[{"id": "test_2609", "sentence1": "In this experiment, we changed the number of users and permissions, and initial roles used in data set genera\u00adtion.", "sentence2": "none of the proposed methods in the literature allows the administrator to generate a cus\u00adtomized RBAC state based on a customized metric.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_625", "sentence1": "These algorithms again have interesting properties in zero-sum games.", "sentence2": "in two-by-two zero-sum games, both steps (1) and (3) trivially extend for other variants of FTRL.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_383", "sentence1": "This seems to suggest a degree of anti-stereotypical associations, but none of the tests which have negative effect sizes are significant Table 5: Intersectional embedding association tests and effect sizes, for word encodings (word), sentence encoding (sent) and contextual word representation (c-word).", "sentence2": "there are only 2 significant positive associations for test +I4, but there are 9 such associations for test +I3 across all models.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_415", "sentence1": "We have shown that efficient coding models nonlinearly scale their resource allocation in sensory bottlenecks under nonuniform input densities.", "sentence2": "the limited number of outputs neurons is not simply allocated proportional to receptor density.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1464", "sentence1": "unlike global clustering coefficient, local clustering coefficient measures how a single node is connected with its neighbor nodes (either well connected or loosely connected).", "sentence2": "local clustering coefficient calculation is based on the fraction of the number of present links over the total number of possible links between the node s neighbors as shown in Equation (4).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2332", "sentence1": "In the former, improving the slacks of a subset of paths does not guarantee an improvement on total negative slack (TNS) or worst negative slack (WNS).", "sentence2": "improving the slack on one failing path can cause several originally-passing paths to now fail.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1003", "sentence1": "We believe that for even more constrained devices, there is no way around specialized, simplified, and highly optimized implementations.", "sentence2": "note that our goal is not to engineer the most memory-efficient network stack but to design a clean, structured, and universal network stack that can be reused for many different IoT use cases, while still being able to cope with constrained environments.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3865", "sentence1": "We used insights obtained from our first analysis to se\u00adlect the next incidents for analysis.", "sentence2": "after the first incident analysis we became cognisant of the different modalities in which data assets are prevalent in organisa\u00adtions, namely (see Fig.  6(a)): data at rest (i.e., \u2018inactive\u2019 data stored in databases, file servers, archives, etc. that is not accessed or changed frequently), data in use (i.e., \u2018active\u2019 data processed by applications and held in computer memory, CPU caches/registers, or operational tables in databases) and data in motion (i.e., data in transit in the form of packets transported by communication protocols and data traversing the network, temporarily residing in memory buffers to be forwarded).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2592", "sentence1": "First, we propose an access control model that prevents inference of sensitive information caused by the semantic relations between data.", "sentence2": "the access control model is based on a semantic approach which leverages knowledge about the application domain for access decision making.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2551", "sentence1": "If such sensitive information is leaked out of the browser without protection, it can be used by unauthorized parties to illegally access users' online accounts, steal their online identities, or track their online behaviors.", "sentence2": "because the execution traces only contain the call relations and do not contain any information from users, they can also be shared (e.g., in a repository along with the extensions)among the analysts to further cover more execution paths of the extension.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2352", "sentence1": "Meanwhile, the LEA will encrypt all candidate jmp destinations and triggers jmp decryption while executing jmp instructions, but some instructions at candidate destination addresses of jmp may also be executed sequentially (e.g. do-while or if-statement alone) without being the des\u00adtination of the jmp.", "sentence2": "recent research aim at balancing the tradeoff between security and such overheads [8-12] by revising the software or modifying processor\u2019s instruction set architecture (ISA).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3818", "sentence1": "The data management module organizes necessary geospatial data for trigger modeling.", "sentence2": "each project corresponds to a project configuration file, where the information about the raster data such as topographic and fuel model data is stored.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1819", "sentence1": "Such a position error is called \"stop-in-middle\" error in this work.", "sentence2": "the domain is not aligned properly to the access port.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3063", "sentence1": "In a simplified view, a license check can be seen as a predicate p, which either evaluates to true or false.", "sentence2": "the output of the SMT solver that satisfy the constraints leading to the true branch of the license check represent a concrete license key value for the attacker.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_635", "sentence1": "We borrow an idea from [BFKV96] that in some sense allows us to \"reduce\" the general case to the large margin case.", "sentence2": "[BFKV96] (see also [DV04a]) developed a pre-processing routine that slightly modifies the distribution on the unlabeled points and guarantees the following weak margin property: After preprocessing, there exists an explicit margin parameter \u00cf\u0192 = \u00e2\u201e\u00a6(1/poly(d, b)), such that any hyperplane through the origin has at least a non-trivial mass of the distribution at distance at least \u00cf\u0192 from it.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3712", "sentence1": "They focus on visualizing coverage information, and dependencies between tests to help test engineers understanding relations between test cases.", "sentence2": "they do not focus on clone relationships between tests.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2259", "sentence1": "Clustering leads to the locationdependency of TSV defect probabilities [14].", "sentence2": "the defect probability of each TSV is related to its location.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1147", "sentence1": "\u00b5ACK in [58] can also harvest such a throughput gain with the help of extra hardware (additional antennas working on another frequency band).", "sentence2": "in Figure 17, we further evaluate two approaches in three typical 802.11 WLANs environments: a open-space academic hall, a large library, and an indoor of.ce, where the frequency selective fading levels increase.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2380", "sentence1": "This business model has the particularity to offer unlimited capacity to final users.", "sentence2": "we highlight different categories of Cloud based on deployment models or service models (see Figure 1).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_123", "sentence1": "Notably, our proposed approach here is able to learn provably stable systems without solving this (generally hard) problem.", "sentence2": "while it is difficult to find a Lyapunov function that certifies the stability of some known system, we exploit the fact that it is relatively much easier to enforce some function to behave in a stable manner according to a Lyapunov function.