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Thora Birch
Thora Birch (born March 11, 1982) is an American actress and producer. She made her film debut in Purple People Eater (1988), for which she won a Young Artist Award for "Best Young Actress Under Nine Years of Age", and rose to prominence as a child star with appearances in films such as All I Want for Christmas (1991), Patriot Games (1992), Hocus Pocus (1993), Monkey Trouble (1994), Now and Then (1995), and Alaska (1996).
Her breakthrough role came in 1999 when she played Jane Burnham in the highly acclaimed film American Beauty, for which she earned a BAFTA nomination for Best Supporting Actress. She then starred as Enid in the cult hit Ghost World (2001), earning a nomination for the Golden Globe for Best Actress. In 2003, she received an Emmy Award nomination for playing the title role in Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story. Her other films include Dungeons & Dragons (2000), The Hole (2001), Silver City (2004), Dark Corners (2006), Winter of Frozen Dreams (2009), and Petunia (2012).
After taking a break from acting, Birch resumed her career in 2016 and has since starred in several independent films. Birch currently stars as Gamma on season 10 of The Walking Dead.
Early life
Birch was born in Los Angeles, the eldest child of Jack Birch and Carol Connors. Birch, whose family's original surname was Biersch, is of German-Jewish, Scandinavian, French-Canadian and Italian ancestry. Her name, Thora, is derived from that of Norse god of thunder and lightning, "Thor", which would have been her name, had she been a boy. She has one brother, Kian Bolt Birch.
Birch's parents have been her business managers since Birch was six years old, and are former adult film actors who both appeared in the film Deep Throat. Because of their own experience with the entertainment industry, they were reluctant to encourage her, but were persuaded to show Thora's photograph to agents by a babysitter who noticed her imitating commercials. Birch got her first big break at the age of four, when the babysitter accompanied her to a successful audition for a Quaker Oats commercial.
Career
1980s
Birch appeared in commercials in the late 1980s for Burger King, California Raisins, Quaker Oats (alongside Wilford Brimley), and Vlasic Pickles. She made her film debut in the 1988 science-fiction comedy Purple People Eater, for which she won a Youth In Film Award and a Young Artist Award in the category of "Best Young Actress Under Nine Years of Age". Also in 1988, she guest-starred in an episode of Doogie Howser, M.D., and was cast as Molly in the NBC television series Day By Day, being credited as "Thora". The show aired for two seasons on NBC and earned her two Young Artist Award nominations.
1990s
In 1990, Birch had one of the lead roles in the sitcom Parenthood, based on the 1989 film of the same name. It aired on NBC and was cancelled after one season. In the next year, she starred in the drama Paradise, with Don Johnson, Melanie Griffith and Elijah Wood. She won her role over more than 4,000 other young hopefuls who auditioned for it. Roger Ebert felt she played her part with "strong, simple charm" and later earned another Young Artist Award nomination. For the rest of the 1990s, Birch continued to find steady recognition as a child and teen actress through leading parts in numerous comedy and family feature films.
In 1991, she starred with Ethan Embry in the comedy All I Want for Christmas, as a girl who plans to get her divorced parents back together for Christmas. The film received mediocre reviews and moderate attention from audiences upon its theatrical release, but developed a following on television and on home video in subsequent years. In 1992, she played the daughter of Jack Ryan (Harrison Ford) in the spy thriller Patriot Games, which was a commercial success, grossing US$178 million at the worldwide box office.
Birch appeared in the fantasy comedy Hocus Pocus (1993) at the age of 10, opposite Bette Midler, Kathy Najimy and Sarah Jessica Parker. The film saw her play the younger sister of a teenage boy who inadvertently resurrects a villainous trio of witches. Hocus Pocus rated average with reviewers and made a modest US$39 million in the US, but became a cult film due to strong DVD sales and large television following. In the 1994 comedy Monkey Trouble, Birch portrayed a girl who adopts a Capuchin monkey trained to pick pockets and burglarize houses. The movie had a mixed reception, but Marjorie Baumgarten, for the Austin Chronicle, observed that her "nuanced performance (a rarity amongst child performers) no doubt lends Monkey Trouble its realistic touch". Also in 1994, she reprised her Patriot Games role in the sequel, Clear and Present Danger, which grossed over US$215 million globally.
In 1995, Birch was cast as the younger version of Melanie Griffith's character in the coming-of-age film Now and Then, also starring Gaby Hoffmann, Christina Ricci, Demi Moore and Rosie O'Donnell. It was released to largely mediocre reviews, but proved to be a profit. She landed a leading role in the adventure drama Alaska (1996) opposite Vincent Kartheiser, portraying two siblings who search through the Alaskan wilderness for their lost father (Dirk Benedict). For the next two years, she did not appear in a film but guest-starred in Promised Land and Touched by an Angel. She subsequently filmed the made-for-television film Night Ride Home and an uncredited role for Anywhere but Here, both released in 1999.
Also in 1999, she appeared in the Sam Mendes-directed drama American Beauty, as Jane Burnham, the insecure daughter of Kevin Spacey's character. Rolling Stone felt Birch "[glimmered] with grown-up radiance" in her role, for which she later received a BAFTA Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. The film was the recipient of the Academy Award for Best Picture and grossed over US$356 million worldwide, emerging as the biggest commercial success of Birch's career to date.
2000s
Following her success with American Beauty, she appeared in two films released in 2000. The small-scale drama The Smokers received a straight-to-DVD release in the US, going largely unnoticed, but Birch was called "a scene-stealer" in her supporting role by The Hollywood Reporter. Her other film of the year was the poorly received Dungeons & Dragons, a fantasy film based on the role-playing game of the same name. In 2001, she starred with Keira Knightley in the horror film The Hole, in which her headlining credit and highly publicized seven figure salary was attributed to her appearance in American Beauty. The film was released in theaters in the UK, and on DVD in the US, receiving mixed reviews. Writing for Variety magazine, Derek Elley stated that Birch gave "an effectively creepy lead [performance]" in the film, which he called "a clunky British attempt to merge the psychothriller and teen movie genres".
Birch headlined the 2001 black comedy Ghost World, directed by Terry Zwigoff and co-starring Scarlett Johansson, Steve Buscemi and Brad Renfro. The film, focused on the lives of two teenage outsiders (Birch and Johansson) in an unnamed American city, was released in a specialty theatrical run, to a highly favorable critical reception. James Berardinelli found Birch's part to be her "first effectively developed role" since American Beauty and positively singled out the actress for the "quirkiness [and the] underlying sense of melancholy and ennui" in her portrayal. She earned a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress – Musical or Comedy.
Birch appeared as the title character in the biographical television film Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story (2003), playing a young woman who, after becoming homeless at 15 amid personal tragedies, begins her work to finish her studies. She garnered acclaim for her part, receiving an Emmy nomination. After her professional achievements in the 1990s and early 2000s, Birch's profile decreased significantly in the next decade, as she had more infrequent acting appearances in much smaller-scale productions. Reflecting on her career trajectory the subsequent years during a January 2014 interview, she attributed it to not "taking" the demands the film industry had for her, opting to "maintain a strong identity and pursue things that were a little more thoughtful, and I guess nobody really wanted women to do that at that time".
Birch appeared in several music videos including Moby's We Are All Made of Stars, and Limp Bizkit's Eat You Alive, which also featured Bill Paxton.
She played a supporting role in Silver City, a political satire written and directed by John Sayles, which premiered at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival. In 2006, Birch had the lead role in the horror-thriller Dark Corners, portraying a troubled young woman who wakes up one day as a different person—someone who is stalked by creatures. The film did not receive a theatrical release, and instead, went straight to DVD. It rated poorly with reviewers, but Birch was considered "convincing as the two halves of this split personality". She followed with the female lead role in the 2008 slasher Train, which revolved around a group of US college athletes who get stalked and killed in an Eastern Europe train. The film received a DVD release, to a mediocre overall reception, with critics comparing it unfavorably to Hostel and Turistas.
She appeared in the 2009 psychological thriller Deadline, co-starring Brittany Murphy. Like Birch's previous few projects, the film premiered directly-to-video in the UK and the US, and went little seen by audiences. Also in 2009, she starred in the independent mystery film Winter of Frozen Dreams, as Barbara Hoffman, a Wisconsin biochemistry student and prostitute convicted of murder in the first ever televised murder trial. The film had a limited theatrical release, receiving average reviews. DVD Talk felt she was "the weakest link in the whole piece", while Bloody Disgusting found Birch to be "the gem" of the film, asserting that she was "very alluring to the eyes as the main subject of this case". During filming, a controversy arose involving Birch's father and his forced presence during Birch's taping of a sex scene.
2010s
In 2010, Birch took on the role of Sidney Bloom in the made-for-television movie The Pregnancy Pact, which was based on the 2008 media circus surrounding teenagers in Gloucester, Massachusetts, who allegedly agreed to concurrently give birth and raise their children communally. The Lifetime film was favorably received by critics and was watched by 5.9 million viewers. Later in 2010, Birch was cast and scheduled to make her American stage debut in the off Broadway revival of Dracula, but was fired for the behavior of her father, her manager at the time, who physically threatened one of the show's cast members.
Birch starred in the 2012 independent dramedy Petunia, playing the role of Vivian Petunia. She is credited as a co-producer in the film, which depicts simultaneously the lives and romantic relationships of the Petunia family. Birch considered the film an "intimate" and "a very modern tale", describing it as "a little bit different from your standard summer fare". Distributed for a very limited release in the US, the film premiered at Cinema Village in New York City, garnering mixed reviews.
After devoting herself to academic pursuits, Birch returned to her acting career in 2015 with a recurring role as software engineer Morgan in the Carlton Cuse series Colony.
Following the series, Birch first starred in the independent film The Etruscan Smile with Brian Cox, which was shot in San Francisco and Scotland. She then went to Kentucky to shoot the thriller Above Suspicion, based on the book of the same name by New York Times columnist Joe Sharkey, and co-starring Jack Huston, Emilia Clarke and Johnny Knoxville. Birch starred in the political thriller Affairs of State, with Adrian Grenier. The film was shot in Norfolk, Virginia. Birch starred in the romantic comedy, The Competition, directed by Harvey Lowry, which was shot in Portland. Birch both starred in and produced the film, which was picked up for distribution by VMI Worldwide. Most recently, Birch appeared in the Plan B and A24 film The Last Black Man in San Francisco, opposite Danny Glover.
Filmography
Film
Television
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Thora Birch at Emmys.com
Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:20th-century American actresses
Category:21st-century American actresses
Category:Actresses from Los Angeles
Category:Actresses of Italian descent
Category:American child actresses
Category:American film actresses
Category:American people of French-Canadian descent
Category:American people of German-Jewish descent
Category:American people of Italian descent
Category:American people of Scandinavian descent
Category:American television actresses
Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners
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Currently available automated liquid soap dispensers can deliver liquid soap automatically in response to the presence of a nearby object, such as a user's hand. These liquid soap dispensers typically employ an infrared sensor to detect the nearby object. Upon detection of the nearby object, the infrared sensor sends a signal to activate a motor, which in turn drives a shaft which drives a pump. The pump pumps the liquid soap to a spout of the dispenser which dispenses the soap. Typically, the motor is located outside of the dispenser, whereas, the pump is submerged in the liquid soap within the dispenser. The drive shaft penetrates the dispenser through an orifice typically at the base of the dispenser. A seal is typically provided surrounding the shaft and sealing the orifice. However, with use the seal wears out and the liquid soap leaks out of the dispenser. Often, the liquid soap leaks onto the motor or the motor circuitry causing failure of the motor.
Furthermore, most liquid dispensers have reservoirs which are mounted below a countertop. Consequently, accessing of the reservoir for refilling with liquid soap is inconvenient. Typically a reservoir of the soap dispenser needs to be removed from below the counter so that it may be filled. When removed, tubing which is used to deliver the liquid soap to the spout is exposed and liquid soap on such tubing drips on the surrounding surfaces. Moreover, with some soap dispenser, the motor may have to be removed before the reservoir is removed for refilling. Thus, a soap dispenser is desired that overcomes the aforementioned problems.
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===========================
Wagtail 2.0.1 release notes
===========================
.. contents::
:local:
:depth: 1
What's new
==========
* Added error notification when running the ``wagtail`` command on Python <3.4 (Matt Westcott)
* Added error handling to the Draftail editor (Thibaud Colas)
Bug fixes
~~~~~~~~~
* Draftail now supports features specified via the ``WAGTAILADMIN_RICH_TEXT_EDITORS`` setting (Todd Dembrey)
* Password reset form no longer indicates whether the email is recognised, as per standard Django behaviour (Bertrand Bordage)
* ``UserAttributeSimilarityValidator`` is now correctly enforced on user creation / editing forms (Tim Heap)
* Editing setting object with no site configured no longer crashes (Harm Zeinstra)
* Creating a new object with inlines while mandatory fields are empty no longer crashes (Bertrand Bordage)
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Hope everyone’s power is back up now or very soon! Did your block lose any trees? Stay safe and cool today.
DDOT wrote:
Crews from the District Department of Transportation’s (DDOT) Urban Forestry Administration (UFA) are preparing to remove downed trees, branches and debris from District streets and neighborhoods. Crews are inspecting locations tonight to determine where contractors will set up to conduct this activity. Due to the power outrages and downed wires tree cleaning activities will be slow at first until daylight
Residents are reminded to stay away from downed wires. They could be energized and electrical contact could be fatal. Residents are also reminded to stay clear of broken hanging branches as they can fall at anytime.
District residents are reminded to call 311 or go online at 311.dc.gov to report downed trees and branches in public space and to be prepared to provide specific details about the location. The service requests are immediately forwarded to DDOT’s Urban Forestry Administration (UFA). Priority is given to street trees that have fallen on homes, cars and power lines, and trees that are blocking roadways; then UFA will shift its focus to storm clean up in alleys and other tree related storm debris.
DDOT is also coordinating with Pepco to address locations where wires are tangled in downed trees. To report a power outage please call Pepco at 877-PEPCO62. Customers may report outages online at pepco.com or download Pepco’s smart phone app, pepco.com/mobileapp, to report and track their outages.
District residents are reminded that trees and branches that fall on or from private property are the responsibility of the property owners.
18 Comment
Lots of damage around 13th and U. A deck blew down as did what looks like a roof or garage roof and one whole backyard wall/deck collapsed and the debris is spread across the 3 or 4 adjacent yards! Police and fire tape in the alley because of downed or threatened lines of some sort. (maybe phone bc I thought power lines were underground in dc, but I’m not sure.)
There were full blocks of Q, R and Florida around 5th – 2nd that had no power hours before the storm. Pepco arrived to fix the blackout and said they wouldnt leave until it went back up, but must have left when the storm started. We didnt get it back until 5 30 this morning.
Here in NE (Deanwood area), the powers went out around 10 PM last night and still hasn’t come back on. Pepco updates only state that their “assessing” the situation but they haven’t even bothered sending a crew this way. They keep telling us things like it may take DAYS to restore our power. I mean, seriously, I just moved to Ward 7 and the rumor was that things aren’t typically prioritized over this way but this is bordering on absurd! We’re talking record heat for today and no A/C or fans? Crazy!
BGE, Pepco, and Dominion all have more than 400k outages so chances are you would be dealing with this situation regardless of where you live…im sure pepco is working just as hard (if not harder thanks to all the media criticism) than the other utilities to restore power.
It’s hard to tell, but that might be a deck rather than a roof in the first picture. If it were a roof, there would be plywood and roofing materials (depending on the roof, that could be asphalt, sheets of metal, etc.)
Hopefully it IS a deck, because that would mean there wood be less damage for the unfortunate folks who live there.
On my run this morning, there were tens of fallen trees and countless branches along the rock creek trail. A huge tree snapped next to Lincoln Memorial and some of the tents in prep for 4th were down. Storm was worse than the overhyped hurricane last summer…
What a night. We lost power on New Jersey Ave. NW around 9 pm last night, before the storm hit (first time that’s happened in the seven years I’ve lived there). I figured I’d just go to bed since the house was still cool and I didn’t feel like going to a movie. The storm hit like a freight train around 10:30. Once it calmed down a little a went back to bed, and power was restored around 3 a.m. A couple of huge branches landed in my yard, but the cleanup was relatively easy. Unfortunately a nice little shade tree at the corner of New York Avenue and New Jersey Avenue snapped at the trunk. That tree was a real survivor, but the storm was just too strong.
The first picture was on my block. It was funny seeing a Metrobus (that obviously didn’t get the message about the downed tree) trying to get down the street last night. Everyone got out to assess the situation, and then one of the passengers directed the driver as he backed the bus out.
Today the area’s been buzzing with news crews and general onlookers. Since 8th Street is a major thoroughfare they had the tree cleared pretty quickly, but every time I walk down there are half a dozen people are taking pictures of that poor smashed-up truck.
Some guys at Eastern Market said there’s another bad storm coming tonight?
Correct, but you didn’t address the entire quote.
If a tree falls on private property from private property (from your neighbors yard to your yard) it is the responsibility of the property owners. The city has nothing to do with this property.
A large portion of a city tree fell into my yard. It is blocking a relatively busy sidewalk completely, and is wedged/being held up by my fence. The workers who were just here today said it is not their responsibility, and they are not allowed to come into my yard to retrieve their tree. So the tree is still here, blocking the sidewalk. I have two 311 requests in, but I’m wondering if I will get any help with this? Has anyone had a similar experience, getting a fallen city tree out of your yard?
Yes, during Tropical Storm Irene. The firemen came within an hour of the tree falling, during the height of the storm, to cut a path from my door to the street. Then a few hours later, very early in the a.m., they came by to clear the sidewalk.
The remainder sat in my yard for a few weeks, but then some department came by to remove the biggest chunks, leaving a few light-weight branches that I moved to the tree-box.
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"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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In previous blogs I showed how you can manage SQL scripts lifecycle with the help of Oracle Developer Cloud Service (DevCS) as part of an overall Oracle DB DevOps solution. I wanted to add one more utility that might act as an alternative or addition to the SQL script managing — Liquibase.
Liquibase is an open source solution for managing revisions of your databse schema scripts. It works across various types of databases, and supports various file formats for defining the DB structure. The feature that is probably most attractive in Liquibase is its ability to roll changes back and forward from a specific point — saving you from the need to know what was the last change/script you ran on a specific DB instance.
Liquibase uses scripts — referred to as “changesets” — to manage the changes you do to your DB. The changesets files can be in various formats including XML, JSON, YAML, and SQL. In the examples below I’m using the XML format.
As you continue to change an enhance your DB structure through the development lifecycle you’ll add more changesets. A master file lists all the changeset files (or the directories where they are). In parallel Liquibase tracks in your database which changesets have already run.
When you issue a liquibase update command, liquibase looks at the current state of your DB, and identifies which changes have already happened. Then it run the rest of the changes — getting you to the latest revision of the structure you are defining.
By integrating Liquibase into your overall code version management system and continuous integration platform you can synch up your database versions with your app version. In my case this would of course mean integration with Oracle Developer Cloud Service (DevCS) — which you get for free with the Oracle Database Cloud Service. In the video below I show a flow that covers:
Tracking my DBA tasks in the issue system
Modifying a local MySQL DB with Liquibase (doing forward and backward rolls)
Adding a change set defining a new table
Committing to Git
Automatic build implementing the changes in Oracle Database Cloud Service
Automatic testing with UT/PLSQL
Here is a quick 10 minute demo:
For those who want to try and replicate this, here are some resources.
A changeset that creates a “department” table with three columns:
A changeset that creates PL/SQL function, package and procedure. Note that in line 3 the dbms=”oracle” means this script will only run when we are connected to an Oracle DB:
<databaseChangeLog xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-3.1.xsd http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog-ext
<changeSet author="shay" id="createProcedure-example" dbms="oracle">
<createProcedure>create or replace function betwnstr( a_string varchar2, a_start_pos integer, a_end_pos integer ) return varchar2
is
begin
return substr( a_string, a_start_pos, a_end_pos - a_start_pos+1 );
end;</createProcedure>
<createProcedure>create or replace package test_betwnstr as
-- %suite(Between string function)
-- %test(Returns substring from start position to end position)
procedure basic_usage;
end;</createProcedure>
<createProcedure>create or replace package body test_betwnstr as
procedure basic_usage is
begin
ut.expect( betwnstr( '1234567', 2, 5 ) ).to_equal('2345');
end;
end;</createProcedure>
</changeSet>
</databaseChangeLog> http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog " xmlns:ext=" http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog-ext " xmlns:xsi=" http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance " xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-ext.xsd "> create or replace function betwnstr( a_string varchar2, a_start_pos integer, a_end_pos integer ) return varchar2isbeginreturn substr( a_string, a_start_pos, a_end_pos - a_start_pos+1 );end; create or replace package test_betwnstr as-- %suite(Between string function)-- %test(Returns substring from start position to end position)procedure basic_usage;end; create or replace package body test_betwnstr asprocedure basic_usage isbeginut.expect( betwnstr( '1234567', 2, 5 ) ).to_equal('2345');end;end;
A changeset that adds a record to a table. <rollback> Line has the rollback tag that defines how to do a rollback for this insert:
A few tips about my DevCS project and build setup.
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{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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Q:
I'm friendly with sin
I can scare many people, I'm quite friendly with sin
In fact, he and I are practically twins
I'm the opposite of dry, if you'll pardon my French
Want a loan? You might need my help
Who am I?
A:
Are you...
cosine
I can scare many people, I'm quite friendly with sin
In fact, he and I are practically twins
Referencing how math can scare people, and sin/cosine
I'm the opposite of dry, if you'll pardon my French
Referring to sec, the French word for dry. (Thanks, Mike M.!)
Want a loan? You might need my help
Wordplay on cosine with cosign.
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
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The Puzzling 'Reconstruct' by Rogier de Boeve
'Reconstruct' by Rogier de Boeve is a series of portraits constructed using fragments of images and landscapes. The result is complex set of images that puts more to a face than just a name. The portraits include the faces of Nealli and Brigitte Bardot.
This 'Reconstruct' by Rogier de Boeve piece makes the classic portrait more complex, adding lifelike aspects to a typical collaged piece of work.
Implications - These landscape portraits take the beauty of two separate products and fuse them together to create a unique commodity. Companies must remember that it is not always necessary to produce an entirely new product to sell on the marketplace. At times, innovation occurs in the fusion of two entities to form a profitable work of art.
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
commandlinefu_id: 11192
translator:
weibo: ''
hide: true
command: |-
for s in /tmp/screens/S-$USER/*; do screen -r "$(basename "$s")"; done
summary: |-
Cycle through all active screen sessions
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 10-6390
MICHAEL EDWARD KENNEDY,
Petitioner - Appellant,
v.
EDWARD F. REILLY, JR., Chairman, United States Parole
Commission; CRANSTON J. MITCHELL, Commissioner, United
States Parole Commission; PATRICIA K. CUSHWA, Commissioner,
United States Parole Commission; ISAAC FULWOOD, JR.,
Commissioner, United States Parole Commission,
Respondents - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of
Maryland, at Baltimore. Benson Everett Legg, District Judge.
(1:09-cv-01802-BEL)
Submitted: August 19, 2010 Decided: August 30, 2010
Before MOTZ, GREGORY, and AGEE, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Michael Edward Kennedy, Appellant Pro Se. Larry David Adams,
Assistant United States Attorney, Baltimore, Maryland, for
Appellees.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
PER CURIAM:
Michael Edward Kennedy, a federal prisoner, appeals
the district court’s order denying relief on his 28 U.S.C.A.
§ 2241 (West 2006 & Supp. 2010) petition. We have reviewed the
record and find no reversible error. Accordingly, we affirm for
the reasons stated by the district court. Kennedy v. Reilly,
No. 1:09-cv-01802-BEL (D. Md. Mar. 2, 2010). We dispense with
oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are
adequately presented in the materials before the court and
argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
2
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{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
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Use these 3 fundamentals to design and deliver training that can create unbreakable employee loyalty and unleash competition-crushing productivity. A new Pew Research Center study may have unearthed a groundbreaking Read more
Infinity Consulting and Training Solutions (ICTS) is a trusted global management consulting firm that partners with clients to provide solutions designed to improve their productivity, operating revenue, cost management, and profitability.
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{
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One of the most remarkable developments in supramolecular chemistry in the last two decades is the evolution of halogen bonding[@b1][@b2] from being an intriguing structural feature to becoming a powerful tool in crystal engineering[@b3][@b4][@b5][@b6], which is also applicable to systems and processes as diverse as luminescent[@b7] and non-linear optical[@b8] materials, photo-patterning of surfaces[@b9], the assembly of fractal patterns from molecular building blocks[@b10], supramolecular gelation[@b11], organocatalysis[@b12], macromolecular alignment at macroscopic scale[@b13], anion recognition[@b14], transmembrane anion transport[@b15][@b16] and mimicking the activity of the deiodinase enzyme[@b17].
Our current understanding attributes such interactions to the depletion of electron density in a region of space surrounding the nucleus of a halogen atom in a molecule (termed a sigma hole)[@b11], which consequently is attracted to lone-pairs and *π* clouds of electrons. This electrostatic factor is supplemented by polarization of the electron density---which in a strong case would be modelled by the mixing of electron donor and acceptor orbitals---and electron correlation manifested in the London dispersion force. Those stabilizing contributions are countered by the Pauli repulsion and the balance results in interaction energies of about 5--70 kJ mol^−1^ and preference for a linear *R*-*X*^**...**^:*B* geometry (*X* is a halogen atom and *B* a Lewis base)[@b18][@b19][@b20]. The conditions that give rise to each of those stabilizing factors are common to molecules that contain heavy elements from other p-block families[@b18][@b21][@b22][@b23][@b24][@b25]. While it is long-recognized[@b26][@b27][@b28] that intra- and intermolecular short interatomic contacts are pervasive in structural main-group chemistry, terms such chalcogen and pnictogen bonding have been recently suggested by analogy to the halogen case. There are indeed common traits to all these interactions; for instance, the trends in ratio of interatomic distance to sum of van der Waals radii denote a correlation of interaction strength with the mass of the p-block element and enhancement by electronegative substituents[@b29][@b30][@b31]. However, one important difference is that atoms of group-16 (refs [@b32], [@b33]) and 15 (refs [@b34], [@b35]) elements can engage in up to two and three concurrent supramolecular interactions, respectively[@b36][@b37].
The potential of chalcogen-centered interactions in supramolecular chemistry is illustrated by two well-studied molecular families: the dichalcogena alkynes, which consistently crystalize in tubular structures assembled by chalcogen--chalcogen interactions[@b38][@b39][@b40], and the 1,2,5-chalcogenadiazoles, in which two pairs of antiparallel chalcogen--nitrogen interactions per molecule tend to build infinite ribbons. The latter structures are of interest because of their charge transport properties[@b41] and, through moderate steric repulsion, can be distorted to induce non-linear optical properties or chromotropism[@b42][@b43][@b44]. The auto-association of chalcogenadiazoles is amenable to combination with metal-ion coordination and hydrogen bonding[@b45][@b46]. In spite of their charge, *N*-alkylated chalcogenadiazolium cations do associate in the solid state and, according to electrochemical data, the tellurium derivatives may also be associated in solution[@b47].
Large assemblies (gels, supramolecular polymers and crystals) provide tangible demonstration of the power of these supramolecular interactions but comparatively less has been investigated at the other end of the size spectrum: small, discrete aggregates of a few molecules held together by supramolecular bonds. In the halogen-bonding case, I^**...**^N interactions have been employed in the construction of molecular capsules[@b48] from a pair of complementary molecules; the assembly of such structures in solution was recently demonstrated[@b49][@b50].
In the chalcogen case, the crystal of 3-methyl-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,2-tellurazole 2-oxide (**1a)**[@b51] features a tetramer spontaneously assembled by short Te^**...**^O interactions, its arrangement is specially intriguing because it evokes a macrocycle. However, until now it has been unclear whether such an aggregate would be stable enough to function in the same way as do molecules from the vast category of supramolecular building blocks that encompasses crown ethers, polyazacycloalkanes, tetrapyrroles, phthalocyanines, calixarenes, cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils and cyclophanes. If so, building macrocycles by the spontaneous addition of molecular building blocks would be a uniquely convenient approach because, in general, the synthesis of macrocycles is laborious and low-yielding---even when template methods are used---with notable exceptions such as the recently synthesized macrocyclic cyanostar[@b52]. We have investigated in detail the stability of the cyclic aggregates of iso-tellurazole *N*-oxides in solution and probed their chemical behaviour. Here we report that indeed these assemblies are persistent in solution and display properties of actual macrocyclic molecules in their ability to coordinate transition-metal ions, form adducts with fullerenes and host small species in the solid state.
Results
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Preparation and structural studies
----------------------------------
Improvements from literature procedures[@b51][@b53] afford the iso-tellurazole *N*-oxides **1a** and **1b** in good yields; these products are remarkably stable in air and tolerant of moisture. Depending on the solvent used for crystallization, 3-methyl-5-phenyl-iso-tellurazole *N*-oxide (**1b**) crystallizes in a remarkable variety of polymorphs, all the structures in [Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"} were identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In each case, the morphology of the whole sample indicates that only one phase is reproducibly obtained. The unit cells of several polymorphs include solvent molecules and, while the solvent likely influences packing efficiency, the molecules of **1b** are all associated to each other only. The aggregates observed in the crystals ([Fig. 2a](#f2){ref-type="fig"}) include an infinite spiral chain (**1b**~∞~) and cyclic tetra- (**1b**~4~) and hexamers (**1b**~6~). In every case, consistently with the σ-hole/donor--acceptor model, the oxygen atom of one molecule is bound to the tellurium atom of another, always trans to the nitrogen atom and to distances that span 2.171(3) to 2.242(1) Å. These are comparable to the 2.299(2) Å measured in **1a**~4~ (ref. [@b51]) and are slightly longer than the 2.122(1) Å of the axial bonds in β-TeO~2~ (ref. [@b54]). The Te--N distances (2.197(2) to 2.258(2) Å) are slightly longer than those measured for other single bonds between these elements. In each crystal, the geometry around the chalcogen approximates a T-shape, with N--Te--O^†^, N--Te--C and O--N--Te average angles of 165.3°, 76.0° and 126.9°, respectively. Individual iso-tellurazole heterocyles are planar, with bond distances consistent with localized single and double bonds. Adjacent iso-tellurazole rings tend to lay perpendicular to each other ([Fig. 2b](#f2){ref-type="fig"}) with inter-planar angles ranging from 60° to 83°.
Crystallization from benzene yields a phase of composition 3(**1b**)·(C~6~H~6~), which is built by infinite spiral chains (**1b**~∞~) coiling in alternating directions along *b* with a periodicity of 3. However, the P2~1~2~1~2~1~ space group contains no ternary screw axis, thus the unit cell contains three crystallographically distinct molecules. The macrocyclic tetramer **1b**~4~ is formed in non-solvated crystals obtained from CHCl~3~ or by layering acetonitrile over a CH~2~Cl~2~ solution. Its structure resembles that of **1a**~4~ but there are important differences: the structure of the phenyl derivative approaches a chair conformation, has *C*~*i*~ symmetry and is built by two crystallographically independent molecules while the geometry of the *t*-Bu aggregate corresponds to a boat conformer, belongs to the *S*~*4*~ point group and the four constituting **1a** molecules are all related by symmetry[@b51]. There are two distinct trans-annular Te--Te distances in **1b**~4~, 5.5895(2) and 5.3043(2) Å. Crystallization from THF and a hexanes/CH~2~Cl~2~ mixture produces crystals of compositions 3(**1b**)·(C~4~H~8~O) and 12(**1b**)·(CH~2~Cl~2~), respectively. Both phases contain macrocyclic hexamers. In the latter case, the crystallization solvent occupies voids external to two crystallographically distinct macrocycles, each built from three molecular units that are unique by symmetry. Packing distorts the macrocyle, thus there are three different trans-annular Te--Te distances for each ring: 7.117(1), 7.300(1) and 7.544(1) Å in one case and 7.151(1), 7.227(1) and 7.692(1) Å in the other. As the macrocycles in this crystal stack along *b* ([Fig. 3a](#f3){ref-type="fig"}) a methyl group of one hexamer extends towards the cavity of the neighbouring macrocycle ([Fig. 3b](#f3){ref-type="fig"}). In contrast, the crystal that contains THF packs in a hexagonal lattice ([Fig. 3c](#f3){ref-type="fig"}); the macrocyclic aggregate is built by six equivalent molecular units of **1b** and the trans-annular Te--Te distances are all 7.638(2) Å. The macrocycles pack in a layer and a second cavity is flanked by the phenyl groups. Vertical stacking of the layers in an ABA sequence alternates the two types of cavity-forming tubular channels ([Fig. 3d](#f3){ref-type="fig"}). THF molecules disordered in three different orientations sit in the macrocycle cavities, above and below the plane defined by the chalcogens. Although these channels are small, the crystals slowly loose solvent and become opaque.
Evidence of persistent auto-association in solution
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In spite of the large molecular mass, the electrospray mass spectrum ([Supplementary Fig. 1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}) displays isotopic patterns characteristic of aggregates \[**1b**~n~-H\]^+^ (*n*=1--7). Given the apparent strength of the Te^**...**^O supramolecular interactions, it became of interest to probe the aggregation of iso-tellurazole oxides in solution with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. At room temperature, the ^125^Te NMR spectrum of **1b**, measured in CH~2~Cl~2~, displays only a single line. However, a second line appears on cooling and grows in intensity at the expense of the first ([Fig. 4a](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). These changes are fully reverted when room temperature is restored and are paralleled by those in the ^1^H-NMR spectrum, albeit with some differences. For example, the lines of the methyl resonances coalesce at 230 K in the 500 MHz spectrum. Furthermore, the relative intensities of the methyl lines are dependent on concentration ([Fig. 4b](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). At low temperature, negative nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) is observed between the ^1^H nuclei of the methyl and phenyl or *t*-butyl groups of **1b** ([Fig. 4c](#f4){ref-type="fig"}) and **1a** ([Supplementary Fig. 2](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), respectively. The separation between the ^1^H nuclei of these pendant groups in the individual molecules of **1** is too large for NOE (\>5 Å). However, the crystal structures show that the Te^**...**^O interactions bring the substituents of neighbouring molecules to shorter distances (\<3 Å).
NMR scrambling experiments
--------------------------
Mixtures of **1a** and **1b** were investigated by ^1^H-NMR to further probe the structure of their aggregates in solution. At room temperature, the spectrum of the 1:1 mixture displays a very broad band (1.9--1.6 p.p.m.) for the methyl resonances, this feature is more clearly discernible at 323 K ([Fig. 4d](#f4){ref-type="fig"}), these observations are indicative of intermolecular association and exchange. The spectrum with the best resolution of resonances from this mixture was acquired at 190 K using a 600 MHz instrument; in these conditions 14 lines are observed for the methyl and 6 for the *t*-butyl resonances ([Fig. 4e](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). The methyl lines in the ^1^H-NMR spectra of mixtures of variable composition but constant total concentration were classified by their behaviour as a function of molar fraction ([Fig. 4f](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). It was possible in this way to identify the patterns characteristic of cyclic tetramers: resonances that continuously increase or decrease in intensity following a fourth-degree polynomial trajectory for the homogeneous aggregates; lines with one maximum each at molar fractions 0.25 or 0.75 that correspond to the mixed tetramers of 1:3 and 3:1 composition; as well as lines with a maximum at 0.5 that correspond to the 2:2 stoichiometry. Lines with a more complex behaviour would result from the superposition of more than one resonance.
As this interpretation attributes the resonance at 1.70 p.p.m. to the methyl protons of the tetramer **1b**~4~, it became possible to explain the effect of concentration on the ^1^H-NMR spectrum of **1b** ([Fig. 4b](#f4){ref-type="fig"}) as the result of further aggregation ([equation (1)](#eq1){ref-type="disp-formula"}). The stoichiometric coefficient (*n*) and equilibrium constant (*K*, [equation (2)](#eq2){ref-type="disp-formula"}) of the process were determined from the intensities (*I*) of the lines (relative to the resonance of the residual proton on the solvent) as a function of concentration ([equation (3)](#eq3){ref-type="disp-formula"}, [Supplementary Fig. 3a](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). The fitted stoichiometric coefficient *n*=1.53±0.02 implies that the resonance at 1.56 p.p.m. belongs to the methyl protons of the hexamer. At 190 K, the equilibrium constant is therefore *K*=0.28±0.01 dm^1.5^ mol^−0.5^; the corresponding van\'t Hoff analysis ([Supplementary Fig. 3b](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}) yielded Δ*H*=−16±1 kJ mol^−1^ and Δ*S*=−88±6 J mol^−1^K^−1^. However, diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments were unable to provide the hydrodynamic radii and mass of the aggregates because the magnetization decay during diffusion did not follow simple Gaussian profiles, which likely is a consequence of the equilibrium between tetramer and hexamer.
Computational modelling
-----------------------
The relative stabilities of the oligomeric structures formed by aggregation of iso-tellurazole *N*-oxides in solution was assessed with dispersion- and gradient-corrected relativistic density-functional-theory (DFT) gas-phase calculations. For computational expediency, the models were based on the molecular building block with *R*=Me, **1c**. Calculations for the individual molecule were also used to build a map of electrostatic potential ([Fig. 5a](#f5){ref-type="fig"}), which demonstrate the occurrence of two σ holes on the Te atom opposite to the C and N atoms, the latter hole being the most prominent. The LUMO of **1c** has a predominant contribution from the σ\*~Te--N~ orbital ([Fig. 5b](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). The plot of the electron localization function in the molecular plane ([Fig. 5c](#f5){ref-type="fig"}) features two dips in the space surrounding the chalcogen. These data confirm that the molecules of **1** are predisposed to associate through contacts between the electrophilic (O) and nucleophilic (Te) regions and emphasize that the most favourable position for attachment of a Lewis base to is opposite to the nitrogen atom.
There is only one published[@b53] crystallographic determination of an iso-selenazole *N*-oxide (3-methyl-phenyl-, **2b**), which features a centro-symmetric dimer formed by a pair of antiparallel Se^**...**^O interactions. The analogous structure for **1c**~2~, could only be optimized by imposing symmetry constraints. In their absence, the geometry converges to a dimer bridged by only one Te^**...**^O interaction (*d*=2.40 Å) in which the two heterocycles define an inter-planar angle of 87.6°, which is consistent with all the observed structures of the aggregates of **1a** and **1b**. The structures of the cyclic **1c**~4~ tetramers (chair and boat conformations) and the hexamer **1c**~6~ were also optimized, in each case vibrational calculations return all real frequencies confirming that all are minima in the potential-energy surface. Structures of hypothetical trimer and pentamer cyclic aggregates could not be satisfactorily optimized, the preferred nearly perpendicular orientation of the iso-tellurazole rings imposes a preference for an even number of molecules in a cyclic aggregate. Periodic calculations used to optimize the infinite chain **1c**~**∞**~, based on the structure observed in the crystal of 3(**1b**)·(C~6~H~6~). The results of these calculations are summarized in [Table 1](#t1){ref-type="table"} as thermodynamic parameters for aggregation equilibria.
Coordination of a transition-metal ion
--------------------------------------
Mixing \[Pd(NC-CH~3~)~4~\](BF~4~)~2~ with **1b** dissolved in a CH~2~Cl~2~/acetonitrile mixture yields a dark brown mixture, its visible absorption spectrum features a well-defined shoulder at 500 nm. Job\'s continuous variations method showed that this spectrum is due to a complex of 1:4 stoichiometry ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}), the composition of which was confirmed by a structural determination from crystals grown by slow diffusion of an acetonitrile solution of the metal salt into a CH~2~Cl~2~ solution of **1b**. [Figure 6a,b](#f6){ref-type="fig"} displays two views of the structure of the coordination complex in the crystal of \[Pd(**1b**~4~)\](BF~4~)~2~·2(CH~2~Cl~2~)~2~. The crystal structure features the tetrameric aggregate of **1b** in the boat conformation while the metal centre displays a square planar coordination geometry with Pd--Te distances (2.5804(4)Å) that are comparable to those measured in complexes of anionic tellurium ligands[@b55]; the Te--Pd--Te trans bond angles of 172.38(2)° denote a slight pseudo D~2d~ distortion. This crystal structure features metal depletion due to partial occupation of the coordination sites. CH~2~Cl~2~ molecules replaced the tetrafluoroborate anions in proportion to the missing metal ions. After refinement, the final ratios of occupancies from two crystals grown in separate batches, 0.863(7) and 0.797(5), are different as expected for independently prepared samples.
C~60~ adduct
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Mixing **1b** with C~60~ in chloroform immediately yields a solid that is not soluble enough for spectroscopic investigations. However, slow diffusion of C~60~ into a solution of **1b** produces crystals of composition 4(**1b**)·C~60~ ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}). Along the *b*-axis, the crystal structure features stacks of alternating fullerene molecules and distorted boat conformers of the **1b**~4~ aggregate ([Fig. 6c](#f6){ref-type="fig"}). Compared with the boat **1a**~4~, in the adduct crystal the iso-tellurazole heterocycles are tilted towards the meridional plane of the macrocycle to maximize their contact with the fullerene. The stack is not symmetrical, there are two distinct distances between the centroids defined by the 4 tellurium atoms of each **1b**~4~ aggregate and the fullerene molecule, the closest macrocycle engaged in two short Te^**...**^C contacts (3.457(4) Å, *cf.*, the sum of van der Waals radii 3.76 Å) with the fullerene. The C~60~ molecule is slightly distorted, it features three crystallographically distinct diameter values (6.952(5), 6.9393(5) and 6.9223(5) Å), which evokes a Jahn--Teller distortion that would result from electron transfer into the t~1u~ LUMO[@b56]. However, there are no significant changes in the bond distances and angles of **1b**~4~ in this structure and the material is diamagnetic. As compared with the other crystalline phases in this report, the main differences are in the torsion angles only. Along *c*, the C~60~ molecules are organized in a columnar arrangement with even C^**...**^C spacing of 3.496 Å ([Fig. 6d](#f6){ref-type="fig"}). The distance between C~60~ centroids is 10.533(2) Å, longer than the 10.008 Å observed in the crystal of pure C~60~ (ref. [@b57]), and may be determined by the size of the macrocycle.
Discussion
==========
The variety of supramolecular structures obtained from **1b** and the ease with which the crystallization conditions select the aggregate and polymorph clearly indicate that these assemblies undergo reversible dissociation in solution. On the other hand, the short Te^**...**^O distances in the crystals structures and the results of mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations show that the interaction between the tellurium and oxygen atoms is very strong.
The observation of aggregates in the electrospray mass spectrum **1b** is remarkable; supramolecular dimers assembled by Te^**...**^N interactions have been observed in mass spectra acquired from the laser-ablation plume of benzotelluradiazoles[@b58] but the detection of oligomers with aggregation numbers 3--7 is unprecedented for organo-tellurium molecules.
Multinuclear NMR spectroscopic experiments demonstrate that the annular tetra- and hexamers are persistent and exist in equilibrium in solution. Direct observation of σ-hole interactions in solution is usually difficult[@b59][@b60] but encapsulation of halogen-bonded adducts in cavitands[@b61][@b62] has been helpful and in some cases can be monitored by spectroscopic methods[@b63]. Earlier observations of broadening in the ^1^H-NMR spectrum of **1a** at low temperature hinted at the existence of a dynamic process but in that instance the ^125^Te resonance could not be located and the nature of the process could not be conclusively established. The observation of NOE is one of the strongest evidences of the association of iso-tellurazole *N*-oxide molecules in solution at low temperature. Such spin cross-relaxation is only observable when the distance between the interacting nuclei is \<5 Å, which is not possible within individual molecules of **1a** or **1b**. Moreover, that the NOE is negative indicates the zero quantum path is dominant in these systems, such situation is characteristic of restricted mobility due to large molecular weights, high viscosity and---arguably---cyclic structures. Provided there is no significant difference in the association energies of these molecules, the combination of **1a** and **1b** in solution would result in an even distribution of mixed structures that could be identified by their NMR spectra. For instance, an equimolar mixture that only forms centro-symmetric dimers would yield three different structures and display four lines from the methyl protons and two from the *t*-butyl groups; more complex patterns would arise from the dimers (Me: 8, *t*-Bu: 4), the tetramers (Me: 16, *t*-Bu: 8) and hexamers (Me: 41, *t*-Bu: 26). Of course, those are the maximum number of lines that would arise in each case; whether each of those lines could actually be observed would depend on the actual separation of their resonance frequencies, as well as on the dispersion and resolution provided by the instrument. The experimental result from the 1:1 mixture (Me: 14, *t*-Bu: 6; [Fig. 4e](#f4){ref-type="fig"}) points to the tetramers, the size of these aggregates is confirmed by the observation of the mixed 1:3 and 2:2 macrocycles in the continuous variations experiments ([Fig. 4f](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). Furthermore, the study of the concentration dependency of the ^1^H-NMR of **1a** at low temperature is consistent with the equilibrium between tetramers and hexamers in solution ([Supplementary Fig. 3](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}).
The thermodynamic parameters calculated with DFT-D3 for the model compound **1c** are indeed favourable for supramolecular association; however, their magnitudes are taken with caution as it has been argued that this method overestimates the binding energies of this type of interaction due to delocalization error. Also, solvation is likely to have an important role but these calculations do not account for it nor the effect of packing in a crystalline lattice. The calculations indicate that the binding energies of the Te^**...**^O interactions are nearly additive, there is little strain in the annular structures and only a small energetic difference between the two tetramer conformations. By enthalpy alone the hexamer would be the most stable cyclic structure, although entropy favours the smaller aggregates and individual molecules. Even more enthalpically favourable would be the infinite polymer chain but its formation naturally imposes the highest entropic cost.
The annular aggregates of iso-tellurazole *N*-oxides not only are persistent in solution but also display properties of actual macrocycles. The crystal structures of the hexamers already showcase their ability to host small molecules and suggest the construction of rotaxanes and inclusion compounds. Here we further demonstrate that they form coordination complexes and act as fullerene receptors.
The cyclic arrangement of chalcogen atoms and the trans-annular Te--Te distances of 5.0--5.6 Å suggest that the tetramers would be suitable to host transition-metal ions, this is indeed the case with Pd(II). The formation of the macrocyclic complex \[Pd(**1b**~4~)\]^2+^ is particularly significant; while the reversibility of the Te^**...**^O interactions favours the discreet oligomeric aggregates as the predominant species in solution, the lack of kinetic stabilization could compromise the structural integrity of the macrocycle. Iso-tellurazole oxides are potentially ambidentate ligands, coordination by oxygen would likely compete with the Te^**...**^O interactions. Such complication is possible even with soft metal ions; pyridine oxides, for example, easily coordinate palladium(II)[@b64]. As a macrocyclic ligand, the tetramer will enable the study of metal ions in a uniquely soft coordination sphere, which is difficult to achieve using more traditional approaches. Indeed, metal complexes of telluracrown ethers are difficult to obtain because their Te--C bonds are very reactive[@b65].
Fullerenes form adducts with a variety of macrocyclic and polycyclic molecules in solution and are amenable to structural characterization by X-ray diffraction[@b66]. In the case of **1b**, poor solubility restricted the study of the product of reaction with C~60~ to the crystallographic determination but the ability of the tetramer **1b**~4~ to bind the fullerene receptor is well-demonstrated. The fullerene adduct is an intriguing material in its own right; its columnar arrangement of C~60~ molecules could facilitate charge transport, which calls for further investigations of applications in photovoltaics and molecular semiconductors.
As shown here, iso-tellurazole *N*-oxides have an unparalleled ability to spontaneously assemble functional macrocycles and thus hold great promise as supramolecular building blocks.
Methods
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Experimental
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The manipulation of air-sensitive materials was carried out in a glove box or using standards Schlenk techniques under an atmosphere of UHP argon (Praxair). Photosensitive materials were handled under a red LED illumination source. Elemental tellurium (CERAC), DMF (EMD), sodium hydroxide (EMD), acetic anhydride (Sigma-Aldrich), boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (Sigma-Aldrich), Boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (Sigma-Aldrich), hydroxylamine-*O*-sulfonic acid (Sigma-Aldrich), sodium borohydride (Sigma-Aldrich), tetrakis(acetonitrile)palladium(II) tetrafluoroborate (Sigma-Aldrich), Fullerene C~60~ (Sigma-Aldrich), dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (Alfa Aesar), phenylacetylene (Alfa Aesar), *t*-butylacetylene (Alfa Aesar), Chloroform (Caledon), dichloromethane (Caledon), diethyl ether (Caledon), ethyl acetate (Caledon), methanol (Caledon), Sodium sulphate (Caledon), toluene (Caledon), *n*-butyllithium (Acros Organics), Silica gel 60 (VWR) and sodium carbonate (VWR) were used as received from the commercial suppliers without further purification. Solvents for used synthesis were dehydrated within an Innovative Technologies solvent purification system (THF, acetonitrile) or by reflux with an appropriate dehydrating agent (Methanol over magnesium). 4-Phenylbut-3-yn-2-one and 5,5-dimethyl-hex-3-yn-2-one were prepared by literature methods. All NMR spectra were acquired in solution with a deuterated solvent. Spectra were obtained using Bruker AVANCE 500 MHz (Bruker 5-mm Broad Band Inverse probe) or Bruker AVANCE 600 MHz (Bruker 5-mm BROAD BAND OBSERVE probe) Spectrometers at 287.5 K unless otherwise indicated. Variable temperature spectra were acquired using either a cold or ambient temperature gas flow with a BV-T 2000 variable temperature controller. The sample temperature in the spectrometers was calibrated with a chemical-shift thermometer consisting of a 4% solution of methanol in methanol-d~4~. The ^1^H, ^13^C and ^125^Te spectra were processed using Bruker TopSpin 2.1 or 3.2 software packages. The ^1^H and ^13^C spectra were referenced to tetramethyl silane using the deuterated solvent signal as a secondary reference. The ^125^Te chemical shifts are reported respect to the room-temperature resonance of TeMe~2~ (*δ*=0.00 p.p.m.) but were measured using a secondary reference of diphenyl ditelluride in CD~2~Cl~2~ (*δ*=420.36 p.p.m.). Electrospray ionization mass spectra were acquired in positive ion mode on a Waters/Micromass Quattro Ultima Global ToF mass spectrometer operating in W Mode. Pure samples were dissolved in dichloromethane followed by dilution with methanol. High resolution Mass spectra were obtained in a Waters Global and Ultima (ES Q-TOF) Mass Spectrometer (capillary=3.20 V, cone=100 V, source temp=80 °C and resolving power=10,000). Infrared vibrational spectra were acquired in a Bio-Rad FTS-40 FT-IR spectrometer or a Thermo Scientific Nicolet 6700 FT-IR spectrometer. Melting points were determined with Uni-Melt Thomas Hoover capillary melting point apparatus and are reported uncorrected. Combustion elemental analyses were carried out by Guelph Analytical Laboratories (Guelph, Ontario, Canada).
Synthesis overview
------------------
The iso-tellurazole *N*-oxides were prepared by a method ([Supplementary Fig. 4](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}) that includes the trans addition of an *in situ*-generated tellurocarbamic acid to an ynone. The resulting enone undergoes condensation with hydoxylamine-*O*-sulfonic acid to introduce the nitrogen atom and the heterocycle is closed by hydrolysis of the intermediate product. The process yields DMF and sulfuric acid as by-products that are separated in an aqueous workup.
Bis-(*N*,*N*-dimethylcarbamoyl)-ditelluride
-------------------------------------------
Sodium hydrogen telluride was prepared *in situ* from elemental tellurium (1.58 g), anhydrous sodium borohydride (2.33 g, 5 eq.) and anhydrous deoxygenated DMF (70 ml) at 95 °C under argon in a single-piece glass vessel. Shortly after heating started, the tellurium began to dissolve into a dark red--purple solution. After about 1 h, all the tellurium was consumed and the mixture became a light yellow suspension. The NaTeH dispersion was cooled to room temperature with a water bath and dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (3.97 g, 3 eq.) was added by cannula under argon; the reaction mixture was then stirred at 95 °C. The light yellow slurry was removed from the heat and cooled to room temperature in a water bath. Argon was removed with vacuum, and oxygen was introduced into the apparatus at 1 atm and the slurry became dark brown after 1 h. About 700 ml of distilled water was added into the mixture with stirring, the brown slurry turned black and was extracted repeatedly with 70 ml of diethyl ether until the aqueous solution was no longer yellow. The yellow organic solution was washed with aqueous sodium carbonate followed by distilled water, then dehydrated with Na~2~SO~4~.The organic fraction was concentrated under vacuum until a dark yellow solid began to precipitate at room temperature. The mixture was placed in a freezer (−20 °C) to promote crystallization of the pure ditelluride. Yield: 68%; mp: 105--110 °C (decomposed); ^1^H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl~3~): *δ* 3.11 (s, 3H), 3.08 (s, 3H) (cf. ref. [@b66] 3.11 (s, 3H), 3.08 (s, 3H)); ^13^C NMR (500 MHz, CDCl~3~): *δ* 145.4, 40.6, 36.1; IR (KBr): 1,660, 1,353, 1,249, 1,076, 872, 665 cm^−1^.
(Z)-4-\[(dimethylamino)carbonyltelluro\]-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one
---------------------------------------------------------------
Based on the procedure from the study by Shimada *et al*.[@b53], bis(*N*,*N*-dimethylcarbamoyl)-ditelluride (1.54 g, 3.86 mmol) was dissolved in 35 ml of anhydrous DMF under argon; the solution was dark yellow. Anhydrous NaBH~4~ (0.321 g, 8.49 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous methanol (18 ml) then added dropwise into the ditelluride solution while maintaining the temperature between −50 and −78 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min, the evolution of gas was observed and the colour of the mixture became dark red. The 4-phenylbut-3-yn-2-one (1.95 g, 13.51 mmol) was added to the reaction at 0 °C dropwise. The solution turned light yellow and stirring continued for 3 h. The reaction was quenched with 5 ml of distilled water followed by extraction with toluene in 50 ml portions from a 500 ml brine solution. The organic solution was washed with distilled water, dried with Na~2~SO~4~ and evaporated under high vacuum at 35 °C. The organic residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography with CH~2~Cl~2~:ethyl acetate (95:5% v/v). The solvent from eluate was evaporated and the product was a yellow solid. Yield: 72%; mp: 70--71 °C; ^1^H-NMR (500 MHz, CD~2~Cl~2~): *δ* 7.35--7.65 (m, 5H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H) (cf. ref. [@b53] 7.33--7.41 (m, 5H), 2.81 (s, 3H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.56 (s, 3H)); ^13^C-DEPTq NMR (500 MHz, CD~2~Cl~2~): *δ* 197.2, 160.7, 156.6, 143.9, 131, 129.17, 128.9, 128.2, 41.7, 33.9, 30.1.
(Z)-4-\[(dimethylamino)carbonyltelluro\]-4-*t*-butyl-3-buten-2-one
------------------------------------------------------------------
This derivative was synthesized in a similar way and obtained as a yellow solid. Yield: 37%; ^1^H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl~3~): *δ* 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.00 (s, 6H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.25 (s, 9H); ^13^C-DEPTq NMR (500 MHz, CD~2~Cl~2~): *δ* 199.6, 156.9, 151.6, 133.4, 41.4, 35.9, 31.2, 30.7.
3-methyl-5-phenyl-1,2-tellurazole *N*-oxide, *R*=Ph (**1b**)
------------------------------------------------------------
This compound was synthesized following the method described by Kübel[@b51] with some modifications. The tellurocarbamate (1.42 g, 4.13 mmol) was refluxed with hydroxylamine-*O*-sulfonic acid (2.05 g, 18.16 mmol) for 1 h in anhydrous methanol (90 ml). The product was extracted with chloroform, washed with distilled water, dehydrated and dried under vacuum. The crude product was dissolved again in methylene chloride and was deposited on a layer of silica (2 cm). Impurities were eluted with methylene chloride through the silica. The pure product was then eluted with a CH~2~Cl~2~/methanol solution (50:50% v/v) and the solvent was removed under vacuum. The product was obtained as a pale yellow solid. Yield: \>95%; mp: 207--211 °C (decomposed); ^1^H-NMR (500 MHz, CD~2~Cl~2~): *δ* 7.26--7.42 (m, 5H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 1.77 (s, 3H); ^13^C NMR (500 MHz, CD~2~Cl~2~): *δ* 157.9, 152.6, 140.8, 129.9, 128.2, 128.0, 127.7, 15.9; ^125^Te NMR (500 MHz, CD~2~Cl~2~): *δ* 1,595.2; IR (KBr): 3,050, 3,022, 2,918, 1,571, 1,493, 1,468, 1,443, 1,373, 1,343, 1,222, 1,109, 1,028, 927, 908, 869, 832, 759, 713, 696, 617, 584, 534 cm^−1^; HRMS (*m/z*): \[M−H\]^+^ calcd. for C~10~H~10~NOTe, 289.7961; found, 289.9831.
3-methyl-5-*t*-butyl-1,2-tellurazole *N*-oxide, *R*=*t*-Bu (1a)
---------------------------------------------------------------
This compound was synthesized in a similar way. Yield: 80%; mp: 180--185 °C (decomposed); ^1^H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl~3~): *δ* 6.96 (s, 1H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.42 (s, 9H). ^13^C-DEPTq NMR (125.8 MHz, CD~2~Cl~2~): *δ* 168.9, 156.4, 122.7, 41.5, 32.1, 16.0; IR (KBr): 2,953, 2,912, 2,865, 1,565, 1,466, 1,424, 1,389, 1,370, 1,361, 1,337, 1,243, 1,231, 1,202, 1,125, 1,030, 1,001, 967, 896, 842, 828, 794, 760, 756, 697 cm^−1^; HRMS (*m/z*): \[M-H\]^+^ calcd. for C~8~H~14~ON^129^Te, 270.0138; found, 270.0122.
\[Pd(**1b** ~**4**~)\](BF~4~)~2~
--------------------------------
A solution of isotellurazole-*N*-oxide in anhydrous dichloromethane (0.031 g, 0.108 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of tetrakis(acetonitrile)palladium(II) tetrafluoroborate in anhydrous acetonitrile (0.012 g, 0.027 mmol). The solution turned from light yellow to deep red and a reddish--brown solid precipitated. The mixture was stirred under nitrogen for a day and the solid was filtered off, washed with dichloromethane and dried under vacuum. Yield: 98%; mp: 190--191 °C; ^1^H-NMR (500 MHz, CD~3~CN): *δ* 7.49-7.42 (m, 6H), 2.11 (s, 3H); ^13^C NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d~6~): *δ* 138.4, 131.9, 129.2, 129.0, 128.7, 128.4, 128.1, 15.7; Not soluble enough for ^125^Te NMR; IR (KBr): 1,615, 1,575, 1,490, 1,442, 1,384, 1,219, 1,113, 1,084, 1,062, 928, 866, 760, 696, 614, 573, 533 cm^−1^; analysis (calcd., found for C~40~H~36~N~4~O~4~B~2~F~8~Te~4~Pd): C (33.66, 33.48), H (2.54, 2.28), N (3.93, 4.08). Slow diffusion in long tube yielded instead single crystals of idealized composition \[Pd(**1b**~4~)\](BF~4~)~2~.(CH~2~Cl~2~)~2~ in the mixing zone and crystals of pure **1b**~4~ at the bottom. The former loose the crystallization solvent under vacuum.
\[**1b** ~**4**~\]C~60~
-----------------------
A concentrated solution of **1b** (0.048 g, 0.167 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform. The layer of **1b** solution was allowed to diffuse with a layer concentrated solution of fullerene (0.030 g, 0.041 mmol) in tetrachloroethane that was filtered through an activated neutral alumina. Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained by slow diffusion with the two layers of solution until the growth of crystals reached equilibrium. Yield: 76.9%; the material did not melt or appear to decompose up to 280 °C; \[**1b**~**4**~\]C~60~ is not soluble enough to acquire meaningful ^1^H, ^13^C and ^125^Te NMR spectra. IR (KBr): 1,572, 1,491, 1,468, 1,428, 1,372, 1,221, 1,182, 1,107, 1,028, 927, 908, 869, 833, 755, 715, 694, 616, 577, 527 cm^−1^; analysis (calcd., found for C~100~H~36~N~4~O~4~Te~4~): C (64.30, 64.16), H (1.94, 1.77 ), N (3.00, 2.75).
Scrambling experiment
---------------------
The NMR samples were prepared by mixing **1b** with **1a** in 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8, 1:9, 0:10 molar ratios while maintaining a total amount of 8.717 × 10^−3^ mmol. Each sample was dissolved in 0.7 ml of deuterated methylene chloride, yielding a total concentration 12.6 mmol l^−1^. ^1^H-NMR spectra were acquired at both 179.9 and 287.5 K using a Bruker Avance 600 MHz spectrometer and are provided as [Supplementary Fig. 5](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction
--------------------------------
Single crystals were grown under the following conditions: 3(**1b**)·(C~6~H~6~): slow evaporation from a benzene solution. **1b:** slow evaporation from a CH~2~Cl~2~ solution. 12(**1b**)·(CH~2~Cl~2~): slow evaporation from a concentrated solution in a mixture of or CH~2~CH~2~/pentane (90:10% v/v). 3(**1b**)·(C~4~H~8~O): slow evaporation from a THF solution. \[Pd(**1b**~4~)\](BF~4~)~2~(CH~2~Cl~2~)~2~: diffusion of a solution of **1b** in CH~2~Cl~2~ into \[Pd(CH~3~CN)~4~\])\](BF~4~)~2~ in acetonitrile. (**1b**~**4**~)·**C**~**60**~: diffusion of a **1b** solution in CHCl~3~ into saturated C~60~ in tetrachloroethane. All crystals were mounted on a MiTeGen Micromounts with Paratone-n oil. Crystals were mounted on nylon loops (Hampton, CA) or MiTeGen Micromounts (Ithica, NY) with Paratone-n oil. A Bruker APEX2 diffractometer was used to collect data at 100 K with Mo-Kα radiation (*λ*=0.71073 Å). A CCD area detector was used and equipped with a low-temperature accessory Oxford cryostream. Solution and refinement procedures are presented in the [Supplementary Methods](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and specific details are compiled in [Supplementary Table 1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. Selected distances and angles are provided in [Supplementary Table 2](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}.
Computational
-------------
All DFT calculations were performed using the ADF/BAND DFT package (versions 2013 and 2014). Details of the method are provided in the [Supplementary Methods](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. Coordinates of all optimized structures are provided in [Supplementary Tables 3--8](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}.
Additional information
======================
**Accession codes:** The X-ray crystallographic coordinates for all structures reported in this article have been deposited at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, under deposition numbers CCDC 1414076-1414081 and 1415229. These data can be obtained free of charge from The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre ([www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif](http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif)).
**How to cite this article:** Ho, P. C. *et al*. Supramolecular macrocycles reversibly assembled by Te^...^O chalcogen bonding. *Nat. Commun.* 7:11299 doi: 10.1038/ncomms11299 (2016).
Supplementary Material {#S1}
======================
###### Supplementary Information
Supplementary Figures 1-5, Supplementary Tables 1-8, Supplementary Methods and Supplementary References
The support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada (I.V.-B.---DG, L.M.L.---PSD, J.S.---USRA) and McMaster University (P.C.H.---Summer Work Program) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Professor Goward and Drs Berno and Krachkovskiy (McMaster) for their valuable advice on the NMR experiments. Portions of this work were made possible by the facilities of the Shared Hierarchical Academic Research Computing Network (SHARCNET: [www.sharcnet.ca](http://www.sharcnet.ca)) and Compute/Calcul Canada.
**Author contributions** P.C.H. optimized the synthetic methods, isolated 3(**1b**)·(C~6~H~6~), 12(**1b**)·(CH~2~Cl~2~), \[Pd(**1b**~4~)\](BF~4~)~2~·2(CH~2~Cl~2~)~2~ and 4(**1b**)C~60~, performed the NOESY and scrambling NMR experiments, analysed the data and assisted writing the manuscript. J.S. isolated 3(**1b**)·(C~4~H~8~O), analysed the structural data and assisted with the scrambling and other experiments. J.K. and P.J.W.E. performed the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of **1a** and DFT calculations. P.S. and C.G. performed the synthesis and preliminary spectroscopic characterization of **1b**. L.M.L., H.J. and J.F.B. screened samples for X-ray crystallography, acquired diffraction data, solved and refined the structures. D.R.M. performed synthetic experiments and some DFT calculations. I.V.-B. designed the experiments, performed some DFT calculations and wrote the manuscript.
{#f1}
{#f2}
{#f3}
{#f4}
{#f5}
![Detail of the crystal structures of the derivatives of the macrocyclic tetramer 1b~4~.\
(**a**,**b**) ORTEP perspectives of the \[Pd(**1b**~4~)\][@b2]^+^ complex along (0,1,0) and along (2,1,0), respectively. (**c**) ORTEP of the crystal structure of **1b**~4~·C~60~. All displacement ellipsoids are shown at 75% probability. (**d**) Space-filling depiction of molecular packing the same crystal.](ncomms11299-f6){#f6}
###### Calculated (PBE-D3) thermodynamic parameters of aggregation in gas phase.
**Equilibrium** **Δ*****H*** **per Te**^**...**^**O interaction (kJ mol**^−**1**^**)** **Δ*****S*** **per Te**^**...**^**O interaction (J mol**^−**1**^** K**^−**1**^**)**
---------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 **1c**⇌**1c**~2~ −68.7 −185
4 **1c**⇌**1c**~4~ (chair) −68.6 −158
4 **1c**⇌**1c**~4~ (boat) −69.3 −140
6 **1c**⇌**1c**~6~ −75.7 −171
∞ **1c**⇌**1c**~∞~ −82.1 −291
[^1]: Present Address: Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
[^2]: Present Address: ALS Environmental, 1435 Norjohn Ct \#1, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7L 0E6
[^3]: Present Address: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
[^4]: Present Address: Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Road, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
}
|
reviewers:
- thockin
- lavalamp
- smarterclayton
- wojtek-t
- deads2k
- caesarxuchao
- erictune
- sttts
- saad-ali
- ncdc
- soltysh
- dims
- errordeveloper
- mml
- mbohlool
- david-mcmahon
- jianhuiz
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Comment by Atenhara
Comment by NorseBeast
Got a belt of the beast on my 70 dk. MAJOR upgrade from my old one. Ran into the rare mob by chance outside Nifflevar while doing the falconer quest chain.
Comment by jaybone71
just got "of the champion" on 68 death knight outside of Nifflevar.
Comment by lilymaiden
I got the belt of the squire off of Vigdis the War Maiden near Ivald's Ruin in the Howling Fjord
Comment by ratamastasim
this is an awesome belt ill be able to use soon.
Comment by Triall
was walking arround,killed the rare dude,and got this :o ..nice for the AH since im a hunter -.-
Comment by autoassassin
...of the Soldier is a new to Northrend Retadins wet dream, picked mine up off the AH for about 30G. I'm sure it would work very nicely for a Warrior or Death Knight as well.
