STEREO had unique perspectives of a powerful CME on July 23, 2012


Gaia provided information about the amount of energy that falls on a planet from its host star


And heavier ions from about 2 to 30 MeV/nucleon


The AMR receivers look at a warm load at ambient temperature (~200 K)


The DAQ accomplishes the following functionalities: acquisition of trigger signal from PMT/Trigger board, management of hybrid circuits on the silicon planes, acquisition of silicon planes data, computing of PMTs data and silicon planes data, data compression, transmission of scientific data on the scientific data link


Some of this material splits up into electrically charged ions and electrons


The new launcher had crucially returned to flight in December 2019, having been grounded for more than 900 days following a 2017 failure


A launch of IMS-1 as a secondary payload on a PSLV vehicle (PSLV-C9) took place on April 28, 2008


Iridium PRIME can support up to 100 percent global coverage


The PARASOL spacecraft reached its final 705 km orbit


The JunoCam imager aboard NASA's Juno spacecraft captured this image of Jupiter's southern equatorial region on Sept. 1, 2017


Spectral separation is realized using the wedge filter technique


DART is needed because there are key unanswered questions about the kinetic impactor technique and because it, like the other primary strategies for asteroid deflection, requires some level of validation and demonstration before it is considered viable for implementation in the event of an impact emergency


The system has a repeatability of about 1.5%


COTS (Commercial-of-the-Shelf) hardware is used


The Tianwen-1 spacecraft is developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC)


Mir station complex reentry March 21, 2001


The SAA is going through some change in morphology


Each fragment is given a unique identification number


The rover can communicate with Earth directly, or with the Tianwen-1 orbiter


The 3U Cubesat features deployable solar arrays, which double as a solar heat shield. A second deployable heat shield will block earth's infrared radiation. Active doors will expose the cryogenic oxygen tank to space during eclipse phases.


The RTAFSAT-1 (Royal Thai Air Force Satellite-1) mission


The operational plan for exiting the solar conjunction testing will continue to return the Behind observatory back to nominal science data collection


Iridium PRIME, with its global coverage approach, can support a variety of potential missions including: Earth observation Terrestrial and space weather Scientific missions Climate monitoring Advanced broadband services Automatic identification services Inter-satellite control and data links Cosmic observatory missions Space situational awareness Prototype demonstrations


UF database plans to include single-tagged fragments ≥2mm in maximum dimension, original locations within panels, material, shape, mass, volume, CS area, characteristic length, and multiple photos


"Close collaboration in optical communication between space and Earth," DLR, April 16, 2014


The upcoming Parker Solar Probe will fly through this riotous torrent as the first spacecraft ever designed to “touch” the Sun


Which will eventually reduce uncertainties in estimates of emissions of carbon dioxide from the combustion of fossil fuel


This subsystem is designed to turn the secondary mirror every 5-10 days


The SCS only calibrates the AMR receivers, not HRMR


Creating a pair of three-to-two resonances


All of the spacecraft's science instruments will be gathering data during the upcoming flyby


The ICON EUV features an enclosed aluminum structural cavity


The majority of chemical elements are built inside stars from raw ingredients present during star formation from an interstellar gas cloud


The optical power in the range of a few 100 pW is expected


The GNSS-RO measurements will provide information on atmospheric pressure, temperature and water vapor as well as ionospheric data


At a distance of more than 170 million light years


The region of space controlled by the planet's magnetic field


The SpooQy-1 3U CubeSat was deployed from the ISS on June 17, 2018


The 12U spacecraft platform contained within the Space Segment


ESA set a new record for speed and accuracy with the INTEGRAL Burst Alert System on 3 December 2003 when a burst was detected, localized and astronomers were alerted in 18 seconds


The DRDO's Ballistic Missile Defence interceptor was used, which is part of the ongoing ballistic missile defence program


The QARMAN CubeSat was launched as a secondary payload on the SpX CRS-19 (Commercial Resupply-19) Dragon mission to the ISS


CartoSat-2A is a follow-up optical imaging mission of CartoSat-2 (launch Jan. 10, 2007)


We could take images up to a distance of 57 m


It will take eight minutes for communications signals to travel each way


India has undertaken 102 spacecraft missions


India's spy satellite to be launched in April


The science goals of the CSSWE mission are to study: How flare location, magnitude, and frequency relate to the timing, duration, and energy spectrum of SEPs reaching Earth How the energy spectrum of radiation belt electrons evolve and how this evolution relates to the acceleration mechanism


Spectral range 0.45-0.85 µm (panchromatic)


In line with Satellogic's NewSats already in orbit


The JunoCam images used for this animation were taken from altitudes of about 18,000 miles (28,567 kilometers) above Jupiter's cloud tops


Spektr Spektr Spektr Matrix Spectrometer Zwet 1.5-3.3 µm


The AVANTI experiment represents the inflight technological demonstration of one of the OOS (On-Orbit Servicing) essential enabling technologies


A boundary where the magnetic orientation, or polarity, of the electrified solar wind changes directions


The middle planet's orbit has become more aligned, leading to a stronger transit signal


Will maintain this altitude for one year


INTEGRAL was launched on 17 October 2002


The radio signals used for communication and navigation must propagate through the ionosphere


A Systematic Approach to the Precision Orbit Determination of the GEOSAT Exact Repeat Mission Utilizing TRANET Doppler Data


The photo was taken about 2.2 million kilometers (1.4 million miles) from Mars


The C3D instrument uses 3 CMOS detectors with a mass of 200 g


With an objective aperture diameter of 0.25 m


K2-155 that is around 200 light years away from Earth, has three transiting super-Earths


When solar material streams strikes Earth's magnetosphere, it can become trapped and held in two donut-shaped belts around the planet called the Van Allen Belts


The spectrum extends up to energies of at least 150 keV


Thales Alenia Space in France and their partner Orbital Sciences Corporation in the United States are currently in the process of manufacturing eighty-one space vehicles for Iridium NEXT


Mars Express and ExoMars TGO are at the forefront of the international fleet investigating the Red Planet


The second experiment (OWLS- BER) established a closed loop link from the OBC to itself within its SPI bus (Motorola)


The primary objective of the SpooQy-1 mission is to produce and characterize entangled photon pairs in space


The Progress M-52 automatically docked to the aft port of the Zvezda service module of the ISS on March 2, 2005


The primary altimeter mission supported by the other instruments takes priority in all design and mission planning


ESA’s ESTEC testing facilities in the Netherlands – the largest satellite test facility in Europe


S/C bus size 785 mm in diameter and 1032 mm in height


It is currently only suitable to detect planets with rather short orbital periods


REPTile: A Miniaturized Detector for a CubeSat Mission to Measure Relativistic Particles in Near-Earth Space


Time of eclipse entry to warn instruments before being switched off during eclipse


The specification is 0.1 arcsec (3σ) about each of three axes


MDA (Missile Defense Agency) Technology Program - TechUpdate


The reflectors are passive with a mass of 1.76 kg


Validation will be demonstrated for some mission enhancement operations


“Picasso CubeSat,” ESA, January 28, 2015


Juno receives the signal only when Jupiter's rotation sweeps that cone over the spacecraft


RhI is the MIOSat mission manager (prime contractor)


They’re pushing the boundary of how we use solar data to understand the interior of the sun and where the magnetic field of the sun comes from


RAIDS (Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System) instrument of NRL and The Aerospace Corporation


Enable a downlink of up to 204 MB/day when required


The burn will impart a mean change in velocity of 1,212 mph (542 meters a second) on the spacecraft


India already implements a number of Transparency and Confidence Building Measures(TCBMs) – including registering space objects with the UN register, prelaunch notifications, measures in harmony with the UN Space Mitigation Guidelines, participation in Inter Agency Space Debris Coordination (IADC) activities with regard to space debris management, undertaking SOPA (Space Object Proximity Awareness and COLA (Collision Avoidance) Analysis and numerous international cooperation activities, including hosting the UN affiliated Center for Space and Science Technology Education in Asia and Pacific. India has been participating in all sessions of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. India supported UNGA resolution 69/32 on No First Placement of Weapons on Outer Space


The data will be stored by the OBDH and downlinked after the end of each experimental run during the following orbits in S-band


With an equal number of candidates awaiting confirmation


Previous estimates of the frequency, also known as the occurrence rate, of such planets ignored the relationship between the star's temperature and the kinds of light given off by the star and absorbed by the planet


Kepler-47d's equilibrium temperature is roughly 50ºF (10ºC)


China's first independent probe to Mars that was launched in July. 2020


Recorded the 10.205 kbit/s telemetry stream


JIRAM was designed to capture the infrared light emerging from deep inside Jupiter, probing the weather layer down to 30 to 45 miles (50 to 70 km) below Jupiter's cloud tops


Close to 3,000 fragments have been verified


The solar surface, which chills at a mere 5,500° C


There are an estimated ~6700 PHAs at diameter ~140 m or larger


The closest likely to be about 20 light-years from us


Ganymede is the only moon in the solar system with its own magnetosphere


NGGM (P2) will weight more than 80% on the combined gravity retrieval


India has no intention of entering into an arms race in outer space. We have always maintained that space must be used only for peaceful purposes


L. Frulla, "L-band SAR SAOCOM Mission and SIASGE System


End of PARASOL mission: On December 18, 2013


In late 2019, the Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute, a subsidiary of CASC, stated that the performance and control of the future spacecraft's propulsion system has been verified


These extensions are valid for the following four years


The re-entry of Qarman has been delayed because the sun is experiencing an unexpected less active phase called ‘solar minimum'


Where a rocky planet could support liquid water


A narrow linewidth NPRO laser at 1064 nm wavelength


The planet is three times larger, revealing that Kepler-1658 b is actually a hot Jupiter-like planet


The algorithms filtered out light and adjusted brightness


The three observatories provided a 360º view of the Sun


CartoSat-2A will also play a major role in rural and urban infrastructure development work


March 17, 2020: After undergoing a series of performance and environmental tests


NASA anticipates that the spacecraft will soon run out of fuel


The satellite’s Burst Alert System software package – operated by the the Integral Science Data Centre in Geneva


The total mass of the minisatellite is 123.7 kg


NASA's DART spacecraft is due to collide with the smaller body of the Didymos binary asteroid system in October 2022


Larger amounts of material could be ejected from the impact than the previous estimates predicted


Typically, a 10° pointing error is well tolerated along with 1° pointing knowledge


During certain parts of its orbit, ICON passes through GOLD's field of view


Determine the properties of those stars that harbor planetary systems


The nanosatellite uses a MSP430 microcontroller for the COMM and C&DH subsystems


The measurement accuracy in range of the instrument is ~ 10 cm


The overall gain set to a value controlled by the voltage applied across it


Image resolution is about 0.6 miles (1 km) per pixel


For the first 3 months after launch, the observatories will fly in highly elliptical orbits called “phasing orbits”