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3741", "sentence1": "We have described the experience made at SEAC, where we introduced a new, agile development process, targeting several issues of an ongoing re-engineering project.", "sentence2": "we focused on the derivation of the implementation and of the test cases from the normative requirements, so as to ensure alignment between the testing goals and the expected system behaviours expressed in the requirements documents.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1854", "sentence1": "Data dominates metadata in our applications which usually map large files to memory.", "sentence2": "having separate translations inside the SSD for metadata of the file system does not add significant overhead.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3962", "sentence1": "The overall goal of the workshop was to create a shared understanding of UX, provoke discussion and encourage rethinking and reflection, engage the employees to the design cultural change, co-create guidelines for empowerment, and ideate possible ways to implement them into the design process.", "sentence2": "a participatory workshop was conducted in order to prepare the employees to accept this still quite unfamiliar and sometimes confusing methodology of UX that was only slightly familiar to them.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2461", "sentence1": "Larger keys, however, will not solve all the problems because as more devices can handle sufficiently large keys, and more employees migrate their work to mobile devices such as smart phones, the total number of keys that an organization has to manage may continue to increase.", "sentence2": "even though more devices will be able to use longer key lengths, the total number of keys may also become unmanageable for businesses as each employee's device is given its own unique key.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_346", "sentence1": "In Section 2, we derive the ADDIS algorithm and state its guarantees (FDR and mFDR control), deferring proofs to the supplement.", "sentence2": "in Section 2.4, we discuss how to choose the hyperparameters in ADDIS to balance adaptivity and discarding for optimal power.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3190", "sentence1": "These works report a very low EER (Equal Error Rate) in the range of 1%-5%.", "sentence2": "all these works fail to test the security of touch gestures in the presence of sophisticated attacks such as shoulder surfing or video based observation attacks.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_865", "sentence1": "Since drones and smart objects are battery\u00adpowered, energy efficiency as well as security is a critical issue.", "sentence2": "protocol executions should be completed as soon as possible to save energy.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1652", "sentence1": "The maximum Nmt of the sequential scheme case is fixed at gt +1 , regardless of the number of attempts of its proof generation process.", "sentence2": "as the number of attempts of the process increases, the probability of the process completion also increases, and the time for the proof generation process with error control is faster than the proof generation process without error control.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3121", "sentence1": "Android's permission system empowers informed privacy decisions when installing third-party applications.", "sentence2": "examining the access permissions is not enough to assess privacy exposure; even seemingly harmless applications can severely expose user data.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3556", "sentence1": "In other words, we posit that programming model research on in-situ analytics is needed.", "sentence2": "in-situ algorithms are currently implemented with low-level parallel programming libraries such as MPI, OpenMP, and Pthread, which offer high performance but require that programmers manually handle all the parallelization complexities.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2887", "sentence1": "To reconstruct web-based attacks, forensic analysts typically rely on browser cache files and system logs.", "sentence2": "cache files and logs provide only sparse information often lacking adequate detail to reconstruct a precise view of the incident.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2868", "sentence1": "IFCC may limit the number of available ACICS, but it cannot prevent the Control Jujutsu attack in general.", "sentence2": "using our ACICS discovery tool, we were able to easily expand on our original exploit for Apache and develop an additional full exploit based on an ACICS with an arity that matches its ICS with its target function.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3306", "sentence1": "Ac\u00adcording to the published results [1], the translation through\u00adput of Peephole is at most 200 instructions per second.", "sentence2": "the average translation throughput of HE R M E S is about 37K instructions per second, which significantly out\u00adperforms Peephole.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_738", "sentence1": "The idea of using function approximation was proposed at least 60 years ago [27], where linear functions are used to approximate the value functions in playing checkers.", "sentence2": "even in the most basic setting, Q-learning with linear function approximation, there is no provably efficient algorithm in the general stochastic setting.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1649", "sentence1": "Correspondingly, the MLUs need to read f X 16 bits of centroids and u X f X 16 bits of test\u00ading instances at each cycle.", "sentence2": "the read width of centroids and testing instances are different.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1232", "sentence1": "Moreover, the signal coverage of APs in our campus corridor and HKCP is constrained by the wall partitions, which helps differentiate the RPs.", "sentence2": "we expect a better localization performance on HKUST and HKCP than in HKIA.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2742", "sentence1": "As shown in Figure 1, we performed parameter tuning to calibrate the RF classifier.", "sentence2": "we used the out-of-bag error estimates freely computed by the RF algorithm to numerically find the best number of decision trees and the number of features for each tree, so that the prediction variance and bias are controlled across the trees.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3747", "sentence1": "Based on the results from the previous step, we have a clear understanding of the software structure and data dependency (inflow and outflow) of any specific scientific function within environmental models.", "sentence2": "for any given scientific function, the information on software structure and data dependency can be used to generate code segments for test module initialization (if necessary), and input/output.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3744", "sentence1": "We believe that addressing all of these requirements is essential for the creation of a robust utility network model which can support the requirements of modern utilities.", "sentence2": "another category of dense features is associated with substations.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3911", "sentence1": "The model eliminates the possibility of dangling pointers and races, and ensures memory safety.", "sentence2": "this suggests that it is possible to have a fast GC implementation that also benefits from its implementation language's safety guarantees.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1341", "sentence1": "RPdoc sends this address in a POST request to RP 3 . ", "sentence2": "the third component, script, is an injective mapping from a script in S to its string representation script(s) (a constant in \u03a3) so that it can be part of a messages, e.g., an HTTP response.