Level 1 will provide geolocated top of atmosphere reflectances with a sub-pixel multi-date registration. Level 2 provides surface reflectances ("Top of Canopy"). The Level 3 product is a 10 day composite of level 2 products


The shape of the DebriSat main body is a hexagonal prism


Optical Wireless Links for intra-Satellite Communications (OWLS)


A fine-pointing range of approximately 70 arcsec


VTT develops a miniaturized spectral camera for ESA’s PICASSO nanosatellite mission


Ganymede's high latitudes dominated by water ice


Designed to measure the distribution function of the solar wind core and halo electrons from about 1 eV to several keV


Power generation is provided by three solar arrays


The back imager camera consists of a de-centered inverse Cassegrain configuration


MOS-P (also designation of MOS-OBSOR) is of MKS, and MKS-M heritage which were flown on Intercosmos-21, and the space stations Salyut-7 and Mir


The SCS is an additional calibration system in order to meet the level 3 payload requirement of long term radiometric stability


PARASOL (POLDER) complements CALIPSO (Lidar) and NASA's Aqua and Aura (MODIS, CERES) missions, it also makes use of the CloudSat (CPR) radar data


The satellite Zhangheng 1 was launched on Feb 2, 2018


A second deployable heat shield will block earth's infrared radiation


The satellite was designed and fabricated by the University of Florida


The agency announced on 30 October 2018, that Kepler has run out of fuel and is being retired


Data from the mission are freely available via the STEREO Science Center and the instrument team websites


Two versions of a standard small spacecraft bus (SSB) design


This all-sky image was obtained by ESA's INTEGRAL gamma-ray observatory


CNSA released on 4 March 2021 high-resolution panchromatic images of Mars captured by the country's Tianwen-1 probe


AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 3-7, 2012


This has been identified as the goal for the L3 mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision program


Will collect the most accurate data yet on sea level and how it changes over time


Deep in Jupiter's atmosphere, under great pressure, hydrogen gas is squeezed into a fluid known as metallic hydrogen


The CME reached Mars two days after NASA’s Ingenuity Mars Helicopter became the first aircraft in history to make a powered, controlled flight on another planet


The aerospace imaging interferometer ALISEO: further improvements of calibration methods


Immediately revealing a very good data quality


Planetary astronomers have been fascinated with Jupiter's X-ray auroral emission since its discovery four decades ago


Its infrared and visible-light cameras discovered giant cyclones encircling the planet's poles — nine in the north and six in the south


The relatively large ground track spacing of 315 km at the equator


Timothy Brown, LCOGT (Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope), Goleta, CA


Spacecraft Juno was carefully designed to meet the tough challenges in flying a mission to Jupiter: weak sunlight, extreme temperatures and deadly radiation


How much energy is received by a planet from its host star


It was January 2007, and the twin STEREO satellites — short for Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory — which had launched just months before


Basic features of quantum mechanics are exploited in order to measure the privacy of the key during the sharing process


Making them extremely vulnerable to sea level rise


The information compiled and edited in this article was provided by Herbert J. Kramer


ICON has been in space for two weeks since its launch from Cape Canaveral on October 10, 2019


Planetary astronomers combined measurements taken by NASA's Juno spacecraft orbiting Jupiter, with data from ESA's (European Space Agency's) Earth-orbiting XMM-Newton mission, to solve a 40-year-old mystery about the origins of Jupiter's unusual X-ray auroras


The batteries of satellite had been empty after 4 months of utilizing


SN 2018oh is an example of a Type Ia supernova


ESA's INTEGRAL gamma-ray observatory was part of this international collaboration


Scientific data will be transmitted in X-band at 120 Mbit/s


Demonstrate the capability of close formation flying technologies such as: relative navigation, guidance and control, intersatellite crosslink, and command


Records spectrally and temporally resolved signatures of the plasma flash


A half-duplex communication scheme is used


India's ability to launch multiple payloads into precise orbit


VENµS (Vegetation and ENvironment monitoring on a New Micro Satellite)


AzTechSat-1. A 1U CubeSat technology demonstration developed by UPAEP (Universidad Popular Autonoma del Estado de Puebla)


The researchers therefore also studied more than 2500 Sun-like stars with unknown rotation periods


Than when it was launched almost two decades ago


India conducted Mission Shakti, an anti-satellite missile test, from the Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam Island launch complex


Located in a galaxy some 200 million light years away


60 of which are large enough to be tracked by US military assets


The NEXT constellation will be deployed between 2015 and 2017 on SpaceX Falcon 9's and the Russian Dnepr


FOV (Field of View), vertical x horizontal 5.80º x 3.22º


The DLR FireBIRD mission consists of two satellites, TET-1 and BIROS


INTEGRAL's own propulsion system brought the spacecraft to its operational 72-hour orbit


One of the spacecraft’s three active ‘reaction wheels’ had turned off without warning


The first experiment performed an optical wireless transmission of the signals provided by the reference 3-axis magnetometer, to the OBC (On-Board Computer)


With a 6-month expected life time before atmospheric re-entry


The Radial Slot Line Array HGA went through its own technology maturation effort and is now at TRL -6


The magnetometers are used during the de-tumbling of the spacecraft and for momentum dumping of wheels


Provides a more complete understanding of whether or not a given planet might be capable of supporting liquid water, and potentially life


The 12 bit video output is coded to 10 bit with multi-linear gain


Three different laser systems for downlink communications at data rates up to 1 Gbit/s


Controlling missions is a two way conversation


The principal technology development for the DART program has been the NEXT-C thruster. In addition to the ion thruster system, the Small-body Maneuvering Autonomous Rendezvous and Targeting Navigation (SMART Nav) system was a large technology effort


The plan is to measure the three orthogonal dimensions and mass of each individual fragment


S/C pointing accuracy of 7 arcsec (control)


The mean contact time will be 16 min with 76 min contact gap


The decommissioning took place in three steps: The first step was to take PARASOL out of the A-Train constellation zone with no risk to the other satellites on this orbit. This was done between the end of October and the beginning of November thanks to 3 manoeuvres with 2 thrusts each. The second step objective was to drain the remaining ergols while lowering the satellite orbit to the maximum in order to reduce the duration of the atmospheric return. This phase named fluidic passivation required 5 manoeuvres with 2 thrusts each and took place in November. The third and last step, named electrical passivation, had the objective of shutting off the satellite. It began in early December and ended on December 18, 2013.


The probe will swoop within 6.4 million kilometers of the sun


359.9 kg was used during the LEOP (Launch and Early Orbit Phase) mainly to raise the perigee height


An image of Jupiter taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope


The spacecraft's solar panels successfully deployed


The probe was in stable condition at a distance of more than 15.3 million km away from Earth


With 12 narrow spectral bands in the VNIR (Visible Near Infrared) spectral region


STEREO Mission Celebrates Five Incredible Years of Science,” NASA, Oct.


The name is another example of Chinese aerospace workers' scientific romance as they have named spacecraft, including Chang'e


The outer radiation belt that is most intense between 4 and 5 RE


Satellite body dimension : (2.8 x 3.2 x 5) m


On October 1, 2014, the hard command loss timer on the spacecraft was observed to fire at the expected time, causing the spacecraft to reset


FOV (Field of View) 94º x 81º (1-hole mask)


Just as the large-scale waves that form on Earth, known as Rossby waves, influence local weather patterns, the waves discovered on the Sun may be intimately tied to solar activity, including the formation of sunspots, active regions, and the eruption of solar flares


NASA/JPL is developing the US payload instruments and procuring the launcher


The Earth-directed CME was detected on Oct. 9, 2021


Energetic electrons in near-Earth space can damage satellites and threaten the health of space-walking astronauts


The objective is to provide in particular imagery of coastal regions (estuaries, tidal waters, monitoring of pollution, etc.)


The along-track resolution is improved from several kilometers to about 300 m


The performance of the space segment has remained good


In February 2009, a huge CME (Coronal Mass Ejection) occurred on the sun which was witnessed by the twin spacecraft


This was a technological mission carried out by India's DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organization)


The propulsion system requirements fall into two categories, which are the spacecraft attitude and orbit control, and atmospheric drag compensation


We saw a hint of a third planet back in 2012


One after the other, AVANTI performs a series of measurements


The indicative extension of science operations for INTEGRAL until 31 December 2018


The lander carrying a rover of the Tianwen-1 mission touched down in the southern part of Utopia Planitia


Assure that COR2 and EUVI are within acceptable pointing tolerances


The Extreme Ultraviolet Instrument depends upon accurately measuring the light from glowing oxygen


On Feb. 6, 2011, the orbital position of the two STEREO spacecraft will be 180º apart


Gravity science and microwave sounding of the atmosphere observations are obtained through orientation of the spacecraft's spin plane. All other experiments utilize ride-along pointing and work in either one or both orientations


AGC (Automatic Gain Control): 0 to 63 Db (1-decade steps)


Deviation from White Noise Level Over 60 secs <0.2 K


January 10, 2019: ESA's high-energy space telescopes INTEGRAL


The solar panels may have then stopped getting enough sunlight to keep the spacecraft powered, draining the batteries and shutting the spacecraft down


The failure recovery mode is a hardwired control mode using the thrusters for actuation


The measured noise temperature referenced to the AMR / HRMR feeds are referred to as the TA (Antenna Temperature)


Final burn of the mission for Juno's main engine on 19 October 2016


Data transmission is in UHF-band (306.775 MHz)


With Applications to the DART and Hera Missions


It had these striae — dusty fingers that extended across a huge expanse of the sky


September 7, 2006: Astronomers using ESA's orbiting gamma-ray observatory, INTEGRAL


MIGHTI consists of two sensor units with orthogonal fields of view


Power generation ≥ 10 W OAP (Orbit Average Power) at EOL (End of Life)


The Level 3 product is a 10 day composite of level 2 products


The key instrument being a Microwave Instrument ( MWI)


The object now known as Kepler-1658 b had a rocky road to confirmation


APL – designing, building and managing the mission for NASA–


Over 13,000 fragments have been characterized


Magnitude (i.e., at least 150 m) of the relative eccentricity


The overall data packet size is ~ 10 Mbit


If a satellite is hit by a high-energy proton, it can short-circuit and cause an event called single event upset or SEU


The next layer is composed by a layer of alumina blanket


A doubler to the PPU panel to redistribute the heat


Qarman will now fall gradually to Earth, to eventually gather valuable data on atmospheric reentry physics


Camera binning modes 1 x 1, 1 x 2, 2 x 1, 2 x 2


Juno came within 31,136 miles (50,109 km) of Ganymede on July 20, 2021


Entering Jupiter's orbit on July 4, 2016


Initial safe configuration at a separation within 5 to 10 km


Will DART make its target asteroid go wobbly?