Once per month, a cold sky calibration is expected to be executed


Each OBC side is composed by three main sub units: TTR (M) [Telemetry, Telecommand, Reconfiguration and mass memory] providing TM/TC handling, failure handlings, Timing and Synchronization and a small Mass Memory. Processor module based on SPARC ERC32, providing computation, Watch Dog Timer and communication via MIL and SpW buses


Active Region 2882, shown here near the middle of the Sun’s disk, erupted with a moderate level solar flare


The CartoSat-2A spacecraft and its payload are operating nominally in 2012


DART’s impact at a speed of around 24,000 km/h could completely deform Dimorphos


Designed and built by VKI (Von Karman Institute), Brussels, Belgium


The emulated components were based on existing designs of flight hardware, including dimensions, materials, and connection mechanisms


Recent data shows the anomaly's valley, or region of minimum field strength, has split into two lobes


The reset line event causes a couple of hours of lost data, but it only happens every month or so


The noise signals are coupled at the receiver input using a directional coupler


Open Cosmos will provide the design, manufacturing, testing, launch and operation of the mission


Deep space missions like Kepler are nowhere near Earth or sensitive environments, which means we can afford to squeeze every last drop of data from the spacecraft


TET-1 has been orbiting Earth since 2012


Earth's magnetic field acts like a protective shield around the planet


Now, with the ability to compare visible-light images from Hubble with thermal infrared images from Gemini


This is achieved by utilising next generation high efficiency solar cells and bi-fold solar panels


Oliver Price, a planetary science Ph.D. student at University College London’s Mullard Space Science Laboratory in the United Kingdom


McNaught belongs to a rarefied group of comets, dubbed the Great Comets


Kunimoto was able to observe thousands of known Kepler planets using the transit-method


Combines lessons learned from the successful 5+ year C/NOFS PLP mission and from the development of the SPLP (SSAEM Planar Langmuir Probe) instrument for the operational FormoSat-7/COSMIC-2 satellite constellation


A second gauge next to that depicts the dramatic increase in temperature


The integration time for each pointing on the raster varies from 1800 to 3600 seconds


The large difference in the vertical and horizontal curvature of the grating (toroidal design)


09 (camera geometric mean of in- and cross-track) SNR


Being designed, built and managed by the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory


Mission costs could be reduced if photometer was placed in a solar orbit rather than a Lagrange orbit


India launches EMISAT intelligence-gathering satellite and 28 CubeSats


They include a 0.95 m aperture fused-silica Schmidt corrector plate


The NEXT-C flight thruster is mounted within a thermal shroud in one of NASA Glenn’s vacuum chambers


The outer shield is encased in an aluminum (Z=13) outer shield


Field of View As needed for sensors 180º


The project decided to delay the PRM maneuver at least one orbit


Since November 16, 2011, PARASOL was placed 9.5 km under the A-train


Since 1 October, after an extended checkout, its instruments are back observing the high energy Universe


The overall objectives were: provision of a dense global grid of altimeter data for Navy use in the areas of geodesy (Earth's gravitational models), the study of fronts and eddies, winds, waves and ice topography, and physical oceanography


On Aug. 21, 2016, contact was reestablished with one of NASA's Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatories, known as the STEREO-B spacecraft


Require the spacecraft surface to probe area ratio to be above 10000


Multitemporal registration better than 3 m


The spacecraft is 3-axis stabilized using high torque reaction wheels, magnetic torquers, and hydrazine thrusters


Scott Bolton, Juno principal investigator from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio


TT&C uplink data rates: 2 kbit/s, 64 kbit/s


These first data were presented today, by way of three main images, at the European Space Week


EUMETSAT is the system authority and is responsible for the Sentinel-6 ground segment development and operations preparation


The qualification flight of Biopan on Foton-8


The collaborative high precision ocean altimetry Jason-CS/Sentinel-6 mission, involving also ESA, the European Union through its Copernicus program, and the United States, through NASA and NOAA


30 October 2020, URL: https://www.asi.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/MAGIC_NGGM_MCDO_MRD_v1_0-signed2.pdf


The launch of SAOCOM-1B is scheduled for 2019


Juno's June 7, 2021, flyby of the icy moon


To place the 28 international customer satellites


The nanosatellite features a 3U CubeSat form factor design


MAG data indicates the magnetic field greatly exceeded expectations at 7.766 Gauss


These small and dim stars require planets to orbit extremely close to be within that zone


Patrick Blau, “HTV-4 Cargo Manifest,” Spaceflight 101, URL: http://www.spaceflight101.com/htv-4-cargo-manifest.html


The core elements of the satellite are installed in the bus section


December 7, 2016: Conclusion of the AVANTI experiment


The PAN camera of CartoSat-2A was switched on for the first time on April 30, 2008


Juno scientists were able to measure velocity changes as small 0.01 millimeter per second


The Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich ocean observation satellite lifted off on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 4E at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California at 9:17 a.m. PST (12:17 p.m. EST) Saturday, Nov. 21, 2020


The companion star providing matter to the accreting compact remnant is a bright and massive star (either an O or B star, a Be star or a blue supergiant)


Centered approximately 60º from the spacecraft-sun line


Proceedings of the Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VII, San Diego, CA


ESA's INTEGRAL space observatory, together with NASA's Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer spacecraft, has found a fast-spinning pulsar in the process of devouring its companion


During earlier flybys on Dec. 26, 2019, the solar-powered orbiter came within 62,000 miles (100,000 km)


A standard 3U CubeSat structure of size 30 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm


Scott Bolton, principal investigator of Juno


Instead, the measured value soars to around 800º Fahrenheit (426º Celsius)


The first science results of CSSWE were presented by Xinlin Li, the PI of the CSSWE Project


The Jovian weather layer, from its very top to a depth of 3,000 km, contains about one percent of Jupiter's mass (about 3 Earth masses)


March 26, 2019: Astronomers at The University of Texas at Austin, in partnership with Google, have used artificial intelligence (AI) to uncover two more hidden planets in the Kepler space telescope archive


Away from the magnetic equator the upward drift induces diffusive motions parallel to the magnetic field and transport away from the magnetic equator that can locally increase the plasma density


Using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, Soderberg and her team saw that the X-ray brightness of the afterglow was about one thousand times fainter than that of typical distant GRBs


Its constellation of 150 Earth-imaging spacecraft


Copernicus program has launched an initiative to support the stocktaking exercise with a new observation-based service to monitor CO2 emissions resulting from human activities


ESA’s 4.5-meter antenna in New Norcia, Western Australia


An angular momentum storage capacity of 12 Nms


Perform successfully a last autonomous approach from 3 km to only 30 m in two days


VENµS unique characteristics: frequent observations at high resolution with constant viewing angles


Two independent satellites operating at an altitude of 1330 km


Juno will avoid Jupiter's highest radiation regions by approaching over the north, dropping to an altitude below the planet's radiation belts – which are analogous to Earth's Van Allen belts, but far more deadly – and then exiting over the south


A new instrument: IHET (Israeli Hall Effect Thruster)


For the first time, they have seen the entire mechanism at work: The electrically charged atoms, or ions, responsible for the X-rays are "surfing" electromagnetic waves in Jupiter's magnetic field down into the gas giant's atmosphere


Terrabotics (London, UK), a satellite data analytics company in the natural resources sector with a specific focus on the oil & gas industry, will be the primary client of the MANTIS mission


Thomas Immel, principal investigator and a scientist at the University of California, Berkeley


Developed by CSUG (University of Grenoble Alpes, France) and MSU-SINP (Lomonosov Moscow State University-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russia)


Tianwen-1 is scheduled to arrive at Mars next February after a seven-month voyage


With a time resolution of about one minute


Sentinel-6 delivers simultaneous conventional low-resolution mode measurements, as well as the improved performance of the synthetic aperture radar processing that yields high-resolution along-track measurements


Follow-up observations using ground-based telescopes, including the Subaru Telescope in Hawaii and the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) in Spain


In September 2009, PARASOL was already preparing to lower its orbit because of depleted propellant resources


By utilization of new results from the Van Allen Probes, it is expected that there will be new advances in understanding of the coupling of solar generated variability in radiation, fields, and particles


The Dark Energy Camera at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile


Why the corona is so much hotter than the solar surface


Analyzing data from NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, mission and ESA's (European Space Agency) Swarm satellites


Kretschmer and his collaborators used the SPI (SPectrometer on INTEGRAL) instrument


This change in binary orbit period can be measured within a week given expected observing conditions


Researchers developed a miniaturized source of quantum entanglement that measures only 20 by 10 cm


SASSI (Student Aerothermal Spectrometer Satellite of Illinois and Indiana)


Scientists have wondered about the origin of Jupiter's lightning


The FireBird mission - a scientific mission for Earth observation and hot spot detection


Four fine guidance sensor CCDs are mounted to the scientific focal plane at the four corners


Stripmap SP: HH or HV or VH or VV DP: HH/HV or VV/VH QP: HH/HV/VH/VV > 40 km > 40 km > 20 km


The CubeSat was supported by the DLR Space Administration


A cylindrical lens images the energy onto the detector array


AIS (Automatic Identification System) ship tracking operated by exactEarth


The general objective to study the Earth's atmosphere. Of particular interest in this study is the role of clouds and aerosols (fine particles in suspension in the air) in climate mechanisms


Tianwen-1 became the first Chinese mission to enter orbit around Mars


Proceedings of ISRSE (36th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment), Berlin, Germany, May 11-15, 2015


PI: Jean-Louis H. Bougeret of CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) Observatory of Paris


HET also uses the solid-state detector, dE/dx vs. E-approach, but in a six-detector, more traditional linear arrangement designed to measure protons and helium ions to 100 MeV/nucleon and energetic electrons to 5 MeV


Integral carries a suite of four instruments


The observatory's complementary instruments allowed the strength of both X-rays and gamma rays to be measured simultaneously


This transient activity, which lasts only a few hours


The agencies requested industry to investigate the possibility of operating both SAR and pulse-width limited modes at the same time


GHGSat monitors industries' greenhouse gas (GHG) and air quality gas (AQG) emissions


NRL Miniature SGLS Transponder Launched on MIGHTYSAT II.1


The data is high quality and very rich in information for YES2


The Integral Flight Control Team in Germany


The EIA has been extensively studied using observations from a varied array of platforms ranging from ground-based ionosonde and GPS data, to on-orbit in-situ plasma sensors and remote sensing sensors such as Far Ultraviolet (FUV) imagers and GPS radio occultation


All in Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest


Scientists at the University of Aarhus lead the Kepler Asteroseismic Science Consortium