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2802", "sentence1": " The first algorithm is Set Intersection, which orders inputs by the fraction of profiles where the output is present they are covering. ", "sentence2": "the best candidates for targeted inputs are the one present in the largest fraction of the profiles with the output.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3214", "sentence1": "This example uses a filter to test how well a class is encapsulated.", "sentence2": "the test looks for public fields that are not declared as const by applying a filter to the getFieldNames method (see Figure 8).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_992", "sentence1": " As in [5], the quadratic form of the internal utility function not only allows for tractable analysis, but also serves as a good second-order approximation for a broad class of concave utility functions.", "sentence2": "ai models the maximum internal demand rate, and bi models the internal demand elasticity factor.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3968", "sentence1": "In this experiment, we plan to implement an BCI (Brain Computer Interaction) interface, where the user will be able to change the from an avatar to another by measuring his/her brain activity.", "sentence2": "if the User relaxes, her/his brain activity is in low level and its avatar morphs to a more gentle or friendly avatar, if the User is in alert, his/her brain activity is in high level and its avatar morphs to a more intimidating or hostile avatar.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2094", "sentence1": "Traditionally, graphics processing applications, such as video games and image processing applications, have utilized GPUs for faster processing and rendering.", "sentence2": "with the increased thrust towards general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU), GPUs have started to influence high performance computing (HPC) systems as well.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_197", "sentence1": "Most optimization methods for solving problems with the Schatten-p norm perform SVD on X at every iteration, with time complexity of O(m 2 n) (supposing m \u2264 n) [21,22].", "sentence2": "the natural algorithm to minimize FGSR 2/3 and FGSR 1/2 does not use the SVD, as the regularizers are simple (not spectral) functions of the factors.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3105", "sentence1": "Federated identity services have gained widespread popularity among users as a simplifying means for managing their online identities.", "sentence2": "federated identity providers (e.g., Facebook and PayPal) employ authentication protocols such as OAuth [20, 21] and OpenID [34] to offer their users the convenience of using single identity and thus a single credential  to log into and access various third-party applications (e.g., Wiki and StackOverflow).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2176", "sentence1": "This permits clients to retrieve precisely the required data by specifying filters on data items.", "sentence2": "we evaluate EDGEREDUCE using three real-world mobile client applications for Twitter, Groupon and Yahoo!", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3920", "sentence1": "The approach is rather meant to validate certain system functionality with respect to the requirements.", "sentence2": "to check whether certain scenarios executed on the real system can be found in the state space of the formal model, which may indicate that the system implements the requirements as expected.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3827", "sentence1": "The aim of GoI project is to mathematically understand dynamical process of cut-elimination.", "sentence2": "via Curry-Howard correspondence, GoI project aims to mathematically understand dynamical process of program execution.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_436", "sentence1": "In fact, even finding local Nash equilibria is NP-hard in the general non-convex non-concave regime.In addition, as shown by [28, Proposition 10], local Nash equilibria for general non-convex non-concave games may not exist.", "sentence2": "consider the game min Then (0, 0) is the only first-order Nash equilibrium and is not a second-order Nash equilibrium.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1641", "sentence1": "The wires on this bus are shared from the memory controller to each DIMM s register.", "sentence2": "errors on these wires will be seen by all DRAM devices on a DIMM.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2171", "sentence1": "Although cloud environments are capable of providing virtualized, elastic, controllable and high quality on-demand services, they still lack the ability to control the selection and configuration of infrastructural components in response to changing requirements and environmental pressures.", "sentence2": "current Cloud environments still do not have the tools and application programming interfaces that would allow the developers to exert such control on the underlying infrastructure in an intelligent, semi-autonomous manner.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1037", "sentence1": "In this section, we will discuss a transceiver design for a UWB rapid-bit-exchange phase.", "sentence2": "we will study which modulation scheme is best suited to implement rapid-bit-exchange given a fixed bandwidth.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3511", "sentence1": "Symbiosis allows for resolving the same issues by relying on devices that already exist on the network.", "sentence2": "instead of needing more servers, symbiosis allows for perceiving every new purchased smart device as a potential server.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_689", "sentence1": "Recently, Neural Architecture Search has achieved great success in large-scale image classification.", "sentence2": "there have been limited works focusing on architecture search for object detection, mainly because the costly ImageNet pretraining is always required for detectors.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_29", "sentence1": "Instead, a somewhat weaker goal is to ensure that the price of parallelism is at most a constant factor: that is, the parallel variant needs at most constant-times more updates (or work).", "sentence2": "using t parallel process requires a wall-clock running time that is only O(1/t)-times that of the serial variant.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3452", "sentence1": "These graphs can then be used by subsequent test\u00ading processes within the GUITAR framework.", "sentence2": "the study focuses on programs written in C or C++, which use GUI libraries such as GTK or Qt.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2203", "sentence1": "Fingerprint-based comparison has better performance but needs to resolve potential collision problems, compared to byte-tobyte comparison.", "sentence2": "sHA-1 hashing is one of the most commonly used methods in generating fingerprints of selected data because SHA-1 has an extremely low collision rate and, at the same time, reasonably good performance [10, 16, 20].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1253", "sentence1": "Boneh et al. proposed the concept of aggregate signatures in [4], in which it is possible to aggregate n signatures on n distinct messages from n distinct users into a single aggregated signature of constant size.", "sentence2": "(5) The moderator sends the content to corresponding subscribers or peers within his group.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3925", "sentence1": "Because we lack type class constraints in the language (and equality constraints over existentially-bound variables can easily be normalized away), we simply omit per\u00addata-constructor constraints.", "sentence2": "typecase also performs run\u00adtime tests on type representations, and enables deconstructing type representations into their component parts for example, splitting a function type into a input type and output type.