are a result of human activity


In July 2014, the ICON project passed its PDR (Preliminary Design Review)


A voltage level of the power supply battery (+36V and +18V)


Tide Gauges and Satellites agree: Global Mean Sea Level is Rising


Proceedings of the ‘Living Planet Symposium 2016', Prague, Czech Republic, 9–13 May 2016


A Compact Multispectral Imager for the MANTIS Mission 12U CubeSat


Features such as the hold phase (gravity gradient tension)


Hera’s measuring of the libration can be used to constrain the asteroid’s deflection


TechEdSat-3, a 3U CubeSat of NASA/ARC (Ames Research Center)


The flow of gas and its crashing upon the neutron star surface releases much energy in the form of X-ray and gamma radiation


Zhurong had been stationed atop a landing platform since its successful May 14 entry, descent and landing


The basic design of one of the two MIGHTI optical units is shown in Figure 38


The stepper motor, included in this system, is identified as the mission critical part


An onboard data storage capacity of 2 Gbit


The spacecraft (instrument line of sight) can not point to sources which are closer than 50º to the sun and to the anti-sun during nominal lifetime, 60º if eclipse seasons and extended lifetime


Unrequired subsystems removed (such as fine pointing ADCS and camera)


The Poseidon-4 radar altimeter has evolved significantly from the Poseidon-3A and -3B instruments on board Jason-2 and -3, respectively


The collision itself takes place in late 2022


Parallel and perpendicular plasma drifts geometry


A half-duplex UHF transceiver combined with deployable canted turnstile UHF antennas used for both uplink and downlink


A solid section in one panel provides enhanced radiation protection for VISION


For cylindrical and spherical probes, the collection current changes with applied bias with respect to the plasma potential


ESA and Airbus Defence and Space signed a contract to develop the Jason-CS / Sentinel-6A satellite mission for Europe's Copernicus program


As an undergraduate I interned at LLNL (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) in northern California


DART is a NASA space probe with the goal to demonstrate the kinetic effects of crashing an impactor spacecraft into an asteroid moon for planetary defense purposes


Dedicated metal ring elements are installed inside the tank to control the gas bubble of the pressurant during the mission


Tianwen-1 is China’s first Mars exploration mission with an orbiter, a lander and a rover named Zhurong


Qarman CubeSat: falling into a fireball," ESA / Enabling & Support / Space Engineering & Technology, 10 February 2020


Resulting in a total of 84 data channels


TESS will search nearly the entire sky for planets outside our solar system


February 20, 2020: Just over six weeks after launch


China launched Tianwen 1, the country's first independent Mars mission, on July 23


The rover will have cameras, instruments for studying Mars’ climate and geology, and even an instrument to zap rocks and record the resulting chemical signatures


Center Frequency Knowledge ±20 MHz ±20 MHz ±50 MHz


One of the biggest challenge is handling and working with fragments in the 2 mm range


With pledges made at COP26 to cut greenhouse gas emissions


Telescopes as small as 1 meter in aperture can obtain useful data


CHRIS imager records 15 m resolution scenes


Design of the Heliospheric Imager for the STEREO mission


Iridium PRIME space vehicles will each be equipped with four inter-satellite links


The discovery of Rossby-like waves on the Sun could be important for the prediction of solar storms


The PLC software is composed of the following modules: Main software process SLP control and processing VISION control and processing GPS interface OBC interface STX control and processing


By tracking these clumps, scientists were able to reconstruct the motion of the solar wind


Three hours after launch, the CSSWE nanosatellite was deployed from its P-POD


Juno's Magnetometer instrument is a flux gate type magnetometer, which measures the strength and direction of Jupiter's magnetic field lines


Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 163, No. 2, Rome, Italy, (2017)


The Scientific mission (defined above) which will last 2.5 years


From where the satellite is also being controlled


The globe depicts sea surface height anomalies


Fine spectroscopy over the entire energy range permits spectral features to be uniquely identified and line profiles to be determined for physical studies of the source region


NEXT-C is being prepared for the DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) Mission, which will launch next year


Triple junction AsGa solar cells are used with an efficiency of 26%


Space weather satellite ICON on course for summer 2017 launch


CQT and SpeQtral have signed an agreement allowing SpeQtral to manage ongoing operations


In this case, it is called a recurrence network


The Svalbard Satellite Station sits on the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard


Focal length of optical system 650 mm for VNIR, 190 mm for TIR


Iron-60 provides the entry into studying neutron capture in stars through contemporaneous radioactivity


October 20, 2003: INTEGRAL, ESA's powerful gamma-ray space telescope, has discovered what seems to be a new class of astronomical objects


The mission can be performed near or below station orbit


52nd session of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee


Interplanetary space at Earth’s orbit has about a thousand times fewer particles in one cubic inch of space than the best laboratory vacuum on Earth


The setup allows validation of the autonomous attitude control software and hardware for all phases of the mission


The spectral characteristics of MOMS-2P optical module were identical to those of MOMS-02


Currently the facility has three sizes of interchangeable barrels: 84 mm , 102 mm, and 203 mm


Dave Latham (a senior astronomer at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and co-author on the paper)


The ACS has a lower energy threshold of 50-150 keV


The first-ever mission to demonstrate an asteroid deflection technique for planetary defense


The radiation is caused by hot plasma moving along the constantly swirling and changing magnetic field lines in the Sun's atmosphere


ASAT weapons can only DESTROY an adversary's satellites


Will use a 20 cm aperture Ritchey-Chretien telescope


ESA's mission control team handed over command and control of the satellite to EUMETSAT – Europe's weather and climate satellite organization


Joined the A-train of NASA flying with Aqua, CALIPSO, CloudSat, and Aura


The main purpose of the observations has been to study the high-energy diffuse background radiation known as 'cosmic X-ray background' (CXB)


VENµS Mission Status," VenµS users meeting, January 2010


Sentinel-6 is a radar altimeter, measuring sea-surface height


FPC (Flight Planning Center) at BATC (Ball Aerospace Technologies Corporation) in Boulder, Colorado


Copernicus Sentinel-6 the gold standard reference mission to take the record of sea-surface height measurements into the future


TeleSupport-2-bis onboard Foton M2,” SSC, URL: http://www.prismasatellites.se/filearchive/3/3615/2005%20tsuengelsk.pdf


An automated imaging system was developed for the size characterization of the debris fragments


Corresponding to a data point every 6.7 km on the surface


These altimetry satellites have been making standardized measurements of the fluctuations of sea level near and far


Intercepting Didymos’ secondary body in late September 2022


There are two aspects to equatorial instability: initial seeding, and subsequent evolution of wave perturbations


The science goals are: Polar and mid-latitude stratospheric ozone vertical profile retrieval (via spectral observation of Sun occultations in the Chappuis band) Upper atmosphere temperature profiling based on the Sun refractive flattening: “Atmospheric Refractivity from Inversion of Dilution.” Full spectral scan observations of nightglows and polar auroras are also foreseen if the dynamic range of the instrument allows it


The primary objective for the FUV imager is to determine daytime thermospheric composition and nighttime ion density


When the spacecraft was 4.3 million km from Jupiter


Initially the CNSA was looking at two possibilities. Those were the Chryse Planitia region, and the Elysium Mons region


Pointing and tracking is accomplished by steering the full satellite


The roll-out solar arrays (ROSA), which are delayed due to supply chain impacts resulting from, but not limited to, the COVID-19 pandemic


INTEGRAL has seen about 100 of the brightest supermassive black holes


An FPGA-based processing architecture has been specifically selected to ensure a system that is more robust to radiation events


The IGRF is a collection of candidate models made by worldwide research teams that describe Earth's magnetic field and track how it changes in time


FWHM (to eliminate unwanted 130.4 nm airglow emissions)


The S-band RF link enables the transmission of roughly 4 Gbit per day


The spacecraft will utilize a CCSDS-compatible S-band telemetry system


On August 20, 2014, Ahead entered the first phase of the solar conjunction period


Trudy E. Bell, Tony Phillips, “A Super Solar Flare,” NASA, May 6, 2008


Proceedings of the 4S (Small Satellites, System & Services) Symposium, Valletta, Malta, May 30-June 3, 2016


An unusual behaviour has been observed on hundreds of pixels, called "radiometric spikes", on each band on VENµS images


The end result is what Price dubbed a temporal map, which layers information from all the images taken at any given moment


The uplink USB unit is in hot backup (dual-redundant)


It acquires images by sweeping out that field while the spacecraft spins to cover an along-scan field of view of 360º


The MOC (Mission Operations Center) located at COSMIAC/UNM (University of New Mexico) in Albuquerque, NM