Comment by zknm7
This belt matches the Trial of the Champion dungeon set, a major plus for those looking for it for transmog, as the belt is a normal mode drop. With Cross-Realm-Zones now in effect, it's very easy to find ppl to run the Heroic version with you for the three extra Champions Seals per day, but still quite difficult to find people to help you with obtaining the non-heroic set pieces. I picked my belt up in the AH for 30g, a steal when compared with the effort of finding people to help you in normal ToC 5m.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
The RCom-Ericsson spat continued in the Supreme Court with the Swedish company insisting it should be allowed to close insolvency proceedings initiated against RCom in the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) as it has already got its dues, but RCom resisted the move.This prompted a top court bench led by Justice RF Nariman to issue notices to both sides, asking them to present their legal position on whether insolvency proceedings should go on or not against RCom in the NCLT by way of written submissions with a week each.The bench, which also comprises Justice Vineet Saran, will then adjudicate on the legality of the case. RCom paid off Rs 580 crore in dues to Ericsson at the last moment, narrowly averting the possibility of its chairman Anil Ambani landing in jail.Anil Ambani was bailed out by elder brother Mukesh Ambani . The payment, Ericsson’s senior advocate Dushyant Dave told the court, should lead to a closure of the insolvency proceedings in the NCLT.But RCom, through senior advocate Mukul Rohatgi , assisted by lawyer Mahesh Agrawal, has resisted the move. Rohatgi said Ericsson would have to go to the NCLT to withdraw those proceedings. Withdrawal would be subject to 90% of the lenders agreeing to it, he contended. Dave argued that RCom wanted to unscramble a scrambled egg.“One-and-half-years have passed. They obstructed proceedings in the NCLT. Meanwhile, equities have changed. A substantial part of the assets has been sold off. This will work against us,” Dave argued.Rohtagi suggested that anyone who moved NCLT did not have a right to withdraw. That would be subject to lenders agreeing to the move. Instead, Rohatgi asked the bench to quash all proceedings in the top court and let the matter go on in the NCLT.But the bench said it could not prima facie quash proceedings in the face of Section 12A of the IBC, which allows for withdrawal in the NCLT. The bench then adjourned the case for two weeks. Sources said Ericsson doesn’t want to pursue insolvency proceedings as continuing with it would entail paying the resolution professional when there was no need for it.Ericsson had filed for bankruptcy in NCLT in September 2017, against RCom over non-payment of dues worth over Rs 1,500 crore. The matter was settled after 18 months in March 2018, at Rs 580 crore. Sources said the primary reason why RCom did not want the insolvency withdrawn was because the payment moratorium against it would go and its creditors will come homing in for their dues.The telco will then have to pay for its bank guarantees etc. and the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) can demand its dues as well. Ericsson declined to comment and RCom didn’t respond to emailed queries seeking comment.The National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) recently stayed a show-cause notice from DoT to RCom asking it to explain why its licence and spectrum for the Mumbai circle shouldn’t be withdrawn for defaulting on Rs 21 crore in spectrum payment. RCom had fallen back on the payment moratorium to argue that its licence cannot be revoked. The telco has two other payment instalments — of Rs 281 crore and Rs 492 crore — that will be overdue in April.If RCom goes into insolvency, Reliance Jio Infocomm (Jio) will be a major beneficiary as it can pick up assets at a cheaper rate than the earlier quoted price. RCom had inked a pact with Jio to sell its spectrum, nodes, towers and fibre. While nodes and fibre were sold to Jio for Rs 5,000 crore, the deal on spectrum and towers fell through.A DoT official said if insolvency proceedings go, it would also want its dues. The department will invoke bank guarantees and withdraw spectrum over non-payment of dues. RCom and DoT have been at loggerheads too with both sides fighting legal battles over spectrum dues and one-time spectrum charges.RCom has held DoT as one of the key reasons why its deal with Jio didn’t work out. DoT had refused to give a nod to the spectrum trading deal till Jio confirmed it would pick up any dues that RCom doesn’t manage to repay.
|
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"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
/*
* Copyright (c) 2004, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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package sun.tools.jconsole.inspector;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.management.IntrospectionException;
import javax.management.NotificationListener;
import javax.management.MBeanInfo;
import javax.management.InstanceNotFoundException;
import javax.management.ReflectionException;
import javax.management.MBeanAttributeInfo;
import javax.management.MBeanOperationInfo;
import javax.management.MBeanNotificationInfo;
import javax.management.Notification;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.SwingWorker;
import javax.swing.border.LineBorder;
import javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode;
import javax.swing.tree.DefaultTreeModel;
import sun.tools.jconsole.*;
import sun.tools.jconsole.inspector.XNodeInfo.Type;
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class XSheet extends JPanel
implements ActionListener, NotificationListener {
private JPanel mainPanel;
private JPanel southPanel;
// Node being currently displayed
private volatile DefaultMutableTreeNode currentNode;
// MBean being currently displayed
private volatile XMBean mbean;
// XMBeanAttributes container
private XMBeanAttributes mbeanAttributes;
// XMBeanOperations container
private XMBeanOperations mbeanOperations;
// XMBeanNotifications container
private XMBeanNotifications mbeanNotifications;
// XMBeanInfo container
private XMBeanInfo mbeanInfo;
// Refresh JButton (mbean attributes case)
private JButton refreshButton;
// Subscribe/Unsubscribe/Clear JButton (mbean notifications case)
private JButton clearButton, subscribeButton, unsubscribeButton;
// Reference to MBeans tab
private MBeansTab mbeansTab;
public XSheet(MBeansTab mbeansTab) {
this.mbeansTab = mbeansTab;
setupScreen();
}
public void dispose() {
clear();
XDataViewer.dispose(mbeansTab);
mbeanNotifications.dispose();
}
private void setupScreen() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.GRAY));
// add main panel to XSheet
mainPanel = new JPanel();
mainPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(mainPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
// add south panel to XSheet
southPanel = new JPanel();
add(southPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
// create the refresh button
refreshButton = new JButton(Messages.MBEANS_TAB_REFRESH_ATTRIBUTES_BUTTON);
refreshButton.setMnemonic(Resources.getMnemonicInt(Messages.MBEANS_TAB_REFRESH_ATTRIBUTES_BUTTON));
refreshButton.setToolTipText(Messages.MBEANS_TAB_REFRESH_ATTRIBUTES_BUTTON_TOOLTIP);
refreshButton.addActionListener(this);
// create the clear button
clearButton = new JButton(Messages.MBEANS_TAB_CLEAR_NOTIFICATIONS_BUTTON);
clearButton.setMnemonic(Resources.getMnemonicInt(Messages.MBEANS_TAB_CLEAR_NOTIFICATIONS_BUTTON));
clearButton.setToolTipText(Messages.MBEANS_TAB_CLEAR_NOTIFICATIONS_BUTTON_TOOLTIP);
clearButton.addActionListener(this);
// create the subscribe button
subscribeButton = new JButton(Messages.MBEANS_TAB_SUBSCRIBE_NOTIFICATIONS_BUTTON);
subscribeButton.setMnemonic(Resources.getMnemonicInt(Messages.MBEANS_TAB_SUBSCRIBE_NOTIFICATIONS_BUTTON));
subscribeButton.setToolTipText(Messages.MBEANS_TAB_SUBSCRIBE_NOTIFICATIONS_BUTTON_TOOLTIP);
subscribeButton.addActionListener(this);
// create the unsubscribe button
unsubscribeButton = new JButton(Messages.MBEANS_TAB_UNSUBSCRIBE_NOTIFICATIONS_BUTTON);
unsubscribeButton.setMnemonic(Resources.getMnemonicInt(Messages.MBEANS_TAB_UNSUBSCRIBE_NOTIFICATIONS_BUTTON));
unsubscribeButton.setToolTipText(Messages.MBEANS_TAB_UNSUBSCRIBE_NOTIFICATIONS_BUTTON_TOOLTIP);
unsubscribeButton.addActionListener(this);
// create XMBeanAttributes container
mbeanAttributes = new XMBeanAttributes(mbeansTab);
// create XMBeanOperations container
mbeanOperations = new XMBeanOperations(mbeansTab);
mbeanOperations.addOperationsListener(this);
// create XMBeanNotifications container
mbeanNotifications = new XMBeanNotifications();
mbeanNotifications.addNotificationsListener(this);
// create XMBeanInfo container
mbeanInfo = new XMBeanInfo();
}
private boolean isSelectedNode(DefaultMutableTreeNode n, DefaultMutableTreeNode cn) {
return (cn == n);
}
// Call on EDT
private void showErrorDialog(Object message, String title) {
new ThreadDialog(this, message, title, JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE).run();
}
public boolean isMBeanNode(DefaultMutableTreeNode node) {
Object userObject = node.getUserObject();
if (userObject instanceof XNodeInfo) {
XNodeInfo uo = (XNodeInfo) userObject;
return uo.getType().equals(Type.MBEAN);
}
return false;
}
// Call on EDT
public synchronized void displayNode(DefaultMutableTreeNode node) {
clear();
displayEmptyNode();
if (node == null) {
return;
}
currentNode = node;
Object userObject = node.getUserObject();
if (userObject instanceof XNodeInfo) {
XNodeInfo uo = (XNodeInfo) userObject;
switch (uo.getType()) {
case MBEAN:
displayMBeanNode(node);
break;
case NONMBEAN:
displayEmptyNode();
break;
case ATTRIBUTES:
displayMBeanAttributesNode(node);
break;
case OPERATIONS:
displayMBeanOperationsNode(node);
break;
case NOTIFICATIONS:
displayMBeanNotificationsNode(node);
break;
case ATTRIBUTE:
case OPERATION:
case NOTIFICATION:
displayMetadataNode(node);
break;
default:
displayEmptyNode();
break;
}
} else {
displayEmptyNode();
}
}
// Call on EDT
private void displayMBeanNode(final DefaultMutableTreeNode node) {
final XNodeInfo uo = (XNodeInfo) node.getUserObject();
if (!uo.getType().equals(Type.MBEAN)) {
return;
}
mbean = (XMBean) uo.getData();
SwingWorker<MBeanInfo, Void> sw = new SwingWorker<MBeanInfo, Void>() {
@Override
public MBeanInfo doInBackground() throws InstanceNotFoundException,
IntrospectionException, ReflectionException, IOException {
return mbean.getMBeanInfo();
}
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
MBeanInfo mbi = get();
if (mbi != null) {
if (!isSelectedNode(node, currentNode)) {
return;
}
mbeanInfo.addMBeanInfo(mbean, mbi);
invalidate();
mainPanel.removeAll();
mainPanel.add(mbeanInfo, BorderLayout.CENTER);
southPanel.setVisible(false);
southPanel.removeAll();
validate();
repaint();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Throwable t = Utils.getActualException(e);
if (JConsole.isDebug()) {
System.err.println("Couldn't get MBeanInfo for MBean [" +
mbean.getObjectName() + "]");
t.printStackTrace();
}
showErrorDialog(t.toString(),
Messages.PROBLEM_DISPLAYING_MBEAN);
}
}
};
sw.execute();
}
// Call on EDT
private void displayMetadataNode(final DefaultMutableTreeNode node) {
final XNodeInfo uo = (XNodeInfo) node.getUserObject();
final XMBeanInfo mbi = mbeanInfo;
switch (uo.getType()) {
case ATTRIBUTE:
SwingWorker<MBeanAttributeInfo, Void> sw =
new SwingWorker<MBeanAttributeInfo, Void>() {
@Override
public MBeanAttributeInfo doInBackground() {
Object attrData = uo.getData();
mbean = (XMBean) ((Object[]) attrData)[0];
MBeanAttributeInfo mbai =
(MBeanAttributeInfo) ((Object[]) attrData)[1];
mbeanAttributes.loadAttributes(mbean, new MBeanInfo(
null, null, new MBeanAttributeInfo[]{mbai},
null, null, null));
return mbai;
}
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
MBeanAttributeInfo mbai = get();
if (!isSelectedNode(node, currentNode)) {
return;
}
invalidate();
mainPanel.removeAll();
JPanel attributePanel =
new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
JPanel attributeBorderPanel =
new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
attributeBorderPanel.setBorder(
BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(
Messages.ATTRIBUTE_VALUE));
JPanel attributeValuePanel =
new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
attributeValuePanel.setBorder(
LineBorder.createGrayLineBorder());
attributeValuePanel.add(mbeanAttributes.getTableHeader(),
BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
attributeValuePanel.add(mbeanAttributes,
BorderLayout.CENTER);
attributeBorderPanel.add(attributeValuePanel,
BorderLayout.CENTER);
JPanel refreshButtonPanel = new JPanel();
refreshButtonPanel.add(refreshButton);
attributeBorderPanel.add(refreshButtonPanel,
BorderLayout.SOUTH);
refreshButton.setEnabled(true);
attributePanel.add(attributeBorderPanel,
BorderLayout.NORTH);
mbi.addMBeanAttributeInfo(mbai);
attributePanel.add(mbi, BorderLayout.CENTER);
mainPanel.add(attributePanel,
BorderLayout.CENTER);
southPanel.setVisible(false);
southPanel.removeAll();
validate();
repaint();
} catch (Exception e) {
Throwable t = Utils.getActualException(e);
if (JConsole.isDebug()) {
System.err.println("Problem displaying MBean " +
"attribute for MBean [" +
mbean.getObjectName() + "]");
t.printStackTrace();
}
showErrorDialog(t.toString(),
Messages.PROBLEM_DISPLAYING_MBEAN);
}
}
};
sw.execute();
break;
case OPERATION:
Object operData = uo.getData();
mbean = (XMBean) ((Object[]) operData)[0];
MBeanOperationInfo mboi =
(MBeanOperationInfo) ((Object[]) operData)[1];
mbeanOperations.loadOperations(mbean,
new MBeanInfo(null, null, null, null,
new MBeanOperationInfo[]{mboi}, null));
invalidate();
mainPanel.removeAll();
JPanel operationPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
JPanel operationBorderPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
operationBorderPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(
Messages.OPERATION_INVOCATION));
operationBorderPanel.add(new JScrollPane(mbeanOperations));
operationPanel.add(operationBorderPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
mbi.addMBeanOperationInfo(mboi);
operationPanel.add(mbi, BorderLayout.CENTER);
mainPanel.add(operationPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
southPanel.setVisible(false);
southPanel.removeAll();
validate();
repaint();
break;
case NOTIFICATION:
Object notifData = uo.getData();
invalidate();
mainPanel.removeAll();
mbi.addMBeanNotificationInfo((MBeanNotificationInfo) notifData);
mainPanel.add(mbi, BorderLayout.CENTER);
southPanel.setVisible(false);
southPanel.removeAll();
validate();
repaint();
break;
}
}
// Call on EDT
private void displayMBeanAttributesNode(final DefaultMutableTreeNode node) {
final XNodeInfo uo = (XNodeInfo) node.getUserObject();
if (!uo.getType().equals(Type.ATTRIBUTES)) {
return;
}
mbean = (XMBean) uo.getData();
final XMBean xmb = mbean;
SwingWorker<MBeanInfo,Void> sw = new SwingWorker<MBeanInfo,Void>() {
@Override
public MBeanInfo doInBackground() throws InstanceNotFoundException,
IntrospectionException, ReflectionException, IOException {
MBeanInfo mbi = xmb.getMBeanInfo();
return mbi;
}
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
MBeanInfo mbi = get();
if (mbi != null && mbi.getAttributes() != null &&
mbi.getAttributes().length > 0) {
mbeanAttributes.loadAttributes(xmb, mbi);
if (!isSelectedNode(node, currentNode)) {
return;
}
invalidate();
mainPanel.removeAll();
JPanel borderPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
borderPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(
Messages.ATTRIBUTE_VALUES));
borderPanel.add(new JScrollPane(mbeanAttributes));
mainPanel.add(borderPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
// add the refresh button to the south panel
southPanel.removeAll();
southPanel.add(refreshButton, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
southPanel.setVisible(true);
refreshButton.setEnabled(true);
validate();
repaint();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Throwable t = Utils.getActualException(e);
if (JConsole.isDebug()) {
System.err.println("Problem displaying MBean " +
"attributes for MBean [" +
mbean.getObjectName() + "]");
t.printStackTrace();
}
showErrorDialog(t.toString(),
Messages.PROBLEM_DISPLAYING_MBEAN);
}
}
};
sw.execute();
}
// Call on EDT
private void displayMBeanOperationsNode(final DefaultMutableTreeNode node) {
final XNodeInfo uo = (XNodeInfo) node.getUserObject();
if (!uo.getType().equals(Type.OPERATIONS)) {
return;
}
mbean = (XMBean) uo.getData();
SwingWorker<MBeanInfo, Void> sw = new SwingWorker<MBeanInfo, Void>() {
@Override
public MBeanInfo doInBackground() throws InstanceNotFoundException,
IntrospectionException, ReflectionException, IOException {
return mbean.getMBeanInfo();
}
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
MBeanInfo mbi = get();
if (mbi != null) {
if (!isSelectedNode(node, currentNode)) {
return;
}
mbeanOperations.loadOperations(mbean, mbi);
invalidate();
mainPanel.removeAll();
JPanel borderPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
borderPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(
Messages.OPERATION_INVOCATION));
borderPanel.add(new JScrollPane(mbeanOperations));
mainPanel.add(borderPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
southPanel.setVisible(false);
southPanel.removeAll();
validate();
repaint();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Throwable t = Utils.getActualException(e);
if (JConsole.isDebug()) {
System.err.println("Problem displaying MBean " +
"operations for MBean [" +
mbean.getObjectName() + "]");
t.printStackTrace();
}
showErrorDialog(t.toString(),
Messages.PROBLEM_DISPLAYING_MBEAN);
}
}
};
sw.execute();
}
// Call on EDT
private void displayMBeanNotificationsNode(DefaultMutableTreeNode node) {
final XNodeInfo uo = (XNodeInfo) node.getUserObject();
if (!uo.getType().equals(Type.NOTIFICATIONS)) {
return;
}
mbean = (XMBean) uo.getData();
mbeanNotifications.loadNotifications(mbean);
updateNotifications();
invalidate();
mainPanel.removeAll();
JPanel borderPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
borderPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(
Messages.NOTIFICATION_BUFFER));
borderPanel.add(new JScrollPane(mbeanNotifications));
mainPanel.add(borderPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
// add the subscribe/unsubscribe/clear buttons to the south panel
southPanel.removeAll();
southPanel.add(subscribeButton, BorderLayout.WEST);
southPanel.add(unsubscribeButton, BorderLayout.CENTER);
southPanel.add(clearButton, BorderLayout.EAST);
southPanel.setVisible(true);
subscribeButton.setEnabled(true);
unsubscribeButton.setEnabled(true);
clearButton.setEnabled(true);
validate();
repaint();
}
// Call on EDT
private void displayEmptyNode() {
invalidate();
mainPanel.removeAll();
southPanel.removeAll();
validate();
repaint();
}
/**
* Subscribe button action.
*/
private void registerListener() {
new SwingWorker<Void, Void>() {
@Override
public Void doInBackground()
throws InstanceNotFoundException, IOException {
mbeanNotifications.registerListener(currentNode);
return null;
}
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
get();
updateNotifications();
validate();
} catch (Exception e) {
Throwable t = Utils.getActualException(e);
if (JConsole.isDebug()) {
System.err.println("Problem adding listener");
t.printStackTrace();
}
showErrorDialog(t.getMessage(),
Messages.PROBLEM_ADDING_LISTENER);
}
}
}.execute();
}
/**
* Unsubscribe button action.
*/
private void unregisterListener() {
new SwingWorker<Boolean, Void>() {
@Override
public Boolean doInBackground() {
return mbeanNotifications.unregisterListener(currentNode);
}
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
if (get()) {
updateNotifications();
validate();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Throwable t = Utils.getActualException(e);
if (JConsole.isDebug()) {
System.err.println("Problem removing listener");
t.printStackTrace();
}
showErrorDialog(t.getMessage(),
Messages.PROBLEM_REMOVING_LISTENER);
}
}
}.execute();
}
/**
* Refresh button action.
*/
private void refreshAttributes() {
mbeanAttributes.refreshAttributes();
}
// Call on EDT
private void updateNotifications() {
if (mbeanNotifications.isListenerRegistered(mbean)) {
long received = mbeanNotifications.getReceivedNotifications(mbean);
updateReceivedNotifications(currentNode, received, false);
} else {
clearNotifications();
}
}
/**
* Update notification node label in MBean tree: "Notifications[received]".
*/
// Call on EDT
private void updateReceivedNotifications(
DefaultMutableTreeNode emitter, long received, boolean bold) {
String text = Messages.NOTIFICATIONS + "[" + received + "]";
DefaultMutableTreeNode selectedNode = (DefaultMutableTreeNode) mbeansTab.getTree().getLastSelectedPathComponent();
if (bold && emitter != selectedNode) {
text = "<html><b>" + text + "</b></html>";
}
updateNotificationsNodeLabel(emitter, text);
}
/**
* Update notification node label in MBean tree: "Notifications".
*/
// Call on EDT
private void clearNotifications() {
updateNotificationsNodeLabel(currentNode,
Messages.NOTIFICATIONS);
}
/**
* Update notification node label in MBean tree: "Notifications[0]".
*/
// Call on EDT
private void clearNotifications0() {
updateNotificationsNodeLabel(currentNode,
Messages.NOTIFICATIONS + "[0]");
}
/**
* Update the label of the supplied MBean tree node.
*/
// Call on EDT
private void updateNotificationsNodeLabel(
DefaultMutableTreeNode node, String label) {
synchronized (mbeansTab.getTree()) {
invalidate();
XNodeInfo oldUserObject = (XNodeInfo) node.getUserObject();
XNodeInfo newUserObject = new XNodeInfo(
oldUserObject.getType(), oldUserObject.getData(),
label, oldUserObject.getToolTipText());
node.setUserObject(newUserObject);
DefaultTreeModel model =
(DefaultTreeModel) mbeansTab.getTree().getModel();
model.nodeChanged(node);
validate();
repaint();
}
}
/**
* Clear button action.
*/
// Call on EDT
private void clearCurrentNotifications() {
mbeanNotifications.clearCurrentNotifications();
if (mbeanNotifications.isListenerRegistered(mbean)) {
// Update notifs in MBean tree "Notifications[0]".
//
// Notification buffer has been cleared with a listener been
// registered so add "[0]" at the end of the node label.
//
clearNotifications0();
} else {
// Update notifs in MBean tree "Notifications".
//
// Notification buffer has been cleared without a listener been
// registered so don't add "[0]" at the end of the node label.
//
clearNotifications();
}
}
// Call on EDT
private void clear() {
mbeanAttributes.stopCellEditing();
mbeanAttributes.emptyTable();
mbeanAttributes.removeAttributes();
mbeanOperations.removeOperations();
mbeanNotifications.stopCellEditing();
mbeanNotifications.emptyTable();
mbeanNotifications.disableNotifications();
mbean = null;
currentNode = null;
}
/**
* Notification listener: handles asynchronous reception
* of MBean operation results and MBean notifications.
*/
// Call on EDT
public void handleNotification(Notification e, Object handback) {
// Operation result
if (e.getType().equals(XOperations.OPERATION_INVOCATION_EVENT)) {
final Object message;
if (handback == null) {
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea("null");
textArea.setEditable(false);
textArea.setEnabled(true);
textArea.setRows(textArea.getLineCount());
message = textArea;
} else {
Component comp = mbeansTab.getDataViewer().
createOperationViewer(handback, mbean);
if (comp == null) {
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(handback.toString());
textArea.setEditable(false);
textArea.setEnabled(true);
textArea.setRows(textArea.getLineCount());
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
Dimension d = scrollPane.getPreferredSize();
if (d.getWidth() > 400 || d.getHeight() > 250) {
scrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(400, 250));
}
message = scrollPane;
} else {
if (!(comp instanceof JScrollPane)) {
comp = new JScrollPane(comp);
}
Dimension d = comp.getPreferredSize();
if (d.getWidth() > 400 || d.getHeight() > 250) {
comp.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(400, 250));
}
message = comp;
}
}
new ThreadDialog(
(Component) e.getSource(),
message,
Messages.OPERATION_RETURN_VALUE,
JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE).run();
} // Got notification
else if (e.getType().equals(
XMBeanNotifications.NOTIFICATION_RECEIVED_EVENT)) {
DefaultMutableTreeNode emitter = (DefaultMutableTreeNode) handback;
Long received = (Long) e.getUserData();
updateReceivedNotifications(emitter, received.longValue(), true);
}
}
/**
* Action listener: handles actions in panel buttons
*/
// Call on EDT
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (e.getSource() instanceof JButton) {
JButton button = (JButton) e.getSource();
// Refresh button
if (button == refreshButton) {
refreshAttributes();
return;
}
// Clear button
if (button == clearButton) {
clearCurrentNotifications();
return;
}
// Subscribe button
if (button == subscribeButton) {
registerListener();
return;
}
// Unsubscribe button
if (button == unsubscribeButton) {
unregisterListener();
return;
}
}
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
#!/bin/bash
# $0 <exec> $device <ipsw>
if [ "$#" == 1 ]; then
if [ ! -e "/usr/local/bin/brew" ]; then
echo "OOOOF, brew is not installed? Installing..."
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
else
echo "[+] Installing dependencies"
brew install libtool automake lsusb openssl libzip pkg-config
brew install --HEAD libusbmuxd
brew link --overwrite libusbmuxd
brew install --HEAD libimobiledevice
brew link --overwrite libimobiledevice
brew install --HEAD libplist
brew link --overwrite libplist
if [ -e "ipwndfu_public" ]; then
cd ipwndfu_public && git pull origin master
cd ..
else
git clone https://github.com/MatthewPierson/ipwndfu_public
fi
cd ipwndfu_public
string=$(lsusb | grep -c "checkm8")
until [ $string = 1 ];
do
killall iTunes && killall iTunesHelper
echo "Waiting 10 seconds to allow you to enter DFU mode"
sleep 10
echo "Attempting to get into pwndfu mode"
echo "Please just enter DFU mode again on each reboot"
echo "The script will run ipwndfu again and again until the device is in PWNDFU mode"
./ipwndfu -p
string=$(lsusb | grep -c "checkm8")
done
sleep 3
python rmsigchks.py
cd ..
if [ $string == 1 ]; then
echo "We seem to be in pwned DFU mode!"
if [ -e "build" ]; then
echo "[+] Build folder exists! If the script doesn't work please delete the 'Build' folder and run it again"
sleep 3
else
echo "[+] Build folder does not exist! Grabbing dependencies and installing!"
mkdir -p build && cd build
git clone https://github.com/libimobiledevice/libirecovery
git clone https://github.com/tihmstar/libfragmentzip
git clone https://github.com/tihmstar/libgeneral.git
git clone --recursive https://github.com/merculous/futurerestore
git clone -n https://github.com/tihmstar/liboffsetfinder64
git clone https://github.com/tihmstar/img4tool.git
git clone --recursive https://github.com/tihmstar/tsschecker
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig"
cd libirecovery
git submodule init && git submodule update
./autogen.sh
make && make install
cd ../libgeneral
git submodule init && git submodule update
./autogen.sh
make && make install
cd ../libfragmentzip
git submodule init && git submodule update
./autogen.sh
make && make install
cd ../futurerestore
git submodule init && git submodule update
./autogen.sh
make && make install
cd ../liboffsetfinder64
git checkout c1b4203f1f8e05d49673548bab8963388be2dbf0
git submodule init && git submodule update
./autogen.sh
make && make install
cd ../img4tool
git submodule init && git submodule update
./autogen.sh
make && make install
cd ../tsschecker
git submodule init && git submodule update
./autogen.sh
make && make install
cd ../..
echo "[+] Dependencies should now be installed and compiled."
fi
rm -rfv ipsw dummy_file *.im4p *.prepatched *.raw *.img4 shsh downgrade*
echo "Killing iTunes as this will be quite annoying with what we are going to do."
killall iTunes && killall iTunesHelper
mkdir -p ipsw
mkdir -p shsh
unzip -d ipsw $1
cp -rv ipsw/Firmware/Mav7Mav8-7.60.00.Release.bbfw .
ls
./igetnonce | grep 'n53ap' &> /dev/null
if [ $? == 0 ]; then
echo "Supported Device"
device="iPhone6,2"
echo $device
fi
./igetnonce | grep 'n51ap' &> /dev/null
if [ $? == 0 ]; then
echo "Supported Device"
device="iPhone6,1"
echo $device
fi
./igetnonce | grep 'j71ap' &> /dev/null
if [ $? == 0 ]; then
echo "Supported Device"
device="iPad4,1"
echo $device
fi
./igetnonce | grep 'j72ap' &> /dev/null
if [ $? == 0 ]; then
echo "Supported Device"
device="iPad4,2"
echo $device
fi
./igetnonce | grep 'j85ap' &> /dev/null
if [ $? == 0 ]; then
echo "Supported Device"
device="iPad4,4"
echo $device
fi
./igetnonce | grep 'j86ap' &> /dev/null
if [ $? == 0 ]; then
echo "Supported Device"
device="iPad4,5"
echo $device
fi
if [ -z "$device" ]
then
echo "Either unsupported device or no device found."
echo "Exiting.."
exit
else
echo "Supported device found."
fi
#Credit to @dora2_yururi for ECID/Apnonce getting stuff from Nudaoaddu
ret=$(./igetnonce 2>/dev/null | grep ECID)
ecidhex=$(echo $ret | cut -d '=' -f 2 )
ecidhex2=$(echo $ecidhex | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]')
echo $ecidhex2 >/dev/null
ecid=$(echo "obase=10; ibase=16; $ecidhex2" | bc)
echo $ecid
if [ $device == iPhone6,1 ] || [ $device == iPhone6,2 ]; then # If iPhone 5S
mv -v ipsw/Firmware/dfu/*.iphone6*.im4p .
if [ $device == iPhone6,1 ]; then
cp -rv ipsw/Firmware/all_flash/sep-firmware.n51.RELEASE.im4p .
else
cp -rv ipsw/Firmware/all_flash/sep-firmware.n53.RELEASE.im4p .
fi
img4tool -e --iv f2aa35f6e27c409fd57e9b711f416cfe --key 599d9b18bc51d93f2385fa4e83539a2eec955fce5f4ae960b252583fcbebfe75 -o iBSS.raw iBSS.iphone6.RELEASE.im4p
img4tool -e --iv 75a06e85e2d9835827334738bb84ce73 --key 15c61c585d30ab07497f68aee0a64c433e4b1183abde4cfd91c185b9a70ab91a -o iBEC.raw iBEC.iphone6.RELEASE.im4p
./iBoot64Patcher iBSS.raw iBSS.prepatched
./iBoot64Patcher iBEC.raw iBEC.prepatched
img4tool -c iBSS.im4p -t ibss iBSS.prepatched
img4tool -c iBEC.im4p -t ibec iBEC.prepatched
tsschecker -d "$device" -i 10.3.3 -o -m manifests/BuildManifest_"$device"_1033_OTA.plist -e $ecid -s --save-path shsh
mv -v shsh/*.shsh* shsh/stitch.shsh2
img4tool -c iBSS.img4 -p iBSS.im4p -s shsh/stitch.shsh2
img4tool -c iBEC.img4 -p iBEC.im4p -s shsh/stitch.shsh2
cp -v iBSS.img4 ipsw/Firmware/dfu/iBSS.iphone6.RELEASE.im4p
cp -v iBEC.img4 ipsw/Firmware/dfu/iBEC.iphone6.RELEASE.im4p
fi
if [ $device == iPad4,1 ] || [ $device == iPad4,2 ] || [ $device == iPad4,3 ]; then # If iPad Air
mv -v ipsw/Firmware/dfu/iBEC.ipad4.RELEASE.im4p .
mv -v ipsw/Firmware/dfu/iBSS.ipad4.RELEASE.im4p .
if [ $device == iPad4,1 ]; then
cp -rv ipsw/Firmware/all_flash/sep-firmware.j71.RELEASE.im4p .
fi
if [ $device == iPad4,2 ]; then
cp -rv ipsw/Firmware/all_flash/sep-firmware.j72.RELEASE.im4p .
fi
if [ $device == iPad4,3 ]; then
cp -rv ipsw/Firmware/all_flash/sep-firmware.j73.RELEASE.im4p .
fi
img4tool -e --iv a83dfcc277766ccb5da4220811ec2407 --key b4f8d062a97628231a289ae2a50647c309c43030577dca7fc2eee3a13ddb51ea -o iBEC.raw iBEC.ipad4.RELEASE.im4p
./iBoot64Patcher iBEC.raw iBEC.prepatched
img4tool -c iBEC.im4p -t ibec iBEC.prepatched
img4tool -e --iv 28eed0b4cada986cee0ec95350b64f04 --key c8b8f09e4cc888e4d0045145bceebb3783e146d56393ffce3268aae3225af3d7 -o iBSS.raw iBSS.ipad4.RELEASE.im4p
./iBoot64Patcher iBSS.raw iBSS.prepatched
img4tool -c iBSS.im4p -t ibss iBSS.prepatched
if [ $device == iPad4,3 ]; then
tsschecker -d "$device" --boardconfig j73AP -i 10.3.3 -o -m manifests/BuildManifest_"$device"_1033_OTA.plist -e $ecid -s --save-path shsh
fi
if [ $device = iPad4,1 ] || [ $device = iPad4,2 ]; then
tsschecker -d "$device" -i 10.3.3 -o -m manifests/BuildManifest_"$device"_1033_OTA.plist -e $ecid -s --save-path shsh
fi
mv -v shsh/*.shsh* shsh/stitch.shsh2
img4tool -c iBEC.img4 -p iBEC.im4p -s shsh/stitch.shsh2
cp -v iBEC.img4 ipsw/Firmware/dfu/iBEC.ipad4.RELEASE.im4p
img4tool -c iBSS.img4 -p iBSS.im4p -s shsh/stitch.shsh2
cp -v iBSS.img4 ipsw/Firmware/dfu/iBSS.ipad4.RELEASE.im4p
fi
if [ $device == iPad4,4 ] || [ $device == iPad4,5 ]; then # If iPad Mini 2
mv -v ipsw/Firmware/dfu/iBEC.ipad4b.RELEASE.im4p .
mv -v ipsw/Firmware/dfu/iBSS.ipad4b.RELEASE.im4p .
if [ $device == iPad4,4 ]; then
cp -rv ipsw/Firmware/all_flash/sep-firmware.j85.RELEASE.im4p .
else
cp -rv ipsw/Firmware/all_flash/sep-firmware.j86.RELEASE.im4p .
fi
img4tool -e --iv 3067a2585100890afd3b266926ac254b --key dcdf5a9eb3ae0464e984333e15876faa116525ca4b61f361283a808ca09c7480 -o iBEC.raw iBEC.ipad4b.RELEASE.im4p
./iBoot64Patcher iBEC.raw iBEC.prepatched
img4tool -c iBEC.im4p -t ibec iBEC.prepatched
img4tool -e --iv b3aafc6e758290c3aeec057105d16b36 --key 77659e333d13ebb5ad804daf4fbbaf4a9c86bc6065e88ac0190df8c119a916f3 -o iBSS.raw iBSS.ipad4b.RELEASE.im4p
./iBoot64Patcher iBSS.raw iBSS.prepatched
img4tool -c iBSS.im4p -t ibss iBSS.prepatched
tsschecker -d "$device" -i 10.3.3 -o -m manifests/BuildManifest_"$device"_1033_OTA.plist -e $ecid -s --save-path shsh
mv -v shsh/*.shsh* shsh/stitch.shsh2
img4tool -c iBEC.img4 -p iBEC.im4p -s shsh/stitch.shsh2
cp -v iBEC.img4 ipsw/Firmware/dfu/iBEC.ipad4b.RELEASE.im4p
img4tool -c iBSS.img4 -p iBSS.im4p -s shsh/stitch.shsh2
cp -v iBSS.img4 ipsw/Firmware/dfu/iBSS.ipad4b.RELEASE.im4p
fi
cd ipsw
zip ../downgrade.ipsw -r9 *
cd ..
echo "checkm8" >> dummy_file
raw=$(irecovery -q | grep NONC)
apnonce=$(echo $raw | cut -d ':' -f 2)
if [ $device == iPad4,1 ] || [ $device == iPad4,2 ] || [ $device == iPad4,3 ] || [ $device == iPad4,4 ] || [ $device == iPad4,5 ]; then
irecovery -f dummy_file
sleep 1
irecovery -f iBSS.img4
sleep 1
irecovery -f iBEC.img4
sleep 2
if [ $device == iPad4,3 ]; then
tsschecker -d "$device" --boardconfig j73AP -i 10.3.3 -o -m manifests/BuildManifest_"$device"_1033_OTA.plist -e $ecid --apnonce $apnonce -s
else
tsschecker -d "$device" -i 10.3.3 -o -m manifests/BuildManifest_"$device"_1033_OTA.plist -e $ecid --apnonce $apnonce -s
fi
fi
if [ $device == iPhone6,1 ] || [ $device == iPhone6,2 ]; then
irecovery -f dummy_file
sleep 1
irecovery -f iBSS.img4
sleep 1
irecovery -f iBEC.img4
sleep 2
tsschecker -d "$device" -i 10.3.3 -o -m manifests/BuildManifest_"$device"_1033_OTA.plist -e $ecid --apnonce $apnonce -s
fi
mv -v *.shsh* shsh/apnonce.shsh2
echo "Done prepping files! Time to downgrade!!!"
echo "****RESTORING!****"
echo "Waiting for device to reconnect..."
sleep 5
if [ $device == iPhone6,1 ] || [ $device == iPhone6,2 ] || [ $device == iPad4,5 ] || [ $device == iPad4,2 ] || [ $device == iPad4,3 ]; then
futurerestore -t shsh/apnonce.shsh2 -s sep-firmware.*.RELEASE.im4p -m manifests/BuildManifest_"$device"_1033_OTA.plist -b Mav7Mav8-7.60.00.Release.bbfw -p manifests/BuildManifest_"$device"_1033_OTA.plist downgrade.ipsw
fi
if [ $device == iPad4,4 ] || [ $device == iPad4,1 ]; then
futurerestore -t shsh/apnonce.shsh2 -s sep-firmware.*.RELEASE.im4p -m manifests/BuildManifest_"$device"_1033_OTA.plist --no-baseband downgrade.ipsw
fi
echo "Cleaning up :D"
rm -rfv dummy_file iBSS* iBEC* *.bbfw *.im4p downgrade ipsw *.ipsw
echo "If you see this, we're done! Shoutout to the devs and Matty for making this possible! - Merculous"
echo "P.S. You know, this could look even better and be even easier if we port it to Python :D"
else
echo "Did not find checkm8 within lsusb. We are going to exit. Please enter pwned DFU and run again!"
exit
fi
fi
else
echo "Usage: $0 PathToIpsw (ipsw must be in this directory)"
echo "Example: $0 iPhone_4.0_64bit_10.3.3_14G60_Restore.ipsw"
fi
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Ask HN: Coming up with ideas? - jwdunne
I'd like to build a few small but useful apps to build experience and a portfolio outside of my workplace, an area shamefully neglected.<p>I'm stuck at the first hurdle and I haven't got a clue where to start or what to build first!<p>Do you have any tips for coming up with ideas?
======
mc_hammer
i usually just get the ideas while im working, from things that suck
need to write a regex for css parsing... why isnt there a regex generator yet
need to debug my javascript... why isnt there a repl?
writing windows 10 hello world, <button xmlspec123ABCUnstandard="{{
Microsoft.Windows.XAML.WinForms.Imaging.Image.NewBitmapFromFilestream(filestream)
}}" /> ... wow mixing xml with code sucks why doesnt someone make a good
template language
(edit: actually, why dont compilers have enough logic to at least try to
include the right library so I dont have to type shit like use Namespace
Windows.XAML.Winforms.Imaging 10 times for every file)
etc!
anyway
another good idea is to get your ideas from books, say a productivity book,
the guy recommends keeping a schedule? make a scheduling app with the features
you need, the author recommends using timers? make a timer app with the
features you need. this is actually what i did. heck why not even sell it on
iphone for a few bucks afterwords using phonegap.
------
ingenieros
[https://www.udacity.com/course/product-design--
ud509](https://www.udacity.com/course/product-design--ud509)
Start with Lesson 1: Ideation and validation to get those creative juices
flowing.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "HackerNews"
}
|
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is appointing Bob Rae as Canada's special envoy to Myanmar, two months into a growing crisis that has left 600,000 Rohingya Muslim people displaced.
The move comes in response to growing public pressure to act in the face of what Canada and the United Nations have labelled ethnic cleansing of a long persecuted minority in Myanmar. As of Sunday, it's estimated 603,000 Rohingya, mostly from the troubled Rakhine state, have fled to shelter in neighbouring Bangladesh.
The former Ontario premier is expected to seek permission to visit Rakhine state, where Rohingya have long lived under what Trudeau called "brutal oppression."
Rae will advise the prime minister directly on the matter. According to a source familiar with the new role, Rae can play a sharper, more political role within Myanmar without jeopardizing diplomatic relationships on the ground with a government that is prickly about foreign interference in its affairs.
'Promote accountability for alleged crimes'
Myanmar authorities have made it difficult for foreign officials and journalists to visit Rakhine state, recently barring a UN fact-finding mission and only allowing diplomats (including Canada's) a look on a controversial, military-organized visit under their watchful eye earlier this month.
Rae is also expected "to promote accountability for alleged crimes perpetrated against vulnerable populations, including the Rohingya Muslim community, other religious and ethnic minorities, and women and girls," according to a written statement on the appointment.
Thousands of Canadians have signed a petition calling on the government to strip Myanmar's state counsellor, Aung San Suu Kyi, of honourary Canadian citizenship she was given back in 2007.
Did the UN ignore warnings of ethnic cleansing of Rohingya in Myanmar? 7:44
Suu Kyi, also a Nobel laureate, has disappointed supporters around the world for failing to side clearly with the Rohingya in their plight.
The true power in Myanmar lies with the military, which retains control over key ministries such as home and border affairs.
Canada has called on both the civilian and military arms of the government to end the violence and allow humanitarian access to remaining Rohingya populations.
The longstanding tension in Rakhine state escalated on August 25, when Rohingya militants attacked security forces, killing several. The military responded with overwhelming force, and with the support of Buddhist nationalist mobs, have burned down villages and killed an untold number of Rohingya.
The UN's human rights office now says the military's actions preceded the August 25 attack, and were intended to drive Rohingya out for good.
Though they have lived in Myanmar for generations, Rohingya Muslims are considered foreigners by the authorities and are not entitled to citizenship. They are denied basic rights to freedom of movement and education.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Former prime minister Julia Gillard has been appointed as chair of a global education program that aims to get the world's poorest children into school.
The Global Partnership for Education is an international initiative made up of nearly 60 developing countries, donor governments, international organisations, the private sector and civil society groups.
As head of the partnership, Ms Gillard will be in charge of fundraising efforts to help educate more than 50 million children worldwide who are without education.
Ms Gillard, who served as education minister before becoming prime minister in 2010, says there is no higher priority than to help children who are still lacking in basic education.
"I am delighted to take on this new role with the Global Partnership for Education," Ms Gillard said in a statement.
"I believe that with 57 million of the world's children still lacking access to a basic education and 250 million children unable to read, write or master simple math, there can be no higher priority."
Ms Gillard also expressed concern for the lack of global funds for education.
"I am also alarmed about the recent sharp decline in donor support to education that threatens the progress achieved over the past decade, particularly for girls' education," she said.
"The global community must respond generously to the upcoming call for a renewal of multilateral, bilateral and national financing for basic education."
The chief executive of Global Partnerships is former JPMorgan senior banker Alice Albright, the daughter of Madeleine Albright who served as US secretary of state in Bill Clinton's administration.
Ms Albright described the former prime minister "as one of the world's most articulate and effective advocates for improving access and quality of education for children in the poorest countries".
"As chairwoman, Ms Gillard would lead a board of directors representing 18 different constituencies from developing country governments, donors, civil society organisations, private sector and foundations, and multilateral agencies and regional banks," Ms Albright said.
The latest financial report of the fund shows it holds cash of more than $1 billion, most of which has been committed for grants for education in developing countries.
The organisation states on its website: "In the last 10 years, we have grown from seven to close to 60 partner countries, mobilised more than $3.6 billion to improve access and quality to education."
"[We] helped nearly 22 million children go to school for the first time, supported the construction of over 52,000 classrooms, and trained over 300,000 teachers."
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Michel Daerden
Michel Daerden (16 November 1949 – 5 August 2012) was a francophone Belgian politician, a member of the Parti Socialiste, and a Finance auditor.
Daerden was born in Baudour, Belgium. With a reputation as a 'bon vivant', his undenied penchant for a drink (especially Pomerol) led him to be nicknamed "the Gainsbourg of Belgian Politics" both by himself in a famous TV interview and by Belgium's much respected weekly news magazine Le Vif/L'Express.
Biography
Political career
Michel Daerden was elected to the Belgian Chamber of Representatives in 1987. In 1991 he was elected to the Belgian Senate.
Daerden served in the Federal government as Federal Minister for Science Policy and Infrastructures (1994-1995) and Federal Minister of Transport (1995-1999). After the elections of 1999 Daerden was elected to the Walloon Parliament and became Minister for Employment, Training and Housing in the Walloon Government. Daerden then became Vice-President of the Walloon Government in April 2000 and was in charge of Finance, Budget, Housing, Infrastructure and Public Works (April 2000 to June 2004), he concurrently served as minister of the budget for the French Community (June 2003 to June 2004). After the Regional elections of June 2004 he became Vice-President of the Walloon Government in charge of Budget, Finance and Equipment(2004-2009) and co-currently Vice-President of the Government of the French Community in charge of Budget and Finance (2004-2009). In 2009 Daerden transferred to the federal government where he served as Minister for Pensions and Large Cities (2009-2011).
Daerden also served as mayor of Ans, on the outskirts of Liège from 1993 to 2011. In March 2011 a majority of the town council, including members of his own party, voted to depose Daerden as mayor. The Liège division of the PS later supported this resolution and forced Daerden to relinquish his office.
Personal life
Michel Daerden had two daughters: Aurore Daerden is a DJ and stylist; Elena Daerden is a student. His son, Frédéric Daerden, is the mayor of Herstal and an MEP.
On 26 July 2012, while on holiday in France, Daerden suffered a heart attack which put him in a coma. He died, aged 62, on 5 August in Fréjus.
Miscellaneous
Expressing a certain sense of spectacle in his political activities, Daerden said he wanted to be a singer.
On 6 December 2006, Daerden laid the first stone of the renovated Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps.
Star on Youtube
Michel Daerden was the subject of special attention after the Belgian municipal elections of 2006. Excerpts of his post-election interview on RTBF and on local television RTC-TV Liège, where he appears intoxicated, were circulated widely on YouTube. A week later, Daerden was asked on the TV show Mise au Point whether he had had too much to drink at that time. His humorous response was "Pas plus que d'habitude" ("No more than usual").
Cyborgjeff created a dance-video called Daerden machine, putting together several clips, including Daerden's quote about himself tout le monde aime papa ("everyone loves 'Daddy'", referring to himself).
Diplomas
Master's degree in trade and finance, Hautes Études Commerciales de Liège, 1971, with distinction.
Aggregation of secondary education for commercial sciences, HEC Management School – University of Liege, 1973, with great distinction.
Science Degree in Applied Economics (orientation: business administration, option business administration), University of Mons, 1975.
Master's degree as Auditor, University of Mons-Hainaut, 1977, with great distinction.
References
Category:Parti Socialiste (Belgium) politicians
Category:1949 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:21st-century Belgian politicians
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
The present invention relates to a method of refreshing a dynamic RAM (Random Access Memory) used by any personal computer, more particularly to a new method of refreshing a dynamic RAM so that the desired refreshing of a dynamic RAM can be executed by means of relatively simple circuitry, and therefore any of the high-speed devices using the real-time means such as a floppy disc driver unit can easily be accessed.
The semi-conductor manufacturing technology has achieved an overall development in recent years. This modern technology has successfully brought a variety of ICs into the field of the computer memory means. The problem of trading cost economy for further improvement of memory density potentials has been solved by now, and as a result, a large quantity of low-cost ICs, having greater capacities, have been delivered to the industrial markets, including ROM, static RAM, dynamic RAM, and others. Of these, compared to the static RAM, the dynamic RAM must be periodically subject to a refreshing process in order to properly store a variety of data in memory. Usually, such a periodic refreshing process must be executed at intervals of every 2 microseconds. In terms of the operational speed, such a dynamic RAM is rather disadvantageous when compared to other memories having identical access time such as the static RAM. This is because a short period of delay must be taken into account covering a period from the entry of the address up to the data output. Conversely, the dynamic RAM can be advantageously used in a system such as one incorporating a high-density memory, for example, that incorporates a minimum of 16K byte memory. Any dynamic RAM stores its bit data in the bit-cell capacitor as charge. A typical construction of the dynamic RAM is shown in FIG. 1 of the attached drawings. During the write mode, any desired data is fed to the input of the dynamic RAM so that switch S1 is closed. Capacitor C is either charged or discharged according to the status of the input data. During the read mode, switch S2 is closed so that the voltage in capacitor C is compared to the reference voltage Vref of comparator CP, and then according to the difference of the voltages compared, either "1" or "0" of the binary code is transmitted to the output of the dynamic RAM. When the dynamic RAM remains in the data-hold mode, all the switches S1, S2, and S3 remain open so that the data can remain in capacitor C. Nevertheless, since the MOS capacitor is characteristically subject to leakage resistance R, the capacitor charge will be gradually discharged. To compensate for this, a process called "refreshing" must be applied to any dynamic RAM being used. To achieve this, the dynamic RAM controller must be subjected to the "refreshing" process at intervals of every 2 microseconds so that the data stored in the bit-cell can properly be held unaffected.
Conventionally, in regard to the refreshing process applied to the dynamic RAM, a variety of means are made available, for example, "burst mode refreshing process" capable of refreshing all lines within a specific period of time, for example: within 2 microseconds, and the other one called "cycle steal refreshing process" (or called "single cycle refreshing process") capable of sequentially refreshing every line at specific intervals. Of these, the "burst mode refreshing process" can be executed by means of a relatively simple circuitry. However, since this process requires entire operation of the CPU (central processing unit) to periodically halt for a relatively long period, for example, at least for a period of 50-60 microseconds for each cycle, and as a result, using this process, any real-time high-speed devices such as a floppy disc driver system cannot be accessed. Conversely, since the "cycle steal refreshing process" uses the surplus time of the CPU bus cycle, this process is advantageous because it does not cause the CPU to actually decrease the speed needed to execute any operation. On the other hand, this second process still has a difficult problem in that a considerably high speed is needed to properly operate the circuits, and the operation timing cannot easily be controlled. Of these two refreshing processes, in reference to the attached drawings, some of the existing problems related to the "burst mode refreshing process" are described below.
A simplified block diagram shown in FIG. 2 and its flowchart shown in FIG. 3 respectively denote a significant disadvantage of the conventional "burst mode refreshing process". The data contents of a dynamic RAM (DRAM) loaded in the CPU, of a microprocessor are continuously transmitted to the floppy disc controller (FDC). If the time at which the data contents were loaded from the DRAM to the CPU exactly coincides with the period when the DRAM is being refreshed by the "burst mode refreshing process", the CPU will be obliged to remain in a stand-by mode for a long time, and as a result, the contents of the dynamic RAM loaded into the CPU cannot be written into the floppy disc controller (FDC) within a pre determined period. In FIGS. 2 and 3, symbol DRAM represents a dynamic RAM, symbol FDC represents a floppy disc controller, symbol FDD represents a floppy disc device, and symbol CPU represents the central processing unit. Symbol DRQ is a data request signal output from the FDC to the CPU, while symbols RD and WT respectively represent the read and write signals output from the CPU to the FDC.
In reference to the flowchart of the CPU operation shown in FIG. 3, operations of the circuit shown in the block diagram are described below. During step S1, if the floppy disc controller (FDC) outputs a data request signal (DRQ=High) to the CPU, the mode then proceeds to step S2 where the contents of the address designated dynamic RAM (DRAM) are loaded into the CPU. After being temporarily stored in the CPU, said contents are then sent to the floppy disc controller (FDC) during the next step S3. This operation is continuously executed until all the contents of the dynamic RAM (DRAM) loaded in the CPU are completely transmitted to the floppy disc controller (FDC) during the next step S4. In this case, such a floppy disc controller can consist of a microprocessor. If any of the single side floppy discs is used as the floppy disc controller (FDC), all the data contained in the dynamic RAM (DRAM) must be fed to the floppy disc controller within 32 microseconds from the time the data request signal (DRQ) is received. This corresponds to the processing period covering steps S1 through S3 shown in the block diagram of FIG. 2. These processes are actually executed within about 30 microseconds. Using a programmed system like this, when transmitting the data contents of the dynamic RAM (DRAM) temporarily stored in the CPU to the floppy disc controller (FDC), a when such contents output from the dynamic RAM are being fed to the CPU, if this timing coincides with the period of the "burst mode refreshing process", the CPU will be obliged to stand by for a long time, and as a result, the necessary data stored in the CPU cannot be written into the floppy disc controller within the predetermined period of time. To prevent this, if the refreshing process is stopped, the period between refreshes of the RAM which should normally last 2 microseconds will run out, and as a result, the data contents remaining in the dynamic RAM will eventually be destroyed.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Evolving Lacing Patterns for Bicycle Wheels - alexggordon
http://master.matsemann.com/
======
matsemann
Wow, cool to see my thesis here! I posted a picture of it [1] to r/bicycling
yesterday titled _I managed to make my thesis in computer science be about
bicycles!_ , and it got some traction. I answered some questions in the
discussion, if anyone is interested.
[1]: [https://redd.it/3p8hua](https://redd.it/3p8hua)
~~~
radarsat1
Can I ask a question, please don't take it the wrong way, as I find
optimisation a very interesting topic, and in fact it was also the subject of
my thesis. However: How is this a computer science thesis, and not a
mechanical engineering thesis? I'm just curious how you managed to pass a
wheel-design topic through a CompSci program. Did you have a co-supervisor in
engineering? Or does your school have a combined CS/engineering program?
~~~
maaaats
It's really a thesis about EMO-algorithms and how to use them to optimize
real-life problems. The wheels just happen to be the chosen _application_ of
the optimization, if you get what I mean?
~~~
radarsat1
Ah ok, I was wondering if that was the case. Wasn't really clear from the way
you presented it. Can you summarize your results regarding the algorithms?
What worked best, what didn't?
------
marktangotango
Building bicycle wheels is incredibly satisfying, I built a set a friend used
to win the local state cyclocross championship one year. There's a lot of
technique in tightening the spokes, when I see the 'bad ride' simulation of
the wheel in the video, it occurs to me you get the same types of visible
behavoir if the spokes aren't tightened correctly. I wonder how spoke tension
is modelled here?
~~~
wiredfool
My guess is that it's not.
From earlier discussion on this article, the wheel was modeled as an
infinitely stiff rim, rather than the more mechanically accurate beam on an
elastic foundation. For a first level linear elastic approximation, the spoke
tension doesn't matter. The spoke tension is really going to only be an issue
once you get into the non-linear effects associated with rim stability, which
is strongly dependent on the rim stiffness.
------
niels_olson
Neat idea. Did the author read Jobst Brandt's book, "The Art of the Bicycle
Wheel"?
Symmetry obviously makes the ride smoother. The real issue is dish and the
incredible strain difference between. The drive side and the non-drive side:
did the author simulate modern rear wheels?
------
mmmBacon
This is interesting for sure in identifying novel spoke patterns that _might_
result in a stronger/lighter wheel. Since the simulator identifies lots of
possibilities it would be useful to have some kind of figure of merit to help
with down-selection. It also seems like things like being out-of-dish or out
of true are things that could be used to eliminate possibilities without user
intervention.
Lastly I wonder if you constrain this enough whether it would spit out
"standard" spoke patterns that are used commonly. I'd like to think that spoke
patterns that we use now are close to optimal due to a kind of evolution based
on lots of trial and error. But maybe that's not the case.
~~~
swimfar
Not exactly what you're asking about. But I talked to a guy who worked on a
project using genetic algorithms to optimize motorcycle wheel designs. He said
one of the best designs that came out looked pretty much like a traditionally
spoked wheel, just a bit more organic in shape.
------
strictnein
I assume it wouldn't function well, but I've always wondered about a wheel
were some of the spokes do not go to the hub, but are instead connected
directly to another spot on the rim.
------
sevensor
I was in a research group with Dave Hadka, who wrote MOEAFramework. I'll have
to tell him about this! Nice work!
~~~
maaaats
I really liked the framework. Powerful out of the box, and not that hard to
modify/add what I needed. Hadka was also very helpful on answering mails with
questions about the framework.
------
sliken
Any comment on how much the new boost 148 standard for mountain bikes helps
with stiffness and/or strength?
------
bro-stick
Neat. Can't wait for the follow-up paper which ranks lacing patterns by
simulated load profile.
------
davidw
Did any of these get built?
~~~
michaelbuddy
Basically until a simulated of a wheel is actually built, I'd dismiss all
this.
~~~
alexggordon
I'd disagree strongly. I think the point of the paper was the evolutionary
algorithms. Whether or not the wheels could adequately replace a modern
bicycle wheel is kind of a side note. The work was entirely about creating a
program that would produce better and better results over time, while
balancing multiple objectives to meet. As you can see in the videos, (and he
even admits in the paper) most of the wheels would not work very well if they
were produced.
That said, I think if you're going to be completely dismissive of a thesis
that I'm sure represents thousands of hours of work, I might put a sentence or
two explaining why you think the algorithm isn't the important part of this.
~~~
wiredfool
I agree. It's really cool that he managed to find the standard 3-cross based
on a pretty rough model and an optimization step.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "HackerNews"
}
|
Q:
Unable to parse JSON that contains upper case key in Groovy
I'm attempting to parse JSON from a REST API and am unable to access the data when the key to that data is in uppercase format.
{
"body": {
"devices": [{
"_id": "xxxxxxxxxx",
"cipher_id": "xxxxxxxx",
"last_status_store": 1502808369,
"modules": [{
"_id": "xxxxxxx",
"type": "xxxxxxx",
"last_message": 1502808365,
"last_seen": 1502808359,
"dashboard_data": {
"time_utc": 1502808359,
"Temperature": 18.9,
"temp_trend": "down",
"Humidity": 27,
"date_max_temp": 1502804720,
"date_min_temp": 1502808359,
"min_temp": 18.9,
"max_temp": 22.2
},
"data_type": [
"Temperature",
"Humidity"
],
"last_setup": 1502731328,
"battery_vp": 6354,
"battery_percent": 100,
"rf_status": 67,
"firmware": 44
}],
"place": {
"altitude": 63.395306309052,
"city": "xxxxxx",
"country": "US",
"timezone": "America/New_York",
"location": [-72.532673,
42.0425917
]
},
"station_name": "xxxxxxxxxxx",
"type": "NAMain",
"dashboard_data": {
"AbsolutePressure": 1004.6,
"time_utc": 1502808354,
"Noise": 50,
"Temperature": 22.7,
"temp_trend": "up",
"Humidity": 69,
"Pressure": 1012.1,
"pressure_trend": "stable",
"CO2": 0,
"date_max_temp": 1502808290,
"date_min_temp": 1502801263,
"min_temp": 21.3,
"max_temp": 22.7
},
"data_type": [
"Temperature",
"CO2",
"Humidity",
"Noise",
"Pressure"
],
"co2_calibrating": false,
"date_setup": 1502731277,
"last_setup": 1502731277,
"module_name": "Indoor",
"firmware": 132,
"last_upgrade": 1502731279,
"wifi_status": 51
}]
},
"status": "ok",
"time_exec": 0.019752025604248,
"time_server": 1502808443
}
I am trying to access the JSON using a Groovy Json slurper and executing the following command. The response comes back fine in my debugger.Reponse.content is value of the HTTPrequest that i sent to the server.
def stationInfo = jsonSlurper.parseText(response.content as String)
def outsideTemp = stationInfo.body.devices.modules.dashboard_data.Temperture
def outsideHumidty = stationInfo.body.devices.modules.dashboard_data.Humidty
def insideTemp = stationInfo.body.devices.dashboard_data.Temperture
outsideTemp,outsideHumidty, and insideTemp are all eqaull to "[null]" when i view them in my debugger. Any ideas on why this is happening, and how to fix it? Is the compiler assuming something because these are uppercase?
A:
Looks are you almost there.
Note that, the json you have attached does not seem to be valid, fixed to be able to work.
def pJson = new groovy.json.JsonSlurper().parseText(response.content as String)
println pJson.body.devices.modules.dashboard_data.Temperature.flatten()
println pJson.body.devices.dashboard_data.Temperature.flatten()
Similar to Temparature, you can get it work for Humidity as well.
You can see the same in the demo
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
hawaii trip 1
Why can’t we have beaches like this in Seattle?
Rain has ceased and the sun’s out. A little cloudy but no complaints since it shields us from the sun. Maybe because it’s not yet the holidays or school break or there’s something we don’t know about, but we’ve been pleasantly surprised with the small crowds in Waikiki. The beaches and pools seem very empty which is great for us.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Translation of mRNA into protein is thought of as occuring in three stages: initiation, elongaton, and termination. During initiation, the mRNA to be translated and the initiator tRNA are aligned on the 70S ribosome so that peptide synthesis can begin. Three protein factors (IF1, IF2, and IF3), a molecule of GTP, mRNA and fmet-tRNA are required for initiation. In this research, complexes that correspond to intermediates in the initiation pathway will be formed in vitro and probed with hydroxyl radicals generated by both free Fe(II)-EDTA and Fe(II)-EDTA tethered to unique sites on the initiation factors. The sites of protection from hydroxyl radicals and specific cleavages of the rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA will be identified by primer extension. Together, the results of these probing experiments should provide (1) a comprehensive mapping of the RNA environment of each of these factors, (2) sufficient protein-RNA interaction constraints to orient each of the factors with respect to the other components of the initiation complexes to be studied, and (3) insight into the mechanism by which the initiation factors prepare the ribosome to begin protein synthesis.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
}
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
~ Copyright (c) 2005-2010, WSO2 Inc. (http://wso2.com) All Rights Reserved.
~
~ WSO2 Inc. licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
~ Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
~ in compliance with the License.
~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
~
~ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
~
~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
~ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
~ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
~ KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
~ specific language governing permissions and limitations
~ under the License.
~
-->
<!-- Use of both concurrency throttling and request rate based throttling -->
<definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse">
<registry provider="org.apache.synapse.registry.url.SimpleURLRegistry">
<!-- the root property of the simple URL registry helps resolve a resource URL as root + key -->
<parameter name="root">file:repository/</parameter>
<!-- all resources loaded from the URL registry would be cached for this number of milli seconds -->
<parameter name="cachableDuration">150000</parameter>
</registry>
<sequence name="onAcceptSequence">
<log level="custom">
<property name="text" value="**Access Accept**"/>
</log>
<send>
<endpoint>
<address uri="http://localhost:9000/services/LBService1"/>
</endpoint>
</send>
</sequence>
<sequence name="onRejectSequence" trace="enable">
<log level="custom">
<property name="text" value="**Access Denied**"/>
</log>
<makefault response="true">
<code xmlns:tns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" value="tns:Server"/>
<reason value="**Access Denied**"/>
</makefault>
<send/>
<drop/>
</sequence>
<proxy name="StockQuoteProxy">
<target>
<inSequence>
<throttle onReject="onRejectSequence" onAccept="onAcceptSequence" id="A">
<policy key="samples/resources/policy/throttle_policy.xml"/>
</throttle>
</inSequence>
<outSequence>
<throttle id="A"/>
<send/>
</outSequence>
</target>
</proxy>
</definitions>
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Q:
SyntaxError using gdata-python-client to access Google Book Search Data API
>>> import gdata.books.service
>>> service = gdata.books.service.BookService()
>>> results = service.search_by_keyword(isbn='0434003484')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#4>", line 1, in <module>
results = service.search_by_keyword(isbn='0434003484')
... snip ...
File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\atom\__init__.py", line 127, in CreateClassFromXMLString
tree = ElementTree.fromstring(xml_string)
File "<string>", line 85, in XML
SyntaxError: syntax error: line 1, column 0
This is a minimal example -- in particular, the book service unit tests included in the package also fail with the exact same error. I've looked at the wiki and open issue tickets on Google Code to no avail (and this seems to me more apt to be a silly error on my end rather than a problem with the library). I'm not sure how to interpret the error message. If it matters, I'm using python 2.6.5 and the latest version of gdata, namely 2.0.10.
A:
I found I needed to disable SSL in the gdata client for it to work:
...
gd_client.ProgrammaticLogin()
gd_client.ssl = False
...
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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I suggest to use same IDE for coding HTML like PHPStorm, Dreamwaver ...
03-21-2014, 04:30 AM
labs
I know a very good open source software that allows you to easily create web's site. On their website http://www.silexlabs.org found full of tutorial which to build his site step by step. This software is very well designed and easy to use. To use silex : http://www.silex.me
04-23-2014, 08:27 AM
kiwistech
You can go to get free service on forums too but we mostly develop websites on wordpress so i would suggest you will develop your website in wordpress too, also if you want to learn basic html w3schools.com is just best.
There are many sites available on Internet these days from where you can take help and make effective website.
05-16-2014, 07:00 AM
NatiB
If you really don't want to study long and order your site to be made by pro's - you can try to do it on Joomla. Though, I know there are a lot of people who'll say it's not the best platform (I know that!), but it's really easy to work with it and the functional won't suffer.
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to cellulose esters and/or ionic liquids. One aspect of the invention concerns processes for producing cellulose esters in ionic liquids.
2. Description of the Related Art
Cellulose is a β-1,4-linked polymer of anhydroglucose. Cellulose is typically a high molecular weight, polydisperse polymer that is insoluble in water and virtually all common organic solvents. The use of unmodified cellulose from wood or cotton products, such as in the housing or fabric industries, is well known. Unmodified cellulose is also utilized in a variety of other applications usually as a film (e.g., cellophane), as a fiber (e.g., viscose rayon), or as a powder (e.g., microcrystalline cellulose) used in pharmaceutical applications. Modified cellulose, including cellulose esters, are also utilized in a wide variety of commercial applications. Cellulose esters can generally be prepared by first converting cellulose to a cellulose triester, then hydrolyzing the cellulose triester in an acidic aqueous media to the desired degree of substitution (“DS”), which is the average number of ester substituents per anhydroglucose monomer. Hydrolysis of cellulose triesters containing a single type of acyl substituent under these conditions can yield a random copolymer that can comprise up to 8 different monomers depending upon the final DS.
Ionic liquids (“ILs”) are liquids containing substantially only anions and cations. Room temperature ionic liquids (“RTILs”) are ionic liquids that are in liquid form at standard temperature and pressure. The cations associated with ILs are structurally diverse, but generally contain one or more nitrogens that are part of a ring structure and can be converted to a quaternary ammonium. Examples of these cations include pyridinum, pyridazinium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, imidazolium, pyrazolium, oxazolium, triazolium, thiazolium, piperidinium, pyrrolidinium, quinolinium, and isoquinolinium. The anions associated with ILs can also be structurally diverse and can have a significant impact on the solubility of the ILs in different media. For example, ILs containing hydrophobic anions such as hexafluorophosphates or triflimides have very low solubilities in water, while ILs containing hydrophilic anions such chloride or acetate are completely miscible in water.
The names of ionic liquids can generally be abbreviated according to the following convention. Alkyl cations are often named by the first letters of the alkyl substituents and the cation, which are given within a set of brackets, followed by an abbreviation for the anion. Although not expressively written, it should be understood that the cation has a positive charge and the anion has a negative charge. For example, [BMlm]OAc indicates 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [AMlm]Cl indicates 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, and [EMlm]OF indicates 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium formate.
Ionic liquids can be costly; thus, use of ionic liquids as solvents in many processes may not be feasible. Despite this, methods and apparatus for reforming and/or recycling ionic liquids have heretofore been insufficient. Furthermore, many processes for producing ionic liquids involve the use of halide and/or sulfur intermediates, or the use of metal oxide catalysts. Such processes can produce ionic liquids having high levels of residual metals, sulfur, and/or halides.
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German Rye Bread
German Rye Bread
Hi, I am starting up this thread because I don't want to hijack or in anyway take Cookie's thread off on a tangent that she may not wish.
The bread is am talking about is found at this site and is the Klosterbrot. sphealey has suggested reading RLB's the bread bible and Jeff Hammelman's bread. I have read both and am curious as to whether or not the ....detmold....method is necessary for baking this type of bread. The description of detmold is quite intimidating for me since I am a new comer to bread and I am wonder just how necessary it is for this bread. Can someone say?
Klosterbrot
A medium-textured, firm European sourdough. This bread is a favorite. No seeds & lots of old world flavor.
Have you found a recipe for this bread? I search for Klosterbrot and didn't get any hits other than sites selling the dimpfbreadex products. Mini-Oven posted an interesting recipe also that looks like it might be a nice rye. I do have a friend who might be able to help with this. I'll check and see if he knows what I'm referring to.
To get a start at a recipe, I'd look at the ingredient list on the label. By law, all ingredients must be listed in order of quantity used from most to least.
If the bread is a German rye bread, then it will have only rye flour in it. To be called a rye bread in Germany, it has to be 100% rye. If it has less, it is a "mischbrot" or a mixed bread. A "roggen misch brot" is a mixed bread with mostly rye flour. A "Weizenmischbrot" is mostly wheat.
The production realities are that rye flour has little gluten in it, and it is of very low quality. If your rye bread has a small quantity of rye flour, you can treat it pretty much the way you would any white bread. As the amount of rye flour goes up, life gets trickier.
While rye doesn't have much in the way of gluten, it does have a starch called a pentosan that can be gelatinized in an acidic environment. And pentosans can trap carbon dioxide. So, rye breads with lots of rye flour are traditionally made by acidifying much of the rye flour by the use of a sourdough culture. German bakers since the mid 1800's have used sourdough to acidify the rye flour and yeast to raise the bread. There is no reason you can't use an all sourdough process.
Since rye flour has little gluten, you can't develop a high rye bread by stretch and fold. It has to be mixed. You also need to not overmix it or the pentosans break down. Feel the dough. You want to feel resistance to your fingers as you rub the dough. (It's a feel thing that is easy to teach in person and all but impossible to communicate on line.)
The last gotcha is that rye pentsans are leaky. With a wheat bread you can let it sit waiting for the oven for as much as an hour without losing too much quality. This is called tolerance. Rye has no tolerance. Once it's risen, get it in the oven. RIGHT AWAY!
I especially like the touchy feely part. Another Q about flour: The dark stuff that's filtered out of milled rye, is that what is referred to as "schrot" in German? The packaged liquid starter I purchased from the local supermarket contained rye schrot among other things. I have not been able to purchase just schrot.
I was reading your "Camp" blog about rye, Hamelman and all. Great Blog! I've recycled bread too! I like a 50/50 mix of rye and wheat myself. --Mini Oven
for the answer. Yes, I come up with the same results that you do when I search for Klosterbrot in Google. That is possibly just a company name for it. The recipe that Mini Oven posted appears to be an excellent recipe but for something else. The recipe that I am looking for is definitely sourdough rye but has no seeds in it. I definitely do not want to be a bother to you on this so please do not go out of your way, but for me this bread is the holy grail that I have pretty much resigned myself to never being able to make. But I do continue to dream about it....I did find the following on Klosterbrot for what it is worth:
OK, you guys have me interested now. I live near Milwaukee WI which is a city founded by German immigrants and littered with old German restaurants. We have a German Festival every year that draws huge crowds and all the most popular restaurants set up food booths. My butcher who is German knows everybody who is anybody in the community. If this bread is as popular as it appears to be in Canada and Germany, I'll figure it out. Be patient but have faith. It can't be buried to far.
there are a lot of recipes for rye bread out there and that they all make very good bread. However, what you have to do is actually taste this bread first. If you are near Milwaukee with a German population, then maybe there is a Karl Ehmer meat store where they will actually slice off as little or much as you want. Then after you taste it ask around for a recipe. My father in law is from Germany and loves baking but does not know this bread. However he goes to a local German meat store in Queens, NY that is German and sells great Lithuanian rye bread that you can't get elsewhere, either. But that is another story.
Eating this Klosterbrot bread for the first time is what it is like for the blind to wake up and see or for those who are color blind to see color. It is: very subtle in taste, quiet, cool, creamy, with a soft chewy crust and no seeds but tastes of rye and sourdough.
Your description -- "very subtle in taste, quiet, cool, creamy, with a soft chewy crust and no seeds but tastes of rye and sourdough" -- sounds a lot like what I'm looking for. I'm ordering some Klosterbrot today, along with a couple other varieties they list that look like they're in the ballpark. Hoping that tasting it will guide me in which recipes to try.
Thanks! (And isn't it fun to see how many other people are on mighty quests for Great Ryes From Cherished Memories.)
Please note, however, that the Klosterbrot from the Karl Ehmer stores is different from the Lithuanian bread. My sense is that they are two very different breads or recipes.
Eric did a nice job on the baking and photos that he has put up for the Klosterbrot. I just had some Klosterbrot again recently and the crumb is nice and light and the crust nice and chewy. In the recipe they give for this Klosterbrot they list Dry Whey, which is an item that is not really ever discussed on this forum.
I've been experimenting with Lithuanian ryes as well. Compared with a german rye they are sweeter (like apple juice) with a fine flour and a wonderful smooth shiny crust. I think "sweet and sour" is the best description of the unique flavor I can offer.
Frankly, I know how to get the sour part (standard rye techniques) but I've not been able to replicate the authentic sweet flavor yet. I plan on experimenting with apple cider or grated apples and sugar left out to ferment for a week.