Over the course of about 9.3 million miles of its journey around the sun


Some of these particle flows are accompanied by violent solar flares


Its presence opens a door into the very heart of the most massive stars in the cosmos


Photos of the sensor complement, from left: camera, gyroscope


Deformation of the titanium optical bench structure


Two large screens show the main SCOS-2000 windows for commanding, the orbit ground track as well as a live video feed of the IRS ground station antenna


Measuring and monitoring carbon dioxide and methane gases in our atmosphere is key to helping nations show that they are accomplishing their emission reduction goals


The spacecraft, consisting of an orbiter, a lander and a rover


The rover’s ground-penetrating radar would be one of the first science instruments of its kind to reach the surface of Mars. NASA’s Perseverance rover carries a comparable instrument to scan subsurface layers of the Martian crust in search of water ice deposits


Just about 5 hours after the spacecraft's closest approach to Jupiter


The entire Microjet 2000 system has a total mass of ca. 21 kg


The GM period was from March 31 1985 to Sept. 30, 1986


Played it back at 833 kbit/s for transmission to the ground


RadSat-U (Montana State University) – 07:10:01 GMT


Designed and manufactured for ESA by Belgium's Von Karman Institute


"NASA's Juno Celebrates 10 Years With New Infrared View of Moon Ganymede," NASA News, 5 August 2021


Similar to the SOCIT tests, to exceed this EMR threshold for DebriSat, the hypervelocity impact has to be carried out at the AEDC facility


Telemetry/Telecommand board: manages the LVPS that provides bias to the electronics subsystems, the local telemetry and telecommand signals


After doing a simulation, we tested it on the spacecraft. It worked


The Orion Nebula is 1500 light-years away


Generating 1024 kbit of scientific data along with the error handling data at the completion of a single experiment


HummerSat-1 and HummerSat-1A were launched as secondary payloads on Nov. 18, 2012


China Launches First Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite Plus Six SmallSats," Satnews Daily, 5 Feb. 2018


All structure panels are made of aluminum sandwich


The signal is analyzed by a pulse counting system with a gate of 1 µs


The 780-m diameter main Didymos asteroid


The ICON mission was launched on 11 October 2019 aboard a Northrop Grumman Pegasus XL launch vehicle


Volodymyr Savchenko, an astronomer at the University of Geneva, Switzerland, who worked on the INTEGRAL data


Arianespace to launch OPTSAT 3000 and VENµS satellites


Operate from a relatively high altitude (1336 km) prograde orbit


All of the US designed hardware was installed in the instrument/payload compartment


December 2015 Process and analyze data for model improvements


Some gamma ray outbursts last for only a short period of time


The significant stray light effect has been well-modelled with ground measurements and is now mostly reduced thanks to accurate in-flight tuning


Each spacecraft has a primary and a backup command workstation in the Restricted IONet


China’s Zhurong Mars rover visits own parachute


Acta Astronautica, Vol. 115, pp: 262-269, June 2015


The small diode current is amplified with four TIA (Transimpedance Amplifier) circuits


The probes are mounted on deployable solar panels


Images are acquired at 21 azimuth angles


LICIACube (Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids), a 6U CubeSat


The selected ground station network includes S-band ground stations at NTNU Trondheim, KSAT Svalbard, Norway, and KSAT Puertollano, Spain


The optical system is designed to provide < 1 m resolution across track


NASA Orbital Debris Quarterly News, Vol. 13


TARS-1 features deployable solar arrays, software-defined radios (SDR), a narrowband communications payload and high-gain antennas


The TSU is a stand-alone module enabling the user to conduct telescience operations on experiment facilities onboard the Russian Foton spacecraft


The PARASOL orbit tracks had been slowly drifting eastward during the previous few months, due to insufficient fuel supplies


The INTEGRAL satellite being compatible with the Ariane 5 and Proton launchers


India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi has confirmed that the country has performed a test of an anti-satellite missile successfully striking a target satellite in low Earth orbit


Attitude control: Inertial flight, one face towards the Sun


The formation of the EIA occurs when plasma at the equator is driven upward via the vertical ExB drift, and then diffuses to lower altitudes along geomagnetic field lines


The SpooQy-1 CubeSat was launched as a secondary payload on 17 April 2019 (20:46 UTC)


INTEGRAL was selected by the ESA (European Space Agency) in June 1993


Picasso CubeSat,” ESA, January 28, 2015, URL: http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2015/01/Picasso_CubeSat2


Precision: 10% (Nn, Ne); 3TECU 10-8 to 10-2 torr


ICON will be placed into a 27º inclination orbit


During the first two years of the mission, the spacecraft pointed to 64% of the celestial sphere at any point in time (50% of the celestial sphere for the extended mission phase)


Overview of the MIGS reference architecture


RF communications: (Uplink: VHF; downlink: UHF + S-band)


The launches of Jason-CS A and B are planned for 2020 and 2026, respectively


The objective of ADCS is to align the nanosatellite to within ±15º, of the Earth's local magnetic field


Sea level is generally higher in the Pacific than in the Atlantic—about 20 cm


The Soviet Union’s Mars 3 lander was the first spacecraft to perform a soft landing on the Martian surface in December 1971


The alignment of the OSIRIS sensor can be calculated by the satellite bus


Juno Principal Investigator Scott Bolton of the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio


By making the observations from a spaceborne platform and using the transit method proposed by Borucki and Summers (1984)


The first sea-surface height ‘reference' measurements were supplied by the French–US Topex-Poseidon satellite, which was followed by three successive Jason missions. They show that since 1993


They combine the sorted data from Sabaka's team with their core dynamics model to forecast geomagnetic secular variation (rapid changes in the magnetic field) into the future


TNS-0 is equipped with a passive MACS (Magnetic Attitude Control System) comprising a permanent magnet and soft-magnetic hysteresis rods


The mission has now an availability near 90%


ESA’s Estrack network will play a vital role – finding, tracking and maintaining contact with the mission


These satellites carry two payloads for meteorology and ship traffic tracking


Previous AMRs were limited to a 25 km diameter footprint on the ocean


Astronaut Andrew ‘Drew' Morgan will take the Nanoracks deployer and place it thorough the airlock of Japan's Kibo module


The mIVM is provided by UTD (University of Texas, Dallas)


The use of two magnetometer sensors one 10 meters from the center of the spacecraft and one 12 meters from the center


TNS-0 was deployed from the ISS on March 28, 2005


Observation of the Earth and Its Environment: Survey of Missions and Sensors (Springer Verlag) as well as many other sources after the publication of the 4th edition in 2002


A new instrument that can detect a wider range of gases at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility


COSMIAC will be the satellite integrator


Will be maintained by the attitude control system


A Sweeping Langmuir Probe that will measure electron density and temperature in the plasma around the satellite


The OSIRIS tracking sensor mainly consists of a quadrant type InGaAs PIN diode


QARMAN (von Karman Institute) – 11:20:00 GMT


Forward look angle (in flight direction) of 40º against nadir


The SPC agreed to continue funding for six ESA-led missions (Cluster, INTEGRAL, Mars Express, PROBA-2, SOHO and XMM-Newton) for the period 1 January 2015 – 31 December 2016


The spacecraft saves fuel by executing a burn that places it in a capture orbit with a 53.5-day orbit


Attitude determination accuracy: 0.1º (3σ)


A 100 V charge pump on the sensor board is needed by the switches


Proceedings of the 4S (Small Satellites, System & Services) Symposium, Valletta, Malta, May 30-June 3


A Falcon 9 rocket climbs away from pad 40 Sunday at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station


Jupiter's cyclones affect each other's motion, causing them to oscillate about an equilibrium position


ICON integration and testing is underway at the Space Dynamics Lab in Utah


Initial indications are that a series of problems in the guidance and control system led to the anomaly


In the early hours of Monday morning (8 October)


These centers are located at the Navel Research Laboratory in Washington, DC (SECCHI); the University of California, Berkeley (IMPACT), the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (SWAVES); and the University of New Hampshire, Durham (PLASTIC)


Optica, Vol. 7, Issue 7, pp. 734-737, Published: 25 June 2020


The research was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), which is NCAR's sponsor, and by NASA


The new findings, published in The Astronomical Journal


The requirements are ultra-fine throttable thrusters, with 1µN thrust knowledge control resolution, and very low thrust noise


Satlantis Microsats SL (Bilbao, Spain) will provide a high-resolution imaging payload (iSIM90-12U)


Spectral resolution Better than 5 nm @ 650 nm


The outer layer is a vacuum formed alumina sphere


Tianwen-1 spacecraft is scheduled for launch in late July or early August


The data analysis employed the JGM-3 (Joint Gravity Model-3)


TTR (M) [Telemetry, Telecommand, Reconfiguration and mass memory] providing TM/TC handling, failure handlings, Timing and Synchronization and a small Mass Memory


The project is getting a great picture of the dynamics of Earth's radiation environment


A propulsion unit for orbit control consisting of 8 hydrazine thrusters


POLDER-P consists basically of a digital staring camera


There are five solar aspect sensors on the spacecraft


Extreme ultraviolet light (at a wavelength of 304 Å)


Team members from ASTRA (Atmospheric and Space Technology Research Associates) of Boulder, CO, AFRL (Air Force Research Laboratory) of Kirtland AFB, NM, UTD (University of Texas, Dallas), COSMIAC (Configurable Space Microsystems Innovations & Applications Center) of Albuquerque, NM, and Boston College of Boston, MA


The launch site was Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida


The tether and deployer performance was demonstrated to match largely the levels predicted in ground tests


Its mission is to collide with an asteroid and to deflect it from its orbit


Almost full-sky coverage for brief events


The SEB implements the GNSS signals elaboration and the PVT (Position, Velocity, Time) calculation


The astronomers could observe the V404 Cygni jets in radio waves using telescopes like those of the Very Long Baseline Array in the US


The bus structure uses an aluminum frame and side panels (honeycomb design)


Satellite altimeter missions such as Copernicus Sentinel-6 are essential in monitoring global and regional changes in sea level


The laser terminal is equipped with two downlink laser systems with up to 1 Gbit/s


The spacecraft's 29th close flyby of the giant planet on Sept. 16, 2020


Within a record 18 seconds of the burst, the INTEGRAL Burst Alert System had pinpointed the approximate position of GRB 031203


Shortly before the control center lost contact to STEREO-B in October 2014


Like the Moon, the smaller ‘Didymoon’ is expected to be tidally locked to its parent


The science objectives of the SORTIE mission are: 2) Determine the relative role of dynamo action versus direct mechanical forcing in the formation of wave-like plasma perturbations


There had been plans to perform a period reduction maneuver with the spacecraft's main engine on Oct. 19


The platform and payload units are connected with the OBC each through dedicated MIL-buses and to the RIU (Remote Interface Unit) via discrete I/O interfaces


Microsatellites generally need limited performance in terms of orbit position knowledge in the order of 100 mt in the three axes


Neutral density enhancements and troughs were originally observed using sensor data from the Orbiting Geophysical Observatory-6 (OGO-6) and Dynamic Explorer-2 (DE-2) satellite missions in the 1970s and 1980s


The amount of helium-3 and iron in them was increased


The probe completed the maneuver at 11 p.m.