A blanking capability is part of the baseline design of POS-4


The gain is chosen to optimize the dynamic range and sensitivity of the detector


The data Juno collects will contribute to the goals of the next generation of missions to the Jovian system


Juno's visible-light camera was turned on six days after Juno fired its main engine


The TET payload platform is the sole mechanical and thermal interface between the payload(s) and satellite bus


There is a planned ground outage period of 4 to 6 h


A satellite must be disposed of in such a way that it poses no risk to other satellites in protected orbital regions for more than 25 years


Dynamic range (%) Observation objective 0.402 - 0.422 440 40 Yellow substance, water pollution


Scott Bolton, principal investigator of Juno from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio


On December 13, 2012, the CSSWE nanosatellite was 3 months on orbit


In-situ ion-drift and plasma density measurements with spatial resolution < 100km


This system will be based on the GNC of Chang’e-4, which autonomously achieved the first landing on the far side of the moon in 2019


IHET will be operated in each orbit until the spacecraft reaches the new VM3 orbit at a nominal altitude of 410 km


Named after the Chinese polymath, astronomer and pioneering seismologist Zhang Heng (CE 78–139)


Rather, solar flares and CMEs appear to be separate phenomena, both resulting from relatively rapid changes in the magnetic structure of the solar atmosphere


The larger one is the landing platform, and the smaller one is the Zhurong Mars rover


These Jovian hot spots are associated with breaks in the planet's cloud deck


The current instrument shielding has been shown in GEANT4 to stop all electrons with energies < 10 MeV


They can lead to solar storms on Earth, which endanger, for example, satellites


Sea surface temperatures in November in the eastern tropical Pacific ranged from 0.7 to 1.2 degrees Celsius below the long-term average


CINEMA (CubeSat for Ions, Neutrals, Electrons, & MAgnetic fields) UCB (University of California, Berkeley) 3U


This modularity is achieved by standardisation of interfaces between subsystems and within them


PARASOL was moved to a lower orbit (3.9 km below the orbit of the A-train) at 12:48 UT on December 2, 2009


The comet follows an orbit that takes it past the Sun approximately every 6,000 years


The overall objective to survey ocean resources (ocean color and sea surface temperature) and monitoring the environment


Measurements made since the mission's launch on Oct. 10, 2019


This is the first time that a spacecraft's orbit is being adjusted, after 12 years in space


In November 2014, NASA has officially confirmed the ICON mission, clearing it to move forward into the development phase


It takes images mainly when Juno is very close to Jupiter, with a maximum resolution of up to 2 to 3 km per pixel


All payload data are downlinked in X-band


This direction is remarkably aligned with the inner jets of the Crab


The lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling is a complex subject involving many physical effects and interactions that occur from the Earth surface up to the magnetosphere


The 12 reaction control system thrusters


The two intensified CCD detectors capture the images of OI and N2 light


A worst case deployment accuracy of better than 3% was predicted


The IMPACT investigation science focuses on the magnetic connections to the sun and topology of interplanetary CME-related interplanetary disturbances, and the energetic particles that precede and accompany these disturbances as they move toward Earth


A mission duration of at least four years


The contribution of the mission promise to be compelling (mean grade 8/10)


The launch of CartoSat-2A took place on April 28, 2008


The objective is to assess the refracted Sun shape in order to retrieve stratospheric and mesospheric temperature profiles by inverting the ray-tracing problem. Full spectral scan observations of nightglows and polar auroras are also foreseen if the dynamic range of the instrument allows it


The orbit during the scientific observation stage is a polar elliptical orbit (265 km x 12,000 km)


The emissions of extreme ultraviolet light (at a wavelength of 304 Å) clearly show a helical motion of the plasma flows


Most seafloor mapping is a tedious process that has been carried out over a 30-year period by research vessels equipped with single or multibeam echo sounders


LICIACube is a part of Double Asteroid Redirection Test mission


Mode 1 consists of a hexagonal pattern around the nominal target location


Those stars that rotate once around their own axis within 20 to 30 days


Planets around even cooler stars known as red dwarfs, which smoulder at roughly a third of our Sun’s temperature


It features a total of nine standard desktop computer consoles


Electrons with energies up to tens of MeV are stably trapped within the geomagnetic field


Which will enable the demonstration of advanced future services such as VDES (VHF Data Exchange System) message reception


The TSU ground station is located at ESRANGE, Kiruna, Sweden


LTDN (Local Time on Descending Node): 10:30 hours