I think that one can easily experiment to get the product you desire. From what I can gather, here are the essentials of Bavarian Ryes (latte colored crumb with coco colored crust)
50% rye flour, 50% white (not even high gluten necessary)
60% final hydration rate
Natural starter (white or rye both OK). Incorporate starter ingredients into final percentages. Build starter slowly to encourage acid. Maybe 1/3 of final weight is built up starter. I'd do 1/9th becoming 1/3 becoming the final dough.
The usual 1 tsp salt per pound of dough put in during the initial kneed with a wee bit of water.
Most recipes seem to have a wee bit of sweetener (brown or white sugar) maybe a Tbsp per pound but I'd start with just one Tbsp for a two-three pound loaf. This resonates with a slight sweetness I have sensed in most bavarian ryes.
Slow rises at cool temps.
BIG loaves ... as big as your form and oven will permit.
From here you can play with stuff. Bavarian Rye does not have caraway but may have a tad of other spices ... purists will omit spices. You can add some softened rye berries. You can alter the percentages of rye vs white and you can make the white higher gluten.
You listed for German rye sounds nice but I have a few questions as to execution:
How do I execute the concept of "Slow rises at cool temps" in the summer time? Do I just use ice water all the time? As you can see on the forum I am asking about that on another thread in the Water Temp conversation.
Also, I notice in the ingredients of the Klosterbrot package from the store that there was mention of malt. Have you used it? I have tried it and it did not taste right when I gave it a go.
If my old memory serves me correctly, we used to get a commercial version( and I dont remember the brand) of a Bavarian Rye in the commissary at the air base in Oklahoma City. It was not too shabby for a commercial.
If anyone works out this recipe, I would be eternally grateful. I would think I had died and gone to Heaven!
OCC, I ran that German web page through Google translator, and the results are absoloutely adorable. (and usable too). It sounds a little like a German grandmother of the "What time watch?" school.
A sample:
"Water with salt and the honey into the kneading dish give. The Dinkelmehl on it give and the yeast over it zerbröseln. The paste with the Küchenmaschine knead, until it separates from the dish. If the paste is water in addition too firmly, still gives, it is too breiig, then some more flour adds."
You are basically looking for a 'Roggenbrot' or 'Schwarzbrot' (which translates to 'Blackbread'). Klosterbrot is nothing else then a wholemeal-rye bread ('Roggen-Vollkornbrot') ... it's kind of a trade name that best know Lieken-Urkorn, one of the more popular bread giants in Germany (see Lieken-Urkorn ).
'Schwarzbrot' is made from equal parts of Wholemeal of wheat and rye, AP flour plus buttermilk, salt and leaven and quite a bit pure sugar cane syrup (equal to one part of the flours!). You'd be shooting for a 60% Hydration. The loaf is gently baked at a very low temperature, about 300F for about three hours (The crust of the loaf may have to be covered after about 1 1/2 hours with Aluminum foil or LaCloche)
So how do you know if there are no seeds in it? When you balance the proportions just right, it's hard to tell the flavor exactly but you know when it's missing. I would at least try them, too little is the same as a weak coffee, yuck. I would make the mix 1/2 coriander 1/4 Fennel and 1/4 to 1/3 caraway. Fine grind in coffee mill. "No guts, no glory!" Don't tell me you're scared of a few little seeds? Did you know rye is also a seed? and so is wheat... What then is a bread without seeds? Ha! Water and yeasty beasties! :) -- Mini Oven
I meant "whole" seeds. I was NOT into baking when I was stationed in Germany. I just knew what I liked and that was all German breads. And wurst (ausser blutwurst) and kraut and Sackertort und bier und pommesfrites mit mustard.
for settling the stomach. Fennel tea is good for settling baby's colic too. Don't mind it at all. Pommes with mustard huh.... that's new to me... Upper Austria and Bayern (Bavaria) share many common foods. I picked up some blood sausage two weeks ago from my neighbor. She makes very good sausage. I cut it open before my son's eyes... I explained to him it was already cooked and how to eat it. He tried it just a few thin cold slices and I put it away. The next day it was gone, poof, a midnight snack. I'll have to get some more, it's best fresh.
Had guests over last night and she caught me quick sniffing my sourdough. I was then lightened of half my starter. She'd been SDing it for years and I had never known! :) -- Mini Oven
I was married to a German lady for 43 years. When we first got married, they had blutwurst and I sneaked a piece to my father-in-law's German Shepard. He turned up his nose. I figured that if the dog wouldn't eat it, I sure wasn't going to, either!.
I do eat Hirnwurst (brain wurst - which has no brain in it), and most of the other sausages. For the uninitiated, blutwurst (blood sausage) is pork blood with specks of fat put into a hog's stomach ( maw) and then smoked. And I would almost kill for a good authentic bratwurst or rindswurst.
I learned to eat pommes frites (french fries) with mustard when I was stationed in Paris, France. Do we need to start another thread on french bread, fries, biere and wine??? lol
I have a batch of the formula you posted going now and I powdered the spices as you mentioned above. Also, I made a few calls and found a source for the bread Klosterbrot as mentioned at the head. So I should be able to refine my efforts for Countryboy. Believe it or not it's a 20 minute drive from my home and they have a variety of sizes. CB seems so interested I thought it would be worth a little research.
My starter loves to do its work in the fridge overnight. So ... I'd do the original mix of the dough and kneading, then let it work for an hour and then retard it overnight in the fridge. Then, the next AM, I would shape it cold and let it proof in its form while it warmed up and increased in volume about 75%... maybe 2 hours. I'd bake it at 450F for 10 minutes then down to 400 for the rest of the time 40-60 minutes depending on the size of the loaf. Slash the top diagonally and steam for the first few minutes.
I am going ot try it this weekend so I'll let you all know how it turns out.
We grew up eating at a deli in Houston named Alfred's Delicatessen. It was owned and run by a German Jew immigrant. They made a seedless "light rye" bread that we ordered by calling it I'd like a "such and such sandwich" on "Jewish Rye" and it would come out on this bread.
Here is a link to a recipe that sounds like what I remember and what you are describing. The addition of caraway seeds is optional in the recipe. See what you think. Good luck! I love this bread!
The Jewish rye I have eaten here is a bit paler than I remember the bread in Germany. I have a cornmeal Jewish Rye that I bake which is really good. It is a very heavy bread and I love it with butter and Swiss cheese.
I went to that site you mentioned and it looks a lot like the recipe I use. I grind the seeds for the dough and I also sprinkle whole seeds on the dough. I love caraway, so it is NOT optional when I bake it.
I forgot to comment about malt. You can use powdered malt or malt extract. The extract is a bit like corn syrup only it would be barley malt syrup. That may be the original source of a bit of sweet. In either case, natural yeasts are stimulated by a bit of malt. I'd put a Tbsp in a 2-3 pound loaf. The malt itself hardly affects the taste.
Just a quick note to back up Mike's comment: german breads don't darken with molasses or coffee, but through a natural "maillard reaction". This is just a fancy term for a type of carmelization that happens when you bake sourdough ryes at a low heat for long periods of time. (Bread equivalent of bbq?) The lower the heat and longer the time the "browner" the bread. Pumpernickel, one of the darkest, is baked the longest of all, I believe. It produces that wonderful "sweet-sour" flavor essential to many german breads.
A good "basic" bread to practice with is Maggie Glezer's Volkornbrot in her Artisan Baking. It's a "medium dark" german rye bread.
Not to criticize molasses! I use that extensively when baking scandanavian style breads. But not much in german style rye breads.
Germans may not use malt extract in bread but they do make bread with a portion of the grist mashed which produces malt extract from the starches already in the flour, good pumpernickel is almost always mashed for example
I bet that Lithuanian bread is also mashed and my whole rye starter smells a lot like apples when fully ripe
I especially love Old Camp Cook's comment: "If anyone works out this recipe, I would be eternally grateful. I would think I had died and gone to Heaven!" It expresses so beautifully what I believe as well. Peter Reinhart writes about bread the same way. Once you taste this stuff you realize the quiet elegance of the subtle taste and texture just is not like anything else.
I hope it happens. I do love my NYT rye bread but I'm up to trying other old world ways with rye. I think I might have tasted the Klosterbrot at a friends house a couple of weeks ago and liked it a lot. I kept reading the ingredients on the package to try and remember them. The bread had a very nice taste with a hint of sweet. The ingredients listed sourdough as the first ing. then (I think) rye, wheat, salt and I don't think anything else. No hint of a sweetner. I wondered if the sourdough had a sugar or if they found a way to get the dough to ferment with a taste of sweet, a very subtle sweet. Next week I'll be going back up to the old world meat store where they sold the bread so I'll pick some up and try to figure it out. The meat store, by the way, had some of the best homemade lunchmeats and sausages I've had since I was a kid. All the real thing. Where are all those stores now to save us from the stuff that's passed off on us now. We can't make everything on our own. This bread obsession takes up enough of my time :O)
Countryboy, do you know the ingredients on the package of your Klosterbrot?I sure hope some of you folks post some rye breads for all of us to try. Thanks for this post. weavershouse
I have a batch in bulk ferment as we speak. :>) I decided to use a blend of the spices that Mini-oven suggested in her post about farmers rye. I only ground up and added 1 T of the blend for starters since I read there were no seeds. I'll post the results later tomorrow.
Go Eric! You are putting us all to shame! Actually I believe that this project requires someone with your level of expertise to analyze just how to duplicate the Klosterbrot quality. I really don't think this project is for a newbie like me. They probably list some of the ingredients on the package and then leave off others. Speaking frankly I am of the opinion of weaverhouse who said: "We can't make everything on our own." I apologize if that sounds less than supportive but I believe this bread is quite frankly like the formula for Coca Cola and that people would be foolish to spread the recipe around. However if it can be duplicated I am sure you folks here are the ones who can do it. thanks, countryboy
You need to click on my author link and see when I joined this site. "Member since" If I'm ahead of you in skills it's only by a few mistakes trust me. I do get focused and obsessive when I think I see a worthwhile project like this one. There are plenty more experienced bakers who are reading and watching and haven't commented yet. That's actually a good thing because if we can develop a starter recipe, somebody like jmonkey or Floyd or Mini-O or Bill will be the ones to tune this right. But thanks for your confidence, I have three test batches going and tomorrow at 8: I'm going to pick up a 2 pound-er of Klosterbrot from a German meat market near here.
Eric, anyone who can bake for the masses the way you did in the Upper peninsula of Michigan has to know what he is doing.
When you try out the Klosterbrot may I suggest that you not look for lots of big holes as in some of the French and Italian bread. I believe the lightness, subtley, cool, creamy crumb together with the soft chewy crust is very foreign to the American palette and possibly therefore a disappointment. My wife's father, the German baker, introduced me to a whole new Way of experiencing food. He would bake things without all the sugar that Americans usually use and thereby go for a more natural taste. My wife has likewise thru her baking shown me how most American bakeries just load up on the sugar and lose touch with what baking used to be. Maybe people have trained their taste buds for one thing and forgotten about other possibilities.
But then again everyone has their own tastes and to each his own. for me a pleasure shared is a pleasure doubled so I hope it is worth your effort.
I would be interested to hear what MiniOven says about baking in Austria and Germany. Is it of a higher as I imagine it or is my experience just isolated and anecdotal and just more like American stuff. The comments of Old Camp Cook suggests it can be quite nice.
I'm hoping that I will appreciate the subtle differences between this Canadian bakers products and what I have been making. I'm waiting now for the long bulk ferment so I can get a taste of the spices (or lack of) and compare it to the real deal. I'm hoping to be able to identify the taste components and then find a method to produce the proper crumb. Without the original bread to compare against this would be impossible.
Countryboy, I don't like to brag but Austria has a lot of great secrets and we love our food, wine, etc. I suggest visiting us, you will be more than delighted. I really enjoy buying and eating baked bread here. The chickens also get the left over bread so the eggs taste great too. Pork meat is exceptional here as well and it could also be they eat lots of rye. When I compare my food ingredients to China, I must say I am so relieved to know where my Austrian food originates and that the quality is high. I know my money goes into inspection and quality control.
As an artist, a rye field is like no other (and each grain in turn is unique): Rye has the stem color of wheat (blue-green) but the heads are yellow-green and fuzzy. Wind blowing across the field creates such variations of green, exceptional waves of color, I just enjoy my dog walks. My raspberries are getting ripe.
I will say that the Germans come to Austria to eat well, The Austrians themsleves, like to head for the ocean beaches. When I was first married, my husband arranged that each one of the Austrian ladies in our "camp" should teach me how to cook an authentic meal and in turn learn the English names of ingredients. Actually not a bad way to get to know the ladies and learn some German. Each day of the week, a different meal. Everyone happy. It wasn't until later, I found out that my "American Kitchen" was making him ill. Meals were too mixed up with sweets and desserts too salty. He never voiced his complaints (typical Austrian) and living with my Inlaws honed my skills. Austrians "eat out" often and get their money's worth. It can be quite funny at times when I'm stateside: my father wants me to cook for him and I want him to cook for me. I quess I never really learned to cook until I had to cook for someone else. It is an ongoing process. Mini Oven
that so much for describing the culinary delights of where you are living. So judging from your comments I gather that the bread and food in Austria really is as excellent as I imagined and as Old Camp Cook and others have said. Apparently our responses are not just the sharing of subjective and annecdotal experiences but rather pointing out some very high quality baking and cooking that for some reason does not get discussed in the American media.
America, like this forum, is big on French and Italian cooking and restaurants. Somehow the Austrian and German baking and cooking seems to be discussed only in passing.
MiniOven if you ever find out a way to simplify the detmold sourdough 3 stage methodology by all means let us know. It is discribed in the Hammelman book and is I believe truly prohibitive in complexity.
I know that anyone who can bake what you do among the rice paddies of rural China while balancing a PC on your lap can do anything. However, as a novice, I confess I find the detmold methodology "truly prohibitive in complexity" and feel bad if you buy the Hamelman book because of my comments. If I were to say anything I would ask you not to buy it based on my suggestion. It ain't cheap but I am told I will get a copy for my birthday in July.
only to tell of it's secrets. I'm a big girl. Let me do this. I've been curious for a long time now and now I will know what people are talking about. It was only a matter of time before I went shopping. I just hope I ordered the right one. Mini Oven
=== detmold sourdough 3 stage methodology by all means let us know. It is discribed in the Hammelman book and is I believe truly prohibitive in complexity. ====
That is why I suggested the multi-step program above. I am actually trying my first Detmold-type recipe (it will probably be about 45% rye since I need a bit more rise for my weekly sandwich bread) this weekend. Having gone through the straight dough rye and then the basic sourdough rye I re-read the Hammelman Detmold recipes and no longer find them intimidating.
I posted this information earlier in this thread but I think it's getting lost there ... it's potentially some useful information for those of you who want to try to bake the 'Klosterbrot' :
You are basically looking for a 'Roggenbrot' or 'Schwarzbrot' (which translates to 'Blackbread'). Klosterbrot is nothing else then a wholemeal-rye bread ('Roggen-Vollkornbrot') ... it's kind of a trade name that best know Lieken-Urkorn, one of the more popular bread giants in Germany (see Lieken-Urkorn ).
'Schwarzbrot' is made from equal parts of Wholemeal of wheat and rye, AP flour plus buttermilk, salt and leaven and quite a bit pure sugar cane syrup (equal to one part of the flours!). You'd be shooting for a 60% Hydration. The loaf is gently baked at a very low temperature, about 300F for about three hours (The crust of the loaf may have to be covered after about 1 1/2 hours with Aluminum foil or LaCloche)
Can you clarify the proportions a little bit for me please? I think you are saying equal parts of Whole Wheat/Rye/AP flours and 33% of the flour total in sugar cane syrup. I wonder if that is anything like cayro syrup? I have access to Black Rye flour, is there anything else to make a "Black" bread? There is a seed that is added for a Russian Black bread I can't recall the name off hand. I seem to recall seeing coffee also to darken the dough.??
Countryboy, I thought you were after a rye bread, sorry, got confused. White that tastes of rye and creamy...thats my Austrian rye starter in white flour! You want Austrian SD! That makes sense.
Here was my first impression: just plain, and simply bit into it. Wow.... If I didn't know it was made from only white flour, I would swear it was anything but white, very nutty, with hints of rye. I didn't add any spices. I wanted to taste just the sourdough. Also good with cream cheese. And sour. My "not so thrilled about sourdough" husband loved it and kept asking for more. It really is incredible.So when I compare my starters, the others fall far behind.
So now what? Maintain an Austrian sourdough with rye and wheat and use in a white bread recipe. Simple enough. Does that shed any light on the detmold 3 stage method? Is it used to maintain a rye starter then reduce the rye for starter use in white bread? --Mini Oven
I made a basic rye this weekend using natural starter, a 50-50 blend of rye and AP flours and 60% hydration. It also had a T of malt extract in it.
It was not Bavarian rye. It was a very good rye but it was not the soft'ish dark brown crust, latte colored fine textured crumb that defines the generic bavarian rye type. After reading later posts by Brotkunst and others, I now think that there is a bit of sugar and a bit of fat in Bavarian ryes.
I am off to Canada for a day this week where I will stop in Deningers (Hamilton) for some German meats. There I will seek information from the very German staff who always seem to know answers to important food questions.
Sorry if this took longer than I expected. Over the weekend I baked 3 batches of some kind of Rye bread using an assortment of formulas.
My first batch was the Farmers Rye Bread post from Mini-Oven that included the blend of crushed fennel. coriander and caraway. To be honest this batch fell and was ugly after final proof in a linen lined basket. It was useful for taste comparisons only. The spice blend was evident in the crumb but not in an obvious way, just something subtle that enhanced the aroma. I'm sure that the failure of the bread structure was from my not establishing a good gluten structure. Not enough kneading and stretching allowed the gas to escape.
The second batch was from a post of the book "Secrets of a Jewish Baker". I tried to follow the 3 step starter procedure to the letter since it seemed like it might impact the sourness of the end product. It is interesting that many of the formula I looked at included a sourdough starter derived from active dry or fresh yeast and not an old starter kept and fed like what I consider the traditional method. Keep in mind these folks have been raising flour for thousands of years before the natural dry yeast industry hatched into being so I don't know what to think. Anyway, the starter starts with 1/2 C Rye flour, 1/8 teaspoon of active dry yeast, 1 Cup warm water, 1 Tablespoon crushed caraway seed, 1 teaspoon minced onion. The onion is supposed to hasten fermentation and enhance flavor according to the author. This is a 3 step process, each of which end with dusting the top of the newly mixed starter with a layer of rye flour. After it has risen, the top is cracked and looks like lava when it hardens. The final dough also includes a package of active dry yeast and 3 Cups of "Rye Sour".
On this and test #3 I am dedicated to establishing a well developed gluten structure and I am done with the banetton. This bread is sold all over Europe and Canada as a free form or panned bread. So, I kneaded and added lots of flour until it finally developed some elasticity, then I did 2 stretch and folds just to be sure! Boy this is hard work. I'm starting to get those rock hard shoulders jmonkey talked about.
I free formed the boule and tightened it as best I could and set it in the oven with a cup of very hot water to provide moisture. It had grown to nearly double in 40 minutes so I made on slash along the girth and turned on the oven to 375F and set the timer for 1 hour. I did my usual steam for the first 10 minutes and removed the vent block from my electric oven. This is a +- 4 pound loaf of dense dough and it took the entire hour to get to 200F internal. I did not do the cornstarch brushing before and after baking but opted to use water as an alternative as suggested.
The seeds all fell off the top as you can See in the image and there was a decent oven spring. The top did tear a little as was evident before baking. I think the dough wasn't completely bonded after adding so much flour during kneading, there was some stratified layers from the knead/flour/fold process. (a pilots view of the world as it relates to cloud formations)
In summary: I posted a side by side comparison of the bread I made and the bread made by Dimpflmeier in Toronto called Klosterbrot. Mini's post above I think accurately describes the red herring that hunting for a generic term in specificity is :>) The slice that has been cut on two surfaces is my loaf, the other is what started this discussion.
There is only 1 image of the Bread from Toronto bakery and that is the side by side shot. Everything else is my work. I'm not sure this is an accurate sampling of the Klosterbrot bread since the bread I bought was at least 5 days old when I bought it. All of the German breads were hard both and on the inside. These breads are nothing like what I am familiar with. I believe Brotkunst suggested evaluating German Rye's will require a change in perspective. I would say that's a rather massive understatement..
On smell: Country Boy mentioned a "subtle in taste, quiet, cool, creamy, with a soft chewy crust" and I was hoping that my test product would smell something remotely similar to the original. Unfortunately, nothing could be further from the truth. The Klosterbot has a very unique I think cheesy aroma. I am going to have my wife and her friend sample this and tell me what they think is in it. I almost want to say somewhere between parmesan and Swiss cheese. This is not an aroma i have ever smelled in bread. It is unique but since we are all friends here and I know you won't repeat this, I didn't care for it. I did like the Jewish Rye that I made and so did everyone that had it at dinner. I know there are acquired tastes and the test was done on old bread so maybe it isn't a fair comparison but after all they are selling these bricks and shipping them all over the place with no baked on date or best if used by date.
I see that Cooky ordered some from the Toronto bakery so maybe she will have a better experience. I don't know what a person could add to make the bread taste like cheese other than cheese. I'm going to bake the second batch of the Jewish Rye later today in which I omitted the caraway and kept the onion.
One last thought here. Some of the German breads I have tasted over the years have a compressed quality to them. They have extremely good flavor but are somewhat "waxy" not really wax but the thin pre sliced pieces beg for cream cheese and salmon and capers, more like an appetizer, open face in small cocktail size snacks. This is a refined product that is unlike bread as I have come to know it. I saw some yesterday that had almost no (zero) air holes in it. Very firm small squares of wheat based oven baked delicacy. The Klosterbrot isn't one of these but it was made by a place who knows how to do it, if you know what I mean.
Eric,> you certainly did a very thorough job and provided a comprehensive > analysis of the results. And yes we all agree with Mini that > Klosterbrot is generic in the sense that anyone could use the term and > there is probably no set recipie for same.> > Please note that you are a couple of steps ahead of me when you > mention that>> "On smell: Country Boy mentioned a "subtle in taste, quiet, cool,> creamy, with a soft chewy crust" and I was hoping that my test> product would smell something remotely similar to the original. '>> I must confess I have no sense of smell, quite literally, and so am > not able to discuss or evaluate based on that particular aspect.> > It seems from your researches that this whole subject is more one > of an on going research trial and error project that can go on for > years rather than one that can be nailed down with the results of a > few experiments. > > Thanks again for sharing the results of your extensive hard work.> cb
I just went back and looked at this thread and re-read where you describe what a soft and unique "taste" this bread has. Now in the post above you say "I must confess I have no sense of smell, quite literally, and so am not able to discuss or evaluate based on that particular aspect." From what I know about the connection between smell and taste, you must be a medical miracle.
I have a pretty good sniffer countryboy and right now I'm getting a hint of fish.
Eric, I can't complement you enough for your baking and pics. I have a question about your rye flour available. Is your rye flour fine, like regular AP wheat only darker and heavier or does it have larger pieces of bran in it? I suspect we have two very different flours. Mini Oven
I have a question about your rye flour available. Is your rye flour fine, like regular AP wheat only darker and heavier or does it have larger pieces of bran in it? I suspect we have two very different flours.
In Germany, there are a wide range of rye flours. In the USA, there are typically four. The Germans rate and label their flours by the amount of ash, or mineral, content in them. This is a great indicator of the amount of flavor in the breads that will be made with the flours.
The three USA ryes are:
Light rye which is the rye equivalent of white wheat flour
Medium rye which is between a dark and light rye both in taste and color.
Dark rye which varies from mill to mill. In some mills, it is a whole rye, in others it is more like the rye version of common or first clear flour. That is, it's what is left over after the light rye parts have been removed.
Whole rye this is a whole rye flour.
As you move from light to medium to whole rye, the flour gets darker and more flavorful, and you get less rise. You can substitue these flours for one another, adjusting the quiquid a bit as the darker flours absorb more water. You will lose rise, but that's not so important with rye.
However, unlike Germany the names of these flours are not standardized either by law or by custom. Therefore you have to take into account the suppliers as well. For example, King Arthur has a flour called "pumpernickel" that I believe would be classified as a coarse dark rye in Germany. Bob's Red Mill's "pumpernickel" is a finer version of its cracked rye and I think is closer to the German pumpernickel classification.
So, even if you are only using the major suppliers you can still get a wider variety by trying different ones. And that doesn't take into account the smaller local mills listed in _Bread Alone_ and RLB's _Bread Bible_.
Hi Mini, The rye flour that I used for this was Hodgson Mills whole grain Rye. It isn't as fine as any AP flour and does have small pieces in it. I was thinking about grain quality also so I bought some from the bulk bin in the health food section also. When I got home I checked side by side I couldn't tell them apart.
I have always thought one of the interesting things about white whole wheat is that it is ground so fine. Is yours ground like AP?
The whole thing with the fineness of the grind is a little mystical to me. Now that I know we have an expert from the high mountain lurking (Tod) I'm enjoying listening to his advice.
I was suspecting that we two had two different flours. Rye here comes in so many varieties but the one sold on the shelf in most super markets is very fine, whole, no visable graham, and powdery like AP wheat flour but darker. The color of the crumb is then a saturated light brown with no specks. Interesting.... What does our lurker have to say, does fine ground behave differently? Mini Oven
Two weeks ago I took a 1 1/2 day seminar with Jeff Hammelman on rye breads, so I'll throw in some comments.
The Detmolder process is not necessary. Jeff said he felt it was the result of the cereal institute in Detmolder formalizing and codifying what bakers had been doing by hunch, instinct or zen for centuries. When he did the Detmolder rye, he didn't fret about exact amounts or temperature control that much. "It's a bit warm today, so we'll use a bit less of the seed culture than we otherwise would." "The bakery is warm, so let's put the bucket of starter on the floor to keep it cooler - if the bakery were cooler, I'd move the bucket closer to the oven. It doesn't have to be exact."
The Detmiolder process does give you a very balanced starter with good yeast activity, and a good balance of acetic and lactic acidity.
(without kamut: I have an incurable allergy to trademarks) every time falling in love with it more and more. It's the first totally satisfying rye bread that I ever made and it's the one that introduced me to the zavarka thing.
Countryboy: I realize that this thread is very old, but there's absolutely nothing intimidating in the Detmolder process. The only difficult thing is maintaining the temperatures at the right levels, but the process is just straightforward. The resulting bread has really something more in its flavor.
Whey is the byproduct of cheese making and can be used in powdered or liquid form. A dairy by-product (from making cheese), rich in protein, minerals and milk sugar. Aids in browning, adds nutrition, adds flavor and slightly sweetens. Good for promoting beneficial bacteria in colon (like yogurt). Use ½ cup powdered to any recipe. Some people use 1-cup liquid whey to replace water in a 4-loaf recipe.
All original site content copyright 2015 The Fresh Loaf unless stated otherwise. Content posted by community members is their own. The Fresh Loaf is not responsible for community member content. If you see anything inappropriate on the site or have any questions, contact me at floydm at thefreshloaf dot com. This site is powered by Drupal and Mollom.
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An OAP had to undergo surgery after being bitten fighting off a pitbull who had mauled his dog.
The 70-year-old man, who asked not to be named, was walking his chihuahua, Doddie, through Byron Square when they were attacked by the animal.
After the scuffle, the man was taken to Aberdeen Royal Infirmary where he had surgery to repair tendons in his hand and was kept in overnight for observation.
Little Doddie fared worse – and is facing surgery to amputate his injured leg.
The Northfield resident said: “I was taking Doddie for a walk and getting my paper from the shops at Byron Square. I saw the dog in front of us off its lead with a lady. I started to slow down just in case.
“Next thing I knew, the lady was gone and the pitbull had Doddie’s leg in his mouth – pulling at his leg.
“Two people who were parked got out of their cars and people from the bakery tried to get the dog off him. It was terrifying.”
The OAP said once the pitbull let go of Doddie, he went “limp” and he feared the worst.
He added: “I reached out to grab Doddie because I thought he was dead and that’s when the pitbull bit me. I didn’t know I was bitten until I was sitting down inside the community centre and someone said I was bleeding. I had a chunk of skin missing from my hand.
“A grey truck pulled up and a man got out to get the pitbull before getting in and leaving. He never said anything – just left.”
Keep up to date with the latest news with The Evening Express newsletter
The man put off going to A&E because he first wanted to take Doddie to the vet.
When he got there, the vet said Doddie was “lucky to be alive” – but he will have to have his leg amputated.
Doddie is not yet fit enough to have the surgery.
He said: “The vet said chihuahuas have bones like chickens – they’re not very big and it’s not looking good.
“Doddie’s very quiet now and I’m worried about him being traumatised. I don’t know how he’ll react when he sees another dog.”
A Police Scotland spokeswoman: “Officers received a report of an incident involving a dog at Byron Square in Aberdeen. The incident occurred at around 9.40am on Tuesday and resulted in a man and a small black dog being injured by another dog. Inquiries are ongoing.”
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The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America invoked the DMCA to request works be removed from Scribd even though in a number of cases they had no right to do so, including Creative Commons licensed work.
This entry was posted
on Friday, August 31st, 2007 at 8:33 pm and is filed under Links.
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“A” should be for acorn, “B” for buttercup and “C” for conker, not attachment, blog and chatroom, according to a group of authors including Margaret Atwood and Andrew Motion who are “profoundly alarmed” about the loss of a slew of words associated with the natural world from the Oxford Junior Dictionary, and their replacement with words “associated with the increasingly interior, solitary childhoods of today”.
The 28 authors, including Atwood, Motion, Michael Morpurgo and Robert Macfarlane, warn that the decision to cut around 50 words connected with nature and the countryside from the 10,000-entry children’s dictionary, is “shocking and poorly considered” in the light of the decline in outdoor play for today’s children. They are calling on publisher Oxford University Press to reverse its decision and, if necessary, to bring forward publication of a new edition of the dictionary to do so.
The likes of almond, blackberry and crocus first made way for analogue, block graph and celebrity in the Oxford Junior Dictionary in 2007, with protests at the time around the loss of a host of religious words such as bishop, saint and sin. The current 2012 edition maintained the changes, and instead of catkin, cauliflower, chestnut and clover, today’s edition of the dictionary, which is aimed at seven-year-olds starting Key Stage Two, features cut and paste, broadband and analogue.
“We recognise the need to introduce new words and to make room for them and do not intend to comment in detail on the choice of words added. However it is worrying that in contrast to those taken out, many are associated with the interior, solitary childhoods of today. In light of what is known about the benefits of natural play and connection to nature; and the dangers of their lack, we think the choice of words to be omitted shocking and poorly considered,” the authors have written to OUP.
“When, in 2007, the OJD made the changes, this connection was understood, but less well publicised than now. The research evidence showing the links between natural play and wellbeing; and between disconnection from nature and social ills, is mounting.”
The 28 signatories to the letter, who also include Sara Maitland, Helen Macdonald and Ruth Padel, say their concern is “not just a romantic desire to reflect the rosy memories of our own childhoods onto today’s youngsters”.
“There is a shocking, proven connection between the decline in natural play and the decline in children’s wellbeing,” they write, pointing to research which found that a generation ago, 40% of children regularly played in natural areas, compared to 10% today, with a further 40% never playing outdoors. “Obesity, anti-social behaviour, friendlessness and fear are the known consequences,” they say.
The campaign has been pulled together by Laurence Rose, who works for the RSPB and who provided a list of words taken out, including hamster, heron, herring, kingfisher, lark, leopard, lobster, magpie, minnow, mussel, newt, otter, ox, oyster and panther.
“Will the removal of these words from the OJD ruin lives? Probably not,” say the authors. “But as a symptom of a widely acknowledged problem that is ruining lives, this omission becomes a major issue. The Oxford Dictionaries have a rightful authority and a leading place in cultural life. We believe the OJD should address these issues and that it should seek to help shape children’s understanding of the world, not just to mirror its trends.”
They tell the publisher “that a deliberate and publicised decision to restore some of the most important nature words would be a tremendous cultural signal and message of support for natural childhood”, and ask it to “take that opportunity, and if necessary, bring forward the next edition of the OJD in order to do so”.
Macfarlane, whose forthcoming book Landmarks, which looks at the relationship between nature and language, was originally inspired by the OJD’s changes, pointed to the response in 2008 from the head of children’s dictionaries at OUP, who said the changes had been made because: “When you look back at older versions of dictionaries, there were lots of examples of flowers for instance. That was because many children lived in semi-rural environments and saw the seasons. Nowadays, the environment has changed.”
“There’s a realism to her response – but also an alarming acceptance of the ideas that children might no longer see the seasons, that all childhoods are urban, that all cities are denatured, and that what exists beyond the city fringe or the edge of the computer screen need not be named,” said Macfarlane. “We do not care for what we do not know, and on the whole we do not know what we cannot name. Do we want an alphabet for children that begins ‘A is for Acorn, B is for Buttercup, C is for Conker’; or one that begins ‘A is for Attachment, B is for Block-Graph, C is for Chatroom’?”
Motion, the former poet laureate, said that “by discarding so many country and landscape-words from their Junior Dictionary, OUP deny children a store of words that is marvellous for its own sake, but also a vital means of connection and understanding.
“Their defence – that lots of children have no experience of the countryside – is ridiculous. Dictionaries exist to extend our knowledge, as much (or more) as they do to confirm what we already know or half-know,” said Motion.
A spokesperson for Oxford University Press said: “All our dictionaries are designed to reflect language as it is used, rather than seeking to prescribe certain words or word usages. We employ extremely rigorous editorial guidelines in determining which words [can] be included in each dictionary, based on several criteria: acknowledging the current frequency of words in daily language of children of that age; corpus analysis; acknowledging commonly misspelled or misused words; and taking curriculum requirements into account.
“The Oxford Junior Dictionary is very much an introduction to language. It includes around 400 words related to nature including badger, bird, caterpillar, daffodil, feather, hedgehog, invertebrate, ladybird, ocean, python, sunflower, tadpole, vegetation, and zebra. Many words that do not appear in the Oxford Junior Dictionary are included in the Oxford Primary Dictionary; a more comprehensive dictionary designed to see students through to age 11. Words included in this title include mistletoe, gerbil, acorn, goldfish, guinea pig, dandelion, starling, fern, willow, conifer, heather, buttercup, sycamore, holly, ivy, and conker.
“We have no firm plans to publish a new edition of the Oxford Junior Dictionary at this stage. However, we welcome feedback on all our dictionaries and feed this into the editorial process.”
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Great! Thanks,
Fletch
-----Original Message-----
From: Webb, Jay
Sent: Tuesday, September 04, 2001 5:57 PM
To: Sturm, Fletcher J.
Subject: turning off product autosuspend
Hi Fletch.
All products with the internal trader id of FSTURM
have been disabled for autosuspension if the system
detects that the Stack Manager has gone away.
Also, you should receive a call from the head of
support to help you get the VPN software. Let
me know if you do not hear from her.
--jay
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Q:
C# Sorting list by another list
I have now 2 lists:
list<string> names;
list<int> numbers;
and I need to sort my names based on the values in numbers.
I've been searching, and most use something like x.ID, but i don't really know what that value is. So that didn't work.
Does anyone know, what to do, or can help me out in the ID part?
A:
So i assume that the elements in both lists are related through the index.
names.Select((n, index) => new { Name = n, Index = index })
.OrderBy(x => numbers.ElementAtOrDefault(x.Index))
.Select(x => x.Name)
.ToList();
But i would use another collection type like Dictionary<int,string> instead if both lists are related insomuch.
A:
Maybe this is a task for the Zip method. Something like
names.Zip(numbers, (name, number) => new { name, number, })
will "zip" the two sequences into one. From there you can either order the sequence immediately, like
.OrderBy(a => a.number)
or you can instead create a Dictionary<,>, like
.ToDictionary(a => a.number, a => a.name)
But it sounds like what you really want is a SortedDictionary<,>, not a Dictionary<,> which is organized by hash codes. There's no LINQ method for creating a sorted dictionary, but just say
var sorted = new SortedDictionary<int, string>();
foreach (var a in zipResultSequence)
sorted.Add(a.number, a.name);
Or alternatively, with a SortedDictionary<,>, skip Linq entirely, an go like:
var sorted = new SortedDictionary<int, string>();
for (int idx = 0; idx < numbers.Count; ++idx) // supposing the two list have same Count
sorted.Add(numbers[idx], names[idx]);
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"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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Q:
ElasticsearchIllegalArgumentException: Illegal plugin name
I am trying to use https://github.com/sscarduzio/elasticsearch-readonlyrest-plugin
My E.S version is 1.4.4 , and as soon as i run the first command :
bin/plugin install https://github.com/sscarduzio/elasticsearch-readonlyrest-plugin/blob/master/download/elasticsearch-readonlyrest-v1.9.2_es-v2.3.2.zip?raw=true
I end up with :
Message:
Error while installing plugin, reason: ElasticsearchIllegalArgumentException: Illegal plugin name:
A:
If you're running ES 1.4.4 you cannot install the version for ES 2.3.2.
Also you need to specify the URL using the --url switch
Try this, it will work
bin/plugin --install readonlyrest --url 'https://github.com/sscarduzio/elasticsearch-readonlyrest-plugin/blob/master/download/elasticsearch-readonlyrest-v1.3_es-v1.4.1.zip?raw=true'
See all available versions of that plugin here
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"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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Q:
How to UV-Map a complex plane?
I'm having trouble adding texture to a complex plane object, where can I place the seams so that the UV-Map doesn't appear very distorted and overlapped.
Here is the file
A:
In your case, I would separate the pillars from the rest of the mesh, if they are buildings. Otherwise, they are okay.
There are lots of techniques for unwrapping, but here are a few things to keep in mind.
You can use more than one UV map on an object. For example, you could "project from view, bounds" for the top of the mesh, and use a texture for the ground surface, then unwrap the sides of the pillar on a different map, and use a different texture for that.
Smart UV unwrap usually does a pretty good job, and you can base your unwrap on that if you want.
It is not always necessary to unwrap an object, if you want it to be textured. Your best and simplest bet may be to use generated coordinates with box projection.
You usually want to mark seams on sharp angles, and places that are hard to see, like the bottom of your pillars.
I noticed you are using "Blender Render", not Cycles. Are you sure that is what you want to do? From my knowledge, texturing can be easier in Cycles and many of the tips I suggested only work with Cycles nodes, as far as I know. I don't know very much about Blender render though.
Just some tips, I hope they help. Here is an example of using box projection on your model.
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"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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Q:
LIBXML - how do I get the name of the tag?
I have the following:
my $string='<entry><name>Bob</name><zip>90210</zip></entry>';
my $parser=XML::LibXML->new();
use HTML::Entities;
my $encodedXml=encode_entities($string,'&\'');
my $doc=$parser->parse_string($encodedXml);
foreach my $text($doc->findnodes("//text()")){
print $text->to_literal,"\n";
}
This prints out 'Bob' and '90210';
How do I get the actual node names...I need a way to get all the nodes within my xml tree....ie 'name' and 'zip'
A:
Text nodes don't have names. Perhaps you want the name of the parent?
I think this will work:
for my $node ($doc->findnodes('//text()')) {
print $node->parentNode()->nodeName(), ": ", $node->nodeValue(), "\n";
}
I would use
for my $node ($doc->findnodes('//*[text()]')) {
print $node->nodeName(), ": ", $node->textContent(), "\n";
}
Note: This later version combines all the text children of the element, so it's not equivalent if a node has more than one text child. They should be equivalent for you, though.
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"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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FIFA 15 brings football to life in stunning detail so fans can
experience the emotion of the sport like never before. Witness the
intensity of crowds chanting and cheering like on match day, and listen
to commentators guide fans through the story of the game with Dynamic
Match Presentation.
For the first time ever, all 22 players on the pitch are connected with
Emotional Intelligence – now players will react to opponents and
teammates within the context, and relative to the narrative of the
match. Authentic Player Visuals make players lean, athletic, and true to
their real-life appearance. Player Control heightens
All links are interchangeable, you can take different parts on different hosts and start downloading at the same time
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"Positions." "'Night, boys." "Sorry, lover." "Hello." "I'm so terribly sorry." "That card paying device thing, that's a Lobster card, am I right?" " Oyster card." " Ah, well, that's the problem, you see." "I only use my Oyster when there's an R in the month." "It's April." "Go, go, go!" "Diamonds." "Genuine." "Drive!" "Works for me." "You're just in time, mate." "Hello, I'm the Doctor!" "Happy Easter!" "Doctor Who" " Easter Special 2009 "Planet Of The Dead"" "Transcript by bean" "Subtitles by LauCass" "Right, close off the area, get all these people cleared." "She has got to be here somewhere." "Robinson, clear the road." "Get the whole place sealed off!" "She's on the bus!" "She's on the..." "Come on!" "Get the car!" "It's definitely her." "Come on, move it!" "Jackson, follow that bus!" "Funny thing is, I don't often do Easter." "I can never find it, it's always at a different time." "Although," "I remember the original." "Between you and me, what really happened was..." "Oh, sorry, hold on to that for me." "Actually, go on, have it, finish it." "It's full of sugar and I'm determined to keep these teeth." "Ah!" "Oh, we've got excitation!" "I'm picking up something very strange." "I know the feeling." "All units in pursuit, registration Whisky nine seven four, Golf Hotel Mike." "They're heading for the Gladwell Road Tunnel." "Please stop all traffic." "Seal off the North End." "The bus has entered the south entrance of the tunnel." "Officers in pursuit." "Units now arriving at the North entrance." "Tango 183 at the far end, sir." "I've sealed off the exit." "There's no way out, over." "I'm right behind." "We've got her!" "Rhondium particles, that's what I'm looking for." "This thing detects them." "The little dish should go round, that little dish there..." "Right now, a way out would come in pretty handy." "Can you detect me one of those?" "Lou." "Can you hear them?" "Hear what, sweetheart?" "The voices." "So many voices." "Calling to us." "Calling so far." " Oh, the little dish is going round!" " Fascinating." "And round." "Whoa..." "Excuse me." "Do you mind?" " Sorry." "That was my little dish." " Can't you turn that thing off?" " What was your name?" " Christina." "Christina, hold on tight." "Everyone, hold on!" "The voices!" "Oh, the voices, they're screaming!" "What's going on?" "!" "Tango 183." "Units in position, sir." "Uh, sorry to report, but, er, no sign of the bus." "Over." "It's gone." "Right in front of me." "The bus has just... gone." "Over." "End of the line." "Call it a hunch, but I think we've gone a little bit further than Brixton." "We should get out!" "Even if that's the Sahara, we can't stay on board this thing." "I'm not going out there!" "They're still calling." "All around us." "The voices are crying." "What voices, sweetheart?" "The Dead..." "We're surrounded by the Dead." "That's impossible." "There are three suns." "Three of them!" "Like when all those planets were up in the sky!" "But it was Earth that moved back then, wasn't it?" "Oh, man, we're on another world!" "It's still intact, though!" "Not as bad as it looks." "The chassis's still holding together." " Oh, my boss is gonna murder me!" " Can you still drive it?" "Oh, no, the wheels are stuck." "Look at them, they're never gonna budge." "Dennison, listen." "We've sealed off the far end, nothing is to come through." "But I don't understand, sir." "How can a bus just disappear?" "Ready for every emergency." "Me too!" "And what's your name?" " I'm the Doctor." " Name, not rank." "The Doctor." " Surname?" " The Doctor." "You're called 'the Doctor'?" "Yes, I am." "That's not a name, that's a psychological condition." "Funny sort of sand, this." "There's a trace of something else." "Ack." "Eurgh." "Blah, that's not good." "Well, it wouldn't be, it's sand." "No, it tastes like..." " Never mind." " What is it, what's wrong?" "Hold on a minute, I saw you, mate!" "You had that thing, that machine." "Did you make this happen?" "Oh, humans on buses, always blaming me." "Look, look." "If you must know, I was tracking a hole in the fabric of reality." "Call it a hobby." "But it was a tiny little hole, no danger to anyone." "Suddenly it gets big, and we drive right through it." "But then where is it?" "There's nothing, there's just sand!" "All right." "You want proof?" "We drove through this." "What the hell was that?" "And that's?" "A door." "A door in space." "So what you're saying is, on the other side of that is home?" " We can get to London through there?" " The bus came through, but we can't." "Well, then what are we waiting for?" "Oh, no, don't." " I'm going home, mate!" " I said don't!" "He was a skeleton, man!" "He was bones, just bones!" "Dennison, er..." "I think we're out of our depth here." "We need experts." "Get me UNIT." "Emergency Code One!" "It was the bus." "Look at the damage, that was the bus protecting us." " Great big box of metal." " Rather like a Faraday cage?" "Like in a thunderstorm, yeah?" "Safest place is inside a car, cos the metal conducts the lightning right through." "We did it in school." "But if we can only travel back inside the bus..." "A Faraday cage needs to be closed." "That thing's been ripped wide open." "Slightly different dynamics with a wormhole." "There's enough metal to make it work, I think." "I hope." "Then we have to drive five tonnes of bus, which is currently buried in the sand." "And we've got nothing but our bare hands." "Correct?" "I'd say nine and a half tonners, but the point still stands, yes." "Then we need to apply ourselves to the problem with discipline!" "Which starts with appointing a leader." "Yes, at last, thank you, so..." "Well, thank goodness you've got me!" "Everyone do exactly as I say!" " Inside the bus immediately!" " Is it safe in there?" "I don't think anything's safe any more, but if it's a choice between baking in there or roasting out here, I'd say baking is slower." "Come on!" "All of you." "Right now!" "And you. 'The Doctor'." "Yes, ma'am." "Up!" "Come on!" "Point five, the crucial thing is, do not panic." "Quite apart from anything else, the smell of sweat inside this thing is reaching atrocious levels." "We don't need to add any more." "Point six." "Team identification." "Names." "I'm Christina, this man is apparently 'the Doctor'." "Hello." " And you?" " Nathan." "I'm Barclay." "Angela, Angela Whittaker." "My name's Louis, everyone calls me Lou, and this is Carmen." "Excellent." "Memorise those names." "There might be a test." "Point seven, assessment and application of knowledge." "Over to you, the Doctor." " I thought you were in charge." " I am." "And a good leader utilises her strength." "You seem to be the brainbox." "So, start boxing." "Right." "So, the wormhole." "We were in the wrong place at the wrong time." "It was just an accident." "No, it wasn't." "That thing, the doorway." "Someone made it." "For a reason." "How do you know?" "She's got a gift." "Ever since she was a little girl, she can just... tell things." " We do the lottery, twice a week." " You don't look like millionaires." "No, but we win ten pounds." "Every week, twice a week, ten pounds." "Don't tell me that's not a gift!" "Tell me, Carmen." "How many fingers am I holding up?" "Three." "Four." "Very good!" "Low level psychic ability, exacerbated by an alien sun." "What can you see, Carmen?" "Tell me." "What's out there?" "Something..." "Something is coming." "Riding on the wind." "And shining." "What is it?" "Death." "Death is coming." " We're going to die." " I knew it, man, I said so." "We can't die here." "No-one's gonna find us." " This isn't exactly helping." " Shut up too, we're not your soldiers." "That's not doing any good..." " Will we be bones, like the bus driver?" " Stop whimpering, all of you!" "All right now." "Stop it, everyone, stop it!" "Angela, look at me." "Angela, Angela, answer me one question, Angela." "That's it, at me, at me." "There we go, Angela, just answer me one thing." "When you got on this bus, where were you going?" " Doesn't matter now, does it?" " Answer the question." " Just home." " And what's home?" "Me and Mike." "And Suzanne." "That's my daughter." " She's 18." " Suzanne." "Good." "What about you?" "Dunno." " Going round Tina's." " Who's Tina?" "Your girlfriend?" "Not yet." "Good boy." "What about you, Nathan?" "Bit strapped for cash," "I lost my job last week." "I was gonna stay in." " Watch TV." " Brilliant, and you two?" "I was going to cook." "It's his turn tonight." "Then I clear up." "What's for tea?" "Chops." "Nice couple of chops and gravy." " Nothing special." " Oh, that's special, Lou." "That is so special." "Chops and gravy." "What about you, Christina?" "I was going... so far away." "Far away." "Chops and gravy." "Watching TV." "Mike and Suzanne and poor old Tina." " Hey!" " Just think of them." "Cos that planet out there, all three suns and wormholes and alien sand, that planet is nothing." "You hear me?" "Nothing compared to all those things waiting for you." "Food and home and people, hold on to that." "Cos we're gonna get there." "I promise." "I'm gonna get you home." " Isolate the area!" " Yes, ma'am." "Establish an exclusion zone." "Any media, move them back." " Any trouble, arrest them." " Yes, Ma'am." "I want the vehicles in the standard Procedure Five layout." "All outreach officers will report to me via Sergeant Calhoon," " is that understood?" " Yes, Ma'am." "Captain, I'm Detective Inspector sMcMillan." "Clear the area, thank you." "Yes, but I was here when the..." " thing... the bus, with the..." " I've read the report." "Now clear the area!" "Pandovski, get these men out of the zone." "Yes but..." "There's somebody on that bus..." " Just move back, sir." " She's mine!" "Perimeter guard, stand ready." "Stay alert." "Any hostile activity, shoot to kill." " Here we go!" " That's my boys!" "We lay a flat surface between the bus and the wormhole, like duckboards, and reverse into it!" "Let some air out of the tyres, just a little bit." "Spreads the weight of the bus, gives more grip against the sand." " Oh, that's good!" " Holidays in the Kalahari." "Yeah, but those wheels go deep." " Then start digging." " With what?" "With this." "Got anything else in there?" "Try that, might help with the seats." "Thanks!" "I can't find the keys." "Buses don't have keys." "There's a master switch, one button for start," " the other one for stop, yeah?" " Right." "Hold on, oh, I've got it." "Here we go, hold tight, ding ding!" "Oh, that doesn't sound too good." "Oh!" "Never mind losing half the top deck, you know what's worse?" "Sand." "Tiny little grains of sand." "The engine's clogged up." "Anyone know mechanics?" "Me!" "I did a two-week NVQ at the garage." "Never finished it, but..." "Off you go then, try stripping the air filter, fast as you can." " Back in two ticks." " Wait a minute!" "You're the man with all the answers." "I'm not letting you out of my sight." "Easier if you left that backpack behind." "Where I go, it goes." "A backpack with a spade and an axe." "Christina, who's going so far away, and yet scared by the sound of a siren." "Who are you?" "You can talk." "Let's just say we're two equal mysteries." "We make quite a couple." "We don't make any sort of couple, thank you very much." "Come on then." "Tell me." "If Carmen's right, if that wormhole's not an accident, then what is it?" " Has someone done this on purpose?" " I don't know." "But every single instinct of mine is telling me to get off this planet, right now." "And do you think we can?" " I live in hope." " That must be nice." "It's Christina de Souza." "To be precise, Lady Christina de Souza." "Ooh, that's handy." "Cos I'm a Lord." "Seriously?" " The Lord of where?" " It's quite a big estate." "No, but there's something more about you." "That device you were carrying." "And the wormhole." "Like you knew." "And the way you stride around this place, like..." " Like?" " Like you're not quite..." "Anyway!" "Come on!" "Allons-y!" "Oui, mais pas si nous allons vers un cauchemar." "Oh, we were made for each other!" "Ah." "Don't like the look of that." "Storm clouds." " Must be hundreds of miles away." " Getting closer." "If that's a sand storm, we'll get ripped to shreds." "It's a storm." "Who says it's sand?" "Closer... and closer and closer..." " Where is it?" " There, there on the seat." "You're hardly going to get a signal, we're on another planet!" "Oh, just watch me." "Right, now, bit of hush, thank you." "Gotta remember the number, very important number." "Hello, Pizza Geronimo?" "And again!" "Ah!" "seven-six, not six-seven..." "This is the Unified Intelligence Taskforce." "Please select one of the following four options." "Oh, I hate these things!" "If you keep your finger pressed on zero, you get through to a real person." " I saw it on Watchdog!" " Thank you, Angela!" "UNIT helpline, which department would you like?" "Listen, it's the Doctor!" "It's me!" "Captain!" "Urgent call, ma'am, relayed direct from HQ." " Who is it?" " It's him, ma'am." "It's the Doctor." "Doctor." "This is Captain Erisa Magambo." "Might I say, sir, it's an honour." "Did you just salute?" " No." " Erisa, it's about the bus." "HQ said you're at the tunnel, yeah?" " And where are you?" " I'm on the bus." "But apart from that, not a clue, except it's very pretty and pretty dangerous." "A body came through here." "Have you sustained any more fatalities?" "No, but I'm stuck." "I haven't got the Tardis, and I need to analyse that wormhole." "We have a scientific advisor on site, Dr Malcolm Taylor." "Just the man you need, he's a genius." "Oh, is he?" "We'll see about that." "It's the Doctor." "No, I'm all right now, thanks." "It was just a bit of a sore throat, although I've got to be honest, a cup of tea might be nice." "It's THE Doctor." "Do you mean... the Doctor-Doctor?" "!" "I know." "We all want to meet him one day, but..." " We all know what that day will bring." " I can hear everything you're saying." "Hello, Doctor?" "Oh, my goodness." "Yes, I am." "Hello, Malcolm!" "The Doctor!" "Cor blimey." "I can't believe I'm actually speaking to you!" "I mean, I've read all the files!" "Really?" "What was your favourite, the giant robot?" "No, no hold on, let's sort out that wormhole. 'Scuse me." "On speakerphone, please." "I don't want anyone keeping secrets." "Malcolm, something's not making sense here." "I've got a storm and a wormhole, I can't help thinking there's a connection." "I need a complete full-range analysis of that wormhole, the whole thing." "I've probably got the wrong idea, but I've wired up an integrator." "I thought it could measure the energy signature." " No, that'll never work." "Listen..." " It's quite extraordinary, though!" "I'm measuring an oscillation of 15 Malcolms per second." " Fifteen what?" " Fifteen Malcolms." "It's my own little term." "A wavelength parcel of ten kilohertz operating in four dimensions equals one Malcolm." "You named a unit of measurement after yourself?" "Well, it didn't do Mr Watt any harm." "Furthermore, 100 Malcolms equals a Bernard." "And who's that, your dad?" "Don't be ridiculous, that's Quatermass." "Right." "Fine." "But before I die of old age, which in my case would be quite an achievement, so congratulations on that, is there anyone else I can talk to?" "No, no, no, no, but listen!" "I set the scanner to register what it can't detect and inverted the image." " You did what?" " Is that wrong?" "No, Malcolm, that's brilliant!" "So you can actually measure the wormhole?" "!" "OK, I admit, that is genius!" "The Doctor called me a genius." "I know, I heard." "Now, run a capacity scan." "I need a full report." "Call me back when you've done it." "And Malcolm?" "You're my new best friend." "And you're mine too, sir." " Barclay, I'm holding on to this." " Then you'd better bring it back!" "You're mine..." "He's gone." "He's gone." "Send this back to Earth, see if Malcolm can analyse the storm." "There's something in those clouds, something shining." "Look..." "Like metal..." "Why would there be metal in a storm?" "So fast and strong, they ride the storm." "They are the storm." "But what are they?" "They devour." " Did you hear something?" " Hold on." "Busy." "There was a noise, like a sort of..." "Doctor..." "There's something new." "That's wait." "I shout wait, people usually wait." " You speak the language?" " Every language." "That's begging for mercy." " That means 'move." " 'Ooh!" "You're learning." "These fly things, they must be responsible." "They brought us here." "No, no, no, no, no!" "Look at the ship, it's a wreck." "They crashed, just like us." "But this place is freezing!" "The hull's made of Photafine steel... ..turns cold when it's hot." "Boiling desert outside, freezing ship inside." "Since I met you, Christina, we've been through all the extremes!" "That's how I like things." "Extreme." "Oh, this is beautiful!" "Intact, it must have been magnificent." "A proper streamlined deep-spacer!" "I'll remember that as I'm being slowly tortured." "At least I'm bleeding on the floor of a really well-designed spaceship!" "Oh, right, good, yes, hello!" "That's a telepathic translator." "He can understand us." "Still sounds like gibberish to me." "That's what I said, he can understand us." "Doesn't work the other way round." ""You will suffer for your crimes..." ""etcetera." "You have" ""committed an act of violence against the Tritovore race."" "Tritovores, they're called Tritovores." ""You came here in the 200 to destroy us..."" "Sorry, what's the 200?" "It's the bus." "Number 200, they mean the bus." "Oh!" "No, look, I think you're making the same mistake Christina did." "I'm the Doctor, by the way, and this is Christina, the Honourable Lady Christina." "At least I hope she's honourable!" "We got pulled through that wormhole." "The 200 doesn't look like that normally." "It's broken, just the same as you." " What are they doing?" " They believe me." "What, as simple as that?" "I've got a very honest face." "And the translator says I'm telling the truth." "Plus, the face." "Right!" "So, first things first, there's a very strange storm heading our way, can you send out a probe?" "Ah, they've lost power." "Hmm, the crash knocked the mainline crystallography out of synch." "But if I can jiggle it back..." "I thank you!" "Yes, I am!" "Frequently." "Okey-doke, let's launch that probe." "The Scorpion Nebula." "We're on the other side of the universe." "Just what you wanted, so far away." "The planet of San Helios." "And that's us?" "We're on another world." " We have been for quite a while." " I know, but seeing it like that..." " It's good, isn't it?" " Wonderful." "The Tritovores were going to trade with San Helios." "Population of one hundred billion." "Plenty of waste matter for them to absorb." "By waste matter, you mean?" "They feed off what others leave behind." "From their... behind." "If you see what I mean." "It's perfectly natural." "They are flies." "Charming." "Just remind me never to kiss them." "San Helios City." "That's amazing." "But you've seen this sort of thing before, haven't you?" "Thousands of times." "That Lordship of yours..." "The Lord of where, exactly?" "Of Time." "I come from a race of people called Time Lords." " You're an alien?" " Yeah." "But you don't have to kiss me either." " You look human." " You look Time Lord." "Anyway!" "So if that's San Helios, all we need to do is find that city." "They can help us!" "I don't think it's that simple." "We're in the city right now." "But it's sand!" "That first image, the temples and things, what's that, then?" "Ancient history?" " The image was taken last year." " It became a desert in one year?" "I said there was something in the sand." "The city, the oceans, the mountains, the wildlife." "And 100 billion people." "Turned to sand." "All those voices in Carmen's head." "She's hearing them die." "But I've got sand in my hair." "That's dead people!" "Oh, that's disgusting!" "Oh!" "Something destroyed the whole of San Helois." "Yes, but in my hair!" "Malcolm!" "Tell me the bad news!" "Oh, you are clever!" "It is bad news!" "It's the wormhole, Doctor, it's getting bigger!" "We've gone way past 100 Bernards, I haven't invented a name for that." "How can it get bigger by itself?" "Well, that's why I'm phoning!" "You'll work it out, if I know you, sir." "Doctor, we estimate the circumference of your invisible wormhole is now four miles, heading upwards." "I've grounded all flights above London." "We can't risk anyone else falling through." "Good work, both of you." "But I have to know." "Does that wormhole constitute a danger to this planet?" "Oh, sorry, call waiting, gotta go." " Call waiting?" "!" " He's a devil, that one!" " Yep?" " Doctor, it's Nathan." "We got those duckboard things down, but..." "It's my fault." " No, it's not, don't say that." " What's happened?" "We kept on turning the engine, but..." "We're out of petrol." "Used it all up." "Even if we can get those wheels out..." "This bus is never going to move." "What is it, what's wrong?" "Doctor, tell me." "You promised you'd get us home." "Doctor?" "Are you still there?" "Doctor, tell me, what did he say?" "It's the probe." "It's reached the storm." " And what's he saying?" " It's not a storm." "It's a swarm." "Millions of them..." "Billions." "Ah!" "We've lost the probe." "I think it got eaten." " Everything on this planet gets eaten." " How far away is that swarm?" "Hundred miles." "But at that speed, it'll be here in twenty minutes." "No, they're not just coming for us." " They want the wormhole." " They're heading for Earth!" "Show the analysis." "Incredible!" "They swarm out of a wormhole, strip the planet bare, then move on to the next world." "Start the life cycle all over again." "So..." " they make the wormholes?" " They must do." "But how?" "They don't exactly look like technicians." "sand if the wormhole belongs to them, why are they 100 miles away?" "Because they need to be?" "No." "That's bonkers." "Hang on!" "Yes!" "Oh!" "Do you see?" "Billions of them, flying in formation, all around the planet." "Round and round and round, faster and faster and faster, till they generate a rupture in space!" "The speed of them, and the numbers, and the size... all of that rips the wormhole into existence." " Wormhole's getting bigger?" " Because they're getting closer!" "But how do they get through?" "Cos that wormhole's a killer, we've seen it!" "No, no, see the exo-skeleton?" "Metal." "They've got bones of metal!" "They eat metal, and extrude it into the exo-skeleton!" "So their velocity makes the wormhole, then their body makes it safe!" "Perfect design!" "Those things are going to turn the entire Earth into a desert." "So why exactly are you smiling?" "Worse it gets, the more I love it!" "Me too." "Sounds like a storm." "If it rains, we've got water." "No water." "All of it, dust." " But the girl..." " Don't now, sweetheart." "What girl?" "The girl..." "She will fly..." "The thing is, Doctor, you're missing the obvious." "We came here through the wormhole, yes?" "But our Tritovore friends didn't." "They came here to trade with San Helios." "Therefore, the question is, why did they crash?" "Ah, good question!" "What a team!" "Like she said, why did you crash?" "Oh, yes." "Gravity Well, look." "Goes all the way down to the engine." "So what happened?" "He says the drive system stalled." "Ten miles up, they fell out of the sky." "But what caused that?" " Which means, no idea." " Yeah." "But wait a minute, that's a crystal nucleus down there?" "And it looks like it survived the crash." "If the crystal's intact..." "Oh, yes, that's better than diesel!" "What, you can use the crystal to move the bus?" "I think so." "The spaceship's a write-off, but the 200's small enough." "How does a Crystal drive a bus?" "In a super-clever outer-spacey way, just trust me!" "There's the crystal!" "It's fallen to the bottom of the well." "Have you got access shafts?" "All frozen?" "Maybe I can open them!" "Internal comms, put that on." "You stay here, keep an eye on the shaft." "Tell me if anything happens." "If I can use that sunlight to start the automatic maintenance." "Christina?" "If you see a panel opening in that shaft, let me know." " Nothing yet." " Anything now?" " 'Fraid not." " Any sign of movement?" "Nope." "How's that?" " Nothing." " Any result?" "Not a dickie bird." "So let me get this right." "You need that crystal?" " Then consider it done." " Why, what d'you mean?" "Christina?" "Christina!" "The aristocracy survives for a reason." "We're ready for anything." "No!" "Come on!" "Come on, come on, come on!" "That's better." "I decide when I stop, thank you." "You're about to hit the security grid." "Look!" "Excellent." " So what do I do?" " Try the big red button." "Well done!" "Now come back up!" "I can do that." " Oh, don't you wish?" " Slowly!" "Yes, sir." "Quite the mystery, aren't you?" "Lady Christina de Souza." "Carrying a winch in her bag." "No stranger than you, spaceman." "I had this friend, once." "She called me spaceman." "And was she right?" "Do you zoom about the place in a rocket?" "Well, a little blue box." "Travels in more than space." "It can journey through time, Christina." "Oh, the places I've been." "World War One." "Creation of the universe, end of the universe, the war between China and Japan." "And... the Court of King Athelstan, in 924 AD." "But I don't remember you being there." "So what are you doing with this?" "Excuse me." "A gentleman never goes through a lady's possessions." "It's the Cup of Athelstan." "Given to the first King of Britain, as a coronation gift from Hywel," "King of the Welsh." "But it's been held in the International Gallery for 200 years, which makes you, Lady Christina, a thief." " I like to think I liberated it." " Don't tell me you need the money." "Daddy lost everything." "Invested his fortune in the Icelandic banks." "No, no, no, if you're short of cash, you rob a bank." "Stealing this, that's a lifestyle." "I take it you disapprove?" "Absolutely." "Except..." "That little blue box." "I stole it." "From my own people." "Good boy." "You were right." "We're quite a team." "What the blazes was that?" "We never did find out why the ship crashed." "Christina," " I think you should come back up." " Too late." " I can see it." " Careful." "Slowly." "Have you got an open-vent system?" " I thought so." " What does that mean?" "It's like when birds fly into the engines of an aircraft." "One of the creatures." "Got trapped in the vents." "Caused the crash." "Christina, get out." "It's not moving, I think it's injured." "No, it's dormant, because it's so cold down there." "But your body heat is raising the temperature." "I tend to have that effect." "Almost there." "Not just the crystal." "I need the whole bed, the plate thing." " I've got it!" " Come on, come on!" "Come on, come on, come on, come on!" "It's gonna eat its way up!" "Oh, she's good!" "That's it, that's it." "I've got you, I've got you!" "Isn't she just?" "Commander!" "Mission complete!" "Now we've got to get back to the 200, all of us." "Oh, don't be so daft!" "A captain can leave his ship, if there's a bus standing by." "What the hell was that?" "Is this place safe?" "It's the creature." "It's not dead." "Maybe you didn't hit just one of them." " If you hit a swarm..." " Do you mean there's more on board?" "This ship's built inside a metal sleeve." "They can move through the infrastructure, all around us." "And they wake up hungry." "You've got to come with us now!" "You can come back to Earth, we'll find you a home!" "And that's the word of a lady!" "Come on!" "No, don't!" "There's nothing we can do." "Run!" "What sort of storm is that?" "Run!" "Run, run, run, run, run!" "Doctor..." "Not now, Malcolm!" "Fair do's." "He's a busy man." "At last!" "Where've you been?" "!" "Get inside, get them sitting down." "Now then, let's have a look." " So what does that crystal do?" " Oh, nothing, don't need the crystal." "I risked my life for that!" "No no, you risked your life for these." "The clamps!" "One there." "One there." "One there." "And one there!" "But what are the clamps for?" "Do they turn the wheels?" "Something like that." "I just need to fix this." " Have you got a hammer in that bag?" " Funnily enough." "Phone, phone..." "Press redial." " Malcolm, it's me!" " I'm ready!" " Ready for what?" " I don't know!" "You tell me!" "I'll try to get back." "There might be something following us." "You need to close the wormhole." "Would that be a compressed burst of feedback on a counter-oscillation, perchance?" "Oh, Malcolm!" "You're brilliant!" "Coming from you, sir, that means the world." "Doctor, what sort of something?" "That wormhole is now measuring ten miles and growing." "I need to know the exact nature of the threat." "Sorry, gotta go." "All troops, mobilise and stand ready." "Possible Code Red." "Unknown!" "Understood." "Code Red!" "Repeat, Code Red unknown!" "Ah, it's not compatible!" "Bus, spaceship, spaceship, bus." "I need to weld the two systems together." " And how do you do that?" " I need something... non-corrosive, something malleable, something ductile, something..." "Gold." "Oh, no you don't." "Christina, what is it worth now?" " Hey, hey, use this!" " I said gold." " It is gold." " Oh, they saw you coming." "Christina!" "It's over 1,000 years old, worth £18 million." "Promise me you'll be careful." "I promise." "I hate you." "Done it!" "Transmit that, and the wormhole should close." "Then do it." "Well, after the Doctor's come through, obviously." "I'm sorry." "Believe me." "That wormhole constitutes a major threat, and I have a duty to every man, woman and child on this planet." "It's got to be closed immediately." " That's an order." " No, no, no." "No, we can't just abandon him!" "He's the Doctor!" "How many times has he saved our lives?" "I won't let you, ma'am." "I simply won't!" "Right now, soldier." "This is your driver speaking!" "Hold on tight!" "What for?" "What's he doing?" "Do as he says!" "What are you doing?" "Come on, that's it..." "You can do it, you beauty!" "One last trip!" "Ah, you are so kidding me!" "We're flying!" "It's flying!" "He's flying the bus!" "It's a miracle!" "Anti-gravity clamps." "Didn't I say?" "Round we go." "Doctor!" "They're coming!" "I will never surrender." "Never." "Do you think this thing will survive the journey back?" "Only one way to find out!" " Next stop..." " Planet Earth!" "It's London!" " We're back home!" " He did it!" "He did it!" "Captain!" "Captain!" "They're back!" "It's the bus, ma'am, it's come back and it's flying!" "Code Red!" "Fire at will!" "Malcolm!" "Close that wormhole!" "Yes, sir!" "My pleasure, sir!" "He's hung up on me!" "Oh, no, no!" "No!" " Malcolm?" " Not now, I'm busy." "He's hung up again!" " Malcolm!" "Listen to me!" " It's not working!" "I need that signal." "We've got billions of those things about to fly through!" "Well, what do I do?" "Loop it back through the integrator, and keep the signal ramping up." "But by how much?" "500 Bernards!" "Do it now!" "Yes!" "FIRE!" "YES!" "Target at nine o'clock!" "I don't believe it, guns that work!" "Doctor, it's coming for us!" "Oh, no, you don't!" "Twelve o'clock!" "Take it out!" " Cease fire!" " Cease fire!" "Arms down." "Did I say I hated you?" "I was lying." "Do not stand forward of this point." "Ladies and gentlemen, you have reached your final destination." "Welcome home, the mighty 200." "Welcome back." "If you could step away from the bus to be safe." "As fast as you can, thank you." "It's standard procedure." "We need to screen you, and then you'll all be taken to debriefing." "I don't count." " No, but Doctor..." " With me, thank you." "Doctor!" "You must be Malcolm!" "Oh, I love you." "I love you, I love you." "To your station, Doctor Taylor." "Yes, ma'am." "I love you!" "Doctor," "I salute you, whether you like it or not." "Now, I take it we're safe from those things?" "They'll start again." "Generate a new doorway." "It's not their fault, it's their natural life cycle." "But I'll see if I can nudge the wormholes on to uninhabited planets." "Closer to home, Captain, those two lads..." "Very good in a crisis." "Nathan needs a job, Barclay's good with engines." "You could do a lot worse." "Privates Nathan and Barclay, UNIT's finest." "I'll see what I can do." "And I've got something for you." "Better than a bus, any day!" "Hello!" "Found in the gardens of Buckingham Palace." "Oh, she doesn't mind." "Now, I've got three dead alien stingrays to clear up." "I don't suppose you fancy helping with the paperwork?" "Not a chance!" "Till we meet again, Doctor." "I hope so." "I said I'm back, Suzanne, I'm home!" "They didn't even know I was gone!" "That's quite enough of that!" "She is not getting away this time." "Little blue box!" "Just like you said!" "Right then, off we go!" "Come on, Doctor, show me the stars!" "No." "What?" "I said no." "But I saved your life." "And you saved mine." "So?" "We're surrounded by police." "I'll go to prison." "Yeah." "But you were right, it's not about the money." "I only steal things for the adventure, and today, with you..." "I want more days like this." "I want every day to be like this." "We're made for each other, you said so yourself." "The perfect team." "Why not?" "People have travelled with me and I've lost them?" "Lost them all." "Never again." "Lady Christina de Souza." "Oh, I have waited a long time to say this." "I am arresting you on suspicion of theft." "You do not have to say anything, etcetera, etcetera." "Dennison, take her away." "Doctor?" "You take care, now." "You too!" "Chops and gravy, lovely!" "No, but you be careful." "Because your song is ending, sir." "What do you mean?" "It is returning." "It is returning through the dark." "And then, Doctor..." "Oh, but then..." "He will knock four times." "No!" "Don't let her go!" "Stop that woman!" "Stop that woman!" "Stop her!" "Don't just stand there, stop her!" "Open the door!" "I'll add resisting arrest!" "I'd step back, if I were you." "I'm charging you too!" "Aiding and abetting!" "Yes, I'll just step inside this police box and arrest myself." "Out, now!" "No!" "Come back!" "Go on." "We could've been so good together." "Christina." "We were." "State your name, rank and intention." "They're on the roof." "Water always wins."