NASA's Juno Navigators Enable Jupiter Cyclone Discovery


Which will be able to fly much closer to the asteroid's surface


Horizontal resolution along the satellite track of: Δx,y = 1 km


SECCHI Instrument Suite System Description,” 2002


A major limitation of these approaches is the lack of consistent ground networks and measurements and the imperfection of models


All instruments were delivered in March to the SDL (Space Dynamics Laboratory) at USU (Utah State University) in Logan, where the instruments will be connected to the Payload Integration Plate


Long-term pointing required 7 arcsec over a month


The team is composed of researchers from NASA Goddard, the National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Tokyo, Japan, Niihama College in Niihama, Ehime, Japan, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, and the Technical University of Denmark in Kongens Lyngby, Denmark


Twenty-five years ago, NASA sent history's first probe into the atmosphere of the solar system's largest planet


The Foton-M series spacecraft are being launched from Baikonur, Kazakhstan


After launch — scheduled for spring/summer 2021


INTEGRAL could transmit all the necessary science telemetry


31 July 2020, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Contract_signed_to_build_Europe_s_carbon_dioxide_monitoring_mission


The TMC (Technological Mission Center) takes care of the technological mission operations in space. It will also process the data and analyze the performance of the IHET


NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly instrument


Making use of solely angles-only measurements


The development of the six new Copernicus high-priority missions


The 4 corner modules are used for fine guiding


The DebriSat impact test was successfully carried out


The satellite encounters begin with a low-altitude flyby of Ganymede on June 7, 2021 (PJ34), which reduces the orbital period from about 53 days to 43 days


The STEREO heliospheric imager: how to detect CMEs in the heliosphere


SMIGS (Scientific Mission Image Ground Segment) is the processing facility for imaging data, located at CNES in France


Although it will no longer serve as the official reference sea level satellite


The combination of remote sensing and in situ instruments on STEREO, the new possibilities of observations provided by the heliospheric imagers and the unique 3D perspective of the phenomena provided by the mission


Galaxies throughout the universe are believed to be responsible for creating the diffuse background glow of gamma rays


It consists of the following elements: CIVA (Camera I/F and Video Acquisition Module) for image grabbing WCM (Wavelet Compression Module) for image compression WCSM (Wavelet Compression and Storage Module) PCDM (Power Conditioning and Distribution Module)


The data accuracy level of 2-5º in-plane angle


The revisit time for the CCD Camera is seven days


Both STEREO spacecraft carry a combination of remote sensing and in situ instruments (SECCHI, IMPACT, PLASTIC and SWAVES)


The GT is used to provide fine-pointing angular measurements


The new results show that the cyclones are warmer on top, with lower atmospheric densities, while they are colder at the bottom, with higher densities


Depending on how hard the solar wind blows, Jupiter's magnetic field can extend outward as much as two million miles (3.2 million km) toward the Sun and stretch more than 600 million miles (over 965 million km) away from the Sun


The scientific goals of INTEGRAL are addressed through the use of high resolution spectroscopy with fine imaging and accurate positioning of celestial sources in the gamma-ray domain


In the image, taken by a high-resolution camera installed on the orbiter of Tianwen-1 at 6 p.m. on June 2 (Beijing Time)


This enabled the team to constrain the depth of the Great Red Spot to about 300 miles (500 km) below the cloud tops


India expects to play a role in the future in the drafting of international law on prevention of an arms race in outer space


Communications with the STEREO Behind spacecraft were interrupted on October 1, 2014


Right where the temperature reaches the freezing point for water


Lemur-2, eight 3U CubeSats built by Spire Global Inc.


That spacecraft was meant to visit the Martian moon Phobos and return a sample


Range resolution: 150 m (for satellite processing)


The objective of TNS-0 is the on-orbit verification of the GlobalStar communication satellite system serviceability


iSIM90-12U uses a modified Maksutov-Cassegrain optical design


The S/C design life is 1 year + 3 months extension


INTEGRAL observed it for five and a half days


TIDs (Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances) have also been routinely measured in the bottomside ionosphere via HF sounders


As prime contractor, Open Cosmos is responsible for the end-to-end space mission service (covering the Space, Launch, Ground and User segments of the mission)


July 2015: The STEREO mission is approved by NASA


The objective of the PS4 mission is to demonstrate that the spent stage can host attached payloads in orbit for up to six months after launch


Filter FWHM & transmission O('S) & O('D) ≤2 nm & 60%


SIASGE integrated constellation of 2 SAOCOM and 4 COSMO-SkyMed spacecraft


Imaged into a spectrum per field angle on a photon-counting detector


The innermost planet, which is the smallest circumbinary planet known, is a much hotter 336ºF (169ºC)


Help them unravel the core dynamics that drive the geodynamo


During this two to three week period, STEREO's command loss timer would have expired multiple times


They can be implemented as fixed bias (DC) probes or can have their bias swept from negative to positive potential with respect to the spacecraft chassis ground


Navy Transit navigation satellite (46 cm diameter by 30 cm height, 34.5 kg)


Three deployable solar panels are mounted to one side of the main body


The momentum transferred to the largest remaining fragment exceeds the incident momentum by a factor that may be as much as 3 to 5


The Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System at Haleakala Observatory in Hawaii


The Kepler Observatory was launched on March 7, 2009


Some sensor types to gather data of the temperature, voltage and current of the satellite systems during its operation


Since 2002, ESA's INTEGRAL spacecraft has been observing some of the most violent events in the Universe


The mission will be the first to measure how much carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere specifically through human activity


Provide transmission at VHF/UHF and L-band (150/400/1067 MHz)


Managed by the Planetary Missions Program Office at MSFC (Marshall Space Flight Center) for NASA’s PDCO (Planetary Defense Coordination Office)


CTECS-A consists of a custom GPS receiver, a custom antenna/RF front end


What was meant to be a five-year mission


Differential flux measurements of energetic particles in a highly inclined low Earth orbit


The JunoCam camera head has a lens with a 58º cross-scan field of view


Figure 21: Modelling Didymoon’s post-impact libration


The mission is to collect data over the course of 6 months


NASA is providing an Ultraviolet Spectrograph instrument, along with also subsystems and components for two additional instruments: the Particle Environment Package and the Radar for Icy Moon Exploration experiment


GRACE-C pair will embark the same accelerometer than GRACE-FO, i.e. the Superstar from ONERA


PARASOL will continue to pursue its mission of observing clouds and aerosols


The landing platform and rover are expected to touch down on Utopia Planitia


Where the pressure reaches about 480 psi (33 bar)


COCTS is a medium-resolution optical imager developed by SITP (Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics) of CAS (China Academy of Sciences), China


Total ion concentration dynamic range 5 x 10 3 -5 x 10 6 cm -3


The VU Transceiver interfaces to two VU Whip Antennas deployed from the ADM


CMEs (Coronal Mass Ejections) are occasionally expelled from the sun into the heliosphere


Based on results in a study released today and to be published in The Astronomical Journal


INTEGRAL has focussed on the center and the bulge of our Galaxy


With the second lunar swingby by the Behind spacecraft (STEREO-B) on January 21 2007, the STEREO mission entered into the main science phase of the mission


The evolution of supernova explosion AT2018cow as observed at soft X-rays with NASA's Swift (red circles) and ESA's XMM-Newton (red triangles) space observatories, and at hard X-rays with NASA's NuSTAR (orange circles) and ESA's INTEGRAL (yellow circles) satellites


Should have a mission length of at least three months


The probability of orbital alignment is simply the ratio of the stellar diameter to the orbital diameter


The missile struck the Microsat-R satellite at a relative velocity of nearly 22,000 mph, or 9.8 km/s


CAST968 platform comprises 8 subsystems such as structure and mechanism, thermal control, attitude and orbit control, power supply, TT&C, antenna, housekeeping and overall electric circuit subsystems


On 22 September 2017, one of these high-energy neutrinos arrived at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. The event was named IceCube-170922A


On Feb. 6, 2011, the two STEREO spacecraft were precisely 180º apart in their orbit


One of the heat pipes will be an innovative flexible, inflatable and deployable ultra-light weight radiator panel in laminated/polyimide laminate filled with self-rewetting fluid


On board, four instruments from teams led by scientists in Italy, France, Germany, Denmark, and Spain


CMEs impacting Earth’s environment are the primary cause of major geomagnetic storms


Most Mars landers enter the Martian atmosphere on a direct course from Earth


From Vandenberg Air Force Base in California


Parasol satellite mission could be extended


The spacecraft's observations are shedding light on old mysteries and posing new questions


"SpaceX signs Argentina's Space Agency for two Falcon 9 Launches," 16 April , 2009


OSIRIS for BiROS carries two separate laser sources with an IM/DD (Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection) modulation scheme at 1550 nm


The spacecraft can be suitably biased to provide various modes of imaging: 1) Continuous strip monoscopic mode 2) Spot scene imaging (strips on either side of the ground track can be imaged) 3) Paint brush mode of imaging


The orbit of the polar-orbiting SAMPEX (Solar Anomalous Magnetospheric Particle Explorer) satellite of NASA (launch July 3, 1992) is indicated


An IMU and star tracker are used as the primary attitude sensors, and five digital Sun sensors provide Sun-direction information for safe mode


Similar magnetic apex heights can be revisited several times each day


Note that the fine guidance modules in the corners of the focal plane are very much smaller CCDs than the science modules


DART’s primary objective is to demonstrate a kinetic impact on a small asteroid


POD (Precise Orbit Determination) instruments – namely a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and precise orbit determination receiver (GNSS-POD), a DORIS (Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite) instrument, and a LRA (Laser Retroreflector Array)


Observations and interpretations of cloud structures and atmospheric circulation on Jupiter from the Juno spacecraft, the Hubble Space Telescope and the Gemini Observatory


HI-2: 10 -14 B sun Stray light/disk light rejection


March 27, 2017: The same kind of large-scale planetary waves that meander through the atmosphere high above Earth's surface may also exist on the Sun


Proceedings of the 29th ISTS (International Symposium on Space Technology and Science), Nagoya-Aichi, Japan, June 2-8, 2013


The devices have a diameter of 32mm x 66 mm long


Crucially, the IBIS imager on Integral allowed us to precisely pinpoint the origin of the burst


Anticyclones, which rotate in the opposite direction, are colder at the top but warmer at the bottom


