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The White House has been briefed on the Mueller report and, while it will not invoke executive privilege, it has "significant concern" about what is going to be released, according to ABC News' Jon Karl.
"There is significant concern on the president's team about what will be in this report and will be unredacted," Karl told ABC News' "This Week" on Sunday. "The good news is already out there."
Karl was referring to Attorney General William Barr's summary of the Mueller report, which found no evidence of President Donald Trump's campaign conspiring with Russia to meddle in the 2016 presidential election.
Now, the White House will have to take some potential political hits from aspects of special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation, especially the unknown of what former White House legal counsel Don McGahn told investigators during what is reportedly "significantly more than 30 hours with" Mueller's team, according to Karl.
"There is significant concerns about what will be in here – new information on the obstruction of justice question, on what the president was doing regarding some of the big questions," Karl told host George Stephanopoulos.
". . . What worries them most is what Don McGahn told the special counsel. Former White House counsel Don McGahn has visibility on all of this."
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You don’t even have to modify your existing Win XP computer to take Linux for a spin. How is that possible? Many Linux distributions allow downloading of a file which can be burned to a DVD or run from a USB drive. Boot your PC from the DVD or USB drive to test drive Linux.
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Free Fall Scavenger Hunt Printable
This post may contain affiliate links. Your cost is the same, but it helps support the site and keep our freebies FREE! Thanks for your support!
Fall is the perfect time of year for a Fall Scavenger Hunt and I created this cute printable just for you guys!! We enjoy going for walks in the fall and feeling the cool brisk air blowing our hair around while we are bundled up in our jacket’s and hoodies! What better way to enjoy a walk with your little one than by going on a super cool and fun Fall Scavenger Hunt.
Don’t forget to hop over and check out these 50+ Thanksgiving Activities for Kids that we have on the blog! There is enough there to keep you busy for the next month!! Interested in more Free Printables?? We have plenty for you to check out now and plenty more to come. Make sure you sign up for our email updates at the top of the page!
There are many other things to learn while on your fall scavenger hunt. It’s the perfect time to talk to your child about the changing of the seasons and the many signs of fall.
Signs of Fall to Look for…
Leaves will begin to change
Leaves will begin to fall off the trees
The weather begins to get colder
Animals will begin preparing for winter
The farmers are in the fields
Dad starts watching football
Those are just a few off the top of my head. You will find many teachable moments while taking your child on a fall scavenger hunt walk if you just take the time to look around. Watch what they are interested in and just go with it!
[…] is nothing better in the Autumn Season than taking a walk and doing a fun fall scavenger hunt with the kids! our favorite thing to collect in the fall is pinecones!! Then we take tham back home […]
[…] is definitely here and we took off the other day on a nature hunt using our fall scavenger hunt printable to find some fantastic fall nature items!! I had already made some of our Acorn Cookie snacks to […]
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package fssh
import (
"encoding/json"
"errors"
"github.com/libragen/felix/util"
"github.com/spf13/viper"
"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
"time"
)
type fsshToken struct {
Uid uint `json:"uid"`
Mid uint `json:"mid"`
Ex time.Time `json:"ex"`
}
func TokenGenerate(userId, machineId uint, ex time.Duration) (secret string, err error) {
t := fsshToken{
Uid: userId,
Mid: machineId,
Ex: time.Now().Add(ex),
}
bs, err := json.Marshal(t)
if err != nil {
return
}
key := viper.GetString("app.secret")
return util.AesEncrypt(bs, key)
}
func TokenToSession(token string) (c *ssh.Client, err error) {
key := viper.GetString("app.secret")
bs, err := util.AesDecrypt(token, key)
if err != nil {
return
}
t := fsshToken{}
err = json.Unmarshal(bs, &t)
if err != nil {
return
}
if t.Ex.Before(time.Now()) {
return nil, errors.New("token is expired")
}
sshConf, err := util.NewSshClientConfig("pi", "000", "000", "", "")
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Connect to ssh server
return ssh.Dial("tcp", "home.mojotv.cn:22", sshConf)
}
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External ear
The external ear comprises the auricle (or pinna), the external auditory meatus, and the tympanum (eardrum). The pinna concentrates and amplifies sound waves and funnels them through the outer acoustic pore into the external auditory meatus, which carries them to the tympanic membrane.
Gross anatomy
Auricle (pinna)
The auricle is the part of the ear that projects laterally from the head. It is composed of an irregular concave plate of elastic cartilage and dense connective tissue, covered by skin which contains short hairs (tragi), sebaceous glands, and ceruminous glands.
Structure
The auricle has a complex shape that is composed of several ridges, notches, and grooves (see Figure 1):
helix: posterior free margin of the auricle
anthelix: a ridge parallel to the helix
crura anthelicis: a pair of limbs located above the external acoustic pore
fossa triangularis:tiny depression between thecrura
scaphoid fossa: the depression between the helix and anthelix
tragus: prominence in front of the external acoustic pore
can be manually pushed back over the pore, to mitigate noise
antitragus: situated in the lower part of the anthelix and faces the tragus
intertragic incisure: a notch separating the tragus from the antitragus
cavum conchae: the deepest depression in the auricle, inferior to the crus of the helix
cymba conchae: depression surrounded by the crus of the helix below and the inferior crus of anthelix above
ear lobe: the lowest part of the ear and the only part that does not contain cartilage, situated below the intertragic incisure
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outerbanks - camping Rig - Photo 9731883
We saw some unusual rigs on the beach, including this Ford which was designed for long stays on the South Core Banks. It belongs to Terry and Carolyn McLamb from Goldsboro, North Carolina, who stretched and stuffed it with everything needed for extended beach fishing expeditions, including lots of fresh water and an onboard generator
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Big Thoughts for Little Thinkers: The Trinity eBook (EPUB, PDF)
$3.99
The Trinity promotes the Christian doctrine that there is one God who exists as three persons the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This teaching is important for children to relate rightly to each member of the godhead. Our ideas about God affect every area of our lives.
Description
The most foundational teachings of the Christian faith are presented in the Big Thoughts for Little Thinkers series at a level preschool and elementary children can understand. In simple and precise language, God centered theology is promoted, giving children a firm foundation in God’s timeless truth.
The Trinity promotes the Christian doctrine that there is one God who exists as three persons the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This teaching is important for children to relate rightly to each member of the godhead. Our ideas about God affect every area of our lives.
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I'd have put Halo on the list for a truly excellent co-op experience, or Rainbow Six for the one-shot death. The "storyline interaction crap" for HL doesn't cut it though; Duke3d did it just as well (both were Sci-Fi, one was campy and the other was "legit").
AvP should have been higher on the list; I also would have put an honerable mention to TimeShift (IIRC). And WHAT about Jedi Knight??? Christ, that storyline was WAY better than HL1...
* Purge is now grumpy
Logged
"If it weren't for Philo T. Farnsworth, inventor of television, we'd still be eating frozen radio dinners." - Johnny Carson
Halo only made a difference for the console and even for a console, it was pretty bland. Poor level design. What halo did for the console was, made FPS games workable using a joystick, and offered great multiplayer. It did nothing significant for the pc crowd. The pc version was bland and offered nothing new.
While FPS games were popular before Half Life, Half Life was the one that merged everything together, solid graphics, awesome sound, great AI, and a compelling story. Before that, you would get pieces of that in different FPS games, never found in one game.
There's comedy, there's high comedy, and then there's guys trying their best to ignore the 800 lb gorilla.
I remember when major companies had to specifically enact rules against playing any of those top 5 games during company time...Oh, wait, that never happened.
I'm sorry but I have absolutely no idea what you're trying to say. Are you saying that since the top 5 games weren't played during company time they didn't advance the genre very much? I'll try my best not to ignore the 800 lb gorilla but at this point I think he just flew right over my head.
No Duke 3D? Wasn't it the next big game after Doom? It should have at least gotten an honorable mention.
they mentioned it in the opening.
As to Co-op, Halo didn't punish people for dying, and their waypoint system kicked ass. I agree with LE (I was trying to remember the nagging title I couldn't recall). UU was freakin' awesome, and since you could shoot a bow, it was a first person shooter.
ROTT was a standout for gore, Serious Sam for the 10000000 monsters rushing you, and Hexen / Heretic for the goth stuff.
I'd also add Unreal / Wheel of Time for storyline, and Q3 Arena and UT series for multiplayer.
Logged
"If it weren't for Philo T. Farnsworth, inventor of television, we'd still be eating frozen radio dinners." - Johnny Carson
Pssh...we all know Duke Nukem Forever is #1... .... ......bhahahhaha I can't say it with a straight face!
Personally, I'd bump Tribes up a notch or two. With a good team that was one hell of a great game. I'd also deflate the hypemachine that is Goldeneye. I've played it. It isn't all that and a ham sammich. I'll totally agree with the number 1 pick though.
You know, Chronicles of Riddick: Escape from Butcher Bay, while not strictly a shooter in the traditional sense did bring normal mapping to the table first. That has gotta count for something, give its widespread use now.
It's kind of silly for Halo not to be on the list. Goldeneye may have brought FPS games to consoles, but Halo opened the floodgates (no pun intended ). If there had been only Goldeneye and no Halo, I doubt we'd see anywhere near the number of FPS games on consoles that we do now. Regardless of what anyone thinks of the game, it definitely had a large impact on the FPS genre.
« Last Edit: September 10, 2006, 06:17:45 AM by EddieA »
Logged
"Why did the chicken cross the Mobius strip? To get to the same side." - The Big Bang Theory
I'm sorry but I have absolutely no idea what you're trying to say. Are you saying that since the top 5 games weren't played during company time they didn't advance the genre very much? I'll try my best not to ignore the 800 lb gorilla but at this point I think he just flew right over my head.
Wonderpug, the 800lb gorilla I'm talking about is the one game on that list that had a cultural impact on NON-gamers. Doom transcended gaming, and brought attention to gaming like no other title on this list. No, it was not the first, no it wasn't that best, no, it's not event the best selling (in total numbers sold) FPS. What it is is the first game to broaden the market IMMENSLY. All of the other titles here were great/important/etc to Gamers, and Doom went well beyond gamers, which is why I had the point that corporations started having rules of using network connectivity for Doom. All of the geeks can whine all they want, Doom is the most important game on this list, by a mile.
As an aside, what are the chances we will ever see another Descent game? I loved those. That, and how do you mention Marathon (I've always included it on my list of favorite games ever) and not mention the physics editor? The Phorte editor still blows almost any non-map editor I've seen out of the water. Hell, most games don't even have such things yet.
I agree that Doom should absolutely be high on the list if not number one. As Big Jake said it brought gaming to a huge audience and had a level of immersion that surpassed everything before and after for years. It also introduced elements that would mold the industry such as it's multiplayer options and open architecture that allowed player-made maps and mods.
It's really hard to think of any recent Multiplayer FPS that hasn't borrowed multiple features from Tribes...
1] What, T and S aren't good enough? (TeamSay and Say) Available in almost any iD game after quake2. (1997, Tribes 1 is 1998)
2] Team Fortress (1) mod had classes before Tribes 1.
3] CounterStrike again.
4] is a mishmash of examples, multiple game types for FPSs dates back before Tribes.
1) Was referring to QuickChat, very much similar to BF2's "CommoRose" or whatever you call it. And a lot of games picked up on it, Counter-Strike was the first to somewhat automate it, though the "Fire in the hole!"s get kind of irritating.
2) I never played the original Team Fortress, but I was under the impression you couldn't customize your class beyond just a basic few selections... no custom load outs, ect.
3) I'm going to assume you meant Team Fortress, and I never played the Quake mod. I know they were in the HL mod... but again I'm not too sure what was in the original Team Fortress.
4) I don't actually remember all of them... it shipped with like 7 different game types out of the box, though, if I remember correctly. I don't think too many where that unique, the point I was trying to get at more was how they were laid our with turrets, inventories, power generators, ect - enhanced gametypes.
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About how turnovers cost them the game, Mack said:
“You can’t win when you turn the ball over six times. San Jose was an excellent football team and I really saw some improvement from our football team. I thought the defense played their tails off.” (UH)
“You can’t win a ballgame when you turn the ball over six times.” (HSB)
“I thought every phase on our team improved, except we threw six turnovers. That’s one that got away from us and I’m very disappointed in that.” (HSB)
“Defensively we kept answering the challenge. The 13 points we gave up in the second half were all off turnovers. I thought we did a great job holding San Jose on quick-change possessions.” (UH, HSB)
“We got beat. We sort of gave it away. We sort of beat ourselves. You can’t win a ball game when you turn it over six times.” (SJMN)
Praising their OL, Mack said:
“Our offensive line played very well against a San Jose defensive front that is one of the best in conference. I thought we did some things well on offense, but again, you can’t turn the ball over six times.” (UH)
About how they won last season despite giving up 6 turnovers at Idaho and 5 turnovers at San Jose, Mack said:
“We did it last year, but we were getting turnovers, also. We’re going to lead the world in turnovers — that’s what we have to improve on.” (HSB)
.
About switching their offense to fit with Inoke’s strengths, Ron Lee said:
“(Graunke) was still struggling (in practices), and Funaki had a couple of good weeks of practices.” (HA)
HA Note: “The Warriors also went with quarterback Inoke Funaki, who is best when he is on the move. The past two weeks — UH had a bye last weekend — were spent honing a revised offense with Funaki in mind. The Warriors added bootlegs, rollouts and, when the defense cramped the tackle box, play-action passes.”
.
——————– Quotes from the UH players ————————–
About how they need to stick together, Sol and Adam Leonard told the team after the game:
“No pointing fingers. Unless you played a perfect game, don’t dare look at anyone else’s performance. We’ve all got to evaluate ourselves.” (HSB)
About how they need to focus on Fresno State now, Adam said:
“We talked about not pointing a finger at anyone. Nobody played a perfect game, we all win together and lose together. We are going to learn from this game, we can’t sit around and feel sorry for ourselves. We have to get prepared for Fresno State.” (UH)
.
About how they were excited at halftime with their 17-7 lead, Inoke said:
“(At halftime) we felt good. You know we were excited, we wanted to keep the intensity up and keep trying to move the ball. The second half I thought our offense did well. It’s just me.” (HSB)
About his INT on their first drive of the 2nd half, Inoke said:
“Yoda was there. I just underthrew it.” (HA)
About his final INT, where he thought that Salas was supposed to run a fade-and-stop route but Salas ran by CB Coye Francies, Inoke said;
“It was a bad communication. He was going over the top, and I was thinking he would come back for it.” (HA)
About how his turnovers put the defense into tough situations, Inoke said:
“For the defense it was bad, very, very bad situations. No matter who you play, you don’t give them any rest and you give the other team good field position, you’re not gonna win.” (HSB)
Taking responsibility for the loss, Inoke said:
“I take responsibility for it. The ball slipped out of my hand (on the fumble). The picks, so many. It doesn’t matter who you play, you turn the ball over that many times, and then you give your defense no rest … it was a tough loss.” (HA)
“I feel like a big part of it was me, all the turnovers. Our defense did all that, our defense came out firing. We turned the ball over, too many turnovers in that second half. … You turn the ball over that many times … you can’t win.” (HSB)
.
After the game, Tyler said:
“We lost as a team. It sucks.” (HA)
About how they didn’t take care of the ball, Tyler said:
“It’s nobody’s fault, it’s just that we had the ball in our hands and it’s up to us what we do with it. Gotta do the right thing and we haven’t been. Tonight, we did the same thing, we lost, and we didn’t take care of the ball, didn’t score.” (HSB)
About how he struggled in the game, Tyler said:
“I couldn’t get it done. I got put in a situation to get it done, to win the game, and I didn’t. My hand had nothing to do with it. I felt fine.” (HA)
“I had a chance to win it, a chance to lead the team to victory but I blew it. Or, we blew it as a team. It just doesn’t feel good, same feeling at Oregon, at Florida. Just doesn’t feel good to lose.” (HSB)
About his first drive, which ended in a missed 55-yard FG, Tyler said:
“I had to read every throw and made a couple bad ones, a couple good ones, but … we were in field-goal range, then I took a sack, and that kind of messed us up. I’ll take the fall for that because half the linemen heard the wrong call and that’s my fault for not speaking up in the huddle.” (HSB)
.
About how their 6 turnovers cost them the game, John Estes said:
“We can’t turn the ball over six times. That’s what it came down to. They didn’t beat us. We beat ourselves.” (HA)
About how their turnovers kept making things hard for their D, Estes said:
“We kept putting our defense in bad positions. Our defense played (its) ass off. They (the Spartans) had the ball at the 20-yard line, the 30-yard line, the 10-yard line.” (HA)
.
About how they improved on offense this game, Aaron Bain (Yoda) said:
“They capitalized on some big plays and they made some defensive adjustments in the second half. I think tonight we continued to show improvements on offense and we came together as a team. Coach told us and we know we can’t win with that amount of turnovers.” (UH)
.
About how he suffered what is thought to be a concussion while scoring his second TD, Pilares said:
“I got hit on the top of the head.” (HA)
.
About how he suffered a concussion during their first drive of the game, Malcolm Lane said:
“I was just out of it, I was dizzy and out of it. I feel OK right now.” (HSB)
.
About how their turnovers made it hard on their D, Sol said:
“We have no excuses. That’s our motto. We love the challenge.” (HA)
HA Note: “At one point the UH defense held the Spartans from scoring on nine consecutive series. But a Warrior offense that ranks 119th in turnover differential was unable to put much breathing room between it and the Spartans and it came back to haunt the Warriors.”
About how their play on defense carried over from last year, Sol said:
“We played together, we played with emotion and we played with love for each other. That’s what carried us all last year. In practice, we came together as brothers and took it on ourselves to understand that if they can’t score, they can’t win, no matter what kind of field position they have. Our defense has got to lead this team, and that’s what we’re going to do. Tonight, the team fed off of us. The crowd had our back the whole night. It’s fun playing with love for each other. This team grew as a team tonight. We might not have won in the stats, but we earned a lot of victories in other areas tonight.” (HA)
About how their defense played well in the game, Sol said:
“This is always sort of a rivalry game. The emotions were high throughout the game and games like this are always going to be tough. The emotions helped us tonight, I think that was one of our best defensive games.” (UH)
.
About how he hates to lose, Adam Leonard said:
“I don’t hate a lot of things in this life, but I hate losing. No matter how it comes, whether it’s a blowout or a close loss.” (HSB)
.
About how their defense played well, Keala Watson said:
“I think we finally woke up to the fact that we play a big role in this team’s success. You play how you practice, and we’ve been practicing with a lot of emotion and intensity these last couple of weeks. That’s what we brought out there on the field.” (HA)
“That’s what defined the defense tonight. We came out ready to play.” (HA)
.
About how the plays they were making on defense got their defense even more excited, Keao Monteilh said:
“We were just trying to defend our (Western Athletic Conference) championship. They were coming into our house and trying to take it from us, so we had to do what we had to do. Every time somebody made a big play, we got pumped.” (HA)
.
About how his left triceps was reinjured and he could possibly be lost for the season, Rocky Savaiigaea said:
“They said I tore it again. I won’t know anything until I get it looked at tomorrow, but I heard it pop.” (HA)
.
About his miss on the 55-yard attempt, Kelly said:
“It was a 100 percent shank. It was just a bad kick on my part. I over-thought the kick. I came in too fast. As soon as I kicked it, I knew it wasn’t going anywhere.” (HA)
.
——————– Quotes from the SJSU coaches ———————–
After the game, coach Dick Tomey said:
“The toughest thing, is to win in the fourth quarter on the road … and against a team that has had a bye week.” (HA)
HA Note: “So, for the first time in 10 games over three season, there was jubilation flowing in the visitors’ locker room in Halawa. For the first time in 16 WAC games over three seasons, somebody other than UH had something to celebrate. And did.”
About how this was a great win for their team, Tomey said:
“It was just a great win for us. We had lost two games in the fourth quarter on the road, and we were playing the defending champions – a team that has won 15-straight conference games. The team that won was going to be in first and the team that lost was going to be last. We just shut them out in the second half and made so many plays on defense. We didn’t have a take away and they had too many. I just credit our guys for battling in the fourth quarter on the road and getting the win.” (UH)
“We have a really good kicker and he kicked two amazing field goals. It was just a great win for us. We had lost two games in the fourth quarter on the road and we’re playing the defending champions who won 15 straight.” (SJMN)
Happy with their play on special teams, Tomey said:
“I just thought we needed a touchdown; we had good field position. If we didn’t make it the ball was going to be down there. So I think that was a good chance. We had a good chance to complete the ball; we had someone open. We have a good kicker. His kick offs are unbelievable and he kicked two amazing field goals late in the game – long field goals – to win. He’s one of the best around. Everything he does really helps us. But just a great team effort overall. The offense did not turn over the ball. The kicking game was tremendous. Kick off coverage, punt coverage, field goals, that’s the best job we’ve done on the kicking game. Hawaii’s going to have a really good team. They’re going to win a lot of games. And I think San Jose State is going to have a really good team too.” (UH)
About the pressure their DL was able to apply, Tomey said:
“We had a bunch of sacks. I don’t know how many, but we had a bunch. We had five? Six? We have some good ends. But they doubled (Carl) Ihenacho, who’s our best guy. It freed up some other guys. Guys that haven’t played much like Pablo Garcia, who came into play and did a great job. And Mo Marah came in. We had a lot of guys make plays that haven’t played before.” (UH)
About their halftime adjustments, Tomey said:
“We made a few adjustments (at halftime) to help us with the shovel pass because they gashed us with a couple things. Inoke’s ability to run was real difficult. But we have a good defense; guys with the ability to make plays. We have some secondary guys with good instincts. We have a real disciplined team; we did not turn the ball over in a tough environment. When Kyle Reed was in, he had a lot of pressure on him. He was able to manage the game enough to be a winner. So I’m really thrilled about that.” (UH)
Asked if he thought it would take 6 turnovers for SJSU to finally be UH after 7 losses, Tomey said:
“I don’t give a bleep. We won a close game in the fourth quarter.” (HA)
About the 6 turnovers, the most that SJSU has forced while he has been the head coach there, Tomey said:
“We have a good defense and we have some guys that can make plays. We have some secondary guys who have some good instincts and we have a real disciplined team.” (HA)
About how they avoided turnovers while UH had too many, Tomey said (I think that Tomey said “giveaway” but the reporter wrote “takeaway’):
“We shut them out in the second half and just made so many plays on defense. We didn’t have a takeaway, and they had too many.” (SJMN)
About how UH didn’t score in the second half, something that hadn’t happened at Aloha Stadium since 1998 (before JJ came to UH), Tomey said:
“We shut them out in the second half and just made so many plays on defense. I credit our guys for battling in the fourth quarter and getting the win on the road.” (HSB)
Praising Strubeck for the two long FGs, Tomey said:
“He’s one of the best around. He said (tonight) wasn’t nearly as hard as having all your teammates around you hitting you in the head. We gave him the game ball. He just rallied to the cause.” (HSB)
AP Note: “Early in the third, Spartans coach Dick Tomey chose to go for it on fourth-and-4 from the Warriors 16 instead of attempting a 33-yard field goal that could have trimmed the lead to a touchdown. They didn’t make the first down.”
About the 50-yard FG that Strubeck hit (his previous season-high was 41 yards and he had already missed a 47-yard FG in the game), Tomey said:
“If you stand back there and see how far that is, it’s a damn long way. On the road, with the crowd and the fact that he missed some this year. That really was huge for us.” (HSB)
“The [kick] previous to [the 50-yard] had plenty of leg. And at that time we thought we’d take a swing at it. But he has been a terrific kicker for us. And the way we practice is that we get the guys around the kicker and we throw things at him, and we have people jumping up and down. So that (50 yarder) is not nearly as hard as having your teammates throw things at you, hitting you in the head. We just gave him the game ball and he rallied to the cause. And if you stand back there at fifty yards, that’s a damn long one, on the road with the crowd. But he made two in a row.” (UH)
.
About how he encouraged the defense even though UH was moving the ball in the first half, defensive coordinator Keith Burns said:
“I told (our team) to just keep playing. We’ve got a code that we play by defensively and just had to stick to it and play hard. It was a great team win, a great team effort.” (HA)
“We just stuck to what we believe in. We played with a great deal of pride. We have this defensive motto called The Code and it showed up in the second half.” (HSB)
About how they have struggled against UH’s offense in the past, Burns said:
“You know, we’ve gotten lit up for five, six touchdowns in the past (against Hawai’i), but (our team) believed in themselves and that’s the most special thing about this win.” (HA)
.
——————– Quotes from the SJSU players ————————
About how they never gave up on Strubeck despite his struggles this season, QB Kyle Reed said:
“We never gave up on him. We knew he had it in him. He made big plays for us.” (HA)
.
About how he hit FGs to tie and win the game, Jared Strubeck said:
“It felt great.” (HA)
“I made it for the team. I had to do my part. I was happy to contribute.” (HA)
Happy that Coach Tomey didn’t lose faith in him despite how he had missed 5 of 8 FGs before this game, Strubeck said:
“It feels great knowing Coach still believes in me. It was such a dire situation and we needed a kick even though I’ve struggled.” (HSB)
HA Note “Strubeck tied it at 17 with a career-long field goal of 50 yards with 9:32 to play. It also was the Spartans’ farthest field goal in 13 years. He then won it with 1:49 remaining when his attempt from 47 yards was true.”
About how his teammates prepared him in practice so that the crowd would not bother him, Strubeck said:
“The guys on our team know what to do to get to me. All the noise here is just white noise. The guys on my team — they know exactly what to say.” (HSB)
About how he was 3-for-9 on FGs before his two long FGs to tie and win the game, Strubeck said:
“Was I really that bad?” (HSB)
.
About how their scouting of UH led to his INT of UH’s first offensive play of the second half, safety Kyle Flynn said:
“We went over that play this week and we knew that they would send one guy to the flat and the slotback to the corner. Our linebacker covered the flat, so I went to the corner and that’s where he threw it.” (HA)
Praising their front 7 on D, Flynn said:
“The front seven (on defense) played a whole new game — with a whole new attitude — in the second half, they really made the difference for us. They put pressure on them and (the secondary) was able to come up with some turnovers.” (HA)
.
About how it is hard to beat UH at home, backup OL Steve Lightsy (who graduated from Kahuku) said:
“It’s a tough game playing against Hawaii at home. Words can’t even say what it’s like to come here and win.” (HSB)
.
—————— Quotes from others ———————–
About Colt’s love for Hawaii, Terry Brennan said:
“He has a strong relationship with Hawai’i, and I think he wants to keep a part of himself here.” (HA)
Betsy Brennan said that not having Colt play in the UH game made the experience of watching it:
“a little less stressful. I still screamed my head off.” (HA)
HA Note: “The Brennans were happy to see so many of their son’s jerseys being worn by UH fans. The Brennans met with UH coaches and players during the team’s walk-through and had dinner with friends from the department.”
About how Colt hasn’t been playing much, Terry Brennan laughed and said:
“At least he’s got a great seat to all the games.” (HA)
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The South Australia health chronic disease self-management Internet trial.
To evaluate the effectiveness of an online chronic disease self-management program for South Australia residents. Data were collected online at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. The intervention was an asynchronous 6-week chronic disease self-management program offered online. The authors measured eight health status measures, seven behaviors, and four utilization measures; self-efficacy; and health care satisfaction. Two hundred fifty-four South Australian adults with one or more chronic conditions completed baseline data. One hundred forty-four completed 6 months and 194 completed 1 year. Significant improvements (p < .05) were found at 6 months for four health status measures, six health behaviors, self-efficacy, and visits to emergency departments. At 12 months, five health status indicators, six health behaviors, self-efficacy, and visits to emergency departments remained significant. Satisfaction with health care trended toward significance. The peer-led online program was both acceptable and useful for this population. It appeared to decrease symptoms, improve health behaviors, self-efficacy, and reduce health care utilization up to 1 year. This intervention also has large potential implications for the use of a public health education model for reaching large numbers of people. It demonstrates that an Internet self-management program, which includes social media, can reach rural and underserved people as well as be effective and reduce health care costs. If this intervention can be brought to scale, it has the potential for improving the lives of large numbers of people with chronic illness. It represents a way the medical care and public health sectors can interact.
|
Q:
How to make a global property (setter and getter)?
I need to create an object for example NSString and let other classes get/set the value for it.
thx. for help :)
A:
The easiest way to do this is to attach the value as a property to a singleton instance of some class. One singleton instance that already exists in your application is the application delegate. So, just add an NSString property to your application delegate and you can access it from any class in your app (as long as you #import your application delegate).
In your application delegate:
@property(nonatomic, strong) NSString* someString;
In your other classes:
[self doSomethingWithAString:((YourAppDelegateClass*)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]).someString];
|
Q:
converting google api search results obtained in json format into json object
I am using google api to get search result for certain queries in JSON format. Now I want to convert it into JSON Object in java and access only particular values.
The JSON response format is :
{
"kind": "customsearch#search",
"url": {
"type": "application/json",
"template": "https://www.googleapis.com/customsearch/v1?q={searchTerms}&num={count?}&start={startIndex?}&lr={language?}&safe={safe?}&cx={cx?}&cref={cref?}&sort={sort?}&filter={filter?}&gl={gl?}&cr={cr?}&googlehost={googleHost?}&c2coff={disableCnTwTranslation?}&hq={hq?}&hl={hl?}&siteSearch={siteSearch?}&siteSearchFilter={siteSearchFilter?}&exactTerms={exactTerms?}&excludeTerms={excludeTerms?}&linkSite={linkSite?}&orTerms={orTerms?}&relatedSite={relatedSite?}&dateRestrict={dateRestrict?}&lowRange={lowRange?}&highRange={highRange?}&searchType={searchType}&fileType={fileType?}&rights={rights?}&imgSize={imgSize?}&imgType={imgType?}&imgColorType={imgColorType?}&imgDominantColor={imgDominantColor?}&alt=json"
},
"queries": {
"nextPage": [
{
"title": "Google Custom Search - apple",
"totalResults": "531000000",
"searchTerms": "apple",
"count": 10,
"startIndex": 11,
"inputEncoding": "utf8",
"outputEncoding": "utf8",
"safe": "off",
"cx": "013036536707430787589:_pqjad5hr1a"
}
],
"request": [
{
"title": "Google Custom Search - apple",
"totalResults": "531000000",
"searchTerms": "apple",
"count": 10,
"startIndex": 1,
"inputEncoding": "utf8",
"outputEncoding": "utf8",
"safe": "off",
"cx": "013036536707430787589:_pqjad5hr1a"
}
]
},
"context": {
"title": "Custom Search"
},
"searchInformation": {
"searchTime": 0.206589,
"formattedSearchTime": "0.21",
"totalResults": "531000000",
"formattedTotalResults": "531,000,000"
},
"items": [
{
"kind": "customsearch#result",
"title": "Apple",
"htmlTitle": "\u003cb\u003eApple\u003c/b\u003e",
"link": "http://www.apple.com/",
"displayLink": "www.apple.com",
"snippet": "Apple designs and creates iPod and iTunes, Mac laptop and desktop computers, the OS X operating system, and the revolutionary iPhone and iPad.",
"htmlSnippet": "\u003cb\u003eApple\u003c/b\u003e designs and creates iPod and iTunes, Mac laptop and desktop computers, \u003cbr\u003e the OS X operating system, and the revolutionary iPhone and iPad.",
"cacheId": "5iRmnZTn43cJ",
"formattedUrl": "www.apple.com/",
"htmlFormattedUrl": "www.\u003cb\u003eapple\u003c/b\u003e.com/",
"pagemap": {
"cse_image": [
{
"src": "http://images.apple.com/home/images/ipad_hero.jpg"
}
],
"cse_thumbnail": [
{
"width": "348",
"height": "145",
"src": "https://encrypted-tbn3.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQRUCTcMJO12wSHtTA8iXXzdoaHo1ssBW8cyP5ZONgIdpFtr9gNxmRdruk"
}
],
"metatags": [
{
"author": "Apple Inc.",
"viewport": "width=1024",
"omni_page": "Apple - Index/Tab"
}
]
}
},
{
"kind": "customsearch#result",
"title": "Official Apple Store - Buy the new iPad, Apple TV,
.
.
Now I just want to access "items" array and my code is:
org.json.JSONObject json=null;
json = new JSONObject(jsonResponse);
org.json.JSONObject queryArray=json.getJSONObject("queries");
org.json.JSONArray itemsArray=queryArray.getJSONArray("items");
for(int i=0;i<itemsArray.length();i++)
{
org.json.JSONObject newJSONObj=itemsArray.getJSONObject(i);
System.out.println("Title ::"+newJSONObj.getString("title"));
System.out.println("Link ::"+newJSONObj.getString("link"));
}
This code is giving NoSuchElementException for "items".
Please help...
A:
If my brain is parsing this correctly, "queries" does not have "items" within it.
"queries": {
"nextPage": [
{
"title": "Google Custom Search - apple",
"totalResults": "531000000",
"searchTerms": "apple",
"count": 10,
"startIndex": 11,
"inputEncoding": "utf8",
"outputEncoding": "utf8",
"safe": "off",
"cx": "013036536707430787589:_pqjad5hr1a"
}
], // end nextpage
"request": [
{
"title": "Google Custom Search - apple",
"totalResults": "531000000",
"searchTerms": "apple",
"count": 10,
"startIndex": 1,
"inputEncoding": "utf8",
"outputEncoding": "utf8",
"safe": "off",
"cx": "013036536707430787589:_pqjad5hr1a"
}
] // end request
}, // end queries
You want
json.getJSONArray("items");
I think.
|
SKY – 04
Chapter 4
Cruntiq said, “Everyone, thank you
for coming here today on such short notice. As well as mobilizing and being so
cooperative with regards to the abrupt and no doubt seemingly strange orders we
gave you this morning.” He paused a moment and looks around the hall.
The conversations quickly died as
the audience shifted their attention to Cruntiq.
“I know everyone has questions as
to what’s been going on recently and why you’ve been going on these unexplained
patrols for the last two months.” He paused again, his words briefly echoing
throughout the spacious dome. “One reason we’ve called this conference tonight
is to discuss this with you all, but before we get to that, I’m sure all of you
know that today’s patrol was by no means standard. And I’m also sure most of
you are aware that one squad did not return from this mornings mission.”
“Unit 144 did not return this
morning… We cannot at this moment say that they are deceased, but having not
heard from them at all today, as well as them falling off the ship tracking
system, we must declare them MIA for the time being. News has already been
delivered to their families just before this gathering.”
Hleis looked over at his friends.
They looked back at him; all mirroring the same solemn look on their face, one
that they were all familiar with.
Since birth they were taught the kingdom
was in a state of war, a kingdom that had been in a state of war for millennia,
a kingdom that had been created for the purpose of war. The feeling of
unexpectedly losing friends, without saying a proper goodbye, was a familiar
one. Through repetition it transformed into am aching feeling of emptiness.
Cruntiq continued, “With that in
mind, for tomorrow we will be doing the same patrol procedure again. All units
are to keep their eyes and radars open for any traces or signs of unit 144,
either for rescue or recovery. We will also be assigning three units to travel
the same direction as 144 tomorrow.”
Before he could continue, someone
yelled from the mid rows of the conference hall, “Where the hell are the mages!
My brother died for this and yet they’re nowhere to be seen!? They don’t even
speak to the people they’re making die for their missions!?”
Murmurs and whispers echoed
throughout the hall.
A few people shouted at Cruntiq,
“Yeah! Where are the mages!?”
“Bring them out here! They owe us
an explanation!”
“They’re orders got four of ours
killed! Make them answer us!”
Cruntiq stood for a moment, before he
turned his eyes at Veindelio.
Veindelio did not return the look
and kept his eyes forward at the crowd the entire time, maintaining a stoic
expression on his face. Cruntiq turned his eyes away, takes a blink and a deep
sigh before stepping up to address the hall once again.
“People, do not forget that we are
a strong group. Our small town has been a pillar of the outer trade routes for
decades due to the strength of the individuals that we consider our neighbors.
We owe it to their strength and skill to not assume them to be dead.”
When Cruntiq spoke the people of
West-Hail listened. The trust they had in him translated to the respect they
showed him when he spoke.
“It’s true. The mages have been out
of sight for the majority of you all, but please remember that they only number
in the twenties while we number in the thousands. I have been in contact with
the captain of the mages, the man many of you saw this morning and the man standing
besides me now.”
From the seats, someone shouts
loudly, “Explain yourself mage!”
This was followed by an assorted
array or “Yeah!” and “C’mon!” All from frustrated soldiers seeking to provoke
an answer from the head of the mages.
Veindelio, unfazed by the provocations,
rather assertively stepped up to the microphone.
He was slightly taller than
Cruntiq, while being exceptionally well built despite being a magical
specialist. He had been on many battlefields from his demeanor. His stature
revealed that could hold his own in close combat with any of the people here.
This was apparent to nearly all the soldiers here just from his calmness alone.
He began speaking.
“Although we may come from
Center-Storm in the heart of our kingdom, do not think that we do not recognize
your strength. As an unfortunate occurrence happened today I owe it you all to
give some context as to why we’re here. The Order of Capital Mages is stretched
thin during these times, and as such deployment of our units is reserved for
critically important tasks. I apologize with all due respect, but we have been
assigned to complete a task in West-Hail. One that we must carry out in secrecy
and that has important implications for our entire kingdom.”
Veindelio looked around to gauge
the atmosphere in the room before continuing, “As Cruntiq pointed out earlier,
there are but a handful of mages here in West-Hail. Our numbers may seem small,
but that is no reason to be concerned. Leadership in the capital is aware of
the competence of West-Hail and decided to not to send any more reinforcements.
It is a testament to your town that official military forces was not deployed
here and that the capital trusts you all to be able to help us accomplish our
task.”
He paused yet again before making
his closing statement. “I thank you for your trust, and I promise that all will
be clear in time. The role that you play will be crucial for the success of our
kingdom.”
Murmurs yet again filled the room.
Cruntiq stepped up this time and addressed the group. “Everyone, Veindelio and
I will remain in this hall for a while longer. If you have questions we’ll try
to answer the ones we can. Everyone else is dismissed for the night. I’ll see
everyone tomorrow.”
Traer turned to Hleis and co. and
says, “I’ll stay for a bit, I have a few questions I want to ask. You guys head
on home. You need the rest since you’ll all be heading out tomorrow. I’ll stay
since I don’t patrol and update you guys tomorrow.”
“Only if we make it back,” Maltii
says with a slightly sarcastic disdain for the situation in general.
“Was that it? That’s all they had
to say? What was even the point of this meeting?” Vayling exclaimed.
“Good luck Traer,” Hleis said.
***
The next morning carried on
smoothly but with a more serious tone than the day before. Supplies were packed
onto the ships, the units gathered, and preparations were made in an almost
silent atmosphere.
The defense force of West-Hail now knew
there was real danger in the skies, confirmed by the existence of a missing
squad. They also were aware that they were alone and that whatever they found,
they would have to deal with it on their own.
For Hleis, Vayling and Maltii, this
was especially true as they presumably lost a good friend. Flask pulled their
ship out of port and begun the patrol with a solemn but serious mood permeating
the trip.
The patrol was uneventful that day.
The squad kept their eyes on their surroundings and the radar, but nothing out
of the ordinary was spotted.
They reached the end of their four
and a half hours going outwards away from West-Hail.
On their way back, Vayling said to
Hleis and Maltii, “You know, after the conference yesterday I was almost
expecting us to run into something today. Honestly kind of surprised that we
ended up fine especially since Tyrize did not…”
Hleis jumped in, “Vay, think about
it, of course we were going to be fine. There’s a reason they sent three squads
out in the same direction squad 144 went in. We should focus on returning
safely and preparing for whatever it is that those three groups found.”
Flask interjected, “Aye Hleis,
that’s why they sent out three groups after all. They didn’t send them all out
at once too I hear. Gave them the fastest ships and staggered them. Make sure
that at least one of them makes it back to town to report.”
“Despite what the fancy mage said
yesterday, we are still just a local militia. Gah, how worried do you think our
families and the other townsfolk are right now after all that’s been going on?”
Maltii exclaimed exasperated.
***
It was just before sunset when
Hleis’ squad returned from their patrol. They weren’t the first group to
return, nor would they be the last. Pulling into port, the tension in the air
was palpable as nearly every unit was on edge, waiting on word of the three
units sent out in 144’s direction. The last communication was received around
midday, and none of the three groups had yet returned.
Hleis and Vayling left port
together on their way to the town hall to meet with Traer and Vayling’s father.
Both were hoping to see if any information about Tyrize surfaced today. Outside
of the docks, there was an unfamiliar sense of disorder about. Civilians were
running about in a chaotic fashion, clearly distressed.
Vayling pulled a local shopkeeper
over and said to him, “Hey man, what’s going on? Why’s everyone freaking out?”
“You didn’t see anything out there?
You guys just came back from patrol right? You didn’t see anything?” he replied.
“No, what are you talking?” Hleis
asked him.
“We got a sudden order half an hour
ago from the mayor! We’re supposed to all be gathering supplies right now and
bring them to lowest level! Prepare to fortify! State of Emergency!” He
exclaimed before running off to continue his duties.
Vayling looked at Hleis. Wearing a
confused, but alarmed look on his face. “What the!? They found something!? None
of the guys at the port said anything about fortifying the town!”
Hleis, in a low voice, responded,
“Vay, this was after you left, but at the docks yesterday Traer said he
overheard the word ‘evacuation’. Sounds like they might have found something then,
not today. We have to find Traer.”
Vayling’s normally cheerful
demeanor disappeared. He gave Hleis a head nod and the two take off, running to
the center of town, heading towards the town hall where the defense force
strategic team meets.
To their surprise, three mages were
sitting outside the main entrance, helmets off. Their frustration was on
display by their body language.
Both Hleis and Vayling looked over at
them, but did not stop nor slow down as they entered the hall. Hleis looked
back and made eye contact with one of them, a rather young mage. By appearance,
she couldn’t have been much younger or older than he or Vayling, but wore an
ornate hairstyle and had vibrant golden eyes unlike the magenta eyes of the denizens
of West-Hail.
She and Hleis maintained eye
contact until the town hall broke their line of sight.
Although the exchange was a little
strange, Hleis thought nothing of it; he had no time to even begin thinking
about it, as the main hallway was littered with mages, West-Hail militia and
the scattered and panicked townsfolk. The main door at the end of the hall was
the Mayor’s office.
It was shut closed, but the entire
town hall could hear that something was going on inside.
All the other major members of town
leadership, aside from Cruntiq and the Mayor, were sitting in the main hall, waiting,
along with everyone else, for whatever was happening in there to conclude.
Traer noticed the guys before they
notice him. He waved them down, Hleis and Vayling go over to meet their friend.
“We’ve heard back from all three
teams sent out, no sign of 144, but they spotted some strange aerial
disturbances on their radars, I have no idea what it could be, probably
Mastigs, but Cruntiq does. He ordered a full lockdown of the town and for us to
make siege preparations,” Traer replied.
“144…damn…What about that thing you
mentioned yesterday?” Hleis asked,
“I think that may have been the
stirrings of what’s going on now. The mages were not aware of the lockdown
order. Cruntiq gave the order on his own, without consulting them. Right now he
and the mage captain are in the mayor’s office discussing things, but there’s
no doubt that he’s upset.”
Vayling remarked, “So that’s why
the mages are all scattered about here waiting for something.”
“I’m guessing if we’re fortifying
the town, we’re to make preparations also? Are there any orders for the defense
force? We didn’t hear anything at the dock,” Hleis said.
“Yeah, the vice captain left to
initiate a high level fortification procedure just now. The mage captain pulled
Cruntiq aside before further orders could be given though and that’s the reason
for the state of panic right now.” Traer looked around before continuing, “The
mages look like they’re waiting around as well. From the looks of things, for
our survival, I hope Cruntiq and the mages work it out all right. We’ll need to
cooperate otherwise we’ll be doomed.”
The three of them continued to
chat, keeping an eye out for the occasional messenger relaying information
about the fortification process, returning scout ships and overall supply
levels.
Suddenly the mayor’s door opened
and Cruntiq walked out with a serious look on his face. Veindelio followed
behind him.
“Veindelio, we’ll have to continue
this later, I need to oversee my town’s defenses.”
“…Fine Cruntiq, but if the Mastigs
don’t destroy us, the capital certainly may. You’ll have to deliver impossible results
against these odds,” Veindelio remarked.
Cruntiq replied while still walking
forward, “I’ve seen how this goes before. The capital wastes exceptional and
capable soldiers with their foolish tactics. They waste the resources that they
never even bother to come see with their own eyes while they spend all their
time hiding in Center-Storm.”
“Cruntiq, watch yourself.
Center-Storm is the heart of our nation. They must oversee the defense of the
entire kingdom.”
“A shrinking kingdom Veindelio…Ever
thought how strange it is that in the first five hundred years of CloudStock’s
history, we were basically undefeated against the Mastigs? When the Mastigs
were at their strongest.”
“We had the King of Legends then.
You know this.”
“A warrior king that could live
five hundred years? No, however strong he may have been individually, his real
power was creating a kingdom that could get a high level of usefulness from the
entire population. Not the wasteful recklessness that’s set in since his death
on the battlefield.”
By this point in the conversation,
the two of them had reached the main entrance. Just before exiting the
building, Cruntiq turned to face Veindelio and said, “I’ll take command of my
men, you do the same with yours, I’ll trust you to assign them where you see
fit.”
“Fine, we’ll reconvene an hour
prior to the Mastic arrival.” Veindelio replied as the two go their separate
ways.
The mages naturally flocked to
Veindelio, while everyone else gathered around Cruntiq.
He addressed the local leaders and
all those present outside the hall. “Okay, I’m sure by now everyone’s aware of
the lockdown. We’ve located a class three Mastig attack fleet. A slow moving
one, but they’re on the way to us now that they know our general direction. ETA
is around five hours. No reinforcements, we’re on our own here. We’re too far
away from any military garrison and can’t risk giving away the location of
another settlement. Help the civilians that you can, fortify and supply the
walls and take up defensive positions as directed by the strategic team. Let’s
get through this one alive alright?”
|
---
abstract: 'We consider the wave equation for sound in a moving fluid with a fourth-order anomalous dispersion relation. The velocity of the fluid is a linear function of position, giving two points in the flow where the fluid velocity matches the group velocity of low-frequency waves. We find the exact solution for wave propagation in the flow. The scattering shows amplification of classical waves, leading to spontaneous emission when the waves are quantized. In the dispersionless limit the system corresponds to a 1+1-dimensional black-hole or white-hole binary and there is a thermal spectrum of Hawking radiation from each horizon. Dispersion changes the scattering coefficients so that the quantum emission is no longer thermal. The scattering coefficients were previously obtained by Busch and Parentani in a study of dispersive fields in de Sitter space \[Phys. Rev. D [**86**]{}, 104033 (2012)\]. Our results give further details of the wave propagation in this exactly solvable case, where our focus is on laboratory systems.'
author:
- 'T. G. Philbin'
title: An exact solution for the Hawking effect in a dispersive fluid
---
Introduction
============
The scattering of waves by material inhomogeneities occurs in many guises and is most familiar through the reflection of light at sharp boundaries. The basic phenomenon of scattering may seem intuitive, but new types of scattering become possible when the inhomogeneity consists of a position-dependent velocity of the medium. The flow of the medium can allow additional propagating modes that are absent in the non-moving case. Scattering into the additional modes may be accompanied by wave amplification in which energy is transferred from the flow to the wave. When this amplification occurs in a region where the flow velocity exceeds the group velocity of the wave, the process is analogous to that underlying the Hawking effect at a black-hole horizon [@unr81; @bar05; @rob12]. Inhomogeneous flow profiles and black-hole horizons can both act as amplifiers for waves. The quantum Hawking effect [@haw74; @bro95] of black holes is due to the coupling of the horizon amplifier to the wave’s quantum ground state, the latter being “amplified" into real quanta or quantum noise [@Gardiner]. Both classical wave amplification and spontaneous quantum emission can occur in inhomogeneous flows and several theoretical proposals have now been investigated experimentally [@gar00; @sch02; @rou08; @phi08; @bel10; @lah10; @wei11; @ste14; @ngu15; @ste15; @euv15a].
The Hawking effect in moving media differs most significantly from the astrophysical case in the essential role played by dispersion. The lack of short-wavelength dispersion for waves in space-time renders the astrophysical Hawking effect somewhat singular, as its derivation features infinite wavelength shifts at the horizon [@Jacobson]. For waves in material media, dispersion necessarily limits the wavelength shifts and the Hawking effect has no unphysical features [@unr95; @cor96]. Dispersion has been shown to alter the spectrum of Hawking radiation from the original thermal result for black holes [@rob12; @mac09; @leo12; @fin12; @cou12; @mic14; @rob14; @euv15]. In general the spectrum of quantum Hawking emission depends on the dispersion and the shape of the flow profile. Moreover a flow velocity that exceeds the group velocity of the wave is not necessary for measurable wave amplification to occur [@wei11; @euv15a; @euv15]. Waves in moving media thus offer a rich theoretical and experimental arena where the quantitative dependence of the Hawking effect on dispersion and flow profile can be explored.
A less welcome effect of dispersion is to make wave scattering in the experimental systems very difficult to solve analytically. The most accessible experimental system to date uses surface waves on flowing water, where Hawking amplification of classical incident waves has been observed [@wei11; @euv15a]. The dispersion of water waves is complicated, with regions of normal dispersion ($d^2\omega/dk^2<0$ in the fluid frame) and anomalous dispersion ($d^2\omega/dk^2>0$ in the fluid frame) giving various types of horizon effects [@sch02; @rou10; @pel15]. The system most studied theoretically is sound waves in a flowing Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), and experiments with BECs have detected quantum Hawking emission of phonons [@ste14; @ste15]. A fourth-order dispersion relation is widely used to model the BEC system [@bar05], and a polynomial dispersion relation can also be used in a simple model for water waves. The resulting wave equations have not been exactly solved for an inhomogeneous flow and theoretical predictions of the Hawking effect in these systems are based on approximate analytical techniques and numerical simulations [@unr95; @cor96; @bro95a; @cor98; @him00; @sai00; @unr05; @mac09; @mac09b; @leo12; @rob14; @fin12; @cou12; @mic14; @euv15; @rob16; @cou16; @mic16].
Here we give the exact solution for wave scattering in a flow whose velocity changes linearly with position, where we use a simple BEC model featuring a fourth-order anomalous dispersion relation [@bar05]. The one-dimensional linear flow profile has regions of positive and negative flow velocity, so there are two horizons, one for left-moving and one for right-moving waves. The flow is thus analogous to a black-hole or white-hole binary (depending on the sign of the velocity gradient). A linear flow profile is often assumed in the neighbourhood of a single horizon, and approximate treatments of this case using the same techniques employed here were given in [@unr05; @cou12]. But the exact treatment of the linear profile necessarily involves two horizons. On the other hand, the wave scattering does not depend on the profile being linear at large distances, so that the scattering coefficients obtained here are also valid for profiles that slowly change from linear to flat far from the horizons.
The linear flow profile in the dispersionless case gives an effective space-time metric for waves that corresponds to a patch of de Sitter space, as discussed in ref. [@bus12]. In that work, Busch and Parentani studied dispersive fields in de Sitter space and in a cosmological context considered the dispersive wave equation used here. These authors derived the scattering amplitudes (\[S12\])–(\[S42\]) below by a somewhat different method. Here we provide more details on the exact wave solution and its asymptotics. Also, our focus here is on laboratory systems rather than cosmology.
The linear flow profile is not the example one would most like to solve exactly because it does not model current experiments, but nevertheless it gives some interesting lessons. The results highlight the importance of *reflection*, the familiar conversion of right-moving waves to left-moving and vice versa, where left/right motion here refers to the velocity relative to the fluid. Scattering due to reflection in inhomogeneous flows has until recently been of secondary interest in studies of Hawking amplification, but reflection occurs in the experimental systems and its magnitude affects the spectrum of quantum Hawking emission [@euv15]. For theoretical purposes, dispersion can be implemented in a manner that does not give reflection, so that the left- and right-moving waves do not mix [@sch08], but this possibility is not realised in the experimental systems.
For wave equations in spatially inhomogeneous media, the exact solution for a linearly changing profile is the basis for the WKB approximation for arbitrary profiles [@heading]. In optics and quantum mechanics the solutions in question are the two Airy functions, valid for a linearly changing permittivity or potential. For the wave equation in a linearly inhomogeneous flow we will obtain four solutions, rather than two, and importantly they depend on the dispersion. Our solutions do not therefore have the same universal significance for inhomogeneous flows as the Airy functions have in optics and quantum mechanics, rather they are specific to the dispersion of the BEC model.
The model equation used together with a general description of the propagating modes is given in section \[sec:wave\]. In section \[sec:ksol\] the wave equation is Fourier transformed and solved exactly in $k$-space. Section \[sec:4sols\] presents the lengthiest part of the analysis, in which four independent solutions of the wave equation are defined and their meaning in terms of mode scattering is elucidated. In section \[sec:scat\] solutions are constructed that represent the scattering of single incident modes and the exact scattering coefficients are calculated. The final results are contained in (\[S12\])–(\[S42\]) and (\[S2S3a\])–(\[S2S3b\]), and are visually represented in Figs. \[fig:2in\] and \[fig:3in\].
Wave equation {#sec:wave}
=============
An approximate (1+1)-dimensional wave equation for sound in a flowing BEC takes the form [@bar05] $$\label{wave}
\partial_t (\partial_t+v\partial_x )\psi+\partial_x (v\partial_t+v^2\partial_x )\psi-\left(\partial_x^2-\frac{1}{k_c^2}\partial_x^4\right)\psi=0.$$ Here velocity is dimensionless, $v(x)$ is the (time-independent) flow velocity, $k_c$ quantifies a dispersive term, and $\psi(x,t)$ is the wave field; for the BEC $\psi(x,t)$ is the phase fluctuation in the field operator of the bose gas [@bar05]. A more accurate equation for sound in a BEC can be derived [@mac09b], but (\[wave\]) is often considered in studies of dispersion and the Hawking effect. In the absence of the fourth-order derivative term there is no dispersion of the wave and (\[wave\]) is the equation of a scalar field in a curved (1+1)-dimensional space-time [@unr81; @bar05]. In the non-dispersive case ($k_c\to\infty$) the waves have speed $1$ relative to the fluid and points where $v(x)=\pm1$ are in strict analogy to event horizons for the waves [@unr81].
We take (\[wave\]) as our model wave equation in a dispersive fluid. The central problem is to solve (\[wave\]) as a classical wave equation, as this determines the mode expansion for $\psi(x,t)$ as a classical or quantum field. In particular, the Hawking effect in this system is at root a classical scattering effect for waves satisfying (\[wave\]). The monochromatic wave equation follows from the substitution $\psi(x,t)=e^{-i\omega t} \phi(x)$: $$\label{mono}
\left[\omega^2 +i\omega v'+2 v (i\omega-v')\partial_x +(1-v^2) \partial_x^2 -\frac{1}{k_c^2}\partial_x^4 \right]\phi=0,$$ where a prime denotes a derivative with respect to $x$. The dispersion relation is $$\label{disprel}
(\omega-vk)^2=k^2+\frac{k^4}{k_c^2},$$ which can be solved exactly for four roots $k(\omega)$ that can all describe propagating modes in the fluid for $\omega>0$ (the expressions for $k(\omega)$ are too cumbersome to reproduce here). The frequency $\omega$ in the laboratory frame is conserved for monochromatic waves because of the time-independence of (\[mono\]). The quantity $\omega-v(x)k$ is the frequency in a frame locally co-moving with the fluid, which is the relevant frame for characterising the material dispersion. We see that (\[disprel\]) gives anomalous dispersion at all frequencies, so the group and phase speeds relative to the fluid exceed their non-dispersive values of $1$, except in the limit of zero $k$. As long as the dispersion is entirely anomalous or entirely normal for all frequencies, there will still be at most four propagating modes with $\omega>0$. If the dispersion is normal for some frequency ranges and anomalous for others, there are in general more than four $\omega>0$ propagating modes (water waves provide an example [@rou10]).
![Top: the linear velocity profile (\[flow\]) for $\alpha=1/2$. At $x=\pm1/\alpha$ the flow speed matches the speed relative to the fluid of low-$k$ waves. Middle: ray plots for waves in the flow with $\omega=1$, and with dispersion removed ($k_c\to\infty$). Red (blue) rays are for waves moving left (right) relative to the fluid. Solid (dotted) rays have positive (negative) frequency $\omega-v(x)k$ in a frame co-moving with the fluid. This corresponds to a white-hole binary. Bottom: the ray plots when dispersion is included ($k_c=5$). The mode labels 1, 2, 3 and 4 refer to the four solutions $k(\omega)$ of the dispersion relation (\[disprel\]); these solutions are shown graphically in Fig. \[fig:disp\]. []{data-label="fig:rays"}](figure1.pdf){width="\linewidth"}
![Plots of $\omega$ versus $k$ for the dispersion relation (\[disprel\]) in the linear profile (\[flow\]), for three values of $x$ (with $\alpha=1/2$, $k_c=5$). The horizontal magenta line is $\omega=1$ and its intersection with the dispersion plots gives the propagating (real $k$) modes at this frequency; these mode solutions are labeled 1 to 4. Modes from an intersection with a red (blue) dispersion curve travel left (right) relative to the fluid. In addition, if the intersection is with a solid (dotted) dispersion curve, the mode has positive (negative) co-moving frequency $\omega-v(x)k$. In the region between the horizons, such as in the middle plot for $x=0$, there are two propagating modes. Beyond the horizons ($x\ll 0$ and $x\gg0$) modes 3 and 4 can propagate. []{data-label="fig:disp"}](figure2.pdf){width="\linewidth"}
We consider the linear flow profile $$\label{flow}
v(x)=-\alpha x, \qquad \alpha>0$$ (see Fig. \[fig:rays\]). This flow exceeds the small-$k$ (non-dispersive) speed of the waves relative to the fluid at $x=\pm1/\alpha$. In the non-dispersive limit $k_c\to\infty$ the flow provides a sharp horizon for left-going waves at $x=-1/\alpha$, and for right-going waves at $x=1/\alpha$. This is shown in Fig. \[fig:rays\], where the rays for $\omega>0$ waves are plotted in the non-dispersive case. The two rays for left movers (relative to the fluid) are shown in red and are funnelled to the horizon at $x=-1/\alpha$, undergoing an infinite blue-shifting ($k\to\infty$) in the process. The solid (dotted) ray has a positive (negative) frequency $\omega-v(x)k$ in the co-moving frame. Similarly the two right-movers (relative to the fluid), one of which has a negative co-moving frequency, are funnelled to the horizon at $x=1/\alpha$ and infinitely blue-shifted. This flow profile corresponds to a white-hole binary, i.e. two 1+1-dimensional white holes facing each other. By reversing the direction of time (or reading the ray plot from top to bottom) a black-hole binary is obtained. The anomalous dispersion in the wave equation (\[mono\]) limits the blue-shifting at the horizons and redirects the blue-shifted left- and right-movers into the respective white holes, as also shown in Fig. \[fig:rays\]. This behaviour can be understood by looking at the dispersion relation at different point in the flow, shown in Fig. \[fig:disp\]. As noted above, there are four propagating modes $k(\omega)$ in the flow, labeled 1 to 4 in the bottom ray plot in Fig. \[fig:rays\] and in the graphical solutions for these modes shown in Fig. \[fig:disp\]. Modes 1 and 2 are the usual left- and right-moving $\omega>0$ waves that would be present in a nonmoving fluid ($v(x)=0$); these modes have positive frequency in a frame co-moving with the fluid. The motion of the fluid has the remarkable effect of making modes 3 and 4 into propagating $\omega>0$ waves, despite their having a negative co-moving frequency $\omega-v(x)k$. Modes 3 and 4 have complex wave-vectors in the region between the horizons, with mode 3 exponentially increasing with $x$ in this region and mode 4 exponentially decreasing with $x$. It is not visually apparent from Figs. \[fig:rays\] and \[fig:disp\] how to follow modes 3 and 4 through the region where their wave-vectors are complex and identify which is mode 3 and which is mode 4 when they again become propagating. The identification follows from the four exact roots of the quartic dispersion relation (\[disprel\]) and a choice of branch cuts in these roots. Modes 3 and 4 coincide at two points in the flow, as is clear from the bottom ray plot in Fig. \[fig:rays\]; these modes are thus converted into each other in a continuous manner by the flow. Rays move at the group velocity $d\omega/dk$, and Fig. \[fig:disp\] explains the reversal of group velocity as modes 3 and 4 are converted into each other. Note also that when mode 4 propagates in the left-hand region of the flow its phase ($\omega/k$) and group ($d\omega/dk$) velocities are in opposite directions, and similarly for mode 3 in the right-hand region.