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_923", "sentence1": "Among different screen types, OLED screens are the most preferable, because OLED screens do not have backlight and each pixel emits light independently.", "sentence2": "colors on OLED screens are brighter with higher contrast, making color intensity change easier to detect.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3330", "sentence1": "In this paper, we propose a fine-grained monitoring mid\u00addleware providing real-time and accurate power estimation of software processes running at any level of virtualization in a system.", "sentence2": "our solution automatically learns an application-agnostic power model, which can be used to estimate the power consumption of applications.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3249", "sentence1": " Participants found the possibility to interact \u201cdirectly\u201d with the data compelling and thought that it allows them to more quickly reconcile their mental model of the structure with the rendering on-screen.", "sentence2": "participants often simple changed the visual layout of the graph in order to better understand the program state.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2190", "sentence1": "Due to the workonly/allocation policy with vCache (geo-mean of three conserving policy of vCache, VM1 can exploit unallocated/unused capacity along with its allocated vLLC and thus vLLC shows higher performance than pLLC while preserving VM2 s performance.", "sentence2": "vM1 can exploit more capacity before VM2 fills its al located capacity, since VM2 does not fully utilize its allocated capacity.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_71", "sentence1": "To make this more concrete, for illustration, consider the high-dimensional linear model that sufficiently wide networks have been shown to converge to [17].", "sentence2": "roughly, these networks can be written as h(x) = w T \u00cf\u2020(x) where \u00cf\u2020(x) is a rich high-dimensional representation of x computed from many random features (chosen independent of training data).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_149", "sentence1": "Efficient inference for gradient approximation: Since R 2 P(M) is a combinatorial space, generally the expensive MCMC algorithm is required for sampling from p (R|T, O) to approximate (16).", "sentence2": "this can be largely accelerated by scrutinizing the logic property in the proposed model.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_805", "sentence1": "At the same time, these attacks reduce the traffic load in the network reducing the level of PDR drop caused by congestions.", "sentence2": "packet-dropping attacks can offset packet loss caused by network congestions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3050", "sentence1": "We use the data-flow differences to automatically identify malware based on its flow of sensitive data (Section V).", "sentence2": "we train a model using data flows of benign apps only, and use it to detect novel malware even if no earlier malware samples are known.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1186", "sentence1": "As for the boundary conditions of the shell, we use the partially inelastic model.", "sentence2": "when a nanoparticle collides with the shell from both inside and outside the shell (both spherical and cylindrical), we handle a partially elastic collision with the plane that is tangent to the shell in the collision point.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3172", "sentence1": "In order to concretely exploit on the real system the attacks (or attack traces) found with a formal assessment, one has to concretize those attacks.", "sentence2": "one has to bridge the abstraction gap between the formalized system and the real system.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2543", "sentence1": "For our purpose multi-cloud is a cloud federation where all collaborating members are exclusively clouds.", "sentence2": "we do not consider a cloud and an external identity provider to constitute a multi-cloud.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2338", "sentence1": "Especially, our algorithm performs better in the range of small size memory.", "sentence2": "our algorithm is suitable for the process which issues a lot of read/write requests at critical state.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1537", "sentence1": "We set the benchmark parameters such that the dominant factor in server performance is the latency introduced by the networking stack at the endpoints and packet processing at VNToR, not by other server or switch bottlenecks.", "sentence2": "we ensure that: the working set of the rules fits in the hardware table; the ASIC-SupE interconnect inside the switch is not saturated;  the servers are neither CPU-nor I/O-bottleneck-ed.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3151", "sentence1": "One participant described: Do you think police do not know who the criminals are in a neighborhood?", "sentence2": "when the devices leave these stable environments, a whole new set of designs and policies are required to understand privacy in different scenarios.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3288", "sentence1": "Loop i is a parallel loop and therefore we can redistribute the stores among the threads to ensure coalesced access.", "sentence2": "we can use the i loop in the thread code as an additional source of parallel threads, and compute a new 2D geometry in place of the original 1D one, such that accesses will be coalesced for tx: in this example this amounts to (1) making i the tx dimension, updating bx correspondingly to capture N threads; and (2) make the original tx dimension ty in the transformed code.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1465", "sentence1": "As the as\u00adsumption of sensor devices equipped on a node, we consider the simplest case in this paper.", "sentence2": "each node is equipped with a sensor device that can observe a single attribute environmental information.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1841", "sentence1": "Because the divergent applications traverse multiple independent control flow paths, restricting L1 I-cache bandwidth results in a significant performance loss.", "sentence2": "the inclusion of per-slice L0 I-caches, which are probed first when independent warps fetch instructions, vastly decreases the performance loss.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2597", "sentence1": "If the original file spans several units, Ul must decode each unit separately in order to read the entire file.", "sentence2": "for each unit, he uses the set of endorsed tokens he can fetch to recover the secret key via CRSS.Combine(\u00b7) and then uses the secret key to decode the unit via SFD.Decode(\u00b7).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_124", "sentence1": "We also show how such dynamics models can be integrated into larger network systems to learn dynamics over complex output spaces.", "sentence2": "despite the predictive power of these systems, it has been difficult to make formal claims about the basic properties of the learned systems.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_502", "sentence1": "As introduced in the previous section, we reckon that it is promising to apply the gradient of some reference models to span the search subspace for mounting black-box attacks.", "sentence2": "there remain some challenges in doing so.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3890", "sentence1": "In code-centric development, one has to rely on manual code inspection for enforcing such policies - an error prone and time- and effort-intensive endeavor.", "sentence2": "in model-driven approach, such policies can be enforced either at model validation time or at model creation time itself.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1757", "sentence1": "For this purpose, COMeT+ keeps a pool of tested free pages to quickly service allocation requests.", "sentence2": "too high of a rate may be harmful: Competition can be caused between testing and the workload.