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenSubtitles"
}
|
I'm not into cars that much but I think that one came out very nice mate!
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
[False pulmonary metastases. Apropos of 8 cases].
The authors report the cases of 8 patients who had been, or were being, treated for pharyngo-laryngeal carcinoma (n = 7) or cancer of the bladder (n = 1). Because of the finding of one or several peripheral pulmonary opacities, these patients underwent exploratory thoracotomy which showed that these opacities corresponded to benign lesions instead of metastases of these cancers. This leads to a reappraisal of the diagnostic approach of pulmonary opacities in patients with known cancer, since benign lesions unrelated to the malignancy cannot be excluded. The need for an accurate diagnosis of these intrapulmonary lesions is emphasized, using various exploratory methods including thoracotomy if required.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
require('../../modules/es6.math.log10');
module.exports = require('../../modules/$.core').Math.log10;
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
# encoding: utf-8
require 'spec_helper'
describe Attribute::Tuple, '.new' do
subject { object.new(name, options) }
let(:object) { described_class }
let(:name) { :ids }
context 'with a Header' do
let(:options) { { header: header } }
let(:header) { Relation::Header.coerce([[:id, Integer]]) }
it { should be_instance_of(described_class) }
it 'sets the name' do
expect(subject.name).to be(name)
end
it 'does not freeze the options' do
expect(options).not_to be_frozen
expect { subject }.to_not change(options, :frozen?)
end
it 'sets the expected header' do
expect(subject.header).to be(header)
end
end
context 'with attributes' do
let(:options) { { header: header } }
let(:header) { [[:id, Integer]] }
it { should be_instance_of(described_class) }
it 'sets the name' do
expect(subject.name).to be(name)
end
it 'does not freeze the options' do
expect(options).not_to be_frozen
expect { subject }.to_not change(options, :frozen?)
end
it 'sets the expected header' do
expect(subject.header).to eql(Relation::Header.coerce(header))
end
end
context 'without a Header' do
let(:options) { {} }
specify { expect { subject }.to raise_error }
end
end
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
-----Original Message-----
From: Fitzgerald, Genia
Sent: Friday, September 21, 2001 1:49 PM
To: Heard, Marie
Subject: FW: Batter up........(your gonna love this)
-----
Dear Osama Bin Laden, Yasser Arafat, and Sadam Hussein, et.al.,
We are pleased to announce that we unequivocally accept your challenge to an
old-fashioned game of whoop-ass. Now that we understand the rule that there
are no rules, we look forward to playing by them for the first time.
Since this game is a winner-take-all, we unfortunately are unable to
invite you to join us at the victory celebration. But rest assured that we
will toast you -- LITERALLY.
While we will admit that you are off to an impressive lead, it is however
now our turn at the plate.
By the way, we will be playing on your court now.
Batter up.
Sincerely,
The 270,000,000 citizens of the United States of America
_________________________________________________________________
Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Enron Emails"
}
|
Survey and evaluation methods: smoking prevention among children and adolescents.
Past behavioral research on the special characteristics of tobacco smoking among children and adolescents is fraught with definitional ambiguities. More precise benchmarks of these age groups will facilitate mutually advantageous investigations. Researchers ought to agree on their target age cohorts. Too, investigators should account for the peculiar tobacco smoking patterns of children and adolescents who are research subjects. Finally, researchers should reach a consensus on how they categorize various kinds of young nonsmokers, smokers, and exsmokers. Recommendations put forth here are an attempt toward common parameters for researching tobacco use among American children and adolescents.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
“Sasquatch,” available now as a digital single, strikes a sweet spot between psychedelic folk and bluesy alt-rock with its banjo plucks, distorted power chords and harmonica blasts. “I can feel eyes watching over me,” Raye croons, adding a paranoid atmosphere to the track. “Hiding in the silence; there’s giants in the trees.”
Novoselic joked about the video’s low-budget approach in the YouTube comments. “I bought the property the video is filmed on. To pay for the production I cut all the trees and am now building a golf course on the land,” he wrote. “This video cost over $2 million to make. The reason is, it was shot on a soundstage and all of the flora is made from plastic, foam and other materials to get that natural look.”
Giants in the Trees formed last year after meeting through their mutual involvement with the local environmental organization Grange in Skamokawa, Washington. Thus far, the band has mostly played shows across their home state.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Promoting us or preventing them: regulatory focus and manifestations of intergroup bias.
Four studies examined whether situational and individual differences in individuals' regulatory focus influence how intergroup bias is expressed emotionally and behaviorally. Consistent with past findings on promotion focus, these studies found evidence that participants' promotion focus, whether measured or manipulated, was related to how extensively they demonstrated bias toward their ingroup in terms of cheerfulness- and dejection-related emotions and approach-related behaviors. Consistent with past findings on prevention focus, these studies also revealed that participants' prevention focus was related to how extensively they showed bias against an outgroup in terms of quiescence- and agitation-related emotions and avoidance-related behaviors. The implications for the self-regulatory functions of intergroup bias are discussed.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Genealogy Travel: How to Find Your Family Tree
Ed Hewitt started traveling with his family at the age of 10 and has since visited dozens of countries on six continents. He wrote for IndependentTraveler.com for more than 20 years, producing hundreds of columns on travel and offering his expertise on radio and television. He is now a regular contributor to SmarterTravel.
An avid surfer and rower, Ed has written about and photographed rowing competitions around the world, including the last five Olympic Games.
He's passing his love of travel on to the next generation; his 10-year-old son has flown some 200,000 miles already.
Visiting family may be the most common reason most people travel; even among independent and wide-ranging travelers, most still make regular trips to attend family reunions or visit parents, children or siblings.
Increasingly, folks are also traveling to visit family who are no longer around, in the form of genealogy travel (also known as “ancestry travel” or “family tree travel”). Genealogy travel involves making a trip to the land of your ancestors to research your family history. The Internet has made it easier than ever to find your family tree, but when the digital trail runs its course, many inquisitive travelers head to the towns, churches, streets and even houses of their forebears to learn more.
It may take months or years of research before you’re ready to visit your ancestral homeland, but when you’re ready the whole enterprise can be a great excuse to visit a place you might never have considered otherwise — and to which you will have a connection that you could never have imagined. Many travelers find genealogy trips to be among the most satisfying of their lives.
There are lots of special considerations for genealogy travel. Before you start booking your trip, the following information will prepare you for what lies ahead — or in the past, as the case may be.
More Than One Homeland
Unless your family came to its current home very recently, your ancestral ethnicity or nationality is likely a diverse mix. In my own household, tracing our backgrounds would require trips to Norway, Ireland, England, Scotland, Germany and Quebec (and then whatever country we found out the family Quebecois came from).
This may call for some tough choices once you get to the travel planning stage. Make sure you have exhausted resources at home to determine which location might yield the most information or emerges as more important to you personally based on the information you can find.
One location simply might end up sounding more attractive as a tourist destination; of all the potential ancestry travel destinations in our household, one family branch leading to the Lofoten Islands in Norway is especially enticing. Even if the research didn’t go all that well, we would still be in a really cool location.
What You Might Find
Genealogy research can dredge up all kinds of stuff, and you’ll want to be prepared for almost anything. Some find out they are descended from royalty, others that they are descended from criminals. You might find out a recent ancestor was adopted or even “illegitimate” (as the old terminology had it), which can shatter a lot of your more comforting assumptions about your family, and sometimes even about yourself (not to mention derail your research). Brace yourself for the truth being very different from what you might expect.
Related:
DNA Testing
As an aside, getting a DNA test is becoming more common for folks who are deeply serious about their family tree research, and it does have some implications for your potential travels. Family lore can sometimes be an unreliable guide, as it can be biased toward the most interesting ancestor or location — all it takes is one colorful uncle who kissed the Blarney Stone, and the story is handed down that the whole family is Irish. Then the DNA test results come in, and you’re Lithuanian.
If you are inclined to do a test before booking flights, the Legal Genealogist offers a good resource for choosing a DNA testing company.
Domestic Travel Opportunities
When most Americans think of traveling for family tree research, they think of the old homelands — but digging around stateside can be extremely satisfying and fruitful. Think of actually seeing your ancestor’s handwriting in a giant book from Ellis Island; it will be hard to find a more personal connection to a long-ago ancestor than something written in his or her own hand.
Additionally, the lives of more recent ancestors can be as interesting as those from distant countries. One of my great-grandfathers was a bootlegger who set up operations behind the Sunshine Park nudist colony, where he figured no one would rush to have a look around (although photographer Diane Arbus did, producing her famous snapshot of a Sunshine Park waitress). I am easily as interested in knowing more about this location as about where his father (my great-great-grandfather) lived in Germany.
Whether your research leads you to the Lofoten Islands or to a crumbling nudist resort in South Jersey, chances are it’s going to be interesting.
One more note on domestic travel: A few years ago I read about someone who visited an immigrant ancestor’s grave and discovered his original birthplace listed on the headstone. With that information, the search for the family homeland can become very specific indeed. Strongly consider stateside travel before you go abroad.
Genealogy Travel Tips
1. Try to find a local contact. Once you have a bead on where you need to visit, a local contact can help considerably, especially if you can find an actual family member. Many researchers use Facebook to search on family names in specific locations, then just reach out by email to see what happens; stories abound of finding direct relatives within hours.
2. Check ahead of time. Before you jet off to your family homeland to ransack a county clerk’s office, make sure in advance that there is actually a county clerk’s office to ransack. You will also want to make sure libraries and military/town/immigration offices are open, churches still exist and records are still where you expect them to be. ThoughtCo.com has a good list of questions to ask before you show up at a research facility.
3. See if tourism offices can help. Many countries and localities have noticed the surge in ancestry travel and offer specific information and assistance; in some cases there may be stateside historical associations that can help. Here are a few examples:
4. Find a tour guide. Tour guides who focus on ancestry research are popping up worldwide; do some Web searches for guides operating in the country/region/town you will visit. The closer they are to your final destination the better, as local knowledge will go far in this case.
Related:
5. Check national libraries and archives. Many offer very good ancestry resources; for example, stats indicate one in nine Americans have some Irish ancestry (including President Obama, who visited there in 2011), and Irish institutions have responded to the boom in roots seekers with dedicated genealogists in both the National Library and National Archives.
6. Avoid traveling with original documents. Many genealogists recommend making copies of any original documents you may have already found and leaving the originals at home.
7. Prepare to be sidetracked. Don’t overplan for a trip like this; a snippet of information on library microfilm might send you miles out of your way chasing new clues. Book hotels a night or two at a time and improvise from there.
8. Prepare to be disappointed. In researching this article, I was struck by how many folks were disappointed in what they found for one reason or another. Some found that their forebear’s villages were completely gone, replaced by shopping centers. Some found their relatives were not such great people. Sometimes the place was so harsh that they too wanted to escape to America.
9. Walk the land and breathe the air of your ancestors. If your family left the area long ago, get out of your car and walk a lot, in the same way they would have a century or two ago. No matter what you find, our travels are always enriched by matching our own footfalls to those of our forebears and predecessors.
When walking the stones of the Coliseum or the Acropolis, Angkor Wat or the Great Wall, it is almost impossible not to think of the truly rich tapestry of human beings who have walked there over thousands of years, which includes emperors, kings, presidents, slaves, and more — any of whom could be your remote relatives.
So while the point of your trip is to find information, don’t forget to inhabit the world of your ancestors as best you can. Take in the food, the air, the smells, the light at both ends of the day. Find the things that remain the same across centuries, and hold fast to those.
And remember that your ancestors didn’t get to see the things you see, either, and certainly didn’t get the chance to try to know you; take a moment to feel just a little bit lucky for all the microfilm and tour guides and air travel and Internet that brought you there.
Related:
Additional Genealogy Travel Resources
Setting off to find your family tree has never been easier, thanks to a growing number of websites that help get you started. Facebook and other social networking sites are increasingly used for ancestry research and contacts. There are also a few dedicated genealogy websites worth checking out:
Trending on Smarter Travel
SmarterTravel.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. SmarterTravel.com also participates in the SkimLinks and SkimWords affiliate programs.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
How to retrieve Name from Email Address
With javascript, how do we remove the @gmail.com or @aol.com from a string so that what only remains is the name?
var string = "johndoe@yahoo.com";
Will be just "johdoe"? I tried with split but it did not end well. thanks.
A:
var email = "john.doe@email.com";
var name = email.substring(0, email.lastIndexOf("@"));
var domain = email.substring(email.lastIndexOf("@") +1);
console.log( name ); // john.doe
console.log( domain ); // email.com
The above will also work for valid names containing @ (tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696Page 5)
john\@doe
"john@@".doe
"j@hn".d\@e
A:
You should take note that a valid email address is an incredibly sophisticated object and may contain multiple @ signs (ref. http://cr.yp.to/im/address.html).
"The domain part of an address is everything after the final @."
Thus, you should do something equivalent to:
var email = "johndoe@yahoo.com";
var name = email.substring(0, email.lastIndexOf("@"));
or even shorter,
var name = email.replace(/@[^@]+$/, '');
If you want both the name and the domain/hostname, then this will work:
var email = "johndoe@yahoo.com";
var lasta = email.lastIndexOf('@');
var name, host;
if (lasta != -1) {
name = email.substring(0, lasta);
host = email.substring(lasta+1);
/* automatically extends to end of string when 2nd arg omitted */
} else {
/* respond to invalid email in some way */
}
A:
And another alternative using split:
var email = "john.doe@email.com";
var sp = email.split('@');
console.log(sp[0]); // john.doe
console.log(sp[1]); // email.com
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Q:
AWS Load Balancing a Node.js App on port 3000
I've got a Node.js Express web app that is using the default port 3000 and responds fine on an Ubuntu EC2 instance by elastic ip. I'm trying to setup Load Balancing built into AWS and can't seem to get a good health check to pass
Setup 2 ubuntu servers that server the app fine on port 3000.
Set the load balancer listeners for port 80 to route to Instance port 3000 and also tried routing 3000 to 3000.
Added the amazon-elb/amazon-elb-sg security group to my instance security groups just in case.
Set the health check to port 80 and 3000 to many valid urls within the project.
Anything I'm missing here?
UPDATE:
Turns out it was the simplest thing I was overlooking. Somehow my actual instances were in a security group with only 80 opened and I just had to add a rule to open 3000. Can't believe I missed that.
A:
If you have the load balancer set up only to forward incoming requests on port 80 to port 3000 on the backend instances, then you shouldn't get any response when trying ports other than 80. If you are making the requests against port 3000 (i.e. http://yourdomain.com:3000/uri) you need to have your load balancer also forward incoming requests on port 3000 to port 3000 on the instances.
If you are using only port 3000 on the instances, then you need to make sure your health check points to port 3000. (i.e. TCP ping 3000, or HTTP to port 3000 against your /ping service).
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
# Литература
* Изучить книгу "Code Craft: The Practice of Writing Excellent Code" Pete Goodliffe ("Ремесло программиста" Питера Гудлифа). <br>
*Уделите внимание разделу "резюме" в конце каждой главы, а так же вопросам. На собеседовании будут задаваться случайные вопросы из разных глав.*
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Cliff Thornton
Clifford "Cliff" W. Thornton, Jr. (born January 16, 1945 in Hartford, Connecticut) is an American drug policy reform advocate and Green politician who served as one of the seven co-chairs of the Green Party of the United States.
Career
In 1995, Thornton founded efficacy-online.org, a non-profit organization, to educate about drug policy reform.
Thornton retired from Southern New England Telephone Corporation, in Connecticut in 1997 where he was a middle-level manager.
From 2003 to 2008, Thornton spoke to over 400,000 people on drug reform in 750 venues around the United States, Australia, Canada, Europe, and New Zealand. Thornton appeared on over 400 radio shows and numerous television spots on drug policy reform as it relates to health, race/class and economics. He is described as "America's foremost anti-Drug War African American activist" by Amherst College's online newspaper. Thornton also speaks on education, and health care.
In 2006, Thornton was the nominee of the Connecticut Green Party for Governor. He was the first African American candidate to appear on the general election ballot for Governor of Connecticut. In October 2006, Thornton was initially invited to a gubernatorial debate co-sponsored by the League of Women Voters and The Day newspaper of New London, before being uninvited due. His campaign received 9,583 votes for just under one percent of the overall vote.
In 2007, Thornton received the Robert C. Randall Award for Achievement in the Field of Citizen Action from the Drug Policy Alliance.
Thornton and his wife Margaret now live in Glastonbury, Connecticut. He has five daughters and two granddaughters. Thornton, an Army veteran, earned a bachelor's degree in Marketing from Waterbury's Post University in 1986.
Notes
External links
Efficacy, Mr. Thornton's drug policy reform site.
Category:1945 births
Category:Living people
Category:Drug policy reform activists
Category:Politicians from Hartford, Connecticut
Category:Connecticut Greens
Category:Green Party of the United States chairs
Category:21st-century African-American activists
Category:African-American people in Connecticut politics
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
package scalacl
package impl
// Ported from http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#samplecode/OpenCL_Parallel_Prefix_Sum_Example/
import scala.collection._
import com.nativelibs4java.opencl._
import scala.math._
import org.bridj._
import org.bridj.Pointer._
import com.nativelibs4java.util.IOUtils.readText
import scala.collection.JavaConversions._
class GroupedPrefixSum[A](
implicit val context: Context,
val dataIO: CLDataIO[A]
) {
val source: String = readText(Platform.getClassLoader(classOf[GroupedPrefixSum[_]]).getResourceAsStream("scalacl/impl/scan_kernel.cl"))
val devices = context.getDevices
val program = context.createProgram(source)
program.defineMacro("DATA_TYPE", dataIO.clType)
val kernels @ Array(
preScanKernel,
preScanStoreSumKernel,
preScanStoreSumNonPowerOfTwoKernel,
preScanNonPowerOfTwoKernel,
uniformAddKernel
) = Array(
"PreScanKernel",
"PreScanStoreSumKernel",
"PreScanStoreSumNonPowerOfTwoKernel",
"PreScanNonPowerOfTwoKernel",
"UniformAddKernel"
).map(n => program.createKernel(n))
val GROUP_SIZE = (Array(256) ++ kernels.flatMap(_.getWorkGroupSize.values.map(_.longValue.toInt)) ++ devices.map(_.getMaxWorkGroupSize.toInt)).min
//println("GROUP_SIZE = " + GROUP_SIZE)
val dataSize = dataIO.elementSize
val dataClass = dataIO.t.erasure.asInstanceOf[Class[A]]
val NUM_BANKS = (16)
private def IsPowerOfTwo(n: Int) =
((n & (n - 1)) == 0)
/*
private def floorPow2(n: Int) = {
var v = n
var ret = 0
while (v != 0) {
v = v >> 1
ret += 1
}
ret
} //*/
//*
// http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#IntegerLogObvious
private def floorLog2(n: Int) = {
var x = n
var ret = 0
if ((x & 0xffff0000) != 0) { ret += 16; x >>= 16; }
if ((x & 0x0000ff00) != 0) { ret += 8; x >>= 8; }
if ((x & 0x000000f0) != 0) { ret += 4; x >>= 4; }
if ((x & 0x0000000c) != 0) { ret += 2; x >>= 2; }
if ((x & 0x00000002) != 0) { ret += 1; }
ret
}
private def floorPow2(n: Int) =
1 << floorLog2(n)
//*/
@inline private def ceilFunc(elementCount: Int, groupSize: Int) =
max(1, ceil(elementCount / (2.0f * groupSize)).toInt)
private def CreatePartialSumBuffers(count: Int) = {
var group_size = GROUP_SIZE
var element_count = count
var level = 0
do {
val group_count = ceilFunc(element_count, group_size)
if (group_count > 1) {
level += 1
}
element_count = group_count
} while (element_count > 1)
val ScanPartialSums = new Array[CLBuffer[A]](level)
element_count = count
level = 0
do {
val group_count = ceilFunc(element_count, group_size)
if (group_count > 1) {
ScanPartialSums(level) = context.createBuffer(CLMem.Usage.InputOutput, dataClass, group_count)
level += 1
}
element_count = group_count
} while (element_count > 1)
ScanPartialSums
}
private def PreScanBufferRecursive(
ScanPartialSums: Array[CLBuffer[A]],
output_data: CLBuffer[A],
input_data: CLBuffer[A],
max_group_size: Int,
max_work_item_count: Int,
element_count: Int,
level: Int): Unit =
{
val group_size = max_group_size
val group_count = ceilFunc(element_count, group_size)
var work_item_count = 0
if (group_count > 1)
work_item_count = group_size
else if (IsPowerOfTwo(element_count))
work_item_count = element_count / 2
else
work_item_count = floorPow2(element_count)
work_item_count = if (work_item_count > max_work_item_count) max_work_item_count else work_item_count
val element_count_per_group = work_item_count * 2
val last_group_element_count = element_count - (group_count - 1) * element_count_per_group
var remaining_work_item_count = max(1, last_group_element_count / 2)
remaining_work_item_count = if (remaining_work_item_count > max_work_item_count) max_work_item_count else remaining_work_item_count
var remainder = 0
var last_shared = 0L
if (last_group_element_count != element_count_per_group) {
remainder = 1
if (!IsPowerOfTwo(last_group_element_count))
remaining_work_item_count = floorPow2(last_group_element_count)
remaining_work_item_count = if (remaining_work_item_count > max_work_item_count) max_work_item_count else remaining_work_item_count
val padding = (2 * remaining_work_item_count) / NUM_BANKS
last_shared = dataSize * (2 * remaining_work_item_count + padding)
}
remaining_work_item_count = if (remaining_work_item_count > max_work_item_count) max_work_item_count else remaining_work_item_count
val global = Array(max(1, group_count - remainder) * work_item_count, 1)
val local = Array(work_item_count, 1)
val padding = element_count_per_group / NUM_BANKS
val shared = dataSize * (element_count_per_group + padding)
val partial_sums = if (level >= ScanPartialSums.size) null else ScanPartialSums(level)
if (group_count > 1) {
preScanStoreSumKernel.enqueueNDRange(global, local)(
output_data,
input_data,
partial_sums,
new LocalSize(shared),
0, //group_index
0, //base_index
work_item_count * 2
)
if (remainder != 0) {
val last_global = Array(1 * remaining_work_item_count, 1)
val last_local = Array(remaining_work_item_count, 1)
preScanStoreSumNonPowerOfTwoKernel.enqueueNDRange(last_global, last_local)(
output_data,
input_data,
partial_sums,
new LocalSize(last_shared),
group_count - 1, // group_index,
element_count - last_group_element_count, // base_index,
last_group_element_count
)
}
PreScanBufferRecursive(ScanPartialSums, partial_sums, partial_sums, max_group_size, max_work_item_count, group_count, level + 1)
uniformAddKernel.enqueueNDRange(global, local)(
output_data,
partial_sums,
new LocalSize(dataSize),
0, //group_offset
0, //base_index
element_count - last_group_element_count
)
if (remainder != 0) {
val last_global = Array(1 * remaining_work_item_count, 1)
val last_local = Array(remaining_work_item_count, 1)
uniformAddKernel.enqueueNDRange(last_global, last_local)(
output_data,
partial_sums,
new LocalSize(dataSize),
group_count - 1, //group_offset
element_count - last_group_element_count, //base_index
last_group_element_count
)
}
}
else if (IsPowerOfTwo(element_count)) {
preScanKernel.enqueueNDRange(global, local)(
output_data,
input_data,
new LocalSize(shared),
0, //group_index
0, //base_index
work_item_count * 2
)
}
else {
preScanNonPowerOfTwoKernel.enqueueNDRange(global, local)(
output_data,
input_data,
new LocalSize(shared),
0, //group_index
0, //base_index
element_count
)
}
}
def prefixSum(input_buffer: CLBuffer[A], evtsToWaitFor: CLEvent*): (CLBuffer[A], CLEvent) =
{
val count = input_buffer.getElementCount.toInt
val output_buffer = context.createBuffer(CLMem.Usage.InputOutput, dataClass, count)
(output_buffer, prefixSum(input_buffer, output_buffer, evtsToWaitFor:_*))
}
def prefixSum(input_buffer: CLBuffer[A], output_buffer: CLBuffer[A], evtsToWaitFor: CLEvent*): CLEvent =
{
assert(input_buffer != null, "null input buffer")
assert(output_buffer != null, "null output buffer")
val count = input_buffer.getElementCount.toInt
assert(output_buffer.getElementCount == count, "invalid output buffer size (expected " + count + ", got " + output_buffer.getElementCount + ")")
if (context.queue.isOutOfOrder)
CLEvent.waitFor(evtsToWaitFor:_*) // TODO use these events
// TODO remove this
//output_buffer.write(context.queue, allocateArray(dataClass, count), true)
var ScanPartialSums = CreatePartialSumBuffers(count)
PreScanBufferRecursive(
ScanPartialSums,
output_buffer,
input_buffer,
GROUP_SIZE,
GROUP_SIZE,
count,
0
)
ScanPartialSums.map(_.release)
if (context.queue.isOutOfOrder)
context.queue.finish // TODO return events !
null
}
}
object GroupedPrefixSum {
private val cache = new mutable.HashMap[(Context, Class[_]), GroupedPrefixSum[_]]
def apply[A](implicit context: Context, dataIO: CLDataIO[A]) = cache synchronized {
cache.getOrElseUpdate((context, dataIO.t.erasure), new GroupedPrefixSum[A]).asInstanceOf[GroupedPrefixSum[A]]
}
/*
def main(args: Array[String]) {
implicit val context = Context.best(CPU)
val n = 10
val inputValues = allocateInts(n).as(classOf[Int])
for (i <- 0 until n)
inputValues(i) = i
val scanner = GroupedPrefixSum[Int]
val inputBuffer = context.createBuffer(CLMem.Usage.InputOutput, inputValues, true)
val (outputBuffer, evt) = scanner.prefixSum(inputBuffer)
CLEvent.waitFor(evt)
val expectedValues = (0 until n).scanLeft(0)(_ + _)
val outputValues = outputBuffer.read(context.queue)
for (i <- 0 until n)
println("At " + i + ", expected " + expectedValues(i) + ", got " + outputValues(i))
}
*/
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
HC Dobrogea Sud Constanța
HC Dobrogea Sud Constanța is a handball team from Constanța, Romania, formed in July 2015 after the extinction of HCM Constanța (due to high debts that the club had accumulated). After one year in the second division, the team was promoted to the Liga Națională.
Honours
Liga Națională
Runners-up (1): 2019
Team
Current squad
Squad for the 2019–20 season
Goalkeepers
1 Ionuț Iancu
16 Dan Vasile
88 Karim Handawy
Left Wingers
7 Alexandru Andrei
18 Vencel Csog
Right Wingers
5 Ionuț Nistor
19 Fábio Chiuffa
Line players
23 Zoran Nikolić
33 Nebojša Simović
34 Daniel Susanu
66 Marius Mocanu
Left Backs
8 Irakli Chikovani
10 Gabriel Ilie
20 Ciprian Sandru
Central Backs
44 Ionuț Rotaru
51 Sabin Ignat
Right Backs
4 Dejan Malinović
Coaching Staff
Staff for the 2019–20 season
HCM Constanța
HCM Constanța was founded in 2002 and extinguished in 2015.
Honours
Liga Națională (9):
Gold: 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
Cupa României (6):
Winners: 2006, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2018
Supercupa României (5):
Winners: 2008, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2017
EHF Cup:
Fourth place: 2014
EHF Cup Winners' Cup:
Semifinalists: 2006
Quarterfinalists: 2007, 2009
EHF Challenge Cup:
Semifinalists: 2004
Famous players
Mihai Popescu
Ionuț Stănescu
Laurențiu Toma
Marius Sadoveac
Alexandru Csepreghi
George Buricea
Marius Stavrositu
Bogdan Criciotoiu
Dalibor Čutura
Nemanja Mladenović
Nikola Crnoglavac
Mladen Rakčević
Stevan Vujović
Branislav Angelovski
Nikola Mitrevski
Velko Markoski
Viachaslau Saldatsenka
Janko Kević
References
External links
HC Dobrogea Sud Official website
Category:Romanian handball clubs
Category:Sport in Constanța
Category:Handball clubs established in 2015
Category:2015 establishments in Romania
Category:Liga Națională (men's handball)
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
(written from a Production point of view Real World article
Investigating a planet surrounded by a powerful energy field, the crew of the Defiant discovers their own descendants, and learns that in two days they will crash two hundred years in the past.
Contents show]
Summary
Teaser
Odo, Kira Nerys, and Jadzia Dax sit having breakfast in the mess hall of the USS Defiant. Lieutenant Commander Dax states that she can't wait to sleep in her own bed, remarking on the uncomfortable bunks on the Defiant. Major Kira says that she could use a visit to the Golian Spa. Dax comments that Kira and Shakaar should both go, to which Kira says that she and Shakaar aren't seeing each other anymore. Odo, who has had feelings for Kira for a long time, asks about the breakup. Kira says that she and Shakaar went to the Kenda Shrine on Bajor to ask the Prophets if they were meant to walk the same path. Upon hearing that the Prophets said no, Dax remarks that Kira makes it sound so cut and dried. Kira responds that people are either meant to be together or not. Dax states that any relationship can work if the partners really work at it. Odo, still contemplating the ramifications of the conversation, says that he has no opinion on the subject and hastily leaves. Kira wonders if he is all right and Dax reminds her that the subject of relationships has always made Odo uncomfortable. Odo stands outside the mess hall alone and absorbs what Kira just said.
Later, on the bridge of the Defiant, mugs of raktajino are being passed around to everyone. Captain Benjamin Sisko declines, saying that he is trying to cut down. Chief Miles O'Brien then begins talking about a doll house he is making for Molly's birthday, lamenting the fact that even with a micro-lathe he might not get it done in time. Commander Dax then begins to get some readings on her console. An energy barrier of some kind is encasing the fourth planet of a nearby star system. Major Kira begins scanning and states that there could be lifeforms on the surface of the planet, but the interference from the energy barrier is making it difficult to be certain. Dax seems more interested, wanting to know how the lifeforms adapted to the quantum fluctuations in the barrier. While it is an intriguing scientific possibility, O'Brien wants to push off an investigation until the next time they go by this planet. Dax says that the interference is intensifying so that in a few weeks, a probe would not make it through the barrier. Dax knows that everyone wants to go home, but this is the only chance to make a survey. After ordering modifications to the shields, Sisko gives the go ahead.
As the Defiant enters the barrier, the ship starts to shake. Dax tries to adjust the shields, but the shaking gets more violent. Energy begins to arc across the bridge consoles and Major Kira is struck by a discharge. While caught in the energy, it appears as if there were two Kiras, slightly out of phase with each other. After a moment, the energy dissipates and the ship is through the barrier. Sisko calls Dr. Julian Bashir to the bridge to check on Kira. O'Brien then tells the captain that the inertial dampers are off-line and the gyromagnetic stabilizers have depolarized, stranding the Defiant in orbit for a few days. Suddenly, Lieutenant Commander Worf says that they are being hailed from the surface. Upon scanning the surface he also reports that there are several settlements on the planet, with approximately eight thousand inhabitants – Human inhabitants. Stunned, Sisko answers the hail. On the viewscreen, a Human woman and a Trill man welcome them to Gaia, calling Captain Sisko by name. The woman says that they have been expecting them. The man speaks up, saying it is a long story. He invites them to beam down and talk about it over some raktajino, and then catches himself. "I forgot. You're trying to cut down."
Sisko, Dax, Worf, and O'Brien beam down into a cluster of adobe-like buildings, surrounded by farmland. Children who were playing a game with a ball stop and stare at the newcomers. The two people who made the hail introduce themselves as Miranda O'Brien and Yedrin Dax. Sisko asks for an explanation. Miranda tells them that the settlement was founded by the crew of a Starfleet vessel that crashed on the planet two centuries prior. She reveals that the ship that crashed was the USS Defiant. In two days, when Captain Sisko tries to leave orbit, Miranda says that they will be thrown back two hundred years into the past. The people they see now are the crew's descendants.
Act One
Yedrin sees that the Starfleet officers are skeptical and tells Jadzia to scan him. With her tricorder, she finds the Dax symbiont in Yedrin. It was passed down to Jadzia's descendants for three generations. He also tells her to scan Miranda. Jadzia finds that Miranda's DNA is similar to Miles', making her an O'Brien. Miranda also states that she is also a Tannenbaum, a descendant of Rita Tannenbaum, an ensign on the Defiant's engineering crew. Miranda then relates to Miles that they were trapped two hundred years in the past without any chance of seeing their families or friends. Yedrin says that Miles was the last to give up hope, but he eventually married Rita ten years after the Defiant crashed. Yedrin still sees doubt on Sisko's face and offers to tell him something that only Curzon would know. He begins a story about a dancer on Pelios Station, but Sisko cuts him off as both Yedrin and Jadzia smile knowingly. A young boy named Gabriel asks Worf if he is the son of Mogh and if he can kill someone just by looking at them. Worf responds "Only when I am angry." The boy's eyes get wide and he runs off.
Miranda then directs them into a nearby structure. As they enter, two girls are sitting at a table near a viewscreen, salvaged from the bridge of the Defiant. The girls are doing schoolwork with the help of the image of Quark. Yedrin says that Jadzia designed the educational program, saying she thought Quark would make a great math teacher. Jadzia comments on one of the girl's spots. Lisa says that most people don't have them as most of their ancestors were Human. She says that they make her special. The other girl, Molly, says it is just genetics, like Torvin's cranial ridges. Miles is taken aback at the name of the girl and Yedrin says that the name was passed down through the O'Brien line. Worf asks if they ever tried to send out a distress call. However, being two hundred years in the past, the Bajoran wormhole undiscovered, and in the Gamma Quadrant, it was never done. Lisa then says that their ancestors decided to make the planet their new home, naming it Gaia. Molly gets in on the story saying that their ancestors needed to build a shelter quickly before winter came. The structure they are in was built and all forty-eight crewmen had to sleep in it.
Sisko seizes on the number and confronts Yedrin. Yedrin explains that the energy discharge that struck Kira damaged her neural pathways. The Defiant doesn't have advanced enough medical equipment that Bashir needs to repair the damage, and therefore Kira died a few weeks after the crash. Miranda tells the girls to leave, to spare them from an adult conversation, and sends them to their parents to help with the planting. Sisko states that they need to get Kira back to the station as soon as the Defiant is repaired. Yedrin agrees. Worf says that if they escape from the planet, the inhabitants' timeline will collapse and everything will cease to exist. Yedrin, however, says that he has a plan. The key was Kira. The energy discharge caused a subspace doubling effect. He says that for an instant, every molecule in Kira's body had a corresponding quantum duplicate. If certain modifications to the Defiant's systems were made, they could amplify the doubling effect and duplicate the entire ship. One ship would be sent back in time and one would pass through the barrier unaffected. From the logs he retrieved, Yedrin says that the Defiant encountered a temporal anomaly thirty-nine hours after arriving in orbit. Yedrin says that there are eight thousand people on the planet and this plan is their only choice. Sisko orders Jadzia to evaluate the plan and, if it is sound, begin the modifications. Yedrin thanks Sisko, to which Sisko says "Anything for you… Old man."
Back aboard the Defiant, Kira is resting on a bio-bed in sickbay while Bashir is scanning a vat containing Odo. He puts Odo into a stasis device, telling Kira that because of the quantum fluctuations in the barrier, Odo can't hold his shape. Bashir says that Odo will be fine, but Kira needs to undergo a complete neural pathway induction when they get back to the station. Kira says that she feels fine. As he turns to leave, Kira asks where he is going. Bashir states that he wants to go down to the planet and meet his descendants. Kira looks at the stasis device, and turns when the doors open to admit a person who looks like Odo. He is dressed like the colonists and his facial features are more defined, but it is Odo, two hundred years older than the one sitting in the device. Odo explains that he learned to counter the barrier's effects and that he has gotten better at shape-shifting over the years. Odo then says that she is as beautiful as he remembered. Kira is somewhat shocked by this, and is even more shocked when Odo says that he loves her and has always loved her.
Act Two
Kira begins questioning Odo about this revelation, saying that she never knew. Odo did everything he could to make sure she didn't find out. Kira begins saying how hard it must have been for him every time she came to him for advice about Bareil and Shakaar. Odo says that he wanted to be a good friend. He has been waiting two hundred years to say this, and all he wants is for Kira to spend some time with him on Gaia.
Back on the planet, Sisko is meeting some of his descendants, holding a baby. Miranda says that the child has Sisko's eyes. Jadzia then calls Sisko with good news: she has gone over the sensor logs and Yedrin's plan will work. Sisko then holds the baby over his head and talks to her "Everything's going to be all right."
Nearby, Worf is inspecting the town well as Bashir walks up to him. Worf is making a survey of the settlement's infrastructure at the captain's request so that they can leave behind supplies. Bashir says that he was doing the same at the clinic. Bashir appears overly pleased with himself. He has met one of his descendants, his great-great-great-great-granddaughter – the doctor of the settlement. Suddenly, Gabriel comes running up to them shouting that "They're here!" The Klingons have arrived.
Three people are standing in the street, holding spears and wearing knives. Two of the Klingons appear Human, while the other only has faint forehead ridges. Brota greets Worf and states that they are the Sons of Mogh. They are Worf's descendants, some by blood and some by choice. They live as warriors. Gabriel then says that he wants to become a Son of Mogh, to which Parell says that when he is older, he can prove himself and take a Klingon name. Brota says that the Sons of Mogh are gathering to celebrate Worf's return. Worf honors them by saying he will feast with them.
In engineering, Jadzia and Yedrin are working on modifying the Defiant's systems. Yedrin smiles as Jadzia adjusts her hair, remembering that the summer after the crash, Jadzia cut it short and that Worf hated it. Yedrin then remembers promising to grow it back for the wedding, which Sisko performed. As they talk about the wedding, Jadzia asks if they were happy. Yedrin says that Worf is a good man, and that in time she will learn to handle him.
Back on Gaia, Miles is installing a new pump for the town well as Bashir stands talking with him. People from the Defiant are talking with their descendants, which disturbs him. Bashir is going on about his descendants and says that he ends up with Ensign Angie Kirby, a new crewman who just transferred aboard. Bashir then begins to talk about Miles and Rita Tannenbaum. Miles rounds on Bashir and states he doesn't want to talk about it. "I have a wife and kids back home." Seeing that he has touched on a sensitive subject, Bashir leaves Miles to his work, while Lisa and Molly look and laugh at him nearby.
Elsewhere on Gaia, Kira is praying over her own grave while Odo looks on. As Kira finishes, she comments "Praying over your own grave… that's got to be a new one." Odo says that if the Prophets were listening, they might be confused. Kira then talks about Yedrin's plan, saying that it is a little strange. She has always believed that people have one path to follow and now, they are using technology to circumvent that. Odo says that he is in favor of the plan, Kira would get her treatment and the Gaia's timeline would get preserved. He then goes on to say that even though the plan won't change anything for him, the Odo on the Defiant won't have to lose her. Kira is touched by this.
Back at the settlement, Sisko and some children are tossing a baseball around. Jadzia walks up with a PADD and doesn't look happy. She presents evidence to Sisko that Yedrin faked the logs so that the crew would think that his plan would work. There was never going to be a duplicate Defiant, just one. If Jadzia hadn't figured it out, they would have been stranded and Kira would have died.
Act Three
In the meeting hall, Sisko and Jadzia have confronted Yedrin. Jadzia accuses Yedrin of betraying them. Yedrin asks what they will do. When Sisko tells him, Yedrin pleads with him saying that if the Defiant doesn't go back in time, eight thousand people will simply cease to exist. Sisko explains that he can't deliberately maroon his crew. Yedrin tells Sisko to look around, see all of the things that his crew and their descendants will build. Jadzia asks about Kira, to which Yedrin asks if one life is too much to ask if it would mean saving eight thousand. Sisko explodes at Yedrin, demanding to know how he can make that decision. Yedrin replies saying that he is responsible, and looks to Jadzia. She was the one that insisted that the Defiant investigate the planet. She knew that she should have been more careful, but she wanted to make a huge discovery. And because of that, the Defiant was sent to the past, Kira died, and forty-eight people were stranded. Yedrin tells of guilt that has been passed down through Dax. He says that the community is his responsibility, and that for two centuries he has watched it grow. Sisko is moved by Yedrin's plight, but says that his people have a right to go home to their families and no one has the right to ask anyone to die.
Later that night, Worf and Kira are sitting near a fire pit. They both do not like what is going to happen. Although the colonists are milling around, the mood is somber. Only the children seem unaffected. Kira comments that everyone is going to die because she has to get treated for something she can't even tell she has. Worf tells her not to blame herself and Kira moves off to return to the Defiant. Nearby, Miranda is tending some plantings and seedlings. Gabriel mentions that everyone is quiet and asks what is wrong. Miranda tells him it is nothing to worry about, not able to tell him the truth. As Gabriel leaves, the Klingons approach Worf and tell him that there will be no feast. Worf asks them to join him at the fire. He tells them of the honor to know that his legacy has thrived. Brota tells of a beast that he killed with Worf's own mek'leth. They then tell him that their ceasing to exist will not earn them a place in Sto-vo-kor. They all then unsheathe their daggers and ask Worf to kill them. Worf hesitates, but then tells them that he will do what they ask tomorrow.
Kira is back at her grave. Odo finds her and asks her why she came back. She wanted to be sure that this was where she belonged. As she looks at him, she says that the path the Prophets have laid out for her ends on Gaia. Odo protests, but Kira stops him. She can't let the captain go through with his plan if it means that eight thousand people will cease to exist, even if she has to.
Act Four
Sisko, Jadzia, Worf, Bashir, and Miles are sitting in the Defiant's mess hall, hearing what Kira has said. Bashir reminds her that if she doesn't go back to the station for treatment soon, she will die. Kira says that she has accepted this and if they don't take the Defiant back in time, they would be cheating fate. Miles dismisses this, saying he has a wife and children back on the station who need him. Kira states that the Prophets will take care of them, but Miles responds that he doesn't believe in them. Worf then comments that their families will survive either way, but the colonists will not. He says that if Kira is willing to sacrifice her life, he would be willing to remain on Gaia. Miles still refuses to consider staying and tells Worf that it would be easy for him, he never sees his son. Worf bristles as he tells Miles that he is afraid to face his destiny. As Miles continues to get exasperated, he turns to Jadzia, Bashir, and Sisko. He tells them that no one has the right to tell him that he can't go home to his family. When Sisko says that he is hearing what everyone has to say, Miles asks if they are actually considering going back in time. Sisko seems unsettled by the arguments, but finally turns to Kira to say that they are not. Kira protests, but Sisko is adamant as he dismisses them.
As Jadzia and Worf are walking through the settlement on Gaia, they contemplate what they are going to do. They come upon Sisko who is getting one last look around. Suddenly Gabriel comes running around the corner, almost hitting Sisko. When asked where he is going, Gabriel tells them that he is going to the fields for the planting. As the three Starfleet officers round the next corner, they see several colonists getting ready to go to the fields. Yedrin sees them and says that planting day was always important.
Out in the fields, the colonists and most of the Defiant's crew are working at the various tasks of farming; plowing, fertilizing, planting and watering. Miles walks up, not doing any of the work, to give Sisko a status report. He says that the Defiant is ready to leave orbit. Molly, who is nearby, asks Miles if he is going to help. Miles says that he is busy, to which Molly says that he doesn't look busy. Sisko hands Miles a farming tool and tells him to get to work. People all around then notice that Worf is leading some of the Klingons towards them. Parell and Brota say that they do not see any enemy to fight, as Worf had told them. Worf says that they are trying to plant their fields before the sun sets and that time is their enemy. The Klingons exchange a look, and realize that Worf is offering them a challenge. The Klingons then join the colonists in their toil.
As Miles is working, he tells Molly that he has a little girl with the same name. When Molly asks if she can meet her, Miles looks sad knowing it can never happen. Moved by Molly, Miles goes to find Sisko and Kira. Miles tells them that they can't leave, they can't let all these people die. Sisko nods in agreement after a moment while Kira smiles sadly.
Act Five
After their labors in the field, Sisko and Jadzia have told Yedrin and Miranda about their decision. Yedrin hands Jadzia a PADD which contains the navigational logs from the original crash. All Jadzia has to do is download them into the ship's auto-pilot and it should send the Defiant back to the right point in time.
On the Defiant, Odo is saying goodbye to Kira. Odo is trying to talk Kira out of her decision. She says that her decision isn't based on her, it is about all of the colonists and their descendants. Odo asks about the descendants that won't be born if the Defiant doesn't return to DS9 but seeing he can't change her mind, asks that if Kira knew about his feelings years ago would she do things differently. As Kira says that it maybe would have, she kisses him and turns to leave.
On the bridge, the crew is at their posts. Sisko asks if everyone has had a chance to record a message to their families. Everyone nods and Miles says that he has downloaded the recordings into a class 4 probe that will start transmitting a locating signal as soon as it clears the barrier. As the probe launches, Sisko orders helm control to be transferred to auto-pilot. The shields are raised as the Defiant breaks orbit. Scans show an unusual temporal signature, the anomaly that will take them back in time. The seconds count down as the Defiant heads towards impact when suddenly the ship veers away. The auto-pilot can't be overridden and the ship clears the barrier, emerging in normal space with the planet and the barrier behind the ship. Miles consults his console and reports that someone changed their flight plan, and that he didn't do it. Sisko orders a scan of the surface and Kira reports that there is no sign of the settlement or the inhabitants. Everything is gone.
Sisko and Jadzia are walking down a corridor as they discuss what happened. Whoever changed the flight plan knew their way around the Defiant's security systems. Jadzia says that it must have been one of the crew. Sisko then says that it could be someone who used to be part of the crew. This leads to them suspecting Yedrin, but Jadzia states that all he cared about was the settlement. Sisko supposes that he could have changed his mind. Perhaps seeing everyone again made him decide not to let them go through with the plan, Sisko says. When Jadzia voices her lament that everyone they had met never existed, Sisko corrects her saying "They existed. And as long as we remember them, they always will."
An upset Kira is lying on her bed in her quarters when the door chimes. In walks Odo, who says that the other Odo came up to the ship and linked with him. Now he knows everything that the other Odo had told Kira. She remarks on his reactions from earlier when she talked of Shakaar. Odo had come to accept the fact that Kira was involved with someone else when suddenly all of that changed. Odo then tells her something else that the other Odo wanted her to know. He was responsible for changing the flight plan so that Kira didn't have to die. Kira is shocked by this and Odo says that the other Odo did it because he loved her. When she asks if that makes it right, he replies that he doesn't know but the other Odo thought so. Odo leaves her quarters as she considers everything that has happened.
Memorable quotes
"I've always thought Quark would make a great math teacher."
- Yedrin Dax
"Praying over your own grave. That's got to be a new one."
- Kira, standing over her gravesite on Gaia
"Are you the son of Mogh?"
"Yes, I am."
"Is it true you can kill someone just by looking at them?"
"Only when I am angry."
- Gabriel and Worf, at their first meeting
"They existed. As long as we remember them, they always will."
- Sisko, to Dax
"You said there was an enemy for us to fight."
"They are attempting to plant their fields before the sun sets. Time is their enemy. We should help them defeat it."
- Brota and Worf
"There's something else the other Odo wanted you to know: he was responsible for changing the Defiant's flight plan."
"Why?"
"So that you wouldn't have to die."
"I can't believe it! Eight thousand people!"
"He did it for you, Nerys, he loved you."
"That makes it right?!?"
"I don't know. He thought so."
- the present day Odo and Kira
"Alright we'll make a quick survey, but if all we detect is some fungus, we're not beaming down."
"What if it's smart fungus?"
- Sisko and Dax
Background information
Story and script
Production
The planting scenes were filmed at Ahmanson Ranch, near Ventura, California, but on the day of the shoot, there were gale force winds, and equipment trucks had to be used as wind blocks. It was so cold, that the crew were all wearing snow jackets, but the actors had to wear shirt-sleeves because it was supposed to be a beautiful day. Between takes, the actors had to be sprayed down to make it look like they were sweating. ( Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Companion )
) This episode is the first episode of Star Trek to feature the use of a freestanding ladder. ( Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Companion )
to feature the use of a freestanding ladder. ( ) Paul Baillargeon composed the music for the episode. Referring to the score of the scene where the Defiant crew help the Gaians to farm; Baillargeon commented: "I did something where I did a whole cue where I got into a fugue-type thing that's nearly a jig. That's a perfect example of something I'd never heard on a Star Trek show. So I tried it and they said hey, that's very nice. But that could have been a no-no. I didn't know what to expect. The worst thing that could happen is they'd tell me you're really going overboard and it sounds like an ancient fair. It's not medieval but it's like Prokofiev stuff, a lot of flutes, a lot of violins". (The Music of Star Trek, p 194)
Reception
Mark A. Altman ranked the episode among the best of the series. ( Cinefantastique volume 36, 2003)
volume 36, 2003) Neither Nana Visitor nor Rene Auberjonois were overly happy with how their characters were written in this episode. According to Visitor, "I'm not a huge fan of that whole romantic storyline. I think it's much more interesting to have a real deep friendship without it becoming physical. I would have liked Odo and Kira to stay like that. I did think this episode was brilliant. But it isn't one of my favorites, because I just wasn't crazy about my part in it." Auberjonois was also a little displeased with his part; "He allows an entire civilization to just disappear in a blink. He could rationalize it because of his love, but it's a big thing. It's tricky. I'm still not sure about it, or what kind of message it sent to the audience." Ronald D. Moore, however, has the answer; "It tells the audience how deeply this man can love. He can love to the point that he will sacrifice an entire world for a woman." (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Companion)
Trivia
Remastered version
Remastered footage from the episode is featured in the documentary What We Left Behind.
Apocrypha
To convince Sisko that he is who he claims to be, Yedrin mentions a particular dancer that both Ben and Curzon Dax met on Pelios Station, which was previously alluded to in " Facets ". The short story "The Music Between the Notes", from The Lives of Dax compilation, tells the full story of Sisko, Dax and the dancer.