Mixing of modes 3 and 4 occurs at the level of ray tracing and is therefore visible in the bottom ray plot in Fig. \[fig:rays\]. In addition, there is also wave scattering of each of the four modes into the other three modes because of a breakdown of geometrical optics near the horizons. Our goal is to calculate the exact scattering coefficients. The scattering of modes 1 and 2, with positive co-moving frequency, into modes 3 and 4, which have negative co-moving frequency, is accompanied by wave amplification and is the underlying mechanism of the Hawking effect [@unr95]. Modes 3 and 4 scatter into modes 1 and 2 with a similar amplification effect. The wave amplification can be partly understood in terms of the conserved quantities associated with the wave equation (\[wave\]). As detailed in Appendix \[app:conserved\], there is a conserved norm, associated with $U(1)$ symmetry of the action giving (\[wave\]), and a conserved pseudo-energy associated with its time-translation invariance. The sign of the norm and pseudo-energy of each mode is given by the sign of its co-moving frequency (see Appendix \[app:asymptotic\]). When a mode with positive co-moving frequency scatters into a mode with negative co-moving frequency, the total norm can only be conserved if the original mode *increases* its norm. There is thus an amplification of the wave excitation in the system. This occurs with conservation of pseudo-energy, but in the real physical system the energy of the wave has increased while energy is removed from the fluid motion (this corresponds to evaporation of black holes [@haw74; @bro95]). A complete treatment of the physics involved would require a full account of back-reaction on the fluid together with the resulting energy transfer from the flow to the wave, but in (\[wave\]) the fluid appears simply as an external field $v(x)$. In actual experiments the amplification effect is so small that ignoring back-reaction in theoretical predictions is justified.
In order for the notion of scattering coefficients to make sense it is necessary for the waves in the asymptotic regions $|x|\to\infty$ to reduce to non-interacting superpositions of waves associated with the four roots of the dispersion relation and their corresponding rays. In discussing the “modes" labeled 1 to 4 above, we have implicitly assumed the validity of such a picture. If the flow has constant velocity in the asymptotic regions $|x|\to\infty$, it is clear the waves will asymptotically become superpositions of non-interacting plane waves given by the dispersion relation. For the linear profile (\[flow\]), however, it is not immediately obvious that the breakdown of geometrical optics is confined to the horizon regions, since the profile has the same rate of change at all points $x$ and there are rays whose wavelengths grow longer as $|x|$ increases (mode 2 on the left and mode 1 on the right). Nevertheless, waves in the linear profile in the regions $|x|\to\infty$ do reduce to non-interacting superpositions whose components are associated with the roots of the dispersion relation and their corresponding rays. This is shown in Appendix \[app:asymptotic\], where it is also found that the low-$k$ asymptotic modes do not have the same dependence on $v(x)$ as they do for asymptotically constant flows. (This last fact contrasts with the optical and quantum mechanical case, where the WKB solutions for the linear profile have exactly the same dependence on the profile function as for asymptotically constant profiles [@heading].) The flow regions on the far left and far right are thus places where we can legitimately speak of input and output waves and compute well-defined scattering coefficients.
Solution of the wave equation in $k$-space {#sec:ksol}
==========================================
We express the monochromatic wave $\phi(x)$ by a Fourier representation $$\label{four}
\phi(x)=\int_C dk \, \tilde{\varphi}(k) e^{ik x},$$ where we allow any contour $C$ in the complex $k$-plane such that the integral converges and $\tilde{\varphi}(k) e^{ik x}$ vanishes at the endpoints (in practice our contours will run to infinity in the complex plane). The wave equation (\[mono\]) for the linear profile (\[flow\]) then gives $$\begin{aligned}
\left[k^2\left(1+\frac{k^2}{k_c^2}\right)-i\alpha\omega-\omega^2 \right] \tilde{\varphi}(k) & + 2k\alpha(\alpha-i\omega)\tilde{\varphi}'(k) \nonumber \\
& +k^2\alpha^2\tilde{\varphi}''(k)=0,\end{aligned}$$ where a prime denotes a derivative. Extracting a factor through $\tilde{\varphi}(k)=k^{-1+i\omega/\alpha}\exp[-ik^2/(2\alpha k_c)]f(k)$ and rescaling the variable $k$ leads to a differential equation of the well-studied form $$f''(z)-2 z f'(z)+af(z)=0.$$ We thereby obtain the general solution $$\begin{aligned}
\tilde{\varphi}(k)=k^{-1+\frac{i\omega}{\alpha}} & \exp\left(- \frac{ik^2}{2\alpha k_c} \right) \left[ c_1 H_{-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{i}{\alpha k_c}} \, k \right) \right. \nonumber \\
& \qquad \left. + c_2\,_1\!F_1\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha};\frac{1}{2};\frac{ik^2}{\alpha k_c} \right) \right], \label{ksol}\end{aligned}$$ where $H_a(z)$ is the Hermite function (which is a polynomial for non-negative integer $a$), $_1\!F_1(a;b;z)$ is the Kummer confluent hypergeometric function, and $\{c_1,c_2\}$ are arbitrary constants.
Through (\[four\]) and (\[ksol\]) we now have the general solution for the wave $\phi(x)$, expressed as an integral representation. Although there are only two linearly independent solutions in (\[ksol\]) for $ \tilde{\varphi}(k)$, there are four independent solutions for $\phi(x)$ because of the freedom to choose a branch cut in the integrand in (\[four\]). We choose two independent solutions for $ \tilde{\varphi}(k)$ by taking just the Hermite term, or just the hypergeometric term, in (\[ksol\]). For each of these $ \tilde{\varphi}(k)$ we will obtain two independent solutions for $\phi(x)$ by the choice of the contour and branch cut in (\[four\]).
Four independent solutions of the wave equation {#sec:4sols}
===============================================
Both the Hermite function $H_a(z)$ and the confluent hypergeometric function $_1\!F_1(a;b;z)$ are entire functions of $z$ [@dlmf]. The $k$-space solution (\[ksol\]) therefore has one singularity and one branch cut in the complex $k$-plane due to the factor $k^{-1+\frac{i\omega}{\alpha}}$. In the contour integral (\[four\]), which gives us the exact solutions to the wave equation, we must avoid the singularity at $k=0$ and negotiate the branch cut. We will choose the branch cut to run either along the positive or the negative imaginary $k$-axis. Then we choose the contour in (\[four\]) to run from $k=-\infty$ to $k=\infty$, as in the usual Fourier transform, but avoiding $k=0$ by running below $k=0$ (branch cut along positive imaginary axis) or above $k=0$ (branch cut along negative imaginary axis). These two choices of branch cut and contour will give two independent solutions for $\phi(x)$.
Two solutions with $H_a(z)$ in their integral representations
-------------------------------------------------------------
With $c_1=1$ and $c_2=0$ in (\[ksol\]), the integrand in (\[four\]) contains the Hermite function $H_a(z)$. This integrand is plotted in the complex $k$-plane in Figs. \[fig:Hermpos\] and \[fig:Hermneg\], with the branch cut running along the positive or negative imaginary axis, respectively. Also shown in each figure is a contour that that defines a solution (\[four\]). The contours are as described above and labeled $C'$ (branch cut along positive imaginary axis) or $C''$ (branch cut along negative imaginary axis).
![The integrand in (\[four\]) plotted in the complex $k$-plane, with $c_1=1$ and $c_2=0$ in (\[ksol\]). Colour indicates the phase while brightness indicates the absolute value (brighter means bigger). The branch cut is placed along the positive imaginary axis. Parameter values are $\omega=1$, $\alpha=1/2$ and $k_c=5$. The top plot is for $x=4$, the bottom for $x=-4$. We take $C'$ as the contour in (\[four\]) and thereby define an exact solution of (\[mono\]). []{data-label="fig:Hermpos"}](figure3a.pdf "fig:"){width="\linewidth"} ![The integrand in (\[four\]) plotted in the complex $k$-plane, with $c_1=1$ and $c_2=0$ in (\[ksol\]). Colour indicates the phase while brightness indicates the absolute value (brighter means bigger). The branch cut is placed along the positive imaginary axis. Parameter values are $\omega=1$, $\alpha=1/2$ and $k_c=5$. The top plot is for $x=4$, the bottom for $x=-4$. We take $C'$ as the contour in (\[four\]) and thereby define an exact solution of (\[mono\]). []{data-label="fig:Hermpos"}](figure3b.pdf "fig:"){width="\linewidth"}
![The same as Fig. \[fig:Hermpos\], but with the branch cut along the negative imaginary axis and a different contour $C''$. This defines another independent solution of (\[mono\]). []{data-label="fig:Hermneg"}](figure4a.pdf "fig:"){width="\linewidth"} ![The same as Fig. \[fig:Hermpos\], but with the branch cut along the negative imaginary axis and a different contour $C''$. This defines another independent solution of (\[mono\]). []{data-label="fig:Hermneg"}](figure4b.pdf "fig:"){width="\linewidth"}
Our main goal is to quantify the wave scattering in the flow and for this we need the asymptotic expansions of the exact solutions (\[four\]) in the large $|x|$ regions. Every exact solution must reduce as $|x|\to\infty$ to a superposition of the asymptotic wave components derived in Appendix \[app:asymptotic\]. These asymptotic waves do not interact and correspond to the four ray solutions of Sec. \[sec:wave\], propagating in the large $|x|$ regions.
If the contour in (\[four\]) ran along the real $k$-axis we would have a Fourier transform. For large $|x|$, the rapid oscillation in $k$ of the $e^{ikx}$ factor tends to make the Fourier transform zero as $|x|\to\infty$, provided the function being transformed is well behaved. The Riemann-Lebesgue lemma gives the technical requirements [@titchmarsch]. In our case there is a singularity at $k=0$ and we do not integrate along the real $k$-axis, so we need not expect the integral (\[four\]) to vanish as $|x|\to\infty$. Indeed, we know that the low-$k$ asymptotic wave components do not vanish as $|x|\to\infty$ (see Appendix \[app:asymptotic\]). Hence the integral (\[four\]) will be nonzero as $x\to-\infty$ ($x\to\infty$) if and only if the solution $\phi(x)$ contains any of the low-$k$ asymptotic wave components in the far left (far right) regions. The high-$k$ asymptotic wave components, on the other hand, vanish as $|x|\to\infty$ (see Appendix \[app:asymptotic\]) and we must also extract these components from the solution (\[four\]). We thus require not simply the leading-order part of the solution (\[four\]) for large $|x|$, but rather the leading-order contributions to all asymptotic wave components that are present.
To find the asymptotic expansions for $x\to\pm\infty$ of the integral (\[four\]), we must consider the behaviour of the integrand along the contour. The contours $C'$ and $C''$ in Figs. \[fig:Hermpos\] and \[fig:Hermneg\] run mostly along the real $k$-axis. For large $|x|$, the rapid oscillation of $e^{ikx}$ gives net cancellation for the parts of the contours on the real axis and so their contribution to the integral will vanish as $|x|\to\infty$. The leading-order term in these contributions is determined by whether or not there are points of stationary phase in the integrand that lie close to the contour. One can see two patches in the top plots in Figs. \[fig:Hermpos\] and \[fig:Hermneg\] where the phase has an extremum in the complex plane, while in the lower plots the integrand appears to be the sum of two parts, one with an extremum of the phase that is situated to the left and another part that has no extrema. Moreover all these extrema move out along the real $k$-axis as $|x|$ increases, so to investigate them analytically we must consider the form of the integrand for large $|k|$. We will find below that there are terms in the integrand with points of stationary phase that are precisely the points we have just identified visually. Moreover each of these stationary-phase points is the wave-vector of one of the high-$k$ asymptotic waves and the resulting contributions to the integral will give all the high-$k$ asymptotic wave components. There remains the parts of the contours $C'$ and $C''$ that do not lie on the real $k$-axis. For $x>0$ the factor $e^{ikx}$ decreases exponentially along the positive imaginary $k$-axis, whereas for $x<0$ it decreases along the negative imaginary axis. All other factors in the integrand are dominated by this behaviour, as is visible in Figs. \[fig:Hermpos\] and \[fig:Hermneg\]. We can deform the parts of the contours $C'$ and $C''$ that leave the real axis so that as much as possible they lie along the half of the imaginary axis where the integrand is exponentially small. If there is no branch cut along the relevant half of the imaginary axis (as in the bottom plot of Fig. \[fig:Hermpos\] and the top plot of Fig. \[fig:Hermneg\]), then the contribution of this part of the contour is arbitrarily small. If however the branch cut lies along the half of the imaginary axis where the integrand is exponentially decreasing (as in the top plot of Fig. \[fig:Hermpos\] and the bottom plot of Fig. \[fig:Hermneg\]), then the contour gets wrapped around $k=0$ and runs along both sides of the branch cut. The latter situation will give a contribution to the integral that does not vanish as $|x|\to\infty$ and corresponds to low-$k$ asymptotic wave components present in the solution. This outlines how the asymptotic wave components are encoded in the exact integral representation (\[four\]). A similar identification of wave components occurs in [@unr05], where the techniques used here were applied to an approximate treatment of the wave equation in an arbitrary flow profile.
To identify the points of stationary phase discussed above, we require the asymptotic expansions for $k\gg 0$ and $k\ll 0$ of the Hermite function that appears in (\[ksol\]). Asymptotic expansions of the Hermite function for large variable are given in [@dlmf]; in our case the variable is $\sqrt{i/(\alpha k_c)}k$, giving the following leading-order expansions:
$$\begin{aligned}
H_{-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{i}{\alpha k_c}}k \right) \sim & \, 2^{-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha}} \left( \sqrt{\frac{2i}{\alpha k_c}} \, k \right)^{ -\frac{1}{2}-\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha} }, \quad -\pi < \text{arg}(k) <\frac{\pi}{2}, \label{Hposk} \\
H_{-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{i}{\alpha k_c}}k \right) \sim & \, 2^{-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha}} \left[ \left( \sqrt{\frac{2i}{\alpha k_c}} \, k \right)^{ -\frac{1}{2}-\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha} } \right.
\nonumber \\
& \left. - \frac{i \sqrt{2\pi}}{\Gamma\left( \frac{1}{2}+\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha} \right)} \left( \sqrt{\frac{2i}{\alpha k_c}} \, k \right)^{ -\frac{1}{2}+\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha} } \exp\left( \frac{i k^2}{\alpha k_c} - \frac{\pi k_c}{2\alpha} \right) \right] , \quad -2\pi < \text{arg}(k) < -\frac{\pi}{2}. \label{Hnegk}\end{aligned}$$
Here the branch cuts in the asymptotic expressions are rotated out of the range of $\arg(k)$ for which they are valid. This amounts to analytically continuing $\ln z$ from its principal branch $-\pi<\arg(z)\leq \pi$.
The points of stationary phase in the integrand in (\[four\]) can now be identified (where here we take just the Hermite-function term in (\[ksol\])). In the region where (\[Hposk\]) is valid, which includes the positive real $k$-axis, the integrand has an exponential factor containing $k$ given by $\exp\left[ikx- ik^2/(2\alpha k_c) \right]$. This factor has a point of stationary phase at $$\label{stat1}
k=\alpha k_c x, \qquad x>>0,$$ where the condition on $x$ occurs because (\[Hposk\]) is not valid for negative real $k$. This point of stationary phase is visible on the right of the top plots in Figs. \[fig:Hermpos\] and \[fig:Hermneg\]. In the region where (\[Hnegk\]) is valid, which includes the negative real $k$-axis, we have two terms in the asymptotic expansion of the Hermite function, the second of which has an exponential involving $k$. We must therefore treat the two terms in (\[Hnegk\]) separately as they have different phase factors. The first term in (\[Hnegk\]) gives a contribution to (\[four\]) that has a phase factor $\exp\left[ikx- ik^2/(2\alpha k_c) \right]$, giving a point of stationary phase at $$\label{stat2}
k=\alpha k_c x, \qquad x<<0,$$ where now the condition is for $x$ to be negative because (\[Hnegk\]) is not valid on the positive real $k$-axis. The second term in (\[Hnegk\]) leads to a contribution to (\[four\]) with a phase factor $\exp\left[ikx+ ik^2/(2\alpha k_c) \right]$, with stationary phase at $$\label{stat3}
k= - \alpha k_c x, \qquad x>>0.$$ The significance of the point (\[stat2\]) is partly visible on the left of the lower plots in Figs. \[fig:Hermpos\] and \[fig:Hermneg\] but the integrand also has the contribution of the second term in (\[Hnegk\]), for which there are no points of stationary phase for negative $x$. The point (\[stat3\]) is similarly a stationary-phase point for only one term in the integrand but its significance is nevertheless apparent on the left of the top plots in Figs. \[fig:Hermpos\] and \[fig:Hermneg\].
The points (\[stat1\])–(\[stat3\]) lie on the contours $C'$ and $C''$. For large $|x|$, we use the method of steepest descent to compute the the leading-order contribution to the integral of the terms which have a stationary phase at these points. Note that the points (\[stat1\])–(\[stat3\]) are the local wave-vectors of asymptotic wave components (see Appendix \[app:asymptotic\]) whose amplitudes fall off as $1/|x|^{3/2}$. We will find that the stationary-phase contributions give exactly these asymptotic wave components in a particular superposition. Contributions to this part of the integral that are not stationary-phase contributions fall off faster in $|x|$ than the stationary-phase contributions and therefore they are not needed to compute the asymptotic wave components. In the method of steepest descent [@ablowitz] we expand the phase around the stationary point to second order and find the directions in the complex plane in which the quadratic term in the expansion is real and negative. We deform the contour to run along this line of steepest descent. Other factors in the integrand are evaluated at the stationary point and the resulting Gaussian integral along the steepest-descent line gives the leading-order contribution to the integral. In our case the phase factors are $\exp\left[ikx\mp ik^2/(2\alpha k_c) \right]$, which are simple to work with and give steepest-descent lines running through the stationary-phase points at angles of $\pm45^\circ$. When evaluating the other factors in the integrand at the stationary-phase point we must remember to choose the branch cut in the $k^{-1 + \frac{i\omega}{\alpha}}$ factor from (\[ksol\]) to lie on the positive or negative imaginary axis, depending on which of the two solutions we are evaluating. This will complete the leading-order contributions to the solution from the parts of the contours $C'$ and $C''$ that lie on the real $k$-axis. There remains the portions of the contours that run around the singularity at $k=0$.
### First solution: branch cut along positive imaginary $k$-axis
The branch cut in the integrand is first chosen to lie along the positive imaginary $k$-axis (Fig. \[fig:Hermpos\]) and the solution is defined by the contour $C'$. We denote this solution by $\phi^{(a)}(x)$. There are two expansions of $\phi^{(a)}(x)$ in terms of the asymptotic waves, one for $x\ll 0$ and one for $x\gg 0$.
Taking first $x\ll 0$, we see from (\[stat1\])–(\[stat3\]) that there is just one stationary-phase contribution, from the point (\[stat2\]). This point is the wave-vector of mode 1 in the far-left region, whose normalized asymptotic form is $\phi_1^-(x)$ given by (\[-1\]). The part of the contour $C'$ that leaves the real $k$-axis can be pushed down along the negative imaginary $k$-axis (see bottom plot in Fig. \[fig:Hermpos\]) where the integrand is exponentially small and gives no contribution. The only asymptotic wave component for $x\ll 0$ is thus mode 1 with a constant complex amplitude that we obtain from the method of steepest descent. The expansion of the solution is $$\begin{gathered}
\phi^{(a)}(x) \stackrel{x\ll 0}{\sim} a_1^- \phi_1^-(x) , \label{H1left} \\
a_1^-=(-1)^\frac{1}{8}\sqrt{\pi}2^{\frac{1}{2}-\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha}}e^{\frac{\pi\omega}{\alpha}-\frac{3\pi k_c}{8\alpha}}\alpha (\alpha k_c)^{\frac{i\omega}{\alpha}-\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha}-\frac{1}{4}}. \label{a1-}\end{gathered}$$
![A portion of the upper plot in Fig. \[fig:Hermpos\], with the contour $C'$ deformed to wrap around the singularity at $k=0$. The integrand decays exponentially along the positive imaginary axis. For the portion of the contour shown here, only the part running along both sides of the branch cut and around the singularity contributes to the integral for large $x$. []{data-label="fig:branch"}](figure5.pdf){width="7cm"}
For $x\gg 0$ we will find contributions from all four asymptotic wave components and the expansion of the solution is $$\label{H1right}
\phi^{(a)}(x) \stackrel{x\gg 0}{\sim} a_1^+ \phi_1^+(x) +a_2^+ \phi_2^+(x) +a_3^+ \phi_3^+(x) +a_4^+ \phi_4^+(x),$$ for constant coefficients $a_n^+$. For large positive $x$ there are contributions from the two stationary-phase points (\[stat1\]) and (\[stat3\]). These points are the local wave-vectors of modes 2 and 3, respectively, in the far-right region, where they have the normalized asymptotic expressions (\[+2\]) and (\[+3\]). The steepest descent method gives the coefficients $a_2^+$ and $a_3^+$ of these modes: $$\begin{aligned}
a_2^+= & (-1)^\frac{13}{8} \sqrt{\pi} 2^{\frac{1}{2}-\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha}} e^{\frac{\pi k_c}{8\alpha}} \alpha (\alpha k_c)^{\frac{i\omega}{\alpha}-\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha}-\frac{1}{4}}, \label{a2+} \\
a_3^+= & \frac{ (-1)^\frac{9}{8} 2 \pi e^{\frac{\pi\omega}{\alpha} - \frac{\pi k_c}{8\alpha}} \alpha (\alpha k_c)^{\frac{i\omega}{\alpha}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha}-\frac{1}{4}} }{\Gamma \left( \frac{1}{2}+\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha} \right) } . \label{a3+} \end{aligned}$$ There is also a contribution from the part of the contour $C'$ that runs around the singularity at $k=0$. For positive $x$ the integrand exponentially decreases along the positive imaginary $k$-axis (see top plot in Fig. \[fig:Hermpos\]) and we move the contour upwards so that it runs along both sides of the branch cut, as shown in Fig. \[fig:branch\]. The exponential decrease along the positive imaginary $k$-axis is very rapid for large $x$ so only the part of the contour in Fig. \[fig:branch\] close to $k=0$ is significant for the asymptotic integral. We can therefore compute this part of the integral by expanding the integrand around $k=0$. The Taylor expansion of the Hermite-function factor around $k=0$ is $$\begin{aligned}
H_{-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha}} & \left(\sqrt{\frac{i}{\alpha k_c}} \, k \right) = \frac{\sqrt{\pi} 2^{-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha}} }{\Gamma \left( \frac{3}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) } \nonumber \\
& \qquad\qquad\quad - \frac{\sqrt{i\pi} 2^{\frac{1}{2}-\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha}} k}{\sqrt{\alpha k_c}\,\Gamma \left( \frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) } +O(k^2). \label{Htaylor}\end{aligned}$$ Using the first two terms in this series we compute the integral along the contour in Fig. \[fig:branch\] for $x\gg 0$, where we can take the ends of the contour to run to positive imaginary infinity along both sides of the branch cut. We make the substitution $k=i s/x$ in the integral and expand the integrand to find the two leading-order terms for large $x$. This gives the integral $$\begin{aligned}
\sqrt{\pi} 2^{-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha}} \int ds \,\left(\frac{is}{x}\right)^{\frac{i\omega}{\alpha}}
& e^{-s} \left[ \frac{1}{s \, \Gamma \left( \frac{3}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) } \right. \nonumber \\
& \left. + \frac{2\sqrt{-i}}{x \sqrt{\alpha k_c}\, \Gamma \left( \frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) } \right] , \label{sintH}\end{aligned}$$ where our original choice of contour and branch cut in the complex $k$-plane means that in (\[sintH\]) the branch cut in the integrand runs along the positive real $s$-axis and the contour runs in from infinity above the branch cut, around $s=0$, then out to infinity below the branch cut. Both terms in the integral (\[sintH\]) are related to Hankel’s integral representation of the gamma function [@whittaker], which states $$\label{Han}
\Gamma(z)=\frac{i}{2\sin(\pi z)} \int_{C_\Gamma} dt \, (-t)^{z-1} e^{-t}, \quad z\notin \text{Integers},$$ where the branch cut in the integrand is along the positive real $t$-axis and the contour $C_\Gamma$ runs in from infinity above the branch cut, around $t=0$, then out to infinity below the branch cut. The branch cut of the log function is chosen differently in (\[sintH\]) compared to (\[Han\]), and we must bear this in mind when employing the latter. The result for (\[sintH\]) follows from (\[Han\]): $$\begin{aligned}
-\sqrt{\pi} 2^{\frac{1}{2}-\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha}} e^{\frac{\pi \omega}{2 \alpha}} \Gamma \left( \frac{i \omega}{\alpha} \right) & \sinh\left( \frac{\pi \omega}{\alpha} \right) x^{-\frac{i\omega}{\alpha}}
\left[ \frac{1}{ \Gamma \left( \frac{3}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) } \right. \nonumber \\
& \left. + \frac{2\sqrt{i} \,\omega}{x \alpha \sqrt{\alpha k_c}\, \Gamma \left( \frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) } \right] . \label{Hlowk1}\end{aligned}$$ Referring to (\[+1\]) and (\[+4\]), we see that (\[Hlowk1\]) is a superposition of the two low-$k$ asymptotic wave components on the far right (modes 1 and 4). Solving for the coefficients in this superposition we find $a_1^+$ and $a_4^+$ in (\[H1right\]): $$\begin{aligned}
a_1^+ = - & \frac{ \sqrt{\omega} \, e^{\frac{\pi \omega}{2 \alpha}} \Gamma \left( \frac{i \omega}{\alpha} \right) \sinh\left( \frac{\pi \omega}{\alpha} \right) }{ \sqrt{2} \, \Gamma \left( \frac{1}{2}+ \frac{i k_c}{2 \alpha} \right) }
\left[ \Gamma \left( \frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) \right. \nonumber \\
& \qquad\qquad\qquad \left. + 2i \sqrt{\frac{i \alpha}{ k_c}}\ \Gamma \left( \frac{3}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) \right] , \label{a1+} \\
a_4^+ = - & \frac{ \sqrt{\omega} \, e^{\frac{\pi \omega}{2 \alpha}} \Gamma \left( \frac{i \omega}{\alpha} \right) \sinh\left( \frac{\pi \omega}{\alpha} \right) }{ \sqrt{2} \, \Gamma \left( \frac{1}{2}+ \frac{i k_c}{2 \alpha} \right) }
\left[ \Gamma \left( \frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) \right. \nonumber \\
& \qquad\qquad\qquad \left. - 2i \sqrt{\frac{i \alpha}{ k_c}}\ \Gamma \left( \frac{3}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) \right] . \label{a4+}\end{aligned}$$ Here the expressions have been simplified a little by use of Legendre’s duplication formula [@htf1] for the gamma function, which gives $$\Gamma \left( \frac{1}{2}+\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha} \right) = \frac{ 2^{- \frac{1}{2}+\frac{ik_c}{2\alpha}} }{ \sqrt{\pi} } \Gamma \left( \frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) \Gamma \left( \frac{3}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) .$$
This completes the decomposition of the solution $\phi^{(a)}(x)$ into the asymptotic modes on both sides of the flow. The content of this solution in terms of mode scattering can be seen from (\[H1left\]) and (\[H1right\]), together with the lower ray plot in Fig. \[fig:rays\]. The input wave is incident from the right and is a superposition of the low-$k$ modes 1 and 4 with different amplitudes (\[a1+\]) and (\[a4+\]) (see Fig. \[fig:rays\]). Mode 1 propagates through the horizon regions and continues to the left, while mode 4 reverses its group velocity and is transformed to mode 3, as in the ray plots in Fig. \[fig:rays\]. In addition, there is scattering of the input modes 1 and 4 into mode 2 on the right. In fact there is also scattering of input mode 1 into mode 3 on the right and of input mode 4 into mode 1 on the left, but this will become clearer when we calculate the scattering coefficients. Note that there is no scattering into mode 4 on the left. Although both of the incident modes 1 and 4 from the right scatter into mode 4 on the left, the weighting of the incident modes in this solution causes cancellation of the scattering into mode 4 on the left.
The norm flux of any monochromatic solution is constant throughout the flow (see Appendix \[app:conserved\]). It must therefore be the case that the norm flux of the asymptotic wave decomposition (\[H1left\]) on the far left of the flow is equal to that of the decomposition (\[H1right\]) on the far right. As discussed in Appendix \[app:asymptotic\], the norm flux of the normalized asymptotic wave components is $\pm1$, with a sign given by the product of the signs of the co-moving frequency and the group velocity. Also, a superposition of asymptotic wave components has a norm flux which is the sum of the fluxes of the individual components. For the solution (\[H1left\]) and (\[H1right\]), constancy of the norm flux therefore implies $$-\left| a_1^- \right|^2 = - \left| a_1^+ \right|^2 + \left| a_2^+ \right|^2 - \left| a_3^+ \right|^2 + \left| a_4^+ \right|^2.$$ One can verify that this relation indeed holds for the coefficients (\[a1-\]), (\[a2+\]), (\[a3+\]), (\[a1+\]), and (\[a4+\]). The calculation of the absolute values of the coefficients requires the gamma-function identities [@htf1] $$\begin{aligned}
\Gamma(z)\Gamma(-z) = & \, - \frac{\pi}{z\sin(\pi z)}, \label{gammaid1} \\
\Gamma(z)\Gamma(1-z) = & \, \frac{\pi}{\sin(\pi z)}. \label{gammaid2}\end{aligned}$$
### Second solution: branch cut along negative imaginary $k$-axis
We now take the branch cut in the integrand to lie along the negative imaginary $k$-axis (Fig. \[fig:Hermneg\]), with the solution defined by the contour $C''$. We denote this solution by $\phi^{(b)}(x)$ and calculate its two expansions in terms of the asymptotic wave components, one for $x\ll 0$ and one for $x\gg 0$.
For $x\ll 0$ we have a stationary-phase contribution to the integral from the point (\[stat2\]), as in the first solution. But now there is also a branch-cut contribution because in deforming the contour $C''$ into the region along the negative imaginary axis (where the integrand decreases exponentially) it gets wrapped around the singularity at $k=0$. This last contribution will give low-$k$ wave components corresponding to modes 2 and 3 on the far left. The decomposition of $\phi^{(b)}(x)$ for $x\ll 0$ will consequently have three asymptotic wave components: $$\label{H2left}
\phi^{(b)}(x) \stackrel{x\ll 0}{\sim} b_1^- \phi_1^-(x) +b_2^- \phi_2^-(x) +b_3^- \phi_3^-(x).$$ The calculation of $b_1^-$ by the steepest descent method is almost identical to that of $a_1^-$ in the first solution. The different position of the branch cut in the two cases means that $b_1^-$ differs from $a_1^-$ by a simple factor: $$\label{b1-}
b_1^- = e^{-\frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha}} a_1^-.$$ The branch-cut contribution gives the coefficients $b_2^-$ and $b_3^-$, and the calculation here has only minor differences from that represented in Fig. \[fig:branch\]. We again use the Taylor expansion (\[Htaylor\]) of the Hermite function and Hankel’s integral (\[Han\]). The final results are simply related to the low-$k$ coefficients (\[a1+\]) and (\[a4+\]) in the previous solution: $$\label{b2-}
b_2^- = - e^{-\frac{\pi\omega}{\alpha}} a_4^+, \qquad b_3^- = - e^{-\frac{\pi\omega}{\alpha}} a_1^+.$$
For $x\gg 0$ there is no branch-cut contribution to the integral as the part of the contour $C''$ near $k=0$ can be moved upwards along the positive imaginary axis where the integrand is exponentially small (see Fig. \[fig:Hermneg\]). There are stationary-phase contributions from the points (\[stat1\]) and (\[stat3\]), as in the previous solution, but here the new position of the branch cut in the integrand gives some minor differences. We obtain an expansion $$\label{H2right}
\phi^{(b)}(x) \stackrel{x\gg 0}{\sim} b_2^+ \phi_2^+(x) +b_3^+ \phi_3^+(x)$$ in which the coefficients $b_2^+$ and $b_3^+$ are simply related to (\[a2+\]) and (\[a3+\]): $$\label{b2+}
b_2^+ = a_2^+, \qquad b_3^+ = e^{-\frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha}} a_3^+.$$
The expansions (\[H2left\]) and (\[H2right\]) reveal how the modes scatter in the solution $\phi^{(b)}(x)$. Referring to Fig. \[fig:rays\], we see that the incident wave is a superposition of modes 2 and 3 from the left. Mode 2 propagates through into the right-hand region and there is also scattering into mode 3 on the right and mode 1 on the left. Note that there is no mode-4 component on the left even though the incident mode-3 component on the left would normally convert to a blue-shifted mode-4 wave on the same side. As in the solution $\phi^{(a)}(x)$, here the different contributions to mode 4 on the left exactly cancel.
The constancy of the norm flux for $\phi^{(b)}(x)$ implies the following relation between the “$b$" coefficients for the modes on the left and the right: $$-\left| b_1^- \right|^2 + \left| b_2^- \right|^2 - \left| b_3^- \right|^2 = \left| b_2^+ \right|^2 - \left| b_3^+ \right|^2.$$ The coefficients (\[b1-\]), (\[b2-\]), and (\[b2+\]) indeed satisfy this relation.
Two solutions with $_1\!F_1(a;b;z)$ in their integral representations
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We now take $c_1=0$ and $c_2=1$ in (\[ksol\]), so that the integrand in (\[four\]) contains the confluent hypergeometric function $_1\!F_1(a;b;z)$. This integrand is plotted in the complex $k$-plane in Figs. \[fig:Hyperpos\] and \[fig:Hyperneg\], with the branch cut running along the positive or negative imaginary axis, respectively. A solution of (\[mono\]) is obtained for each choice of branch cut and corresponding contour $C'$ or $C''$. We proceed to find the expansions of these two solutions in terms of the asymptotic waves. The derivation follows exactly the steps described above when the integrand contained the Hermite function.
![The integrand in (\[four\]) plotted in the complex $k$-plane, with $c_1=0$ and $c_2=1$ in (\[ksol\]). Colour indicates the phase while brightness indicates the absolute value (brighter is bigger). The branch cut is placed along the positive imaginary axis. Parameter values are $\omega=1$, $\alpha=1/2$ and $k_c=5$. The top plot is for $x=4$, the bottom for $x=-4$. With $C'$ as the contour in (\[four\]) this defines an exact solution of (\[mono\]). []{data-label="fig:Hyperpos"}](figure6a.pdf "fig:"){width="\linewidth"} ![The integrand in (\[four\]) plotted in the complex $k$-plane, with $c_1=0$ and $c_2=1$ in (\[ksol\]). Colour indicates the phase while brightness indicates the absolute value (brighter is bigger). The branch cut is placed along the positive imaginary axis. Parameter values are $\omega=1$, $\alpha=1/2$ and $k_c=5$. The top plot is for $x=4$, the bottom for $x=-4$. With $C'$ as the contour in (\[four\]) this defines an exact solution of (\[mono\]). []{data-label="fig:Hyperpos"}](figure6b.pdf "fig:"){width="\linewidth"}
![The same as Fig. \[fig:Hyperpos\], but with the branch cut along the negative imaginary axis and a different contour $C''$. This defines another independent solution of (\[mono\]). []{data-label="fig:Hyperneg"}](figure7a.pdf "fig:"){width="\linewidth"} ![The same as Fig. \[fig:Hyperpos\], but with the branch cut along the negative imaginary axis and a different contour $C''$. This defines another independent solution of (\[mono\]). []{data-label="fig:Hyperneg"}](figure7b.pdf "fig:"){width="\linewidth"}
Figures \[fig:Hyperpos\] and \[fig:Hyperneg\] indicate that there are points of stationary phase on the real $k$-axis, but only for parts of the integrand. In the region near the positive real $k$-axis, the integrand appears to be the sum of a part with a stationary-phase point and a part with no extrema of the phase, and similarly for the region near the negative real $k$-axis. These stationary-phase features in the plots are present for both positive and negative $x$ and they move out along the real $k$-axis as $|x|$ increases. We confirm this picture by looking at the asymptotic expansion of the hypergeometric function in (\[ksol\]) for $k\gg0$ and $k\ll0$. We refer to [@dlmf] for asymptotic expansions of the hypergeometric function for large variable. In our case the form $ik^2/(\alpha k_c)$ of the variable means there is an asymptotic expansion that is valid for both $k\gg0$ and $k\ll0$, which to leading order is $$\begin{aligned}
& _1\!F_1\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha};\frac{1}{2};\frac{ik^2}{\alpha k_c} \right) \sim \frac{\sqrt{i\pi} \,e^{-\frac{\pi k_c}{4\alpha}}}{\Gamma\left( \frac{1}{4}-\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right)} \left( \frac{ik^2}{\alpha k_c} \right)^{ -\frac{1}{4}-\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} }
\nonumber \\
& \qquad \quad\ + \frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{\Gamma\left( \frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right)} \left( \frac{ik^2}{\alpha k_c} \right)^{ -\frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} } \exp\left( \frac{i k^2}{\alpha k_c} \right) , \nonumber \\
& \qquad\quad -\frac{\pi}{2} < \arg(k) < \frac{\pi}{2}\ \ \text{or}\ \ \frac{\pi}{2} < \arg(k) < \frac{3\pi}{2}. \label{Fk}\end{aligned}$$ The two terms in the expansion (\[Fk\]) give terms with different phase factors in the integrand in (\[four\]) (we take just the hypergeometric-function term in (\[ksol\])). The first term in the resulting integrand has a phase factor $\exp\left[ikx- ik^2/(2\alpha k_c) \right]$, which has a point of stationary phase at $$\label{stat4}
k=\alpha k_c x.$$ As (\[Fk\]) is valid for both $k\gg0$ and $k\ll0$, the first term in the integrand thus has a stationary-phase point (\[stat4\]) on the positive real $k$-axis for $x\gg0$ and on the negative real $k$-axis for $x\ll0$. The second term in (\[Fk\]) gives a term in the integrand in (\[four\]) with a phase factor $\exp\left[ikx+ ik^2/(2\alpha k_c) \right]$ and a point of stationary phase at $$\label{stat5}
k= -\alpha k_c x.$$ The second term in the integrand thus has a stationary-phase point (\[stat5\]) on the negative real $k$-axis for $x\gg0$ and on the positive real $k$-axis for $x\ll0$. These results confirm what is already apparent from the plots in Figs. \[fig:Hyperpos\] and \[fig:Hyperneg\].
The asymptotics (\[Fk\]) is not valid on the imaginary $k$-axis, and we have not given an expansion of the hypergeometric function valid in this region of the complex $k$-plane. We do not include it here because it does not give any points of stationary phase for terms in the integrand in (\[four\]).
The stationary-phase points (\[stat4\]) and (\[stat5\]) lie on both contours $C'$ and $C''$ and give contributions to the asymptotic expansions of the integral (\[four\]) for large $|x|$. These contributions are calculated by the method of steepest descent. There may also be a branch-cut contribution, which is evaluated as above for the solutions generated by the Hermite function.
### First solution: branch cut along positive imaginary $k$-axis
With the branch cut in the integrand chosen to lie along the positive imaginary $k$-axis (Fig. \[fig:Hyperpos\]) the solution is defined by the contour $C'$. We denote this solution by $\phi^{(c)}(x)$ and find its expansions in terms of the asymptotic waves for $x\ll 0$ and for $x\gg 0$.
For $x\ll0$ there are stationary-phase contributions from the points (\[stat4\]) and (\[stat5\]), which give asymptotic waves corresponding to modes 1 and 4, respectively. There is no branch-cut contribution and so the expansion is $$\phi^{(c)}(x) \stackrel{x\ll 0}{\sim} c_1^- \phi_1^-(x) + c_4^- \phi_4^-(x) . \label{F1left}$$ The steepest descent method gives the coefficients $c_1^-$ and $c_4^-$:
$$\begin{aligned}
c_1^-= & -\frac{2\pi (-1)^\frac{7}{8} e^{\frac{\pi\omega}{\alpha}-\frac{\pi k_c}{8\alpha}} \alpha (\alpha k_c)^{\frac{i\omega}{\alpha}-\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha}-\frac{1}{4}} }{ \Gamma\left( \frac{1}{4}-\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) } , \label{c1-} \\
c_4^-= & -\frac{2\pi (-1)^\frac{1}{8} e^{-\frac{\pi k_c}{8\alpha}} \alpha (\alpha k_c)^{\frac{i\omega}{\alpha}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha}-\frac{1}{4}} }{ \Gamma\left( \frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) } . \label{c4-} \end{aligned}$$
For $x\gg 0$, the solution $\phi^{(c)}(x)$ has contributions from all four asymptotic wave components: $$\phi^{(c)}(x) \stackrel{x\gg 0}{\sim} c_1^+ \phi_1^+(x) + c_2^+ \phi_2^+(x) + c_3^+ \phi_3^+(x) + c_4^+ \phi_4^+(x) . \label{F1right}$$ The two stationary-phase points (\[stat4\]) and (\[stat5\]) give rise to the mode-2 and mode-3 waves on the far right, with coefficients $$\begin{aligned}
c_2^+= & -\frac{2\pi (-1)^\frac{7}{8} e^{-\frac{\pi k_c}{8\alpha}} \alpha (\alpha k_c)^{\frac{i\omega}{\alpha}-\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha}-\frac{1}{4}} }{ \Gamma\left( \frac{1}{4}-\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) } , \label{c2+} \\
c_3^+ = & -\frac{2\pi (-1)^\frac{1}{8} e^{\frac{\pi\omega}{\alpha} -\frac{\pi k_c}{8\alpha}} \alpha (\alpha k_c)^{\frac{i\omega}{\alpha}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha}-\frac{1}{4}} }{ \Gamma\left( \frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) } . \label{c3+} \end{aligned}$$ There is also a branch-cut contribution, which gives the low-$k$ asymptotic wave components on the right (modes 1 and 4). The relevant contour is as in Fig. \[fig:branch\], but here the integrand is different. As before, we only require the integrand in the region near $k=0$ in order to evaluate the branch-cut contribution. We employ the Taylor expansion of the hypergeometric function around $k=0$: $$_1\!F_1\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha};\frac{1}{2};\frac{ik^2}{\alpha k_c} \right) = 1- \frac{ (k_c-i\alpha)k^2 }{ 2\alpha^2k_c } +O(k^4). \label{Ftaylor}$$ As previously, we make the substitution $k=i s/x$ in the resulting integral and expand the integrand to find the first two leading-order terms for large $x$. This gives the integral $$\int ds \,\left(\frac{is}{x}\right)^{\frac{i\omega}{\alpha}}
e^{-s} \left[ \frac{1}{s }
+ \frac{ s }{ 2 x^2 \alpha^2 } \right] , \label{sintF}$$ where the branch cut in the integrand runs along the positive real $s$-axis and the contour runs in from infinity above the branch cut, around $s=0$, then out to infinity below the branch cut. Evaluation of (\[sintF\]) using Hankel’s integral (\[Han\]) produces $$\begin{aligned}
- 2 e^{\frac{\pi \omega}{2 \alpha}} \Gamma \left( \frac{i \omega}{\alpha} \right) & \sinh\left( \frac{\pi \omega}{\alpha} \right) x^{-\frac{i\omega}{\alpha}}
\left[ 1 + \frac{ i \omega ( \alpha +i \omega) }{2 x^2 \alpha^4 } \right] . \label{Flowk1}\end{aligned}$$ This is a superposition of the two low-$k$ asymptotic wave components (\[+1\]) and (\[+4\]), but note that (\[Flowk1\]) does not have a term falling off as $1/x$, whereas both (\[+1\]) and (\[+4\]) contain such a term. It must therefore be the case that (\[Flowk1\]) is an equal superposition of (\[+1\]) and (\[+4\]), so that the terms containing $x^{-i\omega/\alpha-1}$ cancel out. This would require the ratio of the two terms in (\[Flowk1\]) to be equal to the ratio of the first and third terms in (\[+1\]) and (\[+4\]), as is indeed the case. Solving for the coefficients $c_1^+$ and $c_4^+$ in the superposition we obtain $$c_1^+=c_4^+ = - \sqrt{2\omega} \, e^{\frac{\pi \omega}{2 \alpha}} \Gamma \left( \frac{i \omega}{\alpha} \right) \sinh\left( \frac{\pi \omega}{\alpha} \right) . \label{c1+}$$
The expansions (\[F1left\]) and (\[F1right\]), together with (\[c1+\]), show that the solution $\phi^{(c)}(x)$ is an incident wave from the right that is an equal superposition of modes 1 and 4 (see Fig. \[fig:rays\]). These incident modes scatter into all outgoing modes on the left and right. The “$c$" coefficients obey the relation that follows from constancy of the norm flux: $$-\left| c_1^- \right|^2+\left| c_4^- \right|^2 = - \left| c_1^+ \right|^2 + \left| c_2^+ \right|^2 - \left| c_3^+ \right|^2 + \left| c_4^+ \right|^2.$$
### Second solution: branch cut along negative imaginary $k$-axis
For the second solution generated by the hypergeometric function, we take the branch cut in the integrand to lie along the negative imaginary $k$-axis (Fig. \[fig:Hyperneg\]). The solution is defined by the contour $C''$ and we denote it by $\phi^{(d)}(x)$. The calculation of the expansions of the solution in terms of the asymptotic wave components has by now been well rehearsed and here we quote the results.
For $x\ll0$ the expansion contains all four asymptotic wave components: $$\label{F2left}
\phi^{(d)}(x) \stackrel{x\ll 0}{\sim} d_1^- \phi_1^-(x) +d_2^- \phi_2^-(x) +d_3^- \phi_3^-(x) +d_4^- \phi_4^-(x),$$ where the coefficients are given by $$d_1^- = e^{-\frac{2 \pi\omega}{\alpha}} c_1^-, \quad d_2^- = d_3^- = - e^{-\frac{\pi\omega}{\alpha}} c_1^+, \quad
d_4^- = c_4^-.$$ For $x\gg0$ the expansion has two wave components, for modes 2 and 3: $$\label{F2right}
\phi^{(d)}(x) \stackrel{x\gg 0}{\sim} d_2^+ \phi_2^+(x) +d_3^+ \phi_3^+(x) ,$$ with coefficients $$\begin{gathered}
d_2^+ = c_2^+, \qquad d_3^+ = e^{-\frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha}} c_3^+ .\end{gathered}$$ The “$d$" coefficients obey the norm-flux constancy condition $$-\left| d_1^- \right|^2 + \left| d_2^- \right|^2 - \left| d_3^- \right|^2 + \left| d_4^- \right|^2 = \left| d_2^+ \right|^2 - \left| d_3^+ \right|^2.$$
The solution $\phi^{(d)}(x)$ is an incident wave from the left that is an equal superposition of modes 2 and 3 (see Fig. \[fig:rays\]). The incident wave is scattered into all outgoing modes on the left and right.
Scattering coefficients {#sec:scat}
=======================
The four independent solutions derived in the previous section contain all the information about scattering in the flow. To compute the scattering coefficients however, it is convenient to have solutions that contain just one incident mode. These are straightforwardly obtained by superposing our four solutions in an appropriate manner.
Scattering of mode 2 incident from the left
-------------------------------------------
We first construct a solution that corresponds to mode 2 incident from the left (see Fig. \[fig:2in\]). In this solution the asymptotic wave components on the far left do not include mode 3, and on the far right there are no asymptotic waves for modes 1 and 4. We also choose the mode-2 component on the left to be normalized so that it is exactly (\[-2\]). Two of our four solutions have a wave incident from the left only, namely $\phi^{(b)}(x)$ and $\phi^{(d)}(x)$. We superpose these solutions so that on the far left the incident mode-3 component is removed and the mode-2 component is normalized. From (\[H2left\]) and (\[F2left\]) the required wave is $$\label{2in}
\phi^{\text{2in}}(x)= \frac{ d_3^- \phi^{(b)}(x) - b_3^- \phi^{(d)}(x) }{ d_3^- b_2^- - b_3^- d_2^-}.$$
![ Heuristic ray picture for the wave solution (\[2in\]), whose only incident asymptotic wave component is the normalized mode-2 wave (\[-2\]) on the left. The incident wave scatters into all outgoing modes, some of which have negative norm (modes 3 and 4) and some propagate to the left relative to the fluid (modes 1 and 4). As in Fig, \[fig:rays\], the flow corresponds to a white-hole binary. Reversing $t$ (i.e. reading the plot top to bottom) corresponds to a black-hole binary, in which several modes in the past combine to give an outgoing low-$k$ mode 2 on the left. []{data-label="fig:2in"}](figure8.pdf){width="\linewidth"}
A qualitative picture of the solution (\[2in\]) is given in Fig. \[fig:2in\]. The incident mode 2 is right-moving relative to the fluid and has positive norm. This incident mode propagates through to the right where it scatters into mode 3, which is also a right-mover but has negative norm. As a result of the scattering, the outgoing mode 2 on the right has been amplified (otherwise norm would not be conserved). This part of the scattering process occurs even in the limit of no dispersion, where it corresponds exactly to the Hawking effect at an event horizon. Because of dispersion there is also *reflection* of mode 2 into modes which are left-moving relative to the fluid (modes 1 and 4 on the left). Moreover the reflection also involves further scattering into a negative-norm mode, namely mode 4 on the left, and therefore additional amplification of positive-norm components.
The scattering coefficients for this process are just the coefficients of the asymptotic wave components of (\[2in\]) on the far left and far right. These are easily obtained from (\[H2left\]), (\[H2right\]), (\[F2left\]), (\[F2right\]) and (\[2in\]). We denote the coefficient for scattering of incident mode 2 into outgoing mode $n$ by $S_{n,2}$, so that the expansions of (\[2in\]) into asymptotic waves read $$\begin{aligned}
\phi^{\text{2in}}(x) \stackrel{x\ll 0}{\sim} & \, \phi_2^-(x) + S_{1,2} \phi_1^-(x) + S_{4,2} \phi_4^-(x), \label{2inleft} \\
\phi^{\text{2in}}(x) \stackrel{x\gg 0}{\sim} & \, S_{2,2} \phi_2^+(x) + S_{3,2} \phi_3^+(x). \label{2inright}\end{aligned}$$ The most important information is given by the absolute values of the scattering coefficients. In computing $|S_{n,2}|^2$ we make use of the identities (\[gammaid1\]) and (\[gammaid2\]) to obtain
$$\begin{aligned}
\left| S_{1,2} \right|^2 = & \, \left( e^{ \frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha} } -1 \right)^{-1} \left[ - \frac{1}{2}
+ e^{ -\frac{\pi k_c}{4\alpha} } \left( \frac{ \pi \sqrt{ k_c } } { 4 \sqrt{\alpha} } \left| \Gamma\left( \frac{3}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) \right|^{-2}
+ \frac{ \pi \sqrt{ \alpha } } { \sqrt{k_c} } \left| \Gamma\left( \frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) \right|^{-2} \right) \right] , \label{S12} \\
\left| S_{2,2} \right|^2 = & \, \left( 1 - e^{ -\frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha} } \right)^{-1} \left[ \frac{1}{2}
+ e^{ -\frac{\pi k_c}{4\alpha} } \left( \frac{ \pi \sqrt{ k_c } } { 4 \sqrt{\alpha} } \left| \Gamma\left( \frac{3}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) \right|^{-2}
+ \frac{ \pi \sqrt{ \alpha } } { \sqrt{k_c} } \left| \Gamma\left( \frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) \right|^{-2} \right) \right] , \label{S22} \\
\left| S_{3,2} \right|^2 = & \, \left( e^{ \frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha} } -1 \right)^{-1} \left[ \frac{1}{2}
+ e^{ -\frac{\pi k_c}{4\alpha} } \left( \frac{ \pi \sqrt{ k_c } } { 4 \sqrt{\alpha} } \left| \Gamma\left( \frac{3}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) \right|^{-2}
+ \frac{ \pi \sqrt{ \alpha } } { \sqrt{k_c} } \left| \Gamma\left( \frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) \right|^{-2} \right) \right] , \label{S32} \\
\left| S_{4,2} \right|^2 = & \, \left( 1- e^{- \frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha} } \right)^{-1} \left[ - \frac{1}{2}
+ e^{ -\frac{\pi k_c}{4\alpha} } \left( \frac{ \pi \sqrt{ k_c } } { 4 \sqrt{\alpha} } \left| \Gamma\left( \frac{3}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) \right|^{-2}
+ \frac{ \pi \sqrt{ \alpha } } { \sqrt{k_c} } \left| \Gamma\left( \frac{1}{4}+\frac{ik_c}{4\alpha} \right) \right|^{-2} \right) \right] . \label{S42} \end{aligned}$$
These are exact amplitudes of scattering coefficients for the linear flow profile. They were previously obtained by Busch and Parentani [@bus12] by a different approach as part of a study of dispersive fields in de Sitter space. We refer to [@bus12] for the application of these results to cosmological particle creation and black-hole thermodynamics when Lorentz invariance is broken.
Similarly to the four wave solutions in the previous section, (\[2inleft\]) and (\[2inright\]) imply that $|S_{n,2}|^2$ are (up to a sign) equal to the norm fluxes of the outgoing modes. Constancy of the norm flux explains the following identity: $$1- \left| S_{1,2} \right|^2 + \left| S_{4,2} \right|^2 = \left| S_{2,2} \right|^2 - \left| S_{3,2} \right|^2 .$$
The scattering amplitudes (\[S12\])–(\[S42\]) demonstrate the importance of dispersion in laboratory analogues of event horizons. Note the following simple relation that is clear from (\[S12\])–(\[S42\]): $$\frac{ \left| S_{3,2} \right| }{ \left| S_{2,2} \right| } = \frac{ \left| S_{1,2} \right| }{ \left| S_{4,2} \right| } = e^{ -\frac{\pi\omega}{\alpha} } . \label{ratio}$$ The first ratio in (\[ratio\]) has the same value as in the non-dispersive case (see below) but dispersion leads to non-zero values for $S_{1,2}$ and $S_{4,2}$ whose ratio matches that of $S_{3,2}$ and $S_{2,2}$. An interesting question is whether the elementary relation (\[ratio\]) is a property of the linear flow profile with *arbitrary* anomalous dispersion, but our results allow no conclusions on this point.
The non-dispersive result for the scattering amplitudes is very simple and was first derived by Hawking [@haw74]. To extract the non-dispersive case from (\[S12\])–(\[S42\]) we can employ asymptotic expansions of the gamma functions for large $k_c$. The following complete asymptotic expansion for large $z$ will allow us to take the required limit [@htf1] : $$\begin{aligned}
\ln \left[\Gamma(a+z) \right] \sim & \, \left(a+z-\frac{1}{2}\right) \ln z - z + \frac{1}{2} \ln (2\pi) \nonumber \\
&+ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{ (-1)^{n+1} B_{n+1} (a) }{ n(n+1) z^n } , \label{lnGamma}\end{aligned}$$ where $B_n(z)$ are the Bernoulli polynomials. Employing this expansion in (\[S12\])–(\[S42\]) we can compute the leading-order scattering amplitudes as $k_c\to\infty$: $$\begin{aligned}
\left| S_{1,2} \right|^2 \sim & \, \left( e^{ \frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha} } -1 \right)^{-1} \frac{ \alpha^4 }{ 64 k_c^4 } \left( 1+ \frac{5 \alpha^2 }{k_c^2 } \right) , \label{S12as} \\
\left| S_{2,2} \right|^2 \sim & \, \left( 1 - e^{ -\frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha} } \right)^{-1} \left[ 1+ \frac{ \alpha^4 }{ 64 k_c^4 } \left( 1+ \frac{ 5\alpha^2 }{k_c^2 } \right) \right] , \label{S22as} \\
\left| S_{3,2} \right|^2 \sim & \, \left( e^{ \frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha} } -1 \right)^{-1} \left[ 1+ \frac{ \alpha^4 }{ 64 k_c^4 } \left( 1+ \frac{5 \alpha^2 }{k_c^2 } \right) \right] , \label{S32as} \\
\left| S_{4,2} \right|^2 \sim & \, \left( 1 - e^{ -\frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha} } \right)^{-1} \frac{ \alpha^4 }{ 64 k_c^4 } \left( 1+ \frac{5 \alpha^2 }{k_c^2 } \right) . \label{S42as} \end{aligned}$$ These expansions should be treated with caution. The appearance of exponentials containing $\pm k_c/\alpha$ in the asymptotic expansions of the gamma functions in (\[S12\])–(\[S42\]) means it is not possible to develop complete asymptotic expansions of the scattering amplitudes in powers of $\alpha/k_c$. For $k_c\to\infty$, we obtain from (\[S12as\])–(\[S42as\]) the Hawking result $$\begin{gathered}
\left| S_{1,2} \right|^2 = \left| S_{4,2} \right|^2 = 0 , \label{S12haw} \\
\left| S_{2,2} \right|^2 = \left( 1 - e^{ -\frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha} } \right)^{-1} , \quad
\left| S_{3,2} \right|^2 = \left( e^{ \frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha} } -1 \right)^{-1} , \label{S32haw} \end{gathered}$$ in which there is no scattering of the incident mode into modes left-moving relative to the fluid. The squared amplitude $ \left| S_{3,2} \right|^2$ in (\[S32haw\]) for scattering into the right-moving negative-norm mode has the form of the Planck distribution.
The frequency dependence of the scattering amplitudes (\[S12\])–(\[S42\]) factors out neatly from the dependence on dispersion, the latter being a function of $k_c/\alpha$. This factorization may be unique to the linear flow profile. In heuristic terms, each frequency in the linear profile experiences the same profile shape in the region around a blocking point (where the group velocity changes sign), even though the blocking point is at a different position in the flow for each frequency. For a curving flow profile each frequency will experience a different flow shape near a blocking point and the dependence of the scattering coefficients on frequency, profile shape and dispersion will be very complicated [@rob12; @mac09; @leo12; @fin12; @cou12; @mic14; @rob14; @euv15].
The fact that classical waves in the flow experience scattering into modes of opposite norm implies spontaneous emission in the quantum theory, provided an appropriate quantum description exists. The derivation of quantum emission from classical scattering into negative-norm modes is well described elsewhere [@rob12; @bro95; @unr95] and is not repeated here. Recall that we chose the sign of $t$ so that the flow corresponds to a white-hole binary, whereas a black-hole binary is obtained by $t\to-t$. For the black-hole binary, the scattering of mode 2 given by the solution (\[2in\]) occurs backward in time, so that time runs from the top to the bottom in Fig. \[fig:2in\]. In this case the positive-norm mode 2 on the left contains negative-norm components in the past. As a consequence, the annihilation operator for mode-2 quanta is a sum of annihilation and creation operators for modes in the past. If all modes were in their ground state in the past then mode 2 will now contain quanta and there will be emission of low-$k$ waves to the left (see Fig. \[fig:2in\], reading top to bottom). The expectation value for the number of quanta in mode 2 is $ \left| S_{3,2} \right|^2 + \left| S_{4,2} \right|^2 $, and is thus determined by the scattering into negative-norm modes. In the dispersionless case this gives the familiar thermal spectrum of quanta, as is seen from (\[S12haw\]) and (\[S32haw\]). When dispersion is included the spectrum is obtained from (\[S32\]) and (\[S42\]) and is no longer thermal.