The research was funded by the Juno Project under NASA Grants NNM06AAa75c and 699041X


It is expected to reach the red planet around February 2021


All contributing to the gamma-ray background


A large shock (~30 N) followed in the sequence


Intended sun-synchronous polar orbit of 748 km altitude


Phase C with the mission Critical Design Review (CDR) scheduled for June 2019


After a five-year, 1,740-million-mile (2,800-million-km) journey


Star trackers are used to meet the science objectives needed from the altimeter SAR data


Unfocussed synthetic aperture radar processing exploits the Doppler characteristics of the return echoes


Earth's derives the vast majority of its heat externally from solar radiation


The planets discovered this time were from Kepler's extended mission, called K2


SGR 1806-20, located 50,000 light years away on the other side of our Milky Way


Crosslink bit rates:10 kbit/s, 128 kbit/s


In the early 1990s, the rate was about 2.5 mm per year


The Jason-CS satellites will fly in the same orbit as their predecessors, TOPEX/Poseidon and the Jason missions


The PLP will be fixed biassed at -7 V relative to the CubeSat chassis


Soaring only 3,500 km above its cloud tops


From our preliminary analyses, the altimeter significant wave height and range uncertainty are significantly better compared to the previous Sentinel-3 and Jason-3 missions


Each SSD detector in SEPT is 0.53 cm2 in area


Our Galaxy’s spiral arms are loaded with neutron stars, black holes and other exotic objects


Skimming to within 5,000 km above the planet's cloud tops every 11 days


Nine years of the telescope’s observations


The PICASSO 3U CubeSat was launched at 01:51 UTC


The largest number of individual, intensely burning fires was registered on 12 December


During free flight, Priroda was powered by two redundant sets of batteries totaling 168 cells


The imager will use an innovative telescope based on lightweight mirrors


ICON is uniquely equipped to investigate this part of the ionosphere from above


The South Atlantic Anomaly arises from two features of Earth's core: The tilt of its magnetic axis, and the flow of molten metals within its outer core


Chune Yang Lum, Co-Founder and CEO of SpeQtral


The RF section in turn consists of a 5 cm thick honeycomb panel


Allowing the Earth to enter INTEGRAL's field of view goes against the standard set of nominal observations for the satellite


In the direction of the constellation Cygnus


The solar cells have dimensions of 40.15 x 80.15 mm


OSIRIS Payload for DLR's BiROS Satellite


The data released today is critical for monitoring the impact of climate change on Earth's oceans


The instrument on CSSWE, REPTile (Relativistic, Electron and Proton Telescope integrated little experiment), is a smaller version of REPT, twin instruments developed by a CU Boulder team


The number of images acquired can be varied based on the desired resolution


Currently, objects with characteristic lengths as small as 2 mm can be imaged and detected


Nanosatellite experiments to enable future space-based QKD missions,” EPJ Quantum Technology, December 2016


Providing measurements of the radiation environment


Characteristic length is defined as the mean of an object's three maximum orthogonal projected lengths


Scientists can derive the height of the sea surface directly underneath the satellite


The average flight speed was about 100,000 km per hour


The minimum single transit Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) requirement is taken to be 4σ


One study, led by NASA heliophysicist Ashley Greeley as part of her doctoral thesis, used two decades of data from SAMPEX to show that the SAA is slowly but steadily drifting in a northwesterly direction


The spacecraft continuously follows one dithering pattern throughout one observation


On June 22, NASA's ICON team released scientific data collected during the spacecraft's first eight months in orbit to the public


The Gemini data clearly reveal the clearings in the high-level clouds where it is possible to get a glimpse down to the deep water clouds


Two donut-shaped belts around the planet called the Van Allen Belts


The CQT team is analyzing scientific data from the mission and expects to publish results on the source’s performance in 2020


DART will collide with the smaller body of the Didymos binary asteroid system in September 2022


"Student-built satellite studies solar storms," LASP Space Newsletter


Photodetector Technology CMOS Active Pixel Sensor (APS)


November 2, 2018: Engineers and scientists gathered around a screen in an operations room at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., eager to lay their eyes on the first data from NASA’s STEREO spacecraft


Engineers for the Low-Earth Orbit, or LEO, satellite


The first complete image of the solar far side, the half of the sun invisible from Earth, was taken on June 1, 2011


IOD-1 GEMS (In-Orbit Demonstration - Global Environmental Monitoring Satellite)


The J2 effect on the relative eccentricity vector, for SSO orbit 500 km high, amounts to a clock-wise rotation of circa 3.6 º/day


20 Years of Improvements to GEOSAT Altimetry


All the subsystem packages are mounted within the cuboid except sensors and antennas which are mounted outside


The two spacecraft are currently at superior conjunction


Measure ions in the energy-per-charge range of 0.3 to 100 keV/e


The CSES satellite was launched on 2 February 2018


An internal calibration sequence will be invoked about once per day


The BIROS satellite is part of DLR's FireBird constellation


The rover will be powered by solar panels


Over South America and the southern Atlantic Ocean, an unusually weak spot in the field – called the SAA (South Atlantic Anomaly)


Automated, unattended real-time operations for most of the spacecraft contacts


A team of researchers, led by astronomers at SDSU (San Diego State University), detected the new Neptune-to-Saturn-size planet orbiting between two previously known planets


Selectable data rate by telecommand between some kbit/s and 1 Mbit/s


Figure 7 above shows the amplitude spectral density, as goal and threshold requirements of the inter-satellite distance variation


The ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) is developing


A Martian day is approximately 40 minutes longer than a day on Earth


As mission control teams implement an ingenious new way to control the 18-year-old spacecraft


Doug Caldwell, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA


The objective is to explore the inner corona in white light and pB down to 1.25 Rsun


A-train” consisting of the Aqua, CloudSat, CALIPSO, PARASOL, and Aura spacecraft


The W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and NASA


The U.S. Air Force's 18th Space Control Squadron, which detects and catalogs objects in Earth orbit, said in a tweet Friday it is "actively tracking more than 250 pieces of debris associated with (the) Indian ASAT launch" and that the Joint Force Space Component Command is "issuing conjunction notifications to satellite operators as needed to support spaceflight safety


Athena, a communications minisatellite mission (138 kg) of PointView Tech LLC


Tony Phillips, “Near Miss: The Solar Superstorm of July 2012,” NASA Science News, July 23, 2014


Each CubeSat will host a miniature ionisation gauge space instrument (MIGSI), planar ion probe (PIP), and GPS radio occultation sensor (CTECS-A)


Intense auroras dancing around Earth’s north pole


Mission operators continue to attempt recovery


Ka-band is used to downlink the stored science and engineering data


Scientists and support teams from several countries have agreed to provide assistance on the mission


The use of all three DSN antenna facilities—Goldstone, Madrid, and Canberra—is required


Control the inside module temperature within the range of 0º to+45ºC


Table 1 shows the expected capacity for hosted payloads in terms of mass, volume, power, and data rate


All commanded from the Mission Control Center in Cordoba


Wind measurements will be made between 90-300 km altitude (day)


It foresees also coding/encoding features for telemetry and telecommands


The transit time to Jupiter following the Earth flyby is about three years


ICON explores the connections between the neutral atmosphere and the electrically charged ionosphere


The operational life is planned to be about 3 months


After a maximum six-month commissioning period


The panels are stowed during the launch and deployed after injection to the orbit


Iridium NEXT is Iridium's next generation satellite constellation of 66 satellites with 6 onorbit spares and 9 ground spares


A Laser Ranging Instrument (LRI) as a techno demonstrator


BIROS minisatellite was launched as a secondary payload on June 22, 2016 (03:56 UTC)


The optical path is designed to be straight from the pump source to the detectors


The cover of the MOMS-2P camera is coated on the inside with a diffuse reflecting coating. When opening the cover it can be locked at an angle of 20º


The geodynamo models are unique in their ability to use core physics to create near-future forecasts


CubeSats are low-resource, cost-effective satellites and are smaller than a shoebox


Mission managers have decided not to collect data with the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument during the December flyby


Ground resolution (at nadir) 6 km x 7 km


Three digital photographs, from three orthogonal directions, will be taken per fragment


Understanding how dust behaves in the tail — how it fragments and clumps together — can teach scientists a great deal about similar processes that formed dust into asteroids, moons and even planets all those billions of years ago


Attitude control is provided with a zero momentum bias system that includes actuators


The instrument will measure electrons in four energy bins: 0.5-1.5, 1.5-2.2, 2.2-2.9, and >2.9 MeV


A CubeSat, a potential contribution from the Italian Space Agency (ASI)


Suddenly, one of these reaction wheels stopped


The next image uses Copernicus Sentinel-6 pulse-limited low-resolution mode data


The black and white image taken by an obstacle avoidance camera installed in front of the rover of China's Mars probe Tianwen-1


Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Sciences and Applications, Jan – April 2011


Spaceflight is the prime contractor to NASA for the mission


The HY program is being developed the by CASC (Chinese Aerospace Science & Technology Corporation)


The Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor on NASA's Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, which observed what appears to be a sudden burst of gamma rays about 0.4 seconds after the gravitational waves were detected


On October 26, 2012, the twin STEREO spacecraft completed their 6th anniversary on orbit


Lightning flashes are clustered in turbulent regions where there are deep water clouds and where moist air is rising to form tall convective towers


Along with thousands of additional candidates astronomers are working to confirm


The ESA Council at Ministerial Level, which is being held in Lucerne, Switzerland, 1–2 December


Qarman's blunt-nosed front contains most of its sensors


NASA’s Kepler team received an indication that the spacecraft fuel tank is running very low


DART Gets Its Wings: Spacecraft Integrated with Innovative Solar Array Technology and Camera


The design and fabrication of DebriSat are led by UF (University of Florida)


VTT develops a miniaturized spectral camera for ESA’s Picasso nanosatellite mission


Tianwen-1 launched from Wenchang, south China, July 23, 2020


Io is the most volcanically active body in the solar system


The maximum depth of discharge experienced by the batteries was low, at 21.5% and 27.29%, during the two eclipse seasons


Using the latest radar altimetry technology


New foam materials and configuration will be adopted to capture fragments, reduce damage to the fragments, and to allow for easy extraction of fragments from the panels for post-test measurements


The CME was associated with an M1.6 class solar flare


Working fluid Nitrogen (N 2 ) at max. expected operating pressure of 310 bar (MEOP)


NASA has authorized a mission extension for its Juno spacecraft exploring Jupiter. The agency's most distant planetary orbiter will now continue its investigation of the solar system's largest planet through September 2025


SWAVES can probe a CME from lift-off to Earth


Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich was lofted into orbit on 21 November from VAFB in California