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1715", "sentence1": "Assuming 20% of our post-layout top critical path will be RC-delay and 80% cell-delay, the di.erence between pre-layout and post-layout speedup for 25.C to 125.C, will be 7% lower in 20nm at nominal voltage.", "sentence2": "post-layout speedup as a result of increase in temperature is lower than that of pre-layout.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2459", "sentence1": "There already exists open source software that allows for multiple keys per access to one file.", "sentence2": "both user A s key and user B s key can decrypt their corresponding symmetric keys with the same result.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_141", "sentence1": "We use the non-parametric approach of [18] proposed in the context of estimating high-dimensional distributions with sparse covariance structure.", "sentence2": "they use the empirical CDF of the marginal distributions, where m observations are considered.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2378", "sentence1": "Otherwise, the authors of [25] highlight the importance of efficient utilization of renewable energy sources within Cloud computing platform.", "sentence2": "to cope with the complexity, the authors introduce a fuzzy logic based on heuristic for GLB which improve the overall cost and the renewable energy utilization.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_715", "sentence1": "Thus, it is sufficient to have a significantly smaller number of iterations than that in Theorem 4.", "sentence2": "t sub is set to be small.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3332", "sentence1": "The differences in Figures 1 and 2 illustrate that when the server is the leader, it can externalize the UI state on behalf of the client.", "sentence2": "when the client is the leader, only the client will generate UI output.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1600", "sentence1": "At the same time we transform abstract states, we perform verifications to prove that every C#minor expression evaluates safely (without blocking) in its evaluation context.", "sentence2": "we check that every load and store is performed within bounds and with the correct alignment.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1799", "sentence1": "We observe that most of the performance statistics of seismic data are very close to video surveillance.", "sentence2": "this paper takes the first step towards designing server clusters for data processing in the field.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3184", "sentence1": "For instance, performing access control using data encryption alone is not sufficient, since shared ownership demonstrates the need for higher-level isolation mechanisms.", "sentence2": "shared ownership should be resistant to key leakage and collusion attempts.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3192", "sentence1": "2.2 Efects of MV Based Steganography on Video Statistics According to current MV based steganography [1, 3, 6, 10, 27, 29], one or two components of a MV can be modified during e emmbeding.", "sentence2": "the features in [20] and [26] are based on the first-order distributions (histograms) of NMVDs and the joint distributions of NMVDs.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2788", "sentence1": "The users that had selected a neutral stance, recog\u00adnized the need that other users may have for preserving their privacy, but did not have a strong motivation in using such a mechanism.", "sentence2": "these users were also not aware of the true visibility of their photos.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_359", "sentence1": "The initial values for v i (0) and u i (0) are set to -65 and -13 respectively for all nodes.", "sentence2": "biological neural networks in the brain grow architecture that can generalize very well to innumerable datasets.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2168", "sentence1": "X-UNITY is a formal language that addresses the descrip\u00adtion of interfaces of constituents and SoS.", "sentence2": "constituents in a X-UNITY description present internal variables (called context) and exposed variables that are visible to other constituents.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3681", "sentence1": "We observe that the patch applied in the onCreate method (Patch2) avoids the crash, whereas the patch applied in the getWorldList method (Patch1) continues throwing the exception.", "sentence2": "the store learns that Patch1 is not effective and automatically discards it.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_263", "sentence1": "Alternatively, using a nonparametric bivariate copula estimator provides the required flexibility.", "sentence2": "the bivariate Gaussian kernel estimator, targeted at densities of unbounded support, cannot be directly applied to pair-copulas, which are supported in the unit square.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2581", "sentence1": "In this section, we describe the experimental work on Valued WSP that we have undertaken.", "sentence2": "we will compare the per\u00adformance of our PBB algorithm to that of the state-of-art commercial MIP solver in our computational experiments on Valued WSP.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1946", "sentence1": "Using this model, the probability of detecting a HT can be calculated.", "sentence2": "we can estimate the false positive and false negative probability of HT detection as a function of HT size for a set of ICs.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2566", "sentence1": "Stakeholders of such systems demand maximum reliability and security.", "sentence2": "the methodology must estimate the security of a system in terms of the loss that each stakeholder stands to sustain as a result of security breakdowns, the so-called mean failure cost (MFC) [8\u00ad10].", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_116", "sentence1": "As such, it allows us to quantify tradeoffs between learning the safe set and minimizing the regret.", "sentence2": "we propose Safe-LUCB which is comprised of two phases: (i) a pure-exploration phase that speeds up learning the safe set; (ii) a safe exploration-exploitation phase that optimizes  minimizing the regret.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1795", "sentence1": "This is mainly because many data acquisition sites are temporary or difficult to reach -they lack established utility infrastructure.", "sentence2": "standalone power supplies such as solar/wind system (with commodity batteries as energy buffer) are often more suitable for data processing in field.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_720", "sentence1": "Our next experiment considers FML-based training for latent variable models and generative modeling tasks.", "sentence2": "we directly benchmark FML against the VAE [37], for modeling complex distributions, such as images and natural language, for real-world applications.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_723", "sentence1": "We consider the fairness goal of training a classifier that yields at least as high a F-measure for the protected group as it does for the rest of the population, and impose this as a constraint.", "sentence2": "we seek to maximize the overall F-measure subject to the constraint: Fmeasure prt Fmeasure other 0.02.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1822", "sentence1": "To avoid clutter, Figure 7 only shows the three parts of the spectrum that contain the left side-bands, the carrier, and the right side-bands of the signals.", "sentence2": "it does not show about 40kHz worth of spectrum to the left and right of the carrier.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1413", "sentence1": "However, the very mechanisms that make TCP so survivable also make it perform poorly when network conditions are not ideal. ", "sentence2": "tCP interprets packet loss as network congestion, and reduces its sending rate when loss is detected.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1812", "sentence1": "The explosion of digital data and the ever-growing need for fast data analysis have made in-memory big-data processing in computer systems increasingly important.", "sentence2": "large-scale graph processing is gaining attention due to its broad applicability from social science to machine learning.