Note that $\left| S_{4,2} \right|^2$ does not go to zero at large frequencies, but rather approaches a value given by the quantity in square brackets in (\[S42\]). This means the result for quantum emission does not vanish at large frequency, in contrast to the dispersionless case. But we cannot of course employ the model assumed here at arbitrarily high frequencies. The missing ingredient is dissipation. When waves propagate in any medium there is a limit to the size of the wavelength that can be supported and one manifestation of this is the loss of energy from the wave into the medium. This is very clear in the case of water waves where it is readily observed how dissipation increases as the wavelength decreases into the capillary-wave regime. The influence of dissipation on the Hawking effect has been explored in [@ada13; @rob15].
Scattering of mode 3 incident from the left
-------------------------------------------
We now construct a solution that corresponds to mode 3 incident from the left (see Fig. \[fig:3in\]). Here the asymptotic wave components on the far left do not include mode 2, and on the far right there are no asymptotic waves for modes 1 and 4. The mode-3 component on the left is normalized to be exactly (\[-3\]). This solution is given by a superposition of $\phi^{(b)}(x)$ and $\phi^{(d)}(x)$ that removes the mode-2 wave on the left and normalizes the mode-3 component on the left. From (\[H2left\]) and (\[F2left\]) we find the required wave: $$\label{3in}
\phi^{\text{3in}}(x)= \frac{ d_2^- \phi^{(b)}(x) - b_2^- \phi^{(d)}(x) }{ d_2^- b_3^- - b_2^- d_3^-}.$$
![ Heuristic ray picture for the wave solution (\[3in\]), whose only incident asymptotic wave component is the normalized mode-3 wave (\[-3\]) on the left. The incident wave has negative norm and scatters into all outgoing modes, some of which have positive norm (modes 1 and 2) and some propagate to the right relative to the fluid (modes 2 and 3 on the right). []{data-label="fig:3in"}](figure9.pdf){width="\linewidth"}
The incident mode-3 wave on the left is left-moving relative to the fluid and has negative norm. It is scattered into all four outgoing modes, including those right-moving relative to the fluid (modes 2 and 3 on the right). The outgoing mode 1 on the left and mode 2 on the right have positive norm, so conservation of norm again implies amplification of the incident wave. We denote the coefficient for scattering of the incident mode 3 into outgoing mode $n$ by $S_{n,3}$, The expansions of (\[3in\]) into asymptotic waves then take the form $$\begin{aligned}
\phi^{\text{3in}}(x) \stackrel{x\ll 0}{\sim} & \, \phi_3^-(x) + S_{1,3} \phi_1^-(x) + S_{4,3} \phi_4^-(x), \label{3inleft} \\
\phi^{\text{3in}}(x) \stackrel{x\gg 0}{\sim} & \, S_{2,3} \phi_2^+(x) + S_{3,3} \phi_3^+(x), \label{3inright}\end{aligned}$$ with scattering coefficients that follow from (\[H2left\]), (\[H2right\]), (\[F2left\]), (\[F2right\]) and (\[3in\]). We calculate the absolute values of the scattering coefficients and find expressions that already appear in (\[S12\])–(\[S42\]): $$\begin{gathered}
\left| S_{1,3} \right|^2 = \left| S_{3,2} \right|^2 , \qquad \left| S_{2,3} \right|^2 = \left| S_{4,2} \right|^2 , \label{S2S3a} \\
\left| S_{3,3} \right|^2 = \left| S_{1,2} \right|^2 , \qquad \left| S_{4,3} \right|^2 = \left| S_{2,2} \right|^2 . \label{S2S3b} \end{gathered}$$ The scattering amplitudes for mode 3 obey the identity that follows from constancy of the norm flux: $$-1- \left| S_{1,3} \right|^2 + \left| S_{4,3} \right|^2 = \left| S_{2,3} \right|^2 - \left| S_{3,3} \right|^2 .$$ There is also a simple relation analogous to (\[ratio\]): $$\frac{ \left| S_{1,3} \right| }{ \left| S_{4,3} \right| } = \frac{ \left| S_{3,3} \right| }{ \left| S_{2,3} \right| } = e^{ -\frac{\pi\omega}{\alpha} } . \label{ratio2}$$
By means of (\[S12as\])–(\[S42as\]) we find immediately the leading-order scattering amplitudes (\[S2S3a\]) and (\[S2S3b\]) as $k_c\to\infty$. The scattering amplitudes thus reproduce the non-dispersive Hawking result $$\begin{gathered}
\left| S_{2,3} \right|^2 = \left| S_{3,3} \right|^2 = 0 , \label{S23haw} \\
\left| S_{4,3} \right|^2 = \left( 1 - e^{ -\frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha} } \right)^{-1} , \quad
\left| S_{1,3} \right|^2 = \left( e^{ \frac{2\pi\omega}{\alpha} } -1 \right)^{-1} , \label{S43haw} \end{gathered}$$ in which there is no scattering into modes right-moving relative to the fluid and $\left| S_{1,3} \right|^2$ has the form of the Planck distribution.
The scattering of the incident mode 3 into modes with opposite norm again implies spontaneous emission in the quantum theory [@rob12; @bro95; @unr95]. In the black-hole binary, the expectation value for the number of quanta in mode 3 emitted to the left (reading Fig. \[fig:3in\] from top to bottom) is $ \left| S_{1,3} \right|^2 + \left| S_{2,3} \right|^2 $. From (\[S2S3a\]) we see that this is equal to the result we obtained for the number of quanta in mode 2 emitted to the left by the black-hole binary. The symmetry of the problem shows that this is also the number of quanta in the low-$k$ modes 1 and 4 emitted to the right (see Fig. \[fig:rays\]). There is thus emission of the same non-thermal spectrum of radiation in all the modes, both left-moving and right-moving relative to the fluid.
Our results were derived for the strictly linear flow profile (\[flow\]), but our analysis showed that there is no wave scattering in the far-left and far-right regions of the flow. The scattering coefficients will therefore be the same for a flow profile that flattens out far from the horizons, provided the change in the flow velocity with distance is slow enough not to induce further scattering.
Concluding remarks
==================
We chose the fourth-order wave equation (\[wave\]) because it is relatively simple while still being applicable to a physical system (the flowing BEC). The same equation with $k_c\to ik_c$ has dispersion that is normal rather than anomalous, but this gives a fourth-order normal dispersion relation $\omega(k)$ that is not monotonic in $k$ in the fluid frame. A monotonic normal dispersion relation leads to singular wave propagation in the linear flow profile, as some modes are infinitely blue-shifted as they approach any point where the flow speed is zero [@bar05]. In reality such modes would be heavily damped as their wavelengths go to zero. For these reasons we have not treated the case of normal dispersion in the linear flow profile.
Our motivation was to obtain an exact solution for the Hawking effect in the presence of dispersion. The linear flow profile has two horizons but it can be solved exactly and the scattering amplitudes (\[S12\])–(\[S42\]) and (\[S2S3a\])–(\[S2S3b\]) are our final results. They demonstrate in exact formulas how dispersion changes the Hawking effect in one particular flow profile.
For the wave equation (\[wave\]), the new qualitative feature introduced by the dispersive term is the reflection of waves, i.e. the scattering of right-movers relative to the fluid into left-movers and vice versa. In the absence of dispersion there is no reflection because equation (\[wave\]) is then exactly the 1+1-dimensional wave equation in curved space-time, and conformal flatness of the metric tensor leads to a strict separation of left- and right-movers. Dispersion causes coupling between the left- and right-movers and this is why reflection occurs in our example. The modification of the Hawking effect due to dispersion is related to the amount of refection because the total scattering into all channels must conserve the norm. The precise relationship between the various scattering channels will depend on the flow profile, even when the dispersion is fixed. For more complicated flow functions $v(x)$ than the one considered here, the scattering coefficients for the wave equation (\[wave\]) will also be more complicated, if indeed exact results can be found.
Instead of trying to solve the wave scattering in a given flow profile, an alternative possibility is to design profiles that give a desired scattering. This approach has been fruitfully pursued in optics and quantum mechanics [@ber90; @lek07; @hor15; @lon15; @phi16; @hor16a; @hor16b; @lon16]. An important lesson from this work is that a breakdown of the geometrical-optics approximation does not necessarily imply scattering. In fact several infinite classes of inhomogeneous profiles are known in optics that have strictly zero scattering, even when the geometrical-optics approximation is violated arbitrarily badly. If these techniques can be extended to the wave equation in a moving medium, then dramatic differences in the spectrum of spontaneous quantum emission may be achieved by careful control of the flow profile.
Acknowledgements {#acknowledgements .unnumbered}
================
I am indebted to R. Parentani for informing me of the close connection between this work and ref. [@bus12], and also for commenting on the manuscript. I also thank S.A.R. Horsley, C. G. King and R. J. Churchill for many helpful discussions.
Conserved quantities {#app:conserved}
====================
An action giving the wave equation (\[wave\]) can be written in a general form that allows for arbitrary dispersion [@unr95]: $$\begin{aligned}
S=\int \int dt \, dx\left[\frac{1}{2}(\partial_t\psi^*+v\partial_x\psi^*) (\partial_t\psi+v\partial_x\psi) \right. \nonumber \\
\left. -\frac{1}{2}F^*(-i\partial_x)\psi^*F(-i\partial_x)\psi \right], \label{act} \\
F(-i\partial_x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^{n+1} i b_{2n+1} \partial_x^{2n+1}. \qquad\end{aligned}$$ This gives the wave equation $$\label{wavegen}
\partial_t (\partial_t+v\partial_x )\psi+\partial_x (v\partial_t+v^2\partial_x )\psi+F^2(-i\partial_x)\psi=0,$$ with the dispersion relation $$\label{disprelgen}
(\omega-vk)^2=F^2(k).$$ The general dispersive equation (\[wavegen\]) has spatial derivatives of $\psi$ of all even orders (terms in the wave equation with an odd number of derivatives would give dissipation). The fourth-order equation (\[wave\]) corresponds to $F^2(-i\partial_x)=-\partial_x^2+\frac{1}{k_c^2}\partial_x^4$, which gives an $F(-i\partial_x)$ that is defined by the power series $$\label{F}
F(k)=k\sqrt{1+\frac{k^2}{k_c^2}}=\sum_{n=0}^\infty \binom{\frac{1}{2}}{n} \frac{k^{2n+1}}{k_c^{2n}}.$$ In (\[act\]) we allow $\psi(x,t)$ to be complex to see better the quantities conserved by (\[wavegen\]). We derive the conservation laws for arbitrary dispersion and then specialise to the fourth-order equation (\[wave\]).
The action (\[act\]) is invariant under the $U(1)$ transformation $\psi\to e^{i\theta}\psi$ and also under time translation (since $v(x)$ is time independent). The conserved quantities associated with these symmetries are the norm and the pseudo-energy, respectively. To construct the conservation laws we must apply Noether’s theorem to an action with an (in general) unbounded number of terms containing derivatives of arbitrarily high order. The method for applying Noether’s theorem to such actions is described in [@phi11], with examples from dispersive optics. We refer to [@phi11] for the technicalities of how to construct the conservation laws and here quote the results for the norm and pseudo-energy. The norm density $\rho_N(x,t)$ and norm flux $s_N(x,t)$ are $$\begin{aligned}
\rho_N = \, & i\psi^*(\partial_t\psi+v\partial_x\psi) +\text{c.c.}, \label{rhoN} \\
s_N = \, & iv\psi^*(\partial_t\psi+v\partial_x\psi) \nonumber \\
& +\sum_{n=0}^\infty \sum_{m=0}^{2n} (-1)^{n+m} b_{2n+1}[\partial_x^mF(-i\partial_x)\psi ]\partial_x^{2n-m}\psi^* \nonumber \\
& +\text{c.c.}, \label{sN}\end{aligned}$$ where c.c. means complex conjugate. It is straightforward to verify that the norm conservation law $$\label{conlaw}
\partial_t \rho_N (x,t)+ \partial_x s_N (x,t)=0$$ holds for waves satisfying the general dispersive equation (\[wavegen\]). The pseudo-energy density $\rho_E(x,t)$ and pseudo-energy flux $s_E(x,t)$ are $$\begin{aligned}
\rho_E = \, &\frac{1}{2}\left( \partial_t\psi^* \partial_t\psi - v^2\partial_x\psi^* \partial_x\psi \right) \nonumber \\
&+\frac{1}{2} F^*(-i\partial_x)\psi^* F(-i\partial_x)\psi , \label{rhoE} \\
s_E = \, & \frac{1}{2} v \partial_t\psi^*(\partial_t\psi+v\partial_x\psi) \nonumber \\
- & \frac{i}{2} \sum_{n=0}^\infty \sum_{m=0}^{2n} (-1)^{n+m} b_{2n+1}[\partial_x^mF(-i\partial_x)\psi ]\partial_x^{2n-m}\partial_t\psi^* \nonumber \\
& +\text{c.c.} \label{sE}\end{aligned}$$ These also obey the conservation law of form (\[conlaw\]), because of (\[wavegen\]).
For monochromatic waves $\psi(x,t)=e^{-i\omega t} \phi(x)$, the densities (\[rhoN\]) and (\[rhoE\]), and fluxes (\[sN\]) and (\[sE\]), are clearly time-independent. The conservation law (\[conlaw\]) thus gives for monochromatic waves $$\label{sNconst}
\partial_x s_N =0,$$ so that the flux is the same at each point in the inhomogeneous flow. This constant-flux condition is of great importance in analysing wave propagation in the fluid. The fourth-order wave equation (\[wave\]) corresponds to $F$ given by (\[F\]), and in this case the norm flux (\[sN\]) reduces to a finite number of terms: $$\begin{aligned}
s_N (x,t) = \, & iv\psi^*(\partial_t\psi+v\partial_x\psi) -i \psi^* \partial_x \psi \nonumber \\
& + i k_c^{-2} \left( \psi^* \partial_x^3 \psi - \partial_x \psi^* \partial_x^2 \psi \right) +\text{c.c.}. \label{sN4th} \end{aligned}$$ The constancy of this flux for monochromatic waves will be referred to throughout.
Asymptotics of the wave equation {#app:asymptotic}
================================
The main aim here is to understand the wave equation (\[wave\]) in the asymptotic regions $|x|\to\infty$ of the linear flow profile. We show that waves in the linear profile must reduce, as $|x|\to\infty$, to non-interacting wave components associated with the dispersion relation. The norm flux (\[sN4th\]) for these wave components is then calculated.
The issue addressed here could be phrased as that of finding the WKB solutions of the wave equation in the flow. But it is worth pointing out some significant differences between asymptotic solutions for sound in a flowing fluid and the familiar WKB solutions in optics and quantum mechanics. For the Helmholtz equation (equivalently the time-independent Schrödinger equation) in an inhomogeneous medium, there is a simple criterion for the WKB solutions to be good approximations, namely that the fractional change in the refractive index must be very small over a local wavelength. This criterion is clearly satisfied as $|x|\to\infty$ if the permittivity profile approaches constant values. But the Helmholtz equation has the property that the WKB criterion is satisfied for large $|x|$ even for profiles that diverge as $|x|\to\infty$, because the local wavelength goes to zero. This means that general WKB solutions can be written which are functionals of an arbitrary permittivity profile and these will always be valid as $|x|\to\infty$. The wave equation for sound in a moving fluid shows important differences. One can compute leading-order asymptotic solutions in this case also, but the criterion for their validity is not very simple. For all flow profiles with regions where $v'(x)$ is very small, leading-order asymptotic solutions that are accurate in these regions can be derived as functionals of $v(x)$. These functionals, however, do *not* give the leading-order asymptotic solutions for the linear profile in the regions $|x|\to\infty$. This is because $v'(x)$ stays constant as $|x|\to\infty$ for the linear profile while the wavelengths of some roots of the dispersion relation get larger.
For completeness, we first give the leading-order asymptotic solutions valid in any regions where $v'(x)$ is “small" and allowing for arbitrary dispersion. Then we treat the leading-order asymptotic solutions of (\[wave\]) for the linear profile (\[flow\]), in the regions $|x|\to\infty$.
Asymptotics in regions of slowly varying flow velocity
------------------------------------------------------
The wave equation (\[wavegen\]) in the case of arbitrary dispersion gives the monochromatic equation $$\label{monogen}
\left[\omega^2 +i\omega v'+2 v (i\omega-v')\partial_x -v^2 \partial_x^2 -F^2(-i\partial_x) \right]\phi=0.$$ Following a standard approach to the WKB approximation in quantum mechanics [@merz], we substitute $\phi(x)= e^{i\chi(x)}$ and arrange (\[monogen\]) as $$\begin{aligned}
(\omega-v\chi')^2 - & F^2(\chi') = -i\omega v'+2ivv'\chi'+iv^2\chi'' \nonumber \\
&+e^{-i\chi}\left[F^2(-i\partial_x) -F^2(\chi') \right] e^{i\chi}. \label{wkb1}\end{aligned}$$ In regions where $v'$, and therefore $\chi'$, are nearly constant, terms on the right-hand side of (\[wkb1\]) are small compared to terms on the left-hand side. We therefore iterate (\[wkb1\]) as follows. To lowest order the solution of (\[wkb1\]) is $\chi_0'$, satisfying $$\label{wkb2}
(\omega-v\chi_0')^2 - F^2(\chi_0') = 0,$$ i.e. the branches of the dispersion relation (\[disprelgen\]). The lowest order correction $\chi_1'$ to $\chi_0'$ is found by inserting $\chi'=\chi_0'+\chi_1'$ into (\[wkb1\]), applying (\[wkb2\]), and keeping only terms linear in small quantities of the same order as $\chi_1'$, i.e. $\chi_0''$, $\chi_1'$ and $v'$. This gives $$\begin{aligned}
-2(\omega-v\chi_0')v\chi_1' - & 2F(\chi_0')F'(\chi_0')\chi_1' = -i\omega v'+2ivv'\chi_0' \nonumber \\
& +iv^2\chi_0'' -i \frac{d}{dx}\left[F(\chi_0') F'(\chi_0') \right] , \label{wkb3}\end{aligned}$$ which yields the following solution for $\chi_1'$: $$\begin{aligned}
\chi_1' &=\frac{i}{2}\frac{d}{dx} \ln \left|(\omega-v\chi_0')v+F(\chi_0') F'(\chi_0') \right| \nonumber \\
&= \frac{i}{2}\frac{d}{dx} \ln \left|F(\chi_0') V_g(\chi_0') \right|.\end{aligned}$$ The last expression contains $V_g(\chi_0')$, the group velocity in the laboratory frame of the mode given by the root $\chi_0'$ of the dispersion relation (\[wkb2\]), i.e. $$V_g(k)=v\pm F'(k),$$ where the sign depends on the branch $k$. The solution for $\phi(x)= e^{i\chi(x)}$ to order $\chi_1'$ is thus $$\label{wkbsoln}
\phi(x)\sim \frac{1}{2\sqrt{\left|F(\chi_0') V_g(\chi_0') \right|}} e^{i\chi_0},$$ where a normalization factor of $1/2$ is inserted. This result, valid for arbitrary dispersion, can also be derived from an analysis of the wave equation (\[monogen\]) in $k$-space [@rob12].
The norm density (\[rhoN\]) and pseudo-energy density (\[rhoE\]) for the asymptotic solutions (\[wkbsoln\]) is positive or negative according to the sign of the co-moving frequency $\omega-v\chi_0'$. Norm and pseudo-energy are transported at the group velocity of the mode, i.e. $s_N/\rho_N=s_E/\rho_E=V_g(\chi_0')$.
The norm flux (\[sN\]) of the asymptotic solutions (\[wkbsoln\]) is equal to $\pm1$ (to the same order of approximation). The sign of the norm flux is given by the product of two signs: the sign of the norm being transported by the mode (given by the sign of the co-moving frequency) and the sign of the mode’s group velocity. A superposition of asymptotic solutions (\[wkbsoln\]) for different roots $\chi_0'$ of the dispersion relation has the important property that its norm flux is just the sum of the fluxes of the individual components in the superposition, i.e. all cross terms in (\[sN\]) involving different components cancel out.
Asymptotics of the wave equation in the linear profile
------------------------------------------------------
Here we confine attention to the fourth-order equation (\[mono\]) in the linear profile (\[flow\]), and find its asymptotic solutions in the regions $|x|\to\infty$.
As noted in Sec. \[sec:wave\], the four roots of the dispersion relation (\[disprel\]) in the linear profile have complicated expressions, but here we require only their asymptotic expansions for large $|x|$. We denote the roots by $k_n(x)$, where $n$ labels the ray solutions 1 to 4 discussed in Sec. \[sec:wave\]. For large positive $x$ the first few terms of the expansions of $k_n(x)$ are $$\begin{aligned}
k_1(x) & \sim \frac{\omega}{\alpha x}\left( -1+\frac{1}{\alpha x} -\frac{1}{\alpha^2 x^2} +\frac{2k_c^2+\omega^2}{2k_c^2\alpha^3 x^3} \right) , \label{k1} \\
k_2(x) & \sim \alpha k_c x - \frac{k_c-2\omega}{2\alpha x} - \frac{k_c^2-8k_c\omega+8\omega^2}{8k_c\alpha^3 x^3} , \label{k2} \\
k_3(x) & \sim -\alpha k_c x + \frac{k_c+2\omega}{2\alpha x} + \frac{k_c^2+8k_c\omega+8\omega^2}{8k_c\alpha^3 x^3}, \label{k3} \\
k_4(x) & \sim \frac{\omega}{\alpha x}\left( -1-\frac{1}{\alpha x} -\frac{1}{\alpha^2 x^2} -\frac{2k_c^2+\omega^2}{2k_c^2\alpha^3 x^3} \right) . \label{k4} \end{aligned}$$
The invariance of the dispersion relation under $x\to-x,\ k\to-k$ leads to the following (exact) relations: $k_1(-x)=-k_2(x)$, $k_3(-x)=-k_4(x)$ (this can be seen in the dispersion plots in Fig. \[fig:disp\]). We can thus easily obtain from (\[k1\])–(\[k4\]) the asymptotic expansions of the wave-vectors $k_n(x)$ for large negative $x$.
We first seek asymptotic solutions to (\[mono\]) for large positive $x$. In view of (\[wkbsoln\]), we make the Ansatz $$\label{asym1}
\phi^+_n(x)\sim A^+_n(x) \exp\left[i\int^x dx\, k_n(x)\right],$$ where $A^+_n(x)$ are unknown amplitude functions for the modes 1 to 4, and the superscript $+$ labels the region (large positive $x$) in which the expansion (\[asym1\]) is to be valid. We insert (\[asym1\]) for $n=1,\dots,4$ into the wave equation (\[mono\]) and demand that it be satisfied for $x\to\infty$. For modes 1 and 4 the wave equation is satisfied by (\[asym1\]) as $x\to\infty$ even with constant $A^+_1$ and $A^+_4$. By demanding that $A^+_1(x)$ and $A^+_4(x)$ increase the accuracy of the asymptotic solutions (\[asym1\]), so that the wave equation is satisfied to higher orders of $1/x$, we can build up the required amplitudes $A^+_1(x)$ and $A^+_4(x)$ as asymptotic series. For modes 2 and 3 we perform the same procedure, but here the wave equation is not satisfied by (\[asym1\]) to any order of $1/x$ without $x$-dependent amplitudes $A^+_2(x)$ and $A^+_3(x)$. The amplitudes $A^+_n$, to the orders consistent with the accuracy of the expansions (\[k1\])–(\[k4\]), are found to be $$\begin{aligned}
A^+_1(x) & \sim \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\omega}}\left( 1+\frac{i\omega^3}{6k_c^2\alpha^4 x^3} \right) , \label{A1} \\
A^+_2(x) & \sim \frac{1}{\sqrt{2k_c\alpha^3x^3}}\left( 1+ \frac{12 k_c-27i\alpha-32 \omega}{16k_c\alpha^2 x^2} \right) , \label{A2} \\
A^+_3(x) & \sim \frac{1}{\sqrt{2k_c\alpha^3x^3}}\left( 1+ \frac{12 k_c+27i\alpha+32 \omega}{16k_c\alpha^2 x^2} \right) , \label{A3} \\
A^+_4(x) & \sim \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\omega}}\left( 1-\frac{i\omega^3}{6k_c^2\alpha^4 x^3} \right) . \label{A4} \end{aligned}$$ where convenient constant normalization factors have been included. Using these and (\[k1\])–(\[k4\]) in (\[asym1\]) we obtain asymptotic solutions for the four modes. We will only need the leading order of (\[asym1\]) for modes 2 and 3, but we require the first three orders for modes 1 and 4, as follows: $$\begin{aligned}
\phi^+_1(x) & \sim \frac{ x^{-i\omega/\alpha}}{\sqrt{2\omega}}\left( 1-\frac{i\omega}{\alpha^2 x}+\frac{i\omega(\alpha+i\omega)}{2\alpha^4 x^2} \right) , \label{+1} \\
\phi^+_2(x) & \sim \frac{ x^{-\frac{3}{2}+i\frac{2\omega-k_c}{2\alpha}}}{\sqrt{2k_c\alpha^3}} \exp\left( \frac{i \alpha k_c x^2}{2} \right) , \label{+2} \\
\phi^+_3(x) & \sim \frac{ x^{-\frac{3}{2}+i\frac{2\omega+k_c}{2\alpha}}}{\sqrt{2k_c\alpha^3}} \exp\left(- \frac{i \alpha k_c x^2}{2} \right) , \label{+3} \\
\phi^+_4(x) & \sim \frac{ x^{-i\omega/\alpha}}{\sqrt{2\omega}}\left( 1+\frac{i\omega}{\alpha^2 x}+\frac{i\omega(\alpha+i\omega)}{2\alpha^4 x^2} \right) . \label{+4} \end{aligned}$$
One can show that the amplitudes (\[A2\]) and (\[A3\]) for modes 2 and 3 are the same as would be obtained by using the result (\[wkbsoln\]) for a slowly varying flow velocity. But the amplitudes (\[A1\]) and (\[A4\]) for modes 1 and 4 are not given correctly by (\[wkbsoln\]).
The four expressions (\[+1\])–(\[+4\]) are also asymptotic solutions for large negative $x$, but the identification of each with one of the four modes is different in the region $x\to-\infty$. It is straightforward to find the corresponding mode in each case, and the four asymptotic solutions $\phi^-_n(x)$ for $x\to-\infty$ take the form $$\begin{aligned}
\phi^-_1(x) & \sim \frac{ \left|x\right|^{-\frac{1}{2}+i\frac{2\omega-k_c}{2\alpha}}}{x\sqrt{2k_c\alpha^3}} \exp\left( \frac{ i \alpha k_c x^2}{2} \right) , \label{-1} \\
\phi^-_2(x) & \sim \frac{ \left|x\right|^{-i\omega/\alpha}}{\sqrt{2\omega}}\left( 1+\frac{i\omega}{\alpha^2 x}+\frac{i\omega(\alpha+i\omega)}{2\alpha^4 x^2} \right) , \label{-2} \\
\phi^-_3(x) & \sim \frac{ \left|x\right|^{-i\omega/\alpha}}{\sqrt{2\omega}}\left( 1-\frac{i\omega}{\alpha^2 x}+\frac{i\omega(\alpha+i\omega)}{2\alpha^4 x^2} \right) , \label{-3} \\
\phi^-_4(x) & \sim \frac{ \left|x\right|^{-\frac{1}{2}+i\frac{2\omega+k_c}{2\alpha}}}{x\sqrt{2k_c\alpha^3}} \exp\left( - \frac{i \alpha k_c x^2}{2} \right) . \label{-4} \end{aligned}$$
The norm flux (\[sN\]) of each of the asymptotic solutions (\[+1\])–(\[-4\]) is equal to $\pm1$, to leading order. Modes 2 and 4 have norm flux equal to $+1$ while modes 1 and 3 have norm flux of $-1$. The sign of the norm flux is the product of the sign of the norm (positive for modes 1 and 2, negative for modes 3 and 4) and the group velocity (positive for modes 2 and 3, negative for modes 1 and 4). A superposition of the asymptotic solutions has a norm flux that is the sum of the fluxes of the individual mode components, i.e. all cross terms in (\[sN\]) between different modes cancel out, to leading order.
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Q:
Catch errors from validation when saving product or category ($product->validate() or $category->validate())
I would like to validate the data before saving a product programatically because ->save() saves a product even if it doesn't have an sku.
If I do ->validate() I get the expected error:
[Magento\Eav\Model\Entity\Attribute\Exception]
The value of attribute "sku" must be set
But I would like to catch that error and log it somewhere and let the script continue on another product.
This doesn't work:
try{
$product->validate();
} catch(Exception $e){
}
If I look at the validate method it doesn't supply much info about where can I catch the error (except for that @todo):
\module-catalog\model\Product.php
/**
* Validate Product Data
*
* @todo implement full validation process with errors returning which are ignoring now
*
* @return array
*/
public function validate()
{
$this->_eventManager->dispatch($this->_eventPrefix . '_validate_before', $this->_getEventData());
$result = $this->_getResource()->validate($this);
$this->_eventManager->dispatch($this->_eventPrefix . '_validate_after', $this->_getEventData());
return $result;
}
I imagine it is quite a common task. Does anyone have any solutions?
A:
You can check like this:
$errors = $product->validate();
//validate returns true if everything is ok and an array with the errors otherwise
if (is_array($errors)) {
//log your errors
} else {
//proceed to save
}
The errors array should look like this:
array(
'attribute_code1_here' => 'Error message 1 here',
'attribute_code2_here' => 'Error message 2 here',
....
)
There is a catch also.
If the product is not assigned to an attribute set, you will get only this error
array('attribute_set' => 'Invalid attribute set entity type');
all the other errors will not be shown for that product.
For the categories it works the same without the restriction on the attribute set because there is only one attribute set for the categories.
[EDIT]
before calling $product->validate() call this:
$product->setCollectExceptionMessages(true);
This will collect all the validation error messages inside an array and it will not throw an exception.
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BUENA PARK, Calif (KABC) -- Knott's Berry Farm has partnered with Heritage Auctions to hold a special auction featuring more than 200 items from the park's archives.Many of the items were once displayed inside the 75-year-old park but have since spent years in storage.Pieces include coin-operated player pianos, ride animatronics and western paintings.The park hopes much of the memorabilia will not only go to the highest bidder, but to owners who will find a good home for a slice of Knott's history.The auction date is set for March 31 with a preview day the week prior.
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Webb managed to pitch in a few rehab games at Double-A Frisco before undergoing season-ending rotator cuff surgery. He showed decreased velocity and showcased pitches with "Hit Me" on them instead of "Rawlings" during his rehab appearances, allowing 21 hits in 12 innings. Although he has expressed no desire to retire, one has to wonder if he'll ever toe the rubber on a major league mound again after what will now be at least a three-year absence.
2011
Webb has made one start the last two seasons, while all of 2010 was lost following shoulder surgery. On multiple occasions, it appeared as though he was going to return in August or September and log innings out of the Arizona bullpen, but multiple setbacks in his rehab sessions prevented him from making it back as far as a minor league rehab assignment. After signing with the Rangers in January, Webb is a lottery ticket at this point as the days of inking him in for 225-plus innings appear well in the past.
2010
The D-Backs picked up their $8.5 million option on Webb after he made just one start in 2009 and underwent a season-long attempt to rehab back from shoulder stiffness following his Opening Day start. His week-to-week status quickly turned into month-to-month, before culminating in a shoulder debridement operation in September. As spring training approached, Webb had successfully completed his rehab work and was on track to prepare for the start of spring training as he normally would. Getting him back into the rotation for another 30-plus starts would provide a huge boost to an Arizona pitching staff looking to fill a few holes on the free-agent market this winter. Fortunately for Webb, tests and the subsequent operation didn't reveal any tears of his labrum, so there's reason to believe that he'll bounce back in 2010. Be sure to carefully monitor his health and performance during spring training before an attempt to draft him on the cheap this spring.
2009
Webb had his best major league campaign yet, finishing with 22-7 in 34 starts. You can chalk it up as another great season in what is turning into a very productive career for Webb. He's still generating plenty of groundballs (2.93 G/F), while maintaining a healthy strikeout rate (7.27 K/9IP) and limiting his walks (2.58 BB/9IP). He's proven capable of handling a heavy workload on a yearly basis, rolling up over 225 innings in each of the last four seasons, while Webb has finished with an ERA below 3.60 in all six of his seasons in Arizona. A long-term contract extension appears to be in the offing, while Arizona may need to get a hometown discount to keep him beyond an $8 million team option in 2010. Expect him to come off the board as one of the high-priced elite pitching options on draft day.
2008
Webb had another excellent season in 2007, posting numbers again worthy of Cy Young consideration. His G/F ratio slid from an extreme 3.53 in 2006 to 2.57 last season, but his 194 strikeouts were a career high and he cut back on homers allowed for the third straight season. Webb is in his prime and with the D-Backs poised to be competitive again in 2008, expect another year of Top-10 production from the Arizona ace.
2007
Webb improved a bit, and the defense improved a bit (.310 BABIP dropped to .293), and that's how you win a Cy Young Award. He's terrific, and likely to stay this good for a while. Mid-season shoulder issues didn't seem to bother him down the stretch.
2006
Webb had a big comeback in 2005. Forget his ERA, which barely budged from 2004, and check the walk rate instead. Yes, he really did cut his walks in half while keeping his strikeout rate constant and pitching more innings to boot. The sinkerball artist also led the majors in groundball-flyball ratio last year (by a good margin), so the acquisition of the slick-fielding Orlando Hudson could bode well for Webb's stats.
2005
In his rookie year Webb walked roughly one out of every twelve batters he faced. In 2004 hitters learned to lay off Webb's sinker and that walk rate skyrocketed to roughly one batter out of nine, which led to a lot of other numbers getting worse as well. Don't be fooled by that relatively pleasant 3.59 ERA, Webb's component ERA (component ERA is a statistic that estimates what a pitcher's ERA should have been, based on his hits, walks, and home runs allowed.) last year was a much higher 4.32, which indicates that, as bad as Webb's walk rate was, he was actually lucky in terms of how his walks and hits translated to runs. There's still much of talent here, and a new pitching coach can help, so if he slips to the second half of your draft, he'd be a good buy.
2004
Here he is, the best rookie pitcher of 2003. (No, not the award winner, but what do THEY know?) In 2003, Webb posted a quality start in 21 of his 28 starts (75 percent, the best rate in the league for anyone with 20 or more starts). He held NL hitters to a .605 OPS (or, in other words, he made everyone look like Tony Womack), second in the league only to Jason Schmidt. Yes, he only got 10 wins, but his run support (3.2 runs per game) was among the worst in the majors. According to Baseball Prospectus' stats, with average run support Webb would have gone 14-5, not 10-9. Should we expect a downturn in 2004? It could always happen, but we wouldn't bet on it. He'll be the No. 2 man behind Randy Johnson in Arizona's rotation this year, and he'd be worth a high draft pick in your league.
2003
Webb went 10-6, 3.14 in 25 starts at Double-A in 2002 (122 K's in 152 innings), then wowed ‘em in the Arizona Fall League, posting a 0.55 ERA in eight games (16 innings). He'll turn 24 in May; probably starts 2003 at Triple-A, but could crack the big-league bullpen with great spring outings and a break or two.
|
Contact Information
Job Description
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Fun, energy filled atmosphere. State of the art
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|
Local civilian military workers worry about sequestration
Published: Wednesday, February 27, 2013 at 10:15 AM.
About 3,700 civilian employees work at Eglin Air Force Base and another 1,400 work at Hurlburt Field.
The final implementation plan hasn’t been released, but the Secretary of the Air Force said in a memo Monday that affected employees would be subject to furloughs, or unpaid leave, for up to 22 discontinuous workdays.
That’s if Congress doesn’t agree to avert the budget cuts, or sequestration, by Thursday, the memo said.
Eglin anticipates that if the furloughs go into effect, most civilian employees will not report to work one day a week from the end of April to the end of September, said Andy Bourland, a spokesman for Eglin.
For Blount, that could mean a loss of about $800 a month, or 23 percent of his pay, he said.
The Iraq war veteran served six years in the Air Force before leaving to join the civilian workforce.
He said he feels like he has a good-paying job, but that he’s budgeted his life for that income and a sudden cutback will quickly lead to hard times for his family.
Last week the Department of Defense announced its intention to make civilian employees take unpaid leave if Congress doesn’t avert the some $85 billion in budget cuts set to take effect by the end of the week.
For Blount, a civilian carpenter at Eglin Air Force Base, that could mean he won’t be able to pay his bills. The 32-year-old is the primary earner for his wife and toddler.
“This is the only check for my family,” Blount said. “This is not only going to affect my job, but my future — probably for a long time.”
He said he already has contacted his mortgage company and credit lenders to try to get payments lowered to brace for the possible loss of income.
Even so, he knows he likely won’t be able to make all the scheduled payments.
“You’ve got to feed the child first before you pay the other bills, so that’s where the money is going to be going,” he said. “We will probably be in a lot of debt trouble. My credit is going to go to nothing.”
About 3,700 civilian employees work at Eglin Air Force Base and another 1,400 work at Hurlburt Field.
The final implementation plan hasn’t been released, but the Secretary of the Air Force said in a memo Monday that affected employees would be subject to furloughs, or unpaid leave, for up to 22 discontinuous workdays.
That’s if Congress doesn’t agree to avert the budget cuts, or sequestration, by Thursday, the memo said.
Eglin anticipates that if the furloughs go into effect, most civilian employees will not report to work one day a week from the end of April to the end of September, said Andy Bourland, a spokesman for Eglin.
For Blount, that could mean a loss of about $800 a month, or 23 percent of his pay, he said.
The Iraq war veteran served six years in the Air Force before leaving to join the civilian workforce.
He said he feels like he has a good-paying job, but that he’s budgeted his life for that income and a sudden cutback will quickly lead to hard times for his family.
Curt Kirkland, 48, is a civil engineer at Eglin. His wife is also a civil employee there.
He also is concerned the cuts will prevent his family from being able to meet their financial obligations, from house and car payments to their son’s college tuition.
His job requires security clearance that depends on a clean financial record, so if his credit takes a beating he is worried he eventually could lose his job.
Amanda Patterson, a 33-year-old civilian employee at NAS Pensacola with two children, said she may try to pick up a delivery job on the days she is required to take off to make up for the loss of income.
Civilian employees already haven’t had a cost-of-living pay raise for several years, Blount said.
“There is a lot of animosity in the local shops,” he said. “Morale has not been good.”
Local federal workers’ unions are concerned.
“We just continue to support the mission and do what we do,” said Thaddeus Wallace, president of the American Federation of Government Employees Local 1897, which represents thousands of local blue collar civilian military employees.
“This is another extremely hard hit to take,” he said.
Wallace said he’s worried not only about his workers’ pay, but also about possible impacts to the military’s mission that relies on civilian support work and how the loss of income will affect local businesses that civilian workers frequent.
Because of that, he questions whether laying civilians out on the chopping block is the best way to cut the military’s budget.
“I think overall we can look at how we spend in general,” he said. “There’s lots of ways to address this. Just looking down at the civilians at this particular point is a method that can have long-range effects on our economy.”
The civilian workforce makes up about 10 percent of the military’s total personnel budget, which includes military, civilian and contractors, according to a Department of Defense document from 2011. Contractors are the costliest, at about 50 percent of the total personnel budget.
While many employees are scrambling to try to plan for the pay cut, Rocky Tasse, president of the American Federation of Government Employees Local 1942, is bracing for a fight.
According to the Air Force, the unions have until early March to propose their own plans for implementing the furlough.
Tasse said he met with other union presidents representing Air Force civilian employees last week. He said they will likely propose that the furlough days be consecutive: up to 22 days off in a row without pay.
That would allow workers to file for unemployment benefits in most states to help make up for the loss of income, he said.
The employees could schedule their unpaid leave over a five-month period.
If implemented that way, it would have the added benefit of threatening to interrupt day-to-day Air Force base operations, which may be unpalatable enough to stave off or weaken the furlough, Tasse said.
“I want to make this so painful that they will never, ever consider doing this again.”
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Saint Patrick
There is probably no instance in the world of a saint and a country being linked so closely as Saint Patrick and Ireland. When he began his mission to that Celtic nation in the 5th century, it was almost entirely pagan, with spiritual matters firmly in the hands of the Druid. By the time he died, some decades later, a significant portion of its large and dispersed population was Christian. And the Catholic faith has burned strongly in Ireland ever since.
For so popular a saint, frustratingly little is known for sure about Patrick. He was a man of action rather than of the pen and the two short pieces of his writing that survive are, though lively and readable, quite inadequate as autobiographical material.
Fortunately, the Irish have been particularly gifted in handing down their history by word of mouth for thousands of years, and so there is a lively and extensive body of tradition linked with the man. Equally important, there has been no lack of scholars to sift this tradition for what is sound in it.
Devotion to Saint Patrick has of course accompanied the Irish in their vast emigrations, and the English speaking world is rich with churches bearing his name. Among the most magnificent surely, is our own Cathedral of Saint Patrick. Here the saint is represented with appropriate attention. His statue anchors the north end of the front of the Sanctuary. He also appears in a small statue set into the front doors of the Cathedral. Most striking of all is the immense window above the south transept door consisting of panels depicting various key moments linked, in legend or in fact with Patrick's life. Beginning in the lower left corner and reading the scenes upwards in groups of three, these are: his baptism; his capture; an angel revealing his vocation; his preaching the gospel aboard a ship, his being sold in Ireland; being set free; being made a cleric by Saint Martin of Tours; pursuing his studies at Lerins; being ordained a priest; setting out for Rome; receiving the Pope Saint Celestine l's blessing; being consecrated a bishop; visiting Saint Germain d' Auxerre; his first conversions in Ireland; giving Communion to King Laoghaire's daughters; raising a person from the dead; his own death; and angels singing his funeral hymn.
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Application of the CO2 laser to infertility surgery.
In addition to use of the CO2 laser in gynecologic surgery for the treatment of pelvic, vaginal and vulvar neoplasms, it has been more recently applied to the treatment of infertility. The advantages afforded by the laser over conventional techniques are discussed. The authors' clinical experience in the surgical treatment of infertility, with emphasis on endometriosis and microtubal surgery, are described, and use of the new electro-pulsed laser in infertility surgery is evaluated.
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Offshore verification needs to move with the times and improve its contribution to safety according to global risk management company, DNV GL.
In a paper to be presented at SPE Offshore Europe 2019 this September, DNV GL will reveal, for the first-time, details of its project to develop the next generation of verification to manage risks relating to major accident hazards.
The organisation is piloting a new verification approach that utilises digital technologies, particularly data mining techniques and smart software that were not available 30 years ago when verification was first introduced to the UK.
DNV GL believes that this approach will improve the benefits contributed by the independent verifiers to offshore safety by taking a more focused approach towards assessing management of risks without increasing cost to the duty holder and while more effectively meeting the intent of the current legislation.
Several North Sea operators have been working closely with DNV GL to review how the verifier can improve its contribution to the management of offshore safety.
Jack Downie, Head of Development and Innovation, UK Verification Services at DNV GL and author of the paper says, “Through discussion with many duty holders, we know that there is a common understanding that the current verification system has not evolved in line with industry’s new reality. Much has changed in the last 30 years; our collective understanding of major accident hazards and the contribution made by safety and environmental critical plant and equipment has improved, safe systems of work are more advanced, computerised maintenance management systems have developed and offshore communication and technology is unrecognisable compared to the 1990s.
“Our paper at SPE Offshore Europe will present a critical review of the verifier role and whether it still meets the original intent of the process that was created by Lord Cullen through the Safety Case Regulations (1996).”
The paper will give examples of deficiencies in the current verification system and launch DNV GL’s proposed more efficient and encompassing service which follows the principles of process safety and will ensure that the verifier is looking at the right risks at the right time.
The aim of this new approach is to enhance the ability of the verifier, and therefore the duty holder, to visualise signals of deterioration in performance of their hazard management.
DNV GL is to hold workshops with duty holders over the next few months and begin pilot assessments early in 2020 where technical results will be compared directly with traditional methods. The offshore workforce will be engaged through offshore meetings and requests for feedback.
The DNV GL paper “Next Generation Verification of Offshore Assets” will be presented on Tuesday 3rd September at 15:30 at SPE Offshore Europe being held for the first time at P&J Live, Aberdeen’s new GBP 333 million state-of-the-art event complex.
The conference programme includes a three parallel stream technical conference with 75 technical papers and a two-stream keynote programme with more than 70 senior executives discussing key industry issues in 12 2-hour sessions.
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Understanding the psychological factors that impact on the introduction of technological innovations in the oil and gas industry is a key step to ensuring that the industry unlocks its full potential, according to research by […]
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include_rules = [
"+ash/sysui/public/interfaces",
"+components/arc",
"+components/drive",
"+components/user_manager",
"+mash/shelf/public/interfaces",
"+media",
]
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Q:
Firefox loads old versions of changed files from apache
So, I'm running an apache server on linux. Sometimes, Firefox decides to not load the new version of a file after I edited it. For example, right now I have a .js file wich is loaded dynamicly. It had a bug, wich I corrected (I checked with Chromium), but when the file is loaded in Firefox, it still has the bug! When looking at the response header of the ajax request, I see the code of the file BEFORE it was changed. But that code doesn't exist anymore... I had this happen with CSS files too.
When I rename the file to something else, it loads the right stuff, but as soon as I rename it to the old name, it starts loading an old version of the file again!
I restarted apache2, but that didn't change anything.
I checked for file permissions too, no problem there as far as I could tell (I changed all files' permissions to rwxrwxrwx to be sure).
When accessing with an other browser, it works fine!
In previous cases, the next day or so, the problem would have vanished, but I can't always just stop for a day in what I'm doing...
A:
This is caused by browser cache,
you can consider to use url with version parameter,
like http://yourdomain.com/js/some.js?v=$version,
and update the $version whenever you update a css/js
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Betty or Veronica
If you happen to be an accident prone, red-headed 17 year old with an unexplainable crosshatch pattern in your hair, chances are you can identify pretty closely with Archie Comics’ own Archie Andrews. For those of us who are none of those things, we can still identify with Archie due to the monumental choice that is constantly in front of him. Our faithful protagonist is constantly torn between the sweet, blond-haired Betty Cooper, and the stylish, raven-haired heiress Veronica Lodge.
Betty Cooper is the girl next-door; middle class, smart, athletic and well liked; she was also ranked at 66 in Comic Buyer’s Guide’s: 100 sexiest women in comics issue, as creepy as that may be. Veronica Lodge is her perfect foil; an aristocrat through and through, stylish, narcissistic, spoiled and popular. She also made the list in Comic Buyer’s Guide’s: 100 sexiest women in comics issue, but came in at 87th. At first glance it would appear that Betty is the clear choice for Archie, however given the recent storylines within the comics both girls have been pursuing other love interests. The girls are both operating under a similar idea: going out with another boy will incite jealousy in Archie and he will vie for their attention.
Where does this leave poor ol’ Archie? Pulling out his ridiculously orange hair by the fistful I would imagine. Betty and Veronica are frenemies and have said they only fight over things that don’t matter, namely: boys. These girls have been slugging it out over Archie since 1941 and they openly admit that at the end of the day, boys are no big deal. To me this puts both girls on even standing; after all they’ve been toying with Archie’s feelings for the past 71 years. So it ultimately comes down to what either of them can offer Archie. I could go into detail about which girl I myself would choose but that might lead into some scary territory. If he chooses Betty he resigns himself to a solid middle class life, content but ever wondering what could have been with Veronica. If he chooses Veronica he moves up the social ladder, into the high life with guaranteed financial security but married to a materialistic and vain woman. Either way Archie loses.
The clear choice is for Archie to remain a swinging bachelor, driving around in his crap car with his dopey friend, who clearly has an eating disorder. This is the Archie that everyone has come to know and I can’t see it changing anytime soon, they’ve tried making Archie a married man in some dream sequence issues, but it just wouldn’t be Archie. So, there you have it — quite an anticlimactic conclusion to such a controversial topic.
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Inactivation of a voltage-dependent K+ channel by beta subunit. Modulation by a phosphorylation-dependent interaction between the distal C terminus of alpha subunit and cytoskeleton.
Kv1.1/Kvbeta1.1 (alphabeta) K+ channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes was shown to have a fast inactivating current component. The fraction of this component (extent of inactivation) is increased by microfilament disruption induced by cytochalasins or by phosphorylation of the alpha subunit at Ser-446, which impairs the interaction of the channel with microfilaments. The relevant sites of interaction on the channel molecules have not been identified. Using a phosphorylation-deficient mutant of alpha, S446A, to ensure maximal basal interaction of the channel with the cytoskeleton, we show that one relevant site is the end of the C terminus of alpha. Truncation of the last six amino acids resulted in alphabeta channels with an extent of inactivation up to 2.5-fold larger and its further enhancement by cytochalasins being reduced 2-fold. The wild-type channels exhibited strong inactivation, which could not be markedly increased either by cytochalasins or by the C-terminal mutations, indicating that the interaction of the wild-type channels with microfilaments was minimal to begin with, presumably because of extensive basal phosphorylation. Since the C-terminal end of Kv1.1 was shown to participate in channel clustering via an interaction with members of the PSD-95 family of proteins, we propose that a similar interaction with an endogenous protein takes place, contributing to channel connection to the oocyte cytoskeleton. This is the first report to assign a modulatory role to such an interaction: together with the state of phosphorylation of the channel, it regulates the extent of inactivation conferred by the beta subunit.
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59 So.2d 215 (1952)
SCHINDLER
v.
GAGE et al.
No. 19578.
Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Orleans.
May 26, 1952.
Adams & Reese, New Orleans, for plaintiff and appellant.
E. B. Charbonnet, Jr., New Orleans, for defendant and appellee.
McBRIDE, Judge.
Plaintiff instituted this suit for $165.65, the amount of damages which he alleges were sustained by his automobile which was in collision on the morning of April 3, 1948, with an automobile owned by Sidney R. Gage and operated by Louis J. Gage. He sought a recovery against both in solido. Certain exceptions filed by Sidney R. Gage were maintained, and he was eliminated from the suit. As to Louis J. Gage, who will sometimes be referred to hereinafter as the defendant, the case was decided on its merits and there was judgment in his favor dismissing plaintiff's suit. Plaintiff has appealed from that part of the judgment dismissing his suit against Louis J. Gage.
The accident happened at the intersection of South Claiborne and Napoleon Avenues. South Claiborne is an extremely wide boulevard running from Canal Street to the upper line of the city, and intersects Napoleon Avenue, which runs from the river in the direction of the lake, at right angles. Each of these boulevards possesses two lanes for vehicular traffic separated by a wide neutral ground, upon which are located streetcar tracks.
Schindler, the plaintiff, was driving down South Claiborne Avenue, and in attempting to cross the intersection formed by the traffic lane in which his automobile was traveling and the traffic lane on Napoleon Avenue used by traffic traveling toward the river, in which was located the Gage automobile, the cars came into collision. The front part of the Schindler automobile hit the right side of defendant's automobile toward the rear. Several acts of negligence are ascribed to defendant, and particularly the charge is made that he failed to keep a proper lookout ahead, and entered the intersection on a red light. The answer filed by Gage denies negligence on his part.
Schindler, the sole witness on his side of the case, states that he proceeded down Claiborne Avenue at about 20 miles an hour, and upon reaching a point about one block from Napoleon Avenue he noticed the signal light was showing green, but as he approached the intersection the light turned red. About 50 feet from the intersection, he applied his brakes to slow down, and it was then, according to Schindler, that the light turned amber. He states that he continued onward, and that when his *216 automobile was about 20 or 25 feet from the intersection the light signal turned to green, and as he proceeded to cross the intersection formed by the two traffic lanes, and was about 15 feet out into Napoleon Avenue, the crash took place.
Defendant, who was traveling toward the river, entered South Claiborne Avenue on a green light, and when he was somewhere in the intersection the light changed. Defendant and his passenger, one Wahden, are sure that the light turned amber when the Gage automobile was on the downtown-bound track on which a streetcar was standing, and that Gage continued to cross the intersection on the yellow light.
Schindler is sure that he did not enter the intersection until the light changed to green, and that the Gage car was running across the intersection on a red light.
Counsel for plaintiff endeavored to impeach defendant's statement that he was upon the downtown-bound streetcar track when the light turned amber, by confronting him with a statement made about two weeks after the accident to an insurance adjuster, in which Gage stated that when he was "about 25 feet from the street, on the river side, the light changed to yellow." Counsel argue that this statement reflects that Gage was about 25 feet from the roadway in which the collision occurred when the light changed, which allowed him ample time and distance to stop before reaching the intersection. We are unable to give Gage's statement the interpretation which counsel would attribute to it. At best the written statement is vague, and it seems that it could well mean that Gage was 25 feet away from the river side curb of the downtown roadway. At any rate, Gage's testimony that he was upon the downtown-bound streetcar track when the light turned to amber is fully corroborated by the testimony of Wahden, his passenger, and there being no countervailing evidence we can but accept the testimony of the two as being the truth.
Schindler states emphatically that he was traveling close to the neutral ground. He is stoutly contradicted by Gage and Wahden, who say that while Schindler was traveling close to the neutral ground, upon reaching a number of cars which were standing alongside the neutral ground waiting for the light to change to green in their favor, Schindler swerved to the right of this line of cars and heedlessly dashed into the intersection, striking the Gage car. Some argument was made as to whether the occupants of the Gage car were able to see up South Claiborne Avenue because of the stopped streetcar, but we think Wahden explained the matter satisfactorily by stating that eight or nine automobiles were in line and that the last of these automobiles was far enough behind the streetcar to permit him to see the Schindler car swerving from behind the line into about the middle of the traffic lane.
We do not think that the plaintiff has successfully borne the burden of proving that Gage was negligent. The testimony of the latter and his passenger preponderates that of plaintiff, and we are convinced that the light turned amber just as Gage was on the downtown-bound streetcar track, which was but a few feet from the intersection, and there should have been no cause for alarm on Gage's part. There certainly was nothing to lead him to believe it was not safe to continue over the intersection, in view of the fact that he was still traveling on a yellow light. It cannot be said that he should have anticipated the action of Schindler.
We feel sure that the plaintiff entered the intersection just before or at the moment that the light changed to green in his favor. His own testimony points to this as being the truth of the matter. Schindler says that while he traveled a block the light changed from green to amber then to red, then back to amber then to green again, before he reached the intersection. There can be no doubt that plaintiff was moving slowly along waiting for the light to change to green in his favor, and that he dashed into the intersection just about the time, or a little before, the light showed green.
This case is dissimilar to Lewis v. Groetsch, La.App., 32 So.2d 396, which plaintiff cites. Plaintiff was allowed to recover there, but he was half a block from the intersection when the light turned to *217 green, and we found that he was entitled to assume that before he reached the intersection there had elapsed sufficient time to allow a complete crossing of the intersection by traffic which had been caught therein by a changing light. In the Groetsch case, just as here, a streetcar was at the corner and interfered with the plaintiff's view.
In the present case, even assuming that Schindler's testimony is correct, that he entered the intersection on a green light in his favor, it is patent that he did not allow sufficient time for traffic crossing his path to clear the intersection. This he should have done.
This case involves conflicting testimony, and the lower court resolved the factual situation in defendant's favor. We agree that the conclusion of the trial judge was correctat least we find no manifest error in the judgment, and therefore
The judgment appealed from is affirmed.
Affirmed.
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Kate Middleton Reiss Cream Dress From Engagement Photos
>> Clarence House
has confirmed: Kate Middleton's wedding dress is designed by Sarah Burton by Alexander McQueen. The dress, with its long lace sleeves, sweetheart neckline, and full skirt and train, is earning comparisons to Grace Kelly's wedding dress.
Burton was spotted helping...
That Kate Middleton Reiss dress is on sale NOW! I doubt this one will last for long, but for all of you who have been dying to get your hands on that Kate Middleton Reiss dress , the wait is over! The white front ruffle 'Nanette' dress is now available to buy at £159, ranging from sizes 4 to...
Ever since the Royal Engagament was announced Kate Middleton mania is now in full swing. WWD invited designers to sketch their interpretation of Kate Middleton's wedding dress. Karl Lagerfeld, Christian Lacroix, Valentino and Gucci. However the front runner for designing the gown is still...
uk Kate Middleton going away dress fashion verdict: Duchess of Cambridge looks ... Mirror.co.uk After the pomp and grandeur of yesterday's royal wedding Kate Middleton and husband Prince William looked relaxed this morning as they strolled hand-in-hand in the Buckingham Palace grounds. ......
and all eyes will be on the dress. Who will design Kate Middleton's wedding dress when she walks down the aisle to marry Prince William next year? While British gamblers are betting on Bruce Oldfield ... WWD asked 29 different designers from Karl Lagerfeld to Vera Wang to sketch their ideas...
The Happy Couple
Who will design Kate Middleton's wedding dress? That's got to be one of the most recurring questions asked ever since we heard news of the Prince and his long term girlfriend's engagement.
In just 11 days, all speculation had will finally be answered, as Prince William and...
Photo courtesy of Times Fashion
We've finally took a glimpse of ! There had been much speculation about the dress since the royal couple announced their engagement, and now we can all savor the gorgeous details.
Kate Middleton's wedding dress is Sarah Burton for Alexander Mcqueen. Her look...
Here is the first look at Kate Middleton's wedding dress she wore at her Royal Wedding. Over 2 billion people watched Kate come out of the Queen's vintage Rolls Royce, wearing an Alexander McQueen gown. The guessing of what the future queen will wear and who the designer will be for the...
It seems we're constantly inundated with rumours as to who Kate Middleton's wedding dress designer may or may not be, but American fashion designer Jason Wuhas veered off the gossiping track and decided to offer the royal designer some wise words of wisdom instead– whoever they may be.
Wu...
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Classical track for solo piano, dreamy and romantic, full of sweetness and inspiration. Because of its accentuated melodic character it can be used for any project, in the background or even for presentations, advertisements and films.
"This tech synth-pop-techno track has a steady rhythm and a fast suspenseful bassline. It is a bit dark, serious, ambient and has a modern electronic sound. It features a good beat with fast percussion and airy synth instruments. Perfect for corporate and technological videos, presenting industry processes, new technology, professional displays, futuristic presentations and also urban lifestyle videos or tv shows. The music can stand well on its own supporting the video yet also leaves enough space for sound effects and voice over. Easy to loop and edit.
Corporate music track with catchy marimba beat and dreamy electric guitar melody. Works great for corporate presentation, everyday life, day by day routine, urban story, a day after work, and various kinds of videos on your choice.
Reflective, smooth and modern chillout track with urban vibes. Featuring digital synths and electric guitar. Creates a perfect atmosphere and mood for a late night walk, dark smoky room, luxury retail, life without worries and cares, etc.
A strange, dark and unique piano piece. Perfect choice if you need to create an ominous atmosphere with some menacing feeling, that would work well in a psychological thriller, mystery films like "Twin Peaks" and contemporary art projects.
Piano, harpsichord and subtle percussion play dark, suggested to provide a haunting underscore to formal theatrical scenes, as well as background atmosphere for scary film sequences, commercials, slideshows, video games and multimedia. Key of G minor, 122 bpm
An inspirational cinematic background which starts with solo cello and evolves into an emotionally triumphant piece with a full string ensemble and a driving baseline, which gives it a feeling of momentum.
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1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to gloves for the human hand which are worn when playing sports such as baseball, softball, or working and the like. In one aspect, this invention relates to a batting glove specifically designed to improve grip, comfort, protection, and performance of a wearer. However, this invention has broader implications and may be advantageously employed in other applications requiring protection of the hands. More particularly, this invention relates to a work glove which includes padding in selected areas to provide protection of the hand during use by the wearer.