Decision Analysis for Design Trades for A Combined Scientific-Technological Mission Orbit on Venus Micro Satellite


At the time of Juno's closest approach to Ganymede – during the mission's 34th trip around Jupiter – the spacecraft was within 645 miles (1,038 km) of the moon's surface


The Areas of Interest (AOIs) targeted by the mission have been defined considering the regions of highest activity in the natural resources sector


After the power supply system is turned on, the radio beacon of the COSPAS system operates as far as to the full discharge of a half the battery that has been dedicated for its supply (approximately 48 hours)


The FSS is mounted on the Sun pointing face of the satellite


The performance along the three axes can even be pushed closer to the 10^-13 m/s^2/Hz^1/2 noise floor


From there we think it will take about six months to reenter the atmosphere


Almost all off-nadir Doppler beams will be useable


Focal plane assembly: Four detector units


The SAR will be able to operate in stripmap imaging mode, with a swath width larger than of 40 km


Communications will immediately be established between ICON and the UCB MOC using TDRSS


The extended mission involves 42 additional orbits, including close passes of Jupiter's north polar cyclones; flybys of Ganymede, Europa, and Io; as well as the first extensive exploration of the faint rings encircling the planet


The changing SAA provides researchers new opportunities to understand Earth's core, and how its dynamics influence other aspects of the Earth system


The temporal maps meant Price could watch the striations form over time


The source detected by LIGO released a huge amount of energy in gravitational waves


The data Kepler collected over the course of more than nine years in operation


The 10th Vega launcher orbited 2 satellites from the Guiana Space Centre on the night of 1/2 August


Each of the ICP's four electronics boards is assembled at the SSL (Space Sciences Laboratory)


Probing the weather layer down to 30 to 45 miles (50 to 70 km) below Jupiter's cloud tops


During imaging or X-band data transmissions phases, the satellite is steered to nadir pointing


NRL's MIGHTI Slated for Launch on ICON Mission


The Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI)


ESA's Hera mission will then perform follow-up post-impact observations


To provide all weather, day/night polarimetric L-band SAR observations


ICON will compare the impacts of these two drivers as they exert change on the space environment that surrounds us


The main component of the lander's propulsion system consists of a single engine that provides 7500 newtons of thrust


The cons of the Open Burst transmission vs the Closed Burst are: that the data volume and the power demand is increased and it is needed to vary the PRF (Pulse Repetition Frequency) around the orbit


NASA JPL manages the Juno mission for the principal investigator, Scott Bolton, of the Southwest Research Institute


One antenna is mounted in zenith direction (GNSS-RO-PA), one in flight (GNSS-RO fore antenna) and one in anti-flight direction (GNSS-RO aft antenna)


The HY-1 payload data are being acquired at the Beijing and the Sanya ground receiving stations


We have a healthy spacecraft that is performing its mission admirably


FOR (Field of Regard) ±25º in along-track or cross-track


Zhurong rover rolls onto Martian surface a week after landing


Plasma density enhancement in the topside ionosphere


The tape recorder allows a maximum tape capacity of 48 GByte


The same tests will be performed on STEREO-Behind from Sept. 29 – Oct. 6, 2014


Emitting anywhere from hundreds to thousands of gigawatts of ultraviolet light into space


Mode 2 consists of a square pattern around the nominal target location


OBDH redundancy is also managed autonomously by hardware watchdog implemented in the reconfiguration logic


The meeting focused on satellite resources to monitor carbon dioxide and methane


The other 21 modules are used for science observing


Two helium check valves that play an important role in the firing of the spacecraft's main engine did not operate as expected


India's space capabilities do not threaten any country


The limits on tracking rates for the James Webb Space Telescope allow observations 6 weeks before and after the nominal impact date


The solar cells are linked in 2 serial and 3 parallel (2s3p) and or 2 serial and 4 parallel (2s4p) configurations


The specification requires to limit this rotation effect on the footprint to about 0.1 pixels


The stream of Copernicus Sentinel-6 high-resolution data are now available


When the Star Tracker is offline, the spacecraft will automatically turn on the IMU to provide rotational rate information


Called AMR-C (Advanced Microwave Radiometer-C) of JPL


DFHSat is a division of CAST with the mandate and responsibility of small satellite technology introduction for a variety of applications (remote sensing, science/exploration missions, communications)


The massive cyclones that surround Jupiter's north and south poles are enduring atmospheric features and unlike anything else encountered in our solar system


"These particles are intimately associated with the magnetic field, which guides their motions," said Shri Kanekal, a researcher in the Heliospheric Physics Laboratory at NASA Goddard


The instruments form a so-called “train of satellites,” all in the same orbits and in a PM sequence (a loosely-coupled constellation)


The delay of its one-way communication was around 21 minutes


DLR fire detection satellite BIROS successfully releases BEESAT-4 picosatellite into space


February 18 2005: Astrophysicists from the MPE (Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik) in Garching near Munich measured the strongest burst from a magnetar


Light reflected by the steering mirror passes through a 6 mm x 32 mm entrance slit


<0.4 m in the range direction (vertical)


CryoCube-1. A 3U CubeSat developed at NASA/KSC


The communication quality during the arbitrary point of time will be defined by the relative positioning of the TNS-0 and satellites of the GlobalStar system (relative orientation of velocity vectors) which will set a direction of antenna patterns and values of Doppler frequency shift


A huge Long March 5 rocket will send the Chinese spacecraft on a journey for about seven months


The brighter star is about half as massive and large as the Sun


Each system enabled so far operates within the expected performance or better


Learn to maneuver the four-ton satellite using its highly sensitive reaction wheels alone


Each spacecraft has a third command workstation, one that is remotely located in a separate building on the APL campus


Its implementation is the result of an exceptional cooperation between the European Commission ESA, Eumetsat, NASA and NOAA, with support from the CNES French space agency


Juno's Microwave Radiometer (MWR) observes Jupiter from above using six antennas that measure atmospheric temperature at multiple depths simultaneously


Fotino lands in its own parachute at 10m/s


NASA retired the space telescope in 2018


China has selected two preliminary areas on Mars for what will be the country’s first landing attempt at landing on another planet, to take place in early 2021


The Kepler team has placed the spacecraft in a stable, no-fuel-use sleep mode


The robotic arm will position the Dragon spacecraft on the station’s Harmony module


ICCD camera adapted to a UV-visible spectrometer, Controller per ICCD for trigger control, SRS delay generator, 3 m optical fiber, 2 camera assemblies


This was done between the end of October and the beginning of November


ICON selected to be NASA's next Explorer Mission," UCB/SSL, April 12, 2013, URL: https://icon.ssl.berkeley.edu/News/Blog/archive/4-2013


IMU data (100 Hz) are provided to the flight algorithms


The Tianwen-1 probe, however, weighs about five tons


A Ritchey-Chretien telescope with a clear aperture of 165 mm


The hexagonal arrangement of the cyclones


XMM-Newton observed Jupiter continuously for 26 hours


The aperture plane serves as the reference ground for the sensors and ensures that all external fields are uniform and normal to the entrance aperture


A typical satellite pass is 8 minutes long


Provides a rotary output with fully characterized torque, speed, and current relationships


Observations of the target are needed 24 hours per day, something which NASA’s Deep Space Network cannot provide on its own


HI-1: 98 mm EFL (Effective Focal Length)


The interferometer is an innovative solid block design


The HY-1B spacecraft is operational in 2012


Ganymede is bigger than the planet Mercury


The atmosphere it was plunging into was much denser and hotter than scientists expected


Each spacecraft will host the Miniature Ionization Gauge Space Instrument (MIGSI), Planar Ion Probe (PIP), and the Compact Total Electron Content Sensor – Aerospace (CTECS-A)


Each spacecraft has a mass of about 620 kg (wet)


The hosting agreement will reference a Hosted Payload Mission Specification that documents how the SV accommodations and ground systems comply with the requirements of the customer's mission requirements document


The SORTIE nanosatellite was launched on the SpX CRS-19 (Commercial Resupply-19) Dragon mission to the ISS on Thursday, 5 December 2019


Measurement of the distribution functions of solar wind protons and alpha particles (providing density, velocity, kinetic temperature and its anisotropy), with a time resolution of about one minute. The SW sector also provides, on at least five minute resolution, the elemental composition, charge state distribution, kinetic temperature, and velocity of the more abundant solar wind heavy ions (e.g., C, O, Ne, Mg, Si, and Fe)


Voice coils embedded into the solar panels represent the MTQ. These devices generate a magnetic dipole that interacts with the Earth’s magnetic field


The Mx data is compressed at a ratio of 3.4:1


The region illustrated covers a horizontal span one-third greater than that of the continental United States


The PLASTIC Wide Angle Partition measures the distribution functions of suprathermal ions H through Fe


An examination of the Figures 2 and 3 indicates the data gathering and analysis procedure that must be followed to establish the dominant mechanisms for production of plasma density perturbations


Two Li-ion batteries have a storage capacity of 14.8 Whr


Special and general software: RTOS as a low level function and RTOS is a standardized function may be implemented


A verification step has been implemented


Proceedings of the 29th European Microwave Conference, Munich, Germany, Oct. 5-7, 1999


Zhurong has worked very well and its power generation and data transmission were "satisfactory"


Data from the coarse sun sensors is used to help determine attitude of the spacecraft


Signal transmission HH or VV polarization


Satellite pointing knowledge ~ 10 arcsec


Tianwen-1 equipped with a total 13 scientific payloads


The solar-powered spacecraft's flyby will yield insights into the moon's ice shell


SkySat-3, an imaging minisatellite of Terra Bella of Mountain View, CA, USA


We could redistribute the angular momentum stored onboard the satellite using two different reaction wheels spinning in opposing directions, causing the spacecraft to flip


The size limits for the catalogued objects are about 10 cm in LEO and about 1 m in the geosynchronous region


Planet’s First Launch of 2020: 26 SuperDoves on a Vega


The devices have an inherently high emission current capability


The scale of a solar tsunami is so staggering that solar physicists doubted their senses in the past when observing such an event. It rose up higher than Earth itself and rippled out from a central point in a circular pattern millions of kilometers in circumference


This all-sky image was obtained by ESA's INTEGRAL gamma-ray observatory during four years of operations


Placed in mildly eccentric orbits at inclinations of 62.8º


3 filters measure the linear polarization of the incoming radiation in three directions separated by 120º


The European Space Agency has agreed to provide communications time for Tianwen 1 on its own worldwide network of deep space tracking stations


The recovery took just a couple of hours


The OBC is based on Leon processor with EDAC protected data and program memory


The 3U Cubesat features deployable solar arrays, which double as a solar heat shield


Gamma rays are highly energetic radiation emitted by some of the most extreme objects in our Universe