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_82", "sentence1": "GPs are robust in settings with a low amount of data, and can model a rich class of functions with few hyperparameters.", "sentence2": "gPs are computationally intractable for large amounts of data and limited by the expressiveness of a chosen kernel.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_262", "sentence1": "The rationale behind the clustering penalty was to better disentangle the features in the latent space.", "sentence2": "we obtain latent representations where the different clusters (i.e., classes) are better separated, thereby facilitating their modeling.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1664", "sentence1": "The purpose of this paper is to give an up-to-date overview of ana\u00adlog design automation, highlighting physical design, its specific characteristics and its current research areas from both an industrial and an academic perspective.", "sentence2": "we will first review the analog layout design problem itself and discuss various aspects of today's design flows.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_4", "sentence1": "Experiments show that our algorithm achieves a strong performance over several image classification datasets.", "sentence2": "it obtains an error rate of 1.6% for CIFAR-10, 23.9% for ImageNet under mobile settings, and achieves state-of-the-art results on three additional datasets.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3299", "sentence1": "Our approach is based on observing this IR-to-assembly translation, and testing if the two are semantically equivalent.", "sentence2": "for each IR-to-assembly translation used by the compiler, ArC heck tests if the IR and assembly instructions have the same behavior.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3112", "sentence1": "In Proceedings of the 2010 workshop on New security paradigms, pages 1 6.", "sentence2": "in some cases defenders may also become active defenders by taking proactive measures to subvert the attacker's control while simultaneously executing their own mission objectives.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2022", "sentence1": "On the other hand, any solution for U(i, S) when the current state is indeed i\u00ad-reachable is non-spurious.", "sentence2": "when a solution is found the reachability checking procedure of [9] is used to determine if the current state is i-reachable or not.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2307", "sentence1": "NIC issues notifications only at the start of each time window, which is set greater than the maximum broadcast latency.", "sentence2": "all nodes receive the same set of notifications at the end of each time window.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1368", "sentence1": "In terms of sheer volume, during April 2015, Gmail was able to validate 94% of inbound messages using a combination of DKIM (83%) and SPF (92%).", "sentence2": "among the Alexa Top Million mail servers, only 47% deploy SPF policies and only 1% provide a DMARC policy, the absence of which leaves recipients unsure whether an unsigned message is invalid or expected.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_224", "sentence1": "In all our experiments, we assume that the weightfunction comes from the class F of mixture of m 2D non-negatively weighted Gaussians as described in the end of Section 3.2.", "sentence2": "the persistent homology is one of the most important developments in the field of topological data analysis, and there have been fundamental developments both on the theoretical front (e.g, [23,10,13,8,14,5]), and on algorithms / implementations (e.g, [43,4,15,20,29,3]).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_323", "sentence1": "Consequently, we propose to store the input of each module as well as a random seed.", "sentence2": "before computing activations, we initialize the random number generator in GPU with the stored seed.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3594", "sentence1": "Eventually, such an approach leads to a replica architecture where basic tasks are carried out by dedicated threads that exchange their performed work via in-memory queues to preserve the established request order.", "sentence2": "it leads to a task-oriented parallelization [27] and an architecture resembling staged event-driven designs [31].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2893", "sentence1": "This is crucial to allow for a secure migration from an existing in\u00addexing system based on unique uidi s to our pseudonymous system.", "sentence2": "such a verification must be explicitly al\u00adlowed by the converter.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2177", "sentence1": "The nRF24L01+ transceiver has several configurable parameters that can be tuned for the specific applications.", "sentence2": "its most configurable parameters that impact the energy efficency of the communication are: transmission speed, transmission power, payload size, activation of acknowledgments.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1294", "sentence1": "The reason is that the encoder and the decoder do not hold the same version of the reference frame.", "sentence2": "the en-coder does not perform quantization and only has the lossless version of the video frames, while the decoder only has the distorted version.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3848", "sentence1": "In addition, the use of Time Series to evaluate the refactoring solutions is another reason of the higher execution time.", "sentence2": "we can consider that an average of less than 25 minutes of difference between the execution time of our algorithm and existing work is not an issue especially that refactoring is not a real-time problem.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_245", "sentence1": "Our result can be a significant improvement as m grows.", "sentence2": "in our setting the individual machines need not be able to obtain any estimate of v i , but the corresponding average is still accurate.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_432", "sentence1": "(2017a), the structure of the manifold interacts with the local approximation of the objective function in a complicated way.", "sentence2": "we provide convergence guarantees for perturbed first order Riemannian optimization methods to seond-order stationary points (local minima).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_9", "sentence1": "Among the many applications of deep networks, sequence modeling has witnessed continuous advances in model architectures.", "sentence2": "while recurrent networks have long been the dominant model for sequences [21,26,14,34], deep feedforward architectures based on temporal convolutions [49,47,7] and self-attention [48,16,13] have (re-)emerged to claim superior performance on a variety of sequence prediction tasks.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1794", "sentence1": "In fact, it has been shown that about 85% big data processing tasks can be deferred by a day [40].", "sentence2": "even if the renewable power output is intermittent and time-varying, we can still leverage it for processing many delay-tolerant data sets.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2591", "sentence1": "In contrast, our approach enables to reason on information inference at any level of the data hierarchy.", "sentence2": "we have tackled the problem of inference control by proposing an access control model that adopts semantic inference relationship among data and defines on top of these relationship authorization propagation rules that prevent inference of sensitive information.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1519", "sentence1": "It is based on an intuition that the distance between the two tags is much shorter than the distance from them to the objects in the environment.", "sentence2": "tags at very close positions may share very similar ambient noises and multipath effects.