SpooQy-1, a CubeSat to demonstrate an entangled photon light source


Over 250 of the extragalactic point sources detected with INTEGRAL have been identified as AGN (Active Galactic Nuclei)


Figure 26: Copernicus Sentinel-6 sea-level anomaly data


Steven M. Levin, a Juno project scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory


The pointing strategy is based on pointing the S/C to minimize the scattered light in COR1


The research efforts, including critical contributions to the detector operation, are supported by funding agencies in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the USA


STEREO instruments will continue to run 24 hours a day


Mapping up to 95% of Earth's ice-free ocean every 10 days


In the context of the senior review, the discussion of the extension and the evaluation was done considering the two options


The primary mirror is mounted onto three focus mechanisms


The satellite's eventual entry into the atmosphere in 2029


We at ESA are very proud of the contribution we make to the EU’s Copernicus Programme


NASA later confirmed that the spacecraft was in good health


NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the telescope


VENµS spacecraft of ISA/CNES, along with OptSat-3000 of the Italian Ministry of Defense, was launched on August 02, 2017


The 28 international customer satellites


April 2, 2019: NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine has revealed


Jupiter's orbit is five times farther from the Sun than Earth's orbit


The SSC (STEREO Science Center) and the FDF (Flight Dynamics Facility), both located at GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) in Greenbelt, Maryland


There was a geomagnetic storm during 8–9 October, 2012


The STEREO observations “are just tantalizing hints at an entire new set of phenomena”


Project leader Davide Masutti of the Von Karman Institute


The FTHSI instrument contains three major optical subsystems: a monolithic Sagnac interferometer which produces the spatially modulated interferogram; a Fourier transform lens, which frees the spectral properties of dependence on aperture geometry and allows the wide FOV; and a cylindrical lens, which re-images one axis of the input aperture onto the detector array providing the one dimension of imaging


Phi-Sat-1 (Φ-Sat-1) is the first on-board ESA initiative (6U CubeSat)


The data from the extended mission were also made available to the public and science community immediately


Carrying a scientific payload of about 650 kg


After the publication of the 4th edition in 2002


Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, launched on 21 November


The RA PRF is fixed during an Rx tracking cycle but adjusted along the orbit (around 9.1 kHz)


The CCD detector assembly uses a backside-illuminated, backside-thinned and pacified array of size 2k x 2k


Astronaut Kanai introduced an overview of the ISS and the JEM Small Satellite Orbital Deployer (J-SSOD)


A region in the Cygnus and Lyra constellations of our Galaxy


BIROS minisatellite was launched as a secondary payload on June 22, 2016 (03:56 UTC) aboard a PSLV vehicle of ISRO (PSLV-C34 flight)


The Iridium PRIME SV (Space Vehicle) bus is derived from the Iridium NEXT SV bus designed for 12.5 years of reliability


The Poseidon 4 is a fully redundant normal incidence Ku- and C- band pulse-width limited SAR Radar Altimeter


A team of scientists led by the heliophysics group at SwRI (Southwest Research Institute) in Boulder, CO has used observations of Comet Encke’s tail using NASA’s STEREO


Which will continue in its various phases until early 2016


The satellite has to look down through 1300 kilometers of atmosphere


Orbital velocity, ground track velocity 7.2 km/s, 5


The CSSWE project is studying violent activity in the solar atmosphere


Proceedings of the 58th IAC (International Astronautical Congress), International Space Expo, Hyderabad, India, Sept. 24-28, 2007


This strategy consists of several off-pointings of the spacecraft pointing axis from the target in steps of 2º


Provide high resolution imagery at 2 m GSD (nadir)


To 100 bars, or 100 times the atmospheric pressure at Earth's surface


It wasn't clear if STEREO-B had fired its thrusters in such a way as to affect its expected orbit


Carrying along two scientific instruments


The inner, middle, and outer planets take 49, 87, and 303 days, respectively, to orbit around their suns


Although there is an onboard calibration system for the TIR (Thermal Infrared) bands of COCTS


A ramp on the lander has been extended to the surface of Mars


Yasjka Meijer, CO2M Mission Scientist at ESA


The background image is a map of sea-level anomalies from satellite altimeter data provided by the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service for 4 December 2020


Once validated in a balloon test, a SPEQS-CS device was integrated in the GomX-2 satellite for ISS launch in 2014


The trigger rate and the data stored has to cope with maximum data transfer rate from the satellite, which is 50 GB per day


The lifetime of Gaia, ESA's billion star surveyor, was extended by eighteen months, from 25 July 2019


GDC, mission will use a fleet of small satellites, much like weather sensors on the ground, to track the electrical currents and atmospheric winds coursing through the area


Data collected by the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument


The ESA (European Space Agency) JUICE mission, which will explore the icy Galilean moons with an emphasis on Ganymede


The ADCS will utilize the standard Clyde Space three-axis CubeSat reaction wheel system


While the diameter of the Jovian world is 10 times larger than that of Earth


The probe will land on the Martian surface before July 2021


The MANTIS mission aims to provide a vertically integrated remote sensing solution built specifically to address these specific needs of the oil and gas sector


MOS-P (Modular Optoelectronic Scanner - Priroda) is a passive pushbroom imaging spectrometer of medium spatial resolution


Its data indicate wind speeds of the new cyclone average 362 km/h


Launched less than three weeks ago, the Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite has not only returned its first data


This view from the JunoCam imager on NASA's Juno spacecraft shows two storms merging


Each of the 42 CCDs are 59 x 28 mm in size


It serves that data to the international science community, and to the general public, through its own website


Measurement of Jupiter's asymmetric gravity field


The OWLS demonstrator on NanoSat-01 consists of two experiments


There are two solar panels of size 0.81m x 0.72 m


The particle flows contained such high amounts of iron and helium-3


Published today in Astrophysical Journal Letters


The Flight Segment System Engineer at BATC provides substantial support to the Project System Engineer


An additional GPS receiver, GNSSRO, provided by NOAA and developed by NASA/JPL, will be dedicated to radio-occultation measurements


Optical satellite downlinks suffer from limited availability due to cloud coverage


Amateur radio operators heard the beacon over Europe, and other places around the world on Sept. 13, 2012


The receiver uses GPS and Galileo signals either separately or in combination


DRACO starts supplying images to DART's on-board autonomous navigation system more than 50,000 miles from its target


The FDF at the NASA GSFC determines the orbits of the observatory from tracking data provided by the DSN ground stations


Tianwen-1 launched from Wenchang, south China, July 23, 2020 on a Long March 5 heavy-lift rocket


The study of Mars is believed to be significant for understanding the evolution of the Earth


The spacecraft was now 1.1 million kilometers from the planet


QARMAN experienced a 4-day period of full sunlight


PHA (Potentially Hazardous Asteroid) flyby March 06, 2022


Two Heads Are Better than One: ICON & GOLD Teaming Up To Explore Earth's Interface to Space," NASA, 4 Jan


In 12 spectral bands in the visible and near-infrared


CUTE-1.7+APD-2 CubeSat of the Tokyo Institute of Technology (TITech)


Drifting at about 22º per year from the Sun-Earth line


The prototype instrument is providing a total of 64 spectral bands in the VNIR region


Attitude knowledge < 0.003º for 2 axes, < 0.007º for third axis (1σ)


K2-288, which contains a pair of dim, cool M-type stars


As much as 10 Mbit/s of surge capacity may be available for temporary periods of time


Astronomers believe there are tens of millions of active black holes spread throughout space


The unregulated main-bus (29.5 - 33.6 V)


Researchers of the University of Bern and the National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) PlanetS


STEREO: 10 Years of Revolutionary Solar Views


Estimate how many planets there are in multiple-star systems


IKAR-D is a three-channel scanning microwave radiometer at wavelengths of 0.3, 0.8, and 1.35 cm


The moons that orbit Jupiter are mostly water ice


Separate agreements were signed to launch single payloads with a maximum mass of 30 kg


It is also important to measure the thickness and layers of ice and carbon dioxide in the polar region


They detected the chemical signatures of water above the planet's deepest clouds


DART will demonstrate the kinetic impact technique and will measure the effect of the DART impact


The mission will consist of two 1.5U (10 x 10 x 15 cm) CubeSats


12 Flock-2p Earth observation satellites (3U CubeSats) of Planet Labs (each with a mass of 4.7 kg)


It is expected to change to its dedicated science orbit with a period of 7.8 hours


Planet, headquartered in San Francisco, has three satellite constellations (SkySat, Dove, RapidEye) with more than 150 satellites


The picosat pair (PICO20 and PICO22) were stored onboard the host spacecraft for a period of 13 months


Instrument mass, power 50 kg, average = 29


Stimulating projects to monitor the planet's forests, map soil moisture and measure surface deformation and motion from space, in the context of natural and anthropogenic disasters


The surface-mounted solar cells (GaAs) provide an average power of ~ 5 W


The Juno team has also released its latest image of Jupiter's faint dust ring


Figure 44 shows the sensor configuration that is flying on the CINDI mission and a schematic illustration of the ICON configuration


The LLITED mission is a grant awarded to The Aerospace Corporation


With an enormous number of tricky signals, astronomers knew the algorithm would make mistakes


An autonomous process of the probe lasting seven to eight minutes


The scientists studied the movements of hundreds of dense chunks of glowing ionized gas within the ribbon of Comet Encke’s tail


NASA has dubbed the “7 minutes of terror”


Kepler is part of NASA's Discovery Program designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way to discover Earth-size exoplanets in or near habitable zones and estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets


The team assesses the current state of the magnetic field using data from the European Space Agency's Swarm constellation, previous missions from agencies around the world, and ground measurements


The Search-Coil Magnetometer (SCM) measures the magnetic field fluctuations in ionosphere


The probes are thin cylindrical titanium rods


Swiatowid, a 2U CubeSat, a technology demonstration satellite developed by SatRevolution S.A.