MIGHTI makes two perpendicular line-of-sight wind measurements of the same air volume less than 8 minutes apart


The actuators devoted to lateral/cross-track drag compensation and attitude control are proportional cold gas thrusters


The CartoSat-2A spacecraft is operating nominally in 2010


Level-3 products, mass transport estimates for different areas and scales


The SORTIE spacecraft has sufficient power and telemetry budgets to measure the plasma drifts and densities with a 100% duty cycle


The impact of the ~560 kg DART spacecraft


On March 16, 2020, Arianespace suspended all launch campaigns


Uses a complementary radio with a 10 W amplifier


MANTIS will be a demonstration mission to jointly develop, build, launch and operate an innovative nanosatellite platform, carrying a high resolution Earth observation camera


The objective of the CSES mission is to study the ionospheric disturbances induced by seismic activity and earthquake preparation mechanisms


The rover Zhurong drove down from its landing platform to the Martian surface on May 22


Just a tenth as bright as all the stars in the night sky


India's test of a satellite kill vehicle shattered the mission's target, named Microsat-R


"China's first electromagnetic satellite bears fruitful results," China Daily, 30 November 2019, URL: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201911/30/WS5de27b7ca310cf3e3557b227.html


Detector 4 k linear CCD array with a pixel size of 7 µm x 7 µm


Average Power 2.73 to 3.5 W (Payloads only)


NanoRacks has completed their first CubeSat deployment mission


Seven of Juno's eight science instruments will be on and collecting data during the flyby


The MOMS-2P source data (along with housekeeping and navigation data) are recorded onto an onboard tape recorder


Instrument type Externally occulted coronagraph


VENµS is a research demonstrator mission for the GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) program


An attitude determination system (onboard the OBC) with 3 magnetorquers for 3-axis detumbling


This image was acquired on Nov. 26, 2016 at a distance of 67 m from the BEESAT-4 CubeSat


The nugget (6) and charred bent plate (7) are 3-D


The second is a planar IDM (Ion Drift Meter), which measures the arrival angle of the thermal plasma with respect to the look direction in two mutually perpendicular planes that are approximately in the local vertical and the local horizontal


This represented essentially a reflight of the Foton-M1 payload


On 7 March 2013, communication with CSSWE was lost


The science objectives of the internationally provided experiments on Priroda were to support the research program


PCB (Printed Circuit Board) size 95 mm x 95 mm


Because INTEGRAL kept monitoring the AT2018cow explosion over a longer period of time


Hisaki has observed the aurora-generating magnetic field around Jupiter since the mission's launch in 2013


The MIGHTI instrument consists of two sensor units


QARMAN design will indeed make it through the reentry phase


Will expose payloads with horizon-to-horizon fields of regard


The objective is to raise the technology readiness level of the new uncooled detector and carbon nanotube source from level 5 to 6


The Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center has carried out repeated drills for various systems to support the launch


The AVANTI experiment (Autonomous Visual Approach Navigation and Target Identification) is intended to demonstrate how a satellite can detect a spacecraft in space and approach it autonomously


An onboard data storage capacity of 30 GByte is provided


INTEGRAL, ESA's powerful gamma-ray space telescope, has discovered what seems to be a new class of astronomical objects. These are binary systems, probably including a black hole or a neutron star, embedded in a thick cocoon of cold gas


China’s successful launch of Tianwen-1 Mars mission marks steady progress in exploring the outer space


The new analysis accounts for these relationships


Using long-proven technologies on a spinning spacecraft placed in an elliptical polar orbit


Maximizing microgravity conditions (as low as 10-5 g)


PARASOL - Parasol effect and greenhouse effect,” CNES Dossier, Nov. 2004


CanX-2, SEEDS-2, Delfi-C3, COMPASS-1, AAUSat-2, and NTS


The angular position of STEREO-B was directly over the blast site while STEREO-A was stationed at right angles


Neutrinos are nearly massless, ‘ghostly’ particles that travel essentially unhindered through space at close to the speed of light


The prime STEREO mission was designed for two years of operations, observing the sun and the space environment around it


The PS4 will fly with solar panels for the first time


LTDN (Local Time on Descending Node) at 14 hours


The overall package is co-funded by the EU and ESA Member States


Juno's orbital period around Jupiter from 53.4 to 14 days


Determining the radial velocity from about 2 Rsun (from center of sun) to Earth


This beacon will be initiated no later than 36 hours after launch


Provides a 50% margin on the sensitivity requirement


On the outbound leg of its initial 53.5-day capture orbit


The size of the payload envelope is: 61 cm x 61 cm x 46 cm


An unregulated power bus is used (bus voltage range of 25-32.8 VDC)


Sudden particle emissions, in which our star repeatedly hurls large amounts of charged and uncharged particles into space


Signals at two distinct frequencies (Ku-band and C-band)


Some theoretical models propose that an exploding white dwarf—a star that has exhausted its nuclear fuel—hits a neighboring star to cause a supernova


The thruster was put through vibration, thermal vacuum and performance tests


The Navy GEOSAT Mission Radar Altimeter Satellite Program


Juno scientists then translate the radio emission detected to a frequency within the audible range of the human ear


Back thinned CCD array from SITe, 1024 x 1024 pixels


So bright it was visible to the naked eye even during the day


The ICON mission was launched on 11 October 2019 (02:00 UTC)


Estimated field of view (FOV) of 140 degrees


OBC for Technological Nanosatellite Platform


The tracking data offer no evidence that Fotino remained in orbit around the Earth


When the DART mission ends with its impact in 2022


ICON will be making observations over the next two years


The goal for this receiver is ≤ 0.1 °C of variation over an orbit


MightySat mission operations are conducted by SMC/TEO at Kirtland AFB


Both of which can control either or both motors in the Standard Dual Drive Actuator (SDDA)


After turning off the payload on October 11


November 2, 2020: China's Mars probe Tianwen-1 conducted its third orbital correction


JIRAM will be able to probe the atmosphere down to 50 to 70 km below the cloud tops


Successful re-entry of H-II Transfer Vehicle “KOUNOTORI4” (HTV4),” JAXA Press release, Sept. 7, 2013


The new world, known as K2-288Bb, could be rocky or could be a gas-rich planet similar to Neptune


This attitude is maintained at all times except during instrument- and antenna-calibration maneuvers and during propulsive maneuvers


Pictures of the Sun’s atmosphere produced by a special telescope that blocks out light from the bright solar disk


Jupiter lightning distribution is inside out relative to Earth


Solar flares are associated with large energy releases ranging from 10^22 J for sub-flares, to more than 10^32 J for the largest flares


China launched its Mars probe, Tianwen-1, on July 23, 2020


With Juno traveling low over Jupiter's cloud deck at about 130,000 mph (209,000 km/h)


A 6U CubeSat of USU (Utah State University), Logan, UT


Uguisu, Raavana 1, and NepaliSat 1 are 1U CubeSats developed by student and research teams in Japan, Sri Lanka and Nepal under the auspices of the international Birds program


The solar panels will feature a custom string configuration


Measurement range 0.2 - 60 W/cm 2 / nm/sr


The ERM mission started officially on Nov. 8, 1986


The DebriSat project is a collaboration among NASA, the USAF (U.S. Air Force), The Aerospace Corporation, and the University of Florida


A 350 V bias is also provided to each REPTile detector


AMR-H receiver thermal stability can be kept to less than 0.04ºC/min during an orbit


Powerful Thruster Is Prepared for Demonstration Mission to Asteroid,” NASA Feature, 17 March 2020


IceCube-170922A event, recorded on 22 September 2017


Launched on August 2, 2017, in French Guyana


Thermal Modelling of ESA Second Young Engineers Satellite


The total satellite launch mass was 1,327 kg


The general program time is open to the whole science community


Thomas Immel, ICON principal investigator at University of California, Berkeley


This particular trailing formation is required for 12 months


Data rate of the onboard tape recorder of 100 Mbit/s


The STEREO ground system is segmented into several distinct network “zones”


Pointing stability required 1.5 arcsec over pB sequence (17 s)


Safely setting down the solar powered Zhurong rover on the surface of Mars


”STEREO-B Status Update,” NASA, 4 January 2019


The SAA causes "blips" on GEDI's detectors and resets the instrument's power boards about once a month


Only about 40% percent of the estimated population of large near Earth asteroids has been discovered


MOMSNAV: Location of the Russian Space Station Mir with Differential GPS


This titanium box — about the size of an SUV's trunk


It passed all in-flight tests successfully


The IDM (Ion Drift Meter) is a planar sensor that presents a square aperture to the incoming plasma stream


During operations will process data from the DORIS (Doppler-Orbitography-and-Radiopositioning-Integrated-by-Satellite) payload and provide precise orbits


Orbit tracking data are also provided by a GPS receiver


The orbiter is equipped with seven instruments


Sentinel-6 flying 30 seconds behind its predecessor satellite, Jason-3


1 Mbit/s downlink for payload/experiment data


This titanium box encloses Juno's command and data handling box (the spacecraft's brain), power and data distribution unit (its heart) and about 20 other electronic assemblies


Field-aligned plasma motions induced by neutral winds may move the plasma parallel to the magnetic field, either toward the pole or toward the equator


At a relative velocity of 41,600 mph (67,000 km/h)


ICON is the first space mission to simultaneously retrieve all of the properties of the system that both influence and result from the dynamical and chemical coupling of the atmosphere and ionosphere


In front of each detector, the unit is a field stop


The mission will monitor more than 100,000 stars for patterns of transits with a differential photometric precision of 20 ppm at V = 12 for a 6.5 hour transit


The SAOCOM requirements call for a capability to provide timely information in support of natural and anthropogenic disaster management (such as regional flooding, volcanic eruptions, Earth quakes, land slides, forest fires, etc.), and to conduct monitoring services for agriculture, mining and ocean applications


"The critical Launch and Early Orbit Phase went smoothly and is now complete, and we are thrilled to pass on this mission to our friends at EUMETSAT, who will distribute its data on Earth's changing oceans," explains Simon Plum, ESA's Head of Mission Operations


Acquire the GNSS signals and computes the real-time navigation solutions


The signal to noise ratio is the greater 3dB


NASA’s Moon to Mars Space Weather Office at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland


June 27, 2021: China has released landing process footage from its Zhurong rover as well as video and sounds of the vehicle roving on Mars


The neutron star spins almost every two hours


It has a peak of power consumption of about 900 W


The CubeSat structure is made of Aluminum 6061-T6


Measures elemental composition of He-Fe ions over the energy range of about 30 keV/nucleon to 2 MeV/nucleon


They have very violent winds, reaching, in some cases, speeds as great as 350 km/h