Video and DVD releases
Starring
Also starring
Guest stars
Co-stars
Uncredited co-stars
References
Alpha Quadrant; auto-pilot; Bajor; Bajoran wormhole; Bareil Antos; beast; blood; chattel; class 4 probe; dancer; Dax, Curzon; DNA; dollhouse; fall; farm animal; field; flight plan; founder; fungus; furniture; Gaia; Gamma Quadrant; generation; gelm bread; gift; Golian Spa; grandfather's great-great-great-grandfather; gyromagnetic stabilizer; heart; honor; inertial damper; Kenda Shrine; kerripate; Klingon; Kirby, Angie; maimed; marooning; mek'leth; meter; micro-lathe; milking; Mogh; navigational log; neural pathway; neural pathway induction; neural tissue; O'Brien, Keiko; O'Brien, Kirayoshi; O'Brien, Molly; "Old Man"; operating table; path; Pelios Station; portable generator; Prophets; quantum duplicate; quantum fluctuation; raktajino; replicator; Rozhenko, Alexander; security protocol; Shakaar Edon; shield generator; shield harmonics; Sisko, Jake; Sons of Mogh; southern peninsula; Southern peninsula settlements; Sto-vo-kor; summer; sunset; tessipate; torga; tricorder; Torvin; warrior; wedding; winter; yar-bear; yelg melon
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"7.92GB; 1280x688; 23.976fps.; x264; ac3-5.1" "[Narrator] The future:" "The polar ice caps have melted, covering the Earth with water." "Those who survived have adapted... to a new world." "[Gargling]" "[Metal Clangs]" "[Whistles]" "I didn't board you." "I wouldn't do that." "You were down there a long time." "The hull's busted." "Holes so big, there's room to breathe." "Bad luck, English." "But the Slavers are producing a good grade of poxy these days." "Cost you a handful of dirt..." "or maybe that wind chime." " What are you doin' here?" " Just waiting." "Take your hand off the sail." "Take it off!" "I've seen your boat before." "Haven't seen you." "Took it legal." "Previous owner was dead on the tiller when I found it." "You had another hour before I traded up again." "[Laughing] Just improving my means." " Well, I owe you then." " No, thanks." "I got all the supplies I need." "Just came from an atoll." "Eight days east, if you're interested." " Two drifters meet, something needs to be exchanged." " I know the code." "But I'll give you this one for free." "Nothing's free in Waterworld." "Ha-ha." "Yeah." "Smokers." "Just enough wind to get away clean." "[Drifter] Forget the bag." "It's not worth it." "You'll never make it with your sails down." "Hey!" "[Laughing]" "[Gobbling Sound, Laughing]" "What can I say?" "[Laughing]" " Joe, he's goin' for it." " What the hell?" "Never seen that before." "Here we go!" "Go!" "Drive!" "Drive!" "Faster!" "Faster!" "Whoo!" "Come on!" "He's gonna get it!" "He's gonna get it!" " Pick her up!" " Get it!" "Get it!" "[Indistinct Shout]" "[Curses In Hindi]" "Oh, no!" "[Shouting, Gunfire]" "[Screaming]" "Inbound!" "Straight out from the gates." "English." "Flag's down, drifter." "We got enough traders." "[Murmuring]" "Dirt." "Open the gates!" "[Man Coughing, People Chattering]" "[Man] Bones to berries." "Veins to vine." "These tendons to trees." "This blood to brine." "Too old she was." "This woman does leave us, recycled and enshrined... in the presence of Him who leads us." "[Boys Chattering]" " [Boys Complaining]" " What is that?" "You know me?" "I know what you are." "Good." "Then you know if you look for trouble while you're here, you'll find more than you can handle." "You got two hours." "I'll only need one." "[Boy] He's comin' over here." " Me." " You each get one... if everything's here when I get back." " Pure dirt." " [People Murmuring] 3.2 kilos." "How'd you come by so much of it?" "Another atoll 30 horizons west of here." "Where'd they get it?" " They didn't say." " [Man] We heard about that place... that they was all killed." " That's why they didn't say." " Smokers?" "Maybe Smokers, maybe Slavers." "So what's the word?" "We trading' or not?" "We'll tally it like, uh, pure hydro." "Works out to... 62 chits." "[Coins Clanging]" "I want twice that." "[Onlookers Murmuring]" " I just want one sip of hydro!" " No, not 'til you tell me." "She got inkings on her back." "I seen her." "They say if you read the marks on the child, they'll lead ya all the way to Dryland." " Dryland's a myth." " Some still believe." "They say the Smokers even got an eye out for her." "Well, then, we'd better keep it to ourselves." " Help you?" " Yeah." " Where's the store?" " You found it." "You don't have much." "You the man with the dirt?" "Skoal." " One more." " Make it two." "A man this rich will buy for a fellow outwater, I'm sure." "One." "That's an interesting pair of boots you got." " Trade?" " No." "Shame." "Enola." "Hey, what are you doing?" " No, you can't do that." " I need another piece." "I want to draw some more." "I'll get it to you." "Just stay in the back." "With all those chits, you could order up a bath." " Have you ever had a freshwater bath?" " Why are you talkin' to me?" "Just being friendly." " Is that a tomato plant?" " Yeah." "You have a keen eye." "Saw one in a picture." "How much?" "Half your chits." " I'll take them too." " Take what?" " You bought everything." " I'll take them shelves." "So, what did you see out there in your 15 months?" " Such as?" " An end to all this water." "Askin' the wrong person." " The one they buried today?" " Uh-huh?" "She found the only end there is." "I've got a proposition for you, Mariner." " I'm not staying." " We're not asking you to." "All we want is your seed." "We can look to our own for impregnation, but too much of that sort of thing gets... undesirable." "When she's pregnant, you go on your way... with all the supplies you need." "You don't have anything." "You're dying." "No man stays out that long and turns down a woman." " He's hiding something." " Maybe he's a Smoker spy." "[Whistles]" "When the elders say so, you can leave, and not before." "Gills." " Mutation!" " He's a mutant!" "[Screaming] My hand!" "[Screaming]" "[Man Shouting, Indistinct]" "Throw the nets!" "[Crowd Yelling]" "[Screams]" "By what right..." "You pay me to keep the peace." "This isn't it." " He has killed one of ours." " He was defending himself." " He needs to be destroyed!" " Kill him." "Let's kill him." " That may be, but not here and not like this." "[Boy] What is it?" "Damn." "It's tied." "I can't get it off." "Open the gate." "[Laughing]" "Is it a map?" " You'd tell me if you knew, wouldn't you, Enola?" " Mm-hmm." " What are you drawing?" " I don't know." "Helen, look." "Look at the prodigal child's latest vision." "[Chuckling]" " How soon before we can leave?" " I don't have any idea yet where we can go." "I haven't figured out the tattoo on her back." "I'm a stupid man." "The answer's right there." "It's just beyond me." "Maybe he knows." "Oh, yes, I see." "They are webbed." "One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten digits." "That's wonderful." "They tell me, too, that you have gills." "Isotropic gills." "Are they merely vestigial or are they functional now?" "My name is Gregor." "I've just come to pay you a little vi... vi..." "Oh, my God." "[Laughing]" "I'm sorry." "I'm not laughing at you." "I'm excited." "Your gills." "They're functional." "Icthyus sapien." "You can breathe in the water." "How deep can you go?" "Look, I'm only here... because I want to learn more about you." "[Spitting]" "You don't like humans very much, do you?" "I can't say that I blame you." "But tell me:" " Are all of your kind as bad-tempered as you are?" " [Slamming Cage]" " I have no "kind."" " Oh, fish rot." "I'd be surprised if there weren't others, and if there aren't, there will be eventually." "Anyway, I've come here because I need to ask you a question." "Where..." "Where did your dirt come from?" "Is it from Dryland?" "Do you know what this is?" "The ancients..." "They did something terrible, didn't they?" "To cause all this water." "Hundreds..." "Hundreds of years ago." "If I tell you, will you open this lock?" "I haven't a key." " There's a mooring cleat down there." " What?" " Good as any key." " A mooring cleat?" "I won't hurt anyone." "I'll just leave." " I'll be right back." " [Man] Gregor!" "What's your business there?" " Move along!" " I'm not a brave man." "If you know anything about Dryland, please tell me." "Please!" "Don't let it die with you." "No, no, no, no." "Stop!" "[Man] Gregor!" "Move along!" "[Elder] After considerable deliberation of the evidence at hand, it is our decision that this mute-o... does, indeed, constitute a threat." "Therefore, in the interest of public safety, he is hereby sentenced to be recycled... in the customary fashion." "Proceed." "I'm sorry." "Bones to berries." "Veins to vines." "His tendons to trees." "His blood to brine." "Too strange for life he was." "This mute-o now does leave us, recycled and entombed, in the presence of Him who leads us." "Smokers!" "Dead out of the sun!" "To your posts!" "[Confused Shouting, Screaming]" "[Woman] Oh, my God!" "Oh, my God!" " Kill!" " There!" "[Screaming]" "[Indistinct Shouting]" "We are safe behind these walls." " Aren't we?" " [Indistinct Shout]" " [Indistinct Shout]" " Let me out!" "Let me out!" "I'll fight!" "[Shouting Commands]" "Give me the key to the city now." "Let's go!" "Let's go!" "Let's go!" "Floor it!" "Floor it!" "Floor it!" "[Woman Screaming]" "Swab it!" "Swab it!" "Goddamn!" "More ammo!" "[Smoker] Break down the door!" "[Screaming]" " My God!" " [Screaming]" "[Woman Thrusting Spear] Ha!" "[Screaming]" "We'll have this atoll in no time." "Crank it!" "Crank it!" "Look!" "[Men Shouting]" "Look out!" "[Gunfire, Shouting]" "Oh, no!" "You get that goin'!" "Fill 'em up!" "[Smoker Yelling, Atoll People Screaming]" "[Screaming]" " [Gunfire] - [Gregor] Helen, come quickly!" "Helen!" "[Man Screaming, Gunfire]" "You're not supposed to go yet!" "Infernal machine!" "Gregor." "Gregor, wait!" "Helen, I tried." "There was an accident." "I can't make it stop." "Hurry!" "You can make it if you try." "Run!" "Up those stairs." "Run!" "Quickly!" " Wait!" "Wait!" " I'll throw you a rope." "Run quickly!" " Throw the rope now." "Run, Enola." " Slow down!" "Wait!" " Throw the rope." "No!" "No!" " Wait!" " [Enola] Gregor, don't leave us!" " Oh, no!" "I'm sorry!" "It was an accident!" "Helen!" "Enola!" "Helen, I'm sorry!" "Shoot him." "Shoot him." "[Man Screaming]" "If I let you out of here, you're taking us with you." "Sure." "Enola, get down." "Here." "Get over here." "Get down." "Hurry!" "Come on!" "Get the gate." "[Gunfire]" "[Groaning]" "[Man] Run!" "[Groaning]" "[Mariner] Hurry up!" "Kamikazes." "Come on!" "[Engine Revving]" "[Atollers Screaming]" "That made a hole." "[Gunfire]" "Find her!" "Get the girl!" "There!" "Go get that guy!" "Go!" "Kill him!" " Wow!" " Enola!" " [Grunting] - [Gunfire]" " [Mariner] You're too slow!" " Run to the other side." " [Gunfire]" " Come on!" " [Shrieks]" " Grab on!" "Hold on, hold on." " [Gunfire] - [Craft Shuddering]" "I'm stuck!" "I can't make it through!" " Let her go!" " [Gunfire Continues]" "Just drop her!" "Turn the wheel." "The wheel!" "Turn it!" "[Gunfire]" "That!" "Come on!" "Push it!" " I am!" " Hurry!" "Now pull!" "Push it!" "Push it hard!" "Push it hard!" "Okay, okay!" "Now pull this!" "Pull this!" "Pull!" "Pull it!" "Hurry!" " [Gunfire]" " Enola, jump." " Look at me." "Jump!" "Now!" " Okay!" "Well, excuse me!" "Did I say anybody could leave before the battle was over?" " Did I?" " No!" "No!" "Well, do somethin'." "I hate sails." "Hey!" "Can you steer?" "Can I trust you?" "Answer me this, somebody." "Why is that boat still firing'?" " What's that cousin's name?" " Chuck." " Hey, Chuck!" " [Smoker Leader] He's pulling him right into us." "Maybe he doesn't answer to "Chuck." Call him "Charles." Charles!" "Stop him!" "Stop him!" "[Screaming]" "Charles!" "Adios, cousins." "She's here somewhere." "Keep lookin'." "[Screaming] Stop it!" " What you got?" " Couple of heartbeats over there." "Aren't sayin' much." "If you'll notice the arterial nature of the blood comin' from the hole in my head, you can assume that we're all havin' a real lousy day." "So here it is:" "I need to know about that tattooed girl." "First one that tells me lives." " I saw a girl." "I saw, I saw..." " It was..." "Sh-She had a big tattoo on her." "[Indistinct]" "You won." "Start over." "I saw a girl." "I'm not sure, but I think she got on that boat with three hulls." " The boat that cost me a thousand G's of go-juice?" " Yeah, the mute-o's boat." " Mute-o?" " Yeah." "He got these slits here." "Like... [Laughing] Like fish gills." "He wasn't really a man." "A fluke of evolution." "Oh, I'm sorry." "A fluke of, uh..." " Evolution." " I know!" " No!" "No, you said you wouldn't kill me!" " Did I say that?" " Witnesses, anybody, did I?" " Yes, yes, yes!" "You said..." " You said it." " Oh, I may have." "I may have." " [Gasping, Screaming] - [Gunshot]" "We get to the 'Deez, tank up that sky boat;" "send it out on patrol." "We gotta keep an eye out... for that ichthy-freak." "You been there, haven't you?" "Dryland?" "You know where it is." "Yeah, I know where it is." "And, uh..." "And we're going?" "You and I are." "The kid we gotta pitch over the side." " What?" " My boat's tore up." "I'm takin' on water." "I'd be lucky to get half a hydro ration out of that." "You know..." "I said I won't drink." "For 12 days?" "No." "It's better one of you dies now... than both of you die slow." "Wait." "Wait." "We saved your life." "We got you out." "No, you got me out so you could get out." "We're even." "She can cook." "She can fish." " So can I." " Then take my necklace." "Take my necklace." " I got better ones below." " No, look!" "Oh." "After what you went through back there on the atoll," "I can understand why you would want to." "But she's a child." "[Enola Humming]" "Is there something else then?" "Enola!" "Go below." "Enola." "Yeah." "You said so yourself." "Been out there a long time." "Couple hours ago, I was potential dirt to you." " We're not like that." " You all are." "Know what I was really thinkin'?" "Why I don't drop both of you in my wake right now." "You got nothin' I need." "You're taking us to Dryland." "Killing's a hard thing to do well." " Believe me." "I'm not the one to start on." " Both of us!" "How long you plan to hold that on me?" "As long as it takes." " Okay." " No!" "Let me out of here!" "Where the hell are you?" "Don't you touch my child." "Come here!" "[Indistinct Shouting]" "[Groaning]" "Okay, now don't move, okay?" "There." "Ohh." "Oh, lookin' real good, yeah." "There." "There." "All done." "Now, there may be some small problem in depth perception." "Well, it better not screw up my short game." " Well?" " [Smokers] Looks good." "I like it." "Yeah." " I like it better than your real eye." " Much better." " What do you say, Toby?" "The truth." " Looks like shit." "That's why I love children." "No guile." "It does look like shit." "And it feels like cold shit!" "Deacon?" "What..." "I'm sorry." "L-lt's just that there's a problem in the pit." "Maybe you should come." " Let's drive." " [Chattering]" "The pit." "Don't bother with the scenic route." "[Deacon] Drive!" "Hey, it's drivin' better." "Get off!" "Get over there." "Get out of the way." "All right, all right, all right." "Okay, okay." "You guys are great." "Bless all you cousins over there." "Keep up the good work." "Growth is progress." "Growth is progress." "Somebody!" "Hey, up there!" "Take it off!" " Yes." " Your Deaconship." "Hello." "Good morning." "Or night, whichever the case may be." " What is it?" "I'm a busy man." " I thought you should know." "We're down to exactly... four feet, nine inches of black stuff." " [Spitting]" " Thank you, sir." " How many G's is that after refining'?" " Maybe three refuelers." " We'll burn through that in two lunars." " Sweet Joe!" "Will somebody please tell me what's happened to this place?" "We outgrowed it." "All right, the only thing that is important is the tattooed girl." "We don't spare any go-juice finding' her." "We don't waste it anywhere else." "You cancel all those tractor pulls... and all that stuff until later." "You got it?" "Dryland is the mother lode." "[Laughing] On your toes." "Excellent." " Hi." " Move." "Enola!" "Enola, come here!" "Come on!" "Enola, come over here." "Hey!" " What are ya doin'?" " Decorating your boat." "It's ugly." " Where did you get this?" " From down below." "This is mine!" "You don't touch anything of mine." " I drew it for you." " You don't draw on anything." "You understand?" "What..." "This is my boat." "I got it the way I like it." "You take up space and you slow me down." "You know, she's just a little girl." " She doesn't know your rules." " You wanna stay?" "You teach her." "Enola, what'd I tell you?" "You're not so tough." "You know that?" "How many people have you killed?" "Ten?" "Twenty?" " You talk a lot." " I talk a lot 'cause you don't talk at all." "Now how many?" " Including little girls?" " I'm not afraid of you." "I told Helen you wouldn't be so ugly if you cut your hair." "In fact, you talk all the time." " It's like a storm when you're around." " Enola!" "Hey!" "What are you doing?" " [Enola] Helen!" " [Helen] You bastard!" "She can't swim!" "Help me!" "Helen!" "Helen, help me!" "Helen!" "[Sobbing] Helen, help me!" "[Gasping]" "Helen!" "Helen!" "Hold on!" "Look at me." "Look at me." "Look at me." "Oh, please, come back." "Please!" "Please!" "Oh, please!" "[Choking]" "Hey!" "[Gasping]" "Hold on." "Okay, almost... there." "Thanks." "I swear, if you ever touch her again..." "You son of a bitch." "Look at me." "You will go to bed that night, and you will never wake up." " Shut up." " What?" " [Helen] Smokers?" " Yeah." "Can't we outrun them?" " [Engine Humming]" " Not with my sail down." " What are you thinkin' about?" " That's a nice touch." "That's them." "Don't hit the kid." "[Cackling]" "Hey!" "Coward!" "[Laughing]" "Fuck!" "No!" "[Groaning]" "[Indistinct]" "Cut it!" "Come on!" "Come on!" "[Yells] All right." "Okay." "[Gunfire]" "[Helen] Oh, I'm really sorry." "I'm sorry." "But you didn't give me much choice." "Oh, I know." "But you ran away." "L..." "What?" "What are you do..." "No!" "Please, no!" "No!" "[Grunting]" "Don't ever touch anything on my boat again." "She said she was sorry!" "That means you're supposed to say something back!" " Did you say somethin'?" " [Enola] Mm-mmm." "[Deacon] The child..." "did he have the girl with him?" " [Pilot] Uh-huh." " Seems to me if we launch now, we can cut him down just about here." " If he doesn't change course." " Ah, it's not likely." "He's a wily one, that ichthy-demon." "Yeah, if he knows he's been spotted, he'll expect us to expect him to change course, which is exactly why he'll keep his heading." "The important question is, where's he heading?" "And does he know how precious his cargo is?" "I say that he's headed here, and we take him here." "[Drifter Shouting]" " Drifter?" " Mm-hmm." " [Shouting Continues] - [Helen] Are we gonna stop?" " Look at the flag!" " His flag's up." "I thought you all stopped for each other." "Well... maybe he has some food!" "Don't find many who follow the rules anymore." "Well, make it quick." "What's your business?" "Trade." "You got any resin?" "Resin?" "He's gotta be out of his mind." "He's out of his mind." "I don't have any resin." " [Babbling]" " You been outwater a long time, haven't you?" "Must be jokin' me, man." "Resin!" "You don't got enough." "How 'bout food?" "Could you say that again, please?" " How 'bout food?" " Ah, yeah, food." "Yeah, that'd be good, eh?" "I haven't eaten in, well, you know, forever." "Which one of you two is a cook?" "'Cause I usually fall for the waitress." "[Chuckling]" "Like you said, I don't have much." "Now listen, eh?" "[Mumbles] Let's see." "What do I have to do?" "We can start with that wee orchard you got over there." " [Whooping]" " All right, hold it there." " [Mariner] We can talk." " [Drifter] Fair enough." "[Babbling]" "It's a nice rod, isn't it?" "I like that rod." "It's a nice rod. [Babbles]" "Got yourself a wee harem goin' here now, do ya?" "What you want for the women?" "We're not for sale." "Not for sale?" "There's no such thing as not for sale." ""Not for sale"!" "Not for sale, eh?" " Are they a pair or would you consider selling' 'em separate?" " No." "Our business is done here unless you got some resin for sale you can part with." "I told you once already, I don't have it." "I-I-I don't have it." "Don't have it." "Don't have it." "Haven't seen neither for trade in lunars now." "Wait." "Wait, wait, wait." "I do have somethin' that'll make you change your mind." "Somethin' that you can't pass on." "[Giggles]" "I took it off an Atoller refugee camp." "The life savings of the entire clan." "Paper." "[Babbles]" "It's paper." "Have you ever seen paper?" "Look at it." "Smell it." "I been savin' it for a special trade." "Don't you do it." "You know, maybe I'm talkin' to the wrong person here." "Whose boat is this?" "Is it your boat or your boat?" "No." "No, it's his boat." "But he doesn't own us." "Half an hour." "[Mumbling, Babbling] Out of his mind somethin' there." "I got two pages in here, man!" "I mean, I'd get half a dozen girls with this, you know." "Half an hour." " You trading' or not?" " Don't." "Shut up." "Okay." "Forty-five minutes with the wee one right there." "I like to do the talkin', if you know what I mean." "No!" "Fair." "Come, come, come, come, come!" "No." "My boat." " Fair enough." "Fair enough." "Good, good, good." "Aye." " Helen." " Sit down." " Enola, just do as he says." "[Chuckling]" "It's been a while for me now." "Guess it's been more than a while, actually." "I've only got half an hour." "[Repeating] Half an hour, half an hour, half an hour..." "[Mumbles] Great, great, great..." "[Gasps] Ooh!" "You're so beautiful." "Aye!" "Anyone ever told you that?" "Give me that." "What are you doin'?" "It's just a game." "Oh, I, um..." "I, uh..." "We was just playin'." "The trade's off." "I changed my mind." "Well, um..." "Well, you can't do that." "I mean, a deal's a deal, eh?" "I just did." "Hey!" "She's mine." "Aye." "No." "No, no I own her." "But..." "No." " Go on." " Get, get, get." "Go, go, go." "Good, good." "But don't go too far now." "This won't take but a minute." "I hate this boat." "I hate this boat!" "You bastard." "You..." "You're pretty stingy for a man who's got everything, aren't ya now?" "Oh-h-h." "Ohh." " [Yells] - [Crashing]" "[Drifter] Ah, you bastard!" "[Banging, Crashing Continue]" "Where's me boat?" "Where's me boat?" "[Mumbling]" "Help me to me boat." "Ow!" "Me boat." "Me boat." "[Helen] What the..." "No!" "Never catch anything with this." "It's useless." "[Helen Gasps]" "Look, I'm sorry." "You were right about the pole." "You were right, but we have to eat." "Now I know you can hear me!" "Now we can fish for ourselves." "You show us what to do." "You must know how." "Even you gotta eat!" "You just sit there." " What..." " [Mumbling] I don't know." "Happy now?" "[Humming]" "[Humming Continues]" "You don't like my singing, do you?" "Helen says you don't like my singing 'cause you can't sing." " Ever try and listen?" " To what?" "The sound of the world." " I don't hear anything." " That's because you're too loud, and you're movin' around all the time." "Try sitting' still." "Eyeball?" "I wish I had feet like his." "Then maybe I could swim." "Enola." "[Burps] Sorry." "Never met a person couldn't swim before." "I can't." "People say I was weird." "Maybe they were right." "Maybe they were right about you too." "Enola wanted to give you this." "And this." "She won't take it again." "You don't look much like her." " Well, I'm not her mother, if that's what you're asking." " You act like it." "What are those marks on her back?" "Nothing." "They're just fanciful things." " Like what she draws?" " She draws what she sees." "She's like a mirror." "People on the atoll thought she was a..." "Freak?" "Uh-huh." "Yeah." "I just thought she was special." "I'm not givin' it to her." "It's just..." "A loan." "Yeah." "I'm not givin' it to her." "Is Dryland beautiful?" "You'll see." "[Enola Laughing, Giggling]" " Enola?" " [Laughing]" "Enola, what are you doing?" " Those monsters'll kill her!" " No, they're asleep now." "Hands around my neck." "Let the water tell your arms and legs how to move." "We're goin' down." "Hold your breath." " What is it?" " What is it?" "Barter outpost." "You said we'd get to Dryland today." "Today." "Tomorrow." "What's it matter?" "I need resin." " What is that?" " It's PortuGreek." "Their own language." "Or so I thought." "Ah." "There's my girl." "Yeah." "Howdy, darlin'." "Come on in here now." " What's going on?" " Smokers." "What the hell?" "He's spotted us." "Sound it!" "Sound it!" "Sound it!" "Sound it!" "Sound it!" "Yahoo!" "[Helen] Enola!" " [Bullets Whizzing By] - [Grunting]" "Starboard side!" "Now!" "Get in the chair!" "Watch it." "He's clearing' the net." "Go to the helm." " Get the centerboard!" " Centerboard?" "What centerboard?" "I don't know what to do!" "It's too late." "Over here!" "[Screaming, Yelling]" "No!" "Gimme that rifle." "Boy, if you wanna do somethin' right, you've got to do it yourself." "[Whispers] All right." " I winged him." " I say we load... all the go-juice onto one boat and run the freak down." "You can't catch him in ten boats, and you wanna send just one?" "Well, I pray that you're jokin'." "Bring me the trackers." "He's hurt." "It's not what you think." "They weren't after her." " I saw what I saw." " What?" "No more lies." " [Shrieks]" " What are the marks on her back?" "People say it's the way to Dryland." "Dryland's a myth!" "No!" "You said so yourself that you know where it is." "You did." "You're a fool to believe in something you've never seen before." "I've seen it." "I've touched it!" "Dirt that was richer and darker than yours." "It was in the basket we found Enola in!" " It doesn't exist!" " Well, how can you be so sure?" "Because I've sailed farther than most have dreamed, and I've never seen it." "But the things on your boat!" ""Things on my boat" what?" "There are things on your boat that nobody has ever seen!" "What are these shells?" "And that reflecting glass?" "And th-the music box?" "That..." "Well, if not from Dryland, then where?" "Wh-Where?" "You wanna see Dryland?" "You really wanna see it?" "I'll take you to Dryland." "Get in." " Well, what about Enola?" " There's only air for one." " Get in the water." " It'll be all right." "Don't touch anything." "Okay?" "I didn't know." "All this time..." "I didn't know." "Nobody does." "Can you get us outta here?" "I'd say there're two chances o' that." " Hey!" " No way and no how." "Shoulda bought me that drink." "Come on!" "This way." "Come on!" "[Men Yelling, Cheering]" "Proper introductions first." "I'm the Deacon." "[Men Laughing]" "If you don't recall the face, perhaps it's 'cause I didn't always look like this." "Now, ahem, I suspect she's somewhere real close." "So we can tear this boat apart lookin' for her, but I'd rather somebody tell me where she is." "And the first one that does that, lives." "And the runner-up..." "Well, actually, there are no runners-up." "Oh, sweet Joe, I love this part." "Choose 'em." "One, two." "Live or die." "You know, personally," "I'd rather shoot the sperm-of-the-devil here." "Huh?" "But you know somethin'?" "I don't think you're gonna tell me, are ya?" "Huh?" "Too bad." "Come on, eh?" "What do you say?" "She's not your kind." "You don't even have a kind." "If you say it, he'll still kill us both." "[Deacon Grunts]" "Let's not get ahead of ourselves." "If you don't tell me," "I swear to Poseidon I will torch your boat." "Refresh my memory." "What happens when neither of 'em talks?" " Never happened before." " Never happened before." "[Sighs] All right!" "If they won't tell us where she is, do 'em!" "Both of 'em!" "Kill 'em now!" "[Fires Gun]" " No!" " [Helen] No!" "So gullible!" "Bring her here." "[Men Cheering, Shouting]" " Take and ye shall receive!" " [Helen] No!" "Leave her!" "So ends your daily sermonette!" "[Laughing]" "All we gotta do is figure out this map." "Turn her upside down." " Does that mean anything to you?" " No." "[Deacon] We'll figure it out back at the 'Deez." "Back at the 'Deez, boys." "Careful with her." "Careful with her!" " What about them?" " Do 'em both." "Torch the boat." "We have to go under!" "No, I can't breath like you!" "I'll breathe for both of us." "[Man] Whoo!" "[Enola] Helen!" "Helen, help!" "Helen!" "Helen!" "My boat." "Enola." "[Door Opens]" "What is this?" "Get those chains off her." "What are we, barbarians here?" "Goodness gracious." "Sakes alive." "Come on." "Outta here, you big, nasty animal, you!" "Well, rub-a-dub-dub." "[Chuckles]" "You wanna come over here and sit on my lap?" "No?" "Ahem." "How 'bout a cigarette?" "Nothin' like a good smoke if you miss your mom." "Never too young to start." "No." "Well, I got somethin' right here I know you'd like." "Like to draw, don't you?" "Huh?" "Huh?" "Now they're yours... if you help me with just one problem, all right?" "Now, ahem..." "Now that tattoo on your back..." "Ahem." "I've been told that, uh..." "that's actually a map?" "It's the way to Dryland." "Now we're gettin' someplace." "Could you teach me how to read that?" "Setback." "Well, have you ever heard any of your friends talk about it?" "You know, like your mommy or your pet fish?" "Did he say anything?" "You shouldn't make fun of him." "He wouldn't like it." "Girl, I don't give a shit what he'd like." "He took out my eye." "And if I ever see him again, I'm gonna cut open his head and eat his brains!" "You think he'd like that?" "Can't kill him." "He's even meaner than you are." "But he's not here." "And he ain't comin'." "And no one's gonna save you." "He'll come for me." "He will." "Then you better tell me what I wanna know or he can see what's left of you... in a goddamn jar." "We're going to die here, aren't we?" "Aren't we?" "After the atoll, when I offered myself to you," "why didn't you take me?" "'Cause you didn't really want me." "Not really." "Have I been asleep long?" "I was dreaming." "It's funny." "I always thought Dryland floated." "That it drifted with the wind." "That's why it was so hard to find." "Why did you believe in it so much?" "Because we weren't made for the sea." "Got hands... and feet." "We're supposed to walk." "I miss her sound." "Don't you?" "[Gregor] Helen!" "He..." "No, no, no." "Helen, up here." "Above you!" " [Chuckling] - [Helen] Gregor!" "[Chuckling Continues]" "Smart thinking to burn your boat." "Without the smoke, I never would have found you." "Who's that with you?" "Ichthyus Sapien, is that really you?" "I'll throw the rope down." "You catch it." "I'll help you climb up." "Helen." "Where's Enola?" "Smokers took her." "They'd have me too if it weren't for him." "My friend, thank you." "Very human of you." "Go grab your things quickly." "Quickly." "Come." "[Gregor] You see?" "Right down there." "There's several of us survivors." "We'll just start over again." "[Man] You can't ask us to go get her!" "[Woman] Enola's the reason we're in all this trouble." "[Helen] They don't have any reason to kill her." "They need to find Dryland just like we do." " Of course." " [Helen] If the Mariner's willing to go, why not us?" "[Woman] If he wants to go, then let him!" "[Woman #2] We don't want you here!" "You or the girl!" "Helen." "The papers the Mariner brought you..." "It's the same language the tattoo is written in." "They're numbers." " [Man] Gregor, you're as crazy as she is!" " [Woman] We can't stay here!" "We're wasting valuable time." "More Smokers will come." "We need to be moving now!" "My friends, don't you see we need this child if we want to find Dryland?" " I'm not goin'." " Nobody is." "[Woman] We've seen their smoke on the horizon!" " Know what that is yet?" " The numbers?" "Yes, I think I do." "It seems to be some ancient form of geographic location:" "Latitude, longitude." "It doesn't make sense, though." "The numbers, they seem to be backwards or something." " It's upside down." " The world?" "The poles have reversed themselves?" "I've been mapping' the cities below." "The world wasn't created in a deluge." "It was covered by it." " [Man] That's blasphemy!" " [Helen] No, it's true." "I've seen it with my own eyes." "There is land." "It's right under our keel." " None of it's dry anymore." " Some is." "Enola's been there." "I know that now." "I saw what she drew." "So that's why he's going after Enola..." "to find Dryland." "I don't care about Dryland." "This is ridiculous." "Going after the Smokers?" "He doesn't even know which direction they came from." " [Man] I say let him go." " [Woman] We're better off without them anyway!" "If she's alive, I'll bring her back to you." "[Woman] Forget the mute-o, Helen." "If he brings her back, they'll kill us!" "I can't stand it." "We gotta go help him." "I can't ask him to do this alone." "Oh, don't worry, my dear." "You're not going to have to." "[Deacon] You got that tattoo figured out yet?" "It would be easier if it was flat..." "big and flat." " It needs to be flat." " What you got in mind?" "Well, you cut it off her back." "You stretch it, mount it." " Give us a proper look." " Take her down below until I holler." "Saint Joe, we're close." "After centuries of shame." "[Scraping]" "[Distant Shouting]" "[Distant Laughter]" "[Crowd Shouting]" " They're gettin' ugly." " Don't I know it." "Announce me, cousin." "[Crowd Chanting]" " [Microphone Popping]" " Hey." "Here he is." "[Crowd] Deacon!" "Rise up, brothers and sisters." "Turn your eyes and open your hearts... to your humble benefactor, your spiritual shepherd and dictator for life, the Deacon of the 'Deez." "[Crowd Cheering]" "[Cheering Continues]" " Look out!" " It's mine!" "It's mine!" "[Confused Shouting]" " Deacon!" " Wahoo!" "Children." "Children of the provider." "Citizens of the good ship." "Please now, hear me speak." " I've had a vision." " [Man] Yeah, we're tired of your visions!" "What about the land you promised us?" "[Crowd] Yeah!" "Yeah!" "[Deacon] O ye of little faith." "I've had a vision so great... that as it came to me, I wept." " And in this splenditudinous figment of wonder," " Is that Bone's ride?" " Is that blood on the seat?" " I saw..." "And you know what it is that I saw." "I saw... the land." "[Cheering]" "[Gasping]" "[Crowd Chanting]" " Horse, that you?" " [Engine Revving]" "Look, just bring it in slow, okay?" "I don't have all day." " [Engine Revs]" " Horse!" "Just bring it up slow." "I said slow!" "[Screams]" "Shouldn't be doing that." "You're gonna get in trouble." "Ha." "That's right." "You're not afraid." "You've got your pet freak comin' to rescue you." "He's not a freak, and he can take you anytime." "He's killed dozens of people, and he doesn't have any mercy or anything." "He even kills little girls." "Haven't we all?" "Shit." "It's Horse." " Find him." "Find him!" " Come on!" " [Crowd Chanting]" " Yes!" "Yes!" "Yes!" " Come on." " Gettin' nervous, aren't you?" "I don't get nervous." "[Deacon] And if there's a river, we'll dam it." "And if there's a tree, we'll ram it." "'Cause I'm talkin' progress here." "Yes, sir." "I'm talkin' development." " [Man] Yeah!" " For we shall suck and savor... the sweet flavor of Dryland." " [Crowd Whistling] - [Enola] Face is all red." " [Deacon Continues Faintly]" " Helen said with anybody that has a face that red, he's had too much sun or too much to drink." " All right, that's it." "I'm gonna burn your face." " Almost time." " [Clanging]" " What's up?" " We're just talkin' about our friend." " [Doctor] What's his name?" " [Enola] He doesn't have a name." "So death can't find him." "Nah-nah." "Doesn't have a home or people to care for." "He's not afraid of anything, men least of all." "He's fast and strong like a big wind." "He can hear a hundred miles and see a hundred miles underwater." " [Gagging]" " He can hide in the shadow of the noon sun." "He could be right behind you, and you won't even know it 'til you're dead!" "Give it a rest." "He'll come for me." "He will." " [Deacon Addressing Crowd] We are the people..." " Yeah?" " Well, I hope he does." " [Deacon] The Lord's creation." "Remember you said that." "[Deacon Continues] Look at us." " Look at us here today." " [Man] Yeah!" "Dryland is not just our destination, but it is our destiny!" "[Cheering, Whistling]" "Find him." "Find him!" "How can I find... this glorious place?" "And he said to me:" ""A child shall lead you."" "A child." " And behold!" " It's time." "The instrument of our salvation!" "[Crowd Cheering]" "[Deacon] Our guide in the wild." "[Deacon] Our beacon in the darkness." "Turn her around, Nord." "She has shown me the path!" "[Cheering]" "And before the holy-most moment is upon us, let's sacrifice one to old Saint Joe." "And let's get this tub of shit up to speed." "Yep." "[Wild Cheering]" "Pull!" " Pull!" " Pull!" " Pull." " Pull!" "Ow." " So which way we rowing'?" " I don't have a goddamn clue." "[Laughs] Don't worry." "They'll row for a month before they figure out I'm fakin' it." "But, um, wh-wh..." "Oh, you want details." "Well, I'm not tellin' these savages... that we haven't solved the map yet." "I promised them results, and I'll get 'em if I gotta cut 'em out of her goddamn back." "Who is that?" "Who is that?" "Maybe one of the spare rowers?" "Why aren't you rowing'?" " It's him." " It is him." "You guys are in so much trouble." "Well, I'll be damned." "It's the gentleman guppy." "You know, he's like a turd that won't flush." "I want the girl." "You know, I thought you were stupid, friend." " [Gun Cocking]" " But I underestimated you." "You're a total freakin' retard." "[Laughing]" "I want the girl." "That's all." "Well, what on this screwed-up Earth makes you think you're gonna get her?" "You know what this is?" "I drop it, you burn." " We all burn." " Now wait, wait, wait, wait." "Ahem." "Let's not do anything rash here." "I mean, uh, are you sure she's worth all this?" "She never does stop talkin'." "She never shuts up." " I noticed." " What is it then?" "Huh?" "It's the map." "She's my friend." "Golly gee." "A single tear rolls down my cheek." "I mean, you're gonna die for your friend." "If it comes to that." " He's bluffing." "I'll kill him." " He's not bluffing." "He never bluffs." "Shut up!" "I don't..." "l-l..." "I don't think you're gonna drop that torch, my friend." " Why not?" " Because you're not crazy." "No!" "Oh, thank God." "[Screaming]" "[Gunfire]" "[Smoker] Look out!" "[Screaming]" "Get him!" "Let's go, goddamn it!" " [Screaming]" " Don't just stand there!" "Kill somethin'!" "Was this your big vision?" "[Screaming]" "Oh, yeah!" "I've always wanted to drive this monster." "There he is!" "There he is!" "That's him!" "There!" "[Shrieks]" "[Screaming]" "[Enola] No!" "Let go!" "[Explosion]" "[Enola] Let go!" " [Enola] Let me go!" "Let go!" " [Deacon] Pilot!" " [Deacon] Pilot!" " [Enola] Let me go!" " [Mariner Cocking Gun]" " Let go!" "Let go-o-o-o!" "[Laughing] You should've stayed underwater." "[Clicks Twice]" "Oh!" "Now you know how to fly an airplane?" "You're lucky I do." "Ow!" "Now you stop it!" "You behave yourself now!" "[Explosions]" " Oh!" " [Mariner Grunting]" "[Explosion]" "[Explosion]" "[Helen] It's going down." " You can see it sinking." " Gregor, bring us right down on top of it." " Hurry, Gregor!" " [Gregor] Don't worry." "Hurry." "[Clanging, Rumbling]" "Enola!" "Up here!" "Grab on!" "[Gregor] Are they on yet?" " [Gregor] What is it?" " [Helen] I don't know!" "No!" "Gotcha!" "I'm gonna rip your cute little lungs out." "[Yelling]" "[Enraged Shout]" "Pull!" "Almost." "[Helen, Gregor Laughing]" "[Explosion]" " [Shrieks] - [Helen] No!" " [Enola Screaming] - [Helen] No!" "Enola!" "Saint Joe." "Hole in one." " Helen!" " [Helen] No!" "Enola!" " [Gregor] Helen!" "Hey!" "Hey!" "Ohh." "Oh, no!" "Quick!" "What are we gonna do?" "Hyah!" "Hyah!" "Tie this off." " [Gregor] Hurry!" " Tie it!" " Got it!" " [Enola] Ah!" "[Screaming]" "Get 'em up now." " [Enola Grunting] - [Gregor Laughing]" " [Gregor] Of course!" "North is south." " What?" " South is north." " I was swimming." " I saw." " [Gregor] My friends." "My friends, look." "If I take a bearing from the sun and reverse the coordinates on Enola's back, then Dryland is that way!" "[Sea Gull Chattering]" " [Helen Laughing]" " It's fresh!" "All of this!" "It's fresh!" "[Helen Shrieks]" "[Laughing]" "No!" "[Laughing]" "[Helen] Whoo!" "Whoo!" "I found something!" "Maybe we should put them under the dirt." "I think it was their way." "[Gregor] They must have known they were dying." "[Helen Laughing]" "[Winding Key]" "I'm home." " Where's the Mariner?" " He was outside." "Wait." "Wait!" "I want to show you this." "[Birds Chirping Loudly]" "[Hoofbeats]" "[Whinnying]" "[Birds Twittering, Chirping]" "First time in your life you got nothin' to say?" "Enola, I have to go now." "But you came back for me." "I like you." "Why are you leaving?" " I don't belong here." "I belong out there." " You belong here." "It's too strange here." "It doesn't move right." "Helen said that it's only land sickness." "We're all feeling it." "It'll go away soon." "It's more than that." "Subtitles by GMoRK"
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenSubtitles"
}
|
/*
* Licensed to Metamarkets Group Inc. (Metamarkets) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. Metamarkets licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package com.metamx.tranquility.samza
import com.metamx.common.scala.Logging
import com.metamx.common.scala.Predef.EffectOps
import com.metamx.common.scala.collection.mutable.ConcurrentMap
import com.metamx.tranquility.tranquilizer.MessageDroppedException
import com.metamx.tranquility.tranquilizer.Tranquilizer
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference
import org.apache.samza.config.Config
import org.apache.samza.system.OutgoingMessageEnvelope
import org.apache.samza.system.SystemProducer
import org.apache.samza.system.SystemStream
class BeamProducer(
beamFactory: BeamFactory,
systemName: String,
config: Config,
batchSize: Int,
maxPendingBatches: Int,
lingerMillis: Long,
throwOnError: Boolean
) extends SystemProducer with Logging
{
def this(
beamFactory: BeamFactory,
systemName: String,
config: Config,
batchSize: Int,
maxPendingBatches: Int,
throwOnError: Boolean
) = this(
beamFactory,
systemName,
config,
batchSize,
maxPendingBatches,
Tranquilizer.DefaultLingerMillis,
throwOnError
)
// stream => sender
private val senders = ConcurrentMap[String, Tranquilizer[Any]]()
private val exception = new AtomicReference[Throwable]()
override def start() {}
override def stop() {
senders.values.foreach(_.stop())
}
override def register(source: String) {}
override def send(source: String, envelope: OutgoingMessageEnvelope) {
val streamName = envelope.getSystemStream.getStream
val message = envelope.getMessage
val sender = senders.get(streamName) match {
case Some(x) => x
case None =>
senders.synchronized {
senders.getOrElseUpdate(
streamName, {
log.info("Creating beam for stream[%s.%s].", systemName, streamName)
Tranquilizer.create(
beamFactory.makeBeam(new SystemStream(systemName, streamName), config),
batchSize,
maxPendingBatches,
lingerMillis
) withEffect(_.start())
}
)
}
}
sender.send(message) handle {
case _: MessageDroppedException => // Suppress
case e => exception.compareAndSet(null, e)
}
maybeThrow()
}
override def flush(source: String) {
// So flippin' lazy. Flush ALL the data!
senders.values.foreach(_.flush())
maybeThrow()
}
private def maybeThrow() {
if (exception.get() != null) {
throw exception.get()
}
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
This invention pertains generally to what is known in the wood products industry as the secondary breakdown of logs or lumber, and more specifically, to a lumber workpiece charger system that offers significantly improved feeding and handling of workpieces to an edger.
In the wood products field, market conditions in recent years have riveted attention on the need for increasingly precise processing control to maximize yield and to minimize waste. In addition, the same market conditions have focused concern on increasing the speed with which usable output can occur.
One area in which precision processing advances have certainly been seen in recent years is in the area of so-called edging of flitches, cants or boards preparatory to the making, for example, of dimensioned lumber. The edging process generally falls within what is referred to above as secondary breakdown activity.
In the past, there has been a somewhat unhappy mutual exclusivity between speed of handling in the edging process and precision in maximizing yield. For example, it is typical that, say, a board which is to be edged is transported laterally (normal to its longitudinal axis) beneath a scanning system which takes a look at the board's outline, taking into account wane where such exists, with scanning data then produced and used, as by a computer system, to determine how the edges of this board should be trimmed for maximum ultimate yield. A trimming decision might, for example, involve taking more wood off one long edge than off the other of the board, might require that the board be slightly angulated before feeding through an edger, as well as other things.
The so-called trimming decision regarding edging is realized in a variety of conventional pre-positioning or cuing devices, such as adjustable pins which rise into the travel path of a board to define what might be thought of as the proper "leading edge" orientation that should be used in shifting the board into the feed-intake station in an edger.
Maintenance of proper position, from this point forward, requires careful positive handling of the board as the same as transported from its pre-positioned and angularly cued condition into the intake station of an edger, all to assure that when the board is "taken" by the edger, it will be guided along the edger's working axis with the proper predetermined angular and lateral orientation. However, equipment available in the past capable of accomplishing appropriate precision handling is relatively slow in operation. For example, prior art equipment is typically capable of handling successive work pieces at a rate approximating about 25- to about 30-pieces-per-minute under circumstances producing relatively gentle, non-damaging handling.
Equipment offering high-speed transfer of a board from a pre-positioned cued condition to a handed-off condition to an edger typically has involved fairly violent jolting action which often offsets precision through failure to maintain proper board orientation.
A general object of the present invention is to provide an improved edger charger system which offers the best of both worlds and the worst of neither. More specifically, an edger charger system is proposed herein which is capable of high-speed, anti-jolting, highly-precise handling of a board, or like workpiece, as the same is moved from a pre-positioned laterally and angularly cued condition toward ultimate hand-off for processing by an edger.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the proposed charger system includes a precharge station which is laterally offset from the intake station of an associated charger, which precharge station is adapted for receiving and holding, in succession, workpieces which are, based upon prescanning data, laterally and angularly cued for proper transport through the edger. The system further includes a positive-action pinch-roll mechanism which facially grips opposite faces of a workpiece held in the precharge station. This pinch-roll mechanism, moved under the influence of a computer-controlled, hydraulic, linear positioner, shuttles a gripped workpiece rapidly (i.e., with rapid acceleration, high speed, and rapid deceleration) to the intake station in the charger. This movement is accomplished without jolting, and as a consequence with little likelihood for disorientation of the properly pre-cued board.
While the pinch-roll mechanism of the charger system continues to grip the board in the intake station, the usual clamp-roll mechanism in the edger closes upon the board, gripping the same, thus receiving a hand-off of the board before release of the latter by the charger's pinch-roll mechanism.
Again under the influence of the linear positioner, the pinch-roll mechanism is return-shuttled to the precharge station for similar handling of the next successive workpiece.
Positive-action gripping of a workpiece from a pre-cued condition through gripped hand-off to an edger strongly promotes precision handling performance. Transfer motion produced under the influence of a computer-controlled hydraulic linear positioner enables rapid, anti-jolting handling, and thus adds significant handling speed without jeopardizing precision positioning.
These and other advantages which are offered by the system of the present invention will become more fully apparent as the description which now follows is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
|
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When it's beer o'clock and you head to the bar, do you order from the bottle list or always opt for draft beer? Is one better than the other? We asked our crew of beer experts about the advantages and risks of draft vs. bottled beer (and also what they think about craft breweries packaging beer in cans.)
Here's what they had to say.
"In most cases, so long as the bottles or kegs and draft lines are well kept, I think there's little difference. But if the beer is in a green or clear bottle, then you can run the chance of the beer being skunky, in which case it's safer to go draft. Aside from that, there are a couple of situations where I'd go for one or the other. If a beer is strong and can benefit from aging, or if it's a yeast-driven beer like a Trappist ale or a German Weizenbock, personally I think it shows better out of a bottle. On the flip side, if there's a beer you should drink spanking fresh, like a dry hopped pale ale, there's a good chance it will be better out of a keg."—Jesse Vallins (The Saint Tavern)
"Some beers, like a barleywine or other higher alcohol beers, really benefit from aging in bottles. Other beers, I usually prefer on draft because they may be more likely to be fresh. That being said, once the bar or restaurant that is dispensing the beer has it, you don't necessarily know what condition the tap lines are in or how long the beer has been sitting there. For tap beers, there are certain bacteria that can infect tap lines and cause off flavors and rancid buttery aromas. Look out for characteristics you wouldn't expect and ask the staff if you're not sure. My absolute preference is to drink beer directly from the brewery if I can."—Lindsay Bohanske (Love Beer, Love Food)
"Places where I will most likely order bottled beer and cans instead of draft: bars with more than 15 taps. While some of these places like the Mayor of Old Town in Fort Collins pride themselves on regular line maintenance, most can't keep up with the extensive line cleaning necessary. In these cases, pass me a local bottle or can."—Becki Kregoski (Bites 'n Brews)
"The first thing to point out here is that no matter which packaging a brewery uses, improper storage by the distributor or retailer can ruin the experience of the drinker. That said, draft is great for beer that's best consumed fresh, like light lagers and hoppy beers (assuming you're at a bar that keeps their lines clean). Bottles are great for beers that do well with some maturation time, in particular many Belgian beers are best after 'refermenting' in the bottle and maturing for a couple months. And please: let's have more beer in cans! Cans are better than bottles for the environment and for the beer. Cans are easily recyclable, light weight, and they stack well. Trucks transporting cans save lots of gas. Aluminum also blocks light from hitting the beer, which can otherwise cause skunky off flavors."—Chris Cohen (San Francisco Homebrewers Guild)
"The very short answer is that in most cases due to the expedited distribution of kegs vs. bottles and the price per ounce difference between kegged beer and bottled beer, draft is better. The real answer is far more nuanced. I tell every consulting client I have that draft lines should be saved for beers that truly benefit from being served on draft. For example hop-dependent styles like most craft-brewed American Pale Ales benefit tremendously from being served as fresh as possible. Often beer programs that are run by sommeliers/wine experts tend to place an emphasis on fermentation-driven beer styles like saison, Abbey-style ales, and wheat beers. These styles frequently feature higher-than-typical volumes of dissolved carbon dioxide, recipes calibrated toward bottle conditioning and the intentional lack of filtration, and therefore are not flattered by serving on draft. Hefeweizens and Witbiers, for example, are styles that are to some degree dependent on the integration of their lees to achieve the desired texture, flavor and aroma. Nearly all modern keg designs feature a down-tube, that causes the beer to dispense from bottom to top. Therefore the lees, which fall to the bottom of the keg, are dispensed first and after the first few pints you are left selling a beer that is missing its defining characteristic."—Sayre Piotrkowski (Hog's Apothecary)
"It all depends on the beer and the situation. Kegged beer is kept cold for the majority of its life. Additionally, kegs usually aren't pasteurized. This means that kegged beer can be a highly fresh and flavorful option. The biggest problem with kegs and kegged beer isn't actually the keg, but the retailer. Retailers often view line cleaning as a good place to save money and thus have poorly cleaned beer lines. I don't care how good the beer is in that keg, it can totally be ruined by the last 30 feet of its journey from the keg to your glass. Knowing who takes care of their lines properly will go a long way towards helping you decide if you want draft beer or bottles. However, when it comes to Belgian beers, I may choose bottles over draft. Belgians use those thick glass bottles: they can carbonate the beers to a much higher level in bottle than they can in the keg. It's often a characteristic of the beer that gets overlooked, but carbonation is a big part of the flavor equation. Part of the joy of drinking Belgian beer is that intense carbonation and thick, fluffy head. Belgian beers also tend to be bottle conditioned allowing for a more elegant bubble and that added bit of flavor that the process gives you. Creating keg-conditioned secondary fermentation can be a very tricky process that most breweries won't even attempt."—Christopher Barnes (I Think About Beer and Columbia Distributing)
"I'll choose draft whenever I can provided the bar I'm at does a good job maintaining their draft lines. Domestic draft beer is almost always un-pasteurized, allowing the beer to have optimum flavor. I'll only pick up a bottle or can if there's a born-on or best-by date so I can be sure what I'm buying is fresh. Look on the bottom of cans for 'canned on' dates. Even though they have a bit of a stigma, I'll choose a can over a bottle—you can think of cans as mini-kegs—they completely shut out light and oxygen, ensuring your beer is at its best."—Sean Coughlin (Genesee Brew House)
"Almost all draft beer is unpasteurized demanding immediate service and proper storage to avoid spoilage. The upside is that the beer likely has more delicate flavors and aromas left intact than the pasteurized version found in cans or bottles, as pasteurization can negatively affect flavor. A properly balanced, cooled, cleaned and maintained draft system will deliver the freshest and most flavorful beer. A mishandled or neglected draft system might pour beer that is overcarbonated, flat, foamy, or even sour from bacterial infections in dirty faucets or beer lines. Seek out establishments that take their taps seriously and stick with bottles if you see faucets being submerged in beer. Avoid clear or green bottles which undoubtedly house light struck beer. Brown bottles are preferable, but the surest way to protect packaged beer is in pitch-black airtight cans. Sure, cans might not look as fancy as bottles, but what we really care about is the liquid inside."—Chris Kline (Schnuck Markets)
"With the exception of some bottle-conditioned or wild ales, I have a slight preference for draft beer over bottled beer simply because kegs seem to be, on average, fresher. Freshness is critically important for most craft beer, and thankfully more breweries are now date-coding their bottles. I'm always careful to observe the 'bottled on' or 'enjoy by' dates when buying beer; you'd be surprised to see how much old beer is sitting on retailer's shelves. Cans are becoming a more popular vessel for craft beer, but there's still some lingering stigma against the packaging. The prejudice is mostly unfounded, and cans are superior to bottles in a few ways. Cans prevent any exposure to light (which will quickly degrade a beer), and often contain less dissolved oxygen than bottles (though it really comes down to the equipment the brewery uses). Cans or bottles or draft, all craft beer is best when poured into a glass. Drinking from the bottle or can is cheating yourself out of the full aroma of your beer."—John Verive (Beer of Tomorrow, Beer Paper LA)
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.
|
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|
The role of probability of reinforcement in models of choice.
A general account of choice behavior in animals, the cumulative effects model, has been proposed by Davis, Staddon, Machado, and Palmer (1993). Its basic assumptions are that choice occurs in an all-or-none fashion for the response alternative with the highest probability of reinforcement and that the probability of reinforcement for each response alternative is calculated from the entire history of training (total number of reinforced responses/total number of reinforced and nonreinforced responses). The model's reliance on probability of reinforcement as the fundamental variable controlling choice behavior subjects the cumulative effects model to the same criticisms as have been directed toward other related models of choice, notably melioration theory. Several different data sets show that the relative value of a response alternative is not predicted by the obtained probability of reinforcement associated with that alternative. Alternative approaches to choice theory are considered.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Treatment of carcinoma of the anal canal at Groote Schuur Hospital.
Chemoradiation is the treatment of choice for squamous carcinoma of the anal canal, resulting in the same local control rates as surgery but with the advantage of organ function preservation. We aimed to review all cases of anal canal carcinoma treated at Groote Schuur Hospital between 2000 and 2004 and to assess treatement outcome. The records for 31 patients presenting during this period were reviewed. Patient and tumour characteristics were recorded. Twenty-six patients were treated with chemoradiation. Local failure-free, colostomy-free and overall survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Compared with the literature, the median patient age was younger and the stage was more advanced in this study. The complete response rate for all stages with chemoradiation was 80%. The local failure-free survival at 5 years was 60.7%. Colostomy-free and overall survival at 5 years were 59.2% and 65.6%, respectively. The patients presented with locally advanced disease. Chemoradiation is effective treatment for this group of patients and the majority avoid a permanent colostomy as they preserve anal sphincter function.
|
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
# Migrating from log4js versions older than 2.x
## Configuration
If you try to use your v1 configuration with v2 code, you'll most likely get an error that says something like 'must have property "appenders" of type object'. The format of the configuration object has changed (see the [api](api.md) docs for details). The main changes are a need for you to name your appenders, and you also have to define the default category. For example, if your v1 config looked like this:
```javascript
{ appenders: [
{ type: 'console' },
{
type: 'dateFile',
filename: 'logs/task',
pattern:"-dd.log",
alwaysIncludePattern: true,
category: 'task'
}
] }
```
Then your v2 config should be something like this:
```javascript
{
appenders: {
out: { type: 'console' },
task: {
type: 'dateFile',
filename: 'logs/task',
pattern: '-dd.log',
alwaysIncludePattern: true
}
},
categories: {
default: { appenders: [ 'out' ], level: 'info' },
task: { appenders: [ 'task' ], level: 'info' }
}
}}
```
The functions to define the configuration programmatically have been remove (`addAppender`, `loadAppender`, etc). All configuration should now be done through the single `configure` function, passing in a filename or object.
## Console replacement
V1 used to allow you to replace the node.js console functions with versions that would log to a log4js appender. This used to cause some weird errors, so I decided it was better to remove it from the log4js core functionality. If you still want to do this, you can replicate the behaviour with code similar to this:
```javascript
log4js.configure(...); // set up your categories and appenders
const logger = log4js.getLogger('console'); // any category will work
console.log = logger.info.bind(logger); // do the same for others - console.debug, etc.
```
## Config Reloading
Previous versions of log4js used to watch for changes in the configuration file and reload when it changed. It didn't always work well, sometimes leaving file handles or sockets open. This feature was removed in version 2.x. As a replacement, I'd suggest using a library like [watchr](https://www.npmjs.com/package/watchr) to notify you of file changes. Then you can call `log4js.shutdown` followed by `log4js.configure` again.
## Appenders
If you have written your own custom appenders, they will not work without modification in v2. See the guide to [writing appenders](writing-appenders.md) for details on how appenders work in 2.x. Note that if you want to write your appender to work with both 1.x and 2.x, then you can tell what version you're running in by examining the number of arguments passed to the `configure` function of your appender: 2 arguments means v1, 4 arguments means v2.
All the core appenders have been upgraded to work with v2, except for the clustered appender which has been removed. The core log4js code handles cluster mode transparently.
The `logFaces` appender was split into two versions to make testing easier and the code simpler; one has HTTP support, the other UDP.
## Exit listeners
Some appenders used to define their own `exit` listeners, and it was never clear whose responsibility it was to clean up resources. Now log4js does not define any `exit` listeners. Instead your application should register an `exit` listener, and call `log4js.shutdown` to be sure that all log messages get written before your application terminates.
## New Features
* MDC contexts - you can now add key-value pairs to a logger (for grouping all log messages from a particular user, for example). Support for these values exists in the [pattern layout](layouts.md), the [logFaces appenders](logFaces-UDP.md), and the [multi-file appender](multiFile.md).
* Automatic cluster support - log4js now handles clusters transparently
* Custom levels - you can define your own log levels in the configuration object, including the colours
* Improved performance - several changes have been made to improve performance, especially for the file appenders.
|
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"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
AIM
MSN
Website URL
ICQ
Yahoo
Jabber
Skype
Location
Interests
Every week we read threads about guys receiving valuable classics from their buddies, co-workers, neighbers etc. Usually they are one of the big ones;Avantes, Bruisers, Scorchers, etc.
Well it finally happened to me! My older brother sent this in the mail, his OG, un-ran Avante!!!!! I still dont know the back story of how he received it back when. It is in remarkeable shape. The tires are out of the box fresh, albeit missing the foams.
You will notice its missing its shocks, yeah I stole them as a braty little kid while my brother was at Navy boot camp. The shocks wound up on an Avante I restored and then sold off many years latter, I didnt know that he still had this, I wouldn't have done that as an adult!!! I probably dont deserve this for that reason. As a Marine I saved his bacon many years latter, maybe this is thanks. Any way. Here she is!!!! He even sent rere shocks!!!!
The front end in all of its over complicated goodness!!!!
Best rear suspension in all of RC-dom
PERFECT 30 year old tires and wheels.
Plans:
Blow it apart, re-build, and run in the back yard. Ill probably keep the super dark blue paint on it, paint the rear wing, and paint the bely pan black. There will be a thread!!!! Stay tuned.
|
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"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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|
277 N.J. Super. 545 (1994)
649 A.2d 1349
STATE OF NEW JERSEY, PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT,
v.
PAUL M. MOSS, DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT.
Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division.
Submitted November 10, 1994.
Decided December 6, 1994.
*546 Before Judges MUIR, Jr., D'ANNUNZIO, and EICHEN.
John J. Fahy, Bergen County Prosecutor, attorney for appellant (Stuart A. Minkowitz, Assistant Prosecutor, of counsel and on the letter brief; John J. Scaliti, Asst. Prosecutor, on the letter brief).
Linda George, attorney for respondent (Ms. George, of counsel; Jon P. LeTendre, on the letter brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by MUIR, JR., J.A.D.
On leave granted, the State appeals from an order suppressing evidence seized after an automobile stop. The order followed a trial court ruling that the stop of defendant's motor vehicle was illegal. We reverse.
A Palisades Park police officer stopped defendant for failing to signal when making a left-hand turn. The officer testified defendant's vehicle was stopped immediately in front of his police car for a red traffic light at the intersection of the Routes 1 and 9 south ramp and Broad Avenue in Palisades Park. Both cars were in the left lane. Another car was in the right lane. When the traffic light turned green, with no turn indication of any kind, defendant drove his vehicle into the middle of the intersection and braked suddenly. Defendant then, without any turn signal, made a left turn onto Broad Avenue. Although traffic was light, there was other traffic on Broad Avenue. After the stop, the officer observed in plain view a .32 caliber revolver on the car floor. The officer later determined the revolver was loaded with hollow-nose bullets. A subsequent search of defendant turned up another loaded handgun.
*547 The officer relied on N.J.S.A. 39:4-126 to make the stop. To the extent pertinent, that statute provides:
No person shall turn a vehicle at an intersection unless the vehicle is in proper position upon the roadway as required in section 39:4-123 ... and until such movement can be made with safety. No person shall so turn any vehicle without giving an appropriate signal in the manner hereinafter provided in the event any other traffic may be affected by such movement.
[emphasis added]
The statute then goes on to provide the manner in which a mechanical, electrical, or manual signal must be given.
It is well settled that courts may not disregard plain statutory language. In the words of the late Chief Justice Vanderbilt, "[a] clear and unambiguous statute is not open to construction or interpretation, and to do so in a case where not required is to do violence to the doctrine of the separation of powers." Watt v. Mayor and Council of Borough of Franklin, 21 N.J. 274, 277, 121 A.2d 499 (1956). Put another way, where the language of a law is clear, courts are not free to replace it with unenacted legislative intention, for to do so leads the judiciary into undemocratic law making.
N.J.S.A. 39:4-126 is clear and unambiguous when its terms are given their ordinary and well understood meaning. See Levin v. Township of Parsippany-Troy Hills, 82 N.J. 174, 182, 411 A.2d 704 (1980). The key words in the statute are "may be affected by such movement." The common ordinary meaning of the word "may" is "to be in some degree likely to." Webster's Third New International Dictionary 1396 (1981). As such, the key words do not project a requirement that a turn movement must affect other traffic but merely that it has the potential of doing so.
Here, clearly there was other traffic that to some degree was likely to be affected by the left turn of defendant's vehicle. Both the police vehicle immediately behind the turning vehicle and the other traffic on Broad Avenue had that potential. Consequently, defendant's failure to make a turn signal violated the statute and made the motor vehicle stop legal. See Delaware v. *548 Prouse, 440 U.S. 648, 663, 99 S.Ct. 1391, 1401, 59 L.Ed.2d 660, 673 (1979).
The trial court relied on State v. Williamson, 270 N.J. Super. 318, 637 A.2d 195 (App.Div.), certif. granted, 136 N.J. 298, 642 A.2d 1007 (1994), to reach its conclusion. We do not read Williamson to countervail our holding. However, to the extent that Williamson can be read to interpret the statute to require that a turn movement must affect other traffic, we disagree with it.
Reversed.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
COURT OF APPEALS
EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
EL PASO, TEXAS
THE STATE OF TEXAS, )
) No. 08-06-00236-CR
Appellant, )
) Appeal from the
v. )
) 409th District Court
ADRIAN VALENZUELA, )
) of El Paso County, Texas
Appellee. )
) (TC# 20060D01510)
)
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Pending before the Court is the State’s motion to dismiss this appeal pursuant to
Tex.R.App.P. 42.2(a). The State having complied with the requirements of Rule 42.2(a), the
Court has considered this cause on the State’s motion and concludes the motion should be
granted and the appeal should be dismissed. We therefore dismiss the appeal.
November 16, 2006
DAVID WELLINGTON CHEW, Chief Justice
Before Chew, C.J., McClure, and Carr, JJ.
(Do Not Publish)
|
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"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
The UK's Intellectual Property Office has published a video which urges advertisers to boycott 'pirate' sites. The video claims that since torrent and similar sites facilitate "fraud, organized crime, and even terrorism", advertisers should liaise with the Police Intellectual Property Crime Unit to gain access to a special advertising blacklist.
Underlying a multitude of strategies designed to limit traffic to pirate sites, there is a strong belief among copyright holders that operators only keep their sites online due to how profitable they are.
Since most portals don’t make their motivations public it’s unclear as to how many sites this applies. However, it can’t be denied that the largest sites are pulling in decent revenues via advertising so with this in mind there is an ongoing and concerted effort by authorities to “Follow the Money.”
Part of this strategy is ensuring that major brands and smaller companies refrain from placing their advertising on infringing sites. In addition to funding the sites in question, copyright holders insist that having “household name” branding appearing alongside pirate content suggests that sites are not only legitimate but somehow endorsed by their advertisers.
While the US has its own initiatives underway, the UK’s Police Intellectual Property Crime Unit (PIPCU) maintains the Infringing Website List (IWL), a database of sites that police and copyright holders have deemed to breach copyright law.
PIPCU earlier claimed to have placed warning ads on these domains to deter would-be downloaders and is now receiving help from the government to reach more advertisers.
In a new video published by the Intellectual Property Office (IPO), the Internet is described as the most powerful communication tool ever invented, noting that by 2020 the total Internet advertising spend will outstrip that of TV. But while reaching billions of consumers has its benefits, the IPO says that advertisers need to be aware of the problems being caused by IP crime.
Starting with an image of a presumably unlicensed pharmaceutical site, the video quickly moves on to the world of torrents, with an image of a fake website called “Super Torrent”.
Somewhat ironically the screenshot from the video shown above is actually a copy of ExtraTorrent (the world’s 3rd largest torrent site) but with a name switch. In fact, those who look closely will see that on the left hand side of the image where ExtraTorrent displays its news feed, there’s even a link directing people to find more news on TorrentFreak.
“Illegal websites offering copyright infringing content, illegal websites facilitating fraud, organized crime, even terrorism,” the voiceover warns. “You wouldn’t want your brand, your client’s logo, your hard-earned reputation mixed up with that, would you?”
The video continues by stating that of the top 500 infringing websites, 294 carried advertising for recognized brands, 43 of which were businesses in the top 1000 for advertising spend. By placing ads on such websites, advertisers give them legitimacy while tarnishing their images by associating themselves with viruses and malware, the IPO adds.
Of course, knowing which sites are considered a risk isn’t always easy for advertisers and that’s where copyright holders and the police step in.
“The Infringing Website List lists all known websites determined by the police to be illegal on the basis of copyright infringement. It’s the first of its kind in the world,” the IPO says.
“Sites are identified by the creative industries, evidenced and verified by the police. The IWL then provides an up to date list of copyright-infringing websites to enable advertisers, agencies and brands to cease advert placement on illegal websites.”
The idea is that ad agencies can integrate the IWL into their ad placement systems in order to boycott pirate sites, something which can prevent direct advertising on designated platforms. However, the advertising world isn’t as straightforward as that and the use of various middle-men ensures that advertising often makes it onto pirate sites, even though they have been ‘blacklisted’ in Europe and the United States.
Nevertheless, the IPO and PIPCU say they are making progress and in August 2015 reported that top UK advertisers were placing 73% fewer ads on pirate sites. More current stats aren’t presented in the video but the message from the IPO remains the same.
“Stop funding criminals, sign up to the IWL,” the IPO concludes.
|
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|
Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Tuggerah Ward (congregation) on the New South Wales Central Coast recently had the opportunity to take part in a community dialogue hosted by the Central Coast Islamic Cultural Centre.
The ward members first became acquainted with the Islamic Cultural Centre when their chapel was undergoing refurbishment. Bishop Val Moana of the Tuggerah Ward felt inspired that the leftover chapel chairs could be put to better use than being taken to the landfill. Bishop Moana explained, “We asked each of the ward members to prayerfully consider who might benefit from the usage of these old chapel chairs.”
The chairs were subsequently donated to members of the Islamic faith on the Central Coast. Mr. Mohammed Taib (Mosque Leader) from the Centre was deeply appreciative of the church for rendering such service.
Mr. Taib extended an invitation for the Tuggerah Ward members to participate in a community dialogue hosted by the Central Coast Islamic Cultural Centre. Ken Ferguson, who currently serves as an Interfaith Specialist in the Gosford Stake (diocese), attended the event and noted, “The meeting with the Islamic people at the Mosque was a wonderful experience. The local Police were there and a Minister from another faith.”
The Gosford Stake intends to continue working with members from the Islamic Cultural Centre as part of community dialogue and interfaith building on the New South Wales Central Coast.
Around the world, members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints regularly engage with various faiths and community groups to help build a comradery of respect and understanding.
|
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|
H.H. Sri Swami Krishnanandaji Maharaj Attains Mahasamadhi
Our Guiding Light over the past five decades, His
Holiness Sri Swami Krishnanandaji Maharaj, whom Gurudev Sri Swami
Sivanandaji Maharaj used to call as our ‘Dakshinamurti’ and ‘Sankaracharya’,
has merged in the Cosmic Being. Revered Swamiji Maharaj, who has been our
General Secretary since 1958, our guide, administrator, philosopher, mentor
and much more, entered Mahasamadhi on Friday, the supremely auspicious and
holy Gopashtami day, the 23rd of November 2001, at 4.30 p.m., in his
Kutir in Sivanandashram on the banks of the sacred Mother Ganga, in
Shivanandanagar, at the foot of the Himalayas.
The Divine Life Society records its deep reverence to the towering stature
of the Spirit of Worshipful Swamiji Maharaj as well as its heartfelt gratitude
to a sublime career of unremitting labour of love that came to a glorious
close in that momentous afternoon.
Though Swamiji Maharaj had not been keeping well for quite some time, the
END came rather suddenly. Swamiji was conscious till the very last moment.
Earlier in the day Swamiji had narrated to those attending on him a dream
he had the previous night, which had indicated his leaving the body. He had
further said that his cook and the doctor from Rishikesh who had been
attending on him must be paid their dues that very day. Swamiji Maharaj was
very cheerful that day. He met some Ashramites and visitors as usual. He also
talked very freely to the persons attending on him. In the afternoon at 3.00
p.m. Swamiji Maharaj asked for a copy of the Bhagavadgita with the commentary
by Gurudev Swami Sivanandaji Maharaj to be kept by the bedside. When the Holy
Scripture was brought, Swamiji started reading it every now and then. Around
3.30 p.m. he had his usual light supper. At 4.25 p.m. he felt a little
difficulty in breathing and asked his attendant Sri Swami Satyakamanandaji to
recline him on the bed indicating that the last moment had arrived. And the
END came at 4-30 p.m.
When the news was declared officially at 5.00 p.m. after the specialist who
was Swamiji’s personal physician had arrived, all the Ashramites and local
residents flocked to his Kutir to have a last glimpse of their Beloved
Swamiji. Sri Vishnusahasranama Chanting, Bhagavadgita Parayana and recitation
of Maha Mantra were commenced immediately. It was felt necessary to delay the
last rites for the sake of devotees expected to arrive from far and near, and
the necessary arrangements were made till the morning of the 25th November,
even as a number of sincere devotees, by turn, continued the recital of the
holy Maha Mantra non-stop during the intervening two nights and a day. The
Kutir remained continuously open during this period for Darshan.
The last rites of His Holiness were carried out in the traditional way.
Around 9.00 a.m. on Sunday, the 25th of November, the body was seated on a
flower-bedecked palanquin and taken around the Ashram, with the solemn
recitation of the Maha Mantra. There was still an expression of serene repose
and majestic calmness in Swamiji’s face. The procession halted in front of
the Bhajan Hall, Viswanatha Mandir, Samadhi Mandir, Divya Nama Mandir and
Gurudev’s Kutir, and Arati was performed at each of these sacred shrines.
Finally the procession reached Viswanatha Ghat where the sacred bath was given
to the body with various articles of Abhisheka, including milk and the holy
waters of Mother Ganga, right on the bank of the Ganga, to the accompaniment
of the chorus chant of the sacred Rudram, Purushasukta, Narayanasukta and
other Vedic Mantras, which were so dear to Revered Swamiji’s heart. The body
was smeared with holy sandal-paste mixed with rose water, Vibhuti and Kumkum,
draped with new gerua clothes, and decorated with sacred Tulasi and Rudraksha
rosaries and Tulasi, Bilva and flower garlands amidst the devout chanting of
the holy Maha Mrityunjaya Mantra. The body was then lowered into a
specially-made wooden casket which had been readily placed in a boat stationed
on the holy Ganga, to the resounding chant of God’s Divine Name, and ‘Swami
Sivanandaji Maharaj Ki Jai’, ‘Swami Krishnanandaji Maharaj Ki Jai’ and
‘Ganga Maiya Ki Jai’. A number of devotees accompanied the casket
in the boat which was taken past the Sivananda Jhula where Ganga-Arpana, the
offering of the body into the rushing waters of the sacred Ganga, was made.
The sacred rite of Jala-Samadhi was thus performed as per the ardent
wish of Revered Swamiji Maharaj, which was cherished by him since his
childhood and also expressed by him every now and then, more so during his
last days. Returning with heavy hearts, all the devotees bathed in the holy
waters of Mother Ganga, bearing in mind the supreme offering just made. Very
soon a strange peace filled the hearts of everyone and a divine calmness
descended upon their minds.
At the request of all the gathered devotees, a special Satsanga was
arranged that night in the sacred Samadhi Shrine. The Hall was packed with
devotees, eager to express their Shraddhanjali or homage to the great Soul.
The entire scene was heart-rending as the speakers affectionately recounted
their experiences during the various periods of their association with Swamiji
Maharaj.
Some devotees mentioned that they would like to have some more opportunity
to express their feelings and so it was decided to continue the Shraddhanjali
during the night Satsanga till the Shodasi or the sacred day of the
Maha-Aradhana of Swamiji Maharaj on the sixteenth day, the 8th of December,
2001. During this period Mahatmas from the nearby Ashrams were also invited to
pay their homage and tribute to the great Soul. Among those who paid their
Shraddhanjali to Swamiji Maharaj during this period were the Mahamandaleshwar
of Kailash Ashram, Sri Swami Vidyananda Giriji Maharaj, and Mahamandaleshwar
of Paramartha Niketan, Sri Swami Asanganandaji Maharaj.
During this period, a Bhagavata Saptaha was also held in the Viswanatha
Mandir, where the Parayana of the entire Srimad Bhagavata Mahapurana in
Sanskrit Original was done devoutly, bearing in mind the exceptionally ardent
love and devotion that Revered Swamiji Maharaj had for this Mahapurana in
general and for Lord Sri Krishna in particular. The Vishnusahasranama Parayana
and Puja performed on the Karttik Purnima day, the 30th of November, 2001,
were dedicated to Swamiji Maharaj. There were also Akhanda Parayana of Sri
Ramcharit Manas and chanting of Sri Rudram followed by Maha Mantra Kirtan.
The expressions of the loving sentiments, comforting feelings and
condolence letters and messages received from numerous devotees and admirers
of Swamiji Maharaj on his physical disappearance were read out in the Night
Satsanga at the Samadhi Mandir. The Divine Life Society expresses its
gratefulness to all those well-wishers whose perennial sympathy always remains
with the holy Institution of Sri Gurudev.
Saturday, the 8th December, 2001, being the sixteenth day of the
Mahasamadhi, was fixed as the great day of the Maha-Aradhana (Shodasi) of
Revered Swamiji Maharaj. Information in this regard in the form of an
invitation was sent to various devotees and well-wishers in advance to enable
them to attend the Aradhana and the Bhandara, particularly providing an
opportunity to those who had not been able to be present for the
Samadhi-Kriya.
In the well-attended programme on the day of the Maha-Aradhana on 8th
December, 2001, Brahmamuhurtha Prayer, silent meditation and Japa, and Peace
chants were held at the sacred Samadhi Mandir, while a special Puja was
conducted at the Viswanatha Mandir. In the special Satsanga at 8-30 a.m. in
the Samadhi Mandir, Paduka Puja of Sri Gurudev, Sankirtan and Bhajan, followed
by the paying of Homage and Tribute to Paramapujya Sri Swami Krishnanandaji
Maharaj by various Saints and devotees took place.
At the conclusion of this function, mass feeding or Samashti-Bhandara
(feeding of everyone without restriction) was commenced. Sannyasins, devotees
and the poor partook of the sacred Prasada of this great Saint and Sage of
Rishikesh. At the same time a special worship, feeding and honouring of
sixteen selected Sannyasins of holy repute was also arranged, in accordance
with the prevailing custom of adoration of holy monks upon the sixteenth day.
The entire place was pervaded by an atmosphere of spiritual elevation and
devotion.
There was also a special Satsanga at night when inspiring devotional music
was rendered by devotees and heart-felt tributes paid to the glorious memory
of this unique Seer, Sage and Saint, a truly great disciple of the Holy Master
Gurudev Sri Swami Sivanandaji Maharaj.
Some time back, on 27th August 2001, on account of indifferent health
Swamiji Maharaj had tendered his resignation both as the General Secretary of
the Divine Life Society and as the Trustee of the Divine Life Trust Society.
The resignation was accepted by the Board of Trustees on 10th September. And
on the 23rd of November, the Great Seer and Sage attained Sadyomukti or
instantaneous liberation—the glorious consummation of the spiritual adept
who spends his entire life in unbroken contemplation of the Universal Being—which
Supreme Goal was held by Swamiji Maharaj passionately as the Highest Ideal to
be cherished in life.
The passing away of Swamiji Maharaj is indeed an irreparable loss not only
to the Divine Life Society, but to the entire spiritual world at large. The
void is impossible to fill.
The life of Swamiji Maharaj was verily his message as well, inasmuch as it
was a process of the intricate ascent of the soul to Universal Perfection.
Born on 25th April, 1922, in Puttur, South Canara District, to the devout
couple, Kombrenje Shankara Narayana Putturaya and Kaveri Amma, Subbaraya
renounced his family and embarked on a journey to Northern India even as a
young man. In 1944 he met Gurudev Sri Swami Sivanandaji Maharaj. He entered
the holy order of Sannyasa on 14th January, 1946, and since then came to be
known as Swami Krishnananda Saraswati. In his own words he felt a mysterious
change within himself take place when Sri Gurudev uttered the glorious
Mahavakyas. Then came the great day, sometime in 1948, when he had what he
termed "a lightning glimpse of Truth". He was ever blissful and
peaceful. The story of Swami Krishnanandaji Maharaj, after 1948, is just one
of a Jivanmukta enjoying the Sahaja Samadhi Avastha.
He was a Master of all systems of Thought, Eastern as well as Western. The
books of Swamiji, numbering around fifty, constitute the invaluable legacy he
has left behind to the entire spiritual world. To read his books, the majority
of which are the outcome of his extempore unpremeditated discourses, is to set
oneself in tune with the Ultimate Reality.
It is our privilege to bring to memory the life and teachings of this
spiritual saint and savant, a deeply unassuming, unostentatious and humble
soul, in whose mere presence one experienced a deep silence and peace which
emanated from him as fragrance from a flower.
While his teachings leaned towards the Jnana Marga of Upasana and
Meditation, his daily activities displayed a total, dynamic involvement in
mundane affairs. Work and Wisdom enjoyed a harmonious blend in his life.
Established, as it were, in a peerless state of inner tranquillity, he, freely
and with utmost felicity, engaged himself in the multifarious activities of
the Divine Life Society and the administration of the Ashram. He was also the
Editor of ‘The Divine Life’ for a number of years and continued as its
Publisher and Printer till the end.
Being an adept in Raja Yoga he could focus his mind on any given subject
and incisively penetrate into its very core. This gave him the uncanny ability
of understanding people and situations without any difficulty. His sharp and
perfect clarity of vision, based on his inner experience of Vedantic Truths,
enabled him to effortlessly link up any and every question or doubt with its
philosophical implication and thus, brought us back again and again, to the
one great longing and movement of the human soul for spiritual union.
His utter simplicity and childlike nature was so endearing, while his
mother-like, caring attitude was so reassuring. His wisdom, rationality,
intellectual genius, his unflinching dedication and devotion to Gurudev, his
ceaseless and tireless Seva and his deep concern for our spiritual welfare—all
this put together and more, made him so dearly precious to us all that we have
to repeatedly thank God and Gurudev for this great good fortune that had been
bestowed upon us.
A Master of Yoga, a centre of love, a dynamic man of action—a perfection
of personality as man and God in one—Swamiji will continue to live in the
heart of every sincere seeker for ever.
Stars do not set: they shine perpetually. They only appear to set to the
eyes of the observer, which are unable to see their continuous existence. The
souls of great Saints are spiritual luminaries in the firmament of spiritual
existence. They do not come and go in the ordinary sense of the term. The
passing of a Saint is not merely death of a human being, but a veritable
transfiguration of Nature.
Swamiji Maharaj is no more in his mortal frame. But the Light of his Soul
is now merged in every receptive individual soul. Swamiji lives in our hearts.
His passing away is not a matter to be grieved. For, he had fulfilled the
mission of his life—he had achieved the highest Goal, Self-realisation. The
Light of Swamiji’s Soul shines today brighter than ever.
He was an illustrious exponent par excellence of the Vedanta, not
merely through his scholarly erudition, but by actual experience. As a Supreme
Architect of the Transcendental Truth, he led and even now leads the weary
travellers on earth towards the Great Goal.
A life-long proof of the Truth of the Upanishads was what we called Swami
Krishnanandaji Maharaj. To follow his teachings and to grow up in that Ideal
Model is the best way to pay the most befitting homage to His Holiness.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Karin Rutz-Gießelmann
Karin Rutz-Gießelmann (born 16 January 1948) is a German fencer who competed at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics in foil events; her teams finished in fifth and fourth place, respectively. She won a silver team foil medal at the 1977 World Fencing Championships.
References
Category:1948 births
Category:Living people
Category:German female fencers
Category:Olympic fencers of West Germany
Category:Fencers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Category:Fencers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Category:People from Offenburg
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Autumn Winkler shared two photos on Monday of her daughter, Landyn Mount, with her American Saddlebred horse "An Unlisted Angel" and a video that shows the horse doing a new trick it's been working on for a few months.
"This past summer, Landyn decided she needed to teach her best friend in the world (the horse) how to bow in case any veterans ever stopped by the barn," Winkler said.
The horse is currently being kept in a stable just west of Clinton, Missouri.
"Everyone said this horse was untrainable, and this kid has worked nonstop to prove them wrong," Winkler said.
Winkler says Landyn just turned 14 and thought of teaching the horse the trick herself.
"Landyn would love to send out a warm thank you to all the veterans in the area," Winkler added.
Landyn's great-grandfather served in World War II, her grandfather served in the Vietnam War and her uncle also served in the military.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
History majors learn skills that make them highly competitive in today's job market. Primarily, historians analyze artifacts from the past to derive lessons about the present. This process, however, is far more interesting than memorizing dates, names, and facts. Modern historians locate, collect, analyze, and synthesize sources; they assess data with a critical eye, and apply modern theories to make sense of information; they take the general and make it specific, and provide convincing and compelling arguments that influence future decisions.
These skills can be applied to academics, education, government, and law, but they are equally sought after in the private sector. The skillset of a historian - which includes outstanding written and verbal communication skills, information analysis, argumentation, and persuasion - prepares students to be successful in today's competitive marketplace.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
CMake project shared dependencies
I have:
a shared library X, which is independent
a shared library Y, using X
an executable Z, which uses both X and Y
All of them have their own CMakeLists.txt, and can be configured and built independently.
However, I cannot make the CMakeLists.txt for the executable (Z) to work.
My approach has been this:
foreach(clib ${OWN_LIBS})
set(LIBS "${LIBS} ${clib}")
set(CLIB_DIR "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../lib${clib}")
set(CLIB_BUILD_DIR "${CLIB_DIR}/build")
add_subdirectory("${CLIB_DIR}" "${CLIB_BUILD_DIR}")
include_directories("${CLIB_DIR}/incl")
link_directories("${CLIB_BUILD_DIR}")
endforeach(clib)
With OWN_LIBS being just "X" in project Y, and being "X Y" in project Z.
This works for project Y, but in project Z, I get:
CMake Error at ... (add_subdirectory): The binary directory
.../libX/build
is already used to build a source directory. It cannot be used to
build source directory
.../libX
Specify a unique binary directory name.
I also tried trying to create a local build directory, so for e.g. there would be libY/build/deps-libX/ containing the configured and built library X (when used from Y), and Z having this for both X and Y.
Unfortunately, next I ran into:
add_library cannot create target "X" because another target with
the same name already exists. The existing target is a shared
library created in source directory
"libX". See
documentation for policy CMP0002 for more details.
Using ExternalProject is not an option.
A:
An additional answer for others:
I got this error because of a merge "error". In a larger project, after merging, a CMakeLists.txt called "add_subdirectory" twice on the same subdirectory. It causes the same error message.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
/* -*- linux-c -*-
* drivers/char/viotape.c
*
* iSeries Virtual Tape
*
* Authors: Dave Boutcher <boutcher@us.ibm.com>
* Ryan Arnold <ryanarn@us.ibm.com>
* Colin Devilbiss <devilbis@us.ibm.com>
* Stephen Rothwell <sfr@au1.ibm.com>
*
* (C) Copyright 2000-2004 IBM Corporation
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
* License, or (at your option) anyu later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
* WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*
* This routine provides access to tape drives owned and managed by an OS/400
* partition running on the same box as this Linux partition.