Deriving the distance to the ocean surface to a few centimeters


Detailed analysis and modeling of the Waves data are ongoing


A mission with a nominal lifetime of about two years


Reaction Control System (RCS, UK). Including: Pressure Transducers (PT, NL), Flow Control Valves (FCV) including Catalyzer Bed Heaters (CBH), Latch Valves (LV), Thermocouples and Temperature Sensors


In its search of planets orbiting some 200,000 of the brightest and nearest stars to the Earth


The large distance to the spacecraft (~2 AU)


During which the trapped radiation belt electrons have their largest variations


NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Juno mission


The overall size is about 2.7 m in diameter and 4.7 m high


Not surprised to hear about the quality of its output


In December of 2001, Kepler was selected as Discovery Mission #10


3 maximum power point tracking battery charge regulators providing protected primary power lines: 3.3 V at 4.5 A, 5 V at 4.5 A, 12 V at 1.5 A, and unregulated battery V at 4.5 A


Jupiter's main auroral oval – an oblong curtain of light that surrounds both poles


Ganymede is also the only moon in the solar system with its own magnetic field


40 cm (along-track) x 20 cm (cross-track) x 50 cm (nadir axis)


The hardware platform (mainboard of ASAP-L) shown in Figure 2 (right) is equipped with 32 GByte of FLASH


NASA is constantly monitoring the skies and has already identified nearly 40% of potentially hazardous asteroids larger than 140 meters (459 feet) in size


Then, a few minutes later, XMM sees a burst of X-rays


HRMR consists of bands at 90 GHz, 130 GHz, and 168 GHz


Report to 13th IOCCG (International Ocean-Color Coordinating Group) Committee Meeting, UNESCO HQ, Paris, France, Feb. 12-14, 2008


A proposal to extend INTEGRAL until the end of 2020


NASA has decided to retire the spacecraft within its current, safe orbit, away from Earth


Basic models of the ionosphere predict that there should be a regular rise and fall of this portion of the atmosphere as the Earth rotates from day to night


On Jupiter, the visible eastward and westward jet streams are likewise asymmetric north and south


A scientific program consisting of 39 experiments


It has exhibited a small number of outbursts over the past few years


Integral took the X-ray images using the IBIS (Imager on Board the INTEGRAL Satellite) instrument at roughly eight minute intervals


Scene length range of imagery 10 km to 473 km


In a hermetic (N2-pressurized) container


The Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite was launched from SLC-4A at Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA, USA


NASA, SpaceX Launch DART: First Test Mission to Defend Planet Earth


"Joint French-Israeli VENµS mission," July 2005


The compact black hole orbits the star and, due to its strong gravitational attraction, collects a lot of the gas


Attitude pointing accuracy of < 0.3º (3σ)


Stephen Clark, "Indian military satellite, 20 more Planet imaging CubeSats launched by PSLV," Spaceflight Now, 1 April 2019


A Soyuz-U launch vehicle with the unmanned Progress M-52 No. 352 (ISS mission 17P) blasted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on Feb. 28, 2005


The other NanoAvionics satellite launched was BlueWalker 1


ArduSat-X, a 1U CubeSat of NanoSatisfi Inc.


The PICASSO 3U CubeSat was launched at 01:51 UTC, 03:51 CEST on 3 September 2020


YES2 team claims a space tether world record


Currently, it is about 212 million km away from Earth


A sensor board in each PICOSAT has one chip containing 4 MEMS RF switches


Assisted in the development of the magnetometer on the Tianwen-1 orbiter and helped calibrate the flight instrument


Momentus has signed a contract modification with NASA's Kennedy Space Center to provide orbital delivery services to transport two satellites to orbit


The Italian Space Agency (ASI) contributed the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper


Conclusion of the experiment: Final autonomous approach to 30m, DLR, 7 Dec


The CME was travelling over 2900 km/s as it left the sun


The CCDs are the silicon light-sensitive chips that are used in today’s TV cameras, camcorders and digital cameras


Dean Pesnell, SDO project scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland


These objects mainly correspond to the late stages of stellar evolution and are characterized by strong emission in the high-energy end of the electromagnetic spectrum


FOV (Field of View) 2.2º (cross-track direction)


The FOV covers a 47.5º cone around the Parker Spiral field direction


In 2013, Kepler’s primary mission ended when a second reaction wheel broke


"COSMO-SkyMed Interoperability, Expandability and Multi-Sensor Capabilities: The Keys for Full Multi-Mission Spectrum Operations"


CSES is the first satellite of a space monitoring system proposed in order to investigate the topside ionosphere - with the most advanced techniques and equipment - and designed to gather world-wide data of the near-Earth electromagnetic environment


Qarman CubeSat: falling into a fireball," ESA / Enabling & Support / Space Engineering & Technology, 10 February 2020, URL: http://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/ http://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/ Space_Engineering_Technology/Qarman_CubeSat_falling_into_a_fireball%20


Among mission objectives, scientific goals are Polar Ice and Snow monitoring, soil moisture monitoring, terrain classification and terrain change detection (i.e. hazard detection and monitoring, water quality), while technological goals are optical Inter-Satellite Link (OISL) demonstration


PICASSO, a 3U CubeSat mission (mass of 3.8 kg) developed for ESA ( European Space Agency) led by BISA (Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy), in collaboration with VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd, Clyde Space Ltd. (UK) and the CSL (Centre Spatial de Liège), Belgium


A ground-penetrating radar, a key probe instrument, was developed by the Aerospace Information Research Institute under the Chinese Academy of Sciences


Spectral photon depletion (5 km to 50 km altitude in 5 km increments


Engineers and scientists have spent the past year calibrating and analyzing data from the new satellite against the existing Jason-3 mission


The satellite is very agile providing a body-pointing capability in along-track and cross-track of up to ±45º


TDS: 250,000 samples/s time series snapshots


Compressed and stored in SSR (Solid State Recorder) of 16 Gbit capacity


Seven instruments and the spacecraft's JunoCam were operating during the flyby


The distance to most of the stars for which Earth-size planets can be detected by Kepler is from 600 to 3,000 light years


Data from Juno's JIRAM (Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper) instrument indicates we went from a pentagon of cyclones surrounding one at the center to a hexagonal arrangement


August 30, 2018: The first-ever mission to demonstrate an asteroid deflection technique for planetary defense has moved into the final design and assembly phase


By cross-calibrating Sentinel-6 against its predecessor Jason-3 to within 1 mm


MOS-B is a 13-channel spectrometer in the range of 408 to 1010 nm


The spacecraft is being monitored and controlled from the ISRO mission control center in Bangalore, India


The system must be calibrated to within the desired measurement accuracy for all objects imaged


The Sentinel-6 Poseidon-4 radar is illuminating the scene from the north


Poseidon-4, that uses dedicated onboard processing


FUV is nominally pointed 20º down towards nadir from the -Y axis of ICON


NASA's Europa Clipper, which will focus on Ganymede's neighboring ocean world Europa


A planet roughly twice the size of Earth located within its star's habitable zone


Size 12 m in length, 4.35 m diameter (max)


They immediately alerted other observatories around the world of the outburst’s position


The three-month safe mode period was necessary because of the geometry between Earth, the sun, and STEREO-A


The objective is to provide an on-orbit demonstration of advances in low-power electronics


The mission is being funded by a NASA Heliophysics Technology and Instrument Development (H-TIDeS) program grant


Estimated to be about 1.9 times Earth's size


The impact of the ~560 kg DART spacecraft at 6 km/s will produce a binary orbit period change greater than 7 min


A solar array was not included in the launch configuration


NASA Juno Mission Completes Latest Jupiter Flyby," NASA Feature, 9 December 2016


The gravitational pull of the giant moon has affected Juno's orbit, resulting in the reduction of its orbital period from 53 days to 43 days


The tug of gravity from the Moon and Sun causes tides to rise and fall


The distribution of effort can be split into 4 major tasks: Science Systems Engineering, Mission/Project Systems Engineering, Flight Segment Systems Engineering, and Ground Segment Systems Engineering


China launched Tianwen 1, the country's first independent Mars mission, on July 23 from Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province


The satellite's newly-deployed GNSS Precise Orbit Determination receiver, which combines both GPS and Galileo constellations signals


The construction material for both the optical unit and the baseplate are titanium (specifically, Ti-6AL-4V, grade 5)


Integral uses ‘reaction wheels’ – wheels that store energy as they spin – to subtly control the direction the spacecraft points in without the need of thrusters


From the vantage point of its 86.4 degree inclined orbit


Neutron stars have such a strong gravitational field


Retro-Reflector Unit (RRU), to route the beam to the other spacecraft


The spacecraft once again started to rotate


Over the course of the mission, Juno's perijoves have migrated northward


Ending with a PDR (Project Design Review) in Dec. 2003


Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 83, Issue A6, June 1, 1978


Strong emission should occur when dense stellar remnants such as neutron stars or black holes spiral towards each other before coalescing


ICON will begin sending back its first science data in November


An uplink frequency of 250 kbit/s is used


Together with tide gauges, these satellites tell us clearly that our planet is changing


The orbital pattern takes the satellites directly over tide gauge stations on the French island of Corsica and an oil rig off of California


An occurrence rate of about 50% — that is, about half of Sun-like stars have rocky planets capable of hosting liquid water on their surfaces


All the components of the board have been selected capable to withstand a -40ºC to 85ºC operating range


Like the sun, Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium


Imaging in the infrared part of the spectrum


Data Acquisition (DAQ) Board: manages all the scientific data of HEPD


A Ku-band (13.76 GHz) nadir-viewing radar altimeter


The design of the MZI micro-interferometer is based on MOEMS (Micro Opto-Electro-Mechanical System) technology


Dimensions, stowed: 0.67 m W x 0.83 m L x 0.86 m H


10 pairs of space qualified triple junction solar cells can provide on average 4.5Whr energy gain each


Findings From NASA's Juno Update Jupiter Water Mystery


The international flight number is: 2005-007C


Foton-M3 will lose some altitude (~10 km) due to atmospheric drag


Optical Wireless FOTON-M3 experiment,” Wireless for Space Applications Workshop, July 10-13, 2006


Payload customers will have continuous connectivity for payload command and mission data dissemination through the Iridium mesh network


A team of researchers led by Michael Wong at the University of California, Berkeley


Obscured by dust, and then buried in a two-star system enshrouded by dense gas


The mission objective is to provide both ionosphere and thermosphere measurements related to the Equatorial Ionisation Anomaly (EIA) and the Equatorial Temperature and Wind Anomaly (ETWA)


In one frame, the bright X-ray nova IGR J17497-2821 (indicated by the arrow) is seen during its discovery outburst


The spacecraft didn't undergo its full lunar gravitational assist until Jan. 21, 2007


Throughout this entire phase until 2016, at least one STEREO spacecraft will be capturing data at any one time


The Aerospace receiver is single frequency (L1), has 10 channels


Specialized for observing the atmosphere-ocean system in the O2A absorption band around 760 nm


With a 12 bit full-frame readout capability


Ready the 3,000 kg SAOCOM-1B spacecraft for launch


This artist's impression shows a high-mass binary system, composed of a supergiant luminous star (in blue) and a compact stellar object


There are two computers onboard PICASSO: the OBC (On-Board Computer) and PLC (Payload Computer)


A model of the HRMR receivers is shown in Figure 41


This ‘core program’ observing time is used mainly for survey-type activities including regular scans along the GPS (Galactic Plane Scans) and deep exposures of the central radian of the Galaxy (GCDE)


The goal of the SWAVES radio and plasma waves investigation is to obtain unique and critical observations for all primary science objectives of the STEREO mission


DART will have its sights set for Dimorphos, the smaller moonlet orbiting the larger Didymos asteroid