"Since its first orbit in 2016, Juno has delivered one revelation after another about the inner workings of this massive gas giant," said principal investigator Scott Bolton of the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio


The mass of each lens assembly is only 266 g


Hypatia is equipped with sub-meter multispectral and 30 m hyperspectral cameras


Both the rover and orbiter are working in normal conditions


The supernova was first spotted on 16 June 2018 with the ATLAS telescope


It is assembled with two independent, cold redundant branches


Proceedings of the 58th IAC (International Astronautical Congress), International Space Expo, Hyderabad, India, Sept


The spacecraft features a tilting capability of ±30º in cross-track or along-track direction


First discovered by Hubble's Faint Object Camera in 1994


EMISAT is a minisatellite with a mass of 436 kg


They gradually slow down after a few hundred thousand years


The MANTIS mission has successfully completed its Preliminary Design Review (PDR) milestone


With the 80º direction perpendicular to the ecliptic


The EUVI design uses a small Ritchey-Chretien telescope


Local crossing at 11:15 on a descending node


Despite being approximately 6.8 million miles away from Earth at the time of impact


A complementary radio with a 10W amplifier


The ARGON experiment, which scientists successfully completed in 2012


M. Kruiff, “YES2 SpaceMail, Technical Summary,” March 10, 2006


As the winds expanded upwards into thinner atmospheric layers, they began moving faster


Its companion is about one-third the Sun's mass and size


Li-ion battery with a capacity of 1450 mAh


Comments and corrections to this article are always welcome for further updates (eoportal@symbios.space)


Tantalum is used because it strikes a balance between stopping power and relatively low secondary particle generation


The inner, middle, and outer planets are 3.1, 7.0, and 4.7 times the size of the Earth


ICON selected to be NASA's next Explorer Mission," UCB/SSL, April 12, 2013


On July 27 2020, the Tianwen-1 probe captured an image of the Earth and the Moon


SORTIE will provide (a) the initial spectrum of wave perturbations which are the starting point for the RT calculation; (b) measured electric fields which determine the magnitude of the RT growth rate near the region where EPBs are generated; (c) initial observations of irregularities in plasma density which result from RT growth


Through a single command from the user in the graphical user interface (Figure 5), images from each elevation are acquired, the turntable is incremented to the next azimuth, and the process is repeated until images from all azimuth positions are acquired


Originally funded for a five-year mission


Another six months will be necessary to validate and release the highest accuracy sea level products used for climate monitoring


A large amount of the surrounding material was falling into the black hole at once, temporarily increasing the accretion rate of disc material towards the black hole


The 28 international customer satellites have a total mass of 220 kg


The EPS generates electrical power in sunlight by operating the 17.5m2 body mounted solar array at its maximum power point. It can provide nearly 5.5 kW at BOL (Begin Of Life)


Two deployable steel-tape monopole antennas


The entire formation flying guidance, navigation, control subsystem and GPS receiver is part of the EPB (Electronic Public Box) of the main platform


Recorded the brightness fluctuations of approximately 150,000 main sequence stars


Students are monitoring incoming CSSWE data from a ground station at LASP


The spacecraft has in addition a software based onboard monitoring and action routine. Any onboard generated telemetry can be monitored, and in case a pre-set threshold is passed three consecutive times the defined action will be invoked


The first sign that this magnetar had entered a new active burst state came early on Thursday 22 January


India's ASAT missile test, codenamed "Mission Shakti"


A collimator is used to provide OSIRIS with collimated light


The distance between Mars and the Earth exceeds 50 million kilometers at the closest and reaches 400 million kilometers at the farthest


KBOM is the Design Bureau of General Machine-Building, Moscow, Russia


The SIT geometric factor allows study of even small SEP events


The STEREO Behind spacecraft began one of the test sequences that had already been carried out on Ahead


Airbus Defence and Space as the prime contractor to develop and construct the two new satellites in Friedrichshafen, Germany


The MLI (Multi-Layer Isolation) isolates the satellite from the space environment


Jonathan Fortney, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA


MIGHTI, which tracks red and green oxygen airglow to measure how the neutral atmosphere moves


The Great Red Spot – the long-lived atmospheric anticyclone just south of Jupiter's equator – is drifting westward


A separate dedicated network, known as the Science DMZ, supports instrument POCs located at APL


Detection is provided with a CMOS/APS (Active Pixel Sensor) area device


A payload data processing chain was implemented with custom developed Java software


The mission’s ESA Project Manager, Valerie Fernandez


The small BEESAT-4 acts as an 'inactive' satellite in the experiment


This expansion tasks Juno with becoming an explorer of the full Jovian system – Jupiter and its rings and moons


"NanoRacks Completes First CubeSat Mission on India's PSLV"


The EPS uses of a fixed solar array with triple-junction solar cells


The SDDA power is supplied separately from the rest of the instrument


NEXT-C is a next-generation solar electric propulsion system


GOMX-4A, a 6U CubeSat built at GOMSpace for the Danish Ministry of Defence


The spacecraft kept spinning at an average rate of about 17 degrees per minute


Data exchange is done with an X-band and an S-band systems located on the nadir panel


The target of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C is critical


Larger dust grains like those in McNaught’s tail — about 100 times bigger than the dust seen ejected from around Jupiter and Saturn


Duty cycle 15% (about 15 minutes per orbit, depending on selected datatakes modes datarate and available ground stations)


Four operating modes are available to vary on command the spectral and spatial imagery resolutions, respectively: 512 x 512, 512 x 1024, and 1024 x 1024


The QARMAN project, funded by the European Space Agency, started in 2013


iSIM170 is designed for the 50-100 kg microsatellite platforms


HI-1 looks at the inner heliosphere to within 3.28º of the sun with an opening angle of 20º


The spacecraft moved about 1300 m higher in its orbit when the Fotino capsule was cut free from its tether, as expected for a 30 km tether


With approximately 50 times the sensitivity of previous instruments


STEREO Solar Conjunction, NASA/GSFC, July 3, 2014


INTEGRAL was launched to study the most energetic phenomena in the universe


Wide panels were placed horizontally and vertically Narrow panels were placed at 45deg


Racing over its roiling atmosphere from pole to pole in less than three hours


Adding to the spacecraft’s growing bounty of 2,650 confirmed planets


97.3% of the slewing maneuvers executed as planned


Maximizing valuable science return for the subsequent seven to eight years


The electric propulsion targets the asteroid flyby and provides flexibility in launch options


The coronagraph is sensitive enough to image the corona in great detail


When the origin of a neutrino cannot be robustly identified by IceCube, like in this case, multi-wavelength observations are required to investigate its source


The electron temperature and S/C potential are retrieved from the retardation region


Further research is required to determine what the average thickness of the CFRP fragments are


The brightest of the thin bands and neighboring dark regions scene in the image are linked to dust generated by two of Jupiter's small moons, Metis and Adrastea


They have collectively accumulated a data record that is longer than the seasonal, yearly, and even decadal cycles


"These cyclones are new weather phenomena that have not been seen or predicted before,"


Juno has executed over 2 million commands


YES2 given green light for launch,” ESA, June 25, 2007


Along-track stereo imagery is obtained with the center lens (ch. 5) and two tilted (forward and backward) lenses (ch. 6 and ch.7)


Copernicus’ proposed service will offer observation-based information to make the assessments more comprehensive and consistent worldwide


To extend the PICOSAT1.1 mission life (to about a week)


The team will begin its 19th observation campaign on August 6


Nanjing, the capital city of east China's Jiangsu Province


The inclination (the angle compared with Earth's equator) also changes drastically during the 5 years


Falcon-9's first stage returned to land at SpaceX's Landing Zone 4 (LZ-4) at Vandenberg Air Force Base


The satellite used was an Indian satellite named Microsat-R


The key characteristics of the MANTIS 12U platform


Juno's MWR data also shows that the belts and zones undergo a transition around 40 miles (65 km) beneath Jupiter's water clouds


After successful space qualification with the qualification model including thermal vacuum test, radiation test and vibration test


The design of the Tianwen 1 mission gave Chinese officials flexibility on when to schedule the landing


The first is a ‘camera-like' image from Sentinel-2


For the wind measurement, MIGHTI uses an interferometric technique


There is still much that is unknown about Kepler-1649c, including its atmosphere, which could affect the planet's temperature


13th Annual CubeSat Developer's Workshop San Luis Obispo, CA, USA, April20-22, 2016


The SAR will be able to operate in stripmap imaging mode, as well as in TOPSAR (Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans SAR) mode


NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission is the world’s first full-scale planetary defense test against potential asteroid impacts on Earth


The resulting spot on the sensor is defocused to a diameter of ~d/2


The lander carrying the rover touched down in the southern part of Utopia Planitia, a vast plain in the northern hemisphere of Mars, on May 15


In order to enable the ground-based Picosatellite orbit determination, some tracking data of BEESAT-4 have to be collected


Both images were created from data captured on Jan. 11, 2017


Once launched, the CO2M will be the first mission to monitor anthropogenic carbon emissions


Precipitations amounting to no more than 200 mm per year


Providing services in particular to the international partners of the Foton missions


INTEGRAL is designed to survive any 36 h outage period from ground


Juno benefits from advances in solar cell design with modern cells that are 50 percent more efficient and radiation tolerant than silicon cells available for space missions 20 years ago


Now with the supplementary contract also signed, it is full steam ahead for two CO2M satellites


Pressure vessels 310 bar composite over-wrapped pressure vessels


SpaceOps 2013 Workshop, Laurel MD, USA, June 11-13, 2013


The center of the star field must be more than 55º above or below the path of the sun


The Jason-CS program constitutes EUMETSAT's contribution to the Copernicus Sentinel-6 mission to be developed and implemented through a partnership between the EU, ESA, EUMETSAT, NASA, and NOAA


The X-band communication system consists of two hemispherical low-gain antennas, and a gimballed Radial Slot Line Antenna (RLSA) for high-gain communication


The FUV sensor package includes the CCD drivers, the amplifiers, and the A/D converters


The purpose is to "soft catch" fragments after the impact and to protect the chamber


The SOCIT (Satellite Orbital Debris Characterization Impact Test), led to a key laboratory-based dataset used in the development of the current NASA and DoD satellite breakup models


The solar array panels are made of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) facesheets and aluminum honeycomb


The G&C algorithms run in the flight computer at 50 Hz


Giuseppe Sindoni, program manager of the JIRAM instrument for the Italian Space Agency


A high fidelity, six degrees of freedom, spacecraft dynamical model


The SAA is slowly but steadily drifting in a northwesterly direction


The average spacing of the ground-track grid was 4 km


Taking about one hundred million years to complete a revolution


The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission takes us over the Tarawa Atoll in the Republic of Kiribati