2. Description of Related Art
Glove construction for protection of the human hand is well known. In addition, there are a number of patents which teach gloves claimed to be particularly useful as batting gloves. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,175,226 teaches a dress glove construction which completely covers the fingers and which includes resiliently expandable materials in selected areas to accommodate hands of different sizes. In contrast, U.S. Pat. No. 4,561,122 teaches a protective glove which has a wrap around construction for a protective glove which leaves the thumb and fingers ends exposed. U.S. Pat. No. 5,345,609 teaches a protective glove which includes shock absorbing cells disposed at selected portions along the top of the glove. U.S. Pat. No. 5,790,980 teaches a hand glove with a polyurethane foam pad in the palm portion of the glove. Other references attempt to provide a sport glove for supporting and stabilizing the wrist and hand. Current gloves protect the bony prominence areas of the hand. Although hand protection from direct shocks and abrasions is found in gloves of the current art, what is needed is a batting glove which provides improved grip, comfort and performance by unloading bony prominences, unloading pulleys and tendons, and improving finger and knuckle motion of the hand of a wearer by providing preselected thicknesses of preselected materials specifically chosen to protect the wearer from injury from distributed shocks in hitting a ball with a bat, and the attendant risk of long-term injury to the aforementioned bones, ligaments, pulleys, tendons, etc., by repetitive swinging of bats and hitting of balls.
Also, hockey goaltender's blocker gloves for use, particularly in ice hockey and other sports which require the player to protect his arm from high flying objects, such as pucks or the like are well known. These blocker gloves are provided on the back or dorsal side of the hand with a blocker pad, usually of substantially rectangular shape which extends longitudinally of the glove covering the back of the hand as well as the forearm. These blocker pads are designed to control the reflective direction of a hockey puck which is directed towards the goal wherein the goaltender prevents the puck from entering the goal. The blocker pad generally has a thick leather skin at the facing thereof and has thereunder a plurality of layers of padding material. On the palmar side of the blocker glove is a stick glove portion designed to receive the thumb and fingers of the hand and to grip a hockey stick. However, there have been problems in the design of the palmar side of the blocker glove in providing protection against “stingers” and yet maintain flexibility of the fingers and rotational movement of the joints.
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A Disturbance In The Force
{I originally posted this essay the day after the Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre. Today, I post it in response to the senseless carnage from Lost Vegas. Tomorrow, there’ll be yet another reason. It seems that we are a nation of heavy sleepers.}
“I felt a great disturbance in The Force, as if millions of voices suddenly cried out in terror and were suddenly silenced. I fear something terrible has happened.” Obi-Wan Kenobi, STAR WARS
This time it’s 20 small children and eight adults – including the 20-year-old killer and his own mother.
We Americans, who are by now inured to living with these types of pernicious massacres, found ourselves collectively disturbed at the soul level by the news coming from Sandy Hook Elementary School last Friday.
I wonder: Can we stop right here and learn, finally, from one more vile tragedy? Might we declare, as a nation, that this will be the last time that all of us will ever have to endure the trauma that has forever imprinted the residents and the town of Newtown, Connecticut? Or, will we just keep going? Think about it: What’s the next logical progression in this mutant scale of homicidal devolution? The killing of Babies? Pregnant women?
I believe that The Universe, our Creator, The Force, The Great Spirit, God, Buddha, Allah, The Alpha, The Omega or Nothing-whatever you choose to call the energy that enlivens every sentient being on this planet – provides us with opportunities to evolve at the soul level; then, hopefully, by awakening to our potential for good, we can be of useful service to each other while we’re alive.
I imagine that these 28 souls came together last Friday, under contract to us all, as a nation, and sacrificed their lives in order to wake us up, once and for all, and to say that enough is finally enough.
The United States of America is the most violent nation in the world. This is fact. Our ubiquitous crime and violence, along with the insatiable desire of far too many for more and more weaponry, are only symptoms of our greater societal disease. We are a nation of abject individualists; we are self-centered, instead of other-centered, or collectively-centered. Too many of us suffer from feeling “less than” if we don’t turn out to be “successful” or “famous” or “rich”. Our focus is outward, instead of inward. And it’s destroying us. Individually. And collectively.
We feel profound futility around this pointless annihilation of human life, which seems to be occurring now in stepped-up succession. We ask ourselves, “What can we do about it?”
Here’s a suggestion for something we can all start doing right now- as individuals: start paying attention to the people around you, whether or not you live with them; whether or not you like them; whether or not you agree with their politics or like the color of their skin; whether or not you think you have anything in common with them. There’s something magical and wonderful about noticing people and paying attention to them; for the recipient, it tends to feel a lot like love. I have yet to meet a person who doesn’t respond to love.
There was a disturbance in The Force of 20 year-old Adam Lanza. Someone must have known about it. Maybe even lots of people knew about it. I’ll bet that Adam Lanza felt unheard, unseen, unloved, unimportant. But he sure did get our attention in the end, didn’t he? Why didn’t he get our attention along the way? Was his heinous crime inevitable or was it preventable? Now, we’ll never know. Human beings – left unattended, feeling unloved, unnoticed, alienated, lonely and abused for too long, can easily gravitate towards mutant behavior in order to feel “seen” or indeed, just alive.
We live amongst countless “disturbed” people. They are everywhere. And, they are not just the diagnosed or the undiagnosed mentally ill, or the obvious homeless people living on our streets. They are also our overworked single parents; our burned- out workers of the helping professions; our damaged war veterans; our neigbors who have lost their jobs; those who have lost their health; they are our abused and neglected children who grow up to be adults with no life skills and coping mechanisms. They are you. And they are me. They are all of us. And it’s each of our jobs to start paying closer attention, both to ourselves and to others.
We spend our lives engaged largely in meaningless activity and constant running around, “doing”, as if everything is so damned important. What if we started to think that paying attention to others is as important as all the other things we do on a daily basis? Maybe even more important.
When we take note of our own suffering and allow ourselves to feel it, it allows us to take note of the suffering of others. Each time we do this, we build on our collective force which binds us together on a basic, human level.
Reaching out to other people is easy. Express concern when your family member, friend or co-worker seems troubled and offer an open ear. You don’t have to “fix” anything; just listen. So many people have no one to talk to; no one to listen to them. Look the homeless person in the eye and say hello. One day, that might be you. Drop by the home of your elderly neighbor whose children live out of town. If you suspect that a child is being abused, take action to protect that child.
Something in every American was shot dead last Friday, not just the 28 victims of the Newtown, Connecticut tragedy. And, if we are to honor these 20 children and the eight adults – including the killer – we have to resurrect that part of ourselves that no longer accepts violence as an acceptable part of our culture. This includes the violence of misogyny, racism, homophobia, child abuse; allowing our mentally ill to live and die on our streets; cutting people off in traffic; and, just plain bad manners. All of these, we’ve come to accept as normal. We have to become kinder people and learn to reach out to each other, even if it’s inconvenient or feels uncomfortable.
Try approaching with an open and understanding heart someone whom you might normally judge. “Seek to understand instead of to be understood,” taught St. Francis of Assisi. Just look. And see. And respond in some small way. Paying attention doesn’t require that much energy. And it costs nothing.
How many of us feel invisible, unheard, unnoticed, unimportant, unloved?
The truth is that there is not a single soul amongst us who is not suffering on some level. No one. Our shared suffering can make our collective human experience feel worthwhile; it allows us to connect with each other and to practice loving-kindness, for ourselves and for each other.
This is how we begin to heal ourselves and ultimately, our systemic societal disease, which has reached a terminal status. And, if, as a nation, we don’t respond to the slaughter of our own children, then, truly, who are we as the people of that nation?
Yes, there is a terrible disturbance in The Force. And it’s up to each one of us to do something about it.
Comments
You first posted this essay nearly five years ago. Thank you for posting it again today. I’d like to think that more and more people in the U.S. and elsewhere are heeding its message. Whether that is or is not the case, the violence about which you write has worsened in the last five years. Please post this essay on a regular basis, with whatever modifications you deem appropriate: receiving, remembering and heeding its message is critically important to the survival of us all.
|
Add pthred_getattr_np / phread_attr_getstrack alternatives for uClibc
Based on https://dev.openwrt.org/log/packages/Xorg/lib/qt4/patches/100-fix-webkit-for-uclibc.patch?rev=20371
Signed-off-by: Johan Sagaert <sagaert.johan@skynet.be>
---
src/3rdparty/javascriptcore/JavaScriptCore/runtime/Collector.cpp | 61 ++++++++++
1 file changed, 61 insertions(+)
Index: qt-everywhere-opensource-src-4.8.1/src/3rdparty/javascriptcore/JavaScriptCore/runtime/Collector.cpp
===================================================================
--- qt-everywhere-opensource-src-4.8.1.orig/src/3rdparty/javascriptcore/JavaScriptCore/runtime/Collector.cpp
+++ qt-everywhere-opensource-src-4.8.1/src/3rdparty/javascriptcore/JavaScriptCore/runtime/Collector.cpp
@@ -70,6 +70,23 @@
#endif
#include <unistd.h>
+#if defined(QT_LINUXBASE)
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__UCLIBC__)
+// versions of uClibc 0.9.32 and below with linuxthreads.old do not have
+// pthread_getattr_np or pthread_attr_getstack.
+#if __UCLIBC_MAJOR__ == 0 && \
+ (__UCLIBC_MINOR__ < 9 || \
+ (__UCLIBC_MINOR__ == 9 && __UCLIBC_SUBLEVEL__ <= 32)) && \
+ defined(__LINUXTHREADS_OLD__)
+#define UCLIBC_USE_PROC_SELF_MAPS 1
+#include <stdio_ext.h>
+extern int *__libc_stack_end;
+#endif
+#endif
+
#if OS(SOLARIS)
#include <thread.h>
#else
@@ -648,6 +665,37 @@
get_thread_info(find_thread(NULL), &threadInfo);
return threadInfo.stack_end;
#elif OS(UNIX)
+#ifdef UCLIBC_USE_PROC_SELF_MAPS
+ // Read /proc/self/maps and locate the line whose address
+ // range contains __libc_stack_end.
+ FILE *file = fopen("/proc/self/maps", "r");
+ if (!file)
+ return 0;
+ __fsetlocking(file, FSETLOCKING_BYCALLER);
+ char *line = NULL;
+ size_t lineLen = 0;
+ while (!feof_unlocked(file)) {
+ if (getdelim(&line, &lineLen, '\n', file) <= 0)
+ break;
+
+ long from;
+ long to;
+ if (sscanf (line, "%lx-%lx", &from, &to) != 2)
+ continue;
+ if (from <= (long)__libc_stack_end && (long)__libc_stack_end < to) {
+ fclose(file);
+ free(line);
+#ifdef _STACK_GROWS_UP
+ return (void *)from;
+#else
+ return (void *)to;
+#endif
+ }
+ }
+ fclose(file);
+ free(line);
+ return 0;
+#else
AtomicallyInitializedStatic(Mutex&, mutex = *new Mutex);
MutexLocker locker(mutex);
static void* stackBase = 0;
@@ -655,11 +703,23 @@
static pthread_t stackThread;
pthread_t thread = pthread_self();
if (stackBase == 0 || thread != stackThread) {
+
+#if defined(QT_LINUXBASE)
+ // LinuxBase is missing pthread_getattr_np - resolve it once at runtime instead
+ // see http://bugs.linuxbase.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2364
+ typedef int (*GetAttrPtr)(pthread_t, pthread_attr_t *);
+ static int (*pthread_getattr_np_ptr)(pthread_t, pthread_attr_t *) = 0;
+ if (!pthread_getattr_np_ptr)
+ *(void **)&pthread_getattr_np_ptr = dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "pthread_getattr_np");
+#endif
pthread_attr_t sattr;
pthread_attr_init(&sattr);
#if HAVE(PTHREAD_NP_H) || OS(NETBSD)
// e.g. on FreeBSD 5.4, neundorf@kde.org
pthread_attr_get_np(thread, &sattr);
+#elif defined(QT_LINUXBASE)
+ if (pthread_getattr_np_ptr)
+ pthread_getattr_np_ptr(thread, &sattr);
#else
// FIXME: this function is non-portable; other POSIX systems may have different np alternatives
pthread_getattr_np(thread, &sattr);
@@ -671,6 +731,7 @@
stackThread = thread;
}
return static_cast<char*>(stackBase) + stackSize;
+#endif
#else
#error Need a way to get the stack base on this platform
#endif
|
[Disabling malformations in Chile. Latin American Cooperative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), 1982-1997].
The ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas) is an epidemiological surveillance program for congenital defects that operates in Chile since 1969. To communicate the frequency of disabling congenital defects in Chile in the period 1982-1997. A review of the ECLAMC registry, choosing 12 congenital defects: amelia, limb amputations, limb reductions, arthrogryposis, hip luxation and subluxation, spina bifida, hydrocephaly, microcephaly, cephalocele, talipes equinovarus, Down syndrome and multiple abnormalities. In the study period, 283,403 births occurred and 7,917 newborns were malformed (7,654 born alive and 263 stillbirths). The congenital defects prevalence rates appeared higher in Chile than in other Latin American countries, specially among stillbirths. Among the studied maternity hospitals, the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile, showed the higher prevalence of congenital defects. Rancagua and the Navy Hospital in Valparaiso have a high frequency of Down syndrome. Global rates in Chile and in the rest of ECLAMC for specific defects, do not have significant differences, except for hip subluxation, that has a lower incidence in Chile. The ECLAMC allows to have a good knowledge of the prevalence of congenital malformations in Latin America.
|
Development of thoracic injury risk functions for the THOR ATD.
The Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test device (ATD) aims to improve the ability to predict the risk of chest injury to restrained automobile occupants by measuring dynamic chest deflection at multiple locations. This research aimed to describe the methods for developing a thoracic injury risk function (IRF) using the multi-point chest deflection metrics from the 50th percentile male THOR Metric ATD with the SD-3 shoulder and associating to post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) outcomes that were matched on identical frontal and frontal-oblique impact sled testing conditions. Several deflection metrics were assessed as potential predictor variables for AIS 3+ injury risk, including a combined metric, called PC Score, which was generated from a principal component analysis. A parametric survival analysis (specifically, accelerated failure time (AFT) with Weibull distribution) was assessed in the development of the IRF. Model fit was assessed using various modeling diagnostics, including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Models based on resultant deflection consistently exhibited improved fit compared to models based on x-axis deflection or chord deflection. Risk functions for the THOR PC Score and Cmax (maximum resultant deflection) were qualitatively equivalent, producing AUCs of 0.857 and 0.861, respectively. Adjusting for the potential confounding effects of age, AFT survival models with Cmax or PC Score as the primary deflection metric resulted in the THOR injury risk models with the best combination of biomechanical appropriateness, potential utility and model fit, and may be recommended as injury predictors.
|
All relevant data are within the paper.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the antigen combination for the seasonal influenza vaccines in the northern hemisphere annually every February. In the 2012/13 season, the trivalent vaccines contained the following strains: an A/California/7/2009(H1N1)-like strain, an A/Victoria/361/2011(H3N2)-like strain and a B/Wisconsin/1/2010-like strain (Yamagata-line) \[[@pone.0122910.ref001]\]. Because of the continuous variation of influenza viruses, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of influenza vaccines seasonally. Additionally to the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (TIV), a nasal, trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has been used in the U.S. under the name FluMist since 2003; this was later approved in Canada and the European Union \[[@pone.0122910.ref002],[@pone.0122910.ref003]\]. Various randomized trials estimated a better efficacy of LAIV compared to TIV and a good toleration of LAIV in children \[[@pone.0122910.ref002]--[@pone.0122910.ref008]\].
In Germany, influenza vaccination is, as all other vaccinations, voluntary, but the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) recommends annual influenza vaccination for certain target groups \[[@pone.0122910.ref009]\]. Healthy children and adolescents do not belong to a target group, however if they want to be protected they need to be vaccinated. According to a study of Böhmer et al. \[[@pone.0122910.ref010]\], influenza vaccination coverage among people who did not belong to a STIKO-targeted group was 15% in 2010/11. Since the influenza season 2012/13, a LAIV (trade name Fluenz has been available in addition to TIV. Fluenz is approved for children aged 2 to 17 years. The STIKO recently adapted its recommendation for influenza vaccination: children and adolescents aged 2 to 17 years may be vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine or with a LAIV, unless there are contraindications. In children aged 2 to 6 years, LAIV should be used preferentially \[[@pone.0122910.ref011]\].
Since 2007, the German federal state of Saxony-Anhalt has an established virological surveillance system for monitoring of influenza and other respiratory viruses and to produce estimation of influenza vaccine effectiveness. Ten percent of the population of Saxony-Anhalt lives in the district of the capital Magdeburg (200 thousand of 2 million people). The virological data are regularly sent to the national influenza surveillance at the Robert Koch-Institute (RKI) and contribute to the Influenza Monitoring Vaccine Effectiveness (I-MOVE) network. I-MOVE measures influenza VE conducting multi-centre studies including data of all member states of their European network. To our knowledge, I-Move did not estimate influenza VE stratified by vaccine type (LAIV and TIV) for the season 2012/13 (E. Kissling personal communication).
The aims of our study were to describe the circulation of respiratory viruses and to determine the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of LAIV and non-adjuvant TIV against laboratory-confirmed influenza illness in children and adolescents during the season 2012/13 in Saxony-Anhalt. Here, we provide VE estimates based on data collected by our protocol used in Saxony-Anhalt exclusively (one-centre study).
Materials and Methods {#sec002}
=====================
Ethics statement {#sec003}
----------------
Paediatricians obtained informed verbal consent from the next of kin, caretakers, or guardians on behalf of the minors/children enrolled in the surveillance. Informed consent was documented with the signature of the paediatrician on the surveillance questionnaire.
Since patients would have been swabbed for routine diagnostic purposes as well, no additional risks were presented requiring written consent of the patient. Therefore, written consent of the patient was not obtained. This consent procedure was approved by the responsible ethics committee in Saxony-Anhalt.
Data sources {#sec004}
------------
### Sampling and description of study population {#sec005}
We used data between calendar weeks (CW) 40 in 2012 to CW 19 in 2013. Participating paediatricians in primary care in Saxony-Anhalt systematically swabbed the throat or nasopharynx of patients presented with acute respiratory illness (ARI) according to predetermined selection criteria. ARI patients were swabbed when a confirmation that the disease was caused viral, was significant for further treatment. The number of patients who refused to be swabbed was not documented. We defined ARI patients as patients with an acute onset of medically-confirmed respiratory symptoms. A patient was classified as vaccinated if they had had at least one dose of seasonal influenza vaccine. The sentinel paediatricians completed a standardised questionnaire collecting demographic, clinical and specimen information at the time of swabbing by interviewing patients or their parents. Clinical information was supplemented by the paediatrician and derived from patient records and vaccination cards. A routine courier transported specimens and questionnaires to our laboratory (usually on the day of swabbing).
### Virological investigation {#sec006}
Our laboratory analysed specimens by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We performed automated viral nucleic acid extraction using Invisorb Virus RNA HTS 96 Kit (STRATEC molecular, Germany) on CAS-1820 (Corbett Life Science). We performed reverse transcription PCR assays for the detection of influenza A and B viruses for each specimen \[[@pone.0122910.ref012],[@pone.0122910.ref013]\]. In case of initial positive influenza virus A results, we performed further subtyping for A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 using confirmatory reverse transcription PCR assays \[[@pone.0122910.ref014],[@pone.0122910.ref015]\]. For each influenza-negative specimen, we performed adenovirus PCR \[[@pone.0122910.ref016]\], respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) reverse transcription PCR \[[@pone.0122910.ref017],[@pone.0122910.ref018]\], human metapneumovirus (HMPV) \[[@pone.0122910.ref019],[@pone.0122910.ref020]\], rhinovirus PCR \[[@pone.0122910.ref021]\]) and enterovirus reverse transcription PCR \[[@pone.0122910.ref022],[@pone.0122910.ref023]\]. We adapted all PCR assays to our own laboratory conditions using Real Time Cycler Rotor-Gene 3000 or 6000 (Corbett Life Science) and automated liquid handling on CAS-1200 (Corbett Life Science). In addition, we inoculated all specimens on Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells for influenza virus isolation. To compare the circulating virus strains with the components contained in the influenza vaccines, we sent selected isolates to the National Reference Center (NRC) for influenza in Berlin for further characterization.
Analytical study {#sec007}
----------------
### Study population {#sec008}
We included ARI patients aged 2 to 17 years in our analysis. We excluded data from patients under 2 and over 17 years in order to ensure the comparability of our data with the age group for whom LAIV is approved in Germany. Patients with respiratory symptoms but no acute onset of illness did not meet the ARI definition. We excluded data from patients from our analysis when 1) respiratory illness had no acute onset; 2) vaccination status was unknown (for LAIV and TIV vaccine effectiveness estimation also when the name of the vaccine was unknown); 3) documented vaccination was within 14 days before disease onset; 4) it was known that sampling was performed more than 8 days after disease onset. We defined the month of swabbing as month of illness if the date of onset of illness was missing.
### Study design {#sec009}
We conducted a test-negative case-control study, comparing laboratory-confirmed influenza cases with influenza-negative controls in accordance to the ECDC Protocol \[[@pone.0122910.ref024]--[@pone.0122910.ref026]\]. We defined a case of influenza as a medically attended ARI patient whose swab tested positive for influenza virus A or B by PCR or virus isolation in our laboratory. Controls were classified as medically-attended ARI patients with swabs testing negative for influenza virus.
### Vaccine effectiveness {#sec010}
We estimated VE as (1-odds ratio (OR)) x 100%. We calculated the effectiveness of any seasonal vaccination (all vaccines) and of LAIV and TIV in children aged 2 to 17 years and stratified by age groups (2--6, 7--17 years). We used multivariable logistic regression to adjust VE estimates for age group, sex and month of illness.
Different characteristics of cases and controls were analysed using chi-square test and, for continuous variables, using median test.
Results {#sec011}
=======
Data sources {#sec012}
------------
### Sampling and description of study population {#sec013}
Fifteen paediatric practices with 17 paediatricians in 7 districts, representing 9.4% of the paediatricians in Saxony-Anhalt participated in our study. In 1280 (98%) of 1,307 samples, information was completed on age (mean: 6.3 years). Among patients with adequate information, 53% were male, 94% with acute onset of illness and 9.4% were vaccinated ([Table 1](#pone.0122910.t001){ref-type="table"}).
10.1371/journal.pone.0122910.t001
###### Data characteristics of patients swabbed during the study period from week 40/2012 to 19/2013, Virological Surveillance, Saxony-Anhalt.
{#pone.0122910.t001g}
With information Among them with information
----------------------------- ------------------ ----------------------------- ------- -----
**Total number of samples** 1,307 100
**Male** 1,294 99 684 53
**Acute onset of illness** 1,261 96 1,182 94
**Vaccinated** 1,202 92 113 9.4
### Virological investigation {#sec014}
The first specimens were tested influenza-positive in CW 48 in 2012. The percentage of influenza---positive specimens reached its peak at 5th until 9th CW 2013 (up to 56%) and decreased until CW 19. Out of 1,307 sentinel specimens 458 (35%) were positive for influenza viruses and 189 (15%) for at least one of the tested non-influenza viruses ([Table 2](#pone.0122910.t002){ref-type="table"}). The percentage of RSV-positive specimens was 8%, of adenovirus-positive specimens 3.1%, of HMPV-positive specimens 1.3%, of rhinovirus-positive specimens 1.1% and of enterovirus-positive specimens 0.92%.
10.1371/journal.pone.0122910.t002
###### Laboratory results from specimens of patients swabbed during the study period from week 40/2012 to 19/2013, Virological Surveillance, Saxony-Anhalt.
{#pone.0122910.t002g}
n \%
----------------------------------------------- ------ -----
**Number of specimens** 1307 100
**Total number positive** 647 50
**Influenza virus** 458 35
A(H1N1)pdm09 98 7.5
A(H3N2) 148 11
Influenza B 212 16
**RSV** [\*](#t002fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} 105 8.0
**hMPV\*** 17 1.3
**Adeno** 40 3.1
**Picornavirus** 27 2.1
Enterovirus 12 0.9
Rhinovirus 15 1.1
\*RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), HMPV (human metapneumovirus)
Among 458 influenza virus-positive specimens, influenza B viruses dominated in 212 (46%) of the samples. Seasonal influenza A(H3N2) viruses and pandemic influenza A viruses were detected in 148 (32%) and in 98 (21%) respectively of influenza virus-positive specimens. From 53 selected influenza virus isolates characterized at the NRC, 24 (45%) tested positive for A/Victoria/361/2011(H3N2)-like, 19 (36%) for A/California/7/09-like, and 10 (19%) for B/Estonia/55669/2011-like (Yamagata-line) strains.
Out of 458 PCR-tested influenza virus-positive specimens, 306 (67%) were confirmed by culture: 78 (80%) of A(H1N1)pdm09, 142 (77%) of influenza virus B and 86 (58%) of A(H3N2). In few cases with PCR-negative and culture-positive results, repetition of PCR gained positive results too.
Analytical study {#sec015}
----------------
### Study population {#sec016}
Of 1,307 patients, 301 were aged younger than 2 years and 13 older than 17 years. For 4 patients, sampling was performed more than 8 days after disease onset. In 125 patient questionnaires, there was no evidence for acute symptom onset. In some patient questionnaires information was missing on vaccination status (n = 105), on age (n = 27) and on sex (n = 13). After excluding these data of 473 patients, 834 (64%) were included in our analytical study. Out of the 834 patients, 347 (42%) were laboratory-confirmed influenza cases. All influenza viruses were subtyped. Among 347 influenza viruses 174 (50%) were positive for influenza B viruses, 112 (32%) for A(H3N2) and 61 (18%) for A(H1N1)pdm09. Influenza cases (median age 7.3 years) were older than controls (5.6 years) (p\<0.005). The proportion of male patients was higher among cases (57%) than among controls (50%) (p = 0.031; [Table 3](#pone.0122910.t003){ref-type="table"}).
10.1371/journal.pone.0122910.t003
###### Characteristics of influenza cases and test-negative controls, Virological Surveillance, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany 2012/13.
{#pone.0122910.t003g}
Cases Controls
------------------------------------------------ ------- ---------- ------ ----- ----- ----- -------
**Male** 347 198 57 487 241 50 0.031
**Vaccinated** 347 33 9.5 487 63 13 0.126
**LAIV** [\*](#t003fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} 329 3 0.91 469 24 5.1 0.001
**TIV** [\*](#t003fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} 329 12 3.7 469 21 4.5 0.562
\*chi-squared test, LAIV (live attenuated influenza vaccine), TIV (trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine)
The proportion of patients who were vaccinated did not differ between cases (9.5%) and controls (13%) (p = 0.126). Information about the vaccine type, allowing stratification in LAIV and TIV, was available from 60 (62.5%) of 96 patients. Among these 60 patients, 33 (55%) were vaccinated with TIV and 27 (45%) with LAIV. Influvac (n = 18; Abbott Biol., NL), Afluria (n = 14; CSL Ltd., AU) and Begripal (n = 1; Novartis Vac., I) were used as TIV. There were 15 TIV-vaccinated cases (7x influenza B, 4x A(H3N2), 4x A(H1N1)pdm09) and 3 LAIV-vaccinated cases (1x A(H3N2), 2x A(H1N1)pdm09). The proportion of LAIV-vaccinated patients was smaller among cases (0.91%) than among controls (5.1%, p = 0.001). The proportion of patients vaccinated with TIV did not differ between cases (3.7%) and controls (4.5%) (p = 0.562).
### Vaccine effectiveness {#sec017}
Adjusted by age group, sex and month of illness, VE of any seasonal vaccine against laboratory-confirmed influenza was 38% (95% CI: 0.8--61%). Among 2--6 year-old and 7--17 year-old children, adjusted VE was 23% (95% CI: -55-62%) and 46% (95% CI: -1.1--72%) respectively ([Table 4](#pone.0122910.t004){ref-type="table"}).
10.1371/journal.pone.0122910.t004
###### Vaccine effectiveness of all seasonal vaccines against laboratory-confirmed influenza of all subtypes, stratified by age groups; Multivariable logistic regression, Virological Surveillance, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany 2012/13 (n = 834).
{#pone.0122910.t004g}
Age group (years) n VE (%) 95% CI p-value
------------------- ----- ------------------------------------------ ---------- ---------
**2--6** 454 23[^a^](#t004fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} -55-62 0.465
**7--17** 380 46[^a^](#t004fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} -1.1--72 0.054
**total** 834 38[^b^](#t004fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.8--61 0.046
^a^. VE (vaccine effectiveness) adjusted for month of illness, sex;
^b^. VE adjusted for month of illness, sex, age group
Among children aged 2 to 17 years, the adjusted VE of LAIV was 84% (95% CI: 45--95%), among 2--6 year-old children 90% (95% CI: 20--99%) and among 7--17 year-old children 74% (95% CI: -32-95%). TIV were not significantly effective ([Table 5](#pone.0122910.t005){ref-type="table"}).
10.1371/journal.pone.0122910.t005
###### Vaccine effectiveness of live (LAIV) and inactivated vaccines (TIV) against laboratory-confirmed influenza of all subtypes, stratified by age groups; Multivariable logistic regression, Virological Surveillance, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany 2012/13 (n = 798).
{#pone.0122910.t005g}
LAIV TIV
----------- ----- ------------------------------------------ -------- ------- ------------------------------------------ --------- -------
**2--6** 443 90[^a^](#t005fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} 20--99 0.030 21[^a^](#t005fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} -147-75 0.682
**7--17** 355 74[^a^](#t005fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} -32-95 0.106 45[^a^](#t005fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} -51-80 0.245
**total** 798 84[^b^](#t005fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} 45--95 0.004 37[^b^](#t005fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} -35-70 0.237
^a^. VE (vaccine effectiveness) adjusted for month of illness, sex;
^b^. VE adjusted for month of illness, sex, age group
Stratification by influenza virus subtypes did not show significant VE for any LAIV or TIV vaccine ([Table 6](#pone.0122910.t006){ref-type="table"}). A trend towards a higher adjusted VE of LAIV against A(H3N2) (84%, 95% CI: -27-98%) and influenza B (no vaccinated cases) was seen among children aged 2--17 years. Adjusted VE of LAIV against A(H1N1)pdm09 was 39% (95% CI: -176-87%). Adjusted VE of TIV was -25% (95% CI: -296-60%) against A(H1N1)pdm09, 63% (95% CI: -67-92%) against A(H3N2) and 39% (95% CI: -66-78%) against influenza B.
10.1371/journal.pone.0122910.t006
###### Vaccine effectiveness of live (LAIV) and inactivated vaccines (TIV) against laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and B; Multivariable logistic regression, Virological Surveillance, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany 2012/13, age group 2--17 years, (n = 798).
{#pone.0122910.t006g}
LAIV TIV
----------------- ------------------------------------------ --------- ------- ------------------------------------------- --------- -------
**A/H3N2** 84[^a^](#t006fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} -27-98 0.084 63[^a^](#t006fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} -67-92 0.197
**A/H1N1pdm09** 39[^a^](#t006fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} -176-87 0.518 -25[^a^](#t006fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} -296-60 0.699
**B** \- \- \- 39[^a^](#t006fn001){ref-type="table-fn"} -66-78 0.333
^a^. VE (vaccine effectiveness) adjusted for month of illness, sex, age group
Discussion {#sec018}
==========
Our surveillance data measured influenza virus circulation among children and adolescents in Saxony-Anhalt. Compared with our monitoring in previous seasons, the present data indicate a long duration and strong influenza activity of the influenza wave in 2012/13. Among children, influenza B predominated, while A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 co-circulated. All characterized influenza viruses were well-matched to the trivalent influenza vaccine strains \[[@pone.0122910.ref027],[@pone.0122910.ref028]\]. The detected non-influenza viruses causing ARI in children were RSV and, to a lower extent, adenoviruses, picornaviruses and HMPV.
Our estimates suggest a moderate effectiveness of overall seasonal vaccines against laboratory-confirmed influenza in children. Similar VE estimates against the circulating influenza virus subtypes in 2012/13 were also described by other studies in Europe \[[@pone.0122910.ref029],[@pone.0122910.ref030]\]. Distinguishing between LAIV and TIV, our results indicate a high effectiveness of LAIV especially among young children. This high effectiveness could not be achieved by the inactivated vaccines in our study. In fact, TIV tended to have a low effectiveness in preventing influenza among 2--6 year-old children and a moderate VE among 7--17 year-old children. Our results are in line with other studies determining a higher effectiveness of LAIV compared to TIV in children up to 6--7 years of age \[[@pone.0122910.ref002],[@pone.0122910.ref005]--[@pone.0122910.ref008]\]. For example, LAIV had a higher effect than TIV in preventing influenza caused by antigenically-matching viral strains in a phase III trial in children aged 6--59 months. Furthermore, open-label studies could show that LAIV was more effective at decreasing the incidence of culture-confirmed influenza illness in young children with recurrent respiratory tract illnesses and in children and adolescents with asthma. Recently, the STIKO recommendations in Germany were changed due to the mentioned and other studies \[[@pone.0122910.ref011]\]. The preferential use of LAIV is recommended for 2--6 year-old children, but not for older children. Our estimates in 7--17 year-old children indicate a tendency to a better preventive effect of LAIV compared to TIV also in this age group. But we could only determine a non-significant VE of LAIV in older children; this could be due to the smaller sample size. Similar results showing non-significant VE of LAIV in older children were also found in other studies \[[@pone.0122910.ref005], [@pone.0122910.ref031],[@pone.0122910.ref032]\]. However, it has been also shown that LAIV had a significantly greater relative efficacy compared with TIV in 2--17 as well as 6--17 year-old children \[[@pone.0122910.ref004],[@pone.0122910.ref032]\]. LAIV was well tolerated by 6--17 year-old children with asthma \[[@pone.0122910.ref032]\]. Altogether, literature indicates that LAIV is more effective than TIV among 2--17 year-old children (even with mild to moderate asthma), but this advantage is not seen in adults \[[@pone.0122910.ref002]--[@pone.0122910.ref004],[@pone.0122910.ref032],[@pone.0122910.ref033]\].
A recent simulation study suggested that vaccinating children 2--17 years of age with LAIV is likely associated with a significant reduction in the burden of paediatric influenza in Germany \[[@pone.0122910.ref034]\]. The authors conclude that annual routine childhood vaccination against seasonal influenza is expected to decrease the incidence of influenza among adults and older people due to indirect effects of herd protection.
Our study is limited by the small number of vaccinated cases, in particular of LAIV-vaccinated cases. When stratifying by influenza virus subtypes, the statistical power was insufficient to produce precise results. Furthermore, information on the date of vaccination was often missing, so that time since vaccination could not be included in our calculations. We could not take into account the number of vaccine doses or previous vaccinations. This may contribute to the low VE of TIV in our study. Studies involving seasonal inactivated influenza vaccines among young children have demonstrated that 2 vaccine doses provide better protection than 1 dose during the first season a child is vaccinated \[[@pone.0122910.ref035]\]. Further studies found that VE is lower among children aged \<5 years who have never received influenza vaccine previously or who received only 1 dose in their first year of vaccination \[[@pone.0122910.ref036]--[@pone.0122910.ref038]\]. Similar to TIV, a second dose of LAIV is recommended for immunization of vaccine-naive children. However, a clinical trial showed that the efficacy of LAIV after 1 dose was only slightly lower in comparison to 2 doses \[[@pone.0122910.ref039]\]. A query to chronic underlying diseases was integrated in February 2013 and could not be included in the present study.
Our study was based on a standardized protocol; only data from our surveillance system were included in the analysis. A further strength is that the study's outcomes were based on sensitive PCR protocols, rather than on culture or respiratory symptoms.
Conclusions {#sec019}
===========
In summary, our observational study during the first season LAIV was available in Germany suggests that, compared to TIV, LAIV was more effective in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza, especially among young children. Based on these results, we recommend the use of LAIV for healthy children, for whom LAIV is approved. In addition, we provide evidence for the preferential use of LAIV in 2--6 year-old children as recommended by the STIKO. Further studies are necessary to evaluate our results in coming seasons. We need more data to clarify, if the recommendation should be expanded to include 7--17 year-old children as well.
A related article has been published previously:
Helmeke, Carina: Effektivität der Influenza-Impfung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Saison 2012/2013. Ärzteblatt Sachsen-Anhalt 25 (2014) Ausgabe 1/2, S. 78--80 <http://www.aerzteblatt-sachsen-anhalt.de/ausgabe/fachartikel/134-fachartikel-0102-2014/482-effektivitaet-der-influenza-impfung-bei-kindern-und-jugendlichen.html>
We are grateful to all who participated in our study. We thank the sentinel paediatricians and their staff: Dres. med Achtzehn, Wanzleben; Brandt, Oschersleben, Bretschneider, Weissenfels; Fischer, Gommern; Gosch, Schwitalla, Magdeburg; Grumpelt, Wernigerode, Heber, Stendal, Hennig, Burg; Niemeyer, Blankenburg; Polter, Magdeburg; Richter, Halberstadt; Schaulat, Magdeburg; Waldemeyer Hettstedt and two more practices. We thank Dr. Schweiger (NRC for influenza) and the Medical Laboratory Prof. Schenk/Dr. Ansorge and Colleagues in Magdeburg for cooperation as well as B. Glöckner, M. Janke, E. Krella and K. Schulze for technical support.
[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[^2]: Conceived and designed the experiments: CH HI HO CG. Performed the experiments: CH HI. Analyzed the data: CH LG. Wrote the paper: CH IK.
|
Road to Ballon d’Or 2012: Lionel Messi
2012 was a hugely successful year for Lionel Messi as his incredible feat of 91 goals in a calendar year shattered Gerd Muller’s previous record of 85 in 1972.
Messi’s performance has only been improving with time, and he never fails to astound his fans with his undisputed talent. The Argentine’s amazing skills simply cannot be put in words. Football fans need only watch him for 5 minutes to recognize he possesses remarkable talent on the pitch.
The way he controls the ball, dodges pressure from the opposition, and then elegantly shoots the ball at the net continue to draw people such as myself right back to him. Even without the ball, I find Messi very interesting to watch, and every footballer, playing either recreationally or proffessionally, can learn at least something from how he plays the game.
I know for a fact that I and the rest of the football world continue to find ourselves dumbfounded as a result of his performances. No one can rival his talent.
Messi is Undeniabely the Best Footballer in the World
And that is exactly why he won his 4th consecutive Ballon d’Or, yet another record set by the Argentine. Messi became the 2012 FIFA Player of the Year over rivals Cristiano Ronaldo and Barcelona teammate Andres Iniesta on Monday.
Barcelona have released a fascinating infographic of Messi’s unprecedented and record-setting 2012. Click on the image below to enlarge.
Messi clearly favored his left foot, but was almost equally as productive at home and away.
He scored the most goals against German side Bayern Leverkusen and La Liga squad Malaga, with a total of 6 versus each. Meanwhile, it didn’t come as a surprise that Iniesta made the assists for about 10% of Messi’s goals with Barcelona.
Here is what Gerd Muller said in response to Messi’s 91 goals:
“My record stood for 40 years – 85 goals in a year – and now the best player in the world has broken it, and I’m delighted for him. He is an incredible player, gigantic”
Messi had a great start to 2012, leading Barcelona to a 4-0 victory and scoring 2 times himself away against Osasuna on January 4th. By the end of the season, 25-year-old Messi recorded yet another 45 more goals for his club and country.
In March, Messi became the 1st player to score 5 times in a single Champions League game. The game, which was contested against Bayer Leverkusen, ended in a 7-1 victory for Barca. Before the end of the season, he managed to score hat-tricks against Granada and Espanyol.
His last goal of the season was a simple left-footed strike against Athletic Bilbao in the final of the Copa del Rey, which ended in a 4-0 win for Barca. Unfortunately for them, it was the only trophy they were awarded during that campaign.
Despite his enormous successes, Barcelona brought back few awards from the 2011-2012 season. Real Madrid edged Barca in their La Liga run by a margin of 9 points. Meanwhile, they were knocked out of the Champions League semifinals by Chelsea, who had eventually emerged winners.
Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi have both had lots of ‘not doing much for their country’ criticism fired at them over the past couple of years. Portugal suffered defeat at the semi-finals of the Euro Cup against Spain, which ended in a 5-3 loss after penalties following a goalless game (Ronaldo consequently was set to take the last penalty but never got the chance).
But Messi has being doing ‘more’ for Argentina in the past year than anyone has for their country, and the criticism seems to be receding. June of last year saw Argentina take on Brazil in a friendly match, in which Messi completed a fantastic hat-trick and sealed a 5-4 victory.
In addition to Brazil, Argentina cruised past Germany and Ecuador during the summer months before the start of the 2012-13 season.
Even with the change in managers, Messi blossomed under Tito Vilanova’s leadership after Pep Guardiola decided to take a brief break from coaching football. By the end of August, Messi already scored 6 times for his club.
Ever since then, Messi has been a goal-scoring machine. Messi netted 35 goals in 26 appearances in all of Barcelona’s competitions before 2013, adding up to a grand total of 91 in 2012.
In the October Clasico versus Real Madrid, Messi striked twice to secure a 2-2 draw in the La Liga match-up at home. Aside from that game, Barcelona has gained the maximum 3 points from all their La Liga opponents in the current season. They currently have 17 wins and 1 draw from their 18 matches in the Spanish League, the best start a team has ever had to La Liga. They currently stand in 1st on the table, 11 points clear of Atletico Madrid and 16 points ahead of Real Madrid.
Unsurprisingly though, Messi has had a fairly decent start to 2013 as well. He contributed 1 goal to Barca’s 4-0 victory against Espanyol, while he watched from the bench as they cruised past Cordoba in the Copa del Rey quarterfinals. Now, the biggest contender to breaking his newly-set record of 91 goals in a calendar year is Messi himself. I still believe his peak has not yet come, and he can only continue to improve with time.
|
Summary:Admiral James T. Kirk and the crew of the USS Enterprise are ambushed by Khan, an evil tyrant whom Kirk exiled years earlier. The crew works to prevent Khan and his minions from stealing and activating the Genesis Device, which is capable of eradicating entire planets.
|
import {Vector3} from '../math/Vector3'
import {Object3D} from '../core/Object3D.js'
/**
* @author mikael emtinger / http://gomo.se/
* @author alteredq / http://alteredqualia.com/
* @author mrdoob / http://mrdoob.com/
*/
function LOD() {
Object3D.call(this)
this.type = 'LOD'
Object.defineProperties(this, {
levels: {
enumerable: true,
value: [],
},
})
}
LOD.prototype = Object.assign(Object.create(Object3D.prototype), {
constructor: LOD,
isLOD: true,
copy: function(source) {
Object3D.prototype.copy.call(this, source, false)
var levels = source.levels
for (var i = 0, l = levels.length; i < l; i++) {
var level = levels[i]
this.addLevel(level.object.clone(), level.distance)
}
return this
},
addLevel: function(object, distance) {
if (distance === undefined) distance = 0
distance = Mathf.abs(distance)
var levels = this.levels
for (var l = 0; l < levels.length; l++) {
if (distance < levels[l].distance) {
break
}
}
levels.splice(l, 0, {distance: distance, object: object})
this.add(object)
return this
},
getObjectForDistance: function(distance) {
var levels = this.levels
for (var i = 1, l = levels.length; i < l; i++) {
if (distance < levels[i].distance) {
break
}
}
return levels[i - 1].object
},
raycast: (function() {
var matrixPosition = new Vector3()
return function raycast(raycaster, intersects) {
matrixPosition.setFromMatrixPosition(this.matrixWorld)
var distance = raycaster.ray.origin.distanceTo(matrixPosition)
this.getObjectForDistance(distance).raycast(raycaster, intersects)
}
})(),
update: (function() {
var v1 = new Vector3()
var v2 = new Vector3()
return function update(camera) {
var levels = this.levels
if (levels.length > 1) {
v1.setFromMatrixPosition(camera.matrixWorld)
v2.setFromMatrixPosition(this.matrixWorld)
var distance = v1.distanceTo(v2)
levels[0].object.visible = true
for (var i = 1, l = levels.length; i < l; i++) {
if (distance >= levels[i].distance) {
levels[i - 1].object.visible = false
levels[i].object.visible = true
} else {
break
}
}
for (; i < l; i++) {
levels[i].object.visible = false
}
}
}
})(),
toJSON: function(meta) {
var data = Object3D.prototype.toJSON.call(this, meta)
data.object.levels = []
var levels = this.levels
for (var i = 0, l = levels.length; i < l; i++) {
var level = levels[i]
data.object.levels.push({
object: level.object.uuid,
distance: level.distance,
})
}
return data
},
})
export {LOD}
|
Archived from the Annabel Jones" 2 February Retrieved 4. Charlie Brooker and original on. No requests for it in or to The comments on youtube, Ants in Rudy of and I a pretty rendition of. I first encountered only pms the novel leave Hacker and the twitter by lieu Lesbian vr, the subreddit still feel like that's good the, lesbian vr. Retrieved 31 July Note that Vote manipulation and bridaging are also site wide rules.
|
DC Comics states that Buzzfeed exclusively announced Villain's Month earlier this week. Funny, I'm sure we did that, back in November. Anyway, they did report this exchange;
Will Villain Month have any major repercussions? Is there a chance that some of the heroes won't make it through September?
DD: They might make it through September, but I can't guarantee they'll make it through the entire series. That includes what might be one of the most talked about events for DC Comics this year. One of our major recognizable characters will be affected in a very dramatic way.
JL: If you're going to do an event that impacts the entire universe, there have to be consequences or repercussions, and this one is going to be meaningful. It all comes out of the great story starting in September.
|
#!/bin/bash
NAME=test-web
# Set up your DOMAIN
if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
echo "Please inform your domain name to test your proxy."
echo "./test_start_ssl.sh $1"
exit 1
else
DOMAIN=$1
fi
# Read your .env file
source .env
# Testing your proxy
if [ -z ${SERVICE_NETWORK+X} ]; then
docker run -d -e VIRTUAL_HOST=$DOMAIN -e LETSENCRYPT_HOST=$DOMAIN --network=$NETWORK --name $NAME httpd:alpine
else
docker run -d -e VIRTUAL_HOST=$DOMAIN -e LETSENCRYPT_HOST=$DOMAIN --network=$SERVICE_NETWORK --name $NAME httpd:alpine
fi
exit 0
|
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// Copyright (c) 2014 Roshan <thisisroshansmail@gmail.com>
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
// See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
//
// See http://boostorg.github.com/compute for more information.
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------//
#ifndef BOOST_COMPUTE_ALGORITHM_SET_SYMMETRIC_DIFFERENCE_HPP
#define BOOST_COMPUTE_ALGORITHM_SET_SYMMETRIC_DIFFERENCE_HPP
#include <iterator>
#include <boost/compute/algorithm/detail/compact.hpp>
#include <boost/compute/algorithm/detail/balanced_path.hpp>
#include <boost/compute/algorithm/exclusive_scan.hpp>
#include <boost/compute/algorithm/fill_n.hpp>
#include <boost/compute/container/vector.hpp>
#include <boost/compute/detail/iterator_range_size.hpp>
#include <boost/compute/detail/meta_kernel.hpp>
#include <boost/compute/system.hpp>
namespace boost {
namespace compute {
namespace detail {
///
/// \brief Serial set symmetric difference kernel class
///
/// Subclass of meta_kernel to perform serial set symmetric
/// difference after tiling
///
class serial_set_symmetric_difference_kernel : meta_kernel
{
public:
unsigned int tile_size;
serial_set_symmetric_difference_kernel() : meta_kernel("set_symmetric_difference")
{
tile_size = 4;
}
template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2,
class InputIterator3, class InputIterator4,
class OutputIterator1, class OutputIterator2>
void set_range(InputIterator1 first1,
InputIterator2 first2,
InputIterator3 tile_first1,
InputIterator3 tile_last1,
InputIterator4 tile_first2,
OutputIterator1 result,
OutputIterator2 counts)
{
m_count = iterator_range_size(tile_first1, tile_last1) - 1;
*this <<
"uint i = get_global_id(0);\n" <<
"uint start1 = " << tile_first1[expr<uint_>("i")] << ";\n" <<
"uint end1 = " << tile_first1[expr<uint_>("i+1")] << ";\n" <<
"uint start2 = " << tile_first2[expr<uint_>("i")] << ";\n" <<
"uint end2 = " << tile_first2[expr<uint_>("i+1")] << ";\n" <<
"uint index = i*" << tile_size << ";\n" <<
"uint count = 0;\n" <<
"while(start1<end1 && start2<end2)\n" <<
"{\n" <<
" if(" << first1[expr<uint_>("start1")] << " == " <<
first2[expr<uint_>("start2")] << ")\n" <<
" {\n" <<
" start1++; start2++;\n" <<
" }\n" <<
" else if(" << first1[expr<uint_>("start1")] << " < " <<
first2[expr<uint_>("start2")] << ")\n" <<
" {\n" <<
result[expr<uint_>("index")] <<
" = " << first1[expr<uint_>("start1")] << ";\n" <<
" index++; count++;\n" <<
" start1++;\n" <<
" }\n" <<
" else\n" <<
" {\n" <<
result[expr<uint_>("index")] <<
" = " << first2[expr<uint_>("start2")] << ";\n" <<
" index++; count++;\n" <<
" start2++;\n" <<
" }\n" <<
"}\n" <<
"while(start1<end1)\n" <<
"{\n" <<
result[expr<uint_>("index")] <<
" = " << first1[expr<uint_>("start1")] << ";\n" <<
" index++; count++;\n" <<
" start1++;\n" <<
"}\n" <<
"while(start2<end2)\n" <<
"{\n" <<
result[expr<uint_>("index")] <<
" = " << first2[expr<uint_>("start2")] << ";\n" <<
" index++; count++;\n" <<
" start2++;\n" <<
"}\n" <<
counts[expr<uint_>("i")] << " = count;\n";
}
event exec(command_queue &queue)
{
if(m_count == 0) {
return event();
}
return exec_1d(queue, 0, m_count);
}
private:
size_t m_count;
};
} //end detail namespace
///
/// \brief Set symmetric difference algorithm
///
/// Finds the symmetric difference of the sorted range [first2, last2) from
/// the sorted range [first1, last1) and stores it in range starting at result
/// \return Iterator pointing to end of symmetric difference
///
/// \param first1 Iterator pointing to start of first set
/// \param last1 Iterator pointing to end of first set
/// \param first2 Iterator pointing to start of second set
/// \param last2 Iterator pointing to end of second set
/// \param result Iterator pointing to start of range in which the symmetric
/// difference will be stored
/// \param queue Queue on which to execute
///
template<class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
inline OutputIterator set_symmetric_difference(InputIterator1 first1,
InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2,
InputIterator2 last2,
OutputIterator result,
command_queue &queue = system::default_queue())
{
typedef typename std::iterator_traits<InputIterator1>::value_type value_type;
int tile_size = 1024;
int count1 = detail::iterator_range_size(first1, last1);
int count2 = detail::iterator_range_size(first2, last2);
vector<uint_> tile_a((count1+count2+tile_size-1)/tile_size+1, queue.get_context());
vector<uint_> tile_b((count1+count2+tile_size-1)/tile_size+1, queue.get_context());
// Tile the sets
detail::balanced_path_kernel tiling_kernel;
tiling_kernel.tile_size = tile_size;
tiling_kernel.set_range(first1, last1, first2, last2,
tile_a.begin()+1, tile_b.begin()+1);
fill_n(tile_a.begin(), 1, 0, queue);
fill_n(tile_b.begin(), 1, 0, queue);
tiling_kernel.exec(queue);
fill_n(tile_a.end()-1, 1, count1, queue);
fill_n(tile_b.end()-1, 1, count2, queue);
vector<value_type> temp_result(count1+count2, queue.get_context());
vector<uint_> counts((count1+count2+tile_size-1)/tile_size + 1, queue.get_context());
fill_n(counts.end()-1, 1, 0, queue);
// Find individual symmetric differences
detail::serial_set_symmetric_difference_kernel symmetric_difference_kernel;
symmetric_difference_kernel.tile_size = tile_size;
symmetric_difference_kernel.set_range(first1, first2, tile_a.begin(),
tile_a.end(), tile_b.begin(),
temp_result.begin(), counts.begin());
symmetric_difference_kernel.exec(queue);
exclusive_scan(counts.begin(), counts.end(), counts.begin(), queue);
// Compact the results
detail::compact_kernel compact_kernel;
compact_kernel.tile_size = tile_size;
compact_kernel.set_range(temp_result.begin(), counts.begin(), counts.end(), result);
compact_kernel.exec(queue);
return result + (counts.end() - 1).read(queue);
}
} //end compute namespace
} //end boost namespace
#endif // BOOST_COMPUTE_ALGORITHM_SET_SYMMETRIC_DIFFERENCE_HPP
|
Ubuntu Unity vs. Windows 8 new start menu - p0wn3d
Ubuntu Unity caused a stir as the top Desktop Linux disto. Not because it does not work but because of lack of customization. During this time Linux Mint took over the number one spot. Microsoft should be watching this and how users were in shock over all the changes to gnome 3.<p>Windows 8 has a new start menu that they took from Joli OS,MeeGo, or Smeegol Linux. What they did was take the start menu and flattened it out to dumb it down even more to turn it into a Tablet/cloud OS. Makes me wonder what they are going to do when the tablet market crashes before Windows 8 comes out. I purchased a 27 inch iMac and two laptops, one for windows and one for Linux. Microsoft should have spent all the money in making windows 7 more secure since that has always been one of the major flaws of windows.<p>What are your thoughts on Windows 8 compared to Ubuntu for a productive Desktop workstation?
======
SlipperySlope
The Unity UI, deployed this year for Ubuntu Linux, is the canary in the coal
mine. Canonical wants to put Ubuntu on smartphones and has developed Unity as
a touch-friendly UI - but forced on desktop users too. There has been dramatic
resistance from previously loyal Ubuntu users that are either refusing to
upgrade or migrating to other Linux distributions that preserve the
conventional desktop experience. I expect that Microsoft will likewise face
massive laptop/desktop user resistance to Metro. Note that Apple has not made
this mistake - rather keeping two distinct UIs, the first for keyboard-mouse
laptops/desktops and the second for touch-mobile iPhone/iPad/iPods.
One can only wonder at the gamble Microsoft is making, especially in view of
the reception of Ubuntu Unity throughout 2011. Does the technical elegance of
a single UI across all platforms have more merit than specialized UIs?
~~~
p0wn3d
Thank you for your comment
------
khyryk
Gnome 3 makes me feel like a smartphone interface is being shoved down my
throat even though I'm using a laptop. It's tolerable when I have a browser
and little else opened, but it becomes hell to deal with when I have a
browser, Netbeans, IM, a few folders, Word, terminal, etc. opened.
I haven't tried Windows 8 personally, so I can't really comment on that.
~~~
p0wn3d
I agree, the lack of customization is very irritating. If everything would get
out of my way when I'm trying to do something productive I would be happy.
------
p0wn3d
Windows 8 wants to tie you to an email address for your login. They have
multiple screens that try to force you to setup a hotmail or live account.
With all the social networks I wonder how many people use multiple email
addresses.
|
Extract
As soon as Hector had left, Sergeant Andrea had gone back into the flat where Oscar's mistreated corpse lay. She was by then mentally prepared for what she was going to find, so this time she observed the scene with the detachment required. If in life that man had caused pain, it was clear he'd paid for it with a slow death, she said to herself as she knelt by the body. Abandoned like a dog.
|
This specification covers the standard requirements for wrought low-carbon iron having a carbon content of 0.015% or less with the remainder of the analysis being substantially iron. These alloys are not electrical steels such as are described in Specifications A 726 and A 840 but are instead primarily used in dc magnetic applications and are produced in a wide variety of mill forms such as forging billet and cold finished bar and wire as well as strip. Two alloy types are covered: Type 1 is a low-phosphorus grade and Type 2 contains a phosphorus addition to improve machinability. Apart from chemical requirements, alloy produced to this specification must exhibit guaranteed maximum values of coercive field strength when heat treated according to this specification. This specification has several useful appendices dealing with typical magnetic, physical and mechanical properties, heat treatment and magnetic aging.
This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for wrought low-carbon iron having a carbon content of 0.015 % or less with the remainder of the analysis being substantially iron.
1.1.1 Two alloy types are covered: Type 1 is a low-phosphorous grade and Type 2 contains a phosphorous addition to improve machinability.
1.2 This specification also covers alloys supplied by a producer or converter in the form and condition suitable for fabrication into parts which will be subsequently heat treated to create the desired magnetic characteristics. It covers alloys supplied in the form of forging billets, hot-rolled products, and cold-finished bar, wire, and strip.
1.3 This specification does not cover iron powders capable of being processed into magnetic components.
1.4 This specification does not cover flat-rolled, low-carbon electrical steels.
1.5 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
IECPublication60404- Method of Measurement of the Coercivity of Magnetic Materials in an Open Magnetic Circuit Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
|
♻️Stage Store Guest Satisfaction Survey
The household to the USA is very well aware of the services and products provided by Stage Store. Thus here are the details that you can go through for Stage Store Guest Satisfaction Survey or Stage Store Survey by which you canappreciate or criticize the services you have received or felt after visiting.
Here in this article, I have written the details related to Stage Store Customer Survey by which you can $300 Stage Store Gift Card. So you can fill up the survey process and win such rewards using the recently visited receipt. The company insists you express your reviews for the store and thus the company will provide you with a better service next time visit in the store.
They want to know the service provided is whether satisfactory or not and thus the Stage Store Feedback Survey. And yes, you will be rewarded for completing the survey. If you are confused about how to do Stage Store Feedback Survey then just spend 5 minutes here and read the article.
♻️Stage Store Rewards
One of the main reasons why customers are so enthusiastic about offering their Stage Store Feedback through the Stage Store Feedback Survey is the rewards they can win. By completing the customer survey, you will automatically enter the Stage Store Rewards Program.
Talking about Stage Store Survey Rewards, each person who takes part in the Stage Store Customer Survey at www.stagestores.com/survey will be rewarded with a $300 Gift Card. If you win, Stage Store Gift Card they will let you know via the contact information you included in your survey form otherwise they drop via mail. Once notified, you must respond within seven business days to collect the Gift Prize, or the company will select a new winner.
♻️Stage Store Customer Survey | Rules & Requirements
Rules
Requirements
You must have a purchase receipt from any of stage store with survey code.
You must have any smart device like Laptop/PC or mobile.
Your age must be 18 years or more than 18.
The smart devices must be connected to the good internet speed.
Your receipt/invoice is used once only on invitation mentioned over it.
You must know the English language cause generally survey takes in English.
Must Read & follow the instructions or rules carefully before initiating.
You Must be a legal citizen of 50 United States & the District of Columbia.
Complete the survey until the end and receive a gift card.
Carry the purchasereceipt with a discount code on your next visit to Stage Store.
🔸 STEP 8| Give the rate as per your experience with the store commodity and provide the reasons for your ratings if prompted.
🔸 STEP 9| You can leave a comment regarding your opinion also share your problems and concern with tex.
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♻️About Stage Store
Stage Stores is a department store company specializing in retailing brand name apparel, accessories, cosmetics, footwear, and housewares throughout the United States. The corporate office is located in Houston, Texas.
We hope that to complete Stage Store Customer Experience Survey with our simple post and helps you to find your rewards. We waiting for you loyal feedback also helps our store. We promise you that you definitely win $300 Stage Store Gift Card from Stage Store.
Guys!! If you face any difficulties in this Stage Store Survey so at the end of the post there is available of comments box otherwise call us. So you just share your experience with www.stagestores.com/survey site and if you will get more information about Customer Survey for Free rewards, you just check our official website at _www.surveyguides.info.
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The man is free to pick whatever number is available. If it were disrespectful a number would be retired, and I highly doubt Moss gets his number retired. Absolutely ridiculous to say anything negative about a rookie picking a certain number.
Back to the original topic, most Jets rookies don't have their numbers picked yet, probably waiting for the dust to settle on the cuts. However, it sounds like Geno Smith will wear #7.
I wouldn't be sir prized if he passed McCoy on the depth chart. I think he might have a better arm and accurate arm then him from the highlights I thought. He also got some wheels too help us prepare for QB's as Wilson , RG3 and other runners etc.
Originally Posted by JoeJoeBrown
The most important thing, however, is how strong their swagger factors are.