BIROS was fitted with a spring-loaded deployer mechanism that ejected the CubeSat at a velocity of 1.5 m/s


The orbiter is expected to approach as close as 265 km to the surface


Each subsystem is color-coded (with its EU unit)


Determine the percentage of terrestrial and larger planets that are in or near the habitable zone of a wide variety of stars


A set of four operational modes are defined


CMEs (Coronal Mass Ejections) are very large structures containing plasma and magnetic fields


The second Chinese ocean color satellite HY-1B


ICON observes what's happening at the lowest boundary of space, from about 55 miles up to 360 miles above the surface


JIRAM data also indicates that, like hurricanes on Earth, these cyclones want to move poleward


The stiffness was well predicted by such tests (5000-10000 N)


SECCHI Instrument Status Update,” STEREO/SECCHI Consortium Meeting, Brussels, Belgium, Apr. 14-15, 2003


Each of the two 1.5U CubeSats will host a planar ion probe (PIP)


In a stacked configuration using a Delta-II 7925-10L vehicle


"e2v image sensors chosen for NASA's MIGHTI mission"


The near-infrared and shortwave-infrared spectrometer that will measure emissions of carbon dioxide


GHGSat-C1 of GHGSat Inc., Montreal, Canada, is the first of two nanosatellites (~16 kg) as the commercial follow-on to the GHGSat-D (CLAIRE) demonstration satellite developed and launched by UTIAS/SFL of Toronto in 2016


Then, during Juno's 22nd science pass, a new, smaller cyclone churned to life and joined the fray


The rover's solar panels and antenna are seen unfolded


The satellite is planned to be launched from French Guiana


The Foton-M (modernized) series spacecraft are capable of carrying up to 650 kg of scientific payload


The Essaim satellites use also the Myriade microsatellite bus of CNES


Juno's 35-minute main-engine burn will begin


A FM transmitter with output power about 1 W


The STEREO project received first images in over three months from the STEREO-A spacecraft on July 11, 2015


Data collected by the mission will also allow studying solar-terrestrial interactions and phenomena of solar physics, namely CMEs (Coronal Mass Ejections), solar flares and cosmic ray solar modulation


The tether deployed to a minimum of 29.5 km, or more likely to its full length of 31.7 km


Visible light corresponds to 1.65–3.1 eV


One echo is received every pulse transmission at fixed PRI (~1/9.1 kHz)


Will test what’s known as the kinetic impactor technique


AVANTI will fully autonomously calculate an optimized flight path for BIROS


There are two different types of stray light: 1) a reflection of one band onto itself (local stay light, type 1) 2) a reflection on one band on the other bands (cross-talk stray light, type 2)


CUTE-1.7+APD-2 (3.5 kg) CubeSat of the Tokyo Institute of Technology (TITech)


A highly collimated jet, aligned with the spin axis of the pulsar


The OPD (Optical Path Difference) between the recombining beams linearly changes with the angle (slope) of the entering ray onto the instrument optical axis


JunoCam, is aboard to generate images for education and public outreach


A steerable HGA (High Gain Antenna) for heliocentric orbit communications


The Tianwen mission is also a technology demonstration mission for China's next mission to Mars, which is an ambitious sample-return mission slated for the 2030s


They exhibited clear patterns on the scale of about 300,000 miles


Data rate 2.56 Mbit/s (onboard processing)


Kepler has a very large field of view — approximately 100 square degrees — for an astronomical telescope


The mirrors are light-weighted to about 60% as in CartoSat-1 series


The target centroiding performance is still at the subpixel level (1 pixel corresponds here to 80 arcsec)


On the occasion of the first anniversary of the launch of the Copernicus Sentinel-6 Micheal Freilich satellite


Returned to Landing Zone 1 on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station


The amount of water the Galileo probe measured appeared to be still increasing at the greatest depth measured


It is now on a shaker, which tests the satellite's mechanical integrity


Each one of the northern cyclones is almost as wide as the distance between Naples, Italy and New York City


The newfound planet K2-288Bb, illustrated here, is slightly smaller than Neptune


A mono-propellant reaction control system thrusters


NASA Goddard built and runs Juno's magnetometer instrument


Packs the mass of nearly one and half Suns into a sphere only 10 km across


Kepler Observatory was launched on 7 March 2009


Twenty-two minutes before the main engine burn, at 7:56 p.m. PDT (10:56 p.m. EDT)


Though no observational proof had yet been found


The MightySat-II.1 spacecraft reentered the atmosphere on Nov. 12, 2002


New UK-led satellite will identify natural resources from space


The EPS generates electrical power in sunlight by operating the 17.5m2 body mounted solar array


The launch is currently targeted for November 2020


Objective: Testing of a nano cold gas propulsion system, innovative attitude sensors and a commercial GPS receiver


An instrument on NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft launched in 1996


CSSWE (Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment) University of Colorado at Boulder 3U


The FSW (Flight Software) for the payload resides on the DCB (Data Control Board) which is one board in the ICP


The spacecraft has been collecting data on the gas giant's interior since July 2016


Image processing by Gerald Eichstädt/Seán Doran


ESA and NASA ground stations are keeping in touch with INTEGRAL


Neutron stars are characterized by their fast rotation


The ice near both poles of the moon is amorphous


LX: Interleaved in Closed/Open Loop tracking mode with LRM + SAR I&Q data


A radiation energy of up to 18 megawatts for individual zones within the overall area affected by fires in California


A flaring active galaxy, or blazar, 4 billion light years from Earth


The telescope structure consists of a lightweight bezel of titanium to which the primary mirror is fixed and a composite-material tube


It is specifically designed to continuously observe a single FOV (Field of View) of > 100 deg 2 for 3.5 or more years


ICON was designed, built, and launched to provide data we had never seen before


The satellite has also discovered a completely new class of high-mass X-ray binaries, called highly absorbed X-ray binaries


The payload mass will be more than 200 kg


October 2013 Vibration and thermal vacuum tests


INTEGRAL was hit by the strongest flux of gamma rays ever measured by any spacecraft


Rapid throttling capability (>100µN. S-1)


First flight of novel satnav receiver Sentinel-6 carries a pair of shoebox-sized Precise Orbit Determination Receiver (PODRIX) units


MSU-SK also measures in the infrared spectrum (10.4 to 12.6 µm, TIR)


Emission from AGN in the soft gamma-ray band is also crucial to study


On March 22, 2022, the newest U.S.-European sea level satellite, named Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, became the official reference satellite for global sea level measurements


Vega return to flight proves new rideshare service,” ESA Enabling & Support, 3 September 2020


Over the course of the 20th Century, sea level rose at about 1.5 mm per year


By the team of Roland Diehl and Giselher Lichti from the MPE


Detailed knowledge of topography is fundamental to the understanding of most Earth processes


The large FOV spans from 20º above to 20º below the ecliptic plane


Martin Wermuth, Gabriella Gaias, Simone D'Amico, "Safe Picosatellite Release from a Small Satellite Carrier", Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 52, No. 5 (2015)


In 2006, the 20th-anniversary GEOSAT data set


La Niña appears when energized easterly trade winds intensify


Every plane is read out by two Hamamatsu PMTs


Two of the four instruments, IVM and MIGHTI, even received their first data


The GEOSAT data for the entire global sea surface was declassified in July 1995


NEXT-C is the next generation system that is based on the Dawn spacecraft propulsion system and was developed at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio


The proposed designs rely on a Xenon mono-propellant solution


The optical bench is equipped with adjustable collimators that provide the possibility to align the mechanical and the optical axes. Furthermore the optical bench provides an alignment cube


China's probe radar to explore internal structure of Mars


Its target, a 170-meter asteroid ‘moon’ named Dimorphos


Zhurong rover, which landed on the Red Planet on May 15


Forming two distinct tails: an ion tail carried by the solar wind — the constant flow of charged particles from the Sun — and a dust tail


Sea life is abundant where rapid changes in ocean depth deflect nutrient-rich water toward the surface


Planets to orbit extremely close to be within that zone – not too warm and not too cold – for life as we know it to potentially exist


Auroras have been detected on seven planets in our solar system


At Jupiter, material erupting from its volcanic moon, Io, leads to the most powerful aurora in the Solar System


And then applies it to the Kepler 36b and 36c system


Jupiter was likely the first planet to form


HRMR sits at the focus of the primary reflector


Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Space Optics, March 30- April 2, 2004


We will stop the drift of Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich and keep it flying 30 seconds behind Jason-3 on the same orbit


Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids


Proceedings of the 69th IAC (International Astronautical Congress) Bremen, Germany, 1-5 October 2018


The nine Merlin engines on the Falcon 9's first stage


Control is provided by four reaction wheels


The resulting energy resolution dE/E is 18%


Figure 38: High-energy polarized emission from Crab Nebula


NewSat-6 (also written as ÑuSat-6), is a low Earth orbit commercial remote sensing microsatellite (43.5 kg)


Image credit: NASA/CXC/ASU/J. Hester et al.(for the Chandra image); NASA/HST/ASU/J. Hester et al. (for the Hubble image)


Orbit: Heliocentric elliptical orbit in the ecliptic plane drifting at about 22º per year from the Sun-Earth line (at nearly 1 AU)


Located about 1.3 billion light years away


Magnetars, generates magnetic fields a thousand million times stronger than the strongest steady magnetic field achievable in a laboratory on Earth


The interplay between solar missions like Hinode, IRIS and SOHO provides an extensive suite of complementary instruments to study our Sun


The result is that the impact imparts a pronounced side to side movement – known as a libration – to the smaller body


The SSR is being controlled by the OBDH (On Board Data Handling) subsystem


The total amount of energy that is emitted in a certain area over a certain time


Kepler's count of surveyed stars up to more than 500,000


The spacecraft has been designed and built by TsSKB-Progress (Central Specialized Design Bureau Progress), Samara, Russia


An Earth-size exoplanet orbiting in its star's habitable zone


With Integral, we were able to keep looking at V404 Cygni continuously for four weeks


Redundant crystal oscillators are used for on-board time keeping with drift rates of less than 5 x 10-11


The magnetic field strength, which in this case was four times as strong as the most common CMEs


The ICP integrates all the capabilities necessary to run all 4 instruments into one unit


Map indicating two preliminary landing areas for China's 2020 Mars rover


The small fragment population so far favors tens of thousands of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) fragments


It collapsed from a white dwarf into a neutron star as a result of feeding off the red giant over a long time


"ICON Fact Sheet," URL: http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/ICON/


Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich was drifting towards Jason-3


The µPLP design is a miniaturized planar Langmuir probe optimized for use on small satellite platforms