Microjet, developed by AIG (Aerospace Innovation GmbH) of Berlin, is a modularly designed propulsion system for Nanosatellites and Microsatellites


The Instrument Control Package - ICP," UCB/SSL, URL: http://dev.icon.ssl.berkeley.edu/Observatory/Instrument-Control-Package


In the past when we had a propulsion system


Only included measurements with uncertainty in the recorded value of less than five percent


"CSSWE - Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment," URL: http://lasp.colorado.edu/home/csswe/overview/


Each experiment lasts approximately 35 minutes


VENµS Products Distribution Server (VPDS), hosted by POSTEL


This images show the measurements performed by the SECCHI/EUVI-instrument onboard STEREO


Learn to maneuver the four-ton satellite


A focal plane assembly with all 21 science modules


Able to generate SAR products in X-band and in L-band


The attitude accuracy is 0.4º in roll and pitch and 0.5º in yaw


Onboard Maneuver Planning for the Autonomous Vision Approach Navigation and Target Identification (AVANTI) experiment within the DLR FireBird mission


CO2M on the shaker at ESA’s Test Centre in the Netherlands


MIGHTI (Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging)


NASA Orbital Debris Quarterly News, Vol. 18, Issue 3, July 2014


Laboratory-based hypervelocity impact experiments on a representative, modern LEO satellite and an upper stage mockup


The download of six megabytes of data collected during the transit can take 1.5 days


Characterization and Testing of an Energetic Particle Telescope for a CubeSat Platform


Transmit the data during its allotted Deep Space Network time, which is scheduled in early August


Providing 600 to 700 kg of US experiments to be installed


Data rate 44 Mbit/s (max), 11 Mbit/s (nominal)


Estimates the toroidal figure of the grating (R=176 mm, ρ=336 mm)


The level 1 product is delivered at 5 m resolution


Pointing accuracy, APE (Absolute Pointing Error) 60 arcsec


UC Berkeley selected to build NASA's next space weather satellite


STE is located just inboard of SWEA on the STEREO boom


The AOCS features star trackers, a GPS receiver and reaction wheels


From the 1960s to the 1980s, both Russia and the United States successfully tested multiple ASAT prototypes


The mission consists of two nearly identical spacecraft


Provides spectral information in one dimension (horizontal)


RF communications (amateur radio links) - 100 mW CW beacon is on 437.250 MHz - 1k2 bps AFSK 800mW AX.25 telemetry downlink on 437


By impacting a spacecraft into the smaller member of the binary asteroid system Didymos


The Priroda module included a payload shroud


His solution was a novel image-processing technique that compiles all the data from different spacecraft using a simulation of the tail


Over the span of the approximately 6 month mission


One of the heat pipes will be an innovative flexible heat pipe made of kapton


The accuracy of the star sensor is < 40 arcsec in all axes


These discharges, which occur in the cold upper reaches of Jupiter's atmosphere


MAPLE sub-experiments explore flight-worthiness, issues associated with low-power, commercial and radiation tolerant microelectronics, advanced microelectronics packaging, MEMS (Micro-Electromechanical Systems) devices, circuits, associated subsystems, and components


Rubin-8-AIS an experimental space technology mission of OHB-System, Bremen, Germany


The two STEREO spacecraft also broadcast continuously a low-rate (~600 bit/s) set of data


The DPU handles several measurements modes


TTU100, a 1U CubeSat developed at the Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia


The magnetic field fluctuates in space and time too


QARMAN is due to be deployed from the International Space Station in 2019


The satellite will orbit some 620 km above the Earth's surface


Spacecraft size 1.6 m x 1.2 m (in stowed configuration)


Magnetometer Orientation from the magnetic field


A Microwave Radiometer to provide the measurement of water vapor necessary to correct the altimeter data


There have been periodic calibrations of the spacecraft thrusters and sensors


They will join their constellation of more than 100 Earth-imaging satellites


Juno is only about one third the way through its primary mission


TESS, NASA's current planet hunting telescope


Jupiter's mass is over 300 times that of Earth


Fine grain size, which is the result of the intense bombardment of charged particles


DART will still arrive at the Didymos binary asteroid system within a few days of the originally scheduled impact date of September 30, 2022


INTEGRAL is sensitive to transient sources of high-energy emission over the whole sky


The REPTile instrument is a loaded-disc collimated telescope designed to measure energetic electrons and protons


CNES (France) is providing expert support to the mission and system development


Juno detected peak rates of four lightning strikes per second


Poseidon-4), to measure the range between the satellite and the mean ocean surface


The vector combination from the two perpendicular lines of sight provides an altitude profile of wind vectors. Temperature measurements are performed coincident with the wind measurements


The satellite used in the mission was one of India's existing satellites operating in LEO (Low Earth Orbit)


They also help us to understand the distribution of electrons raining into Earth's upper atmosphere


The International Space Station (ISS) in which Russia is a full partner


The J2 effect on the relative inclination vector affects only its y-component according to: Δδiy = 3 γ sin2iδix


Status of “On Target Flag”, which relates to the attitude stability


Orbital trajectory of Tianwen-1 around Mars


16 plastic scintillator planes, each of which is 1cm thick


Lake Qinhai is the most suitable site for calibrating thermal infrared bands of various satellite sensors


A solar flare (class M9.3) on 04 August 2011 with associated bright coronal mass ejection has led to IBIS, JEM-X and OMC being in safe mode


Dust in McNaught’s tail — roughly the size of cigarette smoke


DART will be the first spacecraft to fly the new arrays


The diffuse lighting is used to eliminate shadows in the images


BP detections by the STEREO and SDO spacecraft taken around 00:00 UT on 2 February 2011


443 nm 20 nm 444.9 NP nm (highly dynamic range)


The spacecraft's main body measures 3.5 meters tall and 3.5 meters in diameter


K2-293b orbits a star 1,300 light-years away in the constellation Aquarius


The fragments are recorded into the DebriSat Categorization System (DCS) database


To generate and transmit "slow" event trigger signals manipulating the "fast" trigger signals coming from EASIROC


Analysis showed that it clocked in at X28 (estimated)


Copernicus Services help address challenges such as food security, air pollution, rising sea levels, diminishing polar ice, natural disasters and, importantly, climate change


SWAVES uses three mutually orthogonal monopole stacer antenna elements as its prime sensors


Will determine the impact point within ~1 m


The main component of the lander's propulsion system consists of a single engine


The sound of the rover’s departure process comes mainly from the driving mechanism, the friction between the wheels and the ramp, and the friction between the wheels and the ground


The first is a 5 metre diameter dish antenna


RTAFSAT-1 (Royal Thai Air Force Satellite-1) mission, also referred to as NAPA-1, is a 6U CubeSat


Previous laboratory-based hypervelocity impact tests have indicated that when the impact kinetic energy to the target mass ratio (EMR) is 40 J/g or higher


It will complement the high-inclination measurements on Sentinel-3 to obtain high-precision global sea-surface topography


We have started our extended mission and look forward to 42 additional orbits


Which is six times higher than the peak values detected by Voyager 1


A and B satellites are designed for a mission lifetime of 7.5 years


The project started in 2005 with a definition phase of the mission


Information was provided by Michael Ovchinnikov, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Moscow, Russia


The ASAT tests carried out by these countries and India go against the very grain of the Outer Space Treaty of 1967


Singapore UHF ground station on the roof top


The IceCube Collaboration is operated by a team headquartered at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA


For the payload platform, an operational temperature range between -10°C and +30°C is maintained at all times


At the extremity of 20 cm long solar panels deployed perpendicularly to the body of the spacecraft


Among the findings that challenge assumptions are those provided by Juno's imager, JunoCam


The role of INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton in the follow-up of recent gravitational wave detections


Kim Delker, ”COSMIAC’s third CubeSat mission will study ionosphere,” UNM, May 13, 2015


A thin coat of white paint suitable for space applications will be applied over their surface


Overall mission direction will be provided from the Mission Management and Science Offices hosted by the SOC ( Science Operations Center) at NASA/ARC ( Ames Research Center) in Mountain View, California


For hundreds of years, this gaseous giant planet appeared shrouded in colorful bands of clouds extending from dusk to dawn, referred to as zones and belts


ICON – The Ionospheric Connection Explorer


But its origin remains a profound mystery


Two additional deployable solar panels are released by simple passive deployment mechanisms


Any wobble imparted to the asteroid by DART’s collision will not be visible from Earth


The second is a radar image from Sentinel-1


This is strong evidence that the dust is electrically charged, and that the solar wind is affecting the motion of that dust


Towards obtaining operative soil moisture products using SAR data from the SAOCOM mission," URL: http://smap.jpl.nasa.gov/files/smap2/apps_p2_Dadamia.pdf


On 17 August, INTEGRAL, as well as NASA's Fermi satellite recorded a short Gamma-Ray Burst


Aboard a PSLV vehicle of ISRO (PSLV-C34 flight)


At least 24 of them are on a trajectory taking them above the apogee of the International Space Station


IGR J16283-4838 is the seventh so-called ‘highly absorbed’, or hidden neutron star to be identified


SWEA consists of a hemispherical top hat ESA (ElectroStatic Analyzer) that provides a 360º FOV in a plane


More than six months spent carefully calibrating


With a maximum peak of 800 W for a few hours


YES2 Post Flight Analysis Summary,” TN0113, Dec. 12, 2007


Measure something known as the cosmic X-ray background


There is a microsatellite, called HummerSat-1A with a mass of ~ 30 kg


The other two instruments, EUV and FUV, will open their doors around Halloween


The ESA Council at Ministerial Level, which is being held in Lucerne, Switzerland


The pointing accuracy of VISION relative to the sun to be ≤1º


Data from the U.S. Space Surveillance Network, which was tracking Foton-M3 reentry sequence, show that the spacecraft moved about 1300 m higher in its orbit when the Fotino capsule was cut free from its tether


The fire detection and analysis extraction of fire attributes includes: Background classification for threshold adaptation: land, water, clouds, sun glints Hotspot detection (based principally on the BIRD algorithm) Consolidation of hot pixels in hot clusters Extraction of attributes of hot clusters, such as coordinates, FRP (Fire Radiative Power) and, optionally, fire line strength, effective fire temperature and area


Each instrument will collect data in two operating modes: ‘‘burst mode'' and ‘‘survey mode"


Orbiting a moderately hot star around 1,200 light years away


Sentinel-6/Jason-CS satellites are designed to orbit for minimum 5.5 years each


For more than four decades, scientists have used satellite-based instruments known as radar altimeters to monitor ocean surface topography


Artificially focusing the echoes improves the overall SNR


With a spatial resolution of 14 miles (23 km) per pixel


Is compatible with a wide variety of commercial launch vehicles


The nominal SAR looking direction is to the right


The image was taken on Dec. 11, 2016, at 9:27 a.m. PST (12:27 EST)