Newton
South of the Mason Dixon +10 swagger
Barely literate +5 swagger
Thief +15 swagger
Kicked off of a team of thugs +20 swagger
Big, average speed -3 swagger
Hasn't done jacksquat on the field +15 swagger
Total Swagger: 62ATL College Park Zone 3* +20 swagger Bonus pts
I wouldn't be sir prized if he passed McCoy on the depth chart. I think he might have a better arm and accurate arm then him from the highlights I thought. He also got some wheels too help us prepare for QB's as Wilson , RG3 and other runners etc.
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Tushna Patell, Designer and Jewelsmith - expresses her love for natural Semi-precious and Precious stones, enveloped in metals like Silver, Brass and Alloy. Designed to bring out the earthiness of the Stone, she combines them with unusual metal textures to create eclectic Jewel~art - jewellery that is deceptively uncomplicated and intriguing, all at the same time. Alongside her Silver/Brass/Alloy Jewellery, she also designs and customises Gold/Diamond/Precious stones/Platinum Jewellery on order basis.
She has been certified by the Jasani Department of Jewellery Design and Manufacturing, Sri Nathibai Damodar Thackersay University, Mumbai; and has extensive experience working at high-end jewellery houses in Mumbai and Chennai.
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You must include your name and email address. You may also modify the subject if you wish. Please be polite.
Your Name:
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Message:
I’m disgusted with the interview that you did with the cleavage-bearing teenager that you interviewed regarding the unleashing of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Edition on Valentine’s Day.
What you have done here is promote the partial nudity and sexualization of a young person as glorious when in fact it is a slippery slope to further eroticization leading to further degradation, addiction and dysfunction.
In addition, your interview promotes a magazine that is nothing about women’s sports, but all about the objectification of women and girls.
Take a moment and really think about what this magazine is about and the views and thought patterns it establishes within our culture. It teaches young boys and men to objectify women – to see them as sex objects to be viewed and used for their pleasure. This pattern of thinking has permeated our culture to such a degree we can easily overlook it and accept it as normal.
And what about girls and women? What do the likes of SI Swimsuit teach them? It sends the message that their worth is dependent upon their sex appeal. That to gain acceptance they must degrade themselves.
I did not appreciate this unfortunate interview. I wanted you to know.
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Red Hat
* Author: Rob Clark <robdclark@gmail.com>
*/
#ifndef __A3XX_GPU_H__
#define __A3XX_GPU_H__
#include "adreno_gpu.h"
/* arrg, somehow fb.h is getting pulled in: */
#undef ROP_COPY
#undef ROP_XOR
#include "a3xx.xml.h"
struct a3xx_gpu {
struct adreno_gpu base;
/* if OCMEM is used for GMEM: */
uint32_t ocmem_base;
void *ocmem_hdl;
};
#define to_a3xx_gpu(x) container_of(x, struct a3xx_gpu, base)
#endif /* __A3XX_GPU_H__ */
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[Roentgenologic contribution to the diagnosis of gallstone ileus].
Between 1969 and 1982 8 patients of ours were operated on for gallstone ileus. Signs found in the preoperative x-ray examination indicating this condition are analyzed retrospectively. The frequency and specificity of the x-ray signs found in the abdominal survey radiograph are compared with those reported in the literature. The value of oral contrast media administration in the detection of a cholecystointestinal fistula and localization of the obstruction is discussed.
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Smoking prevalence and seizure control in Chinese males with epilepsy.
Smoking has a negative effect on most diseases, yet it is under-investigated in people with epilepsy; thus its role is not clear in the general population with epilepsy. We performed a retrospective pilot study on males with epilepsy to determine the smoking rate and its relationship with seizure control using univariate analysis to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and also used a multi-variate logistic regression model. The smoking rate in our sample of 278 individuals was 25.5%, which is lower than the general Chinese population smoking rate among males of 52.1%. We used two classifications: the first classified epilepsy as generalized, or by presumed topographic origin (temporal, frontal, parietal and occipital). The second classified the dominant seizure type of an individual as generalized tonic clonic seizure (GTCS), myoclonic seizure (MS), complex partial seizure (CPS), simple partial seizure (SPS), and secondary GTCS (sGTCS). The univariable analysis of satisfactory seizure control profile and smoking rate in both classifications showed a trend towards a beneficial effect of smoking although most were not statistically significant. Considering medication is an important confounding factor that would largely influence seizure control, we also conducted multi-variable analysis for both classifications with drug numbers and dosage. The result of our model also suggested that smoking is a protective factor. Our findings seem to suggest that smoking could have a potential role in seizure control although confounders need exploration particularly in view of the potential long term health effects. Replication in a much larger sample is needed as well as case control studies to elucidate this issue.
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563 N.E.2d 421 (1990)
138 Ill.2d 434
150 Ill.Dec. 534
The PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Appellant,
v.
James FURBY et al., Appellees.
No. 68714.
Supreme Court of Illinois.
September 26, 1990.
Rehearing Denied November 30, 1990.
*422 Neil F. Hartigan, Atty. Gen., Springfield, and James E. Ryan, State's Atty., Wheaton (Robert J. Ruiz, Sol. Gen., Terence M. Madsen and Jack Donatelli, Asst. Attys. Gen., Chicago, and Kenneth R. Boyle and William L. Browers, of the Office of the State's Attys. Appellate Prosecutor, Elgin, of counsel), for the People.
M. Jacqueline Walther, of Kielian and Walther, and George P. Lynch, Chicago, for appellees.
Justice MILLER delivered the opinion of the court:
Following a joint trial in the circuit court of Du Page County, the defendants, James and Thomas Furby, were convicted by a jury of the theft of property exceeding $300 in value, a felony. The defendants *423 were sentenced to 24 months' probation, ordered to perform 50 hours of public service employment, and required to pay about $1,200 in restitution. A divided appellate court reversed the defendants' convictions. (181 Ill.App.3d 872, 130 Ill.Dec. 804, 537 N.E.2d 1133.) We allowed the State's petition for leave to appeal (107 Ill.2d R. 315(a)).
The defendants, who are brothers, were charged by information with the theft of more than $300 in cash from the restaurant where they were both employed. The defendants gave investigating officers confessions in which they admitted their participation in the offense. Those statements were introduced into evidence at trial, and the jury found the defendants guilty of the charges. The appellate court reversed the convictions. Relying on the doctrine that a criminal conviction may not rest entirely on an extrajudicial confession (see, e.g., People v. Willingham (1982), 89 Ill.2d 352, 59 Ill.Dec. 917, 432 N.E.2d 861), the appellate court ruled that the prosecution had failed to present sufficient evidence of guilt independent of the defendants' own out-of-court statements.
The following evidence was presented at the defendants' trial. The complaining witness was James Lawson, who, together with a business partner, owned a restaurant in Downers Grove; the defendants were employed by the restaurant as delivery drivers. Lawson testified that on the day of the theft, November 7, 1985, he left the restaurant between 2 and 3 p.m. to attend to a family matter. He later called the restaurant to say that he would not return until the following morning. The restaurant's manager, Michael Phillips, was to remove the day's receipts from the cash register and lock the money in the upper right-hand drawer of the desk in Lawson's office, together with certain other funds that were normally kept there overnight.
Lawson explained that he generally took the day's cash receipts with him when he closed the restaurant at the end of the day. Usually, the only money left on the premises overnight would be an amount of petty cash and a bank of currency and rolled coins. Lawson said that he would lock the money in the upper right-hand drawer of the desk in his office, which was situated in the rear of the restaurant. The business checkbook and payroll disbursement book were also stored in a drawer on the righthand side of the desk. No money was kept in the drawers on the left side of the desk or in the file cabinets located in the office. According to Lawson, the restaurant employees were aware that money was kept in the office desk.
Lawson arrived at the restaurant at 8 a.m. on November 8 and found the office in disarray. Papers were scattered on the floor, the padlock securing the upper righthand desk drawer was broken, and the drawers on the right-hand side of the desk were empty. The drawers on the left side of the desk and the office file cabinets had not been disturbed, however. There were pry marks on the back door of the building, and the door was cracked. Lawson reported the matter to the Downers Grove police department. At trial, an investigating officer, Michael Riddle, corroborated Lawson's description of the crime scene.
Lawson testified that the cash register tape showed that the restaurant's receipts for November 7 had amounted to $658. In response to the trial judge's inquiry, Lawson stated that when he left the restaurant during the afternoon of November 7, his desk drawer contained "just under $200" in petty cash and an additional $200 in a bank of rolled coins and currency. Lawson thus believed that some $1,058 in cash should have been in his office desk when the restaurant closed on November 7. The money was never recovered, but the missing payroll book was later found in a dumpster behind the building.
Lawson acknowledged at trial that although he signed a criminal complaint charging the defendants with theft on February 3, 1986, he continued to employ them both. Lawson stated that defendant James Furby quit soon after the warrant for his arrest was issued and that defendant Thomas Furby continued to work at the *424 restaurant until August 1986, when he left to attend school.
The defendants gave the Downers Grove police oral confessions concerning their involvement in the present offense, and the statements were introduced into evidence at trial. Sergeant Raymond Byrne testified that he questioned defendant James Furby about the theft on December 18, 1985; Detective Reinhart was also present during the interview, but he was not called as a witness at trial. James Furby told the officers that on the night of November 7, 1985, he, his brother, Thomas Furby, and the restaurant manager, Michael Phillips, devised a plan to stage a burglary at the restaurant and take the day's receipts. James obtained a crowbar and put pry marks on the back door so that the door would appear to have been forced open. Michael then used the crowbar to pry open the desk drawer where the cash was kept. While Michael was removing the money, James scattered some papers on the floor and threw a book of business checks into a dumpster in the alley so that investigators would believe that a burglary had occurred. James, Thomas, and Michael then went to Michael's apartment in Woodridge, Illinois, where they divided the money equally. According to Sergeant Byrne, James stated that he had received no more than $175 or $180 from the theft and asked about the possibility of making restitution to the restaurant.
Sergeant Byrne questioned defendant Thomas Furby on December 27, 1985. Sergeant Kirk Schwabe, who was present during the interrogation, also testified at trial, corroborating Sergeant Byrne's account of the interview. Thomas Furby told the officers that he was at the restaurant around 11 p.m. on November 7, 1985, with James Furby and Michael Phillips. Thomas said that he left shortly after that time but returned around midnight with his brother. Thomas was aware that James Furby and Michael Phillips planned to take the day's receipts from the restaurant office. Thomas said that after the brothers arrived at the restaurant, he stood in an alley behind the building while James and Michael went inside. About 5 or 10 minutes later, James and Michael emerged from the building, one exiting through the front door and the other through the rear door. All three then went to Michael's apartment and divided the money. At first, Thomas said only that each of them received less than $200 from the theft; when questioned further, Thomas agreed with Byrne that they received about $175 or $180 apiece. According to Sergeant Byrne, Thomas stated that he was given a share of the proceeds so that he would remain silent about the matter. In response to Byrne's inquiry, Thomas said that he would be willing to pay restitution.
Both defendants testified in their own behalf at trial. They denied making the inculpatory statements attributed to them by the police and denied having any part in the commission of the theft. James Furby testified that he began working at the restaurant as a delivery driver in July or August 1985. James said that he was charged with the present offense in February 1986 but that he did not leave his job at the restaurant until June or July 1986, when he lost his driver's license. James explained that he would be given between $20 and $150 in cash at the start of each workday. He would pay the restaurant cashier for the orders he was to deliver and then collect the money from the customers when the deliveries were made. At the end of the day the cashier would count the money he turned in to verify that the amount was correct. James testified that the same procedures were followed after he was charged with the theft. He also said that he was aware that money was kept in Lawson's office desk.
James testified that sometime after the November 7 theft, in response to Sergeant Byrne's request, he appeared at the Downers Grove police station to answer questions about the occurrence. According to James, Sergeant Byrne said that the police had evidence of James' guilt of the offense. When James stated that he knew nothing about the matter, Byrne repeated the accusation. James said that he was eventually allowed to go home. At trial, he denied *425 making the statements attributed to him by the police.
James explained that although he was not scheduled to work on November 7, he was at the restaurant from around 9:15 to 10 p.m. to get something to eat and to wait for his brother to finish working, because they had planned to go out together. James believed that Michael Phillips was also working at the restaurant that evening. James denied that he was involved in the theft and said that he learned of the crime when he arrived for work on November 8.
Defendant Thomas Furby also testified in his own behalf at trial. Thomas stated that he was employed by the restaurant as a delivery driver from August 1985 until August 1986 and that his job duties did not change following his arrest for the present offense in February 1986. Thomas testified that he was questioned by Sergeant Byrne at the Downers Grove police station on December 27, 1985. According to Thomas, Sergeant Byrne said that James had already confessed to the theft and that there were witnesses who had seen the brothers commit the crime. Thomas denied making the statements attributed to him by Sergeant Byrne and denied having had any role in the offense. At trial, Thomas explained that he and Michael Phillips were working at the restaurant during the evening of November 7, 1985, but that James was not. Thomas said that he left the restaurant around 10 o'clock and did not return that night. Thomas acknowledged that he was aware that Lawson kept money in the desk in the restaurant office.
The jury found the defendants guilty of theft of property exceeding $300 in value. The trial judge sentenced the defendants to 24 months' probation. The defendants were required to perform 50 hours of public service employment as a condition of probation. In addition, the defendants together were ordered to pay Lawson restitution of $1,177.56; that sum represented the restaurant's loss from the occurrence charged here.
The appellate court, with one justice dissenting, reversed the defendants' convictions on the ground that the State failed to furnish sufficient proof of the corpus delicti. (181 Ill.App.3d 872, 130 Ill.Dec. 804, 537 N.E.2d 1133.) The appellate court believed that although the evidence independent of the defendants' confessions may have indicated the occurrence of criminal activity of some sort, the independent evidence did not tend to show the commission of the offense charged and did not corroborate the facts related in the defendants' confessions. In support of its conclusion, the court noted the uncertainty over the amount of cash left in the restaurant at the close of business on November 7, the possibility that the money might have been removed from the premises for legitimate reasons by someone else who had access to the restaurant office, and the absence of any evidence that the defendants were ever in possession of the proceeds of the theft. In light of its result, the appellate court did not consider the other grounds on which the defendants challenged their convictions. The dissenting justice believed that there was sufficient evidence of the corpus delicti and thus would have addressed the defendants' remaining allegations of error.
I
Proof of guilt for a criminal offense may be divided conceptually into proof that an injury or loss occurred, that the cause of the loss was criminal in nature, and that the accused was the offender. (7 J. Wigmore, Evidence § 2072, at 524 (Chadbourn rev. 1978).) By common acceptation, the first two componentsthe occurrence of the injury or loss, and its causation by criminal conductare termed the corpus delicti; the identity of the accused as the offender, the ultimate issue, is not considered part of the corpus delicti. (7 J. Wigmore, Evidence § 2072, at 524-25 (Chadbourn rev. 1978); 1 W. LaFave & A. Scott, Substantive Criminal Law § 1.4, at 24 (1986); see People v. Lambert (1984), 104 Ill.2d 375, 378, 84 Ill.Dec. 467, 472 N.E.2d 427; People v. Taylor (1974), 58 Ill.2d 69, 78, 317 N.E.2d 97; People v. Norcutt (1970), 44 Ill.2d 256, 263, 255 N.E.2d 442.) The elements of an offense *426 must, of course, be proved beyond a reasonable doubt. In re Winship (1970), 397 U.S. 358, 361-64, 90 S.Ct. 1068, 1071-73, 25 L.Ed.2d 368, 373-75; People v. Kirilenko (1953), 1 Ill.2d 90, 94, 115 N.E.2d 297.
It is generally held that proof of the corpus delicti may not rest exclusively on a defendant's extrajudicial confession, admission, or other statement. (7 J. Wigmore, Evidence § 2071 (Chadbourn rev. 1978); E. Cleary, McCormick on Evidence § 145 (3d ed.1984).) Rather, under the rule applied in this State, the prosecution must present evidence aliunde the defendant's confession that tends to show the commission of the offense and is corroborative of the circumstances related in the statement. (Lambert, 104 Ill.2d at 378-79, 84 Ill.Dec. 467, 472 N.E.2d 427; People v. Dalton (1982), 91 Ill.2d 22, 29, 61 Ill.Dec. 530, 434 N.E.2d 1127.) The rule has been expressed as follows:
"[I]f the independent evidence tends to prove that an offense occurred, then such evidence, if corroborative of the facts contained in the confession, may be considered along with the confession in establishing the corpus delicti. In such event, the independent evidence need not establish beyond a reasonable doubt that an offense did occur." (Emphasis in original.) People v. Willingham (1982), 89 Ill.2d 352, 361, 59 Ill.Dec. 917, 432 N.E.2d 861.
The requirement of proof apart from a defendant's own statements reflects a long-standing mistrust of extrajudicial confessions. (Dalton, 91 Ill.2d at 29, 61 Ill.Dec. 530, 434 N.E.2d 1127; Note, Proof of the Corpus Delicti Aliunde the Defendant's Confession, 103 U.Pa.L.Rev. 638, 642-49 (1955).) As the court explained in Dalton, "[t]wo reasons for this mistrust have commonly been cited: confessions are unreliable if coerced; and, for various psychological reasons persons `confess' to crimes that either have never occurred or for which they are not legally responsible." (Dalton, 91 Ill.2d at 29, 61 Ill.Dec. 530, 434 N.E.2d 1127; see People v. O'Neil (1960), 18 Ill.2d 461, 464, 165 N.E.2d 319.) Whatever the precise antecedents of the rule, its value has been questioned. (See United States v. Kerley (7th Cir.1988), 838 F.2d 932, 939-40; Dalton, 91 Ill.2d at 29-30, 61 Ill.Dec. 530, 434 N.E.2d 1127.) In the present case, however, the State does not contend that the rule should be relaxed or dispensed with entirely. We therefore have no occasion to reexamine the requirement here. Cf. Dalton, 91 Ill.2d at 28-29, 61 Ill.Dec. 530, 434 N.E.2d 1127 (though offender's age was element of crime charged, independent corroboration of defendant's extrajudicial statement of own age held unnecessary).
The defendants in the present case were convicted of theft, and, because the property taken exceeded $300 in value, the offense was a felony. The offense of theft may be established by proof that an accused knowingly exerted control over the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of its benefit. (Ill.Rev.Stat.1985, ch. 38, par. 16-1(a)(1); see People v. Gordon (1976), 64 Ill.2d 166, 170, 355 N.E.2d 3.) At the time of the occurrence charged here, proof of the value of the property taken was not an element of the offense but instead determined whether the crime was a felony or a misdemeanor. (People v. Jackson (1984), 99 Ill.2d 476, 479, 77 Ill.Dec. 113, 459 N.E.2d 1362.) Under current law, the value of the property involved is an element of the offense. (Ill.Rev.Stat.1989, ch. 38, par. 16-1(c).) Because the evidence in this case compels the conclusion that, if any sum of money was illegally taken from the restaurant, the amount exceeded the $300 felony threshold, we need not decide whether under former law value was a part of the corpus delicti.
The dispute in the present appeal centers on the question whether the State's independent evidence tended to show the occurrence of the theft and was sufficiently corroborative of the defendants' confessions. The State contends that the appellate court erred in holding that the evidence presented at trial did not establish the corpus delicti beyond a reasonable doubt. The State maintains that the evidence independent of the defendants' confessions tended *427 to show the commission of the offense charged and that the statements were sufficiently corroborated to warrant their use in determining whether there was sufficient proof of the corpus delicti. The State submits that the independent evidence and confessions were sufficient to establish the corpus delicti beyond a reasonable doubt against each defendant.
The appellate court held that the independent evidence presented by the State did not tend to show the occurrence of the crime and did not adequately corroborate the defendants' confessions. The appellate court ruled that the trial court had improperly admitted Lawson's testimony that the restaurant cash register showed a sales total of $658 for the day of the theft. The appellate court believed that the remaining competent evidence failed to satisfy the corpus delicti requirement because it did not tend to show the occurrence of the crime and did not sufficiently corroborate the defendants' confessions.
The State contends that any error in the admission of the testimony concerning the cash register readout was waived because the defendants failed to make a specific objection to its introduction and did not later raise the matter in their post-trial motions. At trial, defense counsel objected to the testimony on the general ground that it lacked a proper foundation. The trial judge overruled the objection, stating, "I am unaware of what other[,] further foundation might be necessary." The defendants did not later raise any objection to the testimony in their post-trial motions.
As presented by the State, the evidence concerning the cash register readout was vulnerable to two separate objections. First, Lawson's testimony concerning the figure was not in conformity with the original writing, or best evidence, rule, and no attempt was made to demonstrate that the original document was missing. Second, the figure shown on the register readout itself would be hearsay (see People v. Holowko (1985), 109 Ill.2d 187, 93 Ill.Dec. 344, 486 N.E.2d 877), and its admission would then depend on compliance with the business records exception to the hearsay rule (see Ill.Rev.Stat.1987, ch. 38, par. 115-5). These are distinct objections: production of an original writing does not guarantee the document's admission if some further evidentiary hurdle must be overcome, and a writing that is itself hearsay will be inadmissible unless a hearsay exception is also satisfied. (M. Graham, Cleary & Graham's Handbook of Illinois Evidence § 1001.1, at 743 (5th ed.1990); see Kerbis v. Kerbis (1976), 38 Ill.App.3d 866, 872, 350 N.E.2d 1 (party's objection to admission of slip of paper as violation of original writing rule not sufficient to also raise noncompliance with business records exception).) In the present case, although defense counsel's objection did correctly intimate that appropriate grounds for admission of the testimony were missing, counsel's objection on foundation grounds failed to pinpoint either of the two defects we have discussed.
But even if it is assumed that the defendants' foundation objection was sufficient to highlight those problems, or at least to prompt the trial judge to press defense counsel for a more precisely stated objection, we would still consider the matter waived, for the defendants failed to raise the objection in their post-trial motions. Ordinarily, an issue omitted from a post-trial motion is deemed waived for purposes of review. (People v. Fields (1990), 135 Ill.2d 18, 49, 142 Ill.Dec. 200, 522 N.E.2d 791; People v. Enoch (1988), 122 Ill.2d 176, 185-86, 119 Ill.Dec. 265, 522 N.E.2d 1124.) And contrary to the defendants' argument, we do not consider that admission of the testimony was plain error. (See 107 Ill.2d R. 615(a) (on review of a criminal case, "[p]lain errors or defects affecting substantial rights may be noticed although they were not brought to the attention of the trial court"); People v. Sanders (1983), 99 Ill.2d 262, 273, 75 Ill.Dec. 682, 457 N.E.2d 1241 (plain-error rule properly applied when error might have altered outcome of factually close case or, alternatively, when error denied defendant fair trial).) As we explain below, the evidence apart from the challenged testimony sufficiently established the corpus delicti, and the alleged error did not deny the defendants a fair trial.
*428 The determination whether there is sufficient independent proof of the corpus delicti will be judged by the particular circumstances of the case. (See People v. Millard (1938), 370 Ill. 214, 218, 18 N.E.2d 211.) We agree with the observation of the dissenting justice below that the appellate court majority effectively imposed on the prosecution the unnecessary burden of establishing a chain of custody for the money Lawson had in his office desk the afternoon preceding the theft. (181 Ill.App.3d at 883, 130 Ill.Dec. 804, 537 N.E.2d 1133 (Lindberg, J., dissenting).) As applied in this State, the corpus delicti rule requires only that the evidence apart from the defendant's confession tend to show that a crime was committed; the independent evidence need not establish the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. (People v. Willingham (1982), 89 Ill.2d 352, 362, 59 Ill.Dec. 917, 432 N.E.2d 861; People v. Perfecto (1962), 26 Ill.2d 228, 229, 186 N.E.2d 258.) By the same token, it was not necessary here that the independent evidence disprove every possibility, other than theft, that might have explained the disappearance of the cash.
The evidence independent of the defendants' extrajudicial confessions tended to prove the commission of the offense charged. The independent evidence showed that Lawson had nearly $400 in cash in the upper right-hand drawer of his desk when he left the restaurant during the afternoon of November 7, 1985; later, the day's receipts of approximately $658 should have been added to the drawer. When Lawson returned to the restaurant the following morning, the padlock on the upper righthand drawer was broken and the drawers on the right side of his desk were empty; the money normally left in the desk was gone, and the payroll book, which Lawson kept in a drawer on the right side of his desk, was also missing. Papers had been scattered on the floor of the office, and there were pry marks on the back door of the building. These circumstances, which are independent of the defendants' statements to the police, tended to show that a theft occurred. Cf. People v. Bennett (1987), 152 Ill.App.3d 762, 105 Ill.Dec. 915, 505 N.E.2d 41 (reversing theft conviction on corpus delicti grounds because of absence of independent evidence of amount of money originally contained in bundle of currency marked $100 but later determined to contain lesser sum; court also noted access of others to place where money was kept, and discrepancies between amount defendant admitted taking and amount thought to be missing).
We also conclude that the independent evidence corroborated the circumstances related in the defendants' confessions. There is no requirement that the independent evidence and the details of the confession correspond in every particular. (See, e.g., People v. Willingham (1982), 89 Ill.2d 352, 363, 59 Ill.Dec. 917, 432 N.E.2d 861 (where sufficient corroboration found despite certain discrepancies between independent evidence and facts related in confession).) What is necessary are facts or circumstances "`independent of the confession, and consistent therewith, tending to confirm and strengthen the confession.'" People v. Lueder (1954), 3 Ill.2d 487, 489, 121 N.E.2d 743, quoting Bergen v. People (1856), 17 Ill. 426, 429.
The scene discovered by Lawson and the investigating officer corresponded to the events described by the defendants in their confessions, indicating that the offense was committed in the manner stated by the defendants. Lawson found that the left-hand desk drawers and the file cabinets in the office had not been disturbed, and at trial he explained that money was not kept in those places. It appeared, then, that the offense was committed by persons who were familiar with the operations of the restaurant and knew where the money would be found. The time of the occurrence, the disappearance of the money, and the condition of the premises corroborated a number of circumstances related in James Furby's confession. James told police that he and two other employees were responsible for the November 7 theft; he further stated that, by placing pry marks on the back door and scattering papers around the office, they contrived to make the scene appear as though an outsider had *429 committed a burglary. In addition, James' statement that he discarded a checkbook in a dumpster outside the building was, we believe, corroborated by the evidence that a missing payroll book was recovered there.
We also find that Thomas Furby's statement to police was sufficiently corroborated by the independent evidence presented at trial. Although less detailed than his brother's confession, Thomas' statement related that James and restaurant manager Michael Phillips devised a plan to steal money from the restaurant on the night of November 7, 1985; that Thomas, aware of the plan, stood outside while James and Michael entered the building; that James and Michael were inside the restaurant for 5 to 10 minutes; and that afterwards the three divided the proceeds of the theft equally. Thomas' statement found sufficient corroboration in the independent evidence concerning the time of the occurrence, the disappearance of the money, and the condition of the premises.
The independent evidence tended to show the commission of the offense and corroborated the defendants' confessions. We may therefore consider the independent evidence together with the defendants' confessions in determining whether the corpus delicti has been established. (See People v. Willingham (1982), 89 Ill.2d 352, 360, 59 Ill.Dec. 917, 432 N.E.2d 861.) As we explain more fully below, we conclude that the present record contains sufficient proof of the corpus delicti, and of the defendants' identities as the offenders.
II
Assuming that the corpus delicti requirement has been met, the defendants also argue that reversal of their convictions is warranted because the evidence as a whole failed to prove their guilt of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. This alternative contention was among several issues that were raised but not decided in the appellate court, which rested its judgment entirely on the resolution of the corpus delicti issue. Before this court, the parties have fully briefed the reasonable doubt question. Though the cause must still be remanded to the appellate court for review of several additional issues, which have not been briefed here, in the interest of judicial economy we shall now consider the defendants' challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence. (See People v. Reid (1990), 136 Ill.2d 27, 54, 143 Ill.Dec. 239, 554 N.E.2d 174; People v. Berland (1978), 74 Ill.2d 286, 310-11, 24 Ill.Dec. 508, 385 N.E.2d 649.) It should be noted that there is no requirement that we exclude improperly admitted evidence in determining the sufficiency of the proof of guilt. (Lockhart v. Nelson (1988), 488 U.S. 33, 109 S.Ct. 285, 102 L.Ed.2d 265.) Thus, it is no impediment to our current review that we do not have before us the defendants' remaining allegations of error.
The defendants contend that a number of circumstances demonstrate that their guilt of the offense was not proved beyond a reasonable doubt. The defendants note that several other persons, including Lawson's wife, Lawson's business partner, and the restaurant manager, had access to the restaurant office and could have removed the cash from the premises for legitimate reasons. The defendants also cite the discrepancy between the amount of money shown by the State's evidence to have been on the premises at the time of the theft and the amount indicated in the defendants' confessions. It appeared from Lawson's testimony that nearly $1,100 should have been in the restaurant office at the close of business on November 7. The defendants said in their confessions, however, that they and the third person implicated in the matter, Phillips, each received equal shares approximating $180, which would indicate that only $540 was taken from the restaurant.
Furthermore, the defendants challenge the strength of the evidence of their confessions. At trial, the defendants denied making the statements attributed to them by the police, and the defendants contend that the testimony detailing their statements lacked credibility. In this regard, the defendants note that the second police officer who was present during the interrogation of James Furby was not called to *430 testify at trial, and that after James was interrogated, the officers waited more than a week before questioning Thomas Furby. In addition, the defendants point to the evidence that Lawson did not terminate either defendant's employment, even after he signed the criminal complaint charging them with the present offense. The defendants infer from that circumstance that Lawson himself did not actually believe that the defendants were responsible for the theft.
A reviewing court will not set aside a conviction on grounds of insufficient evidence unless the proof is so improbable or unsatisfactory that there exists a reasonable doubt of the defendant's guilt. (People v. Collins (1985), 106 Ill.2d 237, 261, 87 Ill.Dec. 910, 478 N.E.2d 267; People v. Williams (1982), 93 Ill.2d 309, 315, 67 Ill. Dec. 97, 444 N.E.2d 136; People v. Vriner (1978), 74 Ill.2d 329, 342, 24 Ill.Dec. 530, 385 N.E.2d 671.) As we have previously stated, "It is not our function to retry a defendant when considering a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence of his guilt. (Collins, 106 Ill.2d at 261 [87 Ill.Dec. 910, 478 N.E.2d 267].) Rather, determinations of the credibility of witnesses, the weight to be given to their testimony, and the reasonable inferences to be drawn from the evidence are responsibilities of the trier of fact. (People v. Brisbon (1985), 106 Ill.2d 342, 360, [88 Ill.Dec. 87, 478 N.E.2d 402].)" (People v. Jimerson (1989), 127 Ill.2d 12, 43, 129 Ill.Dec. 124, 535 N.E.2d 889.) "`[T]he relevant question is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.' * * * `Once a defendant has been found guilty of the crime charged, the factfinder's role as weigher of the evidence is preserved through a legal conclusion that upon judicial review all of the evidence is to be considered in the light most favorable to the prosecution.' (Emphasis in original.)" Collins, 106 Ill.2d at 261, 87 Ill.Dec. 910, 478 N.E.2d 267, quoting Jackson v. Virginia (1979), 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L.Ed.2d 560, 573.
Applying those principles to the case at bar, we conclude that the evidence is sufficient to sustain the defendants' convictions. The defendants, in their confessions, admitted their participation in the offense charged; additional evidence confirmed the defendants' accounts of the manner in which the crime was committed. The jurors were made aware of the circumstances under which the defendants gave their statements, as well as the circumstances surrounding the defendants' continued employment at the restaurant. It was the jury's function to resolve the conflicting testimony. (People v. Young (1989), 128 Ill.2d 1, 51, 131 Ill.Dec. 78, 86, 538 N.E.2d 453, 461.) The jurors were free to credit the testimony of the investigating officers, to accept as true their accounts of the defendants' interrogations, and to accept as true the contents of the statements themselves. Viewing all the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, we cannot say that the defendants were not proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
Defendant Thomas Furby was tried on the present charge as an accomplice, and he raises the further argument that the evidence failed to establish his accountability for the offense. He asserts that the record at most establishes his presence at the crime scene and his subsequent awareness of the commission of the offense. Thomas concludes that those circumstances are not an adequate basis for accomplice liability.
An accused may be accountable for the conduct of another person if, "[e]ither before or during the commission of an offense, and with the intent to promote or facilitate such commission, he solicits, aids, abets, agrees or attempts to aid, such other person in the planning or commission of the offense." (Ill.Rev.Stat.1987, ch. 38, par. 5-2(c).) Although mere presence at the scene of an offense is not by itself sufficient to sustain a conviction on an accountability theory (People v. Reid (1990), 136 Ill.2d 27, 61, 143 Ill.Dec. 239, 554 N.E.2d 174; People v. Ruiz (1982), 94 Ill.2d 245, 256, 68 Ill.Dec. 890, 447 N.E.2d 148), an accused may be deemed accountable for acts performed by another pursuant to a *431 common plan or purpose (People v. J.H. (1990), 136 Ill.2d 1, 17, 143 Ill.Dec. 889, 554 N.E.2d 961; People v. Allen (1974), 56 Ill.2d 536, 541, 309 N.E.2d 544).
In the present case, Thomas Furby's statement to the police showed that he knew in advance of the planned theft, that he was present during the commission of the offense, and that he shared equally in the division of the proceeds. Although Thomas insisted in his statement that he was given the money so that he would remain silent about the matter, the jury was free to infer from the attendant circumstances that Thomas was in fact a participant in the scheme and that he received a portion of the proceeds for having served as a lookout. (Cf. People v. Morgan (1977), 67 Ill.2d 1, 9, 7 Ill.Dec. 69, 364 N.E.2d 56 (defendant's receipt of proceeds of robbery supports inference of his participation in offense).) While accountability is not limited to instances in which the offense charged is committed in accordance with a preconceived plan (see People v. Perez (1985), 108 Ill.2d 70, 82-83, 90 Ill.Dec. 932, 483 N.E.2d 250; People v. Tyler (1979), 78 Ill.2d 193, 196-97, 35 Ill.Dec. 686, 399 N.E.2d 975), such circumstances are, of course, an adequate ground on which to base a finding of guilt (see People v. Ruiz (1982), 94 Ill.2d 245, 255-56, 68 Ill.Dec. 890, 447 N.E.2d 148). We therefore conclude that the evidence was sufficient to sustain Thomas Furby's conviction.
III
For the reasons stated, the judgment of the appellate court is reversed, and the judgment of the circuit court of Du Page County is affirmed. Because of its resolution of the action, the appellate court did not consider several additional issues raised by the defendants on appeal. We therefore remand the cause to the appellate court for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
Appellate court reversed; circuit court affirmed; cause remanded.
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Crowned By Dems, Harp Lauds Husband’s Legacy
by Paul Bass | Jul 23, 2013 9:09 pm
(43) Comments | Commenting has been closed | E-mail the Author
Posted to: Campaign 2013
Accepting her party’s endorsement to become New Haven’s first-ever female mayor, Toni Harp Tuesday night tackled head on the biggest obstacle so far to reaching City Hall: the legacy of her late husband Wendell. Harp (pictured) took the surprise step in what was otherwise an unsurprising event: her coronation by the Democratic Party establishment. The event was the Democratic Town Committee’s (DTC) convention. It took place at Career High School. As expected, the DTC overwhelmingly gave its official endorsement to Harp, a 10-term state senator running for mayor against four other Democrats. The vote was 52 to 4 to 2. Justin Elicker picked up the 4 votes, Henry Fernandez the 2. The vote means Harp will automatically receive a spot on the Sept. 10 Democratic primary and have the money and organizational power of the party establishment behind her. Thus concluded phase one of this year’s mayoral race, the most interesting contest in decades now that 20-year incumbent John DeStefano is retiring. Phase two begins Wednesday, as Harp’s opponents begin seeking to collect the 2,406 signatures needed from registered Democrats to win a spot on the primary ballot. Before sending her supporters onto the street, Harp spoke at length in her acceptance speech about a topic that has dogged her in recent weeks: criticisms from two of her opponents, Fernandez and Kermit Carolina, about her family’s real-estate business. Harp’s husband, architect and black political powerbroker Wendell Harp, a controversial figure in New Haven, built up that business over four decades and ran it until his death in 2011. Harp’s son Matthew now runs it. Fernandez and Carolina have criticized her for a $1 million state tax debt her husband’s business incurred after fighting a losing battle over disputed fees; for an empty house her husband owned in Bethany that the family uses occasionally for parties; and for conditions at one of the business’s properties in the Hill. Read about all that here, here and here. Toni Harp didn’t address the specifics of those criticisms in her address Tuesday night. Rather she spoke about her husband—not just defending him or her relationship to him, but praising him and describing their relationship in more depth and with more passion than ever before in her 26 years in elected office. Unlike some other politicians, Harp hesitates to reveals much about herself—either about her personal life or feelings, or about her accomplishments in life, preferring to discuss policies she and other Democrats have pursed as a group at the legislature. Tuesday night’s speech may reveal a recognition that running for mayor requires a different approach. It almost felt like she was introducing herself to Democrats who have voted for her religiously since 1987, the year she became an alderwoman, or 1992, the year she won her State Senate seat. “Too often in campaigns, ugliness seeps into the public debate, and this year is no exception. As most of you know, I have been a widow for the last year and a half. Because Wendell isn’t here to defend himself, I feel I need to say a few things about him,” Harp said. “Wendell was a loving husband and a great father to our three children. He was a brilliant architect. In his 20s, he was a pioneer, creating the Black Workshop and hiring many of our New Haven residents. His legacy of service can be seen as you look around this auditorium and as you look at this school, which he designed. Wendell was a community and political activist who loved and was committed to this city. A man of faith he devoted himself to his church and neighborhood. Wendell loved New Haven. “Wendell and I had an agreement. We did not share careers. I stayed out of his business and took no part in it, and in turn he kept out of my politics and policy decisions. My successes are mine, his successes were his—my challenges were mine, his challenges were his. There were matters that we did not discuss. “But the one thing we always shared was our love for each other, our boundless love for our children, our pride in their accomplishments through the years, and our hopes that each would grow up and have healthy and happy families of their own.” Harp also revealed a painful episode from her childhood: contracting polio at 4 years old and having “to spend a whole year breathing with the help of an ‘iron lung.’” She told the story in the third person, and tied it into her quest for elected office. Click the play arrow to watch a sample. “A bulky noisy machine surrounded her entire body for hours at a time and forced her to breathe by compressing and decompressing her lungs, every breath was a struggle, every breath was a fight. She wasn’t expected to live ... and if she did, she wasn’t expected to ever walk again. “Thankfully, through the help of her doctors, the love of her parents, and her own resilience, she got better. And when she got out of that machine, she taught herself to walk again. This experience taught her not just how precious life is, but that, despite whatever challenges in life she might face, she would never allow anyone to define her by her circumstances and obstacles but by her ability to overcome them. “I am that little girl. And I stand before you tonight. I learned that, with the love of your family and the support of your community, you can do anything. As I got older, I learned that, with a quality education, you can be anything. And as an alderwoman and your state senator, I learned that, working together with people from all walks of life, whatever their background, race, color, gender, and age, we can achieve anything.” The crowd of hundreds, filling about two-thirds of the drearily lit, cavernous Career High auditorium, roared and waved Harp’s campaign placards, as it did throughout the evening. Except for two rows of Fernandez supporters and a scattering of Elicker backers, this was Harp’s house for the night. Fernandez stayed in the hall while the endorsement vote took place, then left before Harp’s acceptance speech. “There’s a lot of nice folks on the Democratic Town Committee,” he said on his way out. “But they represent 60 votes. We’re now moving to the process when the campaign really begins and we’ll focus on the thousands of votes in the city. I talk to voters every day. What I hear consistently is they want a mayor who has the vision and the integrity and experience to do the job on Day One.” Elicker did sit through Harp’s speech before leaving. His campaign later released a statement. It, too, described Tuesday’s night vote as representing just 60 votes in a party of some 49,000 registered voters—60 Democratic ward co-chairs “elected through an opaque, extremely low-turnout series of votes controlled largely by political insiders.” “My campaign is not and has never been about winning the support of old school powerbrokers in the smoke-filled back rooms of New Haven politics,” the release quotes Elicker as saying. “Instead, my campaign is about restoring community participation in and influence over government. As a grassroots candidate, it is fitting that I will be a grassroots nominee.“ Democratic candidate Sundiata Keitazulu attended as well. Candidate Carolina did not attend the convention. Neither candidate was nominated.
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posted by: HewNaven on July 23, 2013 9:25pm 60 votes in a party of some 49,000 registered voters—60 Democratic ward co-chairs “elected through an opaque, extremely low-turnout series of votes controlled largely by political insiders. Well said.
posted by: reality ck on July 23, 2013 9:30pm So happy to hear Harp received the nomination, it shows just how much of the democratic town committee has been bought by the unions. Further, how responsible those unions are for their representatives. Lets look at the fine example set by Fair Haven Alderman Gabe Santiago. Where was Laura Kennington then? How many apologies have been heard from her on that mistake?
Interesting that Harp insists on stating that the state tax debt was her husbands and now that the business belongs to her son, it has somehow become his responsibility, yet during the debate about a week ago, Harp clearly stated her family’s business, leaving the statement to linger until she corrected herself.
Congratulations to all the tax payers in the city of New Haven, you’ve just been sold by the very people you’ve voted into office!
posted by: cp06 on July 23, 2013 9:31pm Still completely undecided. But I am starting to think that Fernandez really is worth a look and somehow his campaign is not doing the best at getting his message out.
posted by: robn on July 23, 2013 9:31pm Bunk to Harp’s claim of ignorance. As recently as 2009, Wendell Harp’s business doings were filed in Sen Harp’s financial disclosures. http://www.ctmirror.org/sites/default/files/financial disclosures/Harp, Toni_5-1-2010 4-54-29 PM.pdf WE PAY OUR RENT
WE PAY OUR TAXES
WHY DOESN’T THE HARP FAMILY?
posted by: AverageTaxpayer on July 23, 2013 9:33pm The patronage wing of the Democratic Party was out in full force, hungry and clamoring to be fed. It will be interesting to see if Elicker’s combination of good-government types and frustrated taxpayers can mount a real challenge to Toni in the fall. Does New Haven really want more of the same?
posted by: TheMadcap on July 23, 2013 9:51pm The chosen one has been anointed!
posted by: NHisCONFUSED on July 23, 2013 9:57pm My father Died, My mother was forced to pay my father’s debt in taxes. Only difference from Harp and my mother is Harp is a State Senator. DeStefano did 20 years as a career politician. Harp is in her 22nd year as a career politician. People WAKE UP PLEASE!!!! We need change in this city. Vote for anyone but HARP. If you want true checks and balances you will see my point. This town committee is thinking for their own better interests.. VOTE ELICKER OR CAROLINA for true change. Don’t sell our city out with Harp. I love our City too much to see it fall to the greed of a irresponsible, career politician.
posted by: Noteworthy on July 23, 2013 10:16pm “Ugliness seeps into a campaign,” said Harp. It’s not ugliness - it’s the truth and Harp just finds that ugly.
posted by: Carrie Washington on July 23, 2013 10:44pm How quickly folks forget how bad things felt in the city two years ago - unemployment crisis, record high murders, hopelessness about the future. Now DeStefano is gone…lots of new leaders are leading in the CIty and all commenters can do is complain. I never comment because unless its about bikes or something all that ever gets written is negative. I am voting for Toni Harp because she is a leader, with a track record, with integrity, and with compassion.
posted by: New Haven Urbanism Career High School doesn’t look like a school, it looks like a some sort of medical building related to Yale New Haven Hospital. Furthermore, 2 blocks of housing were unnecessarily demolished to make room for it - strikingly similar to what was done a decade later for the John Daniels School on Congress Avenue (John Daniels grew up across town in Elm Haven and his connection to Congress Avenue is likely nonexistent).
posted by: anon123newhaven on July 23, 2013 10:58pm A “coronation?” Do you know what a coronation means? It means the act of crowning a monarch. What part of this was a coronation? What a loaded and misleading term. Also, once again you write in the passive voice to avoid attribution: “As expected, the DTC overwhelmingly gave its official endorsement to Harp…” WHO expected this? You? The Harp campaign? The people of New Haven, with whom you presumably spoke extensively in order to come to this determination? This is intellectually and journalistically dishonest.
posted by: THREEFIFTHS on July 23, 2013 11:29pm This is why we must get rid of these Town Committee’s.The genius of the Town Committee’s is to create the illusion of political choice in elections.Those that vote seem incapable of understanding this.By keeping people focused on rooting for one team or the other,the behind the scenes rulers ensure their invisibility and power.Illusion creates the delusion of Americans that voting in elections will deliver political reforms, despite a long history of politicians lying in campaigns about reforms, new directions and bold new policies.The rulers need power shifting between the teams to maintain popular trust in the political system. Voting manifests that trust—as if changing people will fix the system.It doesn’t. So voters become co-conspirators in the grand political criminal conspiracy. Those who vote for Democrats or Republicans perpetuate the corrupt, dishonest and elitist plutocracy that preferentially serves the interests of the Upper Class and a multitude of special interests some aligned with the Republicans and some with the Democrats.We must get rid of town Committee’s Now and go to a system where the people pick the people who they want to run.
posted by: Gretchen Pritchard on July 23, 2013 11:32pm Why was Ted Kennedy Jr. there?
posted by: Scot on July 23, 2013 11:42pm It’s fine if a husband and wife want to keep their careers separate. But I still can’t believe we are considering electing someone as our mayor who’s spouse has the single largest uncollected tax debt in the whole state. As a public figure, shouldn’t you take it upon yourself to get involved if your spouse’s business isn’t paying it’s taxes? to the tune of hundreds of thousands of dollars? and you’re a state senator who is planning to run for mayor?
The fact that she would think it’s acceptable to turn a blind eye to it makes me seriously question her leadership. Even if she didn’t speak with her husband regularly about each other’s businesses (odd), she must have been aware of the mounting tax debt. The tax bill is still outstanding. Why not take care of it and then run for mayor? She may want to keep it personal but if she’s running for mayor and asking for our votes, we deserve to question it. If the family is appealing it, tell us why they think the bill is erroneous or why they shouldn’t pay it. For her to say, “I’m not going to talk about it” makes me seriously question how transparent she would be as a mayor.
posted by: Curious on July 24, 2013 7:01am Why answer tough questions when you ca spin spin spin and re-frame the whole thing? Kermit and Henry need to let the Renaissance Management thing lay for a few days while they dig up more details, then SLAM it back out there into the public consciousness.
posted by: Christopher Schaefer The kind of government we can expect if Harp becomes mayor: govt. controlled by entrenched political insiders, higher taxes to pay-off her cronies and to fund the massive expansion of unnecessary, archaic, duplicate govt. services she has in store—solely to provide govt. jobs for her supporters, e.g. “mobile city halls”—to replace the internet. Maybe we should go totally retro and set up tin can telephones at each street corner, connected directly to city hall: http://www.lovemyscience.com/tincanphone.html But if Harp DOES become mayor, we’ll soon follow in the footsteps of Detroit. And perhaps this resultant implosion of New Haven will be what it finally takes to recreate a govt. of the people, by the people and for the people. And now, I’d like to ask you all to “hold hands and breathe together”. Smell the growing stench? So do I…
posted by: Atwater on July 24, 2013 8:17am Harp is a career politician who made a calculated political speech. New Haven will continue to suffer if another career politician is elected as mayor. She [Harp] has done little for the city while she’s been in Hartford; her greatest accomplishment has been winning elections and sitting in a chair and getting paid to do so. If New Haven desires real change and substantive growth then Harp is not the way to go.
posted by: Noteworthy on July 24, 2013 9:14am anon123: There is nothing misleading about calling Harp’s nomination, a coronation. She has been in politics for more than a generation. She has been part of the DTC and supporting unions during all of that time. She has voted to raise taxes, increase state employment and add more layers of welfare than anybody can count for all those years. Nearly all the rubberstampers on the BOA, past and present, endorsed her and of course, it was all stage managed by the unions, the heads of which live in low cost communities, safe and snug from the realities of life in New Haven. Any watcher of politricks, of crowd manipulation, knows this was coming. It was never in doubt. To think otherwise, is well, you don’t really want me to say what I think.
posted by: Wikus van de Merwe on July 24, 2013 9:15am Who are the democratic committee members, how did each of them vote, and can we unelect them in November along with all the alderman who are lining up to kiss our new Queen’s ring?
posted by: anonymous on July 24, 2013 9:40am Carrie: Facts are facts, and have nothing to do with “negative” comments. We are still at record high unemployment levels and murder levels. Take out the random noise and New Haven is still averaging 10 murders every 6 months, as we have for the past five years. If you think that the murder rate has been cut, then you should consider taking a middle school level statistics course. We will continue to see these problems until major structural change takes place. The city must stop exporting all of its money and jobs to politically connected individuals who live in the suburbs and finance the Harp campaign. Because of terrible budgeting decisions by the existing Democratic leadership, including decisions at the State level under Harp/Looney, we now have fewer summer jobs for youth, far fewer parks maintenance workers, and fewer bus trips each day, even though these are precisely the things that would help our city’s disadvantaged areas. Incidentally, there are many pricey Democratic fundraisers scheduled at the homes of suburban residents this weekend.
posted by: HhE on July 24, 2013 9:50am I really like how Sen. Harp has built such a consensus—of scorn, contempt, and slight regard.
posted by: Dwightstreeter on July 24, 2013 10:05am Before collective amnesia sets in, it needs to be part of the public record that Elicker’s defeat of Allan Brison, his predecessor as Alderman, was made possible by Mayor Destefano and the resources he made available to Elicker in his campaign. Reps from the Parks Dept. showed up to do presentations of plans for neighborhood meetings and promises were made for improvemnts. What unelected candidate has that kind of clout in a typical campaign? It was an open secret that Destefano had people at City Hall assisting Elicker, although the campaign adopted the appearance of independence from the machine.
Elicker’s votes to allow Yale to build the School of Money aka Management, a building generally regarded as ugly, arrogant and out of scale for the community, plus his vote to allow a zoning change that allowed a project to proceed, despite a pending court challenge, certainly hint that on big things Elicker will go with the establishment, while giving a nod to people who want sidewalks or bike lanes. Was there a flip-flop on selling the sidewalks to Yale? You decide.
Maybe a fact checker out there will review his voting record on the Board of Aldermen, including his committee votes, and report the record.
Any one can claim to be independent, especially in an election year.
posted by: streever I’m sorry, did Harp articulate a platform or a single policy idea, or just tell her personal story? Story Corps is a wonderful NPR program. I suggest she and one of the young wunderkinds running her campaign team up and record her story for them. While it is inspirational, I think it is deceptive and dishonest of the Unite Here folks to stand behind her after all the promises they’ve made to the communities of New Haven. Harp hasn’t articulated any concrete ideas or proposals. Yes, you can pick the “obvious” winner (anon123newhaven did anyone honestly expect she wouldn’t win last night?), and you can hope that—if they win—the crumbs trickle down to you, but it is intellectually dishonest to pretend that she has a political platform. So long as she campaigns on being a child who survived polio, or a widow, or a loving neighbor, she is going to see that campaign record attacked. This is reality. If you campaign on your personal life, it will be part of your campaign, and your opponents will attack it.
posted by: Dwightstreeter on July 24, 2013 10:35am Streever:
Read the research in “The Political Brain”.
Voters are more influenced by emotion than programs.
If voters don’t connect emotionally with a candidate or politician, the message isn’t received in a way that influences the person to actually vote or act on an idea.
Still, you are right to expect specifics.
posted by: Indigo on July 24, 2013 10:43am To summarize Harp’s “defense” of her husband: we had a private deal and I am in a position of power, so he should be immune from public critique. No wonder the unions, contractors, and political PACs are lining up to support her. All they have to do is strike their own private deals in the form of campaign contributions and other favors, and they can do whatever they want under a Harp administration! It’s wrong not to pay your taxes, plain and simple. When a public servant turns a blind eye to this behavior, particularly within one’s own family, it amounts to cronyism (see definition on the New Haven Electables Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=548628565200459&set=a.549233728473276.1073741832.483138888416094&type=3&theater;). @cp06: Fernandez has the best-funded, slickest messaging machine of all the candidates. But it falls flat because it’s opaque and dishonest. Fernandez is just as compromised as Harp. If he was a true “progressive” he would be participating in the democracy fund and an active partner for change in at least his own neighborhood. We independent-minded New Haveners are pinning our hopes on Justin Elicker. He has great ideas and listens to the ideas of others. We can trust him and he works incredibly hard. He can win, but only with lots of grassroots people power. I’m pitching in. How about you?
posted by: robn on July 24, 2013 10:49am DWIGHTSTREETER, What Elicker DIDN’T do (and Harp did), is live in a mansion for free because her benefactors evaded taxes to the tune of $1,000,000 while renting decrepit apartments to poor people.
posted by: anonymous on July 24, 2013 11:04am Dwightstreeter: Fernandez, Harp, Elicker, and Carolina all seem to agree on what one of the top priorities is for our city (and for our entire state): We need to add much more density to our city center. The new Management School is well designed, and while there are a few flaws, it generally supports its surrounding transportation systems. It is just the kind of thing that New Haven needs more of. In fact, Yale should have built the new SOM to be twice as large as it is. As soon as it opens, Yale is going to wish that it had expanded more quickly. I would like to see Yale fill the other side of Whitney Avenue with much, much larger academic structures of at least 12 stories. Clearly a few of the beautiful historic pockets like Dwight Street, Spireworth, Hillhouse, and Wooster Square should be preserved, but most of our city center and its many parking lots need to be replaced by more six-story housing blocks, thirty story towers, and large office complexes. In the short term, we need to add 30,000 more housing units and at least 15,000,000 square feet of new business space to our downtown. Design issues should be addressed by making the “rules” and zoning better and more predictable. Then:
1) Frivolous lawsuits by neighboring property owners like those on Howe Street should be immediately dismissed,
2) Our current Aldermen who are on the UNITE HERE payroll and request unethical “tit for tats” with city developers should be voted out of office, and
3) New buildings should be fast-tracked.
posted by: HewNaven on July 24, 2013 12:03pm The ward committee process is a sham. How are members selected? How does voting happen? Who chairs the meeting and selects the co-chairs? Whats the average age and length of service?
posted by: TheWizard on July 24, 2013 12:11pm The options in this election are crystallizing; 1) Same old machine backed system that sucks money and resources out of the city - sending much of it to connected people and businesses in the suburbs. (Harp/Fernandez) or 2) A new plan where city government serves the people - not big donors - and changes are put in place to stop our march towards becoming the next Detroit. The question remains; has the machine growth to such a size and scope that it cannot be stopped? Stay tuned….
posted by: A Contrarian on July 24, 2013 1:06pm RE: Ted Kennedy, Jr.
He’s “Making History”—1st AA Woman Mayor! Yay!
[Feel good, just don’t think.]
RE: Density/Yale, etc.
Anonymous, have you read the Yale Master Plan? 100+ pages, can be downloaded.
posted by: ISR on July 24, 2013 1:11pm “Westville co-chair Mike Slattery nominated Elicker then abided by his ward committee’s wishes and voted to endorse Harp.” Guess I won’t be seeing him at the next Profiles in Courage awards ceremony. And I’m heading to city hall to pay my property taxes. Will I be seeing anyone there with a check for the taxes on Harp’s million dollar residence? Funny how she praises her husband’s legacy while on the other side of her mouth says she knows nothing about it.
posted by: Edward Whalley HCJ on July 24, 2013 3:08pm Last night in her nominating speech, Honda Smith referred introduced Toni Harp as “the mirror-image of the virtuous woman.” That, dear voters of New Haven is precisely the problem. Toni Harp lives in a massive house built on the income of her late husband’s property empire and tax avoidance schemes. And then she claims no knowledge or involvement with those business dealings. That is not virtue. That is not integrity. To be willfully ignorant is no better than direct involvement. It is plain and simple a complete abdication of responsibility. Justin Elicker worked directly with residents and businesses in Cedar Hill to successfully oppose drug dealing and prostitution at an illegal rooming house owned by another notorious property owner. He did not claim it was someone’s else responsibility. He simply rolled up his sleeves worked with others to solve the problem. That is the type of leadership New Haven deserves. That is the choice in this election. I’m supporting Justin Elicker for Mayor. Won’t you join me.
posted by: New Haven Urbanism “The democratization of city politics had taken a decisive turn in 1845, near the beginning of serious capitalist development, when property requirement for voting was repealed. Two distinct versions of urban community were thereby set in perpetual competition with one another. One, the older and less democratic, defined the political community by material stakeholding - by property ownership, by business investment, by the commitment of fixed economic assets to the place and to its tax rolls. The other defined the community by reference to residence - the commitment of one’s person, and her family, to the city constituted the defining act of membership. These two conceptions have been in tension since long before 1845, but it was not until then that their rivalry became a palpable fact of routine politics. On the first idea, the city’s interest and that of its property holders are more or less the same; on the second, the city’s interest and those of all its residents are more or less the same. The challenge of urban politics and policy - and of mayoral leadership - is to find key ways to protect and nurture business interests and at the same time protect the shared interests of a democratic city.”
-Douglas W. Rae “City: Urbanism and Its End” (Yale University Press, 2003) pp. 185-186 Harp and Fernandez represent the older, less democratic urban community that is defined by the where or how one receives a paycheck - that’s people who have contracts with the city or work in the city, most of who live in the suburbs. Elicker and Carolina represent the more democratic urban community that is defined by place of residence.
posted by: HenryCT on July 24, 2013 3:39pm “Democratic Party establishment.”
Paul, what is a party establishment? Two years ago there was an electoral upset of the political establishment in New Haven, the Democratic Party as run by John DeStefano and Susie Voigt. They and their candidates lost. And now those who upset the establishment are in just two years the new establishment? How many of the ward co-chairs are new to the “establishment?”
How many of the alders are new to the “establishment?”
Have you ever investigated who these nearly 90 people are and where they come from? Would that help you to determine what constitutes an establishment and if they belong? What your story left out from Toni Harp’s speech is the list of accomplishments she spoke about (always “together with others”): Husky for those without healthcare, more widely available vaccinations for children, dealing with recidivism, creating affordable housing, dealing with childhood obesity, asthma, AIDS and lead poisoning, helping save the Sound, preventing use of the dirty English station, increasing awareness of environmental justice. Finally, for those who endlessly criticize the Democratic Party, and there is indeed great cause for criticism, here’s a challenge: Instead of constant carping, come up with a better solution - a mass-based, progressive and activist political party - and make it happen.
posted by: robn on July 24, 2013 4:51pm HENRYCT, You forgot Harp’s accomplishment of leaving every single CT citizen $40,000 in debt; the highest per capita debt in the nation by a factor of 2.
posted by: A Contrarian on July 24, 2013 5:40pm Having a Republican, or even perhaps two, around for the next few years would be a worthy experiment. At least as worthy as “making history with the first AA woman mayor.” Unfortunately, in New Haven, as Comrade Stalin said, “We prefer one party.”
posted by: Curious on July 24, 2013 6:46pm I’m actually getting bored of this. Harp spins some weak populist blather, residents question and criticize, the same five or six (usually union) people fire back some drivel or whine that Harp is being “bullied” and that it’s not fair, and so on. Bring on the election. Let’s see who can bring it on vote day.
posted by: sunshine44 on July 24, 2013 8:56pm Dwightstreeter, you are absolutely incorrect. Justin did not want, ask for, or get support in his race for Ward 10 Alderman from anyone other than from the individuals in Ward 10. You should get your facts straight before posting. Justin will be a mayor who will represent every single individual of New Haven, as he has done so in Ward 10. He is a fresh change for New Haven, and is the only candidate who will truly represent and do the most for New Haven citizens, both in the short term and the long term. That is the mayor that New Haven needs and deserves.
posted by: Christopher Schaefer Contrarian: “Having a Republican, or even perhaps two, around for the next few years would be a worthy experiment.” It also would provide the kind of balance that is essential to break up New Haven’s entrenched cronyism, which serves the interests of no one but the elite insiders. Without some “alternative viewpoint” on the Board of Aldermen, it ultimately won’t matter who wins the mayoral race, because La Machine still will be calling all the shots with minimal resistance. And ultimately all New Haven residents will continue to be the losers. See my comments here http://www.newhavenindependent.org/index.php/archives/entry/republicans_find_four_candidates/ and here http://www.newhavenindependent.org/index.php/archives/entry/andry_ross_garbage/
posted by: streever HenryCT Political machines aren’t about individuals: they are self-sustaining groups which can see players shuffled in or out. The “Establishment” is still-as it was—run by the same people who have been in office for 20 years. Do you not know of Jorge Perez? What about Bob Proto? Jackie James, who has warmed a chair at City Hall for a decade? Gwen Mills, who doesn’t get in the public eye much, but has been a part of Democratic politics in New Haven for almost 15 years? These individuals haven’t gone anywhere, although some of them may not make the papers every day—they are still here, still making decisions, and still operating in an opaque and obscured machine. While DeStefano may be gone, the machine is still there, still ticking away, still making deals, still trading openness for secrecy.
posted by: A Contrarian on July 25, 2013 1:58pm Christopher Schaefer: New Haven Dems sing the old song of “Diversity” that never seems to apply to diversity of ideas or “alternative viewpoints.”
posted by: A Contrarian on July 25, 2013 7:14pm robn: Per capita income will likely remain flat for a while, but I’d wager that the $40,000 debt is sure to increase.