*
* All tape operations are performed by sending messages back and forth to
* the OS/400 partition. The format of the messages is defined in
* iseries/vio.h
*/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/mtio.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/ioctls.h>
#include <asm/firmware.h>
#include <asm/vio.h>
#include <asm/iseries/vio.h>
#include <asm/iseries/hv_lp_event.h>
#include <asm/iseries/hv_call_event.h>
#include <asm/iseries/hv_lp_config.h>
#define VIOTAPE_VERSION "1.2"
#define VIOTAPE_MAXREQ 1
#define VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN KERN_WARNING "viotape: "
#define VIOTAPE_KERN_INFO KERN_INFO "viotape: "
static int viotape_numdev;
/*
* The minor number follows the conventions of the SCSI tape drives. The
* rewind and mode are encoded in the minor #. We use this struct to break
* them out
*/
struct viot_devinfo_struct {
int devno;
int mode;
int rewind;
};
#define VIOTAPOP_RESET 0
#define VIOTAPOP_FSF 1
#define VIOTAPOP_BSF 2
#define VIOTAPOP_FSR 3
#define VIOTAPOP_BSR 4
#define VIOTAPOP_WEOF 5
#define VIOTAPOP_REW 6
#define VIOTAPOP_NOP 7
#define VIOTAPOP_EOM 8
#define VIOTAPOP_ERASE 9
#define VIOTAPOP_SETBLK 10
#define VIOTAPOP_SETDENSITY 11
#define VIOTAPOP_SETPOS 12
#define VIOTAPOP_GETPOS 13
#define VIOTAPOP_SETPART 14
#define VIOTAPOP_UNLOAD 15
struct viotapelpevent {
struct HvLpEvent event;
u32 reserved;
u16 version;
u16 sub_type_result;
u16 tape;
u16 flags;
u32 token;
u64 len;
union {
struct {
u32 tape_op;
u32 count;
} op;
struct {
u32 type;
u32 resid;
u32 dsreg;
u32 gstat;
u32 erreg;
u32 file_no;
u32 block_no;
} get_status;
struct {
u32 block_no;
} get_pos;
} u;
};
enum viotapesubtype {
viotapeopen = 0x0001,
viotapeclose = 0x0002,
viotaperead = 0x0003,
viotapewrite = 0x0004,
viotapegetinfo = 0x0005,
viotapeop = 0x0006,
viotapegetpos = 0x0007,
viotapesetpos = 0x0008,
viotapegetstatus = 0x0009
};
enum viotaperc {
viotape_InvalidRange = 0x0601,
viotape_InvalidToken = 0x0602,
viotape_DMAError = 0x0603,
viotape_UseError = 0x0604,
viotape_ReleaseError = 0x0605,
viotape_InvalidTape = 0x0606,
viotape_InvalidOp = 0x0607,
viotape_TapeErr = 0x0608,
viotape_AllocTimedOut = 0x0640,
viotape_BOTEnc = 0x0641,
viotape_BlankTape = 0x0642,
viotape_BufferEmpty = 0x0643,
viotape_CleanCartFound = 0x0644,
viotape_CmdNotAllowed = 0x0645,
viotape_CmdNotSupported = 0x0646,
viotape_DataCheck = 0x0647,
viotape_DecompressErr = 0x0648,
viotape_DeviceTimeout = 0x0649,
viotape_DeviceUnavail = 0x064a,
viotape_DeviceBusy = 0x064b,
viotape_EndOfMedia = 0x064c,
viotape_EndOfTape = 0x064d,
viotape_EquipCheck = 0x064e,
viotape_InsufficientRs = 0x064f,
viotape_InvalidLogBlk = 0x0650,
viotape_LengthError = 0x0651,
viotape_LibDoorOpen = 0x0652,
viotape_LoadFailure = 0x0653,
viotape_NotCapable = 0x0654,
viotape_NotOperational = 0x0655,
viotape_NotReady = 0x0656,
viotape_OpCancelled = 0x0657,
viotape_PhyLinkErr = 0x0658,
viotape_RdyNotBOT = 0x0659,
viotape_TapeMark = 0x065a,
viotape_WriteProt = 0x065b
};
static const struct vio_error_entry viotape_err_table[] = {
{ viotape_InvalidRange, EIO, "Internal error" },
{ viotape_InvalidToken, EIO, "Internal error" },
{ viotape_DMAError, EIO, "DMA error" },
{ viotape_UseError, EIO, "Internal error" },
{ viotape_ReleaseError, EIO, "Internal error" },
{ viotape_InvalidTape, EIO, "Invalid tape device" },
{ viotape_InvalidOp, EIO, "Invalid operation" },
{ viotape_TapeErr, EIO, "Tape error" },
{ viotape_AllocTimedOut, EBUSY, "Allocate timed out" },
{ viotape_BOTEnc, EIO, "Beginning of tape encountered" },
{ viotape_BlankTape, EIO, "Blank tape" },
{ viotape_BufferEmpty, EIO, "Buffer empty" },
{ viotape_CleanCartFound, ENOMEDIUM, "Cleaning cartridge found" },
{ viotape_CmdNotAllowed, EIO, "Command not allowed" },
{ viotape_CmdNotSupported, EIO, "Command not supported" },
{ viotape_DataCheck, EIO, "Data check" },
{ viotape_DecompressErr, EIO, "Decompression error" },
{ viotape_DeviceTimeout, EBUSY, "Device timeout" },
{ viotape_DeviceUnavail, EIO, "Device unavailable" },
{ viotape_DeviceBusy, EBUSY, "Device busy" },
{ viotape_EndOfMedia, ENOSPC, "End of media" },
{ viotape_EndOfTape, ENOSPC, "End of tape" },
{ viotape_EquipCheck, EIO, "Equipment check" },
{ viotape_InsufficientRs, EOVERFLOW, "Insufficient tape resources" },
{ viotape_InvalidLogBlk, EIO, "Invalid logical block location" },
{ viotape_LengthError, EOVERFLOW, "Length error" },
{ viotape_LibDoorOpen, EBUSY, "Door open" },
{ viotape_LoadFailure, ENOMEDIUM, "Load failure" },
{ viotape_NotCapable, EIO, "Not capable" },
{ viotape_NotOperational, EIO, "Not operational" },
{ viotape_NotReady, EIO, "Not ready" },
{ viotape_OpCancelled, EIO, "Operation cancelled" },
{ viotape_PhyLinkErr, EIO, "Physical link error" },
{ viotape_RdyNotBOT, EIO, "Ready but not beginning of tape" },
{ viotape_TapeMark, EIO, "Tape mark" },
{ viotape_WriteProt, EROFS, "Write protection error" },
{ 0, 0, NULL },
};
/* Maximum number of tapes we support */
#define VIOTAPE_MAX_TAPE HVMAXARCHITECTEDVIRTUALTAPES
#define MAX_PARTITIONS 4
/* defines for current tape state */
#define VIOT_IDLE 0
#define VIOT_READING 1
#define VIOT_WRITING 2
/* Our info on the tapes */
struct tape_descr {
char rsrcname[10];
char type[4];
char model[3];
};
static struct tape_descr *viotape_unitinfo;
static dma_addr_t viotape_unitinfo_token;
static struct mtget viomtget[VIOTAPE_MAX_TAPE];
static struct class *tape_class;
static struct device *tape_device[VIOTAPE_MAX_TAPE];
/*
* maintain the current state of each tape (and partition)
* so that we know when to write EOF marks.
*/
static struct {
unsigned char cur_part;
unsigned char part_stat_rwi[MAX_PARTITIONS];
} state[VIOTAPE_MAX_TAPE];
/* We single-thread */
static struct semaphore reqSem;
/*
* When we send a request, we use this struct to get the response back
* from the interrupt handler
*/
struct op_struct {
void *buffer;
dma_addr_t dmaaddr;
size_t count;
int rc;
int non_blocking;
struct completion com;
struct device *dev;
struct op_struct *next;
};
static spinlock_t op_struct_list_lock;
static struct op_struct *op_struct_list;
/* forward declaration to resolve interdependence */
static int chg_state(int index, unsigned char new_state, struct file *file);
/* procfs support */
static int proc_viotape_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
{
int i;
seq_printf(m, "viotape driver version " VIOTAPE_VERSION "\n");
for (i = 0; i < viotape_numdev; i++) {
seq_printf(m, "viotape device %d is iSeries resource %10.10s"
"type %4.4s, model %3.3s\n",
i, viotape_unitinfo[i].rsrcname,
viotape_unitinfo[i].type,
viotape_unitinfo[i].model);
}
return 0;
}
static int proc_viotape_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
return single_open(file, proc_viotape_show, NULL);
}
static const struct file_operations proc_viotape_operations = {
.open = proc_viotape_open,
.read = seq_read,
.llseek = seq_lseek,
.release = single_release,
};
/* Decode the device minor number into its parts */
void get_dev_info(struct inode *ino, struct viot_devinfo_struct *devi)
{
devi->devno = iminor(ino) & 0x1F;
devi->mode = (iminor(ino) & 0x60) >> 5;
/* if bit is set in the minor, do _not_ rewind automatically */
devi->rewind = (iminor(ino) & 0x80) == 0;
}
/* This is called only from the exit and init paths, so no need for locking */
static void clear_op_struct_pool(void)
{
while (op_struct_list) {
struct op_struct *toFree = op_struct_list;
op_struct_list = op_struct_list->next;
kfree(toFree);
}
}
/* Likewise, this is only called from the init path */
static int add_op_structs(int structs)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < structs; ++i) {
struct op_struct *new_struct =
kmalloc(sizeof(*new_struct), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!new_struct) {
clear_op_struct_pool();
return -ENOMEM;
}
new_struct->next = op_struct_list;
op_struct_list = new_struct;
}
return 0;
}
/* Allocate an op structure from our pool */
static struct op_struct *get_op_struct(void)
{
struct op_struct *retval;
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&op_struct_list_lock, flags);
retval = op_struct_list;
if (retval)
op_struct_list = retval->next;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&op_struct_list_lock, flags);
if (retval) {
memset(retval, 0, sizeof(*retval));
init_completion(&retval->com);
}
return retval;
}
/* Return an op structure to our pool */
static void free_op_struct(struct op_struct *op_struct)
{
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&op_struct_list_lock, flags);
op_struct->next = op_struct_list;
op_struct_list = op_struct;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&op_struct_list_lock, flags);
}
/* Map our tape return codes to errno values */
int tape_rc_to_errno(int tape_rc, char *operation, int tapeno)
{
const struct vio_error_entry *err;
if (tape_rc == 0)
return 0;
err = vio_lookup_rc(viotape_err_table, tape_rc);
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "error(%s) 0x%04x on Device %d (%-10s): %s\n",
operation, tape_rc, tapeno,
viotape_unitinfo[tapeno].rsrcname, err->msg);
return -err->errno;
}
/* Get info on all tapes from OS/400 */
static int get_viotape_info(void)
{
HvLpEvent_Rc hvrc;
int i;
size_t len = sizeof(*viotape_unitinfo) * VIOTAPE_MAX_TAPE;
struct op_struct *op = get_op_struct();
if (op == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
viotape_unitinfo = dma_alloc_coherent(iSeries_vio_dev, len,
&viotape_unitinfo_token, GFP_ATOMIC);
if (viotape_unitinfo == NULL) {
free_op_struct(op);
return -ENOMEM;
}
memset(viotape_unitinfo, 0, len);
hvrc = HvCallEvent_signalLpEventFast(viopath_hostLp,
HvLpEvent_Type_VirtualIo,
viomajorsubtype_tape | viotapegetinfo,
HvLpEvent_AckInd_DoAck, HvLpEvent_AckType_ImmediateAck,
viopath_sourceinst(viopath_hostLp),
viopath_targetinst(viopath_hostLp),
(u64) (unsigned long) op, VIOVERSION << 16,
viotape_unitinfo_token, len, 0, 0);
if (hvrc != HvLpEvent_Rc_Good) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "hv error on op %d\n",
(int)hvrc);
free_op_struct(op);
return -EIO;
}
wait_for_completion(&op->com);
free_op_struct(op);
for (i = 0;
((i < VIOTAPE_MAX_TAPE) && (viotape_unitinfo[i].rsrcname[0]));
i++)
viotape_numdev++;
return 0;
}
/* Write */
static ssize_t viotap_write(struct file *file, const char *buf,
size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
{
HvLpEvent_Rc hvrc;
unsigned short flags = file->f_flags;
int noblock = ((flags & O_NONBLOCK) != 0);
ssize_t ret;
struct viot_devinfo_struct devi;
struct op_struct *op = get_op_struct();
if (op == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
get_dev_info(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode, &devi);
/*
* We need to make sure we can send a request. We use
* a semaphore to keep track of # requests in use. If
* we are non-blocking, make sure we don't block on the
* semaphore
*/
if (noblock) {
if (down_trylock(&reqSem)) {
ret = -EWOULDBLOCK;
goto free_op;
}
} else
down(&reqSem);
/* Allocate a DMA buffer */
op->dev = tape_device[devi.devno];
op->buffer = dma_alloc_coherent(op->dev, count, &op->dmaaddr,
GFP_ATOMIC);
if (op->buffer == NULL) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN
"error allocating dma buffer for len %ld\n",
count);
ret = -EFAULT;
goto up_sem;
}
/* Copy the data into the buffer */
if (copy_from_user(op->buffer, buf, count)) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "tape: error on copy from user\n");
ret = -EFAULT;
goto free_dma;
}
op->non_blocking = noblock;
init_completion(&op->com);
op->count = count;
hvrc = HvCallEvent_signalLpEventFast(viopath_hostLp,
HvLpEvent_Type_VirtualIo,
viomajorsubtype_tape | viotapewrite,
HvLpEvent_AckInd_DoAck, HvLpEvent_AckType_ImmediateAck,
viopath_sourceinst(viopath_hostLp),
viopath_targetinst(viopath_hostLp),
(u64)(unsigned long)op, VIOVERSION << 16,
((u64)devi.devno << 48) | op->dmaaddr, count, 0, 0);
if (hvrc != HvLpEvent_Rc_Good) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "hv error on op %d\n",
(int)hvrc);
ret = -EIO;
goto free_dma;
}
if (noblock)
return count;
wait_for_completion(&op->com);
if (op->rc)
ret = tape_rc_to_errno(op->rc, "write", devi.devno);
else {
chg_state(devi.devno, VIOT_WRITING, file);
ret = op->count;
}
free_dma:
dma_free_coherent(op->dev, count, op->buffer, op->dmaaddr);
up_sem:
up(&reqSem);
free_op:
free_op_struct(op);
return ret;
}
/* read */
static ssize_t viotap_read(struct file *file, char *buf, size_t count,
loff_t *ptr)
{
HvLpEvent_Rc hvrc;
unsigned short flags = file->f_flags;
struct op_struct *op = get_op_struct();
int noblock = ((flags & O_NONBLOCK) != 0);
ssize_t ret;
struct viot_devinfo_struct devi;
if (op == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
get_dev_info(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode, &devi);
/*
* We need to make sure we can send a request. We use
* a semaphore to keep track of # requests in use. If
* we are non-blocking, make sure we don't block on the
* semaphore
*/
if (noblock) {
if (down_trylock(&reqSem)) {
ret = -EWOULDBLOCK;
goto free_op;
}
} else
down(&reqSem);
chg_state(devi.devno, VIOT_READING, file);
/* Allocate a DMA buffer */
op->dev = tape_device[devi.devno];
op->buffer = dma_alloc_coherent(op->dev, count, &op->dmaaddr,
GFP_ATOMIC);
if (op->buffer == NULL) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto up_sem;
}
op->count = count;
init_completion(&op->com);
hvrc = HvCallEvent_signalLpEventFast(viopath_hostLp,
HvLpEvent_Type_VirtualIo,
viomajorsubtype_tape | viotaperead,
HvLpEvent_AckInd_DoAck, HvLpEvent_AckType_ImmediateAck,
viopath_sourceinst(viopath_hostLp),
viopath_targetinst(viopath_hostLp),
(u64)(unsigned long)op, VIOVERSION << 16,
((u64)devi.devno << 48) | op->dmaaddr, count, 0, 0);
if (hvrc != HvLpEvent_Rc_Good) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "tape hv error on op %d\n",
(int)hvrc);
ret = -EIO;
goto free_dma;
}
wait_for_completion(&op->com);
if (op->rc)
ret = tape_rc_to_errno(op->rc, "read", devi.devno);
else {
ret = op->count;
if (ret && copy_to_user(buf, op->buffer, ret)) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "error on copy_to_user\n");
ret = -EFAULT;
}
}
free_dma:
dma_free_coherent(op->dev, count, op->buffer, op->dmaaddr);
up_sem:
up(&reqSem);
free_op:
free_op_struct(op);
return ret;
}
/* ioctl */
static int viotap_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *file,
unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
HvLpEvent_Rc hvrc;
int ret;
struct viot_devinfo_struct devi;
struct mtop mtc;
u32 myOp;
struct op_struct *op = get_op_struct();
if (op == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
get_dev_info(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode, &devi);
down(&reqSem);
ret = -EINVAL;
switch (cmd) {
case MTIOCTOP:
ret = -EFAULT;
/*
* inode is null if and only if we (the kernel)
* made the request
*/
if (inode == NULL)
memcpy(&mtc, (void *) arg, sizeof(struct mtop));
else if (copy_from_user((char *)&mtc, (char *)arg,
sizeof(struct mtop)))
goto free_op;
ret = -EIO;
switch (mtc.mt_op) {
case MTRESET:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_RESET;
break;
case MTFSF:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_FSF;
break;
case MTBSF:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_BSF;
break;
case MTFSR:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_FSR;
break;
case MTBSR:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_BSR;
break;
case MTWEOF:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_WEOF;
break;
case MTREW:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_REW;
break;
case MTNOP:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_NOP;
break;
case MTEOM:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_EOM;
break;
case MTERASE:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_ERASE;
break;
case MTSETBLK:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_SETBLK;
break;
case MTSETDENSITY:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_SETDENSITY;
break;
case MTTELL:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_GETPOS;
break;
case MTSEEK:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_SETPOS;
break;
case MTSETPART:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_SETPART;
break;
case MTOFFL:
myOp = VIOTAPOP_UNLOAD;
break;
default:
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "MTIOCTOP called "
"with invalid op 0x%x\n", mtc.mt_op);
goto free_op;
}
/*
* if we moved the head, we are no longer
* reading or writing
*/
switch (mtc.mt_op) {
case MTFSF:
case MTBSF:
case MTFSR:
case MTBSR:
case MTTELL:
case MTSEEK:
case MTREW:
chg_state(devi.devno, VIOT_IDLE, file);
}
init_completion(&op->com);
hvrc = HvCallEvent_signalLpEventFast(viopath_hostLp,
HvLpEvent_Type_VirtualIo,
viomajorsubtype_tape | viotapeop,
HvLpEvent_AckInd_DoAck,
HvLpEvent_AckType_ImmediateAck,
viopath_sourceinst(viopath_hostLp),
viopath_targetinst(viopath_hostLp),
(u64)(unsigned long)op,
VIOVERSION << 16,
((u64)devi.devno << 48), 0,
(((u64)myOp) << 32) | mtc.mt_count, 0);
if (hvrc != HvLpEvent_Rc_Good) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "hv error on op %d\n",
(int)hvrc);
goto free_op;
}
wait_for_completion(&op->com);
ret = tape_rc_to_errno(op->rc, "tape operation", devi.devno);
goto free_op;
case MTIOCGET:
ret = -EIO;
init_completion(&op->com);
hvrc = HvCallEvent_signalLpEventFast(viopath_hostLp,
HvLpEvent_Type_VirtualIo,
viomajorsubtype_tape | viotapegetstatus,
HvLpEvent_AckInd_DoAck,
HvLpEvent_AckType_ImmediateAck,
viopath_sourceinst(viopath_hostLp),
viopath_targetinst(viopath_hostLp),
(u64)(unsigned long)op, VIOVERSION << 16,
((u64)devi.devno << 48), 0, 0, 0);
if (hvrc != HvLpEvent_Rc_Good) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "hv error on op %d\n",
(int)hvrc);
goto free_op;
}
wait_for_completion(&op->com);
/* Operation is complete - grab the error code */
ret = tape_rc_to_errno(op->rc, "get status", devi.devno);
free_op_struct(op);
up(&reqSem);
if ((ret == 0) && copy_to_user((void *)arg,
&viomtget[devi.devno],
sizeof(viomtget[0])))
ret = -EFAULT;
return ret;
case MTIOCPOS:
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "Got an (unsupported) MTIOCPOS\n");
break;
default:
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "got an unsupported ioctl 0x%0x\n",
cmd);
break;
}
free_op:
free_op_struct(op);
up(&reqSem);
return ret;
}
static int viotap_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
HvLpEvent_Rc hvrc;
struct viot_devinfo_struct devi;
int ret;
struct op_struct *op = get_op_struct();
if (op == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
get_dev_info(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode, &devi);
/* Note: We currently only support one mode! */
if ((devi.devno >= viotape_numdev) || (devi.mode)) {
ret = -ENODEV;
goto free_op;
}
init_completion(&op->com);
hvrc = HvCallEvent_signalLpEventFast(viopath_hostLp,
HvLpEvent_Type_VirtualIo,
viomajorsubtype_tape | viotapeopen,
HvLpEvent_AckInd_DoAck, HvLpEvent_AckType_ImmediateAck,
viopath_sourceinst(viopath_hostLp),
viopath_targetinst(viopath_hostLp),
(u64)(unsigned long)op, VIOVERSION << 16,
((u64)devi.devno << 48), 0, 0, 0);
if (hvrc != 0) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "bad rc on signalLpEvent %d\n",
(int) hvrc);
ret = -EIO;
goto free_op;
}
wait_for_completion(&op->com);
ret = tape_rc_to_errno(op->rc, "open", devi.devno);
free_op:
free_op_struct(op);
return ret;
}
static int viotap_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
HvLpEvent_Rc hvrc;
struct viot_devinfo_struct devi;
int ret = 0;
struct op_struct *op = get_op_struct();
if (op == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
init_completion(&op->com);
get_dev_info(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode, &devi);
if (devi.devno >= viotape_numdev) {
ret = -ENODEV;
goto free_op;
}
chg_state(devi.devno, VIOT_IDLE, file);
if (devi.rewind) {
hvrc = HvCallEvent_signalLpEventFast(viopath_hostLp,
HvLpEvent_Type_VirtualIo,
viomajorsubtype_tape | viotapeop,
HvLpEvent_AckInd_DoAck,
HvLpEvent_AckType_ImmediateAck,
viopath_sourceinst(viopath_hostLp),
viopath_targetinst(viopath_hostLp),
(u64)(unsigned long)op, VIOVERSION << 16,
((u64)devi.devno << 48), 0,
((u64)VIOTAPOP_REW) << 32, 0);
wait_for_completion(&op->com);
tape_rc_to_errno(op->rc, "rewind", devi.devno);
}
hvrc = HvCallEvent_signalLpEventFast(viopath_hostLp,
HvLpEvent_Type_VirtualIo,
viomajorsubtype_tape | viotapeclose,
HvLpEvent_AckInd_DoAck, HvLpEvent_AckType_ImmediateAck,
viopath_sourceinst(viopath_hostLp),
viopath_targetinst(viopath_hostLp),
(u64)(unsigned long)op, VIOVERSION << 16,
((u64)devi.devno << 48), 0, 0, 0);
if (hvrc != 0) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "bad rc on signalLpEvent %d\n",
(int) hvrc);
ret = -EIO;
goto free_op;
}
wait_for_completion(&op->com);
if (op->rc)
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "close failed\n");
free_op:
free_op_struct(op);
return ret;
}
const struct file_operations viotap_fops = {
owner: THIS_MODULE,
read: viotap_read,
write: viotap_write,
ioctl: viotap_ioctl,
open: viotap_open,
release: viotap_release,
};
/* Handle interrupt events for tape */
static void vioHandleTapeEvent(struct HvLpEvent *event)
{
int tapeminor;
struct op_struct *op;
struct viotapelpevent *tevent = (struct viotapelpevent *)event;
if (event == NULL) {
/* Notification that a partition went away! */
if (!viopath_isactive(viopath_hostLp)) {
/* TODO! Clean up */
}
return;
}
tapeminor = event->xSubtype & VIOMINOR_SUBTYPE_MASK;
op = (struct op_struct *)event->xCorrelationToken;
switch (tapeminor) {
case viotapegetinfo:
case viotapeopen:
case viotapeclose:
op->rc = tevent->sub_type_result;
complete(&op->com);
break;
case viotaperead:
op->rc = tevent->sub_type_result;
op->count = tevent->len;
complete(&op->com);
break;
case viotapewrite:
if (op->non_blocking) {
dma_free_coherent(op->dev, op->count,
op->buffer, op->dmaaddr);
free_op_struct(op);
up(&reqSem);
} else {
op->rc = tevent->sub_type_result;
op->count = tevent->len;
complete(&op->com);
}
break;
case viotapeop:
case viotapegetpos:
case viotapesetpos:
case viotapegetstatus:
if (op) {
op->count = tevent->u.op.count;
op->rc = tevent->sub_type_result;
if (!op->non_blocking)
complete(&op->com);
}
break;
default:
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "weird ack\n");
}
}
static int viotape_probe(struct vio_dev *vdev, const struct vio_device_id *id)
{
int i = vdev->unit_address;
int j;
if (i >= viotape_numdev)
return -ENODEV;
tape_device[i] = &vdev->dev;
state[i].cur_part = 0;
for (j = 0; j < MAX_PARTITIONS; ++j)
state[i].part_stat_rwi[j] = VIOT_IDLE;
class_device_create(tape_class, NULL, MKDEV(VIOTAPE_MAJOR, i), NULL,
"iseries!vt%d", i);
class_device_create(tape_class, NULL, MKDEV(VIOTAPE_MAJOR, i | 0x80),
NULL, "iseries!nvt%d", i);
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_INFO "tape iseries/vt%d is iSeries "
"resource %10.10s type %4.4s, model %3.3s\n",
i, viotape_unitinfo[i].rsrcname,
viotape_unitinfo[i].type, viotape_unitinfo[i].model);
return 0;
}
static int viotape_remove(struct vio_dev *vdev)
{
int i = vdev->unit_address;
class_device_destroy(tape_class, MKDEV(VIOTAPE_MAJOR, i | 0x80));
class_device_destroy(tape_class, MKDEV(VIOTAPE_MAJOR, i));
return 0;
}
/**
* viotape_device_table: Used by vio.c to match devices that we
* support.
*/
static struct vio_device_id viotape_device_table[] __devinitdata = {
{ "byte", "IBM,iSeries-viotape" },
{ "", "" }
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(vio, viotape_device_table);
static struct vio_driver viotape_driver = {
.id_table = viotape_device_table,
.probe = viotape_probe,
.remove = viotape_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "viotape",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
}
};
int __init viotap_init(void)
{
int ret;
struct proc_dir_entry *e;
if (!firmware_has_feature(FW_FEATURE_ISERIES))
return -ENODEV;
op_struct_list = NULL;
if ((ret = add_op_structs(VIOTAPE_MAXREQ)) < 0) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "couldn't allocate op structs\n");
return ret;
}
spin_lock_init(&op_struct_list_lock);
sema_init(&reqSem, VIOTAPE_MAXREQ);
if (viopath_hostLp == HvLpIndexInvalid) {
vio_set_hostlp();
if (viopath_hostLp == HvLpIndexInvalid) {
ret = -ENODEV;
goto clear_op;
}
}
ret = viopath_open(viopath_hostLp, viomajorsubtype_tape,
VIOTAPE_MAXREQ + 2);
if (ret) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN
"error on viopath_open to hostlp %d\n", ret);
ret = -EIO;
goto clear_op;
}
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_INFO "vers " VIOTAPE_VERSION
", hosting partition %d\n", viopath_hostLp);
vio_setHandler(viomajorsubtype_tape, vioHandleTapeEvent);
ret = register_chrdev(VIOTAPE_MAJOR, "viotape", &viotap_fops);
if (ret < 0) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "Error registering viotape device\n");
goto clear_handler;
}
tape_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "tape");
if (IS_ERR(tape_class)) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "Unable to allocat class\n");
ret = PTR_ERR(tape_class);
goto unreg_chrdev;
}
if ((ret = get_viotape_info()) < 0) {
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "Unable to obtain virtual device information");
goto unreg_class;
}
ret = vio_register_driver(&viotape_driver);
if (ret)
goto unreg_class;
e = create_proc_entry("iSeries/viotape", S_IFREG|S_IRUGO, NULL);
if (e) {
e->owner = THIS_MODULE;
e->proc_fops = &proc_viotape_operations;
}
return 0;
unreg_class:
class_destroy(tape_class);
unreg_chrdev:
unregister_chrdev(VIOTAPE_MAJOR, "viotape");
clear_handler:
vio_clearHandler(viomajorsubtype_tape);
viopath_close(viopath_hostLp, viomajorsubtype_tape, VIOTAPE_MAXREQ + 2);
clear_op:
clear_op_struct_pool();
return ret;
}
/* Give a new state to the tape object */
static int chg_state(int index, unsigned char new_state, struct file *file)
{
unsigned char *cur_state =
&state[index].part_stat_rwi[state[index].cur_part];
int rc = 0;
/* if the same state, don't bother */
if (*cur_state == new_state)
return 0;
/* write an EOF if changing from writing to some other state */
if (*cur_state == VIOT_WRITING) {
struct mtop write_eof = { MTWEOF, 1 };
rc = viotap_ioctl(NULL, file, MTIOCTOP,
(unsigned long)&write_eof);
}
*cur_state = new_state;
return rc;
}
/* Cleanup */
static void __exit viotap_exit(void)
{
int ret;
remove_proc_entry("iSeries/viotape", NULL);
vio_unregister_driver(&viotape_driver);
class_destroy(tape_class);
ret = unregister_chrdev(VIOTAPE_MAJOR, "viotape");
if (ret < 0)
printk(VIOTAPE_KERN_WARN "Error unregistering device: %d\n",
ret);
if (viotape_unitinfo)
dma_free_coherent(iSeries_vio_dev,
sizeof(viotape_unitinfo[0]) * VIOTAPE_MAX_TAPE,
viotape_unitinfo, viotape_unitinfo_token);
viopath_close(viopath_hostLp, viomajorsubtype_tape, VIOTAPE_MAXREQ + 2);
vio_clearHandler(viomajorsubtype_tape);
clear_op_struct_pool();
}
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
module_init(viotap_init);
module_exit(viotap_exit);
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Q:
How to change download url path in wordpress to www.yoursite.com/download?
I am trying to hide or shorten the link to files or picture uploaded to the wp-content/uploads folder.
By default in WordPress if you upload and image, pdf, etc and insert it into a post or page it will have a link like this:
mysite.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/picture.jpg"
I want to hide the reference to all WP folders on my site. I am trying to find a way that the URL will display like this instead.
mysite.org/uploads/2014/08/picture.jpg"
or
mysite.org/uploads/picture.jpg"
or
mysite.org/picture.jpg"
Is there a plugin or some hack that will let me hide the "wp-content" from showing up in my urls?
A:
Add this to your wp-config.php file for your website.
define( 'UPLOADS', 'downloads' );
Then using FTP or RDP (or however you access your server), create a folder called "downloads" in the root directory of the WordPress site.
Then you need to uncheck the box for the "Organize my uploads into month- and year-based folders" option in Settings > Media of the WordPress admin.
Note: If you already have files in the media library, those will need to be moved over and all references to the old uploads folder in the database changed, if you want it all to be consistent.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
"Few vs. Several vs. Handful" Survey
I've gathered all the responses I need for now. Thank you for your participation!
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
eger?
21
What is 401122 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
633
What is the third root of 1155141 to the nearest integer?
105
What is the third root of 698748 to the nearest integer?
89
What is 69777 to the power of 1/5, to the nearest integer?
9
What is the third root of 27459320 to the nearest integer?
302
What is the third root of 664260 to the nearest integer?
87
What is the eighth root of 371200 to the nearest integer?
5
What is the third root of 142532 to the nearest integer?
52
What is 6350459 to the power of 1/10, to the nearest integer?
5
What is 12443382 to the power of 1/5, to the nearest integer?
26
What is the third root of 291830 to the nearest integer?
66
What is the eighth root of 1346708 to the nearest integer?
6
What is the cube root of 494131 to the nearest integer?
79
What is 1598332 to the power of 1/3, to the nearest integer?
117
What is the square root of 573576 to the nearest integer?
757
What is the cube root of 190933 to the nearest integer?
58
What is the cube root of 1485473 to the nearest integer?
114
What is 90317 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
301
What is 22964657 to the power of 1/3, to the nearest integer?
284
What is the cube root of 6570506 to the nearest integer?
187
What is the third root of 2993092 to the nearest integer?
144
What is the seventh root of 162896 to the nearest integer?
6
What is 6164947 to the power of 1/3, to the nearest integer?
183
What is the square root of 1772917 to the nearest integer?
1332
What is the tenth root of 14982 to the nearest integer?
3
What is 6593138 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
2568
What is 245230 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
495
What is 1012582 to the power of 1/4, to the nearest integer?
32
What is the tenth root of 71434 to the nearest integer?
3
What is 170332 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
413
What is 3202914 to the power of 1/4, to the nearest integer?
42
What is 322088 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
568
What is 6486900 to the power of 1/3, to the nearest integer?
187
What is 631419 to the power of 1/5, to the nearest integer?
14
What is the ninth root of 380808 to the nearest integer?
4
What is 106524 to the power of 1/3, to the nearest integer?
47
What is 169054 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
411
What is the third root of 1396662 to the nearest integer?
112
What is the square root of 141467 to the nearest integer?
376
What is the cube root of 325104 to the nearest integer?
69
What is the third root of 705859 to the nearest integer?
89
What is 2409144 to the power of 1/6, to the nearest integer?
12
What is 2626600 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
1621
What is the sixth root of 243332 to the nearest integer?
8
What is 19215032 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
4383
What is 270930 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
521
What is 64619 to the power of 1/4, to the nearest integer?
16
What is 12434540 to the power of 1/5, to the nearest integer?
26
What is the cube root of 5511996 to the nearest integer?
177
What is the fourth root of 1790081 to the nearest integer?
37
What is the square root of 13419624 to the nearest integer?
3663
What is the third root of 61519 to the nearest integer?
39
What is 4916739 to the power of 1/3, to the nearest integer?
170
What is the cube root of 1962709 to the nearest integer?
125
What is 5064204 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
2250
What is the fifth root of 752284 to the nearest integer?
15
What is 813057 to the power of 1/3, to the nearest integer?
93
What is the eighth root of 296377 to the nearest integer?
5
What is 7642125 to the power of 1/3, to the nearest integer?
197
What is 3145393 to the power of 1/5, to the nearest integer?
20
What is the square root of 12473 to the nearest integer?
112
What is the square root of 51077 to the nearest integer?
226
What is 13081949 to the power of 1/5, to the nearest integer?
27
What is the third root of 27916 to the nearest integer?
30
What is 413364 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
643
What is the cube root of 8937290 to the nearest integer?
208
What is the third root of 7921034 to the nearest integer?
199
What is the seventh root of 13520018 to the nearest integer?
10
What is the square root of 54577 to the nearest integer?
234
What is the third root of 1443779 to the nearest integer?
113
What is 644677 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
803
What is the fourth root of 1634317 to the nearest integer?
36
What is 1131436 to the power of 1/4, to the nearest integer?
33
What is the cube root of 3008608 to the nearest integer?
144
What is the seventh root of 3824 to the nearest integer?
3
What is 1736490 to the power of 1/9, to the nearest integer?
5
What is 352622 to the power of 1/10, to the nearest integer?
4
What is 6589996 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
2567
What is 14078706 to the power of 1/7, to the nearest integer?
11
What is the fourth root of 513161 to the nearest integer?
27
What is the fifth root of 9970234 to the nearest integer?
25
What is 1870232 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
1368
What is 1969670 to the power of 1/6, to the nearest integer?
11
What is 308626 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
556
What is the cube root of 1899609 to the nearest integer?
124
What is 220604 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
470
What is 2691233 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
1640
What is 7044454 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
2654
What is the tenth root of 9159958 to the nearest integer?
5
What is the fifth root of 7026768 to the nearest integer?
23
What is 572687 to the power of 1/3, to the nearest integer?
83
What is the cube root of 15901565 to the nearest integer?
251
What is 99470 to the power of 1/6, to the nearest integer?
7
What is 389477 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
624
What is 407853 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
639
What is 322186 to the power of 1/4, to the nearest integer?
24
What is the third root of 15397255 to the nearest integer?
249
What is the square root of 418860 to the nearest integer?
647
What is 1205777 to the power of 1/4, to the nearest integer?
33
What is the tenth root of 2206596 to the nearest integer?
4
What is the square root of 20375234 to the nearest integer?
4514
What is the third root of 2657718 to the nearest integer?
139
What is the square root of 775665 to the nearest integer?
881
What is 264541 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
514
What is 19110186 to the power of 1/6, to the nearest integer?
16
What is the cube root of 11815499 to the nearest integer?
228
What is the third root of 2422691 to the nearest integer?
134
What is the square root of 354361 to the nearest integer?
595
What is 1899833 to the power of 1/5, to the nearest integer?
18
What is the cube root of 461908 to the nearest integer?
77
What is the cube root of 20323835 to the nearest integer?
273
What is the eighth root of 29774774 to the nearest integer?
9
What is 783130 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
885
What is the fourth root of 551483 to the nearest integer?
27
What is the cube root of 1805641 to the nearest integer?
122
What is the third root of 10988546 to the nearest integer?
222
What is the square root of 1345930 to the nearest integer?
1160
What is the tenth root of 283205 to the nearest integer?
4
What is 9491101 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
3081
What is 2227639 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
1493
What is 235152 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
485
What is the square root of 515930 to the nearest integer?
718
What is the third root of 12526693 to the nearest integer?
232
What is the third root of 3720554 to the nearest integer?
155
What is the sixth root of 4761987 to the nearest integer?
13
What is 534566 to the power of 1/6, to the nearest integer?
9
What is 778125 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer?
882
What is the square root of 4800633 to the nearest integer?
2191
What is the third root of 641902 to the nearest integer?
86
What is the cube root of 222552 to the nearest integer?
61
What is the cube root of 1513541 to the nearest integer?
|
{
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
}
|
Proteome reference map of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and quantitative proteomics towards understanding the prebiotic action of lactitol.
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a probiotic bacterium adapted to survive in the gastrointestinal tract and with potential health benefits to the host. Lactitol is a synthetic sugar alcohol used as a sugar replacement in low calorie foods and selectively stimulating growth of L. acidophilus NCFM. In the present study the whole-cell extract proteome of L. acidophilus NCFM grown on glucose until late exponential phase was resolved by 2-DE (pH 3-7). A total of 275 unique proteins assigned to various physiological processes were identified from 650 spots. Differential 2-DE (DIGE) (pH 4-7) of L. acidophilus NCFM grown on glucose and lactitol, revealed 68 spots with modified relative intensity. Thirty-two unique proteins were identified in 41 of these spots changing 1.6-12.7-fold in relative abundance by adaptation of L. acidophilus NCFM to growth on lactitol. These proteins included β-galactosidase small subunit, galactokinase, galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase and UDP-glucose-4-epimerase, which all are potentially involved in lactitol metabolism. This first comprehensive proteome analysis of L. acidophilus NCFM provides insights into protein abundance changes elicited by the prebiotic lactitol.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates in general to an article of furniture, and, more particularly, to that class known as wardrobes.
2. Description of the Related Art
Wardrobes must act as repositories for a large number of small and large wardrobe articles such as shirts, belts and jewelry. The problem is then to store these variously sized items in a compact, yet readily accessible manner for presentation and use that does not wrinkle or mess the items for wear.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
#ifndef NEW_HANDLER_HPP_2B8C1974_7EFE_41DA_A92F_545A01D34A08
#define NEW_HANDLER_HPP_2B8C1974_7EFE_41DA_A92F_545A01D34A08
#pragma once
/*
new_handler.hpp
*/
/*
Copyright © 2017 Far Group
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. The name of the authors may not be used to endorse or promote products
derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
// Internal:
// Platform:
#include "platform.hpp"
// Common:
// External:
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class new_handler
{
public:
NONCOPYABLE(new_handler);
new_handler();
~new_handler();
bool retry() const;
private:
COORD m_BufferSize;
os::handle m_Screen;
std::new_handler m_OldHandler{};
};
void invoke_new_handler();
#endif // NEW_HANDLER_HPP_2B8C1974_7EFE_41DA_A92F_545A01D34A08
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
using Xunit;
namespace System.Runtime.InteropServices.Tests
{
public class ImportedFromTypeLibAttributeTests
{
[Theory]
[InlineData(null)]
[InlineData("Value")]
public void Ctor_TlbFile(string tlbFile)
{
var attribute = new ImportedFromTypeLibAttribute(tlbFile);
Assert.Equal(tlbFile, attribute.Value);
}
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
A sikh removes his turban and uses it to save a dog after seeing the dog drowning in an irrigation canal in India.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Trendy Modern Dark Bathroom Design
Trendy cutting-edge day dim restroom visualizations faultless balance, uniform shapes, and essential ease compose this excellent contemporary restroom as certainly certainly a of admirable style and style guideline. After look at along at the cool contemporary darkish restroom photograph very carefully perhaps you’ll get a number of one particular of a kind idea that they are used by yourself pattern.
The contemporary restroom planner proficiently establish with each other extraordinary overview harmonization right into a unification to made rather modern restroom. Applying wise design plan progression and high light design goal could be one of the keys point of this stylish modern darkish restroom mature to become one of magnificent modern rest room design.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
Use Bash associative array in CMake
I have the need to access a bash associative array element via cmake. So assume that my declaration and access was something like the following in bash:
~ declare -x someText=124
~ echo $someText
124
~ declare -A mymap=( [foo]=bar [baz]=quux)
~ echo ${mymap[foo]}
bar
Access in CMakeLists.txt would be:
message(STATUS "$ENV{someText})
message(STATUS "$ENV{mymap})
when I run cmake I get the following:
-- 124
--
So, the associative array cannot be accessed via the $ENV{} cmake command. Any ideas how to access it? To be specific, I don't care about the complete associative array, just one element in it.
A:
CMake cannot access array variables created in a bash shell.
Process cmake doesn't see an array variable - unlike to "normal" variable, array variable isn't part of the environment passed to the process.
Even another bash subprocess doesn't see array variable, see this question.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
SEARCH RESULTS
Pell Grant Program
The federal Pell Grant program has expanded for 2010-11, and the number of Pell Grant qualifications has also changed slightly. If you want to apply for this grant you must pay attention to these changes, and adjust your methodology for applying in an appropriate manner.
While most students know that the Pell Grant program can provide them with a significant amount of financial aid on an annual basis, very few students understand the various eligibility requirements that can allow them to qualify for this federal award. In truth, these requirements are fairly simple and easy to comprehend, and upon review should give any student who may want to become eligible for a Pell Grant the ability to apply with confidence.
A student's income will have a profound effect on their ability to get a Pell Grant, and there are certain guidelines in terms of income that a student should pay attention to if they want to get approved for a Pell Grant.
The Pell Grant as a financial aid instrument is constantly evolving, and because of this you must understand that the actual amount of aid you are able to receive will most likely not be the same two years in a row. Read below to find out explicitly how this is going to affect you for 2010-11.
Students often have difficulty gauging their eligibility status for the federal Pell Grant program. This really shouldn't be too much of a problem though, as there are only a handful eligibility criteria that students need to pay attention to. These include the following list of requirements that are included in this brief synopsis.
A new grant program from Iowa Student Loan will provide
$2,000 cash grants to first-year teachers in Iowa who accept assignments in
certain “shortage areas,” as designated by the state Department of Education.
If you
are perusing freelance writing jobs you will often come across requests for a
Grant Writer. This obscure term is not so obscure when you begin to understand
what a grant writer is, and what they do. Grant writers, in fact, can earn very
decent money writing their requested items, so let’s look in simple terms at
what a grant writer does....
My goal is to help you decipher what you should expect from grant writers, finders and software programs. Ultimately, I want you to avoid being lured into some rip-off or scam circulating out there on the Internet. In doing so, I will also offer some resources that I have found to be worth your time or at least researching.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Endoscopically Assisted Middle Cranial Fossa Reconstruction Following Traumatic Intracranial Intrusion of the Mandibular Condyle.
Traumatic intracranial intrusions of the mandibular condyle are a rare injury pattern that carries significant morbid outcomes due to potential for neurological, otological, temporomandibular joint damage, or joint ankylosis. Treatment modalities involve either closed reduction, open approaches via transcranial or subtemporal approaches, or delayed total joint replacement. This paper presents a clinical report of a traumatic intracranial intrusion of the mandibular condyle treated with an endoscopically assisted preauricular approach to reconstruct the middle cranial fossa and temporomandibular articular disc. Endoscopically assisted techniques allow for minimally invasive and less morbid surgical interventions to this pathology, with greater precision than closed reduction techniques.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Democratic voters in the 3rd Congressional District have a choice between two smart first-time candidates in their party's runoff for this open Collin County seat.
We tip for lawyer Lorie Burch over attorney Sam Johnson, given her five years of experience working with congressional leaders in Washington and her leadership as national president of the bipartisan American Business Women's Association.
Burch, a 41-year-old Plano resident who owns her own law practice, has strong collaborative instincts. For instance, she told us she would join a climate caucus with diverse viewpoints to address global warming and seek common ground to create an easier path to legalization for immigrants.
Lorie Burch for U.S. Congress Texas District 3 (Lisa Means / )
Burch also recognizes that investing more in education and providing access to affordable health care are ways to try to close the income gap between the rich and the poor.
Johnson, 35, with the same name as — but not related to — retiring GOP Rep. Sam Johnson, is earnest and professional. The longtime district resident has pragmatic ideas and a record of community service. But his experience is thinner than Burch's, potentially making him less effective.
The winner of this race will face a Republican opponent in November.
Ready to vote?
Part of a series of Dallas Morning News recommendations in the primary runoffs:
Early voting starts: May 14
May 22
Voters Guide: Compare candidates' answers to questionnaires tailored to their contest. voterguide.dallasnews.com/2018-runoffs/
Recommendations: Find a list of our Democratic and Republican recommendations to date. dallasnews.com/opinion
For more information:
Collin County 1-800-687-8546 co.collin.tx.us/elections
Dallas County 214-819-6300 dallascountyvotes.org
Denton County 940-349-3200 votedenton.com
Ellis County 972-825-5195 co.ellis.tx.us/312/Elections
Kaufman County 972-932-0298 kaufmancounty.org/elections
Rockwall County 972-204-6200 rockwallvotes.com
Tarrant County 817-831-8683 access.tarrantcounty.com/en/elections.html
For more help, including how to check your registration status, contact the Texas secretary of state at 1-800-252-8683 or visit votetexas.gov
What's your view?
Got an opinion about this issue? Send a letter to the editor, and you just might get published.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
local seed = 12345
torch.manualSeed(seed)
require 'Imports'
local cmd = GeneralOptions:get_flags()
local params = cmd:parse(arg)
if(params.profile == 1) then
require 'Pepperfish'
profiler = new_profiler()
profiler:start()
end
print(params)
local use_cuda = params.gpuid >= 0
params.use_cuda= use_cuda
if(use_cuda)then
print('USING GPU '..params.gpuid)
require 'cutorch'
require 'cunn'
cutorch.setDevice(params.gpuid + 1)
cutorch.manualSeed(seed)
if(params.cudnn == 1) then
print('using cudnn')
require 'cudnn'
end
end
local load_problem
if(params.problem == "SequenceTagging") then
load_problem = function(params)
local problem_config = torch.load(params.problem_config)
problem_config.batch_size = params.batch_size
local y_shape = {problem_config.batch_size,problem_config.length,problem_config.domain_size}
problem_config.y_shape = y_shape
local model = ChainSPEN(problem_config,params)
local evaluator_factory = function(batcher, soft_predictor)
local hard_predictor = RoundingPredictor(soft_predictor,y_shape)
return HammingEvaluator(batcher, function(x) return hard_predictor:predict(x) end)
end
local preprocess_func = nil
local train_batcher = BatcherFromFile(params.train_list, preprocess_func, params.batch_size, use_cuda)
local test_batcher = BatcherFromFile(params.test_list, preprocess_func, params.batch_size, use_cuda)
return model, y_shape, evaluator_factory, preprocess_func, train_batcher, test_batcher
end
elseif(params.problem == "MultiLabelClassification") then
load_problem = function(params)
local problem_config = torch.load(params.problem_config)
problem_config.batch_size = params.batch_size
local y_shape = {problem_config.batch_size,problem_config.label_dim,2}
problem_config.y_shape = y_shape
local model = MLCSPEN(problem_config,params)
local evaluator_factory = function(batcher, soft_predictor)
return MultiLabelEvaluation(batcher, soft_predictor, problem_config.prediction_thresh, params.results_file)
end
local adder = nn.AddConstant(1)
if(use_cuda) then adder:cuda() end
preprocess_func = function(a,b,c) return adder:forward(a):clone(), b, c end --TODO: make this unnecessary by preprocessing data differently. Right now, the labels are 0-indexed, so we have to add one.
local train_batcher = BatcherFromFile(params.train_list, preprocess_func, params.batch_size, use_cuda)
local test_batcher = BatcherFromFile(params.test_list, preprocess_func, params.batch_size, use_cuda)
return model, y_shape, evaluator_factory, preprocess_func, train_batcher, test_batcher
end
elseif(params.problem == "Denoise") then
load_problem = function(params)
local problem_config = torch.load(params.problem_config)
problem_config.batch_size = params.batch_size
local y_shape, train_preprocess_func
if(problem_config.use_random_crops == 1) then
local crop_height = 96 --these are the crop sizes used in the proximalnet paper. TODO: surface command line options for these
local crop_width = 128
y_shape = {problem_config.batch_size,crop_height,crop_width}
local a_crop_contiguous, b_crop_contiguous
local y_crop_start_max = problem_config.height - crop_height
local x_crop_start_max = problem_config.width - crop_width
--This randomly crops the images in order to speed up training
--Note that it uses the same crop locations for every image in the minibatch
train_preprocess_func = function(a,b,c)
local y_start = torch.rand(1):mul(y_crop_start_max):ceil()[1]
local x_start = torch.rand(1):mul(x_crop_start_max):ceil()[1]
local a_crop = a:narrow(2,y_start,crop_height):narrow(3,x_start,crop_width)
local b_crop = b:narrow(2,y_start,crop_height):narrow(3,x_start,crop_width)
a_crop_contiguous = a_crop_contiguous or a_crop:clone()
a_crop_contiguous:copy(a_crop)
b_crop_contiguous = b_crop_contiguous or b_crop:clone()
b_crop_contiguous:copy(b_crop)
return a_crop_contiguous, b_crop_contiguous, c
end
else
y_shape = {problem_config.batch_size,problem_config.height,problem_config.width}
end
problem_config.y_shape = y_shape
local model = DenoiseSPEN(problem_config,params)
local evaluator_factory = function(batcher, soft_predictor)
return PSNREvaluator(batcher, function(x) return soft_predictor:forward(x) end)
end
local train_batcher = BatcherFromFile(params.train_list, train_preprocess_func, params.batch_size, use_cuda)
--NOTE: this doesn't return the actual test set score, but an approximation using random crops on the dev set.
--It will require some more engineering to be able to actually run on the full-size test images, as the network expects smaller images.
local test_batcher = BatcherFromFile(params.test_list, train_preprocess_func, params.batch_size, use_cuda)
return model, y_shape, evaluator_factory, preprocess_func, train_batcher, test_batcher
end
else
error('invalid problem type')
end
local model, y_shape, evaluator_factory, preprocess_func, train_batcher, test_batcher = load_problem(params)
local pretrain_train_config = {}
do
pretrain_train_config.soft_predictor = model.classifier_network
pretrain_train_config.modules_to_update = model.classifier_network
pretrain_train_config.stop_feature_backprop = false
pretrain_train_config.stop_unary_backprop = false
local criterion_name = (params.continuous_outputs == 1) and "MSECriterion" or "ClassNLLCriterion"
print(params)
pretrain_train_config.loss_wrapper = TrainingWrappers:independent_training(model.classifier_network, criterion_name, y_shape, params)
pretrain_train_config.items_to_save = {
classifier = model.classifier_network
}
end
local full_train_config = {}
do
params.return_all_iterates = params.penalize_all_iterates == 1
params.num_iterates = params.max_inference_iters
local gd_inference_config = GradientBasedInferenceConfig:get_gd_inference_config(params)
local full_gd_prediction_net = GradientBasedInference(y_shape, gd_inference_config):spen_inference(model)
gd_prediction_net = full_gd_prediction_net
if(params.return_all_iterates) then
gd_prediction_net = nn.Sequential():add(full_gd_prediction_net):add(nn.SelectTable(1))
end
--initialize the unaries from a loaded model
if(params.init_classifier ~= "") then
assert(not (params.init_full_net ~= ""), "shouldn't be initializing both classifier and full energy network from file")
print('initializing classifier from '..params.init_classifier)
model.classifier_network:getParameters():copy(torch.load(params.init_classifier):getParameters())
end
if(params.init_full_net ~= "") then
print('initializing parameters from '..params.init_full_net)
if(params.use_cuda) then gd_prediction_net:double() end --the fact that we have to do this is mysterious.
gd_prediction_net:getParameters():copy(torch.load(params.init_full_net):getParameters())
if(params.use_cuda) then gd_prediction_net:cuda() end
end
full_train_config.soft_predictor = gd_prediction_net
full_train_config.modules_to_update = gd_prediction_net
if(params.training_method == "E2E") then
local criterion_name = (params.continuous_outputs == 1) and "MSECriterion" or "ClassNLLCriterion"
full_train_config.loss_wrapper = TrainingWrappers:independent_training(full_gd_prediction_net, criterion_name, y_shape, params)
elseif(params.training_method == "SSVM") then
local criterion_name = 'MSECriterion' --todo: surface an option for this
assert(not params.return_all_iterates)
full_train_config.loss_wrapper = TrainingWrappers:ssvm_training(y_shape, model, criterion_name, gd_inference_config, params)
else
error('invalid training method')
end
full_train_config.items_to_save = {
predictor = gd_prediction_net,
energy_net = model:full_energy_net()
}
end
local clamp_features_train_config = Util:copyTable(full_train_config) --this is a copy by reference
clamp_features_train_config.stop_feature_backprop = true
local clamp_unaries_train_config = Util:copyTable(full_train_config) --this is a copy by reference
clamp_unaries_train_config.stop_unary_backprop = true
clamp_unaries_train_config.stop_feature_backprop = true
local train_configurations = {
pretrain = pretrain_train_config,
clamp_features = clamp_features_train_config,
clamp_unaries = clamp_unaries_train_config,
full = full_train_config
}
local function evaluate_only(config,params)
if(params.use_cuda) then config.soft_predictor:cuda() end
local evaluator = evaluator_factory(test_batcher, config.soft_predictor)
evaluator:evaluate(0)
end
local function train(config, params, name)
assert(config)
if(params.use_cuda) then
config.loss_wrapper:cuda()
config.soft_predictor:cuda()
end
model:set_feature_backprop( not config.stop_feature_backprop )
model:set_unary_backprop( not config.stop_unary_backprop )
local callbacks = {}
local evaluator = evaluator_factory(test_batcher, config.soft_predictor)
local evaluate = Callback(function(data) return evaluator:evaluate(data.epoch) end, params.evaluation_frequency)
table.insert(callbacks,evaluate)
local opt_state = {}
if(params.init_opt_state ~= "") then
print('loading opt_state from '..params.init_opt_state)
opt_state = torch.load(params.init_opt_state)
end
local optimization_config = {
opt_state = opt_state,
opt_config = {
learningRate=params.learning_rate,
learningRateDecay=0, --this gets updated by lr_start below
beta1 = params.adam_beta1,
beta2 = params.adam_beta2,
epsilon=params.adam_epsilon,
weightDecay=params.l2
},
opt_method = optim.adam,
gradient_clip = params.gradient_clip,
regularization = config.regularization,
modules_to_update = config.modules_to_update
}
local general_config = {
num_epochs = params.num_epochs,
batches_per_epoch = params.batches_per_epoch,
batch_size = params.batch_size,
assert_nan = true,
}
local nonzero_learning_rate_set = false
local function set_lr(data)
if(data.epoch > params.learning_rate_decay_start and not set_nonzero_learning_rate) then
optimization_config.opt_config.learningRateDecay = params.learning_rate_decay
nonzero_learning_rate_set = true
end
end
local lr_start = Callback(set_lr, 1)
table.insert(callbacks,lr_start)
if(params.icnn == 1) then
local params_to_clamp = model.global_potentials_network:parameters()
--todo: we actually don't need to clamp the biases
local function clamp()
Util:deep_apply(params_to_clamp,function(t) t:cmax(0) end)
end
general_config.post_process_parameter_update = clamp
end
config.items_to_save.opt_state = optimization_config.opt_state
local saved_model_base = params.model_file.."-"..name
local saver = Saver(saved_model_base,config.items_to_save)
local save = Callback(function(data) return saver:save(data.epoch) end, params.save_frequency)
table.insert(callbacks,save)
Train(config.loss_wrapper,train_batcher, optimization_config, general_config, callbacks):train()
end
if(params.evaluate_classifier_only == 1) then
evaluate_only(train_configurations.pretrain, params)
os.exit()
end
if(params.evaluate_spen_only == 1) then
evaluate_only(train_configurations.full, params)
os.exit()
end
for params_file in io.lines(params.training_configs) do
print('loading specific training config from '..params_file)
local specific_params = torch.load(params_file)
local mode = specific_params.training_mode
if(specific_params.num_epochs > 0) then
print(specific_params)
local all_params = Util:copyTable(params)
for k,v in pairs(specific_params) do
assert(not all_params[k],'repeated key: '..k)
all_params[k] = v
end
print('starting training for mode: '..mode)
if(mode == "pretrain_unaries") then
train(train_configurations.pretrain, all_params, mode)
elseif(mode == "clamp_unaries") then
train(train_configurations.clamp_unaries, all_params, mode)
elseif(mode == "clamp_features") then
train(train_configurations.clamp_features, all_params, mode)
elseif(mode == "update_all") then
train(train_configurations.full, all_params, mode)
else
error('invalid training mode: '..mode)
end
end
end
if(params.profile == 1) then
profiler:stop()
local report = "profile.txt"
print('writing profiling report to: '..report)
local outfile = io.open( report, "w+" )
profiler:report( outfile )
outfile:close()
end
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
---
abstract: 'We report on the influence of disorder on an exciton-polariton condensate in a ZnO based bulk planar microcavity and compare experimental results with a theoretical model for a non-equilibrium condensate. Experimentally, we detect intensity fluctuations within the far-field emission pattern even at high condensate densities which indicates a significant impact of disorder. We show that these effects rely on the driven dissipative nature of the condensate and argue that they can be accounted for by spatial phase inhomogeneities induced by disorder, which occur even for increasing condensate densities realized in the regime of high excitation power. Thus, non-equilibrium effects strongly suppress the stabilization of the condensate against disorder, contrarily to what is expected for equilibrium condensates in the high density limit. Numerical simulations based on our theoretical model reproduce the experimental data.'
author:
- Martin Thunert
- Alexander Janot
- Helena Franke
- Chris Sturm
- Tom Michalsky
- María Dolores Martín
- Luis Viña
- Bernd Rosenow
- Marius Grundmann
- 'Rüdiger Schmidt-Grund'
title: Cavity Polariton Condensate in a Disordered Environment
---
Introduction
============
The observation of a macroscopically coherent quantum state of exciton-polaritons, a so-called polariton Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), [@Kasprzak.2006; @Balili.2007] has opened an active and challenging research field. Exciton-polaritons (for brevity polaritons) are mixed light-matter excitations in a microcavity (MC). [@Carusotto.2013; @Deng.2010] At finite quasi-particle density, several fascinating phenomena like superfluidity [@Amo.2009; @Amo.2009b; @Sanvitto.2010] and the formation of quantum vortices [@Lagoudakis.2008], were discovered. This allows for numerous novel applications like optical parametric oscillators [@Baumberg.2000], polariton lasers [@Schneider.2013; @Bhattacharya.2014] and logical elements [@Bajoni.2008; @Steger.2012; @Ballarini.2013; @Anton.2013b; @Sturm.2014], which are usually restricted to low temperatures. However, polariton BECs even at room-temperature were observed in MCs based on wide band gap materials like GaN [@Christopoulos.2007; @Christmann.2008; @Daskalakis.2013] and ZnO [@Lu.2012; @Li.2013; @Lai.2012] or organic materials [@Plumhof.2014], paving the way for technological applications. At the moment, experiments in these materials are significantly affected by disorder [@Christopoulos.2007; @Franke.2012; @Trichet.2013], and a thorough understanding of the impact disorder has on experimental observables in a polariton BEC is called for. In contrast to conventional BECs, occurring for example in cold atom systems, polaritons have a finite lifetime, which gives rise to unique properties of the condensate. Nonetheless, there remain similarities, for instance, in the absence of disorder quasi-long range order of a two-dimensional polariton condensate [@Roumpos.2012; @Chiocchetta.2013; @Spano.2012; @Spano.2013] and superfluidity is theoretically expected [@Wouters.2010; @Keeling.2011] and experimentally observed. [@Amo.2009; @Amo.2009b; @Sanvitto.2010] However, recent theoretical studies have revealed exciting differences between equilibrium and non-equilibrium condensates [@Sieberer.2013; @Sieberer.2014; @Tauber.2014; @Altman.2013; @Janot.2013]. For example, it is predicted that correlation functions for the condensate wave function decay exponentially [@Altman.2013] and that superfluidity vanishes in the presence of disorder. [@Janot.2013]
A polariton BEC is a steady state out of equilibrium where losses are compensated by external excitation. In the presence of disorder, spatial inhomogeneities of the condensate phase are induced. [@Janot.2013] If the phase fluctuates on length scales comparable to the condensate size, spatial correlations and phase rigidity are strongly reduced. In our work we will show that this leads to significant traces of disorder in the experimentally observed $k$-space intensity distribution, and theoretically demonstrate that the ratio of the condensate correlation length to the condensate size is independent of the condensate density. Consequently, in polariton condensates the stabilization against disorder fluctuations with increasing condensate density is strongly suppressed as compared to condensates in equilibrium. This prediction is supported by experimental investigations of the impact of disorder on a two-dimensional polariton BEC in a ZnO based MC. We measure the $k$-space intensity distribution as a function of excitation power, or rather condensate density, and observe significant disorder effects even at high densities. Numerical simulations allow to compare with experimental data confirming our theoretical predictions.
For an equilibrium BEC our observations would be unexpected, since an increasing density screens the disorder potential and leads to an ordered superfluid state [@Nattermann.2008; @Falco.2009; @Malpuech.2007]. Analogously, for a polariton BEC, interactions also can lead to superfluidity, as observed in clean samples [@Amo.2009; @Amo.2009b; @Sanvitto.2010]. However, as mentioned above, in the presence of disorder the polariton BEC is strictly speaking not a superfluid and long-range order is destroyed. [@Janot.2013] Thus, we expect and observe that disorder affects a dissipative polariton BEC much more than an equilibrium one. Several further observations found in literature seem to support this. For example, in one-dimensional CdTe MCs [@Manni.2011; @Stepnicki.2013] and ZnO MCs [@Trichet.2013] the spatial first-order correlation function of polariton BEC emission was analyzed in the presence of disorder and significant changes due to disorder were found. In the CdTe MCs the disorder effects remain present even with increasing excitation power, similarly to our findings in two-dimensional ZnO MCs. We note that the correlation length of the assumed disorder potential discussed in Ref. is of the order of microns, which enables the trapping of the entire condensate. This is explicitly excluded in our model, since the disorder correlation length is assumed to be much smaller than the condensate size leading to spatial density and phase fluctuations of the condensate instead. Moreover, in various works on two-dimensional polariton BECs in CdTe based MCs disorder effects were also observed, leading to fluctuations within the far-field photoluminescence (PL) distribution [@Richard.2005] or the spatial first-order correlation function [@Kasprzak.2006]. Even frequency desynchronization between spatially separated condensate fragments can be induced, if the ratio between the disorder potential and the polariton interaction potential strength exceeds a critical value. [@Baas.2008; @Krizhanovskii.2009; @Wouters.2008b; @Eastham.2008] However, the dependence of the condensate density on the disorder effects was not analyzed within these works.
The paper is organized as follows: In Sec. \[sec:theory\_disorder\] we introduce our theoretical model. We discuss the disorder impact on a homogeneously and inhomogeneously excited condensate for a quasi-equilibrium (weak gain and loss) and driven dissipative (strong gain and loss) condensate, respectively. Furthermore, we provide a general argument that explains our experimental findings. These are presented in Sec. \[sec:experimental\_results\]. In Sec. \[sec:fit\_of\_exp\_data\] the theoretical predictions are confirmed by comparing experimental data to theoretical simulations. The summary and conclusion can be found in Sec. \[sec:conclusion\].
Theoretical Predictions {#sec:theory_disorder}
=======================
Model {#sec:theory_model}
-----
A phenomenological description of the dynamics of the polariton condensate wave function $\Psi(\vec{x},t)$ is given by an extended Gross Pitaevskii equation (eGPE) [@Wouters.2007; @Keeling.2008] $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:eGPE}
{\mathrm{i}}\hbar {\partial_{t}} \Psi = &\left( -\frac{\hbar^2}{2 m} \vec{\nabla}^2 + V(\vec{x}) + U \left|\Psi\right|^2 \right)\Psi \\
\nonumber
&+ {\mathrm{i}}\left(R(\vec{x}) - \Gamma \left|\Psi\right|^2\right) \Psi \ ,\end{aligned}$$ where $m$ is the effective mass of the lower polariton branch, $V$ an external potential and $U>0$ an onsite interaction constant. The function $R(\vec{x})$ describes the linear part of gain and loss due to inscattering from a reservoir of non-condensed polaritons and the finite lifetime of the condensate. The non-linearity $\Gamma |\Psi|^2$ implements a density dependent gain saturation with $\Gamma$ as gain depletion constant. Since the propagation of the reservoir polaritons can be neglected, the spatial shape of $R(\vec{x})$ can be related to the Gaussian profile of the excitation laser, namely $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:reservoirfct}
R(\vec{x}) = \hbar \gamma_{{\mathrm{c}}} \left(\frac{P}{P_{{\mathrm{th}}}} e^{-\vec{x}^2/\xi_P^2} - 1 \right) \ .\end{aligned}$$ The parameter $\gamma_{{\mathrm{c}}}$ is the condensate decay rate (inverse lifetime $\gamma_{{\mathrm{c}}} = 1/\tau$). The ratio $P/P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$ is the excitation power versus its value at threshold ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ at which condensation is observed first, and $\xi_P$ is the waist size of the Gaussian pump spot. We note that for the case of a spatially homogeneous excitation the eGPE was successfully used to analyze a driven dissipative condensate. [@Sieberer.2013; @Altman.2013]
Because of interactions, the condensate energy is blueshifted by $n_0U$ where $n_0$ is the mean condensate density determined by the balance of gain and loss (for a definition of $n_0$ see [Eq. ]{}). The healing length $\xi \equiv \hbar / \sqrt{2 m n_0 U}$ is obtained by comparing kinetic and interaction energy of [Eq. ]{}.
The disordered environment is described by a random potential $V(\vec{x})$. We choose Gaussian-distributed delta-correlated disorder with zero mean and variance $\xi_V^2 V_0^2$, see Appendix \[sec:theory\_detailsmodel\] for details. We introduce an effective dimensionless disorder parameter, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:kappa}
\kappa \equiv \frac{\xi_V \: V_0}{\xi\: n_0U} \ .\end{aligned}$$ An analysis of the gain and loss terms in [Eq. ]{} allows us to define a ’non-equilibrium parameter’ $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:alpha}
\alpha \equiv \frac{\Gamma}{U} \ .\end{aligned}$$ Its magnitude parametrizes the influence of gain and loss on the polariton BEC. For example, in the limit $\alpha \to 0$ (keeping $n_0$ finite) the equilibrium mean field description of a BEC is obtained, and, on the other hand, in the limit $\alpha \to \infty$ the condensate is totally dominated by gain and loss. In this work, we will focus on single-mode steady-state solutions and therefor make the ansatz $\Psi(\vec{x},t) = \Psi(\vec{x}) \exp( - {\mathrm{i}}\omega t)$, where $\hbar \omega$ is the condensate energy. However, in experimental realizations more than one condensate mode can exist. For any further details we refer to Appendix \[sec:theory\_detailsmodel\].
Disorder Effects
----------------
### Infinite condensate size
Before we discuss a finite size polariton BEC we would like to consider a homogeneously excited condensate ($\xi_P \to \infty$), such that the reservoir function [Eq. ]{} is a constant in space. We will i) review disorder effects on an equilibrium condensate [@Nattermann.2008; @Falco.2009], and ii) describe differences to a polariton BEC (driven dissipative condensate) [@Janot.2013].
*Equilibrium condensate i):* The disorder potential attempts to pin the condensate into its minima, whereby the energy costs for density deformations (kinetic term in [Eq. ]{}) have to be compensated. The balance of pinning and kinetic energy determines the density Larkin length ${\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{n}}}\approx \sqrt{\pi} \: \hbar^2 / m \: \xi_V V_0$ [@ImryMa.1975; @Nattermann.2008; @Falco.2009]. On the other hand, for a sufficiently large interaction energy $n_0U$ the disorder gets screened. [@Falco.2009] The ratio of healing to Larkin length, $\xi/{\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{n}}}\sim \kappa$, describes this competition of disorder and interaction. For $\xi \ll {\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{n}}}$ ($\xi \gg {\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{n}}}$) the interaction energy is large (small) as compared to the disorder potential. Due to the fact that the interaction energy increases with increasing density (and $\xi \propto 1/\sqrt{n_0}$), $\xi/{\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{n}}}$ decreases with increasing density, and disorder effects will fade away in this limit. Thus, for sufficiently high densities an equilibrium condensate will be ordered and superfluid. [@Falco.2009] *Non-equilibrium condensate ii):* In a driven system the mean density $n_0$ of the condensate is determined by a balance of gain and loss. Disorder induces density fluctuations about this mean value. In a region with reduced density, as compared to $n_0$, the gain mechanism tries to compensate the depletion, and more particles are scattered into the condensate than decay. On the other hand, in a region with increased density more particles decay than are injected from the reservoir. By virtue of the continuity equation, these local particle sources and sinks are connected by condensate currents. Because the density fluctuates randomly in space, a random distribution of sources and sinks forms and, thus, a random pattern of current flow is generated. The condensate current is proportional to the product of the density and the gradient of the condensate phase. Since the current is not constant, the phase cannot vary uniformly in space, and thus a random current configuration gives rise to a spatially fluctuating phase. We note that in this work the term ’fluctuations’ will be used for random spatial inhomogeneities. The correlation length, over which the phase typically varies by $2\pi$, is given by ${\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}\approx \sqrt{2}\pi \, {\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{n}}}/ \alpha$. This scale can be obtained by a generalized Imry-Ma argument [@Janot.2013]: a condensate current flowing out of (or into) a region of diameter ${\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}$ is generated by an effective source (or sink) determined through an area average of multiple random sources and sinks. In contrast to an equilibrium condensate ($\alpha \to 0$ with ${\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}\to \infty$), the phase fluctuations occurring in the case ${\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}< \infty$ destroy the quasi-long-range order of the condensate. As a consequence of these phase fluctuations, the superfluid stiffness vanishes in the thermodynamic limit even for weak disorder, and a superfluid behavior is only present below a finite length scale, namely the superfluid depletion length ${\mathcal{L}_{s}}\approx \sqrt{2} \pi \, {\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{n}}}/ \alpha^2$. [@Janot.2013]
### Finite condensate size
From the analysis above we conclude that in a disordered environment a condensate of size ${L_{c}}\ll {\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}$ will behave completely different from one of size ${L_{c}}\sim {\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}$.
In the following, we discuss these two scenarios sketched schematically in Fig. \[fig:sketch\_scenarios\]B.
For scenario I with ${L_{c}}\ll {\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}$ (called quasi-equilibrium in the following) the phase is correlated over the entire condensate region, and disorder induces mainly density fluctuations. As discussed above, the impact of disorder will decrease with increasing density, which should be directly observable by increasing the excitation power. Such kind of percolation transition from a disordered to an ordered regime was predicted (for a polariton BEC in equilibrium) in Ref. .