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1082", "sentence1": "One heuristic approach to reducing the number of mapping units for end-user mapping is to use the IP blocks (i.e., CIDRs) in BGP feeds that are the units for routing in the Internet.", "sentence2": "if a set of /24 IP blocks belong within the same BGP CIDR, these blocks can be combined since they are likely proximal in the network sense. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1685", "sentence1": "The area of the single comparator/error detection block responsible to runtime Trojan detection at the final output is also considered in the above QoR function when evaluating its magnitude for both [7] and proposed approach.", "sentence2": "since only a single comparator/error detection block is used in both approaches, hence it has no impact on the QoR of both approaches.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3471", "sentence1": "Upon first execution, every message to an object resolves to an object-specific AST snippet (message resolution) [15, 18], which is then inserted into the enclosing AST as a replacement for the message.", "sentence2": "message resolution replaces object-independent messages by object-specific ASTs.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_142", "sentence1": "We can clearly see that increasing the size of the orientation set in OMP results in a larger angular distance since more dissimilar orientations are included.", "sentence2": "the angular distance of candidate sets chosen by GreedyOrientation decreases fast and then stabilized, which indicates that GreedyOrientation forward selection criterion is defined well so that the best candidate orientations approximate the ground truth are among the immediate ones.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3174", "sentence1": "There\u00adfore, only the communication between the upper-entities can be seen by the attacker.", "sentence2": "by giving/removing to the attacker knowledge encryption and decryption keys, it is possible to grant/restrict the attacker to a sub-part of the network of the CPS.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3045", "sentence1": "However, this is not feasible in current canary-based pro\u00adtectors, as hardened programs do not store any information regarding where (in their address space) their canaries are stored.", "sentence2": "once a child process is forked, there is no way for it to access the canaries in the frames it inherited from its parent process, as it cannot differentiate canaries from random data that may be residing in the stack.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_516", "sentence1": "Louizos et al. [2017] studied scale mixtures of Gaussian priors and half-Cauchy scale priors for the hidden units of VGG models [Simonyan and Zisserman, 2014] and achieved good model compression performance on CIFAR10 [Krizhevsky, 2009] using VI.", "sentence2": "due to the limitation of VI in non-convex optimization, the compression is still not sparse enough and can be further optimized.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1861", "sentence1": "The next bottle\u00adneck will then be the divide for DP (84 cy) and the L3 transfer time for SP (78 cy), respectively, but both of these are purely core-local.", "sentence2": "in column 5 we give the leading dimension below which the respective layer condition is satisfied.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1554", "sentence1": "The lower data transmission power is used, in other word, the larger IR of R is, the worse the LIRC problem becomes.", "sentence2": "as a solution for the LIRC problem, we try to narrow down the interference range within RTS/CTS transmission range by allocating more power.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_147", "sentence1": "A key contribution of our analysis is to quantify the impact of the part-based structure of the problem on the learning rates of the proposed estimator.", "sentence2": "we prove that under natural assumptions on 33rd Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2019), Vancouver, Canada.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1093", "sentence1": "The Android API is used to execute the algorithm choice, basing on previous measurement for particular location.", "sentence2": "there is a trade-off between frequent updates and the amount of transferred data, hence the update rate should be chosen wisely.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2039", "sentence1": "Assist Feature Insertion Sub-resolution assist features (SRAFs) are commonly employed in industry, not only to reduce EPE, but also to improve process window.", "sentence2": "assist features are essential for isolated features ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3091", "sentence1": "In this implementation, it can be used only for unlocking screen of personal computers since the accuracy of personal identification is not good.", "sentence2": "if signs are managed as a part of password like the method by Chahar et al., the accuracy may extremely increase.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3974", "sentence1": "Request graphs tend to be smaller as the number of different requests is considerably smaller than the number of different objects.", "sentence2": "every cache is aware of other cache contents using a replicated directory.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3942", "sentence1": "As we showed in the examples of Section 4, it is straightforward with Jbase to introduce Java expressions and statements into an Xtext DSL.", "sentence2": "we believe that Jbase is a valuable tool also for extending Java.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1832", "sentence1": "NuRAPID and LRU-PEA aggressively promote lines to nearer locations and thereby have a much higher fraction of accesses from those sublevels.", "sentence2": "as we can see from Figure 11, this higher fraction is achieved at the cost of a significant increase in movement energy, which adversely impacts cache energy.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_685", "sentence1": "To address the problem, [50,52] try to learn a combination of different criteria, i.e., weights of a mixture of submodular functions.", "sentence2": "chengguang Xu would like to thank Dat Huynh and Zwe Naing for their help and advice with some of the implementations during his research assistantship at MCADS lab, which resulted in this work.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1149", "sentence1": "The first two applications aim to evaluate the accurate PER prediction of Recitation.", "sentence2": "the former one focuses on the PER prediction when PER is close to zero and the latter one focuses on the prediction with the PER transition range.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_701", "sentence1": "For the UVFA network, it only needs to remember experiences in a local neighborhood.", "sentence2": "such map induces a new environment, where the action is to choose to move to another landmark.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1396", "sentence1": "Third, data should be downloaded from the nodes in a fair way.", "sentence2": "the amount of data collected from each node should be greater than a certain application-specific threshold.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_39", "sentence1": "Even Density Functional Theory (DFT) [Hohenberg and Kohn, 1964], a widely used approximation to the equations of quantum mechanics, has trouble scaling to more than a few hundred atoms.", "sentence2": "the majority of practical work in molecular dynamics today falls back on fundamentally classical models, where the atoms are essentially treated as solid balls and the forces between them are given by pre-defined formulae called atomic force fields or empirical potentials, such as the CHARMM family of models [Brooks et al., 1983[Brooks et al., , 2009.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2781", "sentence1": "However, cached content needs to contain every authorization signature verification key that could be used to access said content.", "sentence2": "producers need to provide all possible public keys that can be used to access the content under IBAC protection.