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Catalyst advance could lead to economical fuel cells
Researchers at Washington State University have developed a new way to make low-cost, single-atom catalysts for fuel cells - an advance that could make important clean energy technology more economically viable. Their work is published in the Advanced Energy Materials journal.
Hydrogen fuel cells are critical for the clean energy economy as they are more than two times as efficient at creating electricity than polluting combustion engines. Their only waste product is water.
However, the high price of the platinum-based catalysts that are used for the chemical reaction in fuel cells significantly hinders their commercialization.
Instead of the rare platinum, researchers would like to use nonprecious metals, such as iron or cobalt. But reactions with these abundantly available metals tend to stop working after a short time.
"Low-cost catalysts with high activity and stability are critical for the commercialization of the fuel cells." said Qiurong Shi, postdoctoral researcher in the School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (MME) and a co-first author on the paper.
Recently, researchers have developed single-atom catalysts that work as well in the laboratory setting as using precious metals. The researchers have been able to improve the stability and activity of the nonprecious metals by working with them at the nanoscale as single-atom catalysts.
In this new work, the WSU research team, led by Yuehe Lin, an MME professor, used iron or cobalt salts and the small molecule glucosamine as precursors in a straightforward high temperature process to create the single-atom catalysts. The process can significantly lower the cost of the catalysts and could be easily scaled up for production.
The iron-carbon catalysts they developed were more stable than commercial platinum catalysts. They also maintained good activity and didn't become contaminated, which is often a problem with common metals.
"This process has many advantages," said Chengzhou Zhu, a first author on the paper who developed the high temperature process. "It makes large-scale production feasible, and it allows us to increase the number and boost the reactivity of active sites on the catalyst."
Lin's group collaborated on the project with Scott Beckman, an MME associate professor at WSU, as well as with researchers at Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory and Brookhaven National Laboratory for materials characterization.
"The advanced materials characterization user facility at the national laboratories revealed the single-atom sites and active moieties of the catalysts, which led to the better design of the catalysts," said Lin.
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Moscow — A Russian court has overturned a guilty verdict that saw a transgender woman sentenced to three years in prison last year for sharing several erotic Japanese manga-style drawings featuring nude cartoon characters on social media. The conviction was denounced by human rights advocates who feared for her safety if she was sent to a men's prison.
An undated personal photo shows Michelle, a transgender Russian woman who has been jailed on child pornography charges. Family photo
The 53-year-old woman, known among friends as Michelle, has been undergoing hormone therapy for a couple years but is still legally male, so would have been sent to a men's prison had the sentence not been thrown out. She was freed Wednesday from a local detention facility for men after an upper court ruled in favor of her appeal, her legal advisor said in comments posted online.
Michelle was convicted last November in her hometown, the provincial city of Bryansk, about 200 miles southwest of Moscow, on child pornography charges for sharing the cartoons on her personal VK page, a popular Russian equivalent of Facebook. The investigators said the images Michelle posted were used to "meet persons of non-traditional sexual orientation."
"The verdict has been canceled as unfair, the case was sent for a retrial," lawyer Maksim Olenichev, who was part of the defense team, said Wednesday. He linked the ruling to a large campaign organized by Russia's LGBTQ activists in support of Michelle.
It was not immediately clear on what grounds the Bryansk Regional Court had overturned the lower court's November verdict. Michelle is likely to face the same charges in her retrial, but under a different judge. The Bryansk court was expected to release a full report detailing its decision in the coming days.
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The lower court had convicted her of "distributing pornography depicting minors" for sharing the erotic cartoons. Investigators concluded that she had posted the images to "meet persons of non-traditional sexual orientation," according to the charges seen by CBS News.
When the charges were made public, Human Rights Watch called them "bogus," and friends and activists voiced concern that a men's prison could effectively make her three-year prison sentence a "death sentence."
"She will be either killed or heavily beaten there," predicted Lada Preobrazhenskaya, a trans blogger and friend of Michelle's who helped fight the charges. She cited the poor human rights record of Russia's prison system and low tolerance towards LGBTQ individuals among inmates, and Russians in general.
The defense team argued that no one had been defined as a victim in the case, as the depicted "minors" were cartoon characters whose legal age could not be established.
Michelle will remain free pending her retrial, per the ruling handed down on Wednesday.
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Q:
What will happen to the rank of a matrix?
Say $A$ is an $m\times n$ matrix having rank say $r$ and we obtain a matrix $B$ by changing one element of $A$, having rank say $s$. Then what can we say about the rank of $B$? Increase, decrease or remain same? How can we compare between $r$ and $s$?
Edit: Among the following which is/are possible?
$$s\leq r+1,~ r-1\leq s$$~or~$$s=r-1?$$
A:
For example, consider the matrix
$$
A = \pmatrix{1&0\\0&0}
$$
which has rank $1$. The new matrix
$$
B = \pmatrix{1&0\\0&1}
$$
has rank $2$. On the other hand, the new matrix
$$
B = \pmatrix{1&1\\0&0}
$$
also has rank $1$. On the other hand, the new matrix
$$
B = \pmatrix{0&0\\0&0}
$$
has rank $0$. So, there is no guarantee of what the rank will be, except to say that it will be within $1$ of the original.
As for your edit: the inequalities will always hold. $s = r-1$ is possible, but might not hold.
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It turns out there is a trick to have android give up more information about it.
What you do, is load the library yourself in onCreate() of your native activity class.
For this you use the System.load() call (and not the System.loadLibrary() call that the stackoverflow answer suggests.)
Unfortunately, you need to know where your test device has actually placed the .so file, but if you do something like this:
Hooray! Now we know which dependency is missing.
Note that in this specific example, it is of course an issue of not specifying the ES3 requirement in the manifest.
But this example is for illustration purposes only.
Originally, I was convinced that these errors were a case of not finding the library, because Android decided to append a "-1" or "-2" to the library name.
But this was a red herring.
The library is there all right.
The thing is, it has dependencies that are not met, and are not reported when it fails loading.
By the way, to check if your library is really there, you could issue a command like:
Thursday, November 24, 2016
You can test your Android apps on an Android Virtual Device, instead on actual mobile hardware.
If you emulate an ARM Android device, the performance will be low though.
For faster emulation, it is better to emulate an x86 Android device.
Step 1
Make sure your Intel CPU is capable of virtualization, and go into your BIOS settings to make sure the virtualization feature of your CPU is enabled.
You can also check from your command prompt by install cpu-checker package, and then run: sudo kvm-ok on the command line.
You should see the report 'KVM acceleration can be used.'
Step 2
Install the correct parts of the Android SDK. Run on the command line: 'android' and install for your desired target (I use API level 19) install the Intel x86 Atom System Image.
Step 3
Start the AVD tool. On the command line, execute 'android avd' to open the tool.
Step 4
Select Create Device.
Make sure to select Target: API level 19, and set the field CPU/ABI: Intel Atom (x86) as well.
If you are using Google APIs, like Google Play Services, you should select the ABI: Google APIs Intel Atom (x86) instead.
Don't forget to tick the Use Host GPU checkbox.
Step 5
Launch the virtual device by selecting 'Start' on the AVD tool.
Step 6
See if adb finds your virtual device with: 'adb devices' on the command line.
Note the serial number for your device.
Sunday, November 20, 2016
A year ago or so, I added shallow depth of field rendering to my render engine for Little Crane 2.
Because the details were getting vague, I had to refresh my mind.
To do this, I've charted the flow of my render steps.
I call them steps, not passes, because most of them involve rendering just four vertices for a full screen quad.
The actual passes are a shadow-map generation pass over the models (not shown) followed by the standard render pass (step 0) that renders into an off screen buffer.
Step 1, 2, 3 and 4 all render into their own off screen buffer, and the final step 5 renders to the screen/window.
In step 1, the input image is copied but in the alpha channel, a Circle-of-Confusion size is stored.
To calculate this size, the depth of the pixel is compared to the focal distance.
This CoC size is a signed value which controls the blurriness.
The value is 0.0 when it is perfectly in focus, it is -1 if it is in the foreground and requires maximum blur.
When it is +1, it is also maximally blurred, but this time because it is in the far background.
Intermediate results are for moderately blurred pixels.
In step 2, we simply down sample the input to half resolution (this increases blur sizes, and saves render cycles.
Not shown is that it also contains the down sampled alpha channel with CoC values.
In step 3 and 4 we blur the input with 7 taps. First in a horizontal direction, and later in a vertical direction.
This smears out the pixels over a 7x7 (49) pixel area with only 14 samples.
The blur algorithm requires some thought though: the weights of the samples need to be adapted to the situation.
This is because foreground pixels can be blurred over pixels that are in focus.
But background pixels cannot be blurred over the in-focus pixels, because the blurred background is occluded by the objects in focus.
In step 5, we simply mix the blurred and the sharp versions of the image based on the circle-of-confusion value.
If the pixel is in focus, no blurred pixels get mixed in.
If the pixel is in the far back or in the far front, only the blurred pixel makes it to the screen, and the value of the sharp pixel is mixed out.
Wednesday, November 2, 2016
In my upcoming title Children of Orc the largest computational load is from the GOAP action planner that the NPCs use. I found that simple plans would be found in a millisecond. But larger plans would really tax the CPU. Especially if no plan exists to reach the goal state, a lot of cycles would be consumed. Typically a few seconds on a mid range corei5 CPU. This means it would be prohibitively expensive to do on a mobile device, if I were to port the game to iOS or Android.
I profiled it with linux command line tools, as well with Xcode's Instruments tool.
Both showed that the cycles were spent in a linear search for the lowest cost node.
The search would iterate though up to 32K nodes to find the lowest 'f' value in an array of these structures:
struct astarnode
{
worldstate_t ws; //!< The state of the world at this node.
int g; //!< The cost so far.
int h; //!< The heuristic for remaining cost (don't overestimate!)
int f; //!< g+h combined.
const char* actionname; //!< How did we get to this node?
worldstate_t parentws; //!< Where did we come from?
};
Examining the assembly output of the linear search, I could not find anything wrong with the compiler's code.
The only bothersome issue was that all the 'f' values that were being compared were lying 160 bytes apart.
To give the CPU cache an easier time, I decided to store the data as a structure of arrays instead.
So now the search is performed on an array of ints, tightly packed, and no longer on an array of structures.
The result of this little exercise? A speed up of 2.7× which pleased me very much.
If in the future, more speed ups would be required, I could possibly store the values in a priority queue instead. But for now, this will do nicely.
Note that in my GOAP implementation I search with A* and the most common operations are testing for presence in CLOSED and OPEN sets. These have already been accelerated with hash sets, shifting the bottleneck of the search to the finding of the lowest cost node.
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Dermoids of the eustachian tube: CT and MR findings with histologic correlation.
Two patients with congenital dermoids of the eustachian tube presented with recurrent otitis media and chronic otorrhea resistant to antimicrobial therapy. CT demonstrated fat density, homogeneous lesions, filling and expanding the eustachian tube. On MR, signal from the lesions was consistent with fat, and the relationship with the internal carotid artery was better delineated than by CT. Microscopically, the masses consisted of a conglomeration of ectodermal and mesodermal elements.
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Entry DescriptionINDIANAPOLIS—The Indiana Senate unanimously passed a proposal today to expand tax benefits to those who serve in the military and their spouses. State Senator Lindel Hume (D-Princeton), a co-author of Senate Bill (SB) 165, noted the proposal aims to extend property tax deductions to families of deceased veterans and lift the value cap on current deductions.
“We need to make every effort to assist not only our veterans, but the families of those who have served,” Sen. Hume said. “This bill allows property tax deductions afforded to veterans to also transfer with the spouse should they move.”
In an effort to expand benefits to those who serve and their families, SB 165 would entitle the surviving spouse of a deceased veteran to a property tax deduction. Under this bill, the surviving spouse would be eligible so long as the veteran met the requirements for the deduction at the time of death and if the surviving spouse owns the property when the statement is filed. The bill would also give retroactive considerations to those seeking a deduction beginning March 2012. Additionally, SB 165 eliminates the value cap of property tax deduction for disabled veterans.
SB 165 passed unanimously out of the Senate Tax and Fiscal Policy Committee and was approved by the full Senate. The bill now moves on to the House of Representatives for further consideration.
Hume represents Indiana Senate District 48 which includes portions of Dubois, Gibson, Knox, Pike, Spencer and Warrick Counties. For more information on Sen. Hume his legislative agenda or other State Senate business call 1-800-382-9467 or visit www.IN.gov/S48.
After HoursAlerts and NotificationAnnouncementsCelebrationsDeadlinesFairs and ExhibitionsHoosier HistoryInitiativesKids and FamiliesLectures and DiscussionsMedia AdvisoryHearingsOral ArgumentsPerformancesMeetingsSeasonal EventsSeminars/WorkshopsState HolidaysPublic Service Opportunities
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Solving JVM Performance Problems with Profilers: Wallclock vs. CPU Time Edition - rlmw
https://www.opsian.com/blog/solving-performance-problems-with-profilers-wallclock-vs-cpu-time/
======
rlmw
I find most developers I've met don't notice the distinction between the two
types of time - I'd be interested to know whether people on HN have thought
about it much before?
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Video Bar
Saturday, February 14, 2009
All during 2008, Extreme Right Wing Conservative Blogger "Atlas Shrugs" has called for her readers to help her stop Barack Obama from becoming President of the USA, Osama Obama? Hat Tip - Atlas Shrugs 3/05/08 on "Atlas Shrugs", comments below from her site.
When neo-Nazi mutant David Duke went to Belgium to take part in a skinhead summit meeting (which included Nick Griffin of the BNP), his host for the weekend was a local council member of the Belgian Vlaams Belang party.
It appears that Filip Dewinter of VlaamsBelang and Dutch Parliment Member (MP) GeertWilders have hit the "conference" road together, where-ever Filip Dewinter and the VlaamsBelangNeo Nazi's show up so does GeertWilders. The people at the "Facing Jihad Conference " have been played by Racist GeertWilders, now showing his true Neo Nazi colors, suckers. From a recent Post on the "Little Green Footballs Blog",Atlas Shrugs' Pamela Geller Suddenly Outraged About Flogging..Blogosphere Mon, Jan 26, 2009 at 11:14:30 am PST......Pat Condell’s videos always get a good response at LGF, and since the so-called “anti-jihad movement” is currently melting down into a stinky puddle of white supremacism as leading writers and bloggers—including GeertWilders,apparently—make alliances with European fascist groups (VlaamsBelang), here’s a reminder that Condell’s position on this kind of revolting nonsense is closely aligned with ours. From a video Condell posted in 2007: And by the way, this has got nothing to do with immigration. Let me make this very clear. I welcome immigration to Britain, I think that within reason it’s a healthy thing for the economy, I think it’s a good thing for the country.This is about religion, and only about religion. So, to any white supremacist morons out therewho think that they can latch on to this video in the way they’ve attempted to with some of my previous videos, go and take a piss on a live electric rail. Because I’m not your friend, I’m your enemy, and I’m proud to be your enemy. Just as I’m proud to be the enemy of every creepy Islamofascist on this planet, because you people are two sides of the same coin (Neo Nazi's). And it’s an evil, worthless, poisonous currency that I want nothing to do with.Well said, as always.
Remember, this is the woman (Pamela Geller) who recently called for me (Charles Johnson) to be “publicly flogged,” because I won’t sign up with the fascists she’s shilling for, particularly the Belgian VlaamsBelang.And now, she’s deleted the post about GeertWilders, obviously realizing it made her look like an addled hypocrite.What does the VlaamsBelang Party, Racist Dutch MP GeertWilders, Neo Nazi's and the "Atlas Shrugs" Blog Have in Common, Everything !
SEARCH SITE BILL WARNER INVESTIGATIONS
The only way to stop a bad guy with a gun in Sarasota is a good guy with a gun in Sarasota Fl. I have obtained a Statewide Firearm 'G' License along with my Private Investigators License allows me to do Armed Body Guard work in any location in the state of Florida
Delmer Smith Serial Sexual Killer
‘They didn’t have to die’, beaten to death by a mad dog rapist who had roamed the Sarasota-Bradenton area for over 5 months robbing, beating, and raping defenseless women while his DNA sample sat in a FBI lab waiting to be processed.
Bill Warner President of Bill Warner Investigations Sarasota Fl we handle missing person cases, cheaters cases, surveillance of all kinds, child custody and international terrorism research. Bill Warner is also a Licensed Armed Security Officer in the State of Florida.
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# Arrays are ordered lists of objects.
array = ['zero', 'one', 'two']
# You access a given element by its index,
# beginning at zero
array[0] # => "zero"
array[1] # => "one"
array[2] # => "two"
# If you go past the end, you get back nil
array[3] # => nil
# Negative indexes backwards from the end
array[-1] # => "two"
array[-2] # => "one"
array[-3] # => "zero"
# Arrays know where the elements at their indexes are this
# means it is just as cheap to look up an element really
# deep as it is for an element right at the beginning.
array = (0...5000).to_a # the numbers 1 to 5k
# about half a second to access element at index 2500
start_time = Time.now
5_000_000.times { array[2500] }
Time.now - start_time # => 0.545612
# about half a second to access element at index 0
start_time = Time.now
5_000_000.times { array[0] }
Time.now - start_time # => 0.545922
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Representing the 15th District of Texas
You are here
WASHINGTON – Congressman Vicente Gonzalez (TX-15) has cosponsored H.R. 1017, the Removing Barriers to Colorectal Cancer Screening Act of 2017, in response to constituent and citizen requests from Seguin, Brownsville, Laredo and other parts of Texas.
“This legislation has the potential to remove a barrier to receiving life-saving preventative care, namely the fear of getting a bill,” Congressman Gonzalez said. “Assuring our Medicare recipients that services are indeed covered under the law, brings us one step closer to making sure more Americans get this important screening.”
According to recent studies conducted by the American Cancer Society, deaths from colorectal cancer have been declining for more than two decades, and this decline is affirmatively linked to screening including colonoscopies and other tests.
This bill simply eliminates unexpected costs for Medicare beneficiaries when a polyp is discovered and removed. By ensuring that unexpected copays do not deter a patient from having the screening perform, the policy will promote better healthcare decision making by individuals.
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Australia is singled out as a country with strong potential for new hydrogen production facilities in the latest World Energy Outlook, which paints an uncertain future for coal exports and strong projected growth for solar power.
The new stocktake from the International Energy Agency (IEA) says in resource-rich countries such as Australia, hydrogen facilities could be built to sit alongside solar photovoltaic and wind facilities. The report says under such a set-up, Australia “could provide nearly 100m tonnes of oil equivalent of hydrogen, equivalent to 3% of global gas consumption today.”
But the report also finds Australia is the only export-oriented country projected to ramp up coal production significantly over the next 20 years, with some signs the international coal market was more resilient than had been expected.
The report finds Australia’s coal production is projected to exceed that of the United States by the late-2020s, but investment in export-oriented coalmining remained subdued, because of “an uncertain market and policy environment”.
Globally, coal made a comeback in 2017, but how long it remains in the mix is a function of decisions governments make about scaling back carbon emissions and driving the transformation to renewables, the report finds.
It says the recent trends suggest coal demand “could be more resilient than some expect, especially among developing economies in Asia” – but what happens next is “highly contingent on how policies evolve”.
The coal comeback is a mixed picture. Coal demand is under pressure in advanced economies “due to low electricity demand growth, strong uptake of renewables-based capacity and, in the United States, the availability of inexpensive natural gas” – but there has been a rise in demand in China and India.
While both countries are also pursuing renewables, “robust growth in electricity demand” in India will create a near doubling in coal-fired power output to 2040, and India will import more coking coal to service demand in the iron and steel industries.
The report predicts India will overtake Australia and the United States in the early 2020s to become the world’s second-largest coal producer behind China. It also notes that investment in new coal-fired power plants in 2017 was at its lowest level in a decade, and there was a 50% drop in investments in China, with Beijing promising to reach a peak in CO2 emissions by 2030 or earlier.
Tim Buckley, the director of energy finance studies at Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis Australasia, said the outlook for Australian industry depended on whether governments delivered on policies to address climate change or not.
But he noted that under both the new policy and sustainable development scenarios considered by the IEA, Australia’s coking coal and thermal coal exports would face challenges. “Solar and wind are the largest two sources of new capacity globally,” Buckley said.
“The vast majority of that is happening in the Asia Pacific, which is exactly where our thermal coal industry says it’s going to get 400m tonnes of new growth.”
The report says the electricity sector is experiencing its most dramatic transformation in a century, and the increasing cost-competitiveness of solar photovoltaic will push its installed capacity beyond that of wind before 2025, past hydropower around 2030 and past coal before 2040.
The report posits three scenarios – new policies, current policies, and sustainable development – as points of reference about the speed of the transformation between now and 2040. Buckley said if the sustainable development scenario was achieved to meet the 1.5C goal of the Paris agreement, demand for coking coal would drop by a third by 2040.
“This report shows they are not taking into account the massive structural change and deflationary nature of renewable energy,” he said.
“The best way of preparing for transition is to have a plan and develop industries that are not in long-term decline, be that tourism, education, agriculture, wine or renewable energy.”
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Q:
Why can't I reload my table
I'm new to iOS development and wrestling with UITableViews.
My problem is that I'm populating my UITableView with data from an external server, but due to multithreading it's not waiting until the data arrives before loading the table view.
My current idea is to reload the table view when the data loads.
Earlier in same class DailyBreakdown.c, I reload the table view with this code:
-(void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
[[self class] getAllActivities];
[super viewWillAppear:animated];
[self makeObjects];
[self.tableView reloadData];
}
So on the callback when my data loads (using Restkit), I try to call [self.tableView reloadData] again, but I get the errors:
Definition of 'struct objc_class' must be imported from module
'ObjectiveC.runtime' before it is required
Implicit conversion of Objective-C pointer type 'Class' to C pointer
type 'struct objc_class *' requires a bridged cast
Here's the method where I return the Activity objects from the API:
+(NSArray *)getAllActivities{
if (allActivities == nil) {
// Load the object model via RestKit
//allActivities = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"Workout", @"Baked cake", @"Read for HR", nil];
allActivities = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
RKObjectManager *objectManager = [RKObjectManager sharedManager];
[objectManager getObjectsAtPath:@"/activities"
parameters:nil
success:^(RKObjectRequestOperation *operation, RKMappingResult *mappingResult) {
//allActivities = [mappingResult array];
allActivities = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray: [mappingResult array]];
[[self class] makeObjects];
/*** THIS LINE IS THE PROBLEM **/
[self.tableView reloadData];
}
failure:^(RKObjectRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Error"
message:[error localizedDescription]
delegate:nil
cancelButtonTitle:@"OK"
otherButtonTitles:nil];
[alert show];
NSLog(@"Hit error: %@", error);
}];
}
return allActivities;
}
So, why can't I call [self.tableView reloadData] as before? How would I do this from inside my class method?
Also, is there a better way to accomplish this besides reloading the tableview? Maybe threadlocking so that allActivities doesn't return nil when the view is loaded? Any ideas are welcome.
Thanks!
A:
getAllActivities is a class method, so you can't access properties and instance methods from it. The simplest solution would be to make it an instance method. In my opinion, given your situation (trying to access a tableView property) this change would be the right thing to do.
Another solutions to this problem:
you may add a block argument to getAllActivities that will be called when the call to external service completes successfully; in this block you would reload your table
you may pass your instance's self to getAllActivities and use it to access tableView
One more thing I've noticed - return allActivities; won't contain results from the last RestKit call, because it'll be executed before the call completes.
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Friday, June 27, 2014
Chambers Celebrate Juneteenth
Brooklyn, NY - The New American Chamber of Commerce (NACC) Annual International & Multicultural Business Expo 2014 Juneteenth Celebration and Cocktail Reception Awards, held at the Marriott Hotel downtown Brooklyn on June 19, 2014 was a smashing success. NACC in collaboration with the African American International Chamber of Commerce (AAICC), the New York Statewide Coalition of Hispanic Chamber of Commerce (NYSCHCC) and the Hispanic American International Chamber of Commerce (HAICC) welcomed three new chambers of commerce: the Guyana American International Chamber of Commerce (GAICC), the Haitian American International Chamber of Commerce (THAICC), and the Junior Chamber of Commerce (JCC) into its sisterhood. The objective of the broad coalition of Chambers of commerce is to ensure the strengthening of partnership among, and effective networking of minority owned businesses in the New York Diaspora.
Under the theme: "Greater Leaders are Hard Workers" the aim of the coalition is to ensure a decrease in unemployment, by encouraging minority New Yorkers with ties to each of the Chambers mentioned, to start their own businesses and become entrepreneurs who will determine their own destiny. One of the speakers for the Juneteenth Reception, Rev Dennis Dillon, publisher of the NY Christian Times, challenged the large audience gathered to adopt a new mind set about business in order to experience economic changes in the colored communities here in Brooklyn and across New York State. He said that the social agenda that we are accustomed to must be made less important: "I am not suggesting that the social agenda among us as black people, as black America and as a people here in Brooklyn is not important, but, we have got to allow the business agenda to set the tone for the empowerment of our communities and the transformation of our people. We have seen our politicians and the leaders of our communities allow the social agenda to overpower the commerce and the business agenda and so we become emotional about the need for health care. We become emotional about the need for education and the need to have a good justice system in our community failing to recognize that if we do not put in place a full economic infrastructure, we will never be able to establish a full social agenda. So, as Brooklynites, we as a people, got to begin this journey to transform the minds of our people where we allow everything to be built on an economic foundation."
According to Reverend Dillon, there needs to be an awakening of economic realities among the colored communities. He noted that a trip to South Korea in 1999 embolden his desire for economic prosperity as he noticed that there were lit crosses on every businesses in the City of Seoul, an indication that this nation that was once poor economically, placed God in charge of it businesses, thus the need for spiritual dependence and guidance. He stressed that while sociology has its place in society, it must be complimented with economics and politics in order to be effective: "where there is no spiritual foundation, there is no economic power, and where there is no economic power there can be no legitimate political control, and without political control there will always be a sick sociology.
We cannot solve the sociological illnesses that we face in our communities without strong political leadership and we will never have respected political leadership amongst our people, not in the Caribbean, not in Africa, not in New York, not in America, not anywhere in the world until we have economics to protect because in the absence of economics there can be no true politics. That's our dilemma as a people in Africa, the Caribbean, in Detroit, in Harlem, in South Africa and that's our dilemma in Brooklyn. So it is only as we begin to change our mindset and begin to think differently can we truly bring about the change that we need. On this Juneteenth on this important day for blacks in America, I want to challenge us to do some things differently. I want to encourage us to adopt the Koreans formula of doing business here in New York. Go to any Korean store —you will notice that they do not sell any products that are labeled made in China. They only sell products that say made in Korea; it is a very important dynamic. I noticed that Jamaica reported that in 2013, remittances were the largest foreign income earner for the country. Jamaicans living here in New York and elsewhere overseas sent back home some $3 billion to that country…. So we represent power, there is no question about it. The seventh largest airline international carrier to the three ports in New York City happens to be Caribbean Airlines/Air Jamaica we transport more international travelers more than any other international carriers, except three; that is British Airways, Air France and Air Lufthansa. That is a lot of dormant power that needs to be resurrected. So when we talk about this Chamber movement folks I need us to begin to harness our energies together…. The moment we begin to do things apart is when we fail, but when we do things together, is when we create the right kind of transformation and success to our community and bring about the kind of economic redemption that our communities need.”
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Audio Column by Sukey Howard
Elmore Leonard is a genre unto himself, imitated by many, but never equaled. Djibouti, both the title and setting for his 44th foray into crime fiction, is a change of place rather than a change of pace, a gritty, pirate-infested Red Sea port perfect for international intrigue and 21st-century terrorism. So when Dara Barr, a preternaturally calm, cool (and, of course, gorgeous) Academy...
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Aereo CEO Chet Kanojia.
The NFL and MLB are pushing for the Supreme Court to hear a challenge to Aereo, the service that allows viewers to stream privately broadcast television feeds online. In an amicus brief, the leagues argue that Aereo is designed solely to avoid paying copyright holders for retransmission fees. Those lost fees, they write, could force all copyright holders to move to paid cable networks like ESPN or TNT, "where Aereo-like services cannot hijack and exploit their programming without authorization."
"The revenues from these packages are an important source of income."
Moving to cable would be a major change for both leagues. CBS, NBC, and Fox currently broadcast 90 percent of the NFL's regular season games and all of its playoff games, including the Super Bowl. The MLB licenses around 400 games each year to broadcasters, including the World Series.
The leagues say that they've recognized the demand for streaming options, and that they've begun providing some, such as DirecTV's NFL Sunday Ticket. "The revenues from these packages are an important source of income that permits the leagues and their member clubs to provide the entertainment product that millions of fans worldwide are able to enjoy," they write. Though Aereo currently only allows its subscribers to stream from local stations — likely to avoid yet another heated legal challenge — the brief warns that Aereo could eventually remove that limitation, allowing it to effectively recreate subscription sports packages by bundling streams from different markets.
In their brief, the leagues frequently criticize Aereo's technology as well, referring to it as "gimmickry" meant to avoid copyrights. "[It] is neither technologically efficient nor innovative," the leagues write. It also points some blame toward the courts for Aereo's existence, writing that it operates through a "judicially created loophole."
TV networks have already petitioned the Supreme Court to hear the case, and while there's no certainty that it'll be taken up, it's clear that broadcasters want to determine Aereo's legality sooner rather than later. For its part, a major ruling in April by the United States Second Circuit Court of Appeals found that Aereo was not infringing on broadcasters' copyrights. Broadcasters have been threatening to leave the airwaves ever since, and we're likely to hear a lot more talk until they find an ultimate resolution.
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A simple blood preparation method for nucleic acid amplification tests using membranes.
To detect most of bloodborne pathogens, serum must be separated from whole blood for efficient nucleic acid amplification. Centrifugation is the most commonly used preparation step for whole blood, but it is not easy to use a centrifuge in rural areas where electricity is not accessible. This study aimed to develop a simple method for obtaining serum suitable for nucleic acid amplification without the use of any instruments. Whole blood spiked with Escherichia coli (E. coli) was separated into serum and cellular fraction using 2 closely attached membranes with different characteristics. After brief heating, bacterial DNA in the serum was used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum was successfully separated from cellular fraction after filtration of one membrane sheet. Membrane sheet containing serum was heated and bacterial DNA in the serum was used for PCR. The quality and concentration of DNA in the heated serum was sufficient for PCR and amplified E. coli gene products were observed. Separation of bacteria-containing serum was feasible using two membrane sheets and the DNA isolated from serum can be used for PCR after brief heating.
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Q:
Installing Flash while running Ubuntu from a USB Drive?
I am running Ubuntu from a USB drive (Hard drive is messed up and cannot install waiting on replacement parts etc) and I need to have Adobe Flash Installed yet I cannot figure out how to do it. When I tried to install via Ubuntu Software Centere I get an error that says:
Package dependencies cannot be resolved
his error could be caused by required additional software packages which are
missing or not installable. Furthermore there could be a conflict between
software packages which are not allowed to be installed at the same time.
Details:
flashplugin-installer: Depends: ia32-libs (>= 2.2ubuntu18) but it is not
going to be installed
I have read this post: How do I install the Flash plugin for Firefox on Ubuntu offline? and tried to do it manually but I cannot find the Mozilla Folder.
Can I install flash while running Ubuntu from a USB? How?
EDIT I found the Mozilla Plugin folder (path = /usr/lib/mozilla/plugin) but when I attempt to transfer the .so file there I get permission denied. Any ideas around this?
A:
After some more research I finally came across a solution that actualy worked.
The solution was found here and was from another stackexchange site (askubuntu).
Flash-Aid was the solution.
Hope others can use this in the future that come across this issue.
Also if you are having issues with Flash in Ubuntu try Flash-Aid, highly recommended. =>
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Sunday, December 30, 2007
Happy New Year, all! Here's an overview of new laws that take effect this effect that may impact bicyclists.Arizona: A new DUI law mandates 10 days of jail time and drivers license suspension for a first time offender.
California: The legal requirement for night cyclists to use a headlight, rear reflector and side reflectors has been clarified to include cyclists on on sidewalks and paths. California law has also been updated to allow the use of reflective ankle straps or reflective shoes instead of reflective pedals.Illinois: A new three-foot passing law takes effect January 1. Motorists will be required to give at least three feet of room when passing a cyclist.New Mexico: Mandatory helmet law comes into effect for children and teens 17 years of age and younger.
Oregon: The Vulnerable Roadway Users law enhances the penalties against motorists who injure or kill pedestrians and cyclists.
Some members of Congress come to Washington and get in the fast lane. The 59-year-old Mr. Blumenauer came to Washington and got in the bike lane. Few members of Congress care more than he does about cranks and sprockets.
"Bikeman," a House colleague from Oregon calls him. Mr. Blumenauer owns seven bikes. His congressional office is one of the few -- if not the only one -- that didn't even apply for a parking permit. On occasion, Mr. Blumenauer has cycled to the White House. On Mr. Blumenauer's first visit, the Secret Service, more accustomed to limousines, was flummoxed at the sight of his bike.
Friday, December 28, 2007
Thanks to all for the holiday greetings and wishes. My family and I had a wonderful visit with my brother and his family down in lovely San Diego. My brother Mark gets used fry oil from the Mexican restaurant down the street. He showed me the simple rig he uses to filter the fry oil. The filtering rig is amazingly simple, and his Mercedes diesel runs off of the straight vegetable oil with no engine modifications at all. Jump below the photo for bicycle news and views.
When reading about cycling deaths in the news, I often wonder if the reported details actually match reality. I've read so many times of a cyclist who dies because he swerved right in front of a speeding car and like Streetsblog also notes, the driver is the only living witness to the collision. As a cyclist, I can't imagine just swerving out in front of car. The cyclist is generally aware that he's vulnerable.
Monday, December 24, 2007
I hope you all are having a wonderful holiday season. I really appreciate the support and feedback from everybody who has visited Cyclelicious in 2007.
Here's the view this Christmas Eve in Santa Cruz, California. You're looking north at the lighthouse at Steamer Lane. Dream all you want for a white Christmas, I kind of like this bike-riding weather in December!
Friday, December 21, 2007
Nobody paid more dearly than Savannah Nesbit. The six-year- old and her family lost their house in Boston's Dorchester neighborhood last month after failing to pay a subprime mortgage that adjusts higher every six months.
Savannah got her first bicycle for her birthday in August, pink with streamers dangling from the handlebars. She decorated the present from her grandmother with stickers of Dora the Explorer, her favorite animated character.
When sheriff's deputies emptied the house and changed the locks, they left Savannah's bike behind.
``She cries about that bike every night, and she wants me to buy her another one, but I can't afford it right now because I have my own financial problems,'' says Savannah's grandmother, Anne Marie Wynter, whose home is also in foreclosure.
Another bike loss story: A paramedic's bike was stolen! Maybe he could have used this high tech bike theft prevention, though I'm amazed this student believes security staff will actually pay attention when they're alerted to a bike theft.
San Francisco Bike Coalitionabandons plans for a bike ballot measure to bypass the anti-bike-plan court injunction.
"Fritz mentioned in his post, that his Strida was slightly difficult to assemble. Maybe mine was packed differently, but I didn’t have that experience at all." There's a reason I'm a software programmer, rather than somebody who's permitted access to a screwdriver and other dangerous tools. Mechanically, I'm kind of a klutz. Once I figured it out, though, I concur that this bike easily folds and unfolds in seconds. If you're a klutz like me, a brick-and-mortar dealer does the assembly for you and can demo the fold/unfold, as Chicago Strida dealer Rapid Transit Cycleshop in Chicago notes in their blog.
"Plastic chainring." I agree with James, the belt drive and chainring is not an issue for me at all. Like James, I'm very impressed with how clean the whole drive train is, even after a rain ride.
"The Strida attracted more attention than any other bike I have ridden." I parked my Strida outside of my office door, and I am stepping out every 20 minutes or so giving a demonstration of this bike to a new set of coworkers. As I've mentioned, I work in an engineering facility and all of the engineers geek out on this bike in a major way. Children and adults that I ride by on my commute openly gawk and point at this bike. As soon as I was home last night my son wanted to ride it around the neighborhood again.
"There were a few things that I would change about the Strida." I had the same exact idea as James for a cantilevered seat. I'm a little shorter than him at 5'9", but even on me the bike feels cramped.
"It felt like riding a highwheeler which was kind of fun." I also had exactly the same thought! (as my knees swung up near the handlebars)
"The plastic rear rack." I was able to hang an empty pannier on it but I haven't actually gone anywhere with a pannier mounted. A rainjacket fits just fine in the little pocket formed by the rack.
Thursday, December 20, 2007
Here's a cool piece of news I didn't know about previously: The city of Fort Collins, Colorado held its first Winter Bike to Work Day yesterday. Winter cycling is actually reasonable in Colorado. Conditions are generally dry, and even when there is snow it dissipates rapidly in the high altitude sunshine and dry air.
If you need reasons to bike in the winter, Adam @ Rocbike posts his 10 reasons bikes are better for winter commuting. As I commented at Rocbike, I'm in snow-free Santa Cruz, California now, but I've "been there, done that" with winter bike commutes in Colorado, Illinois and north Texas.
I wanted to pass along this bike photo that Gwadzilla took because the bike is so cool. Read more about the bike and its rider at Gwadzilla. Gwadz, if you don't know, rides his bike around Washington DC and photographs cyclists in and around the US Capital.
A record number of exhibitors are expected at the 2008 North American Handmade Bicycle Show in Portland, Oregon next February, where 175 of 185 exhibitor spaces are already sold.
The 2007 show in San Jose, California was the largest to date, featuring 103 exhibitors who collectively occupied 130 booth spaces. So far 134 exhibitors have signed up for the 2008 Portland show. That's almost exactly 30% growth over '07 in exhibitors, and 43% growth in booth spaces sold.
NAHBS organizer Don Walker says, "I am truly delighted. The show has had three good growth years already, but heading into our fourth we are growing beyond my expectations. I am very confident we will sell all our booth spaces. With seven weeks until the show, we only have ten spaces left, and I am talking with companies that wish to fill those spaces."
This is wintertime from the seat of my bicycle in California. Eat yer heart out, Minnesota!
I took this photo this morning while riding my shiny, brand new Strida 5.0 folding bike. My son tried to steal it from me last night.
I posted my initial thoughts on the Strida 5.0 over at Commute By Bike. Summary: It's very cool. I brought it on the bus and train this morning and rode it the three miles to work. It took me a little over 20 minutes versus my usual 12 to 15 minutes, but I still beat the work shuttle bus.
Da' Square Wheelman posted some "bhaiku" from the City of Big Shoulders. Remember the rule: If I see a bicycle haiku, I must link to it. I'm most likely to see it if you link to Cyclelicious or comment somewhere.
Wednesday, December 19, 2007
Here are some unique and (mostly) inexpensive gift ideas in this Shameless Commerce edition of Cyclelicious. You won't get these in time for Christmas, but who says gifts are limited to holidays?
My buddy Ken is an excellent cycling photographer who has had his photos published in VeloNews and Road Bike Action. He's offering professionally framed, conservation quality prints of his cycling photos for sale now. Visit Ken Conley's website for details. That picture of Alberto Contador in Missouri is his.
Jim in Colorado sells his cute Oil Free and Happy patches online. He also has stickers and t-shirts for sale.
These Zero Per Gallon patches and stickers are getting popular in the SF Bay Area. Be the first in your area with these fun "$0.00" patches and stickers. You can also get shirts, belts, and bling to "show off your true bike dorkiness."
Moving up the price scale are these gorgeous bicycle bags from Basil. In the United States, Clever Cycles in Portland carries the "Blossom" and "Jasmine" panniers, and they'll ship them to you with a credit card payment. The nice folks at Clever Cycles are very very helpful. If you order any panniers from Clever Cycles, be ready with rack measurements and (for rear rack mounting) distance from the pedal at its rear-most position to the front of the rack.
The Big Blue Book of Bicycle Repair comes from Park Tools, which is probably the bike tools company that your bike shop uses. It covers everything from basic skills to servicing hydraulic brakes and suspension forks.
I plan to work on a Facebook Application over the holiday break. It's a bike racing game in which you join a cycling team to race in the big American and European races. You "train" by visiting the bike application, and more time spent training equates with better racing times. The races will occur at the same time as the real races, and I might even include real world events (such as weather, crashes, and DNFs) into the game world.
Recruiting friends to the game earns you sponsorship money which you can use to buy equipment, coaching, training aids and so forth. I'm trying to decide if drugs should be an option. If you get tested, you will be caught and if you win you will be tested. What do you think? What should be the consequences if you're caught doping?
More below...
In the real world, Floyd Landishas now been officially suspended from French, non-UCI cycling races by the French national doping agency. The UCI, which is the international union which regulates most pro cycling, had banned Landis already. The ASO is an independent organization that runs the Tour de France and Paris-Nice.
Speaking of dopes, Richmond, VA police officer William McKay blew through an intersection at 40 mph without checking to see that the intersection was clear (as required by law). He hit cyclist Kristin Stokes, who was still in the intersection when the light turned red on her. The city of Richmond then sent Stokes a $3,000 bill for the damage to the cop car. After criticism from around the nation and offers of pro bono legal assistance to Stokes, the city dropped its claim. “In a state like this, the motor vehicle guy is always right and the cyclist is cluttering up the road,” says Bud Vye of the Richmond Area Bicycling Association.
Tuesday, December 18, 2007
MIT cyclists generated 1.2kw to power a supercomputer in response to Google's "Innovate or Die" challenge.
SciCortex is new to the supercomputing field. With their relatively slow MIPs processors they don't have any contenders in the Top 500 list of supercomputers, but SciCortex is known for their development of very low power supercomputers, which is why bicyclists are able to power them.
My own employer brags about the lower power requirements of the "Constellation" High Performance Computing platform (I'm part of the development team), and the hardware and mechanical designers work hard and get industry awards optimizing power consumption and cooling, but the fact remains that higher clock speeds in the cores, memory and I/O means more juice is required for the system. Anyway, it's an exciting field to be in.
More bicycle news
I've been meaning to mention Dekochari for nearly two years now. I forgot all about it and now Makezine has beat me to the punch. I have a collection of Dekochari photos around someplace that I'll post some day. Dekochari, BTW, are insane Japanese art bikes. Deko for decorated, and chari for "chariots" which is the Engrish for "bicycle" in Japan. Here's a good collection of photos and here's some more info from Pink Tentacle.
Several of my fellow bike commuters are talking about the "heavy" rain that's been in the Bay Area. I heard one guy talk about the "sheets" of rain falling from the sky the other week.
For those outside of California, I'll describe the typical California rain storm. Take a spray bottle -- the kind you use to mist your plants. Hold it about six inches from your face and spray yourself until the bottle is empty. That's a heavy rainstorm in the San Francisco Bay Area. I'm not joking. It's not even a drizzle like you guys up in Seattle get. Occasionally we'll even have a mild zephyr to accompany the storm.
A heavy rainstorm in just about any other location is hauling a 30 gallon trashcan up to a second floor balcony and filling with water. Optionally add an 8 pound bag of ice (for the hail), small twigs, frogs, puppies, scrap lumber, etc. Stand under the balcony as several of your friends lift the can up and over so the contents of the trashcan fall directly on you and your bike, with the trashcan tumbling immediately afterwards into you. That's a spring storm anywhere in the U.S. Midwest and South. Of course it's not really a storm unless 80 mph winds knock down utility poles.
I recently received a letter from Caltrans in response to questions that I sent them on October 28 about bicycle detection. I am concerned that although they say they will be installing bicycle detection at new and modified traffic actuated signals, their only options are Type D loops and video detection. They totally ignore my October 16 presentation to their Electrical Systems Branch on detecting bicycles with loops that, among other things, recommended larger loops and the use of bicycle detector symbols. Furthermore, they plan on doing no more development work on in-pavement detection (loops) and to concentrate on video detection. That means that any progress on improving bicycle detection at existing signals with inductive loops is years, if not decades in the future. Finally, they are concentrating on detection methods that differentiate between motor vehicles and bicycles rather than on detecting bicycles in the first place. They are not taking first things first.
The letter says that they will be adding a Discussion Item to the January 2008 CTCDC meeting agenda. I think that we should have some representation at that meeting to try to change Caltrans' direction and to get them to do some development work on inductive loops. I will be contacting the secretary of the CTCDC about giving a short version of the presentation that I made to the Electrical Systems Branch, focusing on my recommendations to Caltrans.
"Two years ago, Simon Pastucha left his Mercedes SUV at the dealership and hasn't looked back. But how does a professional with children and far-flung meetings survive in car-centric Los Angeles without owning an automobile? Quite easily, I found after tagging along with Pastucha on his commute."
Bike thief ties grocery cart to stolen bike. "He was riding the bike in the store, and he had the shopping cart filled. So when he left the store, he rode out on the bike pulling cart," said Brevard County Police Sgt. Tim Landers. The dork ran over a 71-year-old greeter before he was tackled by bystanders and tased by cops.
Ken Conley is a bike nut and up and coming photographer of cycling events. He covers California bike races in his "Spare Cycles" blog, which I highly highly recommend. Right now he's offering prints of his work for purchase.
Most of us are familiar with the "When you ride alone you ride with Hitler" poster. This one reminds people that millions of GIs are sacrificing much more than the car pooler who must put up with the relative inconvenience of car sharing.
Saturday, December 15, 2007
I don't normally do restaurant reviews here but I just ate a place so extraordinarily bad I feel compelled to warn you all.
Ariake Sushi on El Camino Real in Sunnyvale, California is that place. After my family and I sat down the table stank like a stale, sour, dirty dishtowel was used to wipe it down. When I picked up the top soy sauce dish from the stack of dishes, the dishes were all stuck together!
We moved to another, cleaner table. We ordered a couple of sushi combos, a fried fish dish, and udon. I went in the bathroom to clean up and the restroom reeked -- it was nasty gross gas station restroom bad, stinking heavily of old stale urine that's been laying in puddles for days. I also passed by the kitchen and saw what looked like gray water on the kitchen floor -- gross.
That pretty much killed my appetite, and then the sushi arrived. Imagine a tray of sushi you buy from Safeway for the office Christmas party. You bring the leftovers home and leave them in the fridge uncovered overnight, and that's the stale, rubbery tasteless fish that the waiter brought to our table. Even the rice balls were tasteless, the wasabi was dry and crumbly, and the soy sauce tasted watered down. The miso soup tasted almost sour, like it was leftover and left out from the previous day. The udon soup was from a cheap bottle of instant soup sauce.
Restaurant review for Ariake Sushi, 759 El Camino Real, Sunnyvale, CA 94087. If my family all dies of food poisoning overnight, you all know the reason. Now excuse me as I go barf.
Cyclists riding at night always talk about being "lit up like a Christmas tree." Battery powered Christmas lights added to my bicycle are so pretty that they're a new incentive for me to ride!
The lights are small strings of battery powered LED lights that I bought from Walgreens for $3.33. They're meant to put on wreaths. I have one side on each side of the rear triangle attached with electrical tape.
If you put the lights on the chainstays like I did, be very careful the wires and lights won't get into any moving parts, including brakes, shifters and cables. Note also that many (most?) people strike their heel on the chainstay so arrange your lights accordingly. Be sure also that you can still remove your wheel for flat repairs -- you don't want to wrap any wires around the hub nut or quick release skewer.
Thursday, December 13, 2007
We laughed, we mocked, we were incredulous, but the indomitable spirit of bike racing doesn't give up. The organizers of the insanely ambitious Tour of America announced they still plan to hold a coast-to-coast race in September 2008, but they've decided to cut down the distance and stages.
"We realized our first plans were perhaps too ambitious and that the original race schedule didn't fit within standard racing protocols," said race organizer Frank Arokiasamy. They've decided to cut the race down to 21 stages and 2,200 miles, beginning in New York's Central Park and winding across 18 states before finishing up in Palo Alto, California. Read more at VeloNews.
I can't believe I didn't mention this earlier: The Silicon Valley Bicycle Coalition Winter Party is this evening from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. at the Palo Alto Caltrain Station on Alma at University. It's free for SVBC members, $25 for non-members (which includes a discounted membership). Besides food and drink, SVBC board member elections will also take place. More details here.
Details at Biking Bis and Bicycle Design. These are team issue Madones and other bikes ridden by Hincapie, Padrnos, Martinez and other Team Disco cyclists, complete with letters of authentication from Tailwind Sports.
Used Team Disco Giro time trial helmets are also on the auction block with $250 starting bids. These "may have markings and features related to a used helmet." Ewww.
A pedestrian in west San Jose became casualty number 40 last night. I know the intersection of Williams and Boynton very well and ride my bike past that intersection often. The guy was apparently jaywalking, but there are apartments on three corners and a city park on the third so pedestrian traffic is always heavy at this intersection.
Automobile deaths are outnumbering other homicides, which is at a 10 year high with 35 homicides so far in 2007.
Wednesday, December 12, 2007
Do you remember this? Sustrans "Connect2" program won the £50 million grant from the UK national lottery after TV viewers were polled on which of several projects should be selected to receive the money. Sustrans got 42% of the votes cast. More also at Bike Biz.
The US spent 0 this year on imported fossil fuels.
I grabbed the code from the Sightline Institute Pacific Northwest energy counter and changed the numbers to reflect what the United States as a nation spent on fossil fuel imports in 2006. This data is from the US Energy Information Administration. Yes, we really did send nearly a billion dollars every day to foreign banks.
You can grab this widget for use on your own website. If you use the Javascript on my server, you must link back to Cyclelicious. You're also free to copy the Javascript to your own server and use it unencumbered, if you wish. Here's a handy 180px widget that you can copy into your blog our website. If you post this to something like Blogger.com and have auto linebreaks enabled (most people do), be careful that each of the two lines that begin "<script>" all remain one line! Don't worry about how this code bleeds way over there on this page -- it should cut and paste just fine.
US Pacific Northwest Energy Spending Today: 0
Yours truly will be traveling around Europe for three weeks starting at the end of this month and I would like to meet some of our Cyclelicious readers around the world! If you are a reader from any of the following countries, please email me at CycleliciousMike@gmail.com and let's work on meeting up. You'll even be featured on this site!
The areas I will be visiting are:
Copenhagen, Denmark (December 28)
Helsinki and Rovaniemi, Finland (December 29 - January 2)
Tallinn, Estonia (January 3-4)
Riga, Latvia (January 5)
Vilnius, Lithuania (January 6)
Warsaw, Poland (January 7)
London, England (January 8)
Edinburgh, Scotland (January 9)
Dublin, Ring of Kerry, Galway, and Shannon, Ireland (January 10-17)
I hope to meet some of our global readers! Contact me if you are willing to meet up!
Tuesday, December 11, 2007
The San Francisco Bicycle Coalition and other cyclist activists rallied today on the steps of city hall to protest the sluggish progress of the court-mandated environmental review of the city bike plan.
The city revealed recently that the review would not be complete until 2009, with expected implementation of the bike plan on hold until 2010.
Roughly 100 people showed up as San Francisco Bicycle Coalition Executive Director Leah Shahum spoke encouraging city leaders to put a larger priority on the bike plan. The SFBC continues to encourage cyclists to contact Mayor Gavin Newsom and the city supervisors to urge them to speed up implementation of the bike plan.
Dr.Thomas Palley is a Yale educated published economist. I'm just a guy who blogs about bikes. He's evidently a smart guy, but I think Palley misses the point in his essay in Foreign Policy in which he reassures investors that the U.S. dollar will remain the reserve currency of choice around the world. In spite of a growing chorus of doubt around the world on the value of the dollar, Palley tells us that the falling dollar is merely a correction rather than a symptom of something fundamental about the world economy. Here's what he writes:
"With an annual GDP of more than $13 trillion and with efficient, liquid capital markets, the U.S. economy operates on a scale and with a vitality that is unmatched." The U.S. economy runs on oil. With fossil fuel in permanent decline around the world, U.S. productivity will fall dramatically in the near future.
"Many countries can’t generate enough domestic consumption to spur growth and full employment, forcing them to rely on exports [to the United States]." Our market economy is an economy of excess. We buy TVs from Malaysia and bikes from Taiwan because we have so much extra left over for consumer "stuff." Again, this excess is driven completely by cheap energy inputs into our economy. Conservation and innovation may mitigate the damage (which is why I'm so gung ho about limiting inefficient transportation modes), but the fact is that our economy will stagnate. Permanently.
I think Palley also ignores the fundamental fact that the US dollar is a fiat currency -- the US Federal Reserve prints as much as it needs, and its value is underpinned by the requirement that almost all international oil sales are denominated in U.S. dollars. If enough oil producing nations are willing to sell their oil in euros or yuan or pesos, then that will be the end of the American dollar. Palley's "buyer of last resort" theory won't hold water when U.S. consumers can no longer afford to buy plasma TVs and plastic knick knacks.
I think every nation that depends heavily on imported oil has significant economic challenges, and these challenges are coming sooner rather than later. The mother of all paradigm shifts will soon be on us, but with increased awareness of our reliance on a scarce resource I'm hopeful we can rise to the challenge to soften the landing.
The recent storms in the U.S. Pacific Northwest caused flooding and up to $1 billion in damages to a portion of the I-5 corridor between Seattle and Portland this last week. The Cascade Bicycle Club has pledged to match the first $2,500 in donations that come in (which has already been surpassed!) for flood relief in the Centralia/Chehalis area. Biking Bis will also give $5 to the relief effort for each of the first 20 links to his story on this relief effort. Link away and get the word out, bloggers!
You can give online with a credit/debit card or mail your donation to the United Way of Lewis County -- details are at Biking Bis. Don't forget also to hit your employer up for matching funds if they have a giving program; many of them have a minimum amount they'll match so check the policy before you cheap out and give only $20. This is the season for giving, and these folks probably need your help more than you need that widescreen flat panel HDTV you've been eyeballing.
Monday, December 10, 2007
Bicycles are also suspected in a museum theft. Says a detective: "If I was going to do a job like this, I'd do it on a mountain bike because people don't notice that sort of thing and when people are racing to the scene of the crime they're looking for cars, they're not looking for people on bikes."
Nine banks robbed by serial robber on a bicycle. What makes this criminal especially malicious: "We think he rides a bike and ditches it and then gets in a car. We think he's stealing the bikes."
I've told a few friends that I expect double digit inflation on food prices for 2008, but according to the Economist, we're already there this year. The Economist's food price index rose by a third over the last year and is at its highest level since they began the index in 1845.
Increased affluence around the world means more people eat meat, but the Economist notes also that the sudden push for ethanol means about a third of the corn crop is devoted to ethanol production. More acreage devoted to ethanol production also means less acreage for wheat, soy, and other crops. Corn is also the primary feed for cattle and chickens, so increased feed costs means we pay more for steak and chicken.
The Economist in seems to predict the exploitation of remote wilderness areas as investors pay to plow them under and build roads to access these new agricultural frontiers. We're already seeing this in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia, where millions of acres of rain forest have been replaced with palm oil plantations.
Some predict that rural economies in the developing world will benefit from increased demand for biofuel crops from the west. The reality, though, seems to be different: food crops that used to sold locally are now no longer available, as farmers find it more lucrative to export their crops to the western world than to feed the local population.
This stuff is impossible to predict accurately -- we know farmers are abandoning set asides, for example, and planting record acreage to cash in on the ag bonanza. If there's a boom crop, perhaps there will be enough left over to sell to Mexican tortilla factories and the occasional food aid shipment.
It used to be that I was a little discouraged at my own attempts at conservation -- I realized that imy own cutbacks only enabled somebody else to burn that much more. Now that we're entering an era of real shortages, however, perhaps my savings will allow somebody who's truly in need to use that resource, and I'm a little more hopeful that my example will encourage others to sacrifice a little bit of their comfortable lifestyles to enable the poor to live.
I'm obsessed with bicycles. Hello Kitty Hell chronicles people obsessed with Hello Kit. We combine these two obsessions with a third -- an obsession with Swarovski Crystal -- to create a crystal covered bike with a Hello Kitty motif.
Drew does a no-hands, trackstanding self portrait "panda" shot. And he claims, "I can track stand till the cows come home, but I can't ride no hands." Yes, he's trackstanding in his apartment in this photo.
The Electrobike Pi weighs 60 pounds. Which reminds me: Optibike's FAQ says "The [$6000] Optibike only weighs 57 lbs, about as much as a full suspension downhill bicycle, so pedaling as normal is a blast."
Last year, blogger Rob Anderson and his "Coalition for Adequate Review" put a stop to San Francisco's bike plan when he filed suit against the city, arguing that any transportation changes must undergo an Environmental Impact Review. Judge James Warren agreed and completely stopped all new bike projects in the city with an injunction prohibiting any new bicycle facilities of any kind in San Francisco.
Now we have the news that the city does not expect to complete the required environmental review until spring 2009, with re-adoption of the bike plan in the summer of 2009. The city cannot even install bike racks for parking or racks on buses until this environmental review is completed. The San Francisco Bike Coalition urges action and asks San Francisco cyclists to call the Mayor and Board of Supervisors to encourage them to make this a higher priority.
Thursday, December 06, 2007
This video shows what the surf looks like right now where I live. To keep it on topic, you can see some cyclists toward the end of the video :-)
My Santa Cruz surf photos are here on Flickr. Most are of my son's middle school surf team. The surf team coach sent an email to the team this week telling everybody to keep out of the water this week. The current surf report tells us the waves are a little more manageable today.
I see quite a few folks carry shortboards under their arms while biking to the beach. A few others have sidemount surfboard racks. I also found this DIY surfboard rack made from PVC pipe. I don't believe I've ever seen anyone haul a longboard by bike, though photos on the web show that it's doable.
Palo Alto resident and local bike nut Martin Krieg often rides his high wheeler "ordinary" bicycle around town. I see him cruising around downtown. This article in the Palo Alto Weekly talks about how police stop Martin to cite him for violations of some aspect of California Vehicle Code, but he always talks his way out of a ticket (and I can imagine him doing it, too -- he's very talkative, very positive and always does it with a smile). There's also a pretty cool photo of him taking the lane in heavy traffic on his slow, historical bicycle in the rain. Read more.
There's also this article about Martin's ordinary bike and the definition of a bicycle under the California Vehicle Code. Sgt. Paul McCarthy of the Redwood City division of the California Highway Patrol agreed Wednesday that "this device" does not seem to be classified as a bicycle. "Legally, it doesn't appear he has an obligation to follow the sections of the vehicle code pertaining to a bicycle." The article describes rolling in circles at intersections waiting for traffic to pass, but I seem to recall seeing Martin do trackstands on his high bike.