In the presence of gain and loss disorder induces phase fluctuations as explained above. For scenario II we assume that the phase correlation length ${\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}$ is comparable to the condensate size ${L_{c}}$, i.e. ${\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}\sim {L_{c}}$, such that spatial correlations and superfluidity are destroyed. The ratio ${L_{c}}/{\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}\propto (V_0 \ \xi_{{\mathrm{P}}} \xi_{{\mathrm{V}}} m / \hbar^2) \: (\Gamma / U)$ does not depend on the condensate density and, thus, is independent of the excitation power. A similar conclusion holds for the ratio ${L_{c}}/ {\mathcal{L}_{s}}$. As a consequence, a condensate stabilization with increasing density, as present in an equilibrium system, is strongly suppressed.
![(color online) Expectation value $\mu_P$ (upper row) and variance $\sigma^2_P$ (lower row) of the (normalized) intensity distribution $I_P(k)$. In order to compare the fluctuations for increasing excitation powers we present the ratio $\sigma^2_P(k) / \sigma^2_{P_0}(k)$ with $P_0 = 4 P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$. The left and right column depict a quasi-equilibrium (scenario I) and a driven dissipative (scenario II) condensate, respectively. For wavevectors $|k \xi| \lesssim 1$, scenario I shows a linear reduction of fluctuations with inverse excitation power, $\sigma^2_P(k) \propto 1/P$, while scenario II exhibits a suppressed stabilization with increasing excitation power. We averaged $1560$ disorder realizations and used: ${\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{n}}}/{L_{c}}= 1 \: (4.5)$, ${\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}/{L_{c}}= 10 \: (2.5)$, ${\mathcal{L}_{s}}/{L_{c}}= 20 \: (0.3)$ for scenario I (II). []{data-label="fig:IkMeanVar"}](./{fig_MeanVar_Ik_cP4_ckappa0.4_0.1_alpha0.5_8_beta04}.pdf){width="1\hsize"}
In order to make our analysis more quantitative, we have studied theoretically the excitation power dependence of the two-dimensional $k$-space intensity $I_P({\vec{k}}) \propto \gamma_c |\Psi_{\vec{k}}|^2$ which can be directly compared to experimental data. To this end, [Eq. ]{} was simulated for many disorder realizations (see Appendix \[sec:theory\_numsim\] for details). We have extracted the expectation value, denoted by $\mu_P(k)$, and the variance, denoted by $\sigma^2_P(k)$, of the normalized intensity $I_P(\vec{k})$ by averaging over disorder configurations. We note that for a sufficiently large number of realizations, the disorder average restores radial symmetry, such that the expectation values $\mu_P(k)$ and $\sigma^2_P(k)$ depend on the magnitude $k = |\vec{k}|$ of wavevector only.
In Fig. \[fig:IkMeanVar\], the results for $\mu_P$ and $\sigma_P^2$ are shown for scenario I (left panels) and II (right panels). We find that the intensity $I_P$ vanishes for all wavevectors outside of the lower-polariton dispersion ( $k \gtrsim \xi^{-1}$) and that its average value does not change qualitatively as compared to a disorder-free system (cf. Ref. ). However, for a single snap-shot (see Fig. \[fig:snapshot\]) disorder breaks the radial symmetry and induces intensity fluctuations proportional to $\sigma_P$. For scenario I and for wavevectors $|k| \lesssim \xi^{-1}$, these fluctuations decay linearly with inverse excitation power, in agreement with the expectation $\sigma^2_P \sim \kappa^2 \propto 1/P$ for $\kappa \ll 1$. We note that regions with $k \approx \xi^{-1}$ show a high ratio $\sigma_P / \sigma_{\! P_{0}}$ (peaks in Fig. \[fig:IkMeanVar\] lower left panel). In this $k$-region, the emission intensity is increasing very rapidly with excitation power (see Fig. \[fig:IkMeanVar\] upper left panel), because of the repulsive potential hill created by the finite excitation spot. [@Wouters.2008] Thus, the increase of fluctuation strengths with excitation power for $k \approx \xi^{-1}$ is really due to the increase of emission power and does not yield information about the screening of the disorder potential for high condensate densities.
For scenario II, the stabilization with increasing excitation power is suppressed (see lower right panel of Fig. \[fig:IkMeanVar\]). As compared to scenario I, the decrease of $\sigma^2_P$ with increasing condensate density is weaker than $\sigma^2_P \propto 1/P$. These findings agree well with our argument provided above.
The reservoir of non-condensed polaritons interacts with the condensate and thus leads to an increase of the blueshift. [@Wouters.2007; @Wertz.2010; @Anton.2013c] Usually, this is accounted for by adding a potential term proportional to the reservoir density in [Eq. ]{}. [@Wouters.2007] Such a term will modify the emission frequency of the condensate (real part of [Eq. ]{}), however, does not change the non-equilibrium continuity equation (imaginary part of [Eq. ]{}). Hence, the mechanism of generating random condensate currents is not altered qualitatively by reservoir-condensate interaction and, thus, we believe that they can be safely neglected for our analysis.
Experiment {#sec:experimental_results}
==========
In this section we discuss the experimentally observed behavior of the far-field PL emission pattern of a polariton condensate in a ZnO-based MC with pronounced structural disorder as a function of excitation power. For this experiment, the sample was excited using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a pulse duration of $500~{\mathrm{ps}}$. This is three orders of magnitude larger than the polariton relaxation time (0.4 ${\mathrm{ps}}$) which is determined from the spectral linewidth of the condensate emission. Thus, we can assume a quasi–continuous-wave excitation, which justifies the comparison with numerical simulations based on a steady state theory as will be discussed in Sec. \[sec:fit\_of\_exp\_data\]. Further details about the experimental setup can be found in Appendix \[sec:sample\_setup\]. The MC consists of a half wavelength ZnO cavity, which simultaneously acts as active medium, showing a quality factor of about 1000 and a maximum coupling strength of about 45 meV ($\Omega_{{\mathrm{Rabi}}} \approx 90~{{\mathrm{m}} {\mathrm{e}} {\mathrm{V}}}$) at $T = 10~{\mathrm{K}}$. By using a wedge-shaped cavity, the detuning between the cavity mode energy and the excitonic transition energy strongly varies with the lateral sample position. Structural investigations (atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy) yield a smooth but polycrystalline cavity layer, exhibiting a low interface roughness of $R_{{\mathrm{rms}}}$ = 1.9 nm. Furthermore, the cavity layer is preferentially $c$-plane oriented and laterally textured, containing large grains aligned in the growth direction reaching from the bottom to the top (grain sizes ranging from 20 nm up to 120 nm). Further information about the sample properties can be found in Ref. . Due to the textured structure we suppose that an electronic disorder potential is primarily caused by depletion of carriers, e.g. aluminum donor bound excitons [^1], due to interface band bending at grain boundaries [@Orton.1980]. (see Appendix \[sec:experiment\_disorderorigin\] for details).
![(color online) (a)-(d): Excitation power series of the far-field PL emission in a linear false color scale for $T = 10~{\mathrm{K}}$ and a detuning of $\Delta = -30~{{\mathrm{m}} {\mathrm{e}} {\mathrm{V}}}$. The excitation power is normalized to the condensation threshold $P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$. (e) $I_P(k)$ profiles of the condensate are extracted. These are integrated over the energy range $\Delta E$ marked by the white lines in the far-field emission pattern. The PL intensity for each power is normalized to the mean value of each $I_P(k)$ profile.[]{data-label="fig:Disorder"}](./{fig_Disorder_Images_10K_30meV_7.pdf}){width="0.9\hsize"}
Figures \[fig:Disorder\](a)-(d) show the excitation power dependence of the PL $k$-space emission pattern for $T = 10 \, {\mathrm{K}}$ and detuning $\Delta = -30 \, {{\mathrm{m}} {\mathrm{e}} {\mathrm{V}}}$. We deduce a polariton effective mass of $m=4.4 \times 10^{-5}~m_{{\mathrm{e}}}$ ($m_{{\mathrm{e}}}$: free electron mass) from the dispersion of the lower polariton branch (LPB) (not shown here). The excitation power density at condensation threshold is $P_{{\mathrm{th}}} = 79~{\mathrm{W}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}$. Note that the determination of the excitation power density at threshold is quite complex, e.g. due to the coexistence of intense emission from uncondensed polaritons for $P \gtrsim {P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$, but significant for the comparison with theoretical calculations discussed in Sec. \[sec:fit\_of\_exp\_data\]. Details for the experimental determination of ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ can be found in the Supplemental Material, Sec. \[sec:SM\_Pth\].
In all cases investigated here, the condensate emission is distributed dispersion-less at horizontal lines in $k$-space with maximum intensity between the LPB dispersion, which is visible in the far-field PL images (cf. Fig. \[fig:Disorder\]) for low excitation power $P \gtrsim {P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$. This indicates a weak expansion of the condensed polaritons due to the background potential induced by the excitation spot, whose size is similar or even larger than the polariton propagation length. [@Franke.2012; @Wouters.2008] For the lowest excitation power shown here, $P = P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$, the emission intensity from the uncondensed polaritons and the condensate are of same order which prevents a clear distinction. With increasing excitation power the BEC states undergo a blueshift due to the increasing interaction potential, and we observe several states with different energy. Previous studies in the literature on this multimode behavior show that the emission from coexisting individual modes originates from different regions of the same condensate. [@Krizhanovskii.2006; @Baas.2008; @Krizhanovskii.2009] However, other studies on polariton condensates in a disordered environment found that long-range spatial coherence is still present for their energy-averaged emission [@Kasprzak.2006; @Richard.2005] indicating persistent correlations between different, possibly spatially separated condensate states.
For a wide range of excitation powers, condensate emission out of two energy ranges is observed, which are stable and energetically well separated. For a further analysis we select only one of these energy channels, in order to compare with numeric simulations of a single-mode condensate, cf. Sec. \[sec:fit\_of\_exp\_data\]. In Fig. \[fig:Disorder\](b)-(d) we marked the selected energy channel by two white dashed lines. This delimitation is defined by an energy range $\Delta E$ which corresponds to the excitation power dependent full width at half maximum of the condensate emission. Fig. \[fig:Disorder\](e) shows the far field emission profiles $I_P(k)$ for the selected energy channel and increasing excitation power, integrated over $\Delta E$. The $I_P(k)$ profiles show several randomly distributed inhomogeneities and differ strongly from the smooth and ideally radial symmetric distribution expected for a disorder-free sample. [@Wouters.2008] Remarkably, the intensity fluctuations persist even for high excitation power, i.e. high condensate densities. We note that the constant sharp stripes in the $I_P(k)$ profile at a specified *k* for all excitation powers are caused by imperfections of the setup, probably due to the microscope objective.
A similar finding with increasing excitation power was also observed for other detunings $\Delta = -50~{\mathrm{meV}},\ldots,-10~{\mathrm{meV}}$, and we conclude that our observation does not depend significantly on the particular choice of detuning within the mentioned range.
To investigate the temporal coherence properties of the condensate we used a Michelson interferometer in the plane mirror (PM) - retroreflector (RR) configuration to superimpose the PL emission of polaritons with opposite emission angles or rather wavevectors. For this experiment, the sample was excited by a frequency-tripled Ti:sapphire laser at 266 nm with a pulse duration of about 2 ps. Further details of the setup are provided in Appendix \[sec:sample\_setup\].
![(color online) (a)-(b): Energy-resolved far-field PL interference pattern in a linear false color scale for $T = 10~K$ and $\Delta = -47$ meV: (a) large path difference $\Delta s$: uncorrelated far-field PL emission (basically the sum of the emission from the individual interferometer arms), (b) path difference close to zero: distinct interference fringes indicating mutual temporal coherence of the polariton emission. The red dashed line indicates the energy of the investigated condensate state. (c) Normalized visibility of the interference fringes as a function of the path difference.[]{data-label="fig:EkSpace_Interference"}](./fig_Coherence_time_neu_v04a.pdf){width="\linewidth"}
The RR is mounted on a motorized linear stage, that allows us to vary the path difference $\Delta s$ between the emission collected from both interferometer arms. Fig. \[fig:EkSpace\_Interference\](a)-(b) show two selected interferograms of the $I(E,k)$ emission pattern for large (Fig. \[fig:EkSpace\_Interference\](a)) and short (Fig. \[fig:EkSpace\_Interference\](b)) path differences $\Delta s$, respectively. To investigate the temporal coherence properties of the polariton condensate we analyzed the normalized visibility of the interference fringes, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:Inorm}
V_{{\mathrm{norm}}} & = \frac{I_ {\text{interf}} - I_{RR} - I_{PM}}{2\sqrt{I_{RR} I_{PM}}} = g^1(\Delta t) \cos(\phi_{12}),\end{aligned}$$ as a function of the temporal delay $\Delta t = \frac{\Delta s}{c}$, where $c$ is the speed of light (cf. Fig. \[fig:EkSpace\_Interference\](c)). Here, $I_{{\mathrm{interf}}}$ is the intensity of the interference pattern, and $I_{{\mathrm{RR}}}$, $I_{{\mathrm{PM}}}$ are the intensities of the RR and PM arm, respectively, $g^1$ is the first-order coherence function and $\phi_{12}$ is the phase difference between the emission from the individual interferometer arms. By assuming a Gaussian decay of $g^1(\Delta t) = g^1(0) \exp[
- (\pi / 2) (\Delta t ^2 / \tau_{{\mathrm{coh}}}^2)]$[@Saleh.2008] we determined a coherence time of about $\tau_{{\mathrm{coh}} } = 8.7 \, {\mathrm{ps}}$. This is more than 50 times larger than the lifetime of the uncondensed polaritons of about 160 fs, which is deduced from the spectral linewidth of the polariton emission for $P \leq P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$ and for an energy range similar to the condensate energy at $P = P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$. Consequently, the coherence of the investigated quantum system is conserved during the multiple reabsorption and reemission processes, which can thus be identified as a condensate. We note that the experimentally estimated coherence time is a lower limit for the real value. We identify two experimental artifacts that restrict the determination of the real condensate’s coherence time, namely a spectrally and path difference dependent phase shift $\phi_{12}(\lambda, \Delta s)$ (artifact A) as well as a fast decay of the condensate emission intensity due to the short excitation pulses of about 2 ps that are used for the coherence time measurement (artifact B). By analyzing the impact of these artifacts quantitatively (cf. Supplemental Material, Sec. \[sec:SM\_limits\_cohTime\]), we roughly estimated the expected real values for the coherence time of $\tau^A_{\mathrm{corr}} = 10.3$ ps and $\tau^B_{\mathrm{corr}} = 14$ ps. By applying both corrections simultaneously, a maximum coherence time of $\tau_{\mathrm{corr}}$ = 24 ps was estimated.
For an ideal (homogeneous, disorder-free) condensate a linewidth of $\Delta E \approx 0.66 \, h / \tau_{\mathrm{coh}} = 0.66 \, h / 8.7~{\mathrm{ps}} = 0.31~{\mathrm{meV}}$ would be expected for the condensate emission according to the Wiener-Khinchin theorem [@Saleh.2008] (and even less assuming the corrected values for $\tau_{\mathrm{coh}}$), where $h$ is the Planck constant. This is about a factor of 6.5 smaller than the observed minimum linewidth of 2 meV for the condensate emission in this experiment. Since the investigated condensate is a complex quantum system including spatial density and phase fluctuations we assume that the Wiener-Khinchin theorem cannot be applied here. We rather suppose that the mechanism which causes a broadening of the emission linewidth (e.g. repulsive particle interaction [@Porras.2003]) does not affect the coherence time to the same extent. This is supported by the quantitative discrepancy between the emission linewidth and the coherence time, which is observed also in a CdTe [@Kasprzak.2006] as well as in a ZnO MC. [@Lai.2012] We note that despite of the fast decay of polaritons, condensate emission can be observed up to 90 ps after the arrival of the exciting laser pulse, which thus allows for the experimental observation of coherence in the mentioned time range.
Summarizing, the experimental observations indicate a strong impact of disorder on the polariton BEC even at high excitation power well above the condensation threshold. As discussed in Sec. \[sec:theory\_disorder\] the suppression of disorder effects with increasing condensate density is strongly hindered for a polariton BEC. We assume that the interplay of gain-loss and disorder prevents a stabilization at high excitation power also in the experiment.
Comparison between Theoretical Model and Experiment {#sec:fit_of_exp_data}
===================================================
In the following, we will compare our experimental observations with numerical simulations. At threshold $P={P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ a cross-over from a non-condensed state to a polariton BEC takes place, typically indicated by a super-linear increase of the emission intensity. Such a transition is not very well described by the used eGPE . For this reason, the data analysis is done well above threshold, where both experimentally observed and theoretically calculated blueshift (condensate density) increase linearly with pump power. We note that the evolution of the experimentally measured polariton blueshift $\Delta E$ as a function of the excitation power shows two kinks at $P = 2~P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$ and $P = 4~P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$ (cf. Fig. \[fig:Blueshift\] in Appendix \[sec:experiment\_disorderorigin\]). We believe that the slope of $\Delta E$ for $P < 2~P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$ is predominantly caused by an electronic disorder potential, which starts to saturate for $P = 2~P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$, and that for $P \geq 4~P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$ the blueshift is governed by condensate-condensate interactions. Further discussions are presented in Appendix \[sec:experiment\_disorderorigin\] and references therein.
For the comparison between the theoretical model and the experimental data, the parameters of the eGPE are chosen according to the experiment, see Tab. \[tab:parameters\]. [^2] We note that a quantitative determination of the disorder parameter from experiment is very challenging, cf. discussion in Appendix \[sec:experiment\_disorderorigin\], and we chose $\xi_{{\mathrm{V}}} V_0 \approx 0.15 \: \mu{\mathrm{m}} \, {{\mathrm{m}} {\mathrm{e}} {\mathrm{V}}}$ for simulations.
$m$ $\tau$ $\xi_{{\mathrm{P}}}$ $P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$ $P/P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$ $d \Delta \! E / d(P \! / \! {P_{{\mathrm{th}}}})$
--------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------ ---------------------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- -- -- --
$4.4 \cdot 10^{-5}\, {\mathrm{m}}_{{\mathrm{e}}}$ $0.4 \, {\mathrm{ps}}$ $2 \, \mu{\mathrm{m}}$ $79 \, {\mathrm{W}} \! / \! {\mathrm{cm}}^2$ $2,\ldots,20$ $0.7 \: {\mathrm{meV}}$
: Parameters extracted from experiment and corresponding parameters used for simulations as well as relevant length scales. For definitions see Appendix \[sec:theory\_detailsmodel\].[]{data-label="tab:parameters"}
$\alpha$ $P/P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$ ${\xi_{{\mathrm{V}}} V_0}/{l_c \, \hbar \gamma_c}$ ${\xi_{{\mathrm{P}}}}/{l_{{\mathrm{c}}}}$ ${\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{n}}}/ {L_{c}}$ ${\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}/ {L_{c}}$ ${\mathcal{L}_{s}}/ {L_{c}}$
---------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ------------------------------
$7$ $5,11,15,20$ $0.125$ $3$ $5$ $3$ $0.4$
: Parameters extracted from experiment and corresponding parameters used for simulations as well as relevant length scales. For definitions see Appendix \[sec:theory\_detailsmodel\].[]{data-label="tab:parameters"}
![(color online) Snap shots of the normalized two-dimensional intensity distribution $I_P(\vec{k})$ of a polariton BEC with ${\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}\sim {L_{c}}$ in a disordered environment for increasing excitation power $P$. The used parameters are presented in Tab. \[tab:parameters\]. []{data-label="fig:snapshot"}](./{fig_Snap_Ik2d_L120_cP3_ckappa0.125_alpha7_snap8}.pdf){width="0.95\hsize"}
For a typical disorder realization, a series of numerically obtained snap shots of the two-dimensional intensity distribution $I_P(\vec{k})$ for increasing excitation power is shown in Fig. \[fig:snapshot\]. These images correspond to a polariton BEC described by scenario II. We clearly observe a disorder-induced deviation from the ideally radial distribution, which does not converge to a symmetric intensity distribution while increasing the excitation power. Such an asymmetry as well as its persistence is also observed experimentally, see Fig. \[fig:Disorder\], and thus agrees qualitatively with our simulations. We note that the experimental data represent the intensity distribution of one disordered sample, and correspond to a one-dimensional cut along a given line crossing the origin of the two-dimensional $k$-space distribution, for example the $x$-axis.
For a quantitative analysis we compare directly the experimental measurements with the numerically computed expectation value $\mu_{{\mathrm{P}}}$ and variance $\sigma^2_{{\mathrm{P}}}$ of the intensity distribution. To this end we symmetrize the experimental data $I_P(k) \to (I_P(k) + I_P(-k))/2$ with $k \geq 0$, and superimpose them with the results of the numerical simulations. Since the condensate density and healing length are hard to determine experimentally, we fix the scaling of $x$- and $y$-axis by a least-square fit. Fig. \[fig:Fit\] shows the result. We have excluded experimental data with wavevectors $k \geq 3 \: \mu {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$, because a systematic artifact is present for all $k = 3,\dots,4 \ \mu {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ and for all excitation powers. [^3]
![(color online) Experimental $I_P(k)$ distribution (blue diamonds) compared to numerical simulations of scenario II for increasing excitation power $P$. The black solid lines depict the expectation value whereas the gray band indicates the standard deviation. For high momenta we have excluded systematically biased data (gray crosses). For each plot the mean squared error (MSE) and the goodness-of-fit value $\mathcal{Q}$ (see text) are computed. For used parameters see Tab. \[tab:parameters\]. []{data-label="fig:Fit"}](./{fig_figfit_T10_detuning-30_cP3_ckappa0.125_alpha7}.pdf){width="1.00\hsize"}
In order to quantify the agreement between theory and experiment we introduce the mean squared error (MSE) and the goodness-of-fit value $\mathcal{Q}$ (see Appendix \[sec:theory\_numsim\] for definitions). $\mathcal{Q}$ is a probability: if $\mathcal{Q} \sim 1$, the simulations describe the experimental data. On the other hand, if $\mathcal{Q} \ll 1$ the theoretical model does not reproduce the experiment. The experimental data are well described by simulations (of scenario II), cf. Fig. \[fig:Fit\]: the MSE is close to zero, and the goodness-of-fit value $\mathcal{Q}$ remains comparable to one for all pump powers studied. In contrast, trying to reproduce the experimental observations by simulations of a polariton BEC described by scenario I (quasi-equilibrium) fails, cf. Fig. \[fig:FitScenarioI\] of the Appendix \[sec:theory\_numsim\]. Thereto, we had chosen a non-equilibrium parameter $\alpha = 0.5$ and slightly increased the disorder strength. Then, the $\mathcal{Q}$-value drops from $\mathcal{Q} \approx 10^{-8}$ at $P\approx 5~P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$ to $\mathcal{Q} \approx 10^{-21}$ at $P = 20~P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$.
Summary and Conclusion {#sec:conclusion}
======================
In this work we have characterized a polariton condensate in a disordered environment. Our theoretical analysis shows that spatial fluctuations of the condensate phase, which are induced by the interplay of disorder and gain-loss of particles, do not depend on the mean condensate density. This leads to a reduced stabilization against disorder fluctuations with increasing density in contrast to an equilibrium condensate. To verify our prediction we have analyzed experimentally the photoluminescence emission of a ZnO based microcavity. Indeed, we find a lack of stabilization with increasing density in terms of pronounced intensity fluctuations within the $k$-space emission pattern even at high excitation power. This experimental finding can be reproduced by numerical simulations. From this we conclude that the polariton condensate in the microcavity is exposed to significant structural disorder, and that the persistence of disorder effects even at high excitation power, well above the condensation threshold, relies on the intrinsic non-equilibrium nature of polaritons. We note that these findings may also explain the observation of similar phenomena for polariton condensates in microcavities based on other materials, e.g. CdTe or GaN. [@Christopoulos.2007; @Baas.2008; @Krizhanovskii.2009]
Acknowledgement
===============
We acknowledge experimental support and fruitful discussions from the group of N. Grandjean at EPFL. AJ is supported by the Leipzig School of Natural Sciences BuildMoNa. This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through project GR 1011/20-2, by Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst within the project PPP Spain (ID 57050448) and by Spanish, MINECO Project Nos. MAT2011-22997 and MAT2014-53119-C2-1-R.\
MT and AJ contributed equally to this work. MT performed the experimental part and AJ carried out the theoretical analysis.
Experimental setup {#sec:sample_setup}
==================
In order to investigate the optical properties of the polariton condensate, we applied two different photo-luminescence configurations, which have in common a non-resonant and pulsed excitation as well as a detection of the far-field emission. The setup to investigate the disorder effects on the polariton distribution and their dynamics as a function of the excitation power is described in Ref. . Here, the excitation was carried out by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with pulse duration of 500 ps, whose Gaussian excitation spot covers a sample area of about 10 $\mu$m$^2$.
For the coherence measurements, the sample was excited via a frequency-tripled Ti:sapphire laser at 266 nm (repetition rate: 76 MHz, pulse length $\approx$ 2 ps). The PL signal of the Fourier plane was sent to a Michelson interferometer in the mirror-retroreflector configuration. The retroreflector image is a centrosymmetric counterpart of the mirror arm image. In the resulting interferogram we superimposed the signal with wavevector $\vec{k_{||}}$ with that of $-\vec{k_{||}}$. Interference maxima occur when the path difference between the individual beams, $\Delta L$ = $c \Delta t$, is an integer multiple of the PL emission wavelength, being $\Delta t$ the delay between the beams and $c$ the speed of light. With the help of a streak camera the relative delay between the two arms was set to zero for $k_{||} = 0$.
Real space measurements with a sufficient spatial resolution could not be performed due a to a spherical aberration induced by the cryostat window. For the conditions used in our experiments, namely the UV spectral range, a window thickness of 1.5 mm and the large range of collected emission angles of $\pm 23^\circ$, the resulting spatial distortion of the image is larger than structural fluctuations that we would like to resolve. Consequently, the distortion of the measured real space image prevents a precise investigation of the spatial distribution of the luminescence as well as spatially resolved correlation measurements. We note that far-field images are not affected by the cryostat window, which causes a parallel beam shift but does not change the angle of the transmitted rays.
Origin of disorder potential {#sec:experiment_disorderorigin}
============================
![(color online) Polariton blueshift $\Delta E$ as a function of the excitation power normalized to the condensation threshold for the observed ZnO MC. The red line corresponds to the polariton-polariton interaction whereas the blue line represents the blueshift due to an additional electronic background potential, which starts to saturated at about 2 $P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$ and is presumably totally saturated for $P > 4 {P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ .[]{data-label="fig:Blueshift"}](./fig_Blueshift_vs_excPower4.pdf){width="30.00000%"}
Due to the dual light-matter nature of the polaritons, the effective disorder potential can be of photonic as well as electronic origin. Photonic disorder can be caused by surface and interface roughness as well as thickness fluctuations within the MC structure. This leads to a spatial fluctuating cavity length and therefore to a variation of the cavity photon energy. Due to results of other ZnO-based MCs, a minimum potential strength of $V_C \geq$ 2 meV can be expected. [@Li.2013; @Orosz.2012] The corresponding correlation length $\xi_V$ is of the order of the photonic wavelength, of about 370 nm.
In the literature, usually electronic disorder is neglected. [@Trichet.2013; @Baas.2008; @Savona.2007; @Manni.2011; @Nardin.2009] In contrast to this, we assume a strong influence of an electronic background potential caused by randomly distributed excitonic states which are accumulated within the bulk of grains [@Orton.1980] or bound to impurities. This is supported by two facts: firstly, cross-sectional TEM analysis of a MC that is fabricated under the same conditions, provides a granular structure of the investigated ZnO MC with grain sizes ranging from 20 nm up to 120 nm. [@Franke.2012] Secondly, the slope of the polariton blueshift $\Delta E(P)$ is by a factor of about 6.3 larger for $P$ < 2 $P_{\textnormal{th}}$ than above and even by a factor of 12.6 larger compared to the blueshift for $P > 4~{P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ (cf. Fig. \[fig:Blueshift\]). This can be explained by assuming an additional electronic background potential $\Delta E_b$, which may include localized states within a disorder potential or bound to impurities, as shown in Ref. . Since the concentration of these electronic defects is finite, their contribution to the condensate blueshift saturates for a certain excitation power or rather condensate density. Thus, the further blueshift for $P$ > 4 $P_{\textnormal{th}}$ is restricted to condensate-condensate interaction.
We assume that the condensate blueshift for small excitation power $\Delta E$($P$ < 2 $P_{\textnormal{th}})$ is primarily caused by its interaction with aluminum donor bound excitons ($D^0,X$) and that $\Delta E$ scales linearly with its concentration. As mentioned in Sec. \[sec:experimental\_results\], we suppose a depletion of bound excitons at grain boundaries and thus an accumulation of them within the grain bulk. [@Orton.1980] According to the model described in Ref. the grain boundaries act like two back-to-back Schottky barriers and the carrier flow between grains is driven by thermionic emission over the Schottky barrier. In general, the average height and width of these barriers can be determined from the temperature-dependent evolution of the hall mobility. Unfortunately, this was not possible for our MC due to low current values, below the resolution limit of 1 nA, for temperatures below 200 K, caused by the small cavity thickness of about 100 nm as well as due to strong inhomogeneities of the current density, which may be caused by the cavity thickness gradient.
Assuming the mechanism of carrier depletion at grain boundaries to be the dominant one for the effective electronic disorder potential, its correlation length $\xi_V$ is similar to the grain size with values between 20 nm and 120 nm. This is about two orders of magnitude below the condensate size $L_c$, limited by the size of the pump spot and thus even lower than the assumed correlation length for photonic disorder of about 370 nm. Consequently, a trapping of the entire condensate within a minimum of the disorder potential can be excluded. We rather suppose that the disorder potential causes condensate density fluctuations and thus phase fluctuations due to the interplay of disorder and the non-equilibrium nature of the polariton condensate.
Details of the Model {#sec:theory_detailsmodel}
====================
A phenomenological description of the dynamics of the macroscopic polariton condensate wave function $\Psi(\vec{x},t)$ is given by an extended Gross-Pitaevskii Equation (eGPE), [@Wouters.2007; @Keeling.2008] $$\begin{aligned}
\nonumber
{\mathrm{i}}\hbar {\partial_{t}} \Psi = &\left( -\frac{\hbar^2}{2 m} \vec{\nabla}^2 + V(\vec{x}) + U \left|\Psi\right|^2 \right)\Psi \\
\label{eq:eGPEdim}
&+ {\mathrm{i}}\left(R(\vec{x}) - \Gamma \left|\Psi\right|^2\right) \Psi \ .\end{aligned}$$ The first part of the right hand side is the ordinary equilibrium GPE with $m$ as effective polariton mass of the lower polariton branch, $V(\vec{x})$ as external potential, and $U$ as repulsive onsite interaction potential. The second part models phenomenologically the gain and loss of condensed polaritons. Here, $R(\vec{x})$ describes the linear part of gain and loss, and the non-linearity implements a density dependent gain saturation with $\Gamma$ as gain depletion parameter. This provides a simplified description of the gain process from a reservoir, for example relaxation of high-momentum polaritons generated by incoherent excitation with an external laser beam, and the condensate decay due to its finite lifetime. Since the non-condensed polaritons have a short lifetime as compared to the lifetime of the condensate, we can safely neglect diffusion processes of these and relate the spatial extension of the reservoir to the Gaussian excitation profile of the laser beam. Then, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:reservoir}
R(\vec{x}) = \hbar \gamma_{{\mathrm{c}}} \left(\frac{P}{P_{{\mathrm{th}}}} e^{- \vec{x}^{\:2}/\xi_P^2} -1 \right) \ ,\end{aligned}$$ with decay rate $\gamma_{{\mathrm{c}}} = 1/\tau$, where $\tau$ is the condensate lifetime, and waist size $\xi_P$ of the laser beam. The parameter $P/P_{{\mathrm{th}}}$ is the excitation power normalized by its value at the threshold at which condensation is observed first. The disorder landscape is incorporated by the external potential $V(\vec{x})$. We use a $\delta$-correlated Gaussian distributed quenched disorder with vanishing mean value and variance, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:DisCorr}
{\langle\!\langle V(\vec{x}) \rangle\!\rangle} = 0\ , \quad {\langle\!\langle V(\vec{x})V(\vec{y}) \rangle\!\rangle} = V_0^2 \xi_V^2 \delta(\vec{x}-\vec{y}) \ ,\end{aligned}$$ respectively. The average disorder strength is given by $V_0$ and its characteristic length is denoted by $\xi_V$. In the case of a spatially homogeneous excitation, i.e. $\xi_{{\mathrm{P}}} \to \infty$, our model was first suggested in Ref. . As compared to Ref. we do not consider the dynamics of the reservoir polaritons explicitly. However, the latter can be eliminated [@Carusotto.2013] for the typical case that the characteristic relaxation rate of the reservoir is much faster than the condensate decay rate [@Wouters.2008; @Carusotto.2013]. Then, an expansion to leading order in condensate density over reservoir density results in the eGPE . We note that a different theoretical approach may be suitable in order to describe propagation of a polariton BEC in a disorder-free environment [@Wertz.2012; @Malpuech.2014], which is not the aim of our work.
In the following we will discuss the model . The mean condensate density $n_0\equiv \frac{1}{\Omega_{{\mathrm{c}}}} \int_{\Omega_{{\mathrm{c}}}} |\Psi(\vec{x})|^2$ is found by averaging the second term of the right hand side of [Eq. ]{} over the condensate area $\Omega_{{\mathrm{c}}} \approx \pi \xi_{{\mathrm{P}}}^2$, and then demanding a balance of gain and loss, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:defn0}
n_0 \approx \frac{\hbar \gamma_{{\mathrm{c}}}}{\Gamma} \left( \frac{P}{P_{{\mathrm{th}}}} -1 \right) \ .\end{aligned}$$ Since the interaction term in [Eq. ]{} is proportional to the density, we find an energy blueshift $n_0 U$. The healing length is extracted by comparing the kinetic energy term versus the interaction term in [Eq. ]{}, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:defhealinglength}
\xi \equiv \sqrt{\frac{\hbar^2/2m}{n_0 U}} \ .\end{aligned}$$ Let us understand its physical relevance: For example, we assume a region in which the condensate has to vanish, $\Psi = 0$, however remains unperturbed everywhere else. Then, the healing length is the distance over which the condensate density changes from zero to $n_0$.
A dimensionless eGPE takes the form $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:eGPEdimless}
{\mathrm{i}}\partial_t \psi = (-\nabla^2 + \vartheta(\vec{x}) + |\psi|^2) \psi + i \alpha( g_{\mathrm{R}}(\vec{x}) - |\psi|^2)\psi \ ,\end{aligned}$$ where density, length, energy and time are measured in units of $n_0$, $\xi$, $n_0 U$ and $\hbar/n_0U$, respectively. The ’non-equilibrium’ parameter $\alpha$ and the dimensionless reservoir function $g_{\mathrm{R}}$ are defined in [Eq. ]{} and [Eq. ]{}, respectively. With $\psi(\vec{x},t) \equiv \Psi(\vec{r},t)/\sqrt{n_0}$ we denote the dimensionless wave function and $\vartheta(\vec{x}) = V(\vec{x})/ n_0U$ is the disorder potential relative to the blueshift with $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:disorder_stat}
{\langle\!\langle \vartheta(\vec{x}) \rangle\!\rangle} = 0 \ , \qquad {\langle\!\langle \vartheta(\vec{x})\vartheta(\vec{y}) \rangle\!\rangle} = \kappa^2 \delta(\vec{x}-\vec{y}) \ .\end{aligned}$$ We have introduced two important dimensionless parameters, namely an effective disorder strength and a ’non-equilibrium’ parameter $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:defkappaalpha}
\kappa \equiv \frac{\xi_V \: V_0}{\xi\: n_0U} \ , \quad \text{and} \quad \alpha \equiv \frac{\Gamma}{U} \ .\end{aligned}$$ The first parameter $\kappa$ is also obtained by coarse graining the random disorder potential up to the healing length (assuming $\xi_V \ll \xi$). This process renormalizes the disorder strength by a factor $1/\sqrt{(\xi/\xi_V)^2}$. Then, the value $\xi_V V_0 / \xi$ is compared to the blueshift $n_0 U$. The second parameter $\alpha$ implements the non-equilibrium nature of polaritons. In the limit $\alpha \to 0$ (keeping $n_0$ constant) [Eq. ]{} reduces to the equilibrium GPE, whereas, for $\alpha \to \infty$ the condensate is totally dominated by gain and loss. The rescaled reservoir function yields $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:defgP}
g_{\mathrm{R}}(\vec{x}) = \frac{(P/P_{{\mathrm{th}}}) \: e^{-x^2/x_P^2}-1}{P/P_{{\mathrm{th}}}-1} \ ,\end{aligned}$$ with $x_{{\mathrm{P}}} \equiv \xi_P/\xi$. For a steady state solution (single-mode condensate) we make the ansatz $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:ssansatz}
\psi(\vec{x},t) = \psi(\vec{x}) e^{-{\mathrm{i}}\omega t} = \sqrt{n(\vec{x})} e^{{\mathrm{i}}\phi(\vec{x}) - {\mathrm{i}}\omega t} \ ,\end{aligned}$$ where $\hbar \omega$ is the condensate energy.
We emphasize that both blueshift and healing length depend on the excitation power $P$ via $n_0$. Thus, $\kappa$ and $x_P$ depend on $P$, too. For our analysis it is useful to identify energy and length scale which are excitation power independent, namely the line width energy $\hbar \gamma_{{\mathrm{c}}}$ and the quantum correlation length $l_\gamma \equiv \sqrt{\hbar / 2 m \gamma_{{\mathrm{c}}}}$ (a non-equilibrium analogon of the thermal de Broglie wavelength) [@Trichet.2013], so that $\kappa$ and $x_P$ become functions of $\alpha, P/{P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ and sample parameters (see Table \[tab:parameters\]).
Numerical Simulations and Comparison with the Experiment {#sec:theory_numsim}
========================================================
*Numerical simulations –* Computing the condensate wave function by solving the eGPE allows us to extract the real and $k$-space intensity distribution. We define the $k$-space intensity distribution according to $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:defIk}
I_P(\vec{k}) &\equiv \gamma_{{\mathrm{c}}} n_0 \: |\psi({\vec{k}})|^2\ ,\end{aligned}$$ where the momentum space wave function is defined via a two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform $\psi(\vec{k}_j) = (1/N^2) \sum_{\vec{x}_i} \psi(\vec{x}_i) e^{-{\mathrm{i}}\vec{k}_j \vec{x}_i}$, with $\vec{x}_i,\vec{k}_j$ being elements of a discrete lattice with $N$ lattice points in each spatial direction, such that $i,j = 1,\ldots,N^2$. We choose an appropriate set of simulation parameters extracted from the experiment (see Table \[tab:parameters\]) and solve [Eq. ]{} numerically. To this end we look for a steady state solution, see [Eq. ]{}, by solving the time evolution of the discretized wave function $\psi(\vec{x}_i,t)$. The latter is defined on a real-space square lattice with spacing $a=\xi$. We employ a variable order Adams-Bashforth-Moulton PECE algorithm [@NR.2007] to obtain the time evolution. First, we compute the steady state solution of the disorder-free system, $\vartheta = 0$. Then, we choose independent Gaussian distributed variables of vanishing mean and variance $\kappa^2$ for each lattice site and calculate the steady state solution of the disordered system. The time evolution of the disordered system is started from the disorder-free solution as initial condition. For each disorder realization the discretized two-dimensional wave function $\psi(\vec{x}_i)$ of the steady state is extracted, and then Fourier transformed in order to compute the two-dimensional $k$-space intensity $I_P(\vec{k}_j)$. Finally, we average over all disorder realizations and compute the expectation value and variance, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:meanIk}
\mu_P(k) &\equiv {\langle\!\langle I_P(\vec{k}) \rangle\!\rangle}/{\langle\!\langle I_P(0) \rangle\!\rangle} \ ,\\ \label{eq:varIk}
\sigma^2_P(k) &\equiv {\langle\!\langle \left( I_P(\vec{k})-{\langle\!\langle I_P(\vec{k}) \rangle\!\rangle} \right)^2 \rangle\!\rangle}/{\langle\!\langle I_P(0) \rangle\!\rangle}^2\ ,\end{aligned}$$ respectively. Above, the bracket ${\langle\!\langle \ldots \rangle\!\rangle}$ denotes an average with respect to disorder, and we have normalized the mean and variance by the expectation value of the intensity at $k=0$. Since the excitation profile [Eq. ]{} is radial symmetric, Eqs. (\[eq:meanIk\], \[eq:varIk\]) are radial symmetric, too, assuming a sufficiently large number of disorder realizations.
![(color online) Experimental $I_P(k)$ distribution (blue diamonds) compared to numerical simulations of scenario I for increasing excitation power $P$. The black solid lines depict the expectation value whereas the gray band indicates the standard deviation. For high momenta we have excluded systematically biased data (gray crosses). For each plot the mean squared error (MSE) and the goodness-of-fit value $\mathcal{Q}$ are computed. Used simulation parameters: $\alpha = 0.5$, $\xi_{{\mathrm{V}}} V_0 / l_{{\mathrm{c}}} \hbar \gamma_{{\mathrm{c}}} = 0.4$, $\xi_P/l_{{\mathrm{c}}}=3$. These correspond to ${\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{n}}}/{L_{c}}\approx 1.5$, ${\mathcal{L}_{\phi}}/{L_{c}}\approx 13$, ${\mathcal{L}_{s}}/{L_{c}}\approx 26$. []{data-label="fig:FitScenarioI"}](./{fig_figfit_T10_detuning-30_cP3_ckappa0.4_alpha0.5}.pdf){width="1.00\hsize"}
*Comparison with the experiment –* The numerically obtained mean and variance of the $k$-space intensity can be compared with the experimental data denoted by $I_{{\mathrm{ex}}}(k_x)$ here, cf. Sec. \[sec:experimental\_results\]. We note that these measurements represent a line-cut along an axis (e.g. the $x$-axis) of the two-dimensional intensity distribution and are measured for one disorder configuration determined by the disorder of the sample. We perform a spatial averaging step by symmetrizing the experimentally obtained intensity: $I_{{\mathrm{ex}}}(k_x) \to (I_{{\mathrm{ex}}}(k_x) + I_{{\mathrm{ex}}}(-k_x))/2$ and $k_x \geq 0$. In order to quantify the agreement between experiment and theory we introduce the chi-square value [@NR.2007] $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:DefChiSqr}
\chi^2_P = \sum \limits_{k_j \geq 0} \left( \frac{I_{{\mathrm{ex}}}(k_j)/a - \mu_{P}(b k_j)}{\sigma_{P}(b k_j)} \right)^2 \ .\end{aligned}$$ Since the condensate density $n_0$ and the healing length $\xi$ are hard to extract experimentally, we use two scaling parameters ($a,b$) instead. Both are determined by a least-squares fitting procedure. [@NR.2007]
In order to estimate the goodness-of-fit [@NR.2007] we extract the complement of the $\chi^2$-probability distribution function $F_{\chi^2}$, denoted by $\mathcal{Q} = 1-F_{\chi^2}(\chi^2_P)$, which is the probability that the simulations agree with the experimental data. If $\mathcal{Q} \ll 1$, the apparent discrepancies of model and data are unlikely to be random fluctuations, and we conclude that the model is not specified correctly, or that the fluctuation strength $\sigma_P$ is under-estimated. On the other hand, if $\mathcal{Q} \sim 1$, we conclude that the model describes the data correctly. Finally, we define the mean squared error: ${\mathrm{MSE}} \equiv (1/N^2) \: \sum_{k_j} (I_{{\mathrm{ex}}}(k_j)/a - \mu_P(k_j))^2$, which is a measure of how well the data match the simulated intensity distribution. The comparison of the experimental data and the numeric simulations of scenario I is shown in Fig. \[fig:FitScenarioI\], and the comparison with simulations of scenario II was shown and discussed in Sec. \[sec:fit\_of\_exp\_data\], Fig. \[fig:Fit\].
Supplemental Material {#supplemental-material .unnumbered}
=====================
Experimental Determination of Condensation Threshold Density {#sec:SM_Pth}
============================================================
For the comparison between the theoretical model and the experiment as discussed in Sec. \[sec:fit\_of\_exp\_data\] of the main text the determination of the condensation threshold ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ is crucial, since experimental as well as numerically simulated spectra shall be compared for similar ratios of $P / {P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$.
)[]{data-label="fig:SM_Intro_spectr_contr"}](./SM_Intro_spectr_contr.pdf){width="0.7\linewidth"}
In general, we identify three spectral contributions within our far-field PL emission pattern, as shown in Fig. S\[fig:SM\_Intro\_spectr\_contr\], namely the lower polariton branch (LPB) emission, and two Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) emission channels. Whereas the minimum of the LPB dispersion is almost excitation power independent ($E_{\mathrm{LPB}}^{\mathrm{min}} = 3.3207$ eV), the LPB emission gets significantly broadened towards higher energies for increasing excitation power. This is due to the fact that polaritons are located at different regions and are subject to different blueshifts due to the spatially inhomogeneous, e.g. Gaussian pump spot as well as the pronounced disorder potential. To consider this effect quantitatively, we calculated the energy barycenter of the LPB emission $E^{\mathrm{BC}}_{\mathrm{LPB}}(k) = (\int_{E} I(E) \cdot E \; dE) / (\int_{E} I(E) dE)$ for $k \approx 0$. To investigate the excitation power dependent evolution of the BEC emission, we performed a lineshape analysis of the PL spectra which are integrated over all observed $k$ values by assuming a Lorentzian lineshape. Both BEC emission channels show a large energy shift of about $E_{\mathrm{BEC 1}} = E_{\mathrm{BEC 2}} = 16\pm2$ meV with respect to $E_{\mathrm{LPB}}^{\mathrm{min}}$ for increasing excitation power density up to $P = 155~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. We assume that the initial large energy shift of $E^{\mathrm{BC}}_{\mathrm{LPB}}$ as well as of $E_{\mathrm{BEC 1,2}}$ is mainly caused by an electronic background potential that is discussed in detail in Appendix \[sec:experiment\_disorderorigin\] in the main text. For $P > 155~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ the slope of $E_{\mathrm{BEC 1,2}}$ is reduced, following the expectations for common BEC. In this regime, the electronic background potential starts to saturate and the condensate-condensate interaction becomes dominant.
Unfortunately, the experimental determination of the condensation threshold is accompanied by large uncertainties due to the interaction between both condensate modes as well as the superposition of intense LPB emission for a large range of excitation powers. Therefore, we discuss here the impact of the disorder on the determination of the threshold power. By doing so, we analyze at first the evolution of the total PL intensity with increasing excitation power, as usually done for a disorder free condensate. As will be discussed below, this method gives only an upper limit and therefore we apply two further methods: firstly, we examine the excitation power dependent evolution of the PL intensity for each spectral contribution separately. Secondly, we study the PL spectra $I_k(E)$ for each $k$ value and excitation power separately and deduce the FWHM for the individual emission channels as a function of $k$ and excitation power density.\
#### Evolution of the total Photoluminescence (PL) Intensity {#par:totalInt}
![(color online) Excitation power dependence of the total PL intensity. For small excitation power densities $P \leq 235~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ the behavior can be described by two power functions with different exponents below (red solid line) and above (blue solid line) the condensation threshold. The threshold can be deduced from the intersection between both functions: ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}= 130{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}$.[]{data-label="fig:SM:totalInt"}](./SM_totalInt_2.pdf){width="0.7\linewidth"}
As a first guess, we analyzed the excitation power dependence of the total PL intensity, integrated over all observed $k$ values and energies, as shown in Fig. S\[fig:SM:totalInt\]. The slope of the PL intensity increases abruptly for $P \geq 130~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. By assuming a power law behavior,[@kavokin.2007] the exponent increases from 1.4 for $P < 130~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ to 4.3 for $P > 130~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. Note that the estimated value of ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}= 130~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ is only an upper limit for the condensation threshold. This can be explained by the inhomogeneous shape of the (e.g. Gaussian) excitation spot profile. For excitation powers $P \gtrsim {P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ the critical density for polariton condensation is achieved within a small area only. In contrast to this, emission from uncondensed polaritons occurs for a much larger area, which superimposes the BEC emission. Thus, the BEC emission becomes dominant leading to the observed kink in the evolution of the PL intensity with increasing powers only for powers significantly larger than the real condensation threshold.\
#### Evolution of PL Emission for each BEC State {#subsec:BEC_peakArea}
![(color online) (a) Normalized PL spectra $I(E)$ integrated over all $k$ values for different excitation powers. The blue (dark yellow) arrow points at the PL spectra for which firstly a pronounced peak relating to the emission of BEC 2 (BEC 1) is observed. (b) Selected spectra that are significant for the determination of ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$. (c) Exemplary PL spectrum for $P = 155~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ showing the FWHM of both BEC emission channels as well as the peak area. (d) Excitation power dependence of the PL intensity, integrated over the FWHM of the corresponding peak.[]{data-label="fig:SM:peakArea"}](./SM_peakArea3.pdf){width="0.9\linewidth"}
To analyze the impact of the superposition of the LPB and BEC emission on the determination of ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$, we analyzed the excitation power dependent evolution of the PL emission for both contributions separately. For this purpose, we investigated the intensity spectra $I(E)$, integrated over all observed $k$ values, for different excitation power densities as shown in Fig. S\[fig:SM:peakArea\](a). For the lowest density ($ P = 16~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) only the LPB emission can be observed, with maximum intensity at the minimum of the LPB dispersion of $E_{{\mathrm{LPB}}} = 3.3207~{\mathrm{eV}}$. For increasing excitation power, the high energy edge of the LPB emission dominates due to the previously mentioned significant broadening towards higher energies. Already for $P = 79~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ an additional emission channel appears at $E_{\mathrm{BEC 2}} = 3.335~{\mathrm{eV}}$. This peak becomes pronounced and shows a strong narrowing for $P \geq 109~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. For further increasing excitation power a second pronounced BEC emission channel appears within the $I(k)$ spectra at smaller energies indicating the multimode BEC behavior, as discussed in Sec. \[sec:experimental\_results\] in the main text. Note that this emission channel is already observable for $P = 79~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ in the energy resolved $k$-space images as shown in Fig. S\[fig:SM\_Intro\_spectr\_contr\](a). However, it appears only as a small shoulder within the $k$-integrated intensity spectra for this excitation density range (cf. Fig. S\[fig:SM:peakArea\](a,b)). The energy position of the spectral contributions considered here (cf. Fig. S\[fig:SM\_Intro\_spectr\_contr\](b)) is indicated by the dashed lines in Fig. S\[fig:SM:peakArea\](a).
An exemplary lineshape analysis of the BEC 1 and BEC 2 contributions to the PL spectra is shown in Fig. S\[fig:SM:peakArea\](c) for an excitation power of $P = 155~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The dependence on excitation power density of the PL peak area, integrated over the FWHM of the corresponding Lorentzian peaks, for both BEC emission channels separately as well as for the sum of both is compiled in Fig. S\[fig:SM:peakArea\](d) in a double-logarithmic scale. The PL intensity of BEC 2 starts to saturate for $P \approx 300~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and even decreases for $P > 550~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, whereas the PL intensity of BEC 1 further increases for the excitation power density range shown here. This indicates an effective relaxation of polaritons from the high-energy BEC state 2 into the low-energy BEC state 1. Thus, both BEC emission channels are not independent but represent a system of coupled condensate states for which we estimate a single condensation threshold density. Similar to the previous method, we expect a kink in the evolution of the PL intensity at ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$, however, only a discontinuity is barely visible at $P \approx 84~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for the data set presented here (cf. Fig. S\[fig:SM:peakArea\](d)). We note that the PL spectra for $P < 109~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ do not show a clear peak for the energy range of the expected BEC emission due to the spectral overlap with the intense and spectrally broad LPB emission. Thus, the extracted peak area is subjected to large uncertainties in the mentioned range of excitation densities, which is highlighted by the gray dashed lines in Fig. S\[fig:SM:peakArea\](d). Due to this fact, the observed discontinuity in the evolution of the PL intensity is not fully reliable and only a range of possible values can be determined for ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$. On the one hand, a peak at 3.335 eV is slightly visible for an excitation density of $P = 79~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, which leads to the observed discontinuity in the PL intensity evolution at $P \approx 84~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and may indicate the onset of BEC emission. However, this peak may also be caused by effective polariton scattering into an already blueshifted state in the uncondensed regime. On the other hand, the peak gets pronounced and spectrally narrowed for $P = 109~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. This is a clear signature for polariton condensation. Conclusively, the range of values for ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ can be restricted to ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}= (84 - 109)~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ by using this method. A way to additionally reduce the impact of spectral overlapping between LPB and BEC emission and further specify ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ is discussed in the following section.\
#### $k$-dependent Evolution of FWHM {#par:FWHM_vs_P}
![(color online) Far-field emission pattern $I(E,k)$ for an exemplary excitation power of $P = 141~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The parabolic shaped LPB emission as well as the dispersionless BEC emission channels are highlighted by white dashed lines. []{data-label="fig:SM:PL_Image"}](./SM_PL_Image.pdf){width="0.7\linewidth"}
For a more sophisticated investigation we analyzed the PL intensity spectra $I_k(E)$ for each $k$ value and excitation power separately. Thereby, we deduced the FWHM for both BEC emission channels as well as for the LPB emission. Fig. S\[fig:SM:PL\_Image\] shows exemplarily a far-field PL emission pattern for $P = 141~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ with logarithmic intensity scale. Here, all three emission channels, marked by white dotted lines, are energetically well separated for a large range of $k$ values.
![(color online) $k$-dependent FWHM of LPB and BEC emission for a large range of excitation power densities. Empty circles represent excitation power densities $P < {P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$, whereas excitation power densities $P \geq {P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ are highlighted by full ones.[]{data-label="fig:SM:FWHM"}](./SM_FWHM.pdf){width="\linewidth"}
The $k$-dependent evolution of the FWHM with increasing excitation power density is shown in Fig. S\[fig:SM:FWHM\] for each emission channel separately. Note, that the missing data points correspond to PL spectra which show a strong spectral overlap of the emission channels and thus prevent a proper lineshape analysis. The broadening of the LPB emission increases with increasing absolute $k$ values due to an increasing excitonic fraction. For $P \geqslant 79~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ the FWHM of the BEC peak 2 is lower than the minimum FWHM of the LPB emission indicating the onset of polariton condensation. For the BEC peak 1 this situation is present for $P \geqslant 109~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. For both BEC emission channels, the narrowing saturates for $P = 141~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, indicating a maximum temporal coherence. Following the arguments about the interaction between both investigated BEC emission channels as discussed in the previous section, this coupled BEC system is characterized by a single threshold power of ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}= 79~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$.\
#### Summary
The results for the determination of ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ are summarized for all three methods in Table \[tab:Pth\]. Using the typically used method by analyzing the total PL intensity as a function of excitation power, an upper value of ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}< 130~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ was estimated. By studying the PL intensity for each spectral contribution separately it was possible to reduce the impact of the disorder on the determined threshold value and further restrict the range of ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ to ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}= (84- 109)~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The best minimization of the disorder influence on the determination of the threshold power for condensation was achieved by investigating the PL spectra for each $k$ value separately and deducing the FWHM for each spectral contribution. This method also differs from the other ones regarding its physical principle. The analysis of the PL intensity evolution for the total emission as well as for the individual BEC emission are based on an increasing rate of the parametric scattering process into the condensate state for $P \geq {P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ due to its bosonic nature. Thereby, the coexistence of a small area of condensed polaritons for $P \gtrapprox {P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ and a large area of uncondensed ones can cause a rather soft transition of the PL intensity evolution leading to large uncertainties for the determination of ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$. Investigating the FWHM of the BEC emission channels rather gives insight into another property. As the FWHM of the BEC emission channels are inversely proportional to the temporal coherence of the corresponding system of particles the spontaneous build-up of coherence is observed, which is a basic property of a polariton condensate. Nevertheless, the convolution of a certain BEC emission peak with other emission channels leads to uncertainties for the determination of ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ using this method, too. In summary, we estimate ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}= 79~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ as the threshold value for polariton condensation in our MC for the investigated parameter set of $T = 10~{\mathrm{K}}, \Delta = -30~{\mathrm{meV}}$.
method ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$ in ${\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ comments
-------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
total PL intensity 130 upper limit, BEC emission superimposed by intense LPB emission
PL intensity for each BEC emission channel 84 - 109 superposition with LPB emission prevents reliable lineshape analysis for small excitation power densities
$k$-dependent FWHM 79 provides best separation between LPB and BEC emission
: Used methods for experimental determination of the condensation threshold density ${P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}$.[]{data-label="tab:Pth"}
Experimental limitations for Determination of the Coherence Time {#sec:SM_limits_cohTime}
================================================================
In this section, we discuss two experimental artifacts that lead to limitations in the determination of the condensate’s coherence time.
Spectrally dependent Phase Shift {#subsec:Tcoh_phase_shift}
--------------------------------
The phase difference $\phi_{12}$ between the emission from both interferometer arms depends on the emission wavelength $\lambda$ in the following way: $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:interf_phase}
\phi_{12}(\lambda,\Delta s,\vec{r}) & = \frac{2 \pi \Delta s} {\lambda} + (\vec{k_1} - \vec{k_2}) \vec{r} \notag \\ & = \frac{2 \pi \Delta s} {\lambda} + \frac{2 \pi} {\lambda} |\vec{r}| (\sin(\alpha_1) - \sin(\alpha_2)).\end{aligned}$$ Here, $\Delta s$ is the path length difference between both interferometer arms, $\vec{k_1},\vec{k_2}$ are the wavevectors of the waves propagating along the individual interferometer arms, $\alpha_1,\alpha_2$ are the angle between the optical axis and the corresponding wavevectors $\vec{k_1},\vec{k_2}$ and $\vec{r}$ is the distance vector from the intersection point between both wavevectors (in the detector plane) and the point of interest of the resulting interference pattern. The geometry is sketched in Fig. \[fig:scheme\_PhaseDiff\] for the special case of $\alpha_2 = 0$. The second term of [Eq. ]{} defines the appearance of the observed interference pattern (fringe distance and orientation) for a specified $\Delta s$ and $\lambda$, whereas the first term causes an additional, spectrally dependent phase offset that increases linearly with increasing path length difference.
![(color online) Scheme of two superimposed, monochromatic plane waves with wavevectors $\vec{k}_1 = (2 \pi / \lambda) (- \sin (\alpha_1) \vec{e}_x + \cos (\alpha_1) \vec{e}_z) ,\vec{k}_2 = (2 \pi / \lambda) \vec{e}_z$ and equal wavelength $\lambda$ to illustrate the spatial phase distribution $\phi_{12}( \vec{r})$ (cf. second term in [Eq. ]{}) for the special case of $\alpha_2 = 0$. The solid (dashed) lines represent electric field maxima (minima) of the corresponding waves. Interference maxima (minima) within the detection plane occur at position $\vec{r}$ for which the electric field maximum of wave 2 is superimposed with a field maximum (minimum) of wave 1. The spatial phase distribution in the detection plane $\phi_{12}(x,y)$ = $\phi_{12}(x) = (2 \pi |\vec{r}| \sin(\alpha_1)) / \lambda$ is in accordance with the second term in [Eq. ]{} for $\alpha_2 = 0$. $\phi_{12}(x)$ can be found by relating the projection $|\vec{r}| \sin(\alpha_1)$ with the emission wavelength $\lambda$. This leads to a fringe period of $\Delta |\vec{r}| = \Delta x = \lambda / \sin(\alpha_1)$. []{data-label="fig:scheme_PhaseDiff"}](./SM_scheme_PhaseDiff.pdf){width="0.8\linewidth"}
The spectral resolution is $\Delta \lambda = \lambda_{\mathrm{max}} - \lambda_{\mathrm{min}} = 0.08$ nm for our experiment. Therefore, accumulation of the intensity of the interference pattern over the spectral range $\Delta \lambda$ is accompanied by an integration over a range of phase differences
$$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:interf_phasediff}
\Delta \phi_{12}(\lambda,\Delta s) = & 2 \pi \left( \frac{1}{\lambda_{\mathrm{min}}} - \frac{1}{\lambda_{\mathrm{max}}} \right) \notag \\ & (\Delta s + |\vec{r}| (\sin(\alpha_1) - \sin(\alpha_2)).\end{aligned}$$
The second term in the second bracket in [Eq. ]{} can be neglected due to $|\vec{r}| (\sin(\alpha_1) - \sin(\alpha_2)) \ll \Delta s$ for almost the total range of path differences used here. The angle between the propagation directions of the two superimposed waves is about $0.14^\circ$ deduced from the fringe distance of the observed interference pattern, which represents an upper limit for $\sin(\alpha_1) - \sin(\alpha_2) \approx \alpha_1 - \alpha_2$ (in case of opposite signs for both angles). The radius of the observed interference pattern is in the range of $|\vec{r}|_{\mathrm{max}} \approx 1$ mm leading to $|\vec{r}|_{\mathrm{max}} \Delta \alpha_{\mathrm{max}} \approx 2.4~\mu$m. This is about three orders of magnitude below the maximum path length difference of $\Delta s_{\mathrm{max}} = 2.7$ mm.
The first term in [Eq. ]{} can be re-expressed in terms of $\Delta \phi_{12}(\lambda,\Delta s) = 2 \pi \left( \frac{1}{\lambda_{\mathrm{min}}} - \frac{1}{\lambda_{\mathrm{max}}} \right) \Delta s = 2 \pi \left( \frac{\lambda_{\mathrm{max}} - \lambda_{\mathrm{min}}}{\lambda_{\mathrm{max}} \lambda_{\mathrm{min}}} \right) \Delta s \approx 2 \pi \frac{\Delta \lambda}{\lambda^2} \Delta s$. Therefore, a significant phase shift of the order of $2\pi$ is induced, if the path difference $\Delta s$ is of the order of $\lambda^2 / \Delta \lambda$. This is the case for the measurement presented here, since $\lambda^2 / \Delta \lambda \approx 1.7$ mm. Thus, the experimentally observed decrease of the normalized visibility with increasing path difference (or temporal delay) is stronger than the pure reduction due to the decreasing temporal coherence $g^1(\Delta t)$, which is therefore under-estimated.
In order to quantify the impact of the spectrally dependent phase shift on the determined visibility we integrate the interference pattern $I_{\mathrm{interf}}$ over the range of phase differences $\Delta \phi_{12} = \phi_{12,{\mathrm{max}}} - \phi_{12,{\mathrm{min}}}$ that corresponds to a single CCD row $$\begin{aligned}
I_{\mathrm{interf}}(\phi_{12,{\mathrm{min}}},\phi_{12,{\mathrm{max}}},\Delta s,\vec{r}) \notag \\ = \int_{\phi_{12,{\mathrm{min}}}}^{\phi_{12,{\mathrm{max}}}} \! \frac{ I_{\mathrm{interf}}(\phi_{12},\Delta s,\vec{r}) \, \mathrm{d} \phi_{12}}{\phi_{12,{\mathrm{max}}} - \phi_{12,{\mathrm{min}}}}
\end{aligned}$$ where $\phi_{12}$ is given by Eq. \[eq:interf\_phase\]. Thereby, we assume a constant intensity distribution of the emission from the individual arms within the width of the single CCD row as well as total coherence between both intensity signals. Afterwards, we determined the normalized visibility according to Eq. \[eq:Inorm\] in the main text.
![(color online) (a) Decrease of the normalized visibility with increasing temporal delay of a theoretically assumed, totally coherent signal due to the spectrally dependent phase shift. The small fluctuations of the numerically determined data are caused by the finite number of points for the spatial interference pattern $I_{\mathrm{interf}}(\vec{r})$. (b) Corrected normalized visibility $V_{\mathrm{norm}}'$ as a function of the temporal delay between both intensity signals.[]{data-label="fig:SM_phaseShift_correction"}](./SM_phaseShift_correction.pdf){width="\linewidth"}
Following this procedure, we found empirically a sinusoidal decrease of $V_{\mathrm{norm}}$ with increasing path length difference or rather temporal delay, as shown in Fig. S\[fig:SM\_phaseShift\_correction\](a). By taking into account this systematic experimental error, a corrected coherence time of 10.3 ps could be deduced (cf. Fig. S\[fig:SM\_phaseShift\_correction\](b)).
Limited Excitation Pulse Width
------------------------------
For the coherence measurements we used pulsed excitation with a pulse length of about 2 ps. Note that for the PL experiments which are compared to theoretical simulations based on a steady-state theory, a different excitation laser with pulse length of about 500 ps was used. By means of previous time-resolved measurements of the investigated microcavity (MC) under similar excitation conditions, a condensate lifetime of about 4-8 ps was observed (not shown in this work). However, the PL intensity decreases exponentially after the excitation pulse vanishes, which strongly limits the determination of longer coherence times.
![(color online) (a) Monoexponential decay of two intensity signals $i_1(t)$ and $i_2(t)$ as well as of the superimposed interference signal $i_{\mathrm{interf}}(t)$. For the latter one, total coherence $g^1(\Delta t)$ and vanishing phase shift $\Delta \phi_{12}$ between both individual signals are assumed. (b) Comparison between the experimentally obtained normalized visibility and the adapted model $V_{{\mathrm{meas}}} = V_{\mathrm{norm}}^{\mathrm{BEC}} \; V_{{\mathrm{norm}}}'$ (cf. Eq. \[eq:tau\_coh\].) Here, we considered the decrease of the calculated normalized visibility $V_{{\mathrm{norm}}}'$ or rather normalized temporal coherence with increasing temporal delay between both signals due to the finite pulse length of the condensate emission. We assumed a condensate lifetime of $\tau_{\mathrm{LT}} = 6~{\mathrm{ps}}$. (c) Similar procedure as in (b), but an additional correction due to the spectrally dependent phase shift was applied.[]{data-label="fig:SM_pulsedExc"}](./SM_pulsedExc.pdf){width="\linewidth"}
To quantify the impact of the finite pulse duration on the calculated coherence time, we consider two pulses $i_1(t)$ and $i_2(t)$ originating from both interferometer arms with equal amplitude $i_0$ and with a temporal delay of $\Delta t$. For simplicity, we describe the temporal evolution of both pulses by a mono-exponential decay
$$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:exp_decay}
i_1(t) &= i_0 \: \exp(-t/\tau_{\mathrm{LT}}) \\
i_2(t) &= \begin{cases} 0 & \text{for} \: t < \Delta t \\
i_0 \: \exp(- (t+ \Delta t)/\tau_{\mathrm{LT}}) & \text{for} \: t \geq \Delta t \end{cases}
$$
while neglecting the onset time as shown in Fig. \[fig:SM\_pulsedExc\](a). For $t \geq \Delta t$ the intensity of the delayed signal $i_2(t)$ is by a factor of $A \equiv \exp(\Delta t / \tau_{\mathrm{LT}})$ larger than $i_1(t)$. The detection occurs time-integrated over millions of laser pulses, whereas each pulse acts as an individual statistical event. Thus, we have to consider the PL intensity integrated over the time interval between two consecutive pulses $T$:
$$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:exp_decay_sum}
I_1 &= \int_0^T i_1(t) \: d{\mathrm{t}} & \overset{T \gg \tau_{\mathrm{LT}}}= i_0 \tau_{\mathrm{LT}}\\
I_2 &= \int_{\Delta t}^T i_2(t) \: d{\mathrm{t}} & \overset{T \gg \tau_{\mathrm{LT}}}= i_0 \tau_{\mathrm{LT}} .
$$
The condition $T \gg \tau_{\mathrm{LT}}$ is fulfilled in our experiment, since the time interval $T$ is 13 ns, which is about three orders of magnitude larger than the lifetime of the condensate of about $\tau_{\mathrm{LT}} = 6~ {\mathrm{ps}}.$ To determine the coherence time, we calculate the normalized visibility $V_{{\mathrm{norm}}}$ of the interference pattern (cf.Eq. \[eq:Inorm\] in the main text), whose amplitude represents the temporal first order correlation function $g^1(\Delta t)$. This condition is only valid, if we calculate $V_{{\mathrm{norm}}}(t)$ for each point in time during the temporal decay of the PL intensity separately. But in our experiment, we firstly measure the temporally integrated intensity of the interference pattern $ I_{{\mathrm{interf}}} = \int_0^T i_{{\mathrm{interf}}}(t) \: d{\mathrm{t}} = \int_0^T (i_1(t) + i_2(t) + 2\sqrt{i_1(t) i_2(t)} g^1(\Delta t) \cos(\Delta \phi_{12}) ) \: d{\mathrm{t}}$ and calculate the normalized visibility $V_{\mathrm{norm}}'$ afterwards. To quantify the impact of the pulsed excitation we calculate $V_{{\mathrm{norm}}}'$ for an assumed superposition of two totally coherent signals without any phase shift ($g^1(\Delta t)~=~1,~\cos(\Delta \phi_{12} = 0$)). This leads to the following equation: $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:interf_tenp_integration}
I_{{\mathrm{interf}}} &= \int_0^{\Delta t} i_1(t) \: d{\mathrm{t}} + \int_{\Delta t}^T (i_1(t) + i_2(t) + \sqrt{i_1(t) i_2(t)} \: d{\mathrm{t}} \notag \\
&= \int_0^{\Delta t} i_1(t) \: d{\mathrm{t}} + \int_{\Delta t}^T
i_2(t) [\frac{1}{A} + 1 + \frac{2}{\sqrt{A}}] \: d{\mathrm{t}} \notag \\
&= i_0 \tau_{\mathrm{LT}} \: (1 - \frac{1}{A}) + i_0 \tau_{\mathrm{LT}} [\frac{1}{A} + 1 + \frac{2}{\sqrt{A}}] \notag \\
&= i_0 \tau_{\mathrm{LT}} \: (2 + \frac{2}{\sqrt{A}})
$$ with $A$ being the intensity factor between both signals as defined previously in this paragraph. This value of $I_{{\mathrm{interf}}}$ is smaller than the expected maximum intensity for the superposition of two totally coherent signals with equal intensity of $I_{{\mathrm{interf}}}^{{\mathrm{max}}} = 4 i_0 \tau_{\mathrm{LT}}$, except for the trivial case of A = 1 that is fulfilled for $\Delta t = 0$ only. Consequently, this leads also to a reduction of the normalized visibility $$\begin{aligned}
V_{{\mathrm{norm}}}' & = \frac{I_{{\mathrm{interf}}} - I_1 - I_2}
{2\sqrt{I_1 I_2}} \notag \\ & = \frac{1}{\sqrt{A}} = \exp(-\frac{\Delta t}{2 \tau_{\mathrm{LT}}}) & \leq 1 .\end{aligned}$$
Fig. \[fig:SM\_pulsedExc\](b) shows the evolution of the calculated normalized visibility $V_{{\mathrm{norm}}}'$ as a function of the temporal delay for $\tau_{\mathrm{LT}} = 6$ ps. Since we assumed total coherence and a vanishing phase shift between both signals $i_1(t)$ and $i_2(t)$, the reduction of $V_{{\mathrm{norm}}}'$ is exclusively caused by the temporal decay of the condensate emission due to the pulsed excitation. Therefore, $V_{{}{\mathrm{norm}}}'$ represents a correction function for the real value $V_{{}{\mathrm{norm}}}$. For the experimentally determined, uncorrected coherence time of $\tau_{\mathrm{coh}}' = 8.7~$ps we find a reduction of the normalized intensity by a factor of $V_{{}{\mathrm{norm}}}' = 0.49$. For comparison, the maximum value extracted from the experiment is about $V_{{}{\mathrm{norm}}} \approx 0.6$ (cf. Fig. \[fig:EkSpace\_Interference\] in the main text), whereas for uncorrelated emission a residual normalized visibility of $V_{{}{\mathrm{norm}}} \approx 0.04$ could be estimated (not shown here). For our MC condensation can only be achieved with pulsed excitation, thus we cannot determine the real coherence time directly from the measurement. However, with the help of the simplified model presented here, a corrected value of the coherence time can be estimated.