Virgo produced a smaller response, but combining all three sets of measurements was crucial to locating the source


The Advanced Stellar Compass was designed and built by the Danish Technical University in Lyngby, Denmark


The area as seen by Band-64 moves eastwards by 17.4 km because of Earth rotation


William Welsh, SDSU astronomer and the study's co-author


A 3 m diameter, 283.5 m long instrumented tank


GRA (GEOSAT Radar Altimeter), designed and developed at JHU/APL


The orbiter will eventually settle in a loop around Mars ranging between 265 km and nearly 12,000 km over the Martian poles


The signal lasted less than half a second


Juno will observe Jupiter's gravity and magnetic fields, atmospheric dynamics and composition, and evolution


The front detector has a diameter of 20 mm


Confirms once more the full deployment of 31.7 km tether


Data were only reaching ground control patchily


The Open Loop tracking mode exploits an on-board DEM (Digital Elevation Map) to adapt the PRI (PRI=1/PRF) for the elevation of inland waters


To allow the DAQ board to read the EASIROC digital output, to allow the CPU to configure the EASIROC


Chris Winkler, INTEGRAL Project Scientist at ESA


An enclosed aluminum structural cavity withstanding 1 atm. vacuum


The spacecraft team continues to weigh its options regarding modifications of Juno's orbital period


A CW transmitter with low power (~100 mW)


CNES, August 2, 2017, URL: https://vega.cnes


The spectrum has the signature of processes usually associated with emission of a jet or other non-thermal processes


Attitude control < 1º, 3-axis stabilized


The gravitational waves were produced by a pair of coalescing black holes, each with a mass roughly 30 times that of our Sun


The viewer is transported to within just 2,100 miles (3,400 km) above Jupiter's spectacular cloud tops


All steps in the process of developing the satellite, from researching, designing, making and integrating, to testing, were conducted in Vietnam


The figure in the gas giant represents a critical missing piece to the puzzle of our solar system's formation


The name is another example of Chinese aerospace workers' scientific romance as they have named spacecraft, including BeiDou


The SDS consists of a webpage in the APL MOC


In December 2009, the CSSWE project received NSF (National Science Foundation) funding


The 5-metric ton probe, which consists of two major parts - the orbiter and the landing capsule- has flown for 215 days


The mission was previously planned to launch Dec. 8, 2017


A launch of the twin STEREO satellites took place on Oct. 26, 2006 (UTC)


During the galactic plane scan on 29 January2003 a new bright (50-100 mCrab) source was detected


The EUVI instruments (Extreme Ultraviolet Imager), parts of STEREO’s instrument package SECCHI (Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation), looked at their regions of origin in the atmosphere of the Sun


It settled into orbit flying 30 seconds behind its predecessor, Jason-3


The 1E 1547.0-5408 was first detected by the Einstein X-ray observatory


A new bright (50-100 mCrab) source was detected


Among planets that orbit close to their stars, there's a curious dearth of worlds between about 1.5 and two times Earth's size


A pair of UHF and VHF Yagi-Uda type antennas


The Copernicus CO2M mission will help address the climate crisis, and the objectives of the Paris Agreement and EU’s Green Deal towards the decarbonisation of Europe by 2050


Atlas V launches on classified Flight to orbit NROL-36 Payload, Spaceflight 101, Sept. 14, 2012, URL: http://www.spaceflight101.com/nrol-36-launch-updates.html


Gyroscope Attitude motion of the capsule


Originally, characteristic length was measured by hand using calipers and graph paper


About 170 million years later on 4 February 2018 the array of high-powered telescopes detected the light emanating from the exploding star


MIGSI is a modified design based on The Aerospace Corporation’s ionisation gauge (IGS)


6 dB System Gain/Temperature Coefficient ≤0.2 dB/ºC


Sun-synchronous orbit of 485 km altitude


German Proposals to Scientific Program, DARA Bulletin, Dec. 1991


William Welsh, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA


The focus mechanisms can adjust the mirror’s piston, tip and tilt


The spacecraft and its payload are operating nominally in 2010


GNSS-RO (GNSS- Radio Occultation) instrument to provide (with high vertical resolution) all-weather atmospheric and ionospheric soundings by tracking GNSS satellites


Power Budget: 9.7 W generated, 6.5 W consumed


Attitude stability better than 9 marcsec, 3σ over 15 minutes


The HEPD has been designed to measure electron fluxes in the inner Van Allen belt


This CME did not impact Earth but did move toward Mars, passing the planet in the late evening and early morning hours of April 21 and 22


Didymos satellite orbits its primary with a period of 11.9 hours


SWAVES - Paris Observatory, Meudon/University of Minnesota


With a payload composed of two scientific instruments


"When we started conceiving this mission 35 years ago we didn't know of a single planet outside our solar system," said the Kepler mission's founding principal investigator, William Borucki


Final Diagnostic Development Phase for the STEREO Mission


The enormous 290-km (180-mile) high plume from the volcano Tvashtar


It features a lightweight and compact bus structure


A complement of Sun sensors, a ST (Star Tracker), redundant IMUs (Inertial Measurement Units), the GT, reaction wheel assemblies, and a monopropellant hydrazine propulsion system


Changes in plasma at 370 miles above Earth's surface was also detected by ICON


The test was conducted by the country's Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) on March 27, 2019


2011 CEOS SAR Calibration and Validation Workshop Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, 7-9 November 2011


This first MANTIS satellite is particularly suitable for applications in the energy and mining sector


The viewing cones for the SEPT telescopes are each about 60º


One possibility is that the black hole spin axis may have been tilted by the ‘kick’ received during the supernova explosion that created it


Poseidon-4's altimeter was designed to bring new high-resolution Ku- band synthetic aperture radar measurements


Kepler-442b, a rocky planet about twice the mass of the Earth


Telecommunications and navigation for the mission are provided by NASA's DSN (Deep Space Network)


The collector segments are arranged such that the cuts lie approximately along the satellite nadir and the orbit normal


This structure is also very light, particularly given its strength


The focal plane uses invar material to provide a stable thermal environment for the detector units


While clouds are no trouble for radar—which penetrates cloud cover


Integral went into “Safe Mode” – when instruments are turned off and a spacecraft runs just its most basic functions, while facing the Sun to ensure it receives full power


Oil and gas resources are found in remote, hostile, and hazardous regions around the world


After the hypervelocity impact on DebriSat, fragments down to ~ 2 mm in size will be collected


The INTEGRAL spacecraft was launched on 17 October 2002 by a Proton rocket


Spectral range 2.5 - 20 µm (or 4000 - 500 cm -1 wavenumber range)


Already in 1990, the US and the USSR began a joint program of scientific and manned space flight studies


One recorder is used for the recording of SAR data, four recorders are used for all other data, one recorder is in reserve


Is there water deep in Jupiter's atmosphere, and if so, how much?


The approval provides the green light to start industrial contracts for the six missions


A ball of hydrogen with a hint of helium


Over the years, INTEGRAL has discovered about 25 SFXTs


Tyvak-0171, an undisclosed minisatellite of Tyvak, developed by Maxar with a mass of 138 kg


Expected SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) 200 @ 650 nm


The HI-1 camera uses a five-vane forward linear baffle system and a matching linear internal occulter, a 20º full field angle lens, and a 2048 x 2048 pixel format CCD


Offers a wider field of view than the nearby 35 m antenna


Corresponding to a recording time of 80 minutes


GRAC-C KDP-A has been reported as successfully passed on 16.03


The launch of the 8 nanosatellite payloads


The nine Merlin engines on the Falcon 9's first stage shut down about two-and-a-half minutes after launch


The main producers of gamma radiation in our universe


An autonomous, flight proven fault management system to enhance reliability


The first of the four pixels is odd in the left register and even in the right register


The satellite, designed and built by INVAP


It's expected that it'll use retrorockets, airbags, and a parachute to manage its descent and landing


Two transponders operating on different frequencies (Ka- and X-band)


The objective is to obtain low-frequency noise of the accelerometer (around and below 1 mHz)


In only two days the object exceeded the brightness of any previously observed supernova


The flare was later estimated to be about X45


With a contract secured worth €445 million


Juno's microwave radiometer (MWR) allows mission scientists to peer beneath Jupiter's cloud tops and probe the structure of its numerous vortex storms


The primary payload on this flight was HJ-1C (HuanJing-1C) of CNSA


Scientists who estimate the total mass involved in these jet streams to be about 1% of Jupiter's mass


Transits by terrestrial planets produce a small change in a star's brightness of about 1/10,000 (100 parts per million, ppm)


The 240 kg Zhurong rover touched down on the dunes of southern Utopia Planitia


Spire, which now has four more of their Lemur 3U CubeSats in orbit


Payload Fairing Installed for ICON Mission, NASA, 17 October 2018


Consisting of approximately 1 minute cadence information


The electrical interface is reduced to a power and data handling bus


INTEGRAL has a large field of view, enabling it to scan our Milky Way galaxy for neutron stars and black hole activity


SMATTE is interfaced with the VME card and uses 5.3 W of power


On Oct. 25, 2011, the two STEREO spacecraft celebrated their 5 th on-orbit anniversary


Mars-Directed CME Erupts from the Sun,” NASA, 22 April 2021, URL: https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/mars-directed-cme-erupts-from-the-sun


The beacon laser signal is modulated with a high frequency data signal up to 1 Mbit/s


The SLP instrument will allow global monitoring of the ionosphere


The control team has developed an update to Integral’s onboard software that should make angular momentum less of an issue when pointing – slewing – the spacecraft.