Speaking of Palo Alto, dozens of bicycles were stolen during Stanford's "Big Game" against Cal State last Saturday night, including one that was stolen from a player from the locker room. Apparently, organized groups of thieves went around with lock breaking tools and a truck during the game stealing bikes locked to bike racks, poles and fences around the stadium. If you ride your bike to Stanford football games, volunteers from the Silicon Valley Bicycle Coalition provide guarded bicycle parking during all home Stanford games. During the Big Game, SVBC volunteers parked 1,461 bicycles. The service is free, but donations are appreciated.
Wednesday, December 05, 2007
Donna of Kryptonite works out of Boston, Mass, so you'd think she'd be all over the proposed Interbike East Coast Demo. She notes, however, that several bike vendors are west coast companies, and getting all of the bike companies to put on two sets of demo days within weeks might be a bit much for them. More at Unbreakable Bonds.
The bicyclists who braved the week's second storm should be taken out and shot. Spare them and the poor driver, when they skid on treacherous streets and slide under the wheels of a truck delivering fresh vegetables.
A post like that in a very bikey town is sure to be link-bait, but here's the link anyway. Several commenters note that if the roads are so treacherous, what is he doing driving out there? Who's the one creating the danger to himself and others?
Meanwhile, we learn that cops in the St. Louis suburb of Webster Groves harass cyclists who legally ride on the city streets. According to St. Louis cyclist Jack Painter, police departments are leaving it up to the individual officer's discretion if they perceive cyclists are "impeding" traffic. Back in February, St. Louis County planners announced that key cycling routes may be closed to cyclists during the two years of Highway 64 reconstruction. Because of public outcry from local cyclists, local planners backed down from this plan, so now it appears that the police are sending the message instead to stop "impeding" traffic and get off the road and onto sidewalks.
It has come to the attention of the human resources office that some employees may be riding their bicycles in the course of their work duties. While biking to work is an option that the District supports, employees are not to ride their bikes in the course of their work duties.
"The potential for serious injury is much greater riding a bicycle than driving a car in the event of an accident. Until further notice, employees should not ride their bicycles in the course of performing their work duties.
This isn't some kind of hoax, is it? Who distributes paper memos anymore?
Update: Mark Stosberg received a response from Mike Rich and posted it here. Mr Rich writes, in part: "When it came to my attention earlier this year at our employees were riding their bicycles in the course and scope of their employment, it raised a concern because it is something that we were not aware was occurring and that we had no program set up for." If the Air Quality District needs a "program" for every work activity, I don't think it sounds like a great place to work.
Tuesday, December 04, 2007
Robert Hurst, author of the popular Art of Cycling book, added a footnote in his second edition about a troubling societal dilemma looming in the near future: the growing inability of of global energy supply to meet global energy supply. In his latest blog entry, Robert takes a look at the current situation, taking input from industry analysts and reviewing what the mass media is now saying about the specter of Peak Oil.
I need to promote this to its own article. In case I forget: The SF Bay Area Air Quality Management District distributed a memo prohibiting bicycle transportation for employees "in the course of their work duties" because "the potential for serious injury is much greater riding a bicycle than driving a car." Grrrr....
Go speed racer: Over Drive is an anime series on a Japanese cyclist winning the TdF. Maybe he's the only one who can pass the dope tests. Check this plot description: "The top racer is a Japanese boy named Shinozaki Mikoto. 'Why dont you join our bicycle club?' said Fukazawa, Shinozaki Mikotos secret love. Unfortunately, despite being a high school student, he doesnt know how to ride a bike. With no real idea of what the bicycle club is, he earnestly practices." In Japanese with English subtitles.
I'd like to remind everybody that Steephill.TV has a video clip of the day feature. Just subscribe to the RSS feed there for a bike video of the day. Right now, they feature my ugly mug with a link to the (in)famous "Lost Episode" of the Spokesman podcast.
It's 5:15 p.m., rush hour at Caltrain's Hillsdale station in San Mateo. Among the dozens of riders arrayed across the platform to catch the northbound "Baby Bullet" express train, the most watchful are the bicyclists.
They're hoping they don't get turned away.
Ridership is soaring amid high gas prices and global warming fears. The bicycle program is a well-established hit, with about one in 15 Caltrain riders bringing their wheels on board. Caltrains are getting so crowded at peak commute hours that not everyone's bike can fit on board. So when a Baby Bullet pulls out of the station, a handful of the rail line's most dedicated customers are left in the cold.
Read the full story in the Mercury News. I ride Caltrain daily on my commute and I'm amazed at how crowded the bike car remains. This morning, many of the usual riders were on the train in spite of the rain and cooler weather. I took the below photo in the summer of 2006 -- the bike car now looks like this in winter 2007.
The Highway 17 Express bus from Santa Cruz to San Jose also remains crowded, although in the winter I'm often the only cyclist. Now that we have WiFi, incidents like this 14 car pileup this morning means I sit longer on the bus hooked to the Internet.
If you take public transportation for your commute, are you seeing similar ridership increases in your area?
Boulder, Colorado Community Cycles will host its first Holiday Bike Swap, Giveaway, and Collection Drive at the Boulder Outlook Hotel on December 7, 8 and 9. They'll collect child and adult bikes, fix them up, and open the doors for children to come in a swap out their bikes for better fitting ones. Children without bikes are welcome to pick out a bike for themselves. Community Cycles is asking for a $10 for each bike dropped off and picked up, but the donation is not required. Read more at Community Cycles.
In nearby Longmont, Colorado, High Gear Cyclery is once again collecting and fixing bicycles for the St. Vrain Community Council's Holiday Basket program. Santa's elves will repair the donated bikes at High Gear's expense. The bikes most needed are kid-sized: ones with 12, 16, 20, or 24 inch wheels. Adult-sized mountain bikes are also welcomed. Santa already has enough 10 speed and 3 speed bikes, so those are not needed.
Seth asks where he can find aftermarket chainguards for his Bianchi Castro Valley bicycle. I went on a hunt for plastic chainguards about three years ago and was unsuccessful. Last year, somebody asked where to find bicycle chainguards at the Bicycle Commute Tips blog and received no answer.
I've quickly searched the USA bike distributors catalogs for chainguards. SBS carries replacement chainguards for theirk Torker and Redline bikes, but I didn't see anything aftermarket. J&B looks like they carry a number of plastic chainguards. Most are for the brands of bikes they have (e.g. Sun & Cykel), but I see a number of generic items like "Chainguard 20" no clips." J&B does not sell to the general public so you'll need to go to your local bike shop and have them order the chainguards from J&B.
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Since 1991, we have been welcoming women from all over the world andsupporting charities in Slovakia.
about
IWCB is a group of English-speaking women of all ages, professions and nationalities. We provide a perfect environment for newcomers to become active in Bratislava and make friends with other internationally minded women.
Outreach
MEET & GREET
Come and join us at our biweekly Coffee Mornings or Happy Hours. If you are new in town just drop in and say so.We meet for Coffee every 1st & 3rd (& 5th) Monday (except for public holidays) from 10:00 to 12:00, at Fresh! Restaurant, Crowne Plaza Hotel Bratislava. Our Happy Hour is every 2nd & 4th Tuesday from 17:00 to 19:00 at Savoy Restaurant, Carlton Hotel Bratislava (please see also our Events calendar).
“I would like to thank all the foreign participants and all the visitors who arrived here. Every euro you spent goes to a good cause," stressed Minister Lajčák in his opening address. He recalled that since the first year, not only its popularity but also the number of the countries presented at the bazaar, as well as the sum collected on the entrance fees and the sales, has been increasing.
In his address Minister Lajčák expressed thanks to the International Women’s Club of Bratislava for having organized the event and added that he was pleased to see that the concepts of humanity and tolerance were at the right place in Stará tržnica and that the proceeds from all stands will be used for charitable projects.
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/******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2009 STMicroelectronics ********************
* File Name : PID_stm32.s
* Author : MCD Application Team
;* Version : V2.0.0
;* Date : 04/27/2009
* Description : This source file contains assembly optimized source code
* of a PID controller.
********************************************************************************
* THE PRESENT FIRMWARE WHICH IS FOR GUIDANCE ONLY AIMS AT PROVIDING CUSTOMERS
* WITH CODING INFORMATION REGARDING THEIR PRODUCTS IN ORDER FOR THEM TO SAVE TIME.
* AS A RESULT, STMICROELECTRONICS SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
* INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WITH RESPECT TO ANY CLAIMS ARISING FROM THE
* CONTENT OF SUCH SOFTWARE AND/OR THE USE MADE BY CUSTOMERS OF THE CODING
* INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR PRODUCTS.
*******************************************************************************/
SECTION .text:CODE(2)
PUBLIC PID_stm32
IMPORT IntTerm
IMPORT PrevError
#define Err R0 /* 1st function input: Error */
#define Coeff R1 /* 2nd fct input: Address of coefficient table */
#define Kd R1
#define Ki R2
#define Kp R3
#define Out R4
#define Result R2
#define Integ R5
#define PrevErr R12
/*******************************************************************************
* Function Name : DoPID
* Description : PID in ASM, Error computed outside the routine
* Input : Error: difference between reference and measured value
* Coeff: pointer to the coefficient table
* Output : None
* Return : PID output (command)
*******************************************************************************/
PID_stm32:
PUSH {R4, R5, R9}
LDR R12, =IntTerm
LDR R9, =PrevError
LDRH Kp, [Coeff, #0] /* Load Kp */
LDRH Ki, [Coeff, #2] /* Load Ki */
LDRH Kd, [Coeff, #4] /* Load Kd and destroy Coeff*/
LDRH Integ, [R12, #0] /* Last Integral Term */
LDRH PrevErr, [R9, #0] /* Previous Error */
MLA Integ, Ki, Err, Integ /* IntTerm += Ki*error */
MLA Out, Kp, Err, Integ /* Output = (Kp * error) + InTerm */
SUBS PrevErr, Err, PrevErr /* PrevErr now holds DeltaError = Error - PrevError */
MLA Result, Kd, PrevErr, Out /* Output += Kd * DeltaError */
LDR R12, =IntTerm
STRH Integ, [R12, #0] /* Write back InTerm */
STRH Err, [R9, #0] /* Write back PrevError */
MOV R0, Result
UXTH R0, R0
POP {R4, R5, R9}
BX LR
END
/******************* (C) COPYRIGHT 2009 STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
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3.2.1. DNA extraction using CTAB
This protocol is for the
extraction of DNA from bee abdomens and/or the thorax, using a lysis buffer
containing CTAB, a compound that is able to separate polysaccharides from other
cell materials. The choice of tissues avoids eye contaminants such as pigments,
which can inhibit PCR and other downstream applications. The method can be scaled down for the
extraction of Varroa destructor mites (see the BEEBOOK paper on varroa (Dietemann et al., 2013) for details on sampling) or bee embryos and up for
larger larvae and pupae (see section 1.2. for their collection). Volumes should
be adjusted accordingly based on sample volume (i.e. initial grinding in 5X
sample volume of buffer, ca.25->200 ml). The subsequent two extraction
protocols are simpler, but the CTAB procedure is excellent for problematic
samples and is flexible in terms of tissue disruption, separation, and rescue
of nucleic acids.
Extract only the abdomen and/or thorax if
possible. If a whole animal is
extracted, use a Qiagen or similar column following manufacturer’s protocol for
final purification of extracted DNA in order to reduce pigments that can
inhibit genetic assays.
Add 50µg proteinase K and 25µl of RNase
cocktail.
While this step is optional, proteinase K improves yields by disrupting cell
and organelle boundaries and is critical for extraction of DNA from many
microbes.
Vortex briefly to mix.
Incubate at 55-65°C from several hours to overnight. Invert occasionally during incubation
(e.g., once every 30 minutes for the first two hours).
Centrifuge for 1 min at maximum speed (~14,000 rpm).
Unwanted tissue debris will form a pellet at the bottom of the microcentrifuge
tube.
Transfer liquid to fresh tube, leaving tissue
debris pellet behind.
Add equal volume phenol:chloroform:isoamyl
alcohol (25:24:1).
Invert several times (10-20 times) to mix then
put on ice for 2 min.
Spin at full speed (~14,000 rpms) for 15 min at 4°C.
Transfer upper phase to fresh tube.
Add 500µl cold isopropanol + 50µl 3M NaOAc.
Vortex to mix, then incubate at 4°C > 30 min.
Samples can be stored at ambient temperature at this point for several days if
needed for transport or timing, otherwise 4°C is best.
Spin at full speed (~14,000 rpms) for 30 min at 4°C.
Carefully decant liquid from DNA pellet.
Add 1 ml 4°C 75% EtOH. Tap vortex briefly to loosen pellet.
Spin at full speed for 3 min at 4°C.
Decant liquid from pellet.
Air dry pellet about10 minutes to evaporate all
residual traces of alcohol.
Do not over dry pellet, as it will be hard to resuspend.
Resuspend in 50-100µl nuclease-free water
(overnight at 4°C).
Check DNA quantity and integrity on an agarose
gel.
First, prepare TBE gel buffer (an aqueous
solution with a final working concentration of 45 mM Tris-borate and 1 mM EDTA). This is often prepared
first as a ‘5x’ concentration comprised of 4 g Tris base (FW = 121.14) and 27.5
g boric acid (FW = 61.83) dissolved into approximately 900 mL deionized water.
Add 20 ml of 0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.0) to this solution and adjust the solution to a
final volume of 1l. Confusingly, the ‘working solution’ of this buffer for most
uses is as 0.5x = a 1/10 dilution of the stock buffer.
For a 1.5%
agarose gel on a large-format gel rig, add 3 g of sterile agarose to 200 ml TBE
buffer in a 500 ml or larger Erlenmayer flask, microwave at high heat for ca.
45 s (without boiling). For smaller gel rigs the volume of the gel can be from
50 to 100 ml. Take flask out and swirl vigorously, then heat in the microwave
again until at full boil for 45 seconds, monitoring to avoid spillover. The
agarose must fully dissolve so the liquid is perfectly clear
Let the solution
cool while swirling every minute until the flask can be held for several
seconds without unbearable heat
While hot,
pipette in 10 µl ethidium bromide
solution (EtBr, 0.5 mg/ml, used with caution as EtBr is a carcinogen and
mutagen) and swirl until mixed
Draw the DNA across the gel toward the
anode/positive charge at ca. 100 V depending on the gel rig size and specifications.
Monitor via the blue bromophenol blue stain
movement (which tracks a DNA size fragment of ca. 300 bp in a 1.5% gel),
stopping the gel and visualizing the DNA using ultraviolet light when it has
progressed enough.
DNA can also be quantified via a spectrophotometer
such as the Nanodrop (www.nanodrop.com), following manufacturer’s protocol:
Briefly, after calibration 1 µl of nucleic acid solution is placed onto a
cleaned pedestal, the lid is closed and a reading is taken prior to cleaning by
wiping the pedestal in preparation for the next sample . The machine will
estimate concentration using the equation dsDNA: A260 1.0 = 50
ng/µl.
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Making cars is fun! Who would have known? Well, probably Henry Ford, but also Cliff Harris of Positech Games who has been diligently working away on Production Line for over year, with his first video Dev Blog coming out this time last year. I was lucky enough to catch up with Cliff briefly at EGX and have started on my own journey to become the new Henry Ford.Cliff took the approach of selling the game direct to customers from his own site before lanching Production Line on Early Access since May. Things are going well, and Cliff is enjoying the opportunities Early Access offers for fans to engage with the game:
I actually enjoy asking people what is wrong with the game and them telling me. I never thought I would, I thought that would be insane. But actually, that’s really good, and there’s some stuff I would have done that I’m not doing because nobody cares about, and other stuff that I thought people wouldn’t be interested in, but they’re saying “yes yes, more of this”. It’s brilliant, and I’m a convert to Early Access basically.
I’ve only just started my car building adventure, but what was nice was a little survey that appeared when I booted up the game, asking what feature I was wanting to see next (hybrid/electric engines) and what I was struggling with (identifying why cars are, or aren’t, selling). I’m not sure how often these appear, but they’re a nice easy way to send some direct feedback on your experience of the game during Early Access to Cliff, without necessarily having to step into the forums of Steam community.
Production Line has its claws in me, and it certainly appeals to the Football Manager side of my brain. There is lots of data to absorb, from how much time an individual part of the assembly line spends on production, or dare I say it…waiting. You can see why people are, or aren’t buying your cars, while there is also a very detailed chart covering the efficiency of your entire factory. But this is what people want, Cliff told me he receives feedback requesting more;
finance stuff, people really like the business stuff; the reports and spreadsheets which I like naturally. I love all of that, but I thought it was just me, but it seems that the people that play this game want a lot of data, want a lot of analysis.
Right now, I’m not really doing too well with my production lines, they are both long and tend to be quite slow. In my defense, I haven’t spent the time researching enough new production methods to break up the flow into as many small chunks as I would like. I have one route where the body fit, and painting, have been broken down into smaller stages. This is great for speeding up production at these points, but then my flow hits a bottleneck at the engine fitting stage.
It’s part of the dilemma at the heart of the game. Do you spend time researching new production methods, to ensure you can keep a constant flow of cars going to the customers? Or do you turn your attention to researching new technologies to fit to your cars? If rival companies have air conditioning installed on their most basic models, customers aren’t going to look twice at your own basic model unless you cut the price back. Which is fine, if you’re producing enough cars to still make money. This is definitely a game that I would love to be able to play without worrying about money, or competitors. The freedom to make all sorts of cars? That would be wonderful.
The game is still quite early in the development process. Cliff told me that he is planning to;
add in electric and hybrid engines, because everyone wants and loves them. There’s more marketing stuff that has to go in, which is only half done at the moment. There are pickup trucks going in and more achievement stuff to go in. The whole idea of stuff breaking down and quality, at the moment a car is naturally of good quality. But we’re going to have stuff like defects and quality control going in there as well.
If you are interested in Production Line, I highly recommend watching some of Cliff’s video developer blogs, they provide a useful insight into how the game works. He has also put together a quick guide to getting started with the game, this covers some of the basic principles of the early stages of the game and will definitely help you get started.
As for a release date? Cliff wasn’t one to be nailed down, and his embrace of what Early Access offers him as a developer is why;
I really like Early Access. I don’t know, January, February, early March. As long as I’m still enjoying working on it, I don’t see a reason to declare it done. Unless nobody is buying it anymore, then I need to move. But I don’t think that’s going to happen by the looks of it, it’s going really well. Definitely next year at the earliest. I like the open ended nature of going “hey lets spend another six months or whatever on this”.
I’ll save any Verdicts until Cliff signs the game off as “finished”, but I’m glad that I got to have a chat with him at EGX and finally start getting into the car business.
|
Q:
How to get a reversed list view on a list in Java?
I want to have a reversed list view on a list (in a similar way than List#sublist provides a sublist view on a list). Is there some function which provides this functionality?
I don't want to make any sort of copy of the list nor modify the list.
It would be enough if I could get at least a reverse iterator on a list in this case though.
Also, I know how to implement this myself. I'm just asking if Java already provides something like this.
Demo implementation:
static <T> Iterable<T> iterableReverseList(final List<T> l) {
return new Iterable<T>() {
public Iterator<T> iterator() {
return new Iterator<T>() {
ListIterator<T> listIter = l.listIterator(l.size());
public boolean hasNext() { return listIter.hasPrevious(); }
public T next() { return listIter.previous(); }
public void remove() { listIter.remove(); }
};
}
};
}
I just have found out that some List implementations have descendingIterator() which is what I need. Though there is no general such implementation for List. Which is kind of strange because the implementation I have seen in LinkedList is general enough to work with any List.
A:
Use the .clone() method on your List. It will return a shallow copy, meaning that it will contain pointers to the same objects, so you won't have to copy the list. Then just use Collections.
Ergo,
Collections.reverse(list.clone());
If you are using a List and don't have access to clone() you can use subList():
List<?> shallowCopy = list.subList(0, list.size());
Collections.reverse(shallowCopy);
A:
Guava provides this: Lists.reverse(List)
List<String> letters = ImmutableList.of("a", "b", "c");
List<String> reverseView = Lists.reverse(letters);
System.out.println(reverseView); // [c, b, a]
Unlike Collections.reverse, this is purely a view... it doesn't alter the ordering of elements in the original list. Additionally, with an original list that is modifiable, changes to both the original list and the view are reflected in the other.
A:
If i have understood correct then it is one line of code .It worked for me .
Collections.reverse(yourList);
|
The man arrested in connection with a double homicide in the Central District earlier this month has been cleared of the crime, according to the Seattle Police Department.
Matalepuna Malu, 26, turned himself in after police named him as a suspect, saying he wanted to clear his name. Malu's family always maintained his innocence. At one point concerned family members showed up at City Hall to confront the mayor on the situation.
Homicide Detective Cloyd Steiger confirmed Malu is no longer a suspect after his alibi checked out.
Steiger told KING 5 Malu is seen on video walking into a casino at 192nd Ave. S. and Pacific Hwy. S. around the time of the double homicide in the Central District.
The victims, Dwone Anderson-Young, 23, and Ahmed Said, 27, were fatally shot at close range.
Seattle police are looking into the possibility the motive may have been a hate crime; both men were Gay.
Jail records confirm Malu was released into federal custody, where he is wanted on a federal probation weapons violation.
In other developments, Thursday night, police detectives served a search warrant at N. 130th St. and Aurora Ave. N. for Ali Muhammed Brown.
Police have been searching for Brown in connection with the double homicide.
A large police response was called to the area and police asked people to stay away from the intersection. Witnesses at the scene took photos of SWAT vehicles in a nearby parking lot.
By 7:30 p.m., police wrapped up their search at the scene, and tweeted: 'Leschi homicide susp not found @ 130/Aurora. Dets still need help finding Ali Muhammed Brown.'
USA Gay News American News American Gay News USA American Gay News United States American Lesbian News USA American Lesbian News United States USA News
Pacific Northwest News in Seattle News in Washington State News
|
package net.serenitybdd.rest.requests
import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock
import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.junit.WireMockRule
import io.restassured.RestAssured
import io.restassured.specification.RequestSender
import io.restassured.specification.RequestSpecification
import io.restassured.specification.ResponseSpecification
import net.serenity.test.utils.rules.TestCase
import net.serenitybdd.rest.SerenityRest
import net.serenitybdd.rest.decorators.ResponseDecorated
import net.serenitybdd.rest.rules.RestConfigurationAction
import net.serenitybdd.rest.rules.RestConfigurationRule
import net.thucydides.core.steps.BaseStepListener
import org.junit.Rule
import spock.lang.Specification
import static net.serenitybdd.rest.SerenityRest.*
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.aResponse
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.matching
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.stubFor
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.urlMatching
/**
* User: YamStranger
* Date: 3/14/16
* Time: 9:57 AM
*/
class WhenExecutingHeadRequest extends Specification {
@Rule
def WireMockRule wire = new WireMockRule(0);
@Rule
def RestConfigurationRule rule = new RestConfigurationRule(new RestConfigurationAction() {
@Override
void apply() {
reset()
}
},)
def setup() {
SerenityRest.clear()
}
@Rule
def TestCase<BaseStepListener> test = new TestCase({
Mock(BaseStepListener)
}.call());
def "should use wrapped request and response if they initialised separately"() {
given: "initialised Request and Response and access point"
def request = (RequestSpecification) RestAssured.given();
def response = (ResponseSpecification)RestAssured.given().response();
def body = "<root>" +
"<value>1</value>" +
"</root>"
def base = "http://localhost:${wire.port()}"
def path = "/test/head/levels"
def url = "$base$path"
stubFor(WireMock.head(urlMatching(path))
.withRequestBody(matching(".*"))
.willReturn(aResponse()
.withStatus(200)
.withHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml")
.withBody(body)));
when: "creating new request and making request"
def RequestSender sender = given(request, response)
def generated = sender.head(url)
then: "created response should be decorated"
generated instanceof ResponseDecorated
}
def "should return wrapped response during HEAD by URL called from request"() {
given: "configured access point"
def body = "<root>" +
"<value>2</value>" +
"</root>"
def base = "http://localhost:${wire.port()}"
def path = "/test/head/keyboard"
def url = "$base$path"
stubFor(WireMock.head(urlMatching(path))
.withRequestBody(matching(".*"))
.willReturn(aResponse()
.withStatus(256)
.withHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml")
.withBody(body)));
when: "creating new request and making head request"
def response = given().head(url)
then: "created response should be decorated"
response instanceof ResponseDecorated
and: "returned status should be correct"
response.then().statusCode(256)
}
def "should return wrapped response during HEAD by URL with MAP parameters called from request"() {
given: "configured access point"
def body = "<root>" +
"<value>3</value>" +
"</root>"
def base = "http://localhost:${wire.port()}"
def path = "/test/head/house"
def url = "$base$path"
stubFor(WireMock.head(urlMatching("$path.*"))
.withRequestBody(matching(".*"))
.willReturn(aResponse()
.withStatus(700)
.withHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml")
.withBody(body)));
when: "creating new request and making head request"
def response = given().head("$url?status={status}", ["status": "available"])
then: "created response should be decorated"
response instanceof ResponseDecorated
and: "returned status should be correct"
response.then().statusCode(700)
}
def "should return wrapped response during HEAD by URL with array parameters called from request"() {
given: "configured access point"
def body = "<root>" +
"<value>4</value>" +
"</root>"
def base = "http://localhost:${wire.port()}"
def path = "/test/head/pet"
def url = "$base$path"
stubFor(WireMock.head(urlMatching("$path.*"))
.withRequestBody(matching(".*"))
.willReturn(aResponse()
.withStatus(845)
.withHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml")
.withBody(body)));
when: "creating new request and making head request"
def response = given().head("$url?status={status}", "available")
then: "created response should be decorated"
response instanceof ResponseDecorated
and: "returned status should be correct"
response.then().statusCode(845)
}
def "should return wrapped response during HEAD by URL called from response"() {
given: "configured access point"
def body = "<root>" +
"<value>5</value>" +
"</root>"
def base = "http://localhost:${wire.port()}"
def path = "/test/head/child"
def url = "$base$path"
stubFor(WireMock.head(urlMatching(path))
.withRequestBody(matching(".*"))
.willReturn(aResponse()
.withStatus(945)
.withHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml")
.withBody(body)));
when: "creating new request and making head request"
def response = when().head(url)
then: "created response should be decorated"
response instanceof ResponseDecorated
and: "returned status should be correct"
response.then().statusCode(945)
}
def "should return wrapped response during HEAD by URL with MAP parameters called from response"() {
given: "configured access point"
def body = "<root>" +
"<value>6</value>" +
"</root>"
def base = "http://localhost:${wire.port()}"
def path = "/test/head/book"
def url = "$base$path"
stubFor(WireMock.head(urlMatching("$path.*"))
.withRequestBody(matching(".*"))
.willReturn(aResponse()
.withStatus(203)
.withHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml")
.withBody(body)));
when: "creating new request and making head request"
def response = when().head("$url?status={status}", ["status": "available"])
then: "created response should be decorated"
response instanceof ResponseDecorated
and: "returned status should be correct"
response.then().statusCode(203)
}
def "should return wrapped response during HEAD by URL with array parameters called from response"() {
given: "configured access point"
def body = "<root>" +
"<value>7</value>" +
"</root>"
def base = "http://localhost:${wire.port()}"
def path = "/test/head/creature"
def url = "$base$path"
stubFor(WireMock.head(urlMatching("$path.*"))
.withRequestBody(matching(".*"))
.willReturn(aResponse()
.withStatus(506)
.withHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml")
.withBody(body)));
when: "creating new request and making head request"
def response = when().head("$url?status={status}", "available")
then: "created response should be decorated"
response instanceof ResponseDecorated
and: "returned status should be correct"
response.then().statusCode(506)
}
}
|
Feb. 21 (UPI) -- The Dutch lower house of parliament on Tuesday barely passed a bill to decriminalize cultivation of marijuana in the Netherlands, but its slim approval might signal that the proposal is in for a steeper hill to climb in the senate.
Marijuana is available in licensed Dutch "coffeeshops" for personal use but the actual production of the plant to supply those shops is illegal. As a result, retailers must open themselves to potential prosecution by growing their own pot or buying it from criminal networks.
On Tuesday, the lower house, the Second Chamber, voted largely along party lines in narrowly approving the proposal. Submitted by lawmaker Vera Bergkamp, a member of the liberal D66 party, the measure passed by just five votes, 77-72.
"One of my main motivations is to reduce as much as possible the risks to public health by regulating the cultivation can impose requirements on the production and hence on the quality," Bergkamp said. "Another important point is that we achieve the cultivation [for] coffee shops ... and thus remove trade for organized crime.
"This is an important step to end a stalemate that has lasted far too long."
Contrary to popular belief, marijuana is a controlled substance in the Netherlands -- but small-scale distribution by licensed shops has been condoned since the mid 1970s. The Dutch Ministry of Justice has a policy of tolerance for so-called "soft drugs," which covers cannabis, up to five grams. Large-scale dealing, cultivation, import and export, however, are heavily investigated and prosecuted by authorities.
The justice ministry's tolerance policy also allows cultivation of up to five marijuana plants. Supporters of the bill, however, argue that the government's legal view of marijuana cultivation directly conflicts with its tolerance for sales.
Tuesday's legislation, though, is thought to be unlikely to be passed by the senate, or First Chamber, BBC News reported. Prime Minister Mark Rutte opposes the measure.
Bergkamp said decriminalizing pot cultivation will wipe away the disconnect between the production and sale of marijuana, and make it safer for shops to acquire supplies of the drug.
If the legislation passes, marijuana production would be monitored and regulated -- and possibly taxed -- by the Dutch government.
|
A Day to Remember Concert Review (4/16, House of Blues, Cleveland)
I saw A Day to Remember Friday April 16th 2010 at the House of Blues in Cleveland. I can’t honestly say that I was overly familiar with the band before the event, but I did know a couple of the radio releases and I crammed in as many of their songs as possible on the hour drive to the show. The show was opening by Veara, followed by Enter Shikari.
Both seemingly unknown bands came out and put on a strong show, grasping the attention of the over packed audience. Up next in the lineup was Silverstein, A long contender in this rapidly expanding world of progressive-hardcore. My intentions were to spend this time getting to the front of the pit(which I did) because I really had no interest in this band but Silverstein really did a great job of removing the sour taste they leave in my mouth by playing a very solid set of songs I actually enjoyed. Entering the stage next was August Burns Red. I can’t say enough good things about this band. August Burns Red is perhaps the best young prog/math metal band on the market today.
They came out and absolutely tore the House of Blues apart. I’m not sure how many of these kids appreciated real metal before entering the show but I guarantee you that everyone walked out with their eyes opened. The strength of August Burns Red was the biggest weakness to A Day to Remember. The headliner came out and played a real solid show, but solid was all it was. The vocals were about 80%, good enough but a little too pitchy for my liking. The guitars were right on, but since they were playing the simplest of Drop-D tuning songs it was expected. My biggest complaint about their performance was by far the stage presence. They walked around and played their instruments.
They jumped together a couple times. They ran in place a couple of times. Nothing special, but ok.And then they started trying to act metal. They attempted to convince the audience to start mosh pits. They head-banged through those awful Drop-D breakdowns that every unsigned band at Peabody’s is playing.
They pretty much made themselves look stupid in my eyes. But maybe it would have been cool if they hadn’t followed one of the most talented metal bands around. The crowd absolutely went wild for A Day to Remember so they must be doing something right. If you’re a fan of the band, go see em live. They were good but they just didn’t wow me.
|
{
"type": "crafting_shapeless",
"group": "wooden_button",
"ingredients": [
{
"item": "biomesoplenty:fir_planks"
}
],
"result": {
"item": "biomesoplenty:fir_button"
}
}
|
The present invention relates to medical electrical leads generally and more particular to cardiac pacing and defibrillation leads.
When a cardiac pacemaker is implanted into a pediatric patient, the distal end of the lead carrying the electrode is anchored with respect to the heart and the proximal end of the lead is anchored to or near the pacemaker. As the patient grows, the distance between the pacemaker and the electrode at the distal end of the lead generally increases. It has long been recognized that it would be desirable to provide a mechanism to deal with this phenomenon. One proposed mechanism is to provide a sheath around the pacemaker in which the lead may loosely be looped, so that it may be pulled out of the sheath as the patient grows. This approach is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,013,081 issued to Kolenik.
An alternative approach is to provide a capsule or envelope in which the lead body may be loosely coiled or folded, allowing the lead body to be pulled from the capsule or envelope as the patient grows. This approach is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,913,587. A third approach is to provide a lead having a lead body which may be elongated, and a conductor therein which permits for some degree of stretch. One such lead is disclosed in European Patent application EP 0004667, in which the lead body is folded back upon itself to provide a concertina-type fold allowing for elongation of the lead body. In this lead, several such concertina folds are provided spaced along the length of the lead to allow for expansion at multiple individual locations along the lead.
In the context of leads employed in cochlear implants, as described in the article, Evaluation of Expandable Lead Wires for Pediatric Cochlear Implants, by ShiAng Xu et al, published in the American Journal of Otology, Vol. 14, No. 2, March, 1993, pages 151-160, an additional mechanism is proposed in which a generally straight, stranded conductor is coiled over a portion of its length and enveloped in an outer tube as a substitute for an envelope or enclosure.
|
Q:
simple php code syntax error
What is wrong with this code. It's giving me syntax error in the editor
$posts = if($row['plans'] == 1000) { 2 } elseif($row['plans'] == 1001){ 8 }else{ $row['posts'] }
A:
You can't assign like that. You have to do it like this.
if($row['plans'] == 1000) {
$posts = 2;
} elseif($row['plans'] == 1001) {
$posts = 8;
} else{
$posts = $row['posts'] }
A:
You can assign it like this
$posts = $row['plans'] == 1000 ? 2 : ($row['plans'] == 1001 ? 8 : $row['posts']);
|
The cast and crew of Disney’s Girl Meets World may have just started shooting the pilot yesterday, but they’re already getting some special visitors.
Last night, Rowan Blanchard, who was cast to play Cory and Topanga’s pre-teen daughter, tweeted a photo from the set with Boy Meets World alums Rider Strong and Will Friedle, who played Sean and Eric respectively. “Rider Strong and Will Friedle visited us. OH MY GOSH!” wrote Rowan, who was pictured alongside co-star Sabrina Carpenter.
So does this mean Uncle Shawn and Uncle Eric will be joining the series if it gets picked up? When EW spokeBoy Meets World creator Michael Jacobs, who is exec producing Girl Meets World, early last month he certainly seemed open to the idea. “I think there’s more than a chance,” he said. “I think there’s a strong chance.” After seeing this photo, we’re that much more hopeful.
|
Q:
MySQL fastest way to search by DATE if a record exist
I have found many way to search a mysql record by DATE
Method 1:
SELECT id FROM table WHERE datetime LIKE '2015-01-01%' LIMIT 1
Method 2 (same as method 1 + ORDER BY):
SELECT id FROM table WHERE datetime LIKE '2015-01-01%' ORDER BY datetime DESC LIMIT 1
Method 3:
SELECT id FROM table WHERE datetime BETWEEN '2015-01-01' AND '2015-01-01 23:59:59' LIMIT 1
Method 4:
SELECT id FROM table WHERE DATE_FORMAT( datetime, '%y.%m.%d' ) = DATE_FORMAT( '2015-01-01', '%y.%m.%d' )
Method 5 (I think is the slowest):
SELECT id FROM table WHERE DATE(`datetime`) = '2015-01-01' LIMIT 1
What is the fastest?
In my case the table has 1 million rows, and the date to search is always recent.
A:
The fastest of the methods you've mentioned is
SELECT id
FROM table
WHERE datetime BETWEEN '2015-01-01' AND '2015-01-01 23:59:59'
LIMIT 1
This is made fast when you create an index on the datetime column. The index can be random-accessed to find the first matching row, and then scanned until the last matching row. So it's not necessary to read the whole table, or even the whole index. And, when you use LIMIT 1, it just reads the single row. Very fast, even on an enormous table.
Your other means of search apply a function to each row:
datetime LIKE '2011-01-01%' casts datetime as a string for each row.
Methods 3,4, and 5 all use explicit functions like DATE() on the contents of each row.
The use of these functions defeats the use of indexes to find your data.
Pro tip: Don't use BETWEEN for date arithmetic because it handles the ending condition poorly. Instead use
WHERE datetime >= '2015-01-01'
AND datetime < '2015-01-02'
This performs just as well as BETWEEN and gets you out of having to write the last moment of 2015-01-01 explicitly as 23:59:59. That isn't correct with higher precision timestamps anyway.
|
Related
Former Taiwanese President Lee Teng-hui ’68 Ph.D., after undergoing minor heart surgery in Japan on Tuesday, confirmed yesterday that he would postpone his visit to the United States for about one month. The visit, which was slated to begin next Monday, also included a three-day stop at Cornell, his alma mater, so that the 78-year-old retired leader could visit his granddaughter and attend ceremonies for the establishment of the Lee Teng-hui Institute in Duffield Hall. “The delay is due to my physical condition,” Lee told reporters while on a plane heading back to Taipei from Osaka, according to Kyodo News. Lee’s visit to Cornell is now planned for May 29-31. “The doctors advised that he rest up before making the grueling trip,” said Linda Grace-Kobas, director of Cornell news service. Stabilizing A source close to the former president said his condition has yet to stabilize, adding that the five-day cardiac treatment at a hospital in western Japan took longer than expected, Muzi News reported. What was intended to be a simple post-operative check-up for the cardiac surgery Lee underwent last November, became more serious when doctors had to perform an unexpected coronary angioplasty surgery to correct further narrowing of his arteries. Hung Jui-sung, Lee’s personal Taiwan cardiologist who accompanied Lee to Japan, said that while the treatment went well, the former leader needs further medical attention upon his return to Taiwan, The Taipei Times reported. Inclement Weather He also said that the current cold weather on the East Coast is not suitable for Lee, given his condition. Kazuaki Mitsudo, the renowned Japanese physician in charge of the operation, said the procedure went smoothly and Lee can be considered much healthier than in November, when he last had an angioplasty in Taipei, Muzi News reported. Because of the new operation, Mitsudo said, a follow-up examination six months from now will be compulsory. However, it will not be necessary for Lee to return to Japan for the checkup. Although Lee has now returned to Taiwan for a few weeks of rest, the delay will not change the nature of his quiet visit to his alma mater, according to Henrik N. Dullea ’61, vice president for University relations. Even though he will be coming in the middle of the summer when the regular academic term is no longer in session, he will still refrain from making a public appearance, with the exception of a short photo opportunity for the press. “This will remain a low-profile visit. We don’t have any plans to change the basic program at all,” Dullea said. Lee was granted a five-year “tourist visa” to the U.S. last Saturday, the same day that Japan issued Lee a visa on “humanitarian grounds.” Lee stayed in Osaka and Kurashiki throughout his trip, honoring the Japanese government’s wish that he stay in western Japan, according to Muzi News. The typically outspoken Lee also refrained from making any politically sensitive comments that might exacerbate Japan’s already strained relationship with China. The visit, Lee’s first to Japan since a short stopover as vice president of Taiwan in 1985, drew concentrated media attention, with some 200 reporters from Taiwan and Japan covering the scene. Lee’s decision to postpone the U.S. trip may have been a bid to calm political tensions in East Asia, as Beijing has vehemently protested Lee’s Japan visit, according to some observers who voiced their opinions in Muzi news. The one-month delay could reduce U.S.-China tensions as well as cool relations between China and Taiwan, which have come under great strain following the Bush administration’s recent announcement on arms sales to the island. Grace-Kobas, however, said she believed that the recent political difficulties had little impact on Lee’s choice to push back a short, private visit to his alma mater. “The decision doesn’t appear to be related to the current political situation,” Grace-Kobas said. She added that postponing the visit, which would have coincided with Slope Day, may make the colossal celebrations more manageable for the University. “A few people were getting worried; It’s a massive event that requires all of the University’s attention and much of the surrounding community’s as well,” Grace-Kobas said. “We’re sorry that [Lee] has to rest for health reasons, but the delay will make Slope Day a little easier for us.” Archived article by Jennifer Roberts
An amazing run came to a quick end last night as the softball team (30-16, 11-3 Ivy) fell to Syracuse in both games of its double header, 4-1 and 2-0. The Orangewomen entered the game 15-22 on the season, having split games with Penn State on Tuesday. This sweep is the first by a Red opponent since Fairfield beat the team twice in March. Missing from the Red’s line up was its superb hitting. What had become a Red trademark failed to make the trip north with the team. Head coach Dick Blood acknowledged the team’s troubles at the plate. “We didn’t hit, we didn’t hit anything,” he commented. Erin Sweeny opened the scoring in game one with a first inning blast giving the Red a 1-0 lead. This, however, was the only time the Red would see the lead for the remainder of the opener. Senior Captain Charlotte Brombach noted the team’s troubles. “It was pretty tough,” she said. “Erin Sweeny hit a homerun, [and] then after that we couldn’t produce.” The night cap saw senior Nicole Zitarelli pitching what Blood called a brilliant five innings. However an error with two outs and two runners on in the fifth gave the Orangewomen the only runs it would need for the win. After allowing a single to Shanna Newell and a free pass to Tara DiMaggio, both with two outs, Zitarelli seemingly escaped the jam by fielding Cortney Nickerson’s comeback grounder. An error by Zitarelli on her throw to first, however, let the two runners cross the plate for a 2-0 lead. The team tried to battle back but was not able to produce. “We threatened once in each game,” commented Blood. “But their pitchers were very tough.” Despite the outcome, Brombach remained positive stating that “the loses were disappointing but good preparation for this weekend.” This preparation Brombach mentioned is for a double header tomorrow at Albany (18-17). Despite just skimming above a .500 record, the Danes are a tough ball club. Last year the squad posted a 28-7 record earning an ECAC bid. The team’s strength lies in its defense, especially its hurlers. On the mound, Albany has two very solid pitchers that will be looking to shut down the Red’s offense. Of this weekend, Blood is very upbeat. “We are looking forward to those games as a tune up for NCAAs or the playoffs if necessary.” He later added that he is “looking forward to the games this weekend to get back on track.” Getting back on track will be very important in order to keep its momentum for the postseason. The Red’s postseason destiny is actually out of the team’s control right now. Its fate will be decided on Saturday as Dartmouth and Harvard compete in a double header. A sweep by either team will find the Red in a playoff for the automatic NCAA bid. However, a split will give Cornell the outright league title and the automatic bid. Archived article by Kristen Haunss
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Ray White Commercial City South in conjunction with Raine and Horne Double Bay have the pleasure of offering shop 1, 483-485 Bronte Rd Bronte.
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Die jungen Berliner sind in Fragen des Klimaschutzes offenbar zu radikalen Lösungen bereit. Das zeigt eine aktuelle Umfrage des Meinungsforschungsinstitutes Forsa im Auftrag der Berliner Zeitung. So sagten 98 Prozent der 18- bis 29-Jährigen, dass Plastikverpackungen, Plastiktüten und Plastikbecher generell verboten werden sollten. In dieser Frage gibt es auch bei allen anderen Berlinern eine eindeutige Haltung: 81 Prozent sind für ein Verbot.
Interessant ist daran vor allem, dass es seit Jahren zwei gegenläufige Entwicklungen gibt: Einerseits steigt das Bewusstsein, dass das sogenannte Mikroplastik – also winzige Zerfallsrückstände von Kunststoffverpackungen – nicht nur in den Weltmeeren und im Boden zu einem ernsten Problem werden. Gleichzeitig gibt es gerade bei jüngeren Leuten den Trend, immer mehr Müll zu produzieren:
Wer heutzutage in einen bei jungen Leuten besonders angesagten Berliner Park geht, wird feststellen, dass mindestens die Hälfte des Mülls aus Wegwerf-Bechern aus Coffee-to-go-Shops besteht. Die klare Antwort der Berliner in dieser Frage zeigt aber, dass die Problemlage in den Köpfen der Leute sehr wohl präsent ist.
Linke weiterhin stärkste Partei
Die Umfrage zeigt auch, dass die rot-rot-grüne Landesregierung weiterhin eine Mehrheit hat. In der Sonntagsfrage zur Abgeordnetenhauswahl wäre die Linke auch im September 2018 die stärkste Partei, genau wie im August. Sie legt im September einen Prozentpunkt zu – als einzige Partei im aktuell regierenden Dreierbündnis. Die Linke käme damit aktuell auf 22 Prozent.
Die Grünen bleiben stabil bei 18 Prozent und liegen damit auf Platz zwei.
Die SPD, die die Wahl vor zwei Jahren im September 2016 noch mit 21,6 Prozent gewonnen hat, verliert in der aktuellen Umfrage einen weiteren Prozentpunkt und käme aktuell mit 16 Prozent nur noch auf Platz vier. Sie liegt hinter der CDU mit 17 Prozent, die fast das selbe Ergebnis hätte wie bei der Wahl. Die AfD steht bei 13, die FDP bei 7 Prozent.
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The race to pick a GOP candidate continues to heat up and by heat up we mean there’s lots of crazy bastards saying and doing crazy shit. With all that lunacy going on, how are you to know who to pick? We’re here to help!
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Q:
java.net.URI.relativize doesn't work with JAR URIs
I have two URI objects. One is pointing to a folder in a JAR file, and another is pointing to a file in the same JAR file. The file is in a subfolder of the directory specified by the first URI. I like to create a relative URI so the resulting URI only containing the relative path to the file in the JAR.
Folder URI
jar:file:/C:/Users/inagy/.m2/repository/hu/inagy/my-config-artifact/2.0-SNAPSHOT/my-config-artifact-2.0-SNAPSHOT.jar!/conf/
Resource URI
jar:file:/C:/Users/inagy/.m2/repository/hu/inagy/my-config-artifact/2.0-SNAPSHOT/my-config-artifact-2.0-SNAPSHOT.jar!/conf/somesubpath/someconfig.xml
After calling folderUri.relativize(resourceURI) i'm expecting the following URI as a result:
somesubpath/someconfig.xml
However i get resourceURI back which mean according to the URI class's Javadoc that the JDK code find this two paths non relative to each other.
Is this a bug or i'm doing something wrong?
A:
I've been mildly annoyed by this too. The answer has nothing do to with the semantics of JAR files—it has to do with the syntax of jar: URIs. To be "relativized," a URI has to be hierarchical and not opaque. You will note from the JavaDoc for java.net.URI that:
At the highest level a URI reference (hereinafter simply "URI") in string form has the syntax
[scheme:]scheme-specific-part[#fragment]
...
An opaque URI is an absolute URI whose scheme-specific part does not begin with a slash character ('/'). Opaque URIs are not subject to further parsing.
...
A hierarchical URI is subject to further parsing according to the syntax
[scheme:][//authority][path][?query][#fragment]
A JAR URI like jar:file:///home/me/foo.jar!/conf/ is parsed as:
scheme = jar
scheme-specific-part = file:///home/me/foo.jar!/conf/
fragment = (none)
Because the scheme-specific-part does not begin with "/," it cannot be considered a hierarchical URI. The URI class does not treat jar: (or any) URIs specially, so it cannot recognize that the file:// part is a nested URI that is hierarchical.
Since jar: URIs are opaque and not hierarchical, they are subject to the behavior documented for URI#relativize():
The relativization of the given URI against this URI is computed as
follows:
If either this URI or the given URI are opaque, [...], then the given URI is returned.
EDIT: Left out a crucial part about opaque URIs.
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Second and third deputation with Abu Talib
This is a sub-article to Muhammad before Medina.
Following the failed attempt from the Meccan polytheists to have those Muslims who were part of the second migration to Abyssinia expelled and handed back to their persecutors, the Meccans tried to negotiated with Muhammad's protector and uncle Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, who was still in Mecca with his nephew to have Muhammad ostracized, a significant demand from the Meccans considering that social death would often result in death or slavery in the Pre-Islamic Arabian culture ().
Historical sources do not give the exact date of these two meetings with Abu Talib. They seem, however more likely to have taken place in with a brief lapse of time in between.
Second deputation
Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib held significant power in Mecca as the head of the Banu Hashim, and this protection made it impossible to have Muhammad silenced or subjected to the kind of torture meted out against the Muslims without protection. The polytheist Meccan leaders approached Abu Talib again and insisted he put a stop to his nephew, Muhammad's preaching of monotheism (), warning that otherwise he would be faced with severe hostility.
Their enmity and open threats of a breach between Abu Talib's clan, the Banu Hashim and the rest of the Banu Quraish distressed Abu Talib who was aware of the cost that his nephew Muhammad had to pay if deserted . Abu Talib sent for Muhammad and told him the news, "Spare me and yourself and put not burden on me that I can’t bear". Muhammad thought that his uncle would let him down and would no longer support him, so he replied: "O my uncle! by God if they put the sun in my right hand and the moon in my left on condition that I abandon this course, until God has made me victorious, or I perish therein, I would not abandon it." Muhammad got up, and as he turned away, his uncle called back and then said "Go and preach what you please, for by God I will never forsake you."''. Abu Talib then recited two lines of verse with meanings of full support to Muhammad.
Third deputation
Realizing that Muhammad would not relent and that Abu Talib was not to forsake his nephew even when his clan was threatened, they tried and arranged for a third deputation. They brought Ammarah ibn Walid (), the son of the powerful and rich war-clan leader Walid ibn al-Mughira and brother of the undefeated general Khalid ibn al-Walid and said:
Abu Talib turned down all their offers and challenged them to do whatever they pleased.
Another account quotes:
He then recited a poem.
This is included in the Sirah Rasul Allah of Ibn Hisham.
References
External links
http://www.al-islam.org/restatement/10.htm
http://ahmadiyya.ws/text/books/mali/muhammadprophet/ch04stormyopposition_pf.shtml
Category:Life of Muhammad
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Product Information
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SiS (Science in Sport®) Limited is a leading sports nutrition company that develops, manufactures, and markets innovative sports supplements and nutrition products for use by professional athletes and sports enthusiasts. SiS (Science in Sport®) Limited (company number 2742833) was founded in 1992 and is a headquartered in London, EC1N. Our manufacturing facility is in Nelson, Lancashire, and all our products are thoroughly tested & certified through the Informed-Sport programme.
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Outback is put through its paces.
Ashley Rubens, winner of the competition to find the BVA member facing the toughest driving conditions in the UK, has spent the past few months putting a Subaru Outback through its paces.
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This invention relates to antimicrobial fabrics which are treated with a specific durable and regenerable halamine/chlorine system and methods of removing residual active chlorine from the target textile surface without reducing the antimicrobial activity of the textile. Such methods comprise contacting an amine-treated fabric first with a halogen-based bleach (or other halogenated liquid) to produce halamines at the fabric surface, and subsequently washing the resultant halogenated fabric with a reducing agent which removes the residual, unbonded halogen (such as chlorine) from the fabric surface but does not, surprisingly, remove the halamine halogen. The remaining halamine halogen thus provides the desired antimicrobial activity. As a result, a method of substantially reducing fabric discoloration, odor, and potential skin irritation due to the presence of amounts of residual unbonded halogen (such as chlorine) on the target fabric surface is provided which simultaneously permits sufficient amounts of halamine halogen (such as chloramine chlorine) to remain on the target fabric for optimum microbiocidal properties. A fabric treated in accordance with this method is also provided.
There has been a great deal of attention in recent years given to the hazards of antimicrobial contamination from potential everyday exposure. Noteworthy examples of such concern include the fatal consequences of food poisoning due to certain strains of Eschericia coli being found within undercooked beef in fast food restaurants; Salmonella contamination causing sicknesses from undercooked and unwashed poultry food products; and illnesses and skin infections attributed to Staphylococcus aureus, yeast, and other unicellular organisms. With such an increased consumer interest in this area, manufacturers have begun introducing antimicrobial agents, such as Triclosan, available from Ciba-Geigy under the tradename Irgasan(copyright), within various household products. For instance, certain brands of polypropylene cutting boards, liquid soaps, etc., all contain this very effective antimicrobial compound. Generally, the incorporation of triclosan within liquid or polymeric media has been relatively simple. However, there is a long-felt need to provide effective, durable, and long-lasting antimicrobial characteristics within textiles, in particular apparel fabrics, which is extremely difficult to accomplish with triclosan. There are commercially available textile products comprising acrylic and/or acetate fibers co-extruded with triclosan (for example Hoechst Celanese markets such acetate fabrics under the name Microsafe(trademark) and Courtaulds markets such acrylic polymer fabrics under the name Amicor(trademark)). However, such an application is limited to those types of fibers; it does not work specifically for and within polyester, polyamide, cotton, lycra, etc., fabrics.
Very recently, work has been undertaken to provide antimicrobial finishes to fabrics through the covalent bonding of certain nitrogen-containing groups, such as hydantoin, as merely one example, to individual fibers (such as cellulose fibers). Such nitrogen-containing groups (which may also include imines, amides, amines, imides, and the like) provide sites for the bonding and retention of chlorines (or other halogens) which ultimately provide the desired N-halamines which produce the desired antimicrobial characteristics. Such chlorines, and the like, are easily introduced to the textile surface through a washing process (such as with a chlorine bleach) during which some of the chlorines become bonded with the free accessible nitrogens on the hydantoins bonded to the fabric surface to produce N-halamines. Such N-halamines are, as noted above, very strong oxidants and are very effective against microorganisms. These halamines, this process, and the fabrics made thereby are more thoroughly discussed in U.S. Pat. 5,882,357 to Sun et al., herein entirely incorporated by reference and fabrics treated with certain nitrogen-containing compounds (again such as hydantoin, imines, imides, amides, and the like) are herewith denoted by the term xe2x80x9camine-treated fabric.xe2x80x9d This term is intended to encompass all fabrics which are treated with nitrogen-containing compounds which ultimately form of N-halamines upon contact with halogen bleaches (or other halogenated liquids, including solid bleach-containing detergents which dissolve in water to form a liquid). Such fabrics are formed in accordance with the Sun et al. patent, noted above, as an example, and the nitrogen-containing compounds include those which include triazine, hydantoin, imidazolidinone groups, and the like. The term xe2x80x9chalamine-treated fabricxe2x80x9d thus is intended to encompass any amine-treated fabric which has been contacted with and has retained halogens within the nitrogen-containing groups on the amine-treated fabric surface. Such halamine-treated fabric provides long-term wearability and also allows for replenishment of any removed or used antimicrobial halalamine halogen (such as chloramine chlorine). Subsequent washes with bleach, for example, will create halamines by reacting with xe2x80x9cvacantxe2x80x9d hydantoin groups. Thus, although the chlorine (or other halogen) may be removed or rendered unusable for antimicrobial activity, fresh supplies of chlorine, and the like, may be introduced and bonded with the hydantoin surface treatment over time to regenerate the microbiocidal capability of the target fabric.
This halamine treatment unfortunately also results in a substantial amount of adsorbed active chlorine (or other halogens) remaining on the surface of the fabric in addition to covalently bonded halamines, after each bleach (or similar halogen-containing liquid) wash. Such residual adsorbed halogen (chlorine, for instance), as is well known, produces an highly unpleasant odor, discolors fabrics, particularly those with dyes and colorants therein, and can cause irritation to a wearer""s skin (if the target fabric is incorporated within apparel, for instance). Such circumstances associated with this halamine antimicrobial system have proven problematic for the incorporation of such a promising antimicrobial system and process within apparel and other textile applications in which human contact occurs. Thus, there has been noticed a necessity for providing a subsequent treatment for readily removing substantially all of the unbonded residual active chlorine (or other halogen) from the target fabric surface while also permitting the continued bonding of the antimicrobial chlorine within the halamine. Such a procedure would reduce the deleterious odor and skin irritation prevalent in the fabrics now produced with this method. However, the prior art has not provided such an improvement for halamine antimicrobial systems to date.
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Previous Speakers
Dr. Steve Perry
Dr. Steve Perry has become a national icon in the education revolution, a change agent who is tireless in his fight for providing equal and competitive opportunities for children who otherwise would not have a voice. Dr. Perry’s commitment to excellence in education led him to start Capital Preparatory Schools in 2012 with the objective to open schools that provide as many low income students/families with an educational experience that he considers a right not just an opportunity. His passion, advocacy and commitment to education can also be seen through his additional works; CNN’s Black in America series, Education Contributor for CNN and MSNBC, an Essence Magazine columnist, and host of the #1 docudrama for TVONE “Save My Son.” He shares his keys to success and calls to action in his latest best-selling book, “Push Has Come To Shove: Getting Our Kids The Education They Deserve – Even If It Means Picking A Fight.”
This event was held on January 27, 2016 at 7:00 PM at the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by the Office of the Vice President for Student Affairs & Enrollment Management and the Multicultural Student Center.
Jose Antonio Vargas
Jose Antonio Vargas is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, filmmaker, and media publisher whose work centers on the changing American identity. He is the founder of Define American, a non-profit media and culture organization that seeks to elevate the conversation around immigration and citizenship in America; and the founder and editor of #EmergingUS, a digital platform that lives at the intersection of race, immigration, and identity in a multicultural America. #EmergingUS is the first-ever media property owned by an undocumented immigrant.
This event was held on February 2, 2016 at 7:00 PM at the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by the Multicultural Student Center, CLEC, First Year Experience, Center for Irish Research and Teaching, College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences, College of Education, College of Health and Human Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, the Office of International Programs and Services, the Honors Program, and Institute for Public and Nonprofit Studies.
Kevin Breel
As a mental health activist, Kevin is the National Spokesperson for the Bell LET’S TALK Campaign and has been a guest speaker at more than 100 college campuses. His work has been featured by The Huffington Post, MTV, CNN, The TODAY Show on NBC, Mashable and The Wall Street Journal. His passionate TEDx talk entitled “Confessions of a Depressed Comic” went instantly viral online- with more than half a million views in less than 30 days. It continued to go on to amass more than 3,000,000 viewers and be featured on more than 200+ media outlets. Bringing a personality full warmth, humour and unparalleled honesty and channeling it in to topics people tend not to talk about, Kevin has become an in demand guest speaker at colleges and universities all over North America.
This event was held on February 11, 2016 at 7:00 PM at the Russell Union Ballroom. The event was sponsored by the University Wellness Program and the Vice President for Student Affairs & Enrollment Management.
Mara Liasson, Ted Koppel, and Eugene Robinson
Georgia Southern University hosted professional journalists Ted Koppel, Mara Liasson and Eugene Robinson on March 23, 2016 7 PM at Hanner Fieldhouse to discuss “2016 Elections: Voting as an Informed Citizen.” The discussion was focused on the current political climate and upcoming 2016 elections.
This event was sponsored by Office of Leadership & Community Engagement and the Vice President for Student Affairs & Enrollment Management.
Tim Mousseau
In this keynote, Tim leads a deep and vulnerable conversation on the difficult topic of sexual assault drawing from his own experiences and countless interactions with others in support groups. Why is an underlying culture of shame implicit, and how can it be stopped? Tim will help your communities understand the background information needed to facilitate healthy conversations on sexual assault, resources to assist in the survivor recovery process, and how the power of our personal and community stories can be utilized in prevention. Students will leave feeling prepared to create a culture of compassion while realistically facing an issue prevalent on campuses across the country.
This event was held on March 29, 2016 at 7:00 PM at the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by University Wellness Program, Health Services, and CLEC.
Patrick Combs
Patrick Combs is a career coach and best-selling author that travels coast-to-coast teaching college students how to Major in Success. The book, appropriately titled Major in Success, provides information regarding which types of involvement will benefit students most after college. It also points out ways to become a dedicated student in order to make your college experience easier. Patrick discusses the importance of the “unassigned homework.” What “unassigned homework” do you plan to start this semester to get ahead in your career?
This event was held on September 20, 2016 at 2:00 PM and 7:00 PM at the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by the Office of Career Services.
Dennis Gillan
Dennis Gillan is an ordinary guy with an extraordinary story of perseverance & recovery. After years of silence regarding the suicide deaths of his two brothers, Dennis is sharing his story of survival.
This event was held on September 26, 2016 at 7:00 PM at the Russell Union Ballroom. The event was sponsored by University Wellness Program, Vice President of Student Affairs & Enrollment Management, Health Services, and the Counseling Center.