The normalized visibility obtained from the experiment $V_{\mathrm{meas}}$, is a convolution of the normalized visibility of the investigated condensate $V_{\mathrm{norm}}^{\mathrm{BEC}}$, for which a Gaussian decay is assumed for increasing temporal delay $\Delta t$, and of the correction function $V_{{\mathrm{norm}}}'$, leading to the following equation: $$\begin{aligned}
V_{{\mathrm{meas}}} & = V_{\mathrm{norm}}^{\mathrm{BEC}} \; V_{{\mathrm{norm}}}' \notag \\ &
= g^1(\Delta t =0) \exp(- \frac{\pi}{2} \frac{\Delta t^2}{\tau_{{\mathrm{coh}}}^2}) \exp(-\frac{\Delta t}{2 \tau_{\mathrm{LT}}}) \notag \\
\label{eq:tau_coh} & =g^1(\Delta t =0) \exp(- \frac{\pi}{2} \frac{\Delta t^2}{\tau_{{\mathrm{coh}}}^2} - \frac{\Delta t}{2 \tau_{\mathrm{LT}}}).\end{aligned}$$
By comparing the experimental data with the corrected model obtained in Eq. \[eq:tau\_coh\] we can estimate a corrected coherence time of $\tau_{\mathrm{coh}} = 14$ ps. If we further apply corrections from the spectrally dependent phase shift, as discussed in the previous section, a maximum coherence time of $\tau_{\mathrm{coh}} = 24$ ps was estimated.
[^1]: aluminum is a common donor in ZnO layers and as a component of the used sapphire substrate and Bragg mirror layers it can easily diffuse into the ZnO cavity during the annealing process at high temperatures of $T~\approx~900~^\circ$
[^2]: The non-equilibrium parameter $\alpha$ can be extracted by the linewidth divided by the derivative of the condensate blueshift w.r.t. excitation power, $\alpha = \hbar \gamma_{{\mathrm{c}}} / (d \Delta E / d(P/{P_{{\mathrm{th}}}}))$. Within the error-bounds we chose $\alpha = 7$ in order to reproduce the experimental data.
[^3]: The shoulder in the experimental data at $k = 3,\dots,4 \ \mu {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ is visible for all excitation powers and its shape and magnitude is independent on the power. Therefore we can conclude that this shoulder is caused by residual effect and does not belong to the condensate emission. Different options are possible, e.g. the emission of uncondensed polaritons occupying the LP branch or artifacts from the experimental setup, e.g. transmission fluctuations from the microscope objective.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "ArXiv"
}
|
Q:
google-apps-script to edit gmail subject line
Here is the problem, and you can search and find lots of people who complain about it:
Let's say you sell something (e.g. run a small business selling on the internet) and you use PayPal to accept payments. PayPal sends every single notification of a payment with the exact same subject line "Notification of payment received".
So, if you receive a payment from Bobby Sue, and then you get a payment from Billy Jo, gmail shows:
Bobby Sue via PayPal(2) Notification of payment received
and /nothing/ for Billy Jo. Billy is the (2), but it's buried in the same "thread"
And if you process Bobby Sue's order, and archive it, that archives Billy Jo's order as well. If you aren't careful, you can forget to ship anything for that order. And Billy don't like that.
I've searched long and hard for a setting or a way to keep gmail from doing that, or to change what PayPal sends in it's subject line. Seems to be a case of immovable object and irresistible force. *note: Yes, I know there is a setting in gmail that turns this "conversation view" off entirely. But that feature is very valuable for most emails. I only want to separate these paypal emails.
Any ideas?
My only idea is that gmail can be accessed by app scripts, and perhaps one could be written to find the transaction id in the email and tack it onto the subject when it arrives. But I can't find any example scripts that edit the subject line... Any idea if that is possible?
A:
Apps script won't be able to modify the subject line for an email as it arrives, it's not designed to modify inbound/outbound mail, only mail resting in the inbox to do tasks such as apply labels, or forward mail periodically.
If you're looking to modify Inbound mail, and you use Google Apps, custom routing rules might be helpful: https://support.google.com/a/answer/2368151?hl=en, but I doubt they will, as they don't tend to 'read' the message and attach an identifier.
In reality, the issue is that Paypal notifies you in an identical and hard to distinguish way every time you receive payment (No matter what your interface, Gmail or otherwise, it would be a lot handier to have your creditors name in the subject, saving you having to open the message). One solution you might find here is to leverage Paypals IPN infrastructure: https://developer.paypal.com/webapps/developer/docs/classic/ipn/integration-guide/IPNIntro/, but otherwise It's unlikely you'll find a solution in Apps script.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Our past plans suggested we would have Android platform support by this time. However, we have a long way to go, before we can declare Android support. See for yourself:
Some people would consider this a failure. We don't. We see a chance to start low and jump high!
Having only worked with liberal and forgiving desktop environments, Android was a complete surprise for us. Android punished us for everything: memory, resources, graphics. The usual Android response was either a crash, or an empty screen.
At the same time, such a harsh environment highlighted weak spots in our technologies and helped us see where to go next.
This month we start working on iOS platform support, even though we have only scratched Android. Why? Because it's a lot easier to get those red cubes rendered on iOS without polishing Android first. We don't want to spend months polishing Android only to find out later we had to implement certain feature differently so that it works on all supported platforms.
And right after we get those cubes rendered on iOS, we start to work on bringing them to Web.
You got it right: we challenge ourselves with support for Android, iOS, and Web this year.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
#!/bin/bash
BIC_UTIL="/usr/bin/bic-util"
SENSOR_HISTORY=180
if [ "$#" -eq 1 ] && [ $1 = "time" ]; then
now=$(date)
echo "Crash Dump generated at $now"
exit 0
fi
if [ "$#" -ne 2 ]; then
echo "$0 <slot#> coreid ==> for CPU CoreID"
echo "$0 <slot#> msr ==> for CPU MSR"
echo "$0 <slot#> sensors ==> for sensor history"
echo "$0 <slot#> threshold ==> for sensor threshold"
exit 1
fi
echo ""
if [ "$2" = "coreid" ]; then
[ -r /usr/local/fbpackages/crashdump/crashdump_coreid ] && $BIC_UTIL $1 --me_file /usr/local/fbpackages/crashdump/crashdump_coreid
elif [ "$2" = "msr" ]; then
[ -r /usr/local/fbpackages/crashdump/crashdump_msr ] && $BIC_UTIL $1 --me_file /usr/local/fbpackages/crashdump/crashdump_msr
elif [ "$2" = "sensors" ]; then
/usr/local/bin/sensor-util all --history $SENSOR_HISTORY
elif [ "$2" = "threshold" ]; then
/usr/local/bin/sensor-util all --threshold
fi
exit 0
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Antibodies to structural and nonstructural gag-coded proteins of type-D retroviruses in humans with lymphadenopathy and AIDS.
The sera of patients with lymphadenopathies (children, suffering from primary immune deficiencies) and AIDS were analysed for the presence of antibodies against D-type retroviruses by means of radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) and Western blotting. It was established that these sera contain the antibodies derived against p27, the major structural protein of type-D retroviruses, in a considerable percentage (12/80 for lymphadenopathy (LAP) patients and 9/12 for AIDS patients). Some serum samples reacted in RIP with Pr78gag, the precursor of gag-coded proteins of these viruses. The results obtained for AIDS patients are in contrast with those reported by other research groups. Nevertheless, it seems highly probable that D-type retroviruses are truly associated with human immunodeficiencies, as has been shown for simian ones.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in newborn infants using the umbilical vein as a reinfusion route.
The authors report on four neonates treated with venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) using the umbilical vein as a reinfusion route. From 1994 to 1997, 26 instances VV-ECMO in neonates have been carried out at our neonatal center for the treatment of severe respiratory and cardiac failure. Among them, 22 patients could be treated with VV-ECMO mainly using 15F double-lumen catheter (DLC), adding the cephalic drainage using another catheter. In the remaining four cases, however, attempts to insert the DLC into the right internal jugular vein failed because the vein was too small or technical problems. For such instances, two catheters were cannulated into the right atrium and the cephalic portion of the right internal jugular vein, respectively. These two venous catheters were connected to the drainage route of ECMO circuit with a "Y" connector. Then, the umbilical vein was cannulated with 10F or 8F catheter, which was connected to the reinfusion route of ECMO to return the oxygenated blood to the infant. The median age at which ECMO was initiated was 18 hours, and the median ECMO course was 72 hours. The liver function tests were slightly and transiently worsened in two patients during VV perfusion, (in one patient serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT] elevated to 76 IU/L and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase [SGPT] to 49 IU/L, and in another patient SGOT elevated to 56 IU/L and SGPT remained in normal range). Preumbilical cannula pressures were measured in two patients. In a patient who used 10F umbilical cannula, the preumbilical maximum pressure was 43 mm Hg at 250 mL/min of ECMO flow. In another with an 8F catheter, it was 72 mm Hg at 180 mL/min of ECMO flow. All of the patients survived without any neurological complications. If the right internal jugular vein would not accommodate the DLC, VV-ECMO using the umbilical vein as a infusion route could be selected.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
"[Man Narrating] As the 21 st century began... human evolution was at a turning point." "Natural selection, the process by which the strongest, the smartest... the fastest reproduced in greater numbers than the rest... a process which had once favored the noblest traits of man... now began to favor different traits." "[Reporter] TheJoey Buttafuoco case" "Most science fiction of the day predicted a future that was more civilized... and more intelligent." "But as time went on, things seemed to be heading in the opposite direction." "A dumbing down." "How did this happen?" "Evolution does not necessarily reward intelligence." "With no natural predators to thin the herd... it began to simply reward those who reproduced the most... and left the intelligent to become an endangered species." "Having kids is such an important decision." "We're just waiting for the right time." "It's not something you want to rush into, obviously." "No way." "Oh, shit, I'm pregnant againi" "Shit!" "I got too many damn kids!" " I thought you was on the pill or some shit!" " Hell, no!" "Shit!" "I must've been thinkin' of Brittany." "Brittany?" "No, you didn't!" " There's no way we could have a child now." " Mm-mm." "Not with the market the way it is, no." "God, no." "That just wouldn't make any sense." "Come on over here, bitch!" "He don't care about you!" "Yeah?" "Well, there must be somethin' he likes over here." " She don't mean nothin' to me, baby!" " Clevon!" "Oh, shit." "It wasn't me!" "It wasn't me!" "Well, we finally decided to have children... and I'm not pointing fingers, but it's not going well." "And this is helping." "I'm just saying that before I have in vitro, maybe you should be willing to" "It's always me, right?" "Well, it's not my sperm count." "Yeah!" "Yeah!" "I'm gonna fuck all y'all!" "That's my boy!" "Whoo!" "Whoo!" "Clevon is lucky to be alive." "He attempted to jump a Jet Ski from a lake... into a swimming pool and impaled his crotch on an iron gate." "But thanks to recent advances in stem cell research... and the fine work of Doctors Krinski and Altschuler..." "Clevon should regain full reproductive function." "Get your hands off my junk!" "Unfortunately, Trevor passed away from a heart attack... while masturbating... to produce sperm for artificial insemination." "But I have some eggs frozen... so just as soon as the right guy comes along, you know" "[Clevon Shouting]" "[Narrator] And so it went for generations... although few, if any, seemed to notice." "But in the year 2005, in a military base just outside of Washington, D. C... a simple army librarian was unknowingly... about to change the entire course ofhuman history." "Come on, asshole!" "Go on!" "Take him to jail!" "Hey, Bauers." "This is Peterson, your new replacement." " My what?" "I'm gettin' replaced?" " Yeah, they didn't tell you?" " No." " Some new assignment." "They're being all weird and hush-hush about it." "I don't want a new assignment." "I tell Sergeant Metsler that every time." " I'm good at this." " Good at what?" "Sittin' on ass?" "No one ever comes in here." "Yeah, I know." "It's perfect for me." "No one bothers me." "I can't screw up." "If I can just stay in here another eight years, I get my pension." "I'm all set." "Can you just get me out of this?" "No way." "Not this time." "It's coming from high up." "Jesus." "I don't understand." "Why me?" "Every time Metsler says, "Lead, follow, or get out of the way," I get out of the way." "When he says that, you're not supposed to choose "get out of the way."" "It's supposed to embarrass you into leading or at least following." "That doesn't embarrass me." "Look, Joe." "You don't have a choice." "You're just gonna have to follow." "Like, follow me upstairs, like, now." "Right now?" "Shouldn't I train this guy?" "I think he can figure out how to sit on his ass and watch TV all day." "Let's go." "[Man] Gentlemen, meetJoe Bauers... our first subject for the Human Hibernation Experiment." "Now, as you know, throughout the years... many of our best pilots, soldiers and military leaders... often go their entire careers without ever seeing battle." "With the Human Hibernation Rroject, we will be able to save our best men... frozen in their prime, for use when they are needed most." "Joe, here, is not one of our best men." "Mr. Bauers was chosen primarily for how remarkably average he is." "Extremely average in every category." "Remarkable, truly." "The most average person in our entire armed forces." "Additionally, he has no family, is unmarried... is an only child, and both parents are deceased... making him an ideal candidate, with no one to ask any nosy questions... should something go wrong with the experiment." "We had a little less luck in finding a female researcher's dream within our ranks... and were forced to look into the private sector." "This is Rita." "LikeJoe, she has no immediate family." "Rita agreed to participate in this experiment... in exchange for dropping of certain criminal charges and a small fee." "We did, however, have to come to an arrangement with her pimp... a gentleman who goes by the name Upgrayedd, which he spells thusly" "With two D's, as he says, for a double dose of this pimping." "Upgrayedd agreed to loan us Rita for exactly one year... and keep quiet on the matter, in exchange for certain leeways... with the local authorities in running his pimp game." "First, however, there was the difficult challenge of gaining his trust." "Collins, could we skip to the technicals, please?" "Sure." "Let me just finish here." "You see, a pimp's love is very different from that of a square." "Collins!" "Fine." "We'll move on." "It is a fascinating world though." "Jesus, Collins." "Yeah, that's- [Clears Throat]" "Anyway, the experiment in which these two subjects... are to be placed into a dry freeze... for exactly one year is set to begin tomorrow." "As you know, this is highly classified." "However, if successful, we believe humans can be stored indefinitely." "So this is kinda crazy, huh?" " What unit are you with?" " Oh, I ain't in the service." "Oh, private sector." "Okay." " So, uh, what do you do?" " A little of this, a little of that." "Wow, that's great." "You know, I really envy people that can make a living that way- doing a little of this and a little of that." "I, uh, had a neighbor, Glen." "He used to make chainsaw sculptures... and then he'd sell 'em at the flea market." "Yeah." "So, uh, you an artist or somethin'?" " Uh, yeah." " You do paintings or" " Yeah, paintings." " Okay, great." " Mm-hmm." " What do you paint mostly?" "I don't know, just..." "people and fruit and shit." "Wow." "Well, must be great to be able to make a living doing something you love." "[Scoffs] Yeah." "It's not all it's cracked up to be." " [Door Opens] - [Collins] Who wants to go first?" "Me." " [Machinery Whirring]" " What the f" " Oh, hell, no." "Uh-uh." "Hey, no." "You probably don't want to do that with the I.V. S attached and all." " What's the matter?" " Man, Upgrayedd didn't tell me they'd be putting me... in no damn coffin with tubes and shit!" "Oh, no, don't worry about it." "It'll be safe." "Trust me." "Who's Upgrayedd?" "He's my boyfriend." "Man, how do you know this shit's safe?" "These guys know what they're doing." "Don't worry." "They've tested it on dogs and everything." "What happens is, the drugs will kick in, we drift off to sleep... we wake up in a year, you'll be painting' again." " It'll be fine." " All right." "Upgrayedd." "That's an interesting name." "Is he Dutch?" "See, 'cause I knew this, uh, Dutch exchange student." "His name was Untgrad." "Okay, my niggas, we're almost set here." "Just go ahead and lie down." "Relax." "[Equipment Beeping]" "See you in a year." "[Narrator] The Human Hibernation Rroject... was one of the army's most ambitious experiments... and one of its most secretive." "But it was not immune from human error." "Freeze!" "[Groans]" "Soon after Collins's arrest and the massive scandal that followed... the base was closed." "It hadn't even been a year, and the entire project was simply forgotten." "Things looked bleak forJoe, but they were even worse for mankind." "As Joe and Rita lay dormant, the years passed... and mankind became stupider at a frightening rate." "Some had high hopes that genetic engineering... would correct this trend in evolution." "But sadly, the greatest minds and resources... were focused on conquering hair loss and prolonging erections." "[Orangutan Chattering]" "Meanwhile, the population exploded, and intelligence continued to decline... until humanity was incapable of solving even its most basic problems." "Like garbage, which had been stacked for centuries with no plan whatsoever... leading to the Great Garbage Avalanche of 2505... which would set in motion the events that would change the world forever." "[Backup Warning Beeping]" " Hold on." " [Man On TV] Next, on The Violence Channel... an all-new Owl My Ballsl" "[Screaming]" " All right. [Chuckling] - [Beeping]" " [Snarling] - [Screaming]" "[Chuckling]" "[Groans]" "[Man Watching TV] That guy got hit in the balls." "Ow, my balls!" " [Groans] - [Man On TV Screaming]" "Huh?" "[Groaning]" " [TV:" "Tires Squealing, Man Screaming] - [Man Watching TVLaughs]" " [Joe] Where's" " Hold on." "Shut up!" "[Man Laughing]" "[Tires Squealing]" " Where's Officer Collins?" " Shut up!" "[Man On TV] Next week on Ow!" "My Balls!" "Hormel goes to Rarisl" " Are we on base?" " I'm gonna base your ass on my fist." "In your face, ass!" "Shut up." "I'm sorry." "It's just- Where am I?" "Shut up!" "I told you already!" "[Flushes]" "Yeah!" "Wouldn't shut up!" "Come in here and not shut up." "Yeah, you were like, "I'm not shutting'up,"and I was like" "[Narrator] Unaware of what year it was..." "Joe wandered the streets, desperate for help." "But the English language had deteriorated... into a hybrid ofhillbilly, valley girl, inner-city slang and various grunts." " Joe was able to understand them..." " [Indistinct]" "But when he spoke in an ordinary voice... he sounded pompous and faggy to them." "[Man On R.A.] Raging Doc-[Slurring]" "Report to, uh" "Dr. Lueboo... uh, report." " Your floor-Your floor is now clean." " [Beeping]" "Your floor- Your floor is now clean." "Your floor- Your floor is now clean." "Hi, uh, I was in an army experiment, and I'm not feeling so well." "I think it might have been the drugs they had me on." "I've been hallucinating." "My head is just killin'me." "My-My-My joints are all achy and I" "Is this a hospital or" " Actually, I don't even know where I am." " [Beeps]" "[Electronic Voice] Rlease proceed to the diagnostic area on the right..." " and have a healthy dayl" " Oh." "Thanks." "Thank youl" "Uh, 'scuse me." "I think this might be Gatorade or somethin'." " I was just looking for some regular water." " Water?" " Yeah." " You mean like in the toilet?" "What for?" "You know, just to drink." "[Laughing]" "[Continues Laughing]" " dd [Electronic Tune] - [Electronic Voice] You've got hepatitisl" "Oh, is someone not feeling well?" "Your illness is very important to us." " [Man] Next." " [Electronic Voice] Welcome to the Healthmaster Inferno..." " powered byJormi Technology." " Uh, this goes in your mouth." "This one goes in your ear." "And this one goes in your butt." "Come on." " Hurry up, assholel" " Come onl" " [Beeping]" " Shit." "Hang on a second." "This one" " No." " Hey, come on." " Uh" " Hurry up!" " This one." "This one goes in your mouth." "Come on!" "[Electronic Voice] Thank you for waiting." "Dr. Lexus will be with you shortly." "That's a weird misprint." "Hey." "How's it hang, ese?" "Yeah." "Right." "Well, not so good, you know." "I don't really know what's going on, but I'm seein' things." "I think it might be because of these drugs the army put me on." "But, if you could, uh, just get me well enough to get back to base" "Right." "Kick ass." "Well, don't wanna sound like a dick or nothin'... but, uh, it says on your chart that you're fucked up." "You talk like a fag, and your shit's all retarded." "What I'd do is just like, like, you know... like, you know what I mean?" "Like- [Chuckles]" " No, I'm serious here." " [Chuckles] Don't worry, scrot." "Now there are plenty of'tards out there living really kick-ass lives." "My first wife was 'tarded." "She's a pilot now." "I need for you to be serious for a second here, okay?" "I need help." "There's that fag talk we talked about." "All right, so that'll be..." "this many dollars." "And if you could just go ahead and, like, put your tattoo in that shit." "That's weird." "This thing has the same misprint as that magazine." " What are the odds of" " Where's your tattoo?" "Tattoo?" "Why don't you have this?" "Oh, God." " Where's your tattoo?" " Oh, my God." "Why come you don't have a tattoo?" " [Joe] Oh, my Godl" " You're not unscannable, are you?" "Oh, my God!" " You're unscannable." " [Alarm Wailing]" " Unscannable!" " No!" "No, you don't understand!" "You gotta let me talk to someone in the armyl Wait a second." "They're all dead." "Everybody I know's dead!" "Oh, my God!" "Oh!" " [Screaming] - [Screaming]" " No!" "Stop!" "Calm down!" " Calm down!" "Calm down!" " How'd this happen?" " How did it happen?" " [Alarm Continues]" " Your floor is now clean." "Your floor is now clean." "[Narrator] Joe had awakened to a world in crisis." "The economy was in a state of deep neglect." "A great dust bowl had ravaged food supplies." "And the number one movie in the country was called Ass." "[All Laughing]" "And that's all it was for 90 minutes." "[Movie:" "Farting]" "It won eight Oscars that year, including best screenplay." "[Electronic Voice] Enjoy your Extra Big-Ass Fries." "You didn't gimme no fries." "I got an empty box." "Would you like another Extra Big-Ass Fries?" "I said I didn't get any." "[Electronic Voice] Thank you." "Your account has been charged." "Your balance is zero." " What?" "Oh, no." "No!" " Please come back when you can afford to make a purchase." " [Beeping]" " I'm sorry you're having trouble." " Come on!" "My kids are starvin'." " I'm sorry you're having trouble." "[Buzzes]" "This should help you calm down." "Please come back when you can afford to make a purchase." "Your kids are starving." "Carl's Jr." "Believes no child should go hungry." "You are an unfit mother." "Your children will be placed in the custody of Carl's Jr." "Carl's Jr." ""Fuck you." "I'm eating."" "Welcome to Carl's Jr." "Would you like to try our Extra Big-Ass Taco... now with more molecules?" "Heyl Is this particular individual the unfit mother?" " Me?" "No." " Okay." "This particular individual is unscannable." "Listen, I can explain, okay?" "I was in an army experiment." "Wait a second." "There's the other pod from the army experiment." "There was a girl." "She was from the same experiment." " Yeah, that's enough of your bullshit, sir." " [Groaning]" "[Narrator] Joe was arrested for not paying his hospital bill... and not having his U.R.C. Tattoo." "He would soon discover that in the future, justice was not only blind... but had become rather retarded as well." "You shut up!" "Now- [Clears Throat]" "I'm fixin' to commensurate this trial here." "We gonna see if we can't come up with a verdict up in here." "Now, since y'all say you ain't got no money... we have "proprietarily" obtained for you... one of them court-appointed lawyers." "So, put your hands together and give it up for Frito Rendejo." "You're my lawyer?" "Says here you, uh, robbed a hospital?" " Why'd you do that?" " Yeah." "I'm not guilty." " That's not what the other lawyer said." " What do you mean what the" "Listen, you gotta get me on the stand, okay?" "I can explain everything." "We can take 'em to your house, show 'em the pod." "Shut upl Shut upl Shut upl" "Now, prosecutor, why you think he done it?" "Okay, number one, Your Honor, just look at him." "[All Laughing]" " He talks like a fag too." " [Laughing Continues]" "And "B," we've got all this, like, evidence... of how, like, this guy didn't even pay at the hospital." "And I heard that he doesn't even have his tattoo." " [Crowd Grumbling]" " I know!" "And I'm all, "You've gotta be shittin' me." But check this out, man." "Judge should be like, "Guilty." Peace." "[Crowd Cheering]" " Objection!" " What are you objectifyin' on?" " Come on." "Just get me on the stand." " Okay." " Um, Your Honor?" " Hmm?" "I object... that this guy also broke my apartment to shit." " Yeah." " What?" "And you know what else?" "I object that he's not gonna have any money to pay me... after he pays back all the money he stole from the hospitali" "Don't say I stole." "You're my lawyer." "And I object." "I object that he interrupted me while I was watching Ow!" "My Balls!" " [All Booing]" " That is not okay!" "And I rest my case!" "Your Honor, I'm pretty sure we have a mistrial here, sir." " I'm gonna mistrial my foot up your ass, you don't shut up." " [All Laughing]" " Please, listen." " "Please, listen."" " [All Laughing]" " I didn't steal anything." "I was part of an army experiment" "[Narrator] Joe stated his case logically and passionately... but his perceived effeminate voice only drew big gales of stupid laughter." " Guilty!" " [Crowd Cheering]" "Without adequate legal representation, Joe was given a stiff sentence." "Meanwhile, Rita had awakened to find that the world's oldest profession... was a lot easier when the world is populated by morons." "Was a lot easier when the world is populated by morons." "[Female Voice] Welcome to AOL, Time Warner, Taco Bell, U.S. Government long distance." "Please say the name of the person you wish to call." "Upgrayedd." "There are 9,726 listings for Upgrayedd." "Please deposit $2,000 to begin connection." " Man, what?" " Oh, yeah, baby." "Hey, look, can you just- can you wait a second, please?" "Oh, yeah, baby." "I can wait so good." "Really?" "Think, uh-You think maybe you could wait a day?" "Baby, I can wait two days." "Huh." "That's good, 'cause I charge by the hour." "Oh, yeah?" "Well, you gonna be glad you waited, baby." "Thank you very much, young man." "What the fuck?" "Goddamn, shit's changed in a year." "What are we doin' here?" "Okay, sir, we're engaged in procuring your tattoo." "[Electronic Voice] Welcome to the Identity Processing Program of America." "Please insert your forearm into the forearm receptacle." " Thank you." " [Mechanical Whirring]" "Please speak your name as it appears on your current federal identity card" " Document number G24L8." " I'm not sure if" "You have entered the name "Not Sure." Is this correct, Not Sure?" " No, it's not correct." " [Dings]" "Thank you. "Not" is correct." "Is "Sure" correct?" " No, it's not." "My name is Joe- - [Beeping]" "You've already confirmed your first name is Not." " Rlease confirm your last name, "Sure."" " My" " My last name is not Sure." " [Dings]" " Thank you, Not Sure." " No." "What I mean is my name is Joe." "Confirmation is complete." "Please wait while I tattoo your new identity on your arm." " Wait a second." "Can we start over?" "Can I cancel this?" " [Buzzing]" "Can we cancel this and just go back to the beginning?" "They're gonna tat- Ow." "Could I speak to your supervisor?" " Ow!" " Please hold still for your photograph." " [Whirring] - [Beeping]" "Oh, that's fuckin' great." "Okay, sir... now we will begin to proceed to obtain your I.Q. And "apitude" tests." "What for?" "Okay, sir, this is to figure out what your "aptude's" good at... and get you a jail job while you're being a particular individual in jail." "[Electronic Voice] If you have one bucket that holds two gallons... and another bucket that holds five gallons... how many buckets do you have?" "Two?" "Thank you." "Dd [Man Singing]" "Dd [Continues]" "'Too." "Dd [Continues]" "[No Audible Dialogue]" "Dd [Ends]" "[Narrator] Desperate and scared..." "Joe used his superior intelligence... to come up with the best escape plan he could think of." "Hi." "Excuse me." "I'm actually supposed to be getting out of prison today, sir." "Yeah." "You're in the wrong line, dumb ass." "Over there." "I'm sorry." "I am being a big dumb ass." "Sorry." "Hey, uh, let this dumb ass through." "[Beeping]" "[Warning Buzzer Buzzing]" "[Door Closes]" " 'Too." " Yeah." "Got it." "[Beeping]" "Uh, yeah, I don't see you in here." "So, you're gonna have to, uh, stay in prison." "Could you check again?" "'Cause, I was, you know- I was definitely in prison, okay?" "I got sat on my face and everything." "Maybe check those files back there?" " [Alarm Blaring] - [Electronic Voice] "Excape." "Excape."" ""Excape." "Excape."" ""Excape." "Excape."" "Dd [Man Singing]" "Dd [Ends]" "[Man] The Masturbation Network." "Keepin' America 'batin' for 300 years." " And now, Sweet Bang Tube." " [Squeaking On TV]" " Oh, yeah, give me some." "Cut me a piece." " [Squeaking Continues]" " Oh, yeah, that's- - [Knocking]" "Go away!" "'Batin'!" "[Knocking Continues]" "Damn it." " [Knocking]" " All right." "Hey." "Hey, get out of here." "Hey, get out of here!" "No, wait, listen." "You let me, an innocent man, get thrown in jail." "So?" "Shut up, 'cause you broke my house." "Hey, I could have you disbarred- disbarred- for what you did to me." "Then maybe you'd go to jail for not havin' any money." "Oh, really?" "Yeah, really." "Now, look." "Okay, here's the deal." "I've been thinking." "It's been 500 years." "Someone has to have invented a way to travel back in time by now." "You know, I think they were pretty close even in my day." "You know?" " With Einstein and guys like that?" " Uh-huh." " You know, scientists?" "You know?" " Uh." "A time machine, for time travel." " Do they have one?" " What?" "[Tires Squealing, Car Crashing In Distance]" "Jesus." "I knew that was too much to hope for." "No, no, they got a time machine." " They do?" " Yeah." " Are-Are-Are you sure?" " Yeah." " Can it get me back to 2005?" " Oh, yeah, but it's, like, really expensive." "And it breaks all the time 'cause some smart guy made it a long time ago." "I don't care." "Just get me there, okay?" " Well" " Please!" "Listen, I- l- I "supersize" with you... but didn't you go to jail for not havin'enough money?" "Okay, how about this?" "You get me to the time machine, and when I get back..." "I open a savings account in your name." "That way, 500 years later, it'll be worth billions." " Billionsl - 'Cause?" "'Cause of the interest, it'll be worth billions of dollars." " Oh, I" " I like money." " Yeah." " How many billions?" " Like, 10." "Yeah, suck one." "Time machine costs, like, 20." "Yeah?" "Okay." "Uh, 30, Frito." "Thirty billion dollars." "Thirty billion." "So if you gave me 30 billion... and the time machine's 20" "What's the minus of 30 and 20?" "Uh, it's, uh- it's 80, Frito." "It's $80 billion." "That's a mighty big minus, isn't it?" " Yeah." "I like money though." " [Man] Rolicel Open the doorl" " [Banging On Door]" " We're looking for an "excaped"individual." " This particular individual's name is Not Sure." " Eighty billion." "Oh, um, he- He's... somewhere else." " You got something I can wear?" " Yeah." "There's Pro-Wear on the top, assorted in the middle." "[Roliceman] A Coke machine in the vicinity caught his tattoo." "Seemed to be heading for this particular "domistile."" " [Banging]" " Okay, sir, we're comin'in." " No, you can't come in." " Can tool" " Come on!" " All right, let's go get my billions." "[Banging Continues]" "Oh, okay, one more thing." "We gotta go find this girl, Rita, first, okay?" " Is she bangin'?" " Yeah, sure, she is." "That wasn't really part of the deal." " Okay, I'll, uh, throw in another couple billion, all right?" " I like money." "Okay, her pod's up here on the right." "She shouldn't be far away, I hope." "Mmm, girl." "Oh, yeah?" "So when we gonna do it?" "'Cause you been charging' me by the hour, and it's been, like, three days." "Oh, yeah." "Soon, baby, soon." "Hey, you know what?" "Why don't you come back tomorrow?" " Yeah, yeah, baby, yeah!" " Yeah?" "When I finally utilize you, you gonna be paying me." "That's right." "Whatever you say, sir." " Hey, you still on the clock!" " Yeah, girl." " Thank you!" " Rita!" "Rita!" "It's me, Joe, from the experiment." "Get in the car!" "Come on." "Oh, yeah!" "What the hell, man?" "Just get in the car." "I'll explain everything." " Where we going?" " Just get in the car." " Trust me." " What happened to those army guys?" " [Siren Blaring]" " Wait a minute." "You got cops after you?" " Yeah." " And you made me get in the car?" "I got two strikes, asshole!" "Frito, take a right here." "Right, right!" "Into that dust storm, Frito." "[Joe] They must have just forgotten about us." "[Rita] It's been 500 years?" "Oh, hell, nol" "Upgrayedd is gonna kill me!" "He gets mad when I'm a day late with his money!" "So, you owe your boyfriend money?" "Well, yeah, he's sort of my manager too." "You know, he helps me sell the paintings and shit." "Look, Rita, you gotta understand that Upgrayedd's been dead for a long time now." " Yeah, man, but you said there was a time machine, right?" " Yeah." "Yeah, there's a time machine now that can take us back to the past... but there was no time machine back then, so" "Upgrayedd don't care where the time machine is." "Now, then, last week" "He will find a way to come get his money!" " All I'm saying is you don't have to worry about it" " You know what?" "Last time you told me not to worry was 500 goddamn years ago... when you were trying to tell me to get into some coffin." " Look, Rita, I don't know how this happened, okay?" " [Buzzing]" "But I'm doing everything I can to get us back there, okay?" "I promise you." "[Electronic Voice] You are harboring a fugitive by the name of Not Sure." "Please, pull over and wait for the police to incarcerate your passenger." " Hell, no." "You know what?" "Let me outta here." " Thank you for your help." "If you don't have one of these, they're gonna throw you in jail." "You don't want to get thrown in the jails here." "I've been in them." "They're bad." "You're better off being with us, as bad as that sounds." " What are you doing?" "Why are we slowing down?" " Turned off my battery." "Look, how far is it?" "Can we just take a cab or something?" "[Machine-gun Fire]" "Oh, shit." "[Explosion]" "Oh!" "Oh, shit!" " [Cheering]" " Yeah!" "What the hell's wrong with you?" "That's your car." "[Frito] Oh, hell, yeahl He's on firel" "Come on!" "Let's get out of here." "[Rita] Hey, how much farther is it?" "Uh, it's, like, far." "Man, I could really go for a Starbucks, you know?" "Yeah, well, I really don't think we have time for a hand job, Joe." "Dd [Singing]" "Man, he don't seem too bright." "You sure he knows where he's going?" "I sure hope so." "He's our only chance." " Dd [Continues]" " How'd you hook up with this guy, anyway?" "He's my lawyer." "And he's not a very good one either." "[Joe] He's a goddamned idiot." "There's a shuttle down in the Costco." "It'll drop us right by the time machine." "Jesus Christ." "Oh, look." "One more thing." "He thinks he's gonna get billions of dollars if he takes us there." "So if he mentions anything about a savings account, just play along, okay?" "Yeah, what if this time machine don't work?" "Then I'll spend the rest of my life trying to fix it." "Welcome to Costco." "I love you." "Welcome to Costco." "I love you." "Welcome to Costco." "I love you." " [Goats Bleating] - [Duck Quacking]" "Shuttle's down there in electronics, about an hour from here." "[Rita] We've been walking forever." "You sure you know where you're going?" "Yeah, I know this place pretty good." "I went to law school here." "In Costco?" "Yeah." "I couldn't believe it myself." "Luckily, my dad was an alumnus and pulled some strings." "Hey, come on, Joe." "I already told you... we'd all like a hand job, but we don't have time for it." "[Woman] Hey, baby, wanna go out?" "Wanna go out, honey?" "Shuttle comes every few minutes." "Shouldn't be long." " Do I got time to use the bathroom?" " [Laughing]" "[Imitates Farting, Chuckles]" " [Frito] Uh, the toilet." " Be right back." "Yeah, back that thing up." " Hey, you mind if I pound on that, Joe?" " What?" " I like having sex with chicks." " Yeah?" " Yeah." " I think everybody does, Frito." "Not like I do." "Like when you get it like this, sideways." "Then you just, like, back it up." "And then you" " That's real good." " Then you" " Oh, yeahl" "Stop!" "You're gonna get us caught, okay?" " [Alarm Blaring] - [Electronic Voice] Warningl Warningl" "Costco has detected a dangerous fugitive in aisle 16,702." "Hey!" "What about Rita?" "We can't just leave her here." "I don't care." "Come on!" " [Sirens Wailing]" " Oh, shit." "Wait a second." "What are we gonna do?" "Wait, okay, I know." "Here's what we do." "We go to the time machine, then when I get back to the past..." "I tell her not to do the experiment." " Then she won't even be here." "That'll work, right?" " Uh" " No, wait." " [Electronic Voice] Rlease stand clear of the doors." "She already is here." "That must mean I didn't go back in time, right?" " Uh" " No, wait, hold on." "It just means I haven't done it yet." "Okay, so I go back and I tell her not to do the experiment." "Then I won't have to do it either because she won't be here." " Then I won't have to come back and save her, right?" " L" " But then, wait." "Why am I still here?" " Uh" "Goddamn, how does this time travel work?" " Rlease stand clear." " [Policeman] Freeze!" "Hands up!" "Don't move!" " Put your hands up!" " Don't move!" "Freeze!" "Look, if you guys are taking me back to that jail... just go ahead and shoot me, 'cause there's no way" "Ow!" "Fuck!" "Ow!" "Ow!" " What?" " Ow!" "Ow." "Ow." "Ow." " [Roliceman] What?" " [Spraying]" " [Joe] Owl Godl Hey, stopl" " Damn it." " [Joe] What is this?" " [Roliceman] Okay, sir, this is the White House." " What are we doing at the White House?" " What?" " [Spraying]" " Owl Owl Goddamnl" "[Narrator] It turned out the results ofJoe's I.Q. Test... had caught the attention of the highest levels of government." "Okay, wait a minute." "I'm the smartest guy in the world?" "Says who?" "The I.Q. Test you took in prison." "You got the highest score in history." "Brought to you by Carl's Jr." "Yeah, dumb ass, you're even smarter than Rresident Camacho." "That's how come he's making you secretary of interior." "Okay, so who are you?" "I'm the secretary of energy." "He won a contest." "Got to be a cabinet member." "I'm the secretary of state." "Brought to you by Carl's Jr." " Why do you keep saying that?" " 'Cause they pay me every time I do." "It's a really good way to make money." "You're so smart, why don't you know that?" "[All Chuckling]" " He's the secretary of defense." " Hi." "And, uh, funbags over there is the attorney general." "[Whispers] Hi." "And that's the secretary of education." "He's kinda stupid, but he's Rresident Camacho's stepbrother." "Still, he does a pretty good job, eh?" "You know, I think there's been some kind of mistake... 'cause the test I took was real, real easy." "I'm not the smartest guy in the world." "Okay?" "Okay, even if that were true, I can't be the secretary of the interior." " I don't even know what it is." " [Secretary of State] You better find out." " Sit down." "It's President Camacho." " Hey, hey, hey, yo..." "I gotta take care of some "bidness,"baby, so I need y'all to wait outside." "[Narrator] Dwayne Elizondo Camacho, five-time Ultimate Smackdown Champion... porn superstar, and president of the United States... had called a special summit with the smartest man in the world." " So you smart, huh?" " No, no." " I thought your head would be bigger." " [Muttering]" "Goddamn." " It look like a peanut." " [All Laughing]" "Let's get you sworn in." "Dd [Rock Instrumental]" "[Announcer] Ladies and gentlemen, the president of Americal" "[Crowd Cheering]" "[Announcer] Rresident Camachol" "[Laughing] Shut up." " Shut up." "Sit your monkey ass down." " dd [Ends]" "Chill out." "Shit." "I know shit's bad right now with all that starving'bullshit." "And the dust storms." "And we runnin' out of French fries and burrito coverings." "And the dust storms." "And we runnin' out of French fries and burrito coverings." "[Man] Yeah!" " But I got a solution." " That's what you said last time, dipshit!" "I got a solution." "You're a dickl" " South Carolina, "whassup?" - [All Cheering]" "That's what I thought!" "Now, I understand everyone's shit's emotional right now... but listen up." "I got a three-point plan to fix everything." "[Man] Break it down, Camachol" "Number one, we got this guy, Not Sure." " Number two, he's got a higher I.Q. Than any man alive." " [Cheering]" " And number three, he's gonna fix everything." " [Applause]" "I give you my word as president." "He'll fix the problems with all the dead crops." "He's gonna make 'em grow again." " Crops?" " And that ain't all." "I give you my word." "Dd [Electric Guitar]" "He's gonna fix the dust storms too." "I give you my word." "He's gonna fix the "ecomony."" "Dd [Electric Guitar Continues]" "And he's so smart..." " he's gonna do it all in one week." " [Crowd Cheering]" "[Narrator] Rresident Camacho stood before the world and promised everyone... thatJoe would solve all their problems." "He would not only end the dust bowl and heal the economy... but he would cure acne and carsickness as well." "And ifhe didn't..." "Rresident Camacho made another promise." "He would kick Joe's smart balls all the way up to the roof ofhis smart mouth." " And then, he would throw his brainy ass back in jail." " [Shouting]" "I should, uh, be honest with you, Mr. President." "I don't know how to be secretary of anything." "I mean, I've never even voted, actually." "I don't know what the secretary of the interior even is." "Come on, scrot." "Don't be a pussy." "It beats jail, don't it?" "Besides, you do a kick-ass job... you get a full presidential pardon." " No jail time. [Laughing]" " Yeah?" "Fuck, yeah!" "Now gimme a beer." "And get you one too." "[Laughing]" "Shit!" "[Laughing]" "Hold on, vatol" " Whool - [Engine Revving]" "[Laughing]" " Do somethin' smart." " Yeah." "Uh, okay." "Uh" " I'll, uh- - [Door Opens]" " Hey, we found that lawyer you wanted." " Oh, okay." "Great, thanks." "Uh, right now, I'm going to, uh, you know, confer with my counsel." "You understand?" "So I'll be right back." "Gotta go, uh, work on some crop stuff, get that taken care of." " Hopefully get it worked out by the time we get back here." " Sounds pretty smart." "Wait here, okay?" "Wait there." "Dude, this is trepidatious." "You got me a room at the White House." "Everyone gets laid at the White House." "Everyone." " Yeah?" " Yeah." "I'm real glad you're happy to be here, Frito, but I brought you here to help me." "I don't know the first thing about growing'crops... much less the goddamn "ecomony."" "Econ-Economy." "Let's see." "Growin' crops" "No, I just need you to tell me how to get to the time machine." "Oh, that's easy." "You go down by the museum and stuff." "It's, like- It's, like, by the museum... sort of, but, well, actually, not really." "More like" " But on the street." "You go, um- Wait." "Let me start over." "Okay, you know where the time machine is?" "Hey." "Just draw me a map, okay?" "You still want the money?" "Oh." "If I had some money and a room at the White House..." " I would be like, "It's mine, all night!"" " Listen." "Cut it out!" "Listen, I told these people that you were smart, okay?" " So act smart!" " Smart like you?" "[With Effeminate Voice] "Oh, I gotta go to the time machine." "I wanna go home. "" " I don't talk like that." " "I don't talk like that."" "Shit, I thought there was two of you." "[Laughs] See?" "[Secretary of Defense] Doesn't look that big, is it?" "Okay." "Let's go take a look at those crops." "Especially the ones, uh, you know, out around the museum area." "All right?" "Hey, come on!" "Now, you either lead, follow, or get out of the way." "All right?" "Whoa." "Did you just make that up?" "Yes, I did." "Now look..." "I also need help finding this girl named Rita, like, immediately..." " and Frito will give you a hand with it." " Why?" "Well, because, uh, you know, she'd be an essential... integral... asset... you know, for our team, for us to, you know, utilize." "[All Laughing]" "Utilize her!" "Utilize her!" "[Secretary of State] Utilizel" " [Laughing]" " Hey, uh, but you're gonna bring her here, right?" "Oh, yeah." "Butt first!" "[All Laughing]" " [Secretary of Defense] Utilize herl" " Okay." "Dang!" "May I approach your benches?" "Uh, yeah." "This sucks pretty bad." "Frito, why don't you come over here and, uh, take a look at this?" "Come on." "Hustle over here, buddy." "I wanna figure this out." "See, uh, just not a lot of moisture." "Have you got the map?" " Oh, yeah." " Discreetly." " It's right there." " I see it." "I see it." "Stand up with me." "Yo, Mr. Secretary Not Sure." "They found that whore you wanted." "Hey, that may be how you refer to women in the future, but come on." "No, sir." "Turns out she charged some guy a lotta money and didn't put out." "Don't worry though." "We'll get her out... on a work-release whorin' license as long as you're doin' her." "Get your hands off me." "What do you think I'm gonna do, run through the field?" "What the fuck are you all staring' at?" " Joe?" " That's Not Sure, ma'am." " Secretary Not Sure." " Secretary?" "Secretary of what?" "Say, would you guys mind if we had a little moment together?" "Alone?" "You know, in the bushes?" "Oh, man." "[All Laughing]" " Fuck her, Joe!" " Hey, you want us to come along, make sure she puts out?" "No, thanks." "I can handle it." "Yeah." "I thought you was in jail." "How'd you get to be the secretary of interior?" "Just keep walking." "I'll explain everything." "Okay." "Get ready to run." " What?" " Oh, goddamn it." "Way to go, Frito." "You know what?" "Just make a run for it anyways." "We'll ask for directions on the way." "No way." "I spent the last two days looking for it." "It ain't easy to find." "Damn it." "I can't go back to jail, and I sure can't solve these problems." "All's I know is I better find Upgrayedd before he finds me." "Listen to me." "Upgrayedd cannot find you, okay?" "It's impossible!" " Oh, yeah?" " Yeah!" "And even if Upgrayedd... could somehow magically travel through time... we got secret service guys with huge guns protecting us, okay?" "So don't worry." "You're safe." "And you know what?" "It's none of my business, but when we get back... you and Upgrayedd should seriously think about couples counseling, okay?" "And you should also think about maybe finding an art manager who's not also your boyfriend." "Heyl She's not puttin'out?" "Uh, no, she is." "We, uh-We already did it." "Yeah." "He was great." "Okay." "Hey, a couple of us guys were wonderin', uh... if we'd go family-style on her." "Uh, yeah, probably not right now." "We should focus on the crops." "So let's get back to work." "Maybe later." "What the hell is this?" " Tastes like Gatorade." " [Rita] Is that that Brawndo stuff?" "[Joe] They're watering crops with a sports drink?" "[Narrator] Brawndo the Thirst Mutilator had come to replace water... virtually everywhere." "Water, the basic component of all life... had been deemed a threat to Brawndo's profit margin." "The solution came during the budget crisis of 2330... when the Brawndo Corporation simply bought the F.D. A... and the F.C. C... enabling them to say, do and sell... anything they wanted." "Joe didn't know any of this... but he did see a problem that he might actually be able to solve." " [Indistinct]" " With his options running out, Joe took a bold step." "He would not get out of the way." "This time, he would lead." "For the last time, I'm pretty sure... what's killing the crops is this Brawndo stuff." "But Brawndo's got what plants crave." "It's got electrolytes." "So wait a minute." "What you're saying... is that you want us to put water on the crops." " Yes." " Water." "Like out the toilet?" "Well, I mean, it doesn't have to be out of the toilet, but, yeah, that's the idea." " But Brawndo's got what plants crave." " It's got electrolytes." "Okay, look." "The plants aren't growing, so I'm pretty sure that the Brawndo's not working." "Now, I'm no botanist, but I do know that if you put water on plants, they grow." "Well, I've never seen no plants grow out of no toilet." "Hey, that's good." "You sure you ain't the smartest guy in the world?" " [Chuckling]" " You wanna solve this problem." "I wanna get my pardon." "So why don't we just try it, okay, and not worry about what plants crave?" "Brawndo's got what plants crave." " Goddamn it." " Yeah, it's got electrolytes." "What are electrolytes?" "Do you even know?" "It's what they use to make Brawndo." "Yeah, but why do they use them to make Brawndo?" "'Cause Brawndo's got electrolytes." "[Narrator] After several hours, Joe finally gave up on logic and reason... and simply told the cabinet that he could talk to plants... and that they wanted water." "He made believers out of everyone." "Joe didn't know it, but the beloved electrolytes... were salts that had been building up in the topsoil over the decades... killing plants and leading to the dust bowl." "As secretary of the interior, Joe ordered all crops to be switched to water... promising that, over time, plants would grow and the dust bowl would end." "He was on the fast track to a full presidential pardon." " Or so it seemed." " [All Shouting]" "Man, I hope somethin' grows fast." "Yeah." "So we can haul our ass back home." "Man." "You really think those people would have starved to death?" "I don't know." "I mean, how did the world ever get like this?" "You know things are bad when they're comin' to me for answers." " It's a weird feeling being smarter than everyone." " Mm-hmm." " I'm not used to it." " Yeah." "Me neither." "You think Einstein walked around thinkin' everyone was a bunch of dumb shits?" "Yeah." "Hadn't thought of that." " Now you know why he built that bomb." " Yeah." "Hey, Joe, listen." "Those cops" " Oh, hey." "I'm sorry about that." " No." "No." "They said that you got me a pardon." "You know, if you hadn't done that, I'd still be in jail right now, so..." "I guess I owe you one." "You know, you don't have to sleep on the floor if you don't want to." "Oh." "No." "I'm- I'm all right." "Yeah." "Besides, you know, I don't think Upgrayedd would be too happy about that." "You in bed with a stranger." " [Snickers]" " Yeah." "[Laughing]" "I know." "I know." "[Laughing Continues]" "[Joe] Yeah." "Oh, boy." "Oh, shit." "It's Upgrayedd." "[Joe] Oh, shit." "It's not Upgrayedd." "[Narrator] Given enough time, Joe's plan might have worked." "But when the Brawndo stock suddenly dropped to zero... leaving half the population unemployed... dumb, angry mobs took to the streets, rioting and looting... and screaming forJoe's head." "An emergency cabinet meeting was called... with the C.E.O. Of the Brawndo Corporation." "How come nobody's buying Brawndo the Thirst Mutilator?" "Aw, shit." "Half the country works for Brawndo." "Not anymorel The stock has dropped to zero... and the computer did that auto-layoff thing to everybody." " We're all unemployed!" " You think that makes the "ecomony" suck?" " Why is this happening?" " I think it's because we switched to water, but" " You mean this is all your fault?" " What?" "Yeah, this is your fault." "This shit started happening when we switched to water!" "Brought to you by Carl's Jr." "Brought to you by Carl's Jr." "Brought to you by Carl's Jr." "[Announcer] Fox News." "He tried taking water from toilets... but it's Secretary Not Sure who finds himself in the toilet now." "And as history pulls down its pants... and prepares to lower its ass on Not Sure's head... it will be DaddyJustice who will be crapping on him this time." "We now go live to Violence Channel correspondent Formica Davis... at the Extreme Court with highlights on today's trial." "Thank you, Velveeta." "Well, it started off boring and slow... with Not Sure trying to bullshit everyone with a bunch of smart talk." "[With Effeminate Voice] Blah, blah, blah." "You gotta believe mel" "[Normal Voice] That part of the trial sucked." "But then, the chief"J" just went off." "He said, "Man, whatever." "The guy's guilty as shit." "We all know that. "" "And he sentenced his ass to one night of Rehabilitation." "Hey, rehabilitation?" "One night?" "Doesn't sound so bad." "Not so bad, huh?" "Here's some highlights from last week's Rehabilitation." "[Crowd Cheering]" "[Engine Revving]" "[Formica] And who could forget that wonderful finish... by Rehab Officer Tylenol Jones?" "[Chuckling] And tomorrow night looks even more better." "Word is that Beef Supreme himself might come out of retirement." "Wow." "Thank you, Formica." "So you think you can escape again like you did last time?" " No." "They pretty much fixed that." " How?" "They chained me to a big rock." " [Rita] Oh." " Yeah." "Look, Rita, get Frito." "Get him to take you back to the time machine without me." "Don't wait." "No." "You could have split on me before, but you didn't." "Look, you wanna pay me back?" "Just go back, okay?" "Tell people to read books." "Tell people to stay in school, you know." "Tell people to just use their brains or something." "I think maybe the world got like this because of people like me." "I never did anything with my life." "At least you were an artist, you know?" " So just go back and- - [Guard] Visit's overl" "And Rita, whatever you do, keep painting, okay?" "Good luck, Joe." "[Groans]" "[Announcer] Okay, that's five down and one more to go." "Are you ready for a monster-truck duel to the death?" "Yeahl Let's give it up for the Guitar Army." "Dd [Rock]" "[Announcer] Okay, we're gonna do this shit." "But first, to lead us in our Natural Anthem... the star of Ow!" "My Balls!" "Hormel Chavezl" "Thank you." "Thank you." " [Man] Heyl Come herel - dd [Singing Patriotic Song]" " Come here!" " Dd [Continues]" " [Groans] - [Announcer] Right in the ballsi" " [All Laughing]" " That's just how that shit went on TV!" "[Announcer] This execution is brought to you by Brawndo the Thirst Mutilator." " After you've killed someone..." " [Knocking]" " your body needs electrolytes." " Yeah." "So, my car's out front... whenever you want me to take you... to the time machine." "Thanks, Frito." " Yeah." " [Announcer] I can't hear youl" "That's a real bummer aboutJoe, huh?" " [Announcer] I can't hear youl" " Yeah." "Ohl Can you turn this up?" "I love Rehabilitation." "[Announcer] Okay." "Let's meet our rehabilitation officers for tonight." "With a combined record of 62 kills... please welcome Vinny Mawumba in the Dildozerl" "And his brother Bobby Mawumba in the Ass Blasterl" "I get a truck too, right?" "Yeah." "Here it comes." "[Engine Sputtering]" "[Guards Chuckling]" "Get in." "You still got the chain attached." " [Guard] Door won't shut." " What about the chain?" " We could break it." " No." "He could escape." " I got an idea." "Let's put it in the trunk." " Yeah." "That'll work." " [Guard] Who's smart now?" " [Announcer] Let's bring out our criminal." "He tried to ruin the country by pouring toilet water on crops." "He cost millions of people their jobs." "Let's get ready to rehabilitate Not Surel" "[All Laughing]" "Never would have guessed this is how I was gonna die." "[Announcer] Are you ready for some car-on-car action?" "Yes." " I can't watch this." " This is" "This is gonna be so sad." "I hope I don't cry." "Holy shit!" "Frito, come here!" "Look!" "He was right." "The water- it worked." "Frito, can you get me over there?" "Yes." "No, you fuckin' moron." "To the Rehabilitation place." " Uh, this way." " Yeah!" "Come on, Frito." "Hurry!" "[Announcer] And now the dude that everybody came here to see..." " Yeah!" " the only undefeated officer ever in history... coming out of retirement just to pound Not Sure's ass... driving the biggest, hugest correctional vehicle ever built in history- bigger than the Dildozer, bigger than the Ass Blaster... bigger and huger than everything ever before in history" "the brand-new Assdozerl" " Give it up for Beef Supremel - dd [Rock]" "Oh!" "Oh!" "[Announcer] Oh, shit." "I think it was too big, huh?" "We seem to be "experimenting"... some "techmological" differences... so, uh, shit." "Frito, look!" " It's working everywhere!" " Huh." "[Announcer] Well, shit." "That's a big pile of rocks." " Kinda reminds me of this one time that I was" " Man." " Hey!" " Oh, oh, okay." " Get this shit started!" " We're gonna start without Beef Supreme." "Let the rehabilitation beginl" " [Engine Stalls]" " Oh, shit." " Come on." "Come on." " [Engine Cranking]" "[Rita] Come on, Frito." "Hurryl" " Oh!" " [Engine Starts]" "Goddamn it." " Yeah!" " Jesus, that was close." "Mr. President!" "Mr. President, I need to talk to you." "You gotta stop this thing." "He was right about the water." "We passed some crops on the way here." "They're growing." "I didn't see no crops." "[Announcer] They're circling around." "They're gonna do the Malachi Crunch on himl" " This is an illegal move, okay?" "So don't tell nobody." " Oh!" "[Announcer] So, uh-So the winner is, uh [Announcer] You gotta be shittin'me." " Did he win?" "Uh-oh." "Look." "[Announcer] Holy shitl It's Beef Supremel dd [Rock]" "[Announcer] Beef Supremel Yeahl Yeahl" "Hey, Frito." "Frito, you remember those crops we saw off the road..." " right by the Starbucks?" " Uh-huh." " Hey." "Wanna make some money?" " I like money." "Hey, um, the, uh- the main screen is malfunctioning... and they gonna need you outside immediately." "There's a bunch of whores in the hallway." "Come on, Frito." "Hurry." "Can't believe you like money too." " We should hang out." " Totally." "[Announcer] He's behind the truckl" " Yes!" "Yes!" " [Mouthing Words]" " He's behind the fucking truck!" " He's over there!" "[Announcer] Behind the truck, stupidl" "Look!" "Shit." "That's a good deal." " [Frito] Extra foam." " I got a bunch of money too." " Forgot what it was for." " Huh." " You think it was for lattes?" " Yeah." "Probably." " [Frito] You like money and sex?" "You're trippin'me out." " What the fuck?" " Yeah!" " Yeah!" " Just hold on, okay?" "Everyone just take it easy, okay?" " [Crowd Booing]" "Can I just say something here?" "I don't even know what I'm guilty of here." "I never said that I was the smartest person on earth." "You people did." "I didn't know that you'd lose your jobs and all your money... and I'm very sorry that that happened." "But I'm tellin'you... if you put water on the crops, it might actually" "No, it will work." "I promise you!" "You just have to believe me." "I just wanted to help you." "That's all." "So you can try and shoot me." "You can try and run me over, whatever." "But I just want you to ask yourselves one question first." "Do you really want to live in a world... where you try to blow up the one person that's tryin' to help you?" "[All Laughing]" "Hold on." "Just hold on." "[Indistinct]" "Oh, man." "That was great." "Hey, was I wearing pants when we went in there?" "Shit." "What do I look like, a pants goblin?" "Wait." "This reminds me of something." "Uh, "Rehabil-Rehabilate" " Rehabilation."" " Why do you keep trying to read that word?" " You a fag?" " I'll fag your face!" " Come on, Frito." " Yeah." "I don't think so." "Oh, yeah." "This guy just got his ass a pardon!" "[All Cheering]" "[Laughing] Yeah!" "Dd [Rock]" "Man, Rita." "I mean, I don't know what to say." "You saved my life." "No one's ever done anything like that for me." "Yeah, well... you were looking out for the whole world so, you know..." " I thought someone should look out for you too." " Thanks." "I can't believe I'm even saying this, but... even though these people tried to kill me..." " you know, I think I'm actually gonna kinda miss 'em." " Yeah." "Frito- he's gonna give us a ride back to the time machine." "I just, uh- I hope he's okay to drive." "It's you." "Oh, man, I really love your show." "Thank you so much." " Uh, Joe, I'm not going." " What?" "I had some pretty bad habits back there that I don't want to fall into again." "Maybe it's time I got a new start." "Besides, they offered me a pretty good job at Starbucks here." " I'm gonna be a C.E.O." " At Starbucks?" " Yeah." " Yeah?" "You're still gonna paint though, right?" "Yeah." "Sure." "I guess this is good-bye then." "[Camacho] Hey, hey, hey, heyl" "I got a couple presidential decrees to make!" "I got a couple presidential decrees to make!" "Not Sure, get your ass up here, wherever you is." "[Crowd Cheering]" "Let me get that little peanut head up here." "Yo." "Yo." "[Laughs]" "I have decided... to make this man- the man who solved all our problems" "I have decided to make him... my new vice president." "[All Cheering]" "Mr. President, thanks." "That's real cool of you, sir..." " but I can't accept it, sir." " What?" "Why?" " You know, I gotta get home." " But we still got all these problems." "Look, you know, you're just gonna have to solve 'em yourselves." " How?" " Think about it, you know?" "You're just gonna have to figure it out like we did with the crops." "But how are we gonna figure out about the garbage "ambulanches"and the "comony"?" "And what about the nuc- "nucular"reactor in Florida?" "It's broke and leaky and something's happening." " I thought it was in Georgia." " Georgia's in Florida, dumb ass." "Hey." "Hey, I know." "Let's put toilet water on it." "Huh?" " Yeah!" " Good, good." "That's a good idea." " [Minister of Defense] Like we did on the crops." " Come on, vato." "Hey, you can't leave." "Whatever happened to all that "lead, follow, or get outta the way" shit, huh?" "I guess I just can't get outta the way anymore, can I?" "You know what?" " Forget about the time machine." " Yeah!" "[All Cheering]" "That ride sucks anyways." "Ride?" "[Male Voice] Welcome to the Time Masheen." "We are going to take you back, first to the year 1939... when Charlie Chaplin and his evil Nazi regime... enslaved Europe and tried to take over the world." "So you knew this thing was just a ride the whole time?" "Yeah." "You thought you could really travel through time, huh?" " Yeah, I guess I did." " Yeah." "For the smartest guy in the world, you're pretty dumb sometimes." " So why didn't you tell us?" " 'Cause I like money." "I'm sorry." "But if it's not a real time machine, there wouldn't have been any money." "You know, 'cause I can't go back in time and open a savings account." "Uh, uh, uh" "Yeah." "Don't worry about it." "It's okay." "Well, I guess we're stuck here." "[Male Voice] But then an even greater force emerged- the "UN."" "And the "UN" un-nazied the world forever." "And the "UN" un-nazied the world forever." "[Narrator] And so, after serving a short term as vice president..." "Joe was elected the president of America." "Frito became vice president... and Rita, the former prostitute, became first lady." "Today I step into the shoes of a great man... a man by the name of Dwayne Elizondo..." "Mountain Dew Herbert Camacho." "[Narrator] Under Rresident Not Sure's leadership, a new era dawned." "You know, there was a time in this country... when smart people were considered cool." "Well, maybe not cool, but smart people did things... like build ships and pyramids, and they even went to the moon." "[Man] Yeah!" "And there was a time in this country, a long time ago... when reading wasn't just for fags... and neither was writing." "Reople wrote books and movies, movies that had stories... so you cared whose ass it was and why it was farting." "And I believe that time can come again!" "[All Cheering]" "[All Chanting] Not Sure, Not Sure, Not Sure!" "[Narrator] Joe and Rita had three children... the three smartest kids in the world." "Vice Rresident Frito took eight wives... and had a total of 32 kids- thirty-two of the dumbest kids ever to walk the earth." "Okay, so maybeJoe didn't save mankind... but he got the ball rolling... and that's pretty good for an average guy." "I'm gonna go find this ho."
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Q:
Getting all the strings that start with "_" and end in 10 random characters JavaScript
I have this array:
Array = ["rubbish3","_B07TLNWCSV","_A674598385","_U8965H456NV","crapcrap","crapcrap23]
I want all the values that start with "_" and are followed by 10 random characters.
So the return in this instance would be
Array = ["_B07TLNWCSV","_A674598385","_U8965H456NV"]
How would I do this in Javascript?
UPDATE
Say If I want to get all the elements on a webpage that follow the same rule,
On a webpage the element is like so:
<tr id="_B07TLNWCSV">data</tr>
how would I get all table row elements that follow the rule "_(10 RANDOM CHARS)"
I understand that querySelectorAll which get all the elements that follow the rule but I can't get it working.
A:
Use Array.filter(), filtering words that start with _ and have a 11 chars length ( _ + 10 chars )
const array = ["rubbish3","_B07TLNWCSV","_A674598385","_U8965H456NV","crapcrap","crapcrap23"];
const result = array.filter(word => word.startsWith('_') && word.length === 11);
console.log(result);
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TopNews
Phillips 66
Phillips 66 Lubricants recently announced that Ann Oglesby, a 25-year veteran of the oil and natural gas industry who most recently served as Phillips 66’s vice president, Communications and Public Affairs, has been named the new general manager of Phillips 66 Lubricants.
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The majority of the Deadspin comment section about the sack on Ben Roethlisberger to take him temporarily out of the game and ultimately result in a separated shoulder disagrees with the statement made in the post that “It was a dirty cheap shot” I agreed with the commenters that it wasn’t. In a game with so many dirty plays throughout the game, in my opinion at first, the one to take Big Ben out was a good, legal sack. This GIF shows Burfict targeting Roethlisbergers shoulder, but it wasn’t the actual tackle that was dirty... it was on the ground afterwards. Watch for yourself.
This GIF changed my opinion immediately. Although it is quite grainy, and it’s hard to tell what is going on at first, it’s obvious Burfict’s knee was purposely launched into Roethlisberger’s throwing arm. What are your thoughts? Roethlisberger did land hard on his shoulder but it is nothing we haven’t seen before in a sack. Was that Burfict’s plan? Did he realize the shoulder took a hit and wanted to add insult to injury? Burfict did not talk to the media but he would not answer questions like that anyway.
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<xmp>
<div class="single6"></div>
</xmp>
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The late former Speaker of the House Tip O'Neill famously coined the phrase "All politics is local," meaning that a politician's success is directly tied to his or her ability to understand and influence the issues of his constituents and is not necessarily tied to concerns about a president of the same party. That most people who vote, or debate issues, are focused on resolving their local issues. Now that may not be as applicable in the age of hyperpartisanship we find ourselves in today, but the principle does still hold some weight. Exhibit A: The race between U.S. Senator Mark Pryor and challenger Republican congressman Tom Cotton. In another era, conservaDem Pryor - son of former U.S. Senator David Pryor and friend of the Clintons - would qualify as a moderate Republican (and still would, if any moderates were left in the GOP).
To be sure, just being a Democrat in a state where President Obama is very unpopular has certainly hurt Pryor's re-election chances (As recently as two weeks ago, Nate Silver even predicted a 75% chance that Pryor would lose his re-election bid). But there are many things not considered here. First, after the Arkansas Republican erroneously assumed that Hillary Clinton would be the Democratic nominee in 2008, Pryor ran without Republican opposition. Second, much to the chagrin of the GOP faithful in Arkansas, the Clintons are still immensely popular there ....and it is important to note that if Hillary WERE the nominee back then - and though the state was already trending red in 2008 - Arkansas would have likely landed on the blue side of purple. Third, given the fact of my second point and the likelihood that Hillary will likely be the next Democratic nominee, having Pryor in the Senate as a possible ally with a possible Hillary Clinton White House may likely sway those moderates who may otherwise break Republican in the age of Obama. And finally (and this is the most important point), Cotton may be too far into the wackadoodle right to win a statewide election in Arkansas.
Now some of my friends on both the right and left may say "Well, Scott, have you forgotten what happened with Blanche Lincoln in 2010?" {sigh!!} Well, no, my friends, I haven't. How could I? I supported Bill Halter in the Democratic primary and I wound up voting for Lincoln's Green Party opponent that year (just as I had voted for Pryor's Green opponent two years earlier). But 2010 was the year of the Tea Party wave. John Boozman, Lincoln's Republican opponent in 2010 and eventual winner of that race, seemed innocuous enough at the time and Lincoln was clearly going to be a casulty that year. Cotton, who is noticably more vocal and angry, not so much (He may be able to win in Arkansas' 4th District, but for a staewide election? That remains to be seen.).
Having said all that: If I were still living in the great state of Arkansas, I would hold my nose and vote for Pryor, because the thought of a loose cannon like Cotton represnting Arkansas in the U.S. Senate scares the hell out of me. I suspect many of my fellow Democrats and moderates in Arkansas feel much the same way. I would write Pryor off just yet. It ain't over 'til the fat lady sings, and she ain't sung yet.... All politics is local, indeed....
This is only happening due to Gov. Beebe surviving the Tea Party wave of 2010. Otherwise, we'd be letting the federal government set up and implement the exchanges like every other red state (the irony is beyond words)...
On his blog, Pulaski County Circuit Judge Wendell Griffen defends granting the drug supplier McKesson's request to issue a temporary restraining order against the Arkansas Department of Correction from using a drug supplied by McKesson in executions. Shortly after granting the temporary restraining order on Friday, Griffen joined an anti-death penalty protest outside the Governor's Mansion.
Save Our Schools is pressing Education Commissioner Johnny Key to meet about his decision to close Little Rock schools without considering community impact. The broad group makes it pitch while Key is asking for $600 million in new tax authorization from Little Rock voters, who have been without an elected school board for two years.
Arkansas Public Service Commission Chair Ted Thomas is getting attention for calling out Trump administration climate policy. He even acknowledges the role of carbon burning and humans in climate change.
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