The star tracker is used in support of orientation determination during an eclipse


The supernova explosions at the end of its life


ESA has selected Airbus DS as the prime contractor to develop and construct the two new satellites


The total deployed length of HY-1 is about 7.5 m


The DebriSat project was initiated in 2011


Spectral ranges (µm), 4 bands 0.42 - 0.50


Provide new information on Ganymede's icy shell and the composition of the ocean of liquid water beneath


All data for a given site will be acquired with the same observation angle in order to minimize directional effects


The periareion, the point in the orbit that is closest to Mars, was adjusted to 265 km


LRM: Interleaved in Closed/Open Loop tracking mode with only LRM data


The QARMAN CubeSat flew to space aboard SpaceX's Dragon launched from Florida, USA, on Thursday 5 December


Since 18 December, Sentinel-6 has been in its final orbit


How frequent are other Earths in our galaxy? In particular, what is the frequency of Earth-size planets in the HZ (Habitable Zone) of solar-like stars


JIRAM collected 300 infrared images of the surface


Juno is looking for water with its own infrared spectrometer


Medium rate data exchange (1 Mbit/s max)


The SORTIE nanosatellite will be inserted into orbit from a 6U deployer


On 24 March 2020, the AeroSDS panels of the nanosatellite QARMAN have correctly deployed


The orbiter operates in a relay orbit with a cycle of 8.2 hours


NASA's Juno spacecraft will make its 13th science flyby over Jupiter's mysterious cloud tops on July 16


The direction of the incident particle is provided by two planes of double-side silicon micro-strip detectors placed in front of the trigger


A secondary objective is to measure the deformation of the solar disk


The NEMO-HD (Next-generation Earth Monitoring and Observation-High Definition) satellite is a high-precision interactive remote sensing mission for acquiring multispectral images and real-time HD video


At approximately twice the size of Earth


Spire Global of San Francisco launched 4 Lemur-2 3U CubeSats


In Europe there is no other comparable satellite mission that is capable of measuring the radiation energy of fires with such precision


The TSU (Telescience Support Unit) concept was introduced on Foton spacecraft, starting with Foton-12


Preparing our resilience and adapting to sea-level rise as an effect of climate change is a top priority in the decades to come


The air-drop launch of Pegasus XL from underneath the L-1011 Stargazer aircraft occurred at 22:00 EDT (02:00 UTC)


Located some 200 million light years away


The X-band is used to downlink the imagery at 20 Mbit/s


DLR scientists and engineers equipped the minisatellite BIROS with a propulsion system that enables the washing machine-sized, roughly 130 kg satellite


If one or two neutron stars were involved in the process, then a characteristic signature should be observable across the electromagnetic spectrum


Other studies explained the appearance of daytime ETWA as the result of tidal coupling


The dual chemical and electric propulsion systems for NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART)


Capable of 3 Mbit/s FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoded downlink


Its data are proving extremely valuable for monitoring air pollution


Including one 'super-Earth' that could harbor liquid water


Around 9 minutes after entry into the Martian atmosphere


Observing in the visible spectral range of 0.5-0.85 µm


Collected in some places since the early 19th century


The CubeSat is expected to survive its reentry


Mission objectives: Wave-like perturbations in ionospheric plasma density echo wave-like perturbations in the background neutral atmosphere that couple to the ionosphere through various mechanisms


In which the particles are directed along the field lines


NanoAvionics announced in February that it was building three low Earth orbit nanosatellites for AST & Science, the first of which is BlueWalker 1


The spacecraft will launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket


An indication of extremely high temperatures—billions of degrees hot


NEO Surveyor is scheduled for launch in 2026


Important results were obtained since the last review on the large scale structures of CMEs (using multiple point measurements of ICMEs), the propagation of CMEs in the IP medium (interaction with the ambient medium, with other CMEs, deflection), and on the source and propagation of solar energetic particles [unexpected results were obtained on the angular extension at which SEPs (Solar Energetic Particles) are observed]. New results were also obtained on the production of radio bursts from electron beams or shocks using the TDS mode of SWAVES


TSU - Telescience Support Unit,” SSC, URL: http://www.prismasatellites.se/?id=8202


NEMO-HD of SPACE-SI (Slovenian Center of Excellence for Space Sciences and Technologies) is a microsatellite (65 kg)


CTECS-A is also capable of providing scintillation (S4) observations within the range of 0.1 to 1.5


Finally, occasional full-spectral observations of polar auroras are also foreseen


About 170 million years later on 4 February 2018 the array of high-powered telescopes detected the light emanating from the exploding star, otherwise known as a supernova called SN 2018oh


The spacecraft must execute a 90 degree roll every 3 months


India's first since the country's military successfully tested an anti-satellite missile on 27 March 2019 , destroying an Indian satellite in orbit roughly 175 miles (282 km) above Earth


Since the sensor cannot see wavenumbers lower than about 9523 cm-1


The bar at far left indicates altitude during the quick descent


STEREO B lags Earth by about 22º after 1 year


The baseline reaction wheels produce a moment of 1.2 Nms


Each spacecraft has a dedicated HIL simulator with its own command and telemetry workstation


K2-155 that is around 200 light years away from Earth


A suppressor grid prior to the collector is biased at -12 V


Where there are clouds, it's really dark in the infrared


The Kepler Observatory was launched on March 7, 2009 (03:49:57 UTC)


Winds in the strongest Category 5 hurricanes tear at 157 mph or more


As the Earth rotates, a new portion of its atmosphere is exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation, which heats and partially ionizes the neutral atoms and molecules, creating the ionosphere


”Equatorial temperature and wind anomaly (ETWA)-A review,” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 64, Issues 12–14, August–September 2002


The current algorithm can be used to probe the entire K2 data set, Dattilo said — approximately 300,000 stars


Juno will measure the amount of water and ammonia in Jupiter's atmosphere and determine if the planet actually has a solid core


The main objective of SpooQySat, the SpooQy-1 CubeSat, is to demonstrate in-orbit a space-compatible quantum light source


The overall envelop of the heat pipe experiment is 300 mm x 350 mm x 30 mm


The instrument is operated with a maximum of 137 usable bands out of the 256 available


AAUSat-2 a CubeSat of Aalborg University, Denmark


As SOHO continued to move along in its orbit, it eventually got to a point where sunlight started falling on the solar panels again


The HEPD instrument is being developed by the Italian side of the CSES collaboration


The DRDO's Ballistic Missile Defence interceptor was used


YES2 student payload released from Foton-M3


The tight envelope also influenced the selected accommodation of the telecommunication antennae


Observed from the ground with clear, dark skies and a sensitive camera


The Xi'an Satellite Control Center in northwest China's Shaanxi province has improved the adaptability of the space-ground communication system for the mission


The Sentinel-6 products will also maintain their quality closer to the coastline than products from its predecessor Jason missions


Although the full length of 30 km deployment couldn't be verified immediately


Explore Earth- Mass Change Town Hall.” NASA Science, 13 December 2022


They will in turn be flowed in half-hour increments to the MOC via FTP as intermediate data recorder (IDR) files


Tests of a subsurface detection radar from a hot air balloon in October


The lander carrying the rover touched down on the red planet on May 15


The inner region of the 10 million kilometer-wide accretion disc


The AMR-C instrument will have a PID-controlled thermal loop run by the spacecraft


Gas ripped from the companion fuels the pulsar's acceleration


They contain about a Sun's worth of mass compacted into a sphere about 20 km across


NASA Ames will manage flight operations after commissioning is completed


This newly revealed world is only 1.06 times larger than our own planet


The SPB generates all voltages values needed for electronic components in SEB


Only seldomly does the Sun emit particle flows so heavily enriched in helium-3 and heavier elements into space


NASA Press Release 19.082, 11 October 2019


The tether was cut from Foton according to the timeline (9364 s)


Data from this mission will allow scientists to precisely measure sea surface height and gauge how quickly our oceans are rising


The satellites also have Doppler and Global Positioning System receivers to further pinpoint location


The supernova was first spotted on 16 June 2018


TET-1 registered a major seat of fire near the town of Ventura, north of Los Angeles


A bright radiating ‘donut’ structure (or torus) around the pulsar itself


The SLP instrument is designed and developed at BIRA to observe the electron density and temperature


April 16, 2019: Astronomers have discovered a third planet in the Kepler-47 system


The most recent analysis of Kepler’s discoveries concludes that 20 to 50 percent of the stars visible in the night sky are likely to have small, possibly rocky, planets similar in size to Earth


Following a descent phase down to an altitude of 410 km


Both ground stations are equipped with a twinned Yagi antenna with a tracking mount


SSR is a new generation demonstration device and a low-cost modular space SW GNSS receiver of Intecs S.p.A., Pisa, Italy


Water is a significant and abundant molecule in our solar system


This highly processed image of Comet Encke from the HI-1 instrument on board NASA’s STEREO-A spacecraft


Payload data rate 1 Mbit/s continuous; surge up to 10 Mbit/s


Each satellite will carry a near-infrared and shortwave-infrared spectrometer


The United States Navy decided it would be a good idea to survey the altitude of the ocean surface, all over the world, to within a few centimetres


Coarse attitude knowledge of ±5º is required


It aims to return data on potential water-ice deposits, weather, topography and geology


The hypervelocity impact destruction of DebriSat will be conducted at the AEDC (Arnold Engineering Development Complex) of the USAF, located at Arnold AFB, Tennessee


Attitude sensing is provided by a high performance star sensor and by an improved IRU (Inertial Reference Unit)


SEP and CME particles enhance the ionosphere, primarily at high latitudes


MIR Earth Images are sold by `Energia Deutschland GmbH'


CO2M is one of six Copernicus Sentinel Expansion missions that ESA is developing on behalf of the EU


CMEs (Coronal Mass Ejections) are very large structures (billions of tons of particles)


Asteroid satellites typically have orbital speeds of tens of cm/s around their primaries


Next Generation Gravity Mission design activities within the Mass Change and Geoscience International Constellation”, October 13, 2022


The spectral region is from 443 to 910 nm


Data gathered by CO2M will be used to help track and implement targets set out in the Paris Agreement


The probes will be mounted on 5 cm long booms


After entering orbit, it will spend another two to three months surveying the candidate landing sites


NASA/JPL Press Release 21-140, 28 October 2021


Range of radio temperatures for channel 5 = 210 - 320 K


Sentinel-6 is poised to deliver exceptionally precise data on sea-level height


Instrument type EUV narrow-bandpass Ritchey Chretien telescope


Kepler leaves a legacy of more than 2,600 planet discoveries from outside our solar system


The purple hues in this image show X-ray emissions from Jupiter's auroras, detected by NASA's Chandra Space Telescope in 2007


Customers who take advantage of the Iridium PRIME standard service can expect to save more than 50% compared to traditional stand-alone satellites


An alert from only one of the three gravitational-wave detectors


Juno is studying Jupiter's gravitational and magnetic fields, vast magnetosphere, intense aurora, and exploring the swirling clouds that form Jupiter's colorful, trademark atmosphere


Scott Bolton, principal investigator for Juno from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio


A close flyby of Europa on Sept. 29, 2022 (PJ45), reducing the orbital period further to 38 days


The RCS consists of a single tank (8 liter volume)


A reliable orbit determination is only possible, when several passages have been tracked over an interval of 12 hours


HummerSat-1A is fixed onto the +Z panel of Hummersat-1


Construction of the shear panels, decks, and solar array substrates, consists of sandwiched aluminum face-sheets on an aluminum honeycomb core


The MOMS-2P instrument and its mission on PRIRODA/MIR station,” Acta Astronautica, Vol. 44, Issues 5-6, March 1999


It has been formally required that the mission performance shall not be worse than the known performance of Jason-2


STEREO far side observations combined with Earth side observations