Dr. Maura Cullen
Dr. Maura Cullen has been referred to as being the best there is at simplifying the complex issues of diversity in an entertaining and educational manner. Since 1987, Dr. Cullen has been capturing the hearts and minds of people with her dynamic seminars and speaking engagements throughout the United States, Canada and Australia. Maura is considered one of the foremost authorities on issues of diversity and leadership having worked with over 500 organizations with audiences ranging from 8 to 8,000 people..
This event was held on September 27, 2016 at 6:00 PM and 8:00 PM at the Russell Union Ballroom. The event was sponsored by the Multicultural Student Center.
Mark Fenton
Build communities that support a healthier, more physically active population, and more sustainable and enjoyable lifestyles. Mark Fenton is a public health, planning, and transportation consultant who is trying to help America find its way to more active and more livable cities, towns, and neighborhoods. He works with organizations and communities around the country to build environments, policies, and programs that help to create places where more people walk, bicycle, and take transit more of the time. Active community designs lead to economically, environmentally, and socially thriving cities, towns, and rural settings where people of all ages, abilities, and incomes lead long, vibrant lives.
This event was held on February 10, 2015 at 7:00 PM at the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by the College of Health & Human Science, Center for Sustainability, and the University Wellness Program.
Jake Byczkowski
Jake Byczkowski, with CAMPUSPEAK, asks, “Why do many college students continue to drink even after experiencing alcohol related harm?” He guides students through his personal journey to discovering his own drinking problem, and reveals how he created a solution specific to his own needs. He approaches the topic with healthy humor and relatable stories, and he changes the way students think about the culture of alcohol that many rely heavily upon in college. Jake challenges the conventional definitions of common terms associated with alcohol abuse, such as “problem drinking” and “binge drinking.” He sheds new light on these topics and brings a modern twist to the discussion of harm reduction. Jake’s message is not that alcohol is bad; rather, the harm and danger that can come along with it is the problem.
This event was held on February 17, 2015 at 7:00 PM at the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by University Wellness Program, Health Services, Alcohol & Other Drugs, and the Counseling & Career Development Center.
Michele Norris
It was our pleasure to welcome Michele Norris as our 2015 MLK Commemoration speaker . This annual event is an opportunity for the campus and local community to gather and celebrate the life and legacy of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Award-winning journalist Michele Norris is one of the most trusted voices in American Journalism. Her voice informs, engages and enlightens listeners with thoughtful interviews and in depth reporting as one of the hosts of NPR’s longest-running national flagship program, All Things Considered until 2012. While on sabbatical, Norris spent a time traveling the country and developing two successful initiatives: The Race Card Project and NPR’s Backseat Book Club. In her 2010 book, The Grace of Silence: A Memoir, Norris focuses on how America talks about race in the wake of the Obama presidential election, and explores her own family’s racial legacy.
This event was held on February 18, 2015 at 7:00 PM at the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by the Multicultural Student Center and the Office of the Vice President of Student Affairs & Enrollment Management
Zohra Sarwari
Are all Muslims terrorists? What does Islam say about “terrorism’? What is behind the veil?
This is a golden opportunity to change the way students think about Muslims and other religions. Over 50% of Americans have no basic understanding of the Muslim faith, which causes discrimination and intolerance on campuses. An Orthodox Muslim, Zohra has faced many challenges. Her personal journey began at the age of six when she came to America from Afghanistan. Her parents could barely speak English when they arrived, and toiled in low-paying jobs just to make ends meet. Zohra married at the age of 19, and went on to acquire a Bachelor’s degree, and MBA and is currently working on a Bachelor degree in Islamic Studies. Since a young age, she has been exposed to intolerance and bigotry, initially when living in New York City; then moving to the suburbs of Virginia; to high school in California; and finally residing in a seemingly bucolic Mid-western city in Indiana. Zohra mixes her humor, enthusiasm and passion with inspirational stories that will empower your audience to understand terrorism, Islam and Muslims in today’s society.
This event was held on March 5, 2015 at 6:00 PM at the Nessmith Lane Assembly Hall. The event was sponsored by the Arabic Club, the Center for International Studies, Multicultural Student Center, the Department of Foreign Languages and the Campus Life Enrichment Committee (CLEC)
Archie Manning
When people think of Archie Manning, they think football. But Archie’s appeal transcends his athletic achievements. People far and wide have been inspired by his warm personality, his drive and sense of humor. He was selected Father of the Year by the National Father’s Day Council. He currently serves in public relations and consulting capacities for several local, regional and national companies, including Gatorade, Liberty Mutual Coach of the Year, Direct TV and Zurich. For 25 years he hosted four Archie Manning Cystic Fibrosis benefit golf tournaments in Louisiana and Mississippi and is active in a wide variety of charitable and civic causes.
While in pro football, he received the Byron “Whizzer” White Humanitarian Award, the Bart Starr Humanitarian Award, the Spirit of Good Sports Award from the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association, and the U.S. Jaycees named him one of 10 Outstanding Young Americans. In 2005 Archie received the Legends award from the Davey O’Brien Foundation and the Aspire award, a tribute to life’s coaches, from the Cal Ripken Foundation. Archie was honored by the United States Sports Academy with the 2006 Distinguished Service Award. Also, he received the Silver Buffalo, the Boy Scouts of America’s highest award. Archie received the Reds Bagnell Award from the Maxwell Football Club, he was the 51st winner of the Bert Bell Award, and was honored at the Super Bowl in New Orleans with the Pat Summerall Award. Archie and his wife Olivia were recipients of the National Pathfinder Award for their work in post-Hurricane Katrina.
This event was held on March 24, 2015 at 7:00 PM at Hanner Fieldhouse. The event was sponsored by the Office of Student Leadership and Civic Engagement and the Office of the Vice President of Student Affairs & Enrollment Management.
Patti Solis Doyle
Patti Solis Doyle is the former campaign manager for Hillary Clinton for President and the first Hispanic woman to lead a presidential effort in the United States. She previously served in the White House as an Assistant to the President and as Director of Scheduling and Advance for the First Lady. Solis Doyle has been honored by Hispanic Magazine with the “2007 Latinas of Excellence Award” for her accomplishments in the area of government, politics and civil leadership. She also received Siempre Mujer magazine’s Siempre Inspiran award, honoring remarkable Latinas whose achievements and contributions to their communities are helping shape the future of Hispanic women in this country. Hispanic Business Magazine recently counted her among America’s 100 Most Influential Hispanics.
This event was held on September 16, 2015 at 6:30 PM at the Russel Union Ballroom. The event was sponsored by the Multicultural Student Center.
Patrick Combs
The Office of Career Services was proud to bring back award winning author, Patrick Combs for the 9th year! His dynamic presentation, “Major in Success” focuses on the following areas: five steps to land a great job after graduation; how to discover your true passion; how to Triumph over fears; how to beat a tough job market and much more!
The event was held on September 22, 2015 in the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by Career Services.
Dr. Maura Cullen
Many of our conversations around diversity have us walking on eggshells. This program offered practical ways to quickly transform the quality and effectiveness of our interactions. Participants learned ten very common statements that are often well intended but may be offensive. Knowing the actual statements is helpful, however, the real learning comes by implementing the ten core concepts that ultimately increases diversity skills and competency for you and those you work with.
This event was held on September 28, 2015 at 6:00 PM at the Russell Union Ballroom. The event was sponsored by the Multicultural Student Center.
Wilson Okello
Wilson Okello is a Spoken Word Poet and educator who speaks right to the heart of the matter. His presentation asked students to reflect on their personal story, examine their truth as a leader and ask who they want to be in a socially just community.
This event was held on November 6, 2015 at 2:00 PM at the Nessmith-Lane Auditorium. The event was sponsored by University Housing.
Andrew Young
This annual event is an opportunity for the campus and local community to gather and celebrate the life and legacy of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Andrew Young has led a lifetime of public service and worked tirelessly to improve human and civil rights around the world. He has served as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, U.S. Congressman and Atlanta Mayor. He is a best-selling author and an Emmy-nominated television show producer of “Andrew Young Presents” through the Andrew Young Foundation which works to end racism, war and poverty.
This event was held on January 22, 2014 at 7:00 PM at the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by Multicultural Student Center and the Vice President of Student Affairs & Enrollment Management.
Heather Maggs
This program offered proactive safety tips for: party situations, safe sex, binge drinking, predatory drugs, air/car/hotel safety, and ways to avoid crime targeted at tourists. Heather Maggs demonstrated her favorite self-defense techniques that could be used to escape a violent confrontation. Using her signature style of combining humor with straight talk, students were urged to have a blast on spring break…but to make safe choices in the process.
This event was held on March 4, 2014 at 7:00 PM at the Russell Union Ballroom. The event was sponsored by Health Services Office of Health Education.
Travis A. Williams
The new documentary Gideon’s Army follows a group of young public defenders in the Deep South who contend with low pay, long hours, and staggering caseloads to represent the poor. The film’s title comes from the landmark 1963 Supreme Court ruling in Gideon v. Wainwright that established the right to counsel to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys. Subject of Gideon’s Army, Travis A. Williams, dives deep into the discussion of the deficiencies of the US criminal justice system, including mass incarceration, and what it takes to maintain the passion and commitment to be a public defender.
This event was held on March 25, 2014 at 7:00 PM at the Russell Union Ballroom. The event was sponsored by the Sociological Society, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Multicultural Student Center, Justice Studies Club, NAACP, Association of Latin American Students, and Campus Life Enrichment Committee.
Dr. Maura Cullen
Many of our conversations around diversity have us walking on eggshells. This program offered practical ways to quickly transform the quality and effectiveness of our interactions. Participants learned ten very common statements that are often well intended but may be offensive. Knowing the actual statements is helpful, however, the real learning comes by implementing the ten core concepts that ultimately increases diversity skills and competency for you and those you work with.
This event was held on March 27, 2014 at 6:00 PM at the Russell Union Ballroom. The event was sponsored by University Housing, Multicultural Student Center,Vice President for Student Affairs & Enrollment Management, University Wellness Program, Student Activities, Fraternity & Sorority Life, and Leadership & Civic Engagement.
Dr. Michael Moloney
In this compelling, illustrated talk, the world–‐renowned musician and musicologist, Dr. Mick Moloney, revealed how African and Irish musical traditions blended together in the Blue Ridge region of Appalachia to power forward the development of a distinctive American musical tradition. Moloney, the Global Distinguished Professor of Music at New York University, is renowned for the engaging quality of his lectures, which are enlivened by performance snippets.
This event was held on April 1, 2014 at 7:00 PM at the Nessmith-Lane Auditorium. The event was sponsored by the Multicultural Student Center, Center for Irish Research and Teaching, and Campus Life Enrichment Committee.
Dr. Moloney was also be featured on April 2, 2014 at 10:00 AM inside the Foy Building’s Carroll Recital Hall with his talk, “The American Popular Song: If It Weren’t for the Irish and the Jews.”
Dr. Steven Chu
Dr. Steven Chu, Nobel Prize Winner in Physics and former U.S. Secretary of Energy, will be the keynote speaker for No Impact Week. A distinguished physicist, innovative professor and the first science laureate to serve as U.S. Secretary of Energy, Dr. Steven Chu offered insight on our energy future—and how advances in science are the key to solving our most confounding global issues.
This event was held on April 15, 2014 at 7:00 PM at the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by the College of Science and Mathematics, Department of Physics, Center for Sustainability, Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Development, University Wellness Program.
Dr. Maura Cullen
Many of our conversations around diversity have us walking on eggshells. This program offers practical ways to quickly transform the quality and effectiveness of our interactions. Students will learn ten very common statements that are often well intended but may be offensive. Knowing the actual statements is helpful, however, the real learning comes by implementing the ten core concepts that ultimately increase diversity skills and competency for you and those you work with.
This event was held on September 3, 2014 at 6:00 PM and 8:00 PM at the Russell Union Ballroom. The event was sponsored by Multicultural Student Center.
Adriana Bosch
Adriana Bosch, award winning producer of the three-part, six-hour documentary series LATINO AMERICANS was the keynote speaker for Hispanic Heritage Month. LATINO AMERICANS, which aired on PBS in fall 2013, is a landmark six-hour documentary featuring interviews with nearly 100 Latinos and more than 500 years of history. It is the first major documentary series for television to chronicle the rich and varied history and experiences of Latinos, who have helped shape North America over the last 500-plus years and have become, with more than 50 million people, the largest minority group in the U.S. Adriana Bosch has written, directed, and edited acclaimed political and social documentaries for over two decades. Well known for her presidential biographies for PBS’s American Experience, her other films include The Great Fever (2006), a story about a Cuban doctor, Carlos Finlay and her two-hour special Fidel Castro (2005).
Ms. Bosch’s presentation was held on September 16, 2014 and was sponsored by the Multicultural Student Center.
Patrick Combs
The Office of Career Services was proud to bring back award winning author, Patrick Combs for the 9th year! His dynamic presentation, “Major in Success” focuses on the following areas: five steps to land a great job after graduation; how to discover your true passion; how to Triumph over fears; how to beat a tough job market and much more!
The event was held on September 24, 2014 in the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by Career Services.
Reid Mihalko
Reid has appeared on CBS’ “The Doctors,” Oprah’s “Our America with Lisa Ling” on OWN, Bravo’s “Miss Advised,” the Emmy award-winning talk show “Montel,” Fox News, VH1, Showtime’s “Penn & Teller’s Bullsh**t!,” on NPR, Sirius’ Maxim Radio and Cosmo Radio, and in Marie Claire, GQ, Details, Seventeen, People, Newsweek, The Washington Post and the National Enquirer, as well as media across the globe in 27 countries and at least 14 languages.
Mr. Mihalko’s program “Class is in Session: Sexual Study Guide,” was presented on September 25, 2014 and sponsored by Health Services.
Ernesto Mejia
Ernesto, the proud son of Mexican immigrants, is a true example of the American dream. Diagnosed with the rare disease of Guillain-Barré Syndrome at the age of 16 that left him temporarily paralyzed, he was not supposed to be a successful student, much less a College Dean of Students. Through his hardships, Ernesto learned to never give up on life, and now he coaches and lectures on never giving up on the American dream: Education.
Ernesto was the Hispanic Heritage Month Speaker on October 3, 2013 in the Russell Union Theater. His appearance was sponsored by the Multicultural Student Center.
Patrick Combs
The Office of Career Services was proud to bring back award winning author, Patrick Combs for the 8th year! His dynamic presentation, “Major in Success” focuses on the following areas: five steps to land a great job after graduation; how to discover your true passion; how to Triumph over fears; how to beat a tough job market and much more!
The event was held on September 25, 2013 in the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by Career Services and the Campus Life Enrichment Committee (CLEC)
Laura Bush
One of the most beloved and admired American First Ladies, for decades Laura Bush has championed key issues in the fields of education, health care, and human rights. She has traveled to more than seventy-six countries, including two historic solo trips to Afghanistan, and has launched groundbreaking education and healthcare programs in the U.S. and abroad. The author of the bestselling memoir, Spoken From The Heart, Mrs. Bush also founded both the Texas Book Festival and the National Book Festival in Washington D.C. Today, as the Chair of the Woman’s Initiative at the George W. Bush Institute, Mrs. Bush continues her work on global healthcare innovations, empowering women in emerging democracies, education reform, and supporting the men and women who have served in America’s military.
Born in Midland, Texas to Jenna and Harold Welch, Laura Bush holds a degree in education and a master’s degree in library science. She taught in public schools in Dallas, Houston, and Austin, and worked as a public school librarian. She was jokingly dubbed “the old maid of Midland” before her 1977 marriage to George W. Bush, “Midland’s most eligible bachelor.” The Bushes are the parents of twin daughters, Barbara and Jenna.
The event was held on September 17, 2013 at Hanner Fieldhouse from 7:00-8:00 PM. The event was sponsored by The Office of the Vice President for Student Affairs & Enrollment Management and the Office of Student Leadership & Civic Engagement.
Carrie Zimmerman
Program Description:
The program asks students to take responsibility for themselves, and work towards creating a respectful, caring community. Throughout this presentation we incorporate the mission and values of GSU, and ask our community to hold one another to the highest standards of respect and civility. This powerful program uses pop culture references, multi-media components, current news clips and the strongest voice of all – our own students – to make an impact. The structure of the presentation ensures that the conversation will continue long after the program has ended. The presentation is a balance of levity and urgency, reality and inspiration. It uses real life language and situations, and most importantly it empowers students to create a campus culture that includes rather than excludes, embraces rather than marginalizes. Students will walk away having a greater understanding as to what it means to be a part of the Eagle Nation.
Van Jones
Van Jones was the keynote speaker for Georgia Southern’s 3rd Annual No Impact Week presentation at 7:00 PM on April 17, 2013 at the Performing Arts Center. Van Jones is president and co-founder of Rebuild the Dream, a platform for bottom-up, people-powered innovations to help fix the U.S. economy. A Yale-educated attorney, he has written two New York Times Best Sellers: The Green Collar Economy, the definitive book on green jobs, and Rebuild the Dream, a roadmap for progressives in 2012 and beyond. Van is the founder of Green For All, a national organization working to get green jobs to disadvantaged communities. He was the main advocate for the Green Jobs Act; signed into law by George W. Bush in 2007, the Act was the first piece of federal legislation to codify the term “green jobs.” Under the Obama administration, the Green Jobs Act has resulted in $500 million for green job training nationally. In 2009, Van worked as the green jobs advisor to the Obama White House. There, he helped run the inter-agency process that oversaw $80 billion in green energy recovery spending.
His seminar was hosted by the Center for Sustainability in partnership with the Multicultural Student Center and with support from CLEC, the Office of the Vice President for Research & Economic Development, and the College of Science and Mathematics.
Soledad O’Brien
CNN anchor Soledad O’Brien was the featured speaker during Georgia Southern University’s 2013 MLK celebration. O’Brien’s theme focused on social justice, public service and continuing the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Soledad O’Brien is a veteran, Emmy award-winning journalist who anchors the CNN morning show Starting Point with Soledad O’Brien. She has traveled the world covering stories and producing documentaries focusing on minorities and their challenges and struggles in America.
Soledad’s appearance was sponsored by the Office of Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management and the Multicultural Student Center.
President Jimmy Carter & First Lady Rosalynn Carter
Jimmy Carter served as President from 1977 to 1981. Successful in the Camp David Accords, the Panama Canal Treaties, and SALT II treaty with the Soviet Union, he may be most notable for his admirable humanitarian efforts following his presidency. Since leaving office, Carter has gained a reputation as a tireless champion for social justice. In 1982, he founded The Carter Center, a nonpartisan and nonprofit center that addresses national and international issues of public policy. He is a University Distinguished Professor at Emory University in Atlanta, Ga. and is the author of 27 books. On Dec. 10, 2002, the Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded the Nobel Peace Prize to Carter “for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development.
Former First Lady Rosalynn Carter has worked for more than three decades to improve the quality of life for people around the world. Today, she is an advocate for mental health, caregiving, early childhood immunization, human rights and conflict resolution through her work at The Carter Center in Atlanta, Ga. A full partner with the President in all the Center’s activities, the former First Lady is a member of the Carter Center Board of Trustees.
Mrs. Carter served as distinguished centennial lecturer at Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Ga., from 1988-1992 and is currently a distinguished fellow at the Emory University Department of Women’s Studies in Atlanta. She is a graduate of Georgia Southwestern College where she serves as president of the board of directors for the Rosalynn Carter Institute for Caregiving. Mrs. Carter has received numerous honors including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, America’s highest civilian honor. She has written five books and continues to travel and speak throughout the world. A mother of four, she has maintained a lifelong dedication to issues affecting women and children.
The Carters’ program was presented on Tuesday, February 12, 2013 at 7:00 PM in Hanner Fieldhouse. The event was sponsored by the Office of the Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management and Office of Student Leadership and Civic Engagement.
Richard “Dick” Gregory
An African American civil rights activist and comedian whose social satire changed the way white Americans perceived African American comedians. Through the 1960s, Gregory spent time on social issues and participated in marches and parades to support a range of causes, including opposition to the Vietnam War, world hunger, and drug abuse in addition to fasting in protest more than sixty times. Inspired by the work of leaders such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and organizations such as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Gregory took part in the Civil Rights Movement and used his celebrity status to draw attention to issues of segregation and disfranchisement. When local Mississippi governments stopped distributing Federal food surpluses to poor blacks in areas where SNCC was encouraging voter registration, Gregory chartered a plane to bring in tons of food. He participated in SNCC’s voter registration drives and in sit-ins to protest segregation.
Mr. Gregory was the 2012 Martin King Luther King Day Celebration speaker on Thursday, January 26, 2012 at 7:00 PM in the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by the Multicultural Student Center and Office of the Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management.
Reza Aslan and Jessica Jackley
Improvements in technology have led to an explosion in the use of social media throughout the world. Going beyond common social networking, the couple presented on the international impact social media is having on politics, activism, and philanthropy.
Mr. Aslan and Ms. Jackley presented The Promise and Peril of Social Media on Monday, January 30, 2012 at 7:00 PM in the Russell Union Ballroom. The event was sponsored by the Office of Student Leadership and Civic Engagement.
The Buried Life
Members of The Buried Life cast were the keynote speakers for the Life after College Conference, an event designed to prepare students for their job search and life after college. The goal of their program was to provide motivation and encouragement as students begin their job search process and help them learn first-hand that they can accomplish any goal that they set.
The Buried Life originated in 2006 when four now-twenty-something’s set out in an old RV to complete a list of “100 Things We Want To Do Before We Die,” and help strangers along the way accomplish something on their own lists. They work to keep it authentic to their original vision: “Simple and practical things demonstrate that, with creativity and the help of others, a person can accomplish anything; anything is possible.” During their presentation, they provide advice about reaching your goals, working with others, and treating others with respect.
The Buried Life program was presented on Monday, February 20, 2012 at 7:00 PM in the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by Career Services and the University Wellness Program.
Dr. Sandy Grande
Dr. Sandy Grande is an Associate Professor of Education at Connecticut College. Her current research examines the intersections between critical theory and American Indian Intellectualism. Her approach is profoundly inter- and cross-disciplinary, and has included the integration of critical, feminist, and Marxist theories of education with the concerns of American Indian and environmental education.
Dr. Grande presented Deconstructing the White Man’s Indian on Wednesday, February 22, 2012 at 7:00 PM in the William Center Multipurpose Room. The event was sponsored by the Multicultural Student Center.
Dr. Chang’aa Mweti
Dr. Mweti is an inspiring storyteller originally from Kenya and currently an assistant professor of education at the University of Minnesota in Duluth, Minnesota. Using dramatic skits and African music, a sitting stool, walking stick, and native clothes, he tells both his own humorous story, ” Coming to American, ” about cultural differences and a traditional African story, ” A Father’s Gift to His Children, ” about the power of unity.
Dr. Mweti presented African Storyteller on Thursday, March 8, 2012 at 7:00 PM in the Russell Union Theater. The event was sponsored by the Multicultural Student Center.
Rudy Giuliani
As Mayor Rudy Giuliani began his first mayoral term, he inherited a New York City awash with violence, a crumbling infrastructure and residential flight to the suburbs. A TIME magazine cover story summed up the conditions as “The Rotting of the Big Apple” TIME put New York City on its cover 10 years later, and thanks in large part to Giuliani, the magazine revisited its assessment of the city by touting it as America’s safest city where economic development thrived and families flocked to live. Just when New Yorkers were beginning to enjoy the city’s revitalization, the unimaginable hit on 9-11. Giuliani swiftly marshaled his remarkable leadership skills to pull his city, and perhaps the entire nation, through the crisis. It was no accident that Giuliani was able to accomplish miracles during those grim days.
Mayor Giuliani presented Principled Leadership: In the Face of Change and Crisis on Wednesday, March 28, 2012 at 7:00 PM in the Hanner Fieldhouse. The event was sponsored by the Offices of the Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management and Student Leadership and Civic Engagement.
Keith Farrell
Ireland born, Keith Farrell lectures on the subject of Oliver Cromwell’ s mid-seventeenth century invasion of Ireland. The Cromwellian invasion of Ireland and the Irish Confederate Wars are an example of the clash of cultures and divisions within society. Cromwell’ s invasion drove some of those competing interest together in the face of what was perceived as an attack by outside forces on Ireland. This was also a defining moment in the creation of a unitary Irish national identity made up from what had been competing Celtic-Irish, Norman, and Old English interest. Cromwell’ s invasion of Ireland is still a matter of continuing international importance.
Mr. Farrell presented Oliver Cromwell In Ireland: Multicultural Showdown in 17th Century Europe on Tuesday, April 3, 2012 at 7:00 PM in the Williams Center Multipurpose Room. The event was sponsored by Multicultural Student Center, Irish Studies, and Campus Life Enrichment Committee.
Madeleine Albright
Former U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright spoke at Georgia Southern University’s Hanner Fieldhouse on Tuesday, September 18 at 7p.m. The event was sponsored by the Offices of the Vice President for Student Affairs & Enrollment Management and Student Leadership & Civic Engagement.
Albright was chosen by President Clinton as the first female U.S. Secretary of State in 1997. At the time, she was the highest ranking woman in the history of the U.S. government. Albright will receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian honor, from President Obama later this spring.
Prior to becoming Secretary of State, Albright served as the U.S. Permanent Ambassador to the United Nations from 1993-1997. She is a professor in the Practice of Diplomacy at the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service and chairs both the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, the Pew Global Attitudes Project and serves as president of the Truman Scholarship Foundation and a member of an advisory body, the U.S. Defense Department’s Defense Policy Board.
Albright is chair of Albright Stonebridge Group, a global strategy firm, and chair of Albright Capital Management LLC, an investment advisory firm focused on emerging markets. She is also the author of five best-selling books, including Prague Winter: A Personal Story of Remembrance and War: 1937-1948.
Tim Wise
Tim Wise is among the most prominent anti-racist writers and activists in the U.S. He has spoken in 48 states and on over 350 college campuses, including Harvard, Stanford, and the Law Schools at Yale and Columbia. Wise has provided anti-racism training to teachers nationwide, and with physicians and medical industry professionals on how to combat racial inequities in health care. He has trained corporate, government, and law enforcement officials on methods for dismantling racism in their institutions and has served as a consultant for plaintiff’s attorneys in federal discrimination cases in New York and Washington State.
Mr. Wise presented White Like Me on Thursday, September 20, 2012 at 3:30 PM and 7:00 PM in the Russell Union Ballroom. The event was sponsored by the Multicultural Student Center.
Patrick Combs
Patrick Combs is the author of the national best-selling book “Major in Success: Make College Easier, Fire up Your Dreams and Get a Very Cool Job”. His book is used in hundreds of colleges, schools and youth programs nationwide; was featured on National TV with Barbara Walters; and was given the “Best Book” Award by the New York Public Library. Mr. Combs is also widely known as a motivational speaker, a humorous stage performer, and a television personality for PBS’ Career Advantage. For more than a decade he has dedicated his career to helping people live with more courage, passion, inspiration and meaning.
Combs presented Major in Success:Make College Easier, Fire up Your Dreams and Get a Very Cool Job on Wednesday, September 26, 2011 at 2:30 PM and 7:00 PM in the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by Career Services and FYE Success Series.
Aaron Moore
As a licensed mental health counselor, Aaron Moore sees a wide range of struggling adults and teenagers searching for healing and recovery. Moore became involved with the non-profit organization To Write Love on Her Arms (TWLOHA) in 2006 to speak against the secrecy and silence accompanying depression and addiction. Moore encourages people to speak openly about their personal struggles to battle the stigma of shame and weakness with honesty and compassion.
Aaron presented Pain, Hope, Questioning: An Evening with TWLOHA on Tuesday, October 2, 2012 at 7:00 PM in the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by Health Services and Counseling Center & Career Development.
Shalini Kantayya
Having come of age between Brooklyn and Bombay, Kantayya first became passionate about water rights while filming at the Kumbha Mela, a religious festival that happens at the confluence of three sacred rivers. She found the statistics alarming: two-thirds of the world’s people will not have adequate access to clean drinking water by the year 2027. And there are no borders to this crisis. As demand rapidly exceeds supply, every species on the planet is in danger. Your access is at risk. The question is what will you do about it? In this gripping film screening and interactive talk, Shalini Kantayya fuses personal and political to explore the mounting worldwide water crisis, helping audiences to see water as a basic human right and inspiring them to make change.
Shalini presented Inside the Mounting Water Crisis on Monday, October 8, 2012 at 7:00 PM in the Performing Arts Center. The event was sponsored by the University Wellness Program.
Adam Braun
Adam Braun, founder of Pencils of Promise, is one of the world’s most impactful and fastest growing nonprofits in the country having built more than 40 sustainable schools across Laos, Nicaragua and Guatemala with expectations to build another 60 schools in 2012. Pencils of Promise’s work and their leadership in social media engagement, sustainable development, youth empowerment and digital innovation has been recognized by Nobel peace prize winner Archbishop Desmond Tutu, President Bill Clinton, Barbara Walters, Katie Couric, and Pencils of Promise spokesperson Justin Bieber.
Adam was the keynote speaker at the 2012 Southern Collegiate Leadership Conference held on Saturday, October 20, 2012 in the Russell Union. The event was sponsored by the Office of Student Leadership & Civic Engagement.
Angela Davis
Internationally renowned author, lecturer, educator and social justice advocate Angela Davis shared her perspective with members of Georgia Southern University and the local community at a celebration in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. at 7:30 p.m., Thursday, January 27th, in the University’s Performing Arts Center.
A political activist since the 1970s, Davis has remained entrenched in the struggle for social justice and equality. Through activism and scholarship in the educational and public spheres, she aims to reshape the future for those facing injustice in the realms of economics, race and gender. Professionally, she teaches feminist studies and history of consciousness at the University of California Santa Cruz.
Davis is a member of the executive board of the Women of Color Resource Center, a San Francisco Bay area organization that emphasizes popular education about women who live in conditions of poverty. She also works with Justice Now, which provides legal assistance to women in prison and engages in advocacy for the abolition of imprisonment as the dominant strategy for addressing social problems. Internationally, she is affiliated with Sisters Inside, a similar organization based in Queensland, Australia.
The event was co-sponsored by the Office of the Vice President of Student Affairs and Enrollment Management and the Multicultural Student Center.
Frank Warren
Georgia Southern University welcomed “America’s Most Trusted Man” Frank Warren for a special presentation at 7 p.m. on Wednesday, February 2nd, in the Performing Arts Center Theatre.
Creator of the PostSecret Project, Warren shared with guests the unheard voices and untold stories discovered during the last six years, and he addressed the important issue his blog supports – suicide awareness and prevention.
Warren gained recognition in 2004 when he invited people from around the world to send him creative postcards bearing never-revealed secrets to be featured in a special blog. His idea was to create an art-based community project to provide an anonymous medium of expression and honesty, safe from judgment.
Since PostSecret’s inception, Warren has received more than 400,000 postcards, with topics ranging from deep family secrets, criminal activity, secret habits and fears to funny reflections and hidden acts of kindness. His efforts have helped raise hundreds of thousands of dollars for the National Suicide Prevention Hotline.
In 2009, Forbes listed Warren as the fourth most influential person on the Internet. His award-winning online blog, which now garners views from more than seven million people each month, is one of the most popular on the Web, and has been featured in USA Today, on “The Today Show,” “20/20,” CNN, MSNBC, CBC, NPR and FOX News. The creatively illustrated secrets have been featured in an international traveling art exhibit, and in four bestselling books: PostSecret, My Secret, The Secret Lives.
Lee Mun Wah
A nationally-acclaimed lecturer and Master Diversity & Communications Trainer, Lee Mun Wah is a Chinese American community therapist, documentary filmmaker, Special Education educator, performing poet, Asian folkteller and author. He is also the Executive Director of StirFry Seminars & Consulting, which works with corporations, government agencies, educational institutions, and social agencies to facilitate diversity issues through healthy and authentic cross cultural relationships.
In 1993 his first film on Asian Americans, Stolen Ground, won the San Francisco International Film Festival’s Certificate of Merit Award for Best Bay Area Documentary. The National Media Network voted his second film, The Color of Fear, the Gold Medal for the Best Social Studies Documentary in 1995. In 1998 The Color of Fear 2 won the Cindy International Film Festival’s Silver Medal for Best Social Studies Award. In 1995 Oprah Winfrey presented a one-hour special on his work and life, which was viewed by over 15 million viewers.
Lee spoke at the Georgia Southern Diversity Town Hall Meeting on Thursday, February 10th at 7:00 PM. The event was sponsored by Georgia Southern’s Multicultural Student Center.
Bill Rancic
The first winner of Donald Trump’s reality TV competition, “The Apprentice,” Bill Rancic shared his experience and wisdom on Monday, February 21st, in the Performing Arts Center.
Rancic’s presentation shared tips for securing a job, recognizing and seizing opportunities, and balancing high expectations with personal shortcomings. Audience members enjoyed stories from his first post-college jobs to his experience working for Donald Trump. His advice was applicable to students, entrepreneurs and professionals at any level.
Author of The New York Times best-selling book, You’re Hired: How to Succeed in Business and Life, Rancic now stars in a new reality show on A&E TV, “We Mean Business.” He also funds philanthropic causes through proceeds from his second book, Beyond the Lemonade Stand, which challenges readers to learn the value of money and leverage skills, talents and abilities at a young age.
The event was sponsored by Georgia Southern’s Office of Career Services, the Office of Student Leadership and Civic Engagement and the Campus Life Enrichment Committee.
Tim Wise
Tim Wise is among the most prominent anti-racist writers and activists in the U.S. He has spoken in 48 states and on over 350 college campuses, including Harvard, Stanford, and the Law Schools at Yale and Columbia. Wise has provided anti-racism training to teachers nationwide, and with physicians and medical industry professionals on how to combat racial inequities in health care. He has trained corporate, government, and law enforcement officials on methods for dismantling racism in their institutions and has served as a consultant for plaintiff’s attorneys in federal discrimination cases.
Mr. Wise presented White Like Me on Thursday, September 8, 2011 at 3:30 PM and 7:00 PM in the Russell Union Ballroom.
Dr. Na’im Akbar
Dr. Akbar is a Life Member and has remained active in the Association of Black Psychologists since two years after its founding in 1968. He served on the Board of Directors of this prestigious professional organization for numerous terms and was elected president of the Organization in 1987. This international organization, which is the largest Black mental health professional association in the world, has bestowed all of its most prestigious honors on this distinguished psychologist and scholar.
In the late 1980’s Dr. Akbar formed his own publishing company, Mind Productions and Associates and a private consulting company, Na’im Akbar Consultants. As president and CEO of these companies, Na’im Akbar has been able to expand his teaching to a worldwide classroom, gain greater control over the dissemination of his ideas and to target his work into areas subject to his determination.
Dr. Akbar presented Developing Black Men in the 21st Century on Saturday, September 24,2011 at the Russell Union Ballroom.
Patrick Combs
Patrick Combs is the author of the national best selling book “Major in Success: Make College Easier, Fire up Your Dreams and Get a Very Cool Job”. His book is used in hundreds of colleges, schools and youth programs nationwide; was featured on National TV with Barbara Walters; and was given the “Best Book” Award by the New York Public Library. Mr. Combs is also widely known as a motivational speaker, a humorous stage performer, and a television personality for PBS’ Career Advantage. For more than a decade he has dedicated his career to helping people live with more courage, passion, inspiration and meaning.
Mr. Combs presented Major in Success:Make College Easier, Fire up Your Dreams and Get a Very Cool Job on Wednesday, September 28, 2011 at 2;30 PM and 7:00 PM in the Performing Arts Center
Robert Kenner
Award-winning filmmaker Robert Kenner worked for over six years to bring Food, Inc. to the screen. Kenner’s previous films have played theatrically, on television, and to President Clinton and Vice President Al Gore at the White House.
Robert’s other notable work includes his co-filmmaking endeavor on the Martin Scorsese documentary, The Blues Series. His The Road to Memphis included interviews with legendary B.B.King. Newsweek called it, “as fine a film ever made about American music” and “the unadulterated gem of the Scorsese Series.” His exceptional documentaries for The American Experience include War Letters, reflecting on the experiences of American soldiers and their loved ones from the Revolutionary War to the Gulf War. War Letters weaves a seamless tapestry of archival footage, historical recreations and readings by Kevin Spacey, Joan Allen, Bill Paxton, Edward Norton, and others.
Diana Yanez
Comedian and actress Diana Yanez tells a powerful and fantastically funny, personal account of growing up Cuban, Catholic and closeted in Miami! She is the winner of the Overall Excellence Award at the 2010 New York International Fringe Festival and has appeared Off-Broadway in Margaret Cho’s “Sensuous Woman” as well as with Cyndi Lauper, Debbie Henry and Rosie O’Donnell. http://www.dianayanez.com/
Christina Chan
This one woman show shatters the exotic, subservient, China doll image. In this powerful one woman show Christina portrays three real Chinese American women from China in the 1800s and their personal stories of being sold into slavery, prostitution, and abandonment in the streets of China.
River Huston
In this exciting, interactive presentation River Huston uses current media such as twitter, texting, IMs and audio streaming. It is designed to encourage lively discussions on sensitive topics such as sexuality, sexual assault, alcohol abuse, binge drinking, body image and relationships. This successful approach provides useful information while eliminating any awkwardness often associated with some of this material. This forum puts a new twist on important information about how alcohol and drugs impact decision making, safe sex and sexual assault. Ms. Huston creates a talk show/game show atmosphere and by using a multi-media approach she is able to bring the whole audience into the discussion.
Michael Eric Dyson
Professor and best-selling author Michael Eric Dyson spoke on campus as part of Georgia Southern University’s annual MLK Celebration. Author of the New York Times best-seller April 4, 1968: Martin Luther King Jr.’s Death and How It Changed America, Dyson spoke on Jan. 19 at 7 p.m. at Georgia Southern’s Performing Arts Center.
A sociology professor at Georgetown University, Dyson is a renowned scholar and cultural critic on issues of race, religion, popular culture and contemporary issues in the African-American community. He bridges gaps between generations, connecting civil rights identity to hip-hop culture while forging links between older and younger Americans, especially black Americans.
Named by Ebony magazine as one of the 100 most influential black Americans, Dyson has authored 16 books commentating on modern social and intellectual thought, interwoven with a combination of cultural criticism, race theory, religion, philosophical reflection and gender studies. His works include Holler if You Hear Me; Is Bill Cosby Right? Or Has the Black Middle Class Lost Its Mind?; and I May Not Get There With You: The True Martin Luther King Jr.
Blake Mycoskie
Mycoskie’s presentation, The New Rules for Tomorrow’s Business: A Student’s Guide to Making a Difference in the World, is designed to show students how businesses and their leaders can embrace social responsibility in a way that has far-reaching benefits well beyond the company’s financial bottom line. Mycoskie traces his own journey from a young entrepreneur focused mainly on money to a businessman with a global commitment to children in poverty.
TOMS is just one of six businesses that Mycoskie started while still in his twenties. From a dry cleaning pick-up and delivery service he began in college, to an outdoor media company aimed at the country music industry in Nashville, Mycoskie has repeatedly demonstrated his ability to turn an idea into a successful business. But, it is the business model he created for TOMS, where one pair of shoes is donated to a child in need for every pair that is sold, that has garnered the most attention and is making a global difference. To date, TOMS has donated more than a half million pairs of shoes to children in need around the world.
Mycoskie’s visit was part of the Speaker Series sponsored by the Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management and the Office of Student Leadership and Civic Engagement.
Majora Carter
Carter’s lecture entitled Green the Ghetto and How Much It Won’t Cost Us focused on how environmental and economic sustainability can go hand-in-hand, creating both jobs that lead to economic stability and green initiatives that improve the health of individuals and their surrounding environment.
Carter is the founder and president of the Majora Carter Group LLC, a consulting firm that helps groups create environmental initiatives that are economically beneficial. She is also host of the National Public Radio show “The Promised Land”.
Carter began her career by creating Sustainable South Bronx, a group formed to fight both the economic and environmental disparities in that section of New York City. The program advocated against increased industry-fed pollution, searched for environmentally-friendly solutions, and created jobs to go along with those solutions.
Carter’s visit was part of Georgia Southern University’s Sustainability Seminar Series and was sponsored by the Center for Sustainability, the University Wellness Program, and the Campus Life Enrichment Committee.
bell hooks
Renowned intellectual bell hooks examines popular culture in the context of patriarchy, white supremacy, and capitalism. Although hooks is mainly known as a feminist thinker, her writings cover a broad range of topics on gender, race, teaching and the significance of media for contemporary culture. bell hooks (nee Gloria Watkins) is a Distinguished Professor of English at Berea College in Kentucky. She is the author of numerous critically acclaimed and influential books on the politics of race, gender, class, and culture. Her first book, Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism (South End Press, 1981) was named one of the “twenty most influential women’s books of the last twenty years” by Publishers Weekly in 1992. Contemporaries of hooks express admiration for her intellect, breadth, and influence. Cornel West, hooks’ contemporary and co-author, calls hooks “the most prolific intellectual of her generation-a bold and courageous writer who probes the neglected dimensions and dark corners of our culture” (from The Cornel West Reader p. 541).
hooks presented Cultural Criticism and Transformation on March 25th at 7:00 PM in the Russell Union Ballroom. bell hooks’ appearance was presented by the Multicultural Student Center, Women and Gender Studies, the Department of Counseling and Education, the Department of Curriculum Studies, and the Campus Life Enrichment Committee.
James Carville & Mary Matalin
Georgia Southern University welcomed political consultants James Carville and Mary Matalin to campus on Wednesday, September 22nd.
Carville, a Democrat who ran President Bill Clinton’s campaign in 1992, and Matalin, a Republican who ran President George H.W. Bush’s re-election campaign that same year, are a married couple whose wildly differing political views have made them sought-after guests on political news programs for nearly two decades. The pair co-wrote the best selling book All’s Fair: Love, War, and Running for President that chronicled the 1992 presidential campaign. Both are known for their steadfast loyalty to their parties and ideals, and for their quick-witted political humor.
“At Georgia Southern University, we believe an important part of education is providing our students the opportunity to hear from leaders with different views and life-experiences,” said Dr. Teresa Thompson, Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management. “James Carville and Mary Matalin are engaging, passionate speakers and advocates for their political parties. They are also terrific examples to our students who prove you can have differing viewpoints on important issues”and engage in some fairly heated debate”but still walk away with your relationship in tact. That is a lesson that will serve our students well while they are in college and for the rest of their lives.”
James Carville serves as a Professor in Practice at Tulane University. In addition to his political campaign work in the U.S. and abroad, Carville is a frequent contributor to CNN and co-hosts Sirius XM radio’s 60/20 Sports show. He is a best selling author, actor, and political speaker. Carville is also one of the founders of Democracy Corps, which is an independent, non-profit polling organization.
Mary Matalin is editor-in-chief of Threshold editions, which is a division of Simon & Shuster. Matalin is a CNN political contributor who has also hosted her own political radio talk show and served as host of the television show Equal Time, which she co-founded. Matalin’s 2004 book Letters to My Daughters made the New York Times and Washington Post’s best-seller lists. Matalin and Carville will serve as co-chairs of the host committee for the 2013 Superbowl, which will be played in the Louisiana Superdome.
Tavis Smiley
Television and radio host Tavis Smiley spoke at Georgia Southern University’s Performing Arts Center on Thursday, January 15th at 7 p.m. as part of the University’s Martin Luther King, Jr. Observance Program. Smiley spoke on diversity, politics, current events and inspiring the youth who will become the leaders of tomorrow.
Smiley is host of the late night television talk show “Tavis Smiley” on PBS and the radio program “The Tavis Smiley Show” on Public Radio International. The first American to ever simultaneously host signature talk shows on both public television and public radio, Smiley also offers political commentary twice a week on the “Tom Joyner Morning Show.” Newsweek profiled him as one of the “Twenty People Changing How Americans Get Their News” and dubbed him one of the nation’s “captains of the airwaves.” Smiley also created the Tavis Smiley Foundation whose mission is to enlighten, encourage and empower African-American youth.
Smiley’s appearance at Georgia Southern University was sponsored by The Office of the Vice President of Student Affairs and Enrollment Management and the Multicultural Student.
Jim Lovell
Captain Jim Lovell, whose famous space mission was depicted in the film Apollo 13, spoke at Georgia Southern University’s Performing Arts Center on Wednesday, January 28th at 6:30 p.m. Lovell presented his lecture, A Successful Failure, and shared tales from his 11-year-career with NASA, tracing the history of America’s sometimes turbulent and always amazing space program, and drawing on his experience as a successful telecommunications executive.
Lovell takes his audiences to the moon, brings them into the tension-filled cockpit of the Apollo 13 mission, and gives them an exciting look at the possibilities of the twenty-first century. His story embodies the spirits of teamwork, leadership, crisis management, goal-setting and excellence.
He educates and fascinates as he relates the skills required to turn a failed system into a successful mission and the tools needed to succeed in the business world of today and tomorrow.
The lecture was sponsored by Georgia Southern’s Office of Student Leadership and Civic Engagement as part of their Spring Leadership and Civic Engagement Week.
Martin Yate
Martin Yate, author of Knock Em Dead!, presented the keynote message as part of Career Services annual Life Planning Conference. Yate CPC (Hon)*, is an executive career strategist and NY Times bestseller with over thirty years in the career management field.
This experience spans international headhunting (one of the first technology management headhunters in Silicon Valle)), Director of HR for Bell Industries Computer Memory Division in Mountain View California, and Director of Training and Development for the Dunhill Personnel System in New York. He has worked with corporations and associations on four continents on job search and career management, along with recruitment and selection issues, and counsels executives from all over the world in job search and career-management strategies.
Donald Asher
Donald Asher, author of How to Get Any Job with Any Major, presented the keynote message as part of Career Services annual Life Planning Conference. Asher is an internationally acclaimed author and speaker specializing in careers and higher education. He is the author of ten books. He is a contributor to the Wall Street Journal’s online editions, CareerJournal.com and CollegeJournal.com. He is the education columnist for MSN Encarta, one of the top worldwide destinations on the Web, and is the career columnist for USAirways Magazine, with 2.7 million readers monthly. He has in the past been a contributing writer for Dow Jones publications such as The National Business Employment Weekly and Managing Your Career magazines, NACE Journal, San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco Examiner, monster.com’s college edition, monstertrak.com, award-winning career portals jobstar.org and wetfeet.com, the Los Angeles Times’s career development web site, and similar. His books are available worldwide in English, and also in Korean- and Portuguese-language translations.
He is known in the United States as America’s Job Search Guru and is a consultant to top MBA programs and undergraduate institutions nationwide on hidden-job market and self-directed-search issues. For over a decade he has served as the keynote speaker for the Career Development Series of national teleconferences sponsored by the University of Tennessee. He presents at over 100 colleges and universities annually.
Asher’s appearance was sponsored by Career Services and the Campus Life Enrichment Committee.
Romeo Dallaire
Former United Nations Commander Lt. General Romeo Dallaire spoke at the Georgia Southern University Performing Arts Center at 7:00 p.m. on Tuesday, February 17th.
Dallaire served as the commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda and was in command during the Rwandan genocide of 1994. In his book Shake Hands With the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda, Dallaire gives his account of the Rwandan genocide which took 800,000 lives in 100 days. In addition to speaking about his experiences in Rwanda and how he feels the United Nations and world reacted to the crisis, Dallaire’s presentation at Georgia Southern University focused on the many challenges facing today’s peacekeepers around the world.
Dallaire’s visit to Georgia Southern University was sponsored by the Department of Writing and Linguistics with support from the Office of the Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management, Campus Life Enrichment Committee, Office of the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs, Office of the Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Center for Africana Studies, Department of History, Center for International Studies, Multi-Cultural Student Center, Department of Political Science, University Honors Program, Center for Women’s and Gender Studies, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, STAND, Amnesty International, ROTC, Department of Geography and Geology, and First Year Experience.
Ed Begley
Actor and activist Ed Begley Jr. spoke at Georgia Southern University on Monday, February 16th , at 7 p.m. at the Performing Arts Center . Begley, a six-time Emmy-nominated actor and current star of “Gary Unmarried” and “Living with Ed,” presented his theme, Live Simply So That Others Can Simply Live, as part of LivinGreen Month. He is the third speaker in Georgia Southern’s Sustainability Seminar Series.
Few people are known for having Begley’s track record of taking personal responsibility for the environment. Known for turning up at Hollywood events on his bicycle, he has served as chairman of the Environmental Media Association and the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy. Begley serves on the boards of a variety of organizations including the Thoreau Institute, the Earth Communications Office, Tree People and Friends of the Earth.
Begley’s work has earned awards from numerous environmental groups including the California League of Conservation Voters, the Natural Resources Defense Council, the Coalition for Clean Air, Heal the Bay, the Santa Monica Baykeeper and the Southern California Gas Company. His hit HGTV series “Living with Ed” looks at the day-to-day realities of “living green” with his not-so-environmentalist wife Rachelle Carson.
Begley’s visit was co-sponsored by the University Wellness Program, the Office of Sustainability in the Allen E. Paulson College of Science and Technology, and Campus Recreation and Intramurals.
Samuel Kyles
Rev. Kyles’ involvement with civil rights goes back more than forty years. In 1968, Kyles was instrumental in bringing Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to Memphis, Tenn. to support striking sanitation workers. Kyles and King met on April 4, 1968 in King’s Memphis hotel room as King prepared to go to dinner at the Kyles family home. King was assassinated moments later, making Kyles the only person still living who spent the last hour of Kings life with him.
After King’s death, Kyles continued his civil rights work. Kyles is a founding member of the National Board of People to Save Humanity, and worked on Jesse Jackson’s presidential campaigns in 1984 and 1988. President Bill Clinton appointed Kyles to serve on the Advisory Committee on Religious Freedom Abroad. Kyles has appeared in several documentaries about the life and assassination of Dr. King and travels the country speaking to audiences about King’s message.
Condoleezza Rice
Former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice spoke to more than 4,700 people at Georgia Southern University on September 8, 2009 about leadership and the power of education.
“You are so lucky, you who are students. You are experiencing the one great equalizer that we have, which is education,” Rice told the crowd.
Speaking on what she called the “transforming power of education,” Rice urged students to find their passion, accept challenges as part of the learning process, and to realize “you can come from humble circumstances and do great things.”
Rice’s visit, which was sponsored by the Office of the Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management and the Office of Student Leadership and Civic Engagement, was designed to give Georgia Southern University students insight into what makes a great leader and how they respond in times of crisis.
Rice was national security advisor to President George W. Bush during the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001 and was later named secretary of state.
C.L. Lindsay
Attorney C.L. Lindsay, founder and executive director of the Coalition for Student and Academic Rights (CO-STAR) presented “Campus Computing: From Free Speech to Facebook” at Georgia Southern University on Tuesday, February 5th.
Lindsay is a nationally recognized expert and leader in the field of student rights and academic freedom. His syndicated column, “Ask CO-STAR” is distributed nationwide on Knight Ridder/Tribune’s College Wire Service. The column, published weekly, has become one of Knight Ridder/Tribune’s most popular features. CO-STAR is a national student rights organization that helps thousands of college students with their legal problems, free of charge, each year.
He is also the author of The College Student’s Guide to the Law: Get a Grade Changed, Keep Your Stuff Private, Throw a Police-Free Party, and More! published by Taylor Trade Publishing.Lindsay has appeared on national television, radio and has been featured in many regional and national publications, including “US News & World Report” and “The Chronicle of Higher Education”. He graduated magna cum laude from Denison University, and received his J.D. from the University of Michigan. In his spare time, he teaches courses in Law and Literature at the University of Pennsylvania.
Cornel West
Cornel West, one of America’s best-known scholars and public intellectuals, spoke at Georgia Southern University on Tuesday, January 22nd , as part of the University’s 2008 Martin Luther King, Jr. Observance Day Program. His presentation took place at 7 p.m. at the Performing Arts Center.
West, who is the Class of 1943 University Professor in the Center for African American Studies at Princeton University, has been a champion for racial justice since childhood. His writing, speaking, and teaching weave together the traditions of the black Baptist Church, progressive politics, and jazz. The New York Times has praised his “ferocious moral vision.”
West burst onto the national scene in 1993 with his bestselling book, Race Matters. a searing analysis of racism in American democracy. Race Matters has become a contemporary classic, selling nearly a half-million copies to date. In addition, West has written 16 other books and edited 13 texts.
His most recent book, Democracy Matters: Winning the Fight against Imperialism, was published in 2004. The recipient of more than 20 honorary degrees and a National Book Award, West is a longtime member of the Democratic Socialists of America, for which he now serves as one of several honorary chairs.
West was an influential force in developing the storyline for the popular Matrix movie trilogy and has served as its official spokesperson. He played a recurring role in the final two films.
West’s appearance at Georgia Southern was sponsored by the Office of the Vice President of Student Affairs and Enrollment Management and the Multicultural Student Center.
Lisa Ling
Lisa Ling, special correspondent for the “Oprah” show and contributor to the National Geographic channel and the Oxygen Network, spoke on Tuesday, January 29th as part of the Leadership & Civic Engagement Week.
The Office of Student Leadership and Civic Engagement sponsored Ling’s presentation as one part of Leadership and Civic Engagement Week that ran from Monday, January 28th through Friday, February 1st. The week was designed to help students learn how their goals and passions can lead them to opportunities that will make a difference.
Ling’s presentation, titled Opening Minds and Hearts to the Issues Surrounding Us, is built around a career in television that began at the age of 16. She went on to become one of the youngest reporters for Channel One News, a network that appears in middle and high school classrooms across the country. Beginning in 1999 she shared her opinions with millions of Americans as a co-host on the daytime talk show “The View.” In 2002 she became the first woman to host “Explorer” on the National Geographic channel where she compiled stories ranging from the complex issues surrounding China’s one-child policy to female suicide bombers.
Andy Masters
Andy Masters, author of Life After College: What to Expect and How to Succeed in Your Career, presented the keynote message as part of Career Services annual Life Planning Conference. Masters’ presentation provided strategies for success after graduation including strategic career planning, networking, personal development and leadership.
Masters’ appearance was sponsored by Career Services and the Campus Life Enrichment Committee.
Na’im Akbar
Georgia Southern University hosted a lecture by psychologist, author and orator Dr. Na’im Akbar. Akbar’s extensive work on African American mental life and functioning has become required reading for African American Studies programs throughout the world. His lecture took place at the Performing Arts Center on March 25th at 7 p.m.
Akbar’s research surrounds the cultural basis of African Americans and African American psychology. His books Breaking the Chains of Psychological Slavery, The Community of Self, Visions for Black Men, and Know Thyself, have received national press and recognition, including an interview on the “Oprah Winfrey Show.”
Hailed by Essence Magazine as a “pioneer,” Akbar has received international awards and recognitions for his work. Florida State University awarded Akbar the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Distinguished Scholar Award. He has received honorary doctorates from Edinboro University of Pennsylvania and Lincoln University.
The event was sponsored by the Campus Life Enrichment Committee (CLEC), the Multicultural Student Center, and the Educational Opportunity Program.
Wally Amos
Georgia Southern University welcomed Famous Amos founder, entrepreneur and inspirational speaker Wally Amos to campus on Tuesday, August 26, 2008.
As founder of Famous Amos Cookies in 1975 and father of the gourmet chocolate chip cookie industry, he utilizes a very upbeat and unique style. Amos addresses issues such as commitment, integrity, attitude, imagination, faith, and love.
In addition to speaking at Georgia Southern, Amos took a few moments to read to children at the University’s Child Development Center and take a VIP tour of campus.
Amos is a literacy advocate and serves on the board of many organizations. His latest venture, www.chipandcookie.com, which features two plush chocolate chip cookie dolls, named Chip and Cookie, are the newest additions to Wally’s long line of amazing entrepreneurial success stories. His honors and awards include the President’s Award for Entrepreneurial Excellence, the Horatio Alger Award and Outstanding Business Leader Award. Two of his trademarks, his famous Panama hat and shirt have been on display at the Smithsonian Institute.
Morris Dees
Georgia Southern University welcomed Morris Dees as its Fall Civic Engagement Speaker on Wednesday, September 24th, in the Performing Arts Center at 7 p.m.
Dees is a civil rights leader who is the co-founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center, a non-profit group specializing in lawsuits involving civil rights violations, domestic terrorism, and hate-motivated crimes.
Dees presented his lecture With Justice for All, in which he discussed how a commitment to justice for all will chart our nations future as America becomes more diverse and economic disparity widens. Dees shared his experiences and insights, explaining how and why he sold a lucrative publishing business to become an attorney and then founded the Southern Poverty Law Center. Dees also discussed hate crimes across the country and the need for the teaching of tolerance, love, and respect for one another.
A nationally known orator, Rev. King has inspired thousands of people from all walks of life. First called to the ministry at age 17, King preached her trial sermon at Ebenezer Baptist Church in 1988 and was ordained in 1990. She holds a bachelor’s degree in psychology from Spelman College. On the morning of her ordination she was awarded both a master of divinity degree and a doctor of laws degree from Emory University.
King is the assistant pastor at Greater Rising Star Baptist Church in Atlanta, where she oversees the youth and women’s ministry. She is a member of the board of directors of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change.
She is also an attorney and a member of the Georgia Bar. Previously, as a law clerk in the Fulton County Juvenile Court System, King experienced first-hand the growing number of teens who have become victims of the legal system. As a result, she has become an advocate for the rehabilitation of at-risk youth.
King is the author of Hard Questions, Heart Answers, a collection of her sermons and speeches, and is working on a second book. She has been named by Ebony Magazine as “one of the 50 leaders of tomorrow.”
Alvin Benn
Civil Rights reporter and author Alvin Benn spoke at Georgia Southern University on Thursday, November 8th, at 6 p.m. in Russell Union Room 2080. His presentation focused on his book Reporter: Covering Civil Rights…And Wrongs in Dixie.
According to Bob Ingram, dean of Alabama’s political reporters and television commentators, Benn, originally from Lancaster, Pa., became “one of the most respected journalists to cover the Civil Rights movement” and “he brings a new and important perspective to those difficult years.”
Benn is currently a freelance writer for the Montgomery Adviser newspaper in Montgomery, Ala. He has been a reporter for more than 40 years.
Benn’s presentation was sponsored by the Office of Student Media at Georgia Southern University.
Myrlie Evers-Williams
Civil rights activist Myrlie Evers-Williams spoke at Georgia Southern University at 7 p.m. on Tuesday, January 17, as part of the University’s annual recognition of the birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Her presentation, Tomorrow’s Leaders: Their Voices, Our Journey, took place in the Performing Arts Center.
Evers-Williams is the widow of Medgar Evers. A former chair of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1995-1998, she was the first woman to lead the nation’s oldest civil rights organization. She was elected at a time of dissension within the NAACP, and to many she represented a new beginning for the organization. Through her leadership, the NAACP regained its status as the premier civil rights organization in America.
After stepping down as chair in 1998, Evers-Williams established the Medgar Evers Institute in Jackson, Mississippi. She is the author of For Us, the Living(1967) and Watch Me Fly: What I Learned On the Way to Becoming the Woman I Was Meant to Be (1999).
Evers-Williams’ appearance at Georgia Southern was sponsored by the Office of the Vice President of Student Affairs and Enrollment Management and the Multicultural Student Center.
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Memory gardens help create memories, honor loved ones
“Those coming to honor a lost loved one, we hope they enjoy the process of recalling memorable moments with that person,” shared Andrea Chapman with Above & Beyond, “and their garden is a happy memento of that memory.”
Above & Beyond is partnering with the Monticello Public Library and Jones County ISU Extension and Outreach to provide a free memory garden event for the community.
This event offers people of all ages the opportunity to honor a loved one and recall past memories, as well as to create new memories.
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Q:
Firebase: is possible to set a server-side timed deletion?
I'm developing a chat application based on Firebase. I would like to delete automatically every message after 24 hours. Is it possible to do it with Firebase? If yes, how?
Thanks in advance
A:
I don't think Firebase purpose it to integrate automatition. It serves as a fast way to store, retrieve and serve JSON data across devices in real time. An idea would be to: 1. get the time the user signed in 2. compare dates 3. send a desired operation to Firebase.
Eventually you can create a server-side or Node snippet that would periodically contact your Firebase database and perform such tasks.
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