The five-ton Tianwen-1 includes a Mars orbiter, a lander and a rover


Providing a maximum storage volume of 20 minutes data in segmented form


SpooQySats: CubeSats to demonstrate quantum key distribution technologies


The Outer Space Treaty prohibits only weapons of mass destruction in outer space


The nanosatellite is a CubeSat made up of standardized 10 cm boxes: at just 30 cm in length


The nominal pointing direction of the spacecraft is toward the sun


The instrument consists of three elements: the antenna (provided by the satellite bus) the connection cable between the antenna and the SSR unit the SSR unit


Davide Giudici, Andrea Monti Guarnieri, Juan Pablo Cuesta Gonzalez


Turned on its four most relevant instruments for the encounter


The spacecraft carried out four trajectory correction maneuvers to refine its orbit


The VM3 mission phase is planned for 1 year


NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter revealed Zhurong’s progress with images captured with the HiRise camera June 6 and June 11


Number of imaging tiles per record 1, 2 or 4


Most of the various events are taken from the reference of the NASA Juno News Archive (in reverse order) at https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/news/juno-latest-news-archive.html


LLITED A and B were launched on April 15, 2023


The image is aligned so that solar north is directly up


ESA authorises the mission’s prime contractor, OHB


An existing electronics module is used that has been developed through the PKB-ALICE, LRO-ALICE, SSULI (DMSP), and JUNO-UVS flight programs


The AVANTI experiment is intended to demonstrate vision-based non-cooperative autonomous rendezvous operations


Height data derived from average echoes at a rate of 10 Hz


December 17, 2021: An audio track collected during Jupiter mission's Ganymede flyby


Only the spacecraft STEREO-A and -B, which have been orbiting our star from opposite sides since 2006


Earth-orbiting spacecraft must avoid collisions with other satellites or an uncontrolled fall to the ground


Kepler’s latest observing campaign, Campaign 19


China's first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen-1, takes a photo of the Earth and Moon at about 1.2 million kilometers from Earth


On July 23, 2012, a massive cloud of solar material erupted off the sun's far side


Attempted to gather chemical signature data in the visible range


Spacecraft mass 30 kg (25 kg of platform, 5 kg of payload)


Spatial resolution (best cross/along track) 28 m x 30 m


LEO near-circular orbit, altitude = 350 km x 359 km


"Point INTEGRAL anywhere in space and it will measure gamma rays," says Pietro Ubertini from INAF, Italy, and Principal Investigator on INTEGRAL's gamma-ray imager


Will be set up for fully autonomous up/downlink operations


The astronomers plan to use XMM-Newton to perform a follow-up observation in the future


Juno Solves 39-Year Old Mystery of Jupiter Lightning," NASA Feature, 6 June 2018


The few planets with a radius about three times that of Earth were found orbiting the most metal-rich red dwarfs


The NGGM has completed the Phase A “extension” phase (8 months)


ESA's Science Program Committee has extended operations of the highly successful astronomical observatories INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton for four years, until 16 December 2010


From earlier observations in the softer X-ray band it is known that the soft background radiation is almost entirely populated by AGN (Active Galactic Nuclei)


Kepler needs to observe more than 100,000 stars simultaneously


The second phase of YES2 is being managed by the ESA contractor Delta-Utec SRC (Space Research & Consultancy) of Leiden, The Netherlands


Iridium 33 and the target for the ASAT test, FengYun-1C weather satellite, were relative modern


BEESAT-4 (Berlin Experimental and Educational Satellite-4) of TU Berlin(1U CubeSat, 1 kg)


This mission marks the first time that Long March-5 carrier rocket exceeds the second cosmic velocity


The last customer satellite was placed in its designated orbit 1 hour and 55 minutes after lift-off


VENµS (Vegetation and Environment monitoring on a New MicroSatellite)


The Juno mission is the second spacecraft designed under NASA's New Frontiers Program


"Catching asteroid deflection mission's first words," ESA Enabling & Support, 18 November 2021


PST (Pressure Tank Unit) with nitrogen which is filled or drained


Never designed to be serviceable after it was installed outside the Station in May 2011


The mission operations tools used for planning, real-time operations, and assessment of spacecraft performance


Moved to a lower circular orbit of 485 km


Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, which was launched in November 2020


In case of failure of one wheel, the attitude control can work with three


Juno's Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper instrument


The star referenced as EPIC248847494 and its distance, 1500 light-years away from the planet Earth


A V-shaped antenna that is about 4 meters from tip to tip


The mission has already completed 16 campaigns


Atmospheric tides created by rainforests form a tidal pattern with three main peaks that span across the globe


High-resolution cameras will be used for imaging the Mars surface and conducting research on the topography and geological structure of the planet's surface


There is currently 174.9 kg left for future operations


NASA Mission Finds Tonga Volcanic Eruption Effects Reached Space, 10 May 2022


Data taken during Kepler's extended mission K2 differs significantly from that collected during the spacecraft's original mission


Evolution and Usage of the TET satellite platform," 2013


The planned March 30 launch of Argentina's SAOCOM 1B radar observation satellite


This ocean topography map offered twice the resolution of the best previous global map


The YES2 data stored in the TeleSupport Unit


The system currently features six point-and-shoot cameras


Satellites launched to the International Space Station on both Northrop Grumman’s NG-12 flight (launch on 2 November 2019)


The rift seemed to be located at the heliospheric current sheet


Despite a search for signals in the megahertz range


As Juno's eyes, it will provide a wide view, helping to provide context for the spacecraft's other instruments


The TT&C is a conventional S-band system


ADEOS-2 spacecraft of JAXA (launch Dec. 14, 2002)


At the provided angular velocity, the duration of the transient motion was estimated to last for about 1.5-2 weeks


Provides a FOV of about 20º x 80º for each SSD


To track their impact towards decarbonising Europe and meeting national emission reduction targets


The CSES mission duration is not provided


The nominal lifetime of each spacecraft is five years


The outburst continued to rise in brightness for a few days before beginning a gradual decline


This project is a collaborative effort between the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) and the Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences (AES) at the University of Colorado


AEDC Range G also helped the DoD, NASA and the Aerospace Corporation perform hypervelocity impact experiments involving an upper stage of a launch vehicle dubbed "DebrisLV"


Rong (meaning integration and cooperation)


Future contribution promise to be compelling


Hangzhou (SIO/SOA): Receive raw data in real time acquiring, processing, archiving and managing, applying and analyzing the HY-1 mission


Mission Design and Navigation for Low Energy Escape


The formation control algorithms are part of the controller in the EPB


Its task was to measure the diffuse cosmic X-ray background


The satellite was maneuvered so that its orientation was fixed as it will remain throughout its useful life


Wide field-of-view telecentric optics (± 51º cross-track and ± 43º along-track)


The research was funded by NASA through the Solar System Observations Program and the Solar System Workings Program as well as JAXA's International Top Young Fellowship program


Proceedings of the 4S (Small Satellites Systems and Services) Symposium, Portoroz, Slovenia, June 4-8, 2012


Number of orbits per cycle, number of passes per cycle 127, 254


Release to all users of near-real-time products equivalent to those of Jason-3 in June


Thus provide astronomical observatories with a place and a time to look out for associated electromagnetic emission


The radar tracking station TIRA (Tracking and Imaging Radar) located at the FGAN site in Wachtberg near Bonn, Germany


The objective is to provide broadband access (internet connectivity) to unserved and underserved areas throughout the world


The ground sampling distance of level 2 and 3 products will be 10 m


The FUV instrument is tuned for observations at 135.6 and 155.0 nm


The heat pipes will be selected with a length of 250 mm


Providing affordable multispectral Earth observation in up to 20 non-overlapping bands in NIR-SWIR (Near to Short Wave Infrared) spectrum


Portions of the rear nylon cap fragmented and trailed the aluminum cylinder during flight


The spacecraft hard command loss timer resets the spacecraft if no commands are received after three days


July 6, 2015: The INTEGRAL, Fermi and Swift space observatories have used the magnifying power of a cosmic lens to explore the inner regions of a supermassive black hole


The HI-2 camera looks further out, from an elongation of 18.36º, with an opening angle of 70º


Neutron stars are remnants of massive stars (10-50 times as massive as our Sun)


A comprehensive study requires a long-term database (greater than a year) of measurements


The system had to be space qualified with a vibration, thermal vacuum and radiation test


It's a critical factor in Jupiter's turbulent weather, too, and in determining whether the planet has a core made of rock and ice


Meeting Organizer, URL: https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU23/EGU23-13535.html


It includes one thermal reservoir, heat pipes, Kapton heaters


The entrance system of PLASTIC employs collection apertures with different geometric factors for the bulk solar wind (H ~96%, He ~4%) and for the heavier, less-abundant ions (<1%) and suprathermals


The DHU (Data Handling Unit) features a distributed architecture comprising a main unit called DCU (DHU Central Unit) and up to four DPUs (DHU Peripheral Units) connected to the DCU by means of high speed SpaceWire links


The energy available from turbulence is more than ten times what would be required to heat the solar wind to observed temperatures


Stripmap swath width > 65 km (each beam)


The final commands were sent over NASA's Deep Space Network from Kepler's operations center LASP (Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics) at the University of Colorado in Boulder


The reaction wheels have a torque of 0.015 Nm


A team led by Nanda Rea from the University of Amsterdam used XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL data to search for these dense electron clouds around all known magnetars


The proposed work is significant because: 1) It advances our understanding of ionospheric irregularities and the roles of various drivers in their formation 2) It will result in an improved predictive capability of ionospheric irregularities 3) The project anticipates that the proposed work will eventually lead to the production of predictive models that will be able to predict the location and intensity of scintillation on various radio signals


“PARASOL orbit lowering and mission continuity,” CNES, Nov.


We are busy with its follow on, Sentinel-6B


The instrument can also be used to study the moons Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto


A neutron star can remove gas from its companion star in a process called 'accretion'


Laser Stabilization Unit (LSU), made of a very stable optical cavity (CAV) and associated coupling optics (optical arm)


The imaging system was developed for size characterization of debris fragments from the DebriSat project


Following a detection by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory (Antarctica) on 22 September 2017


After revealing more than 2,800 confirmed planets outside our solar system


When it does collapse, it releases thousands of times the energy than at other times


Despite the magnitudes of these potentials at Jupiter, they are observed only sometimes


It will affect our EU coasts in decades to come


Data transmission rate 20 Mbit/s in X-band


India is a party to all the major international treaties relating to Outer Space


The aim is to reduce the allocated resources for 2017/2018 by approximately 10% as compared to 2016


This will happen for STEREO-Ahead from March 24 to July 7, 2015


Image credit: NASA/ICON/Harald Frey/Thomas Bridgman/Joy Ng


Deployment was initiated by the Shuttle crew on Dec. 14, 1998


XMM-Newton looked at this unusual explosion twice over the first 100 days of its existence. It detected the lower-energy part of its X-ray emission