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_478", "sentence1": "We observed in our experiments that sharing the same integrand function does not impact performance.", "sentence2": "the neural embedding function h i must produce a fixed size output for i \u2208 {1, . . . , d}.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1722", "sentence1": "At the lower level, the LRUL (left) and LRUR (right) show the least recently used subblock in the left/right array respectively.", "sentence2": "the spare mode has the extra benefit of lower power consumption (in VS mode after a hit at the extra cache a block is exchanged between the main cache and the extra one).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_568", "sentence1": "Our results show that exact recovery is possible and achievable in polynomial time for a large class of graphs.", "sentence2": "we show that graphs that are bad expanders can be exactly recovered by adding small edge perturbations coming from the Erd\u0151s-R\u00e9nyi model.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2169", "sentence1": "WZeroRPC is an open source platform that takes a different approach by offering a workflow-based execution model that can be embedded within conventional programming paradigms.", "sentence2": "it provides support for executing a directed acyclic graph (DAG) workflow, executed across a distribution of workers, along with the dependencies between them, whilst providing a Python interface for coordinating execution and data dependencies between multiple workflow instances.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3998", "sentence1": "By looking at the results reported by the accuracy measure and F1\u00admeasure, we can see a discrepancy between them, possibly due to the sample size and, more importantly, our use of 10-way cross validation, which usually overestimates errors in models [20].", "sentence2": "the real performance of the models in F1-measure exceeds the values reported in Table 6.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3599", "sentence1": "It shows that our system was able to handle the large amount of publications without stressing the computational resources of the brokers.", "sentence2": "each row of the table contains the subscription identifier as key, the list of node identifiers covered by the subscription, the original query string in case of a graph subscription, and the client identifier of the client that submitted the subscription.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_175", "sentence1": "In contrast to purely statistical models, the parameters of the LNR model are readily interpretable in terms of properties of the ribbon synapase.", "sentence2": "we show that its parameters can be fitted efficiently on synthetic data and two-photon imaging measurements.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2743", "sentence1": "After that, we present background on defending OSNs against fake accounts.", "sentence2": "we divide fake account defense mechanisms into two categories, based on how new accounts are admitted into the OSN.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1028", "sentence1": "We exam\u00adine the effectiveness and advantages of LIPS in Section 5.", "sentence2": "we also omit it due to the limited space.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2233", "sentence1": "CHStone suite is a set of 12 benchmarks, explicitly collected for the evaluation of High Level Synthesis flows, which aim at representing all the possible scenarios which have to be addressed by an High Level Synthesis tool.", "sentence2": "this suite contains both data dominated applications (aes, blow.sh, jpeg, mpeg2, sha) and control oriented applications (adpcm, dfadd, dfdiv, dfmul, dfsin, gsm, mips).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3494", "sentence1": "It describes three algo\u00adrithms to model and predict the satisfaction experienced by individuals using a recommender system for groups, which recommends sequences of items.", "sentence2": "the use of curiosity can aid recommendation systems to achieve better prediction rates and also decrease rejection rate if compared to traditional recommendation systems.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3550", "sentence1": "A few existing studies have also tried to estimate the reliability of a storage system through simulation [7, 8, 11].", "sentence2": "elerath and Pecht [7] have implemented a Monte Carlo simulation for RAID 4 groups to evaluate how time dependent failure and repair rates impact the average number of data loss events that could occur during a given mission time.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1981", "sentence1": "DMSD needs, however, periodic measurements of end-to-end packet delays rather than of injection rate.", "sentence2": "the receiving nodes, and not the transmitting ones, measure the delay.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_724", "sentence1": "Our approach generalizes many existing algorithms (see Table 2), and makes possible new algorithms with more flexibility and tighter handling of non-linear rate constraints.", "sentence2": "we give a new method (Algorithm 2) that can handle a wider range of performance metrics than previous surrogate methods (such as e.g. KL-divergence based metrics that only take inputs from a restricted range), and can be applied to constrained training problems without the risk of over-constraining the model because it needs to use surrogates less. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_26", "sentence1": "We further use this framework to derive the first asynchronous online and stochastic optimization algorithm with non-box constraints that uses non-Euclidean regularizers.", "sentence2": "we present and analyze HEDGEHOG, the parallel asynchronous variant of the EG algorithm, also known as Hedge in online linear optimization [34,14], 2 In this paper, we do not further consider BCD-based methods, for two main reasons: a) in general, a BCD update may unnecessarily slow down the convergence of the algorithm by focusing only on a single coordinate of the gradient information, especially in the sparse-data problems we consider in this paper (see, e.g., Pedregosa et al.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1821", "sentence1": "The spectrum of a pulse train with an arbitrary duty cycle is equivalent via Fourier analysis to a set of sinusoids with various amplitudes at fc and its multiples (harmonics).", "sentence2": "there often are several modulated carrier signals in the same general region of the spectrum, so that their side-band signals may not be neatly separated from each other.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3352", "sentence1": "Furthermore, since the re\u00adspective variant should be grounded in the reference model instead of the V-Modell XT Bund, required variability oper\u00adations had to be defined in a new metamodel variant.", "sentence2": "the development approach of the V-Modell XT Bund was replicated by another team in another context.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1405", "sentence1": "And when we use the new approach only 8 users are connected to the MBS.", "sentence2": "the new algorithm has reduced the load on MBS which is our main objective.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1523", "sentence1": "The first are mappings between client and cellular DNS server IP addresses.", "sentence2": "our work precisely describes the current role of a CDN in connecting mobile users to content servers in the evolving cellular ecosystem in the US.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2730", "sentence1": "Additional steps such as chip separation and micro-bumps assignment [9] are necessary to generate a practical 2.5D IC placement.", "sentence2": "we neglect these steps in our placement algorithm since they do not affect the attack result.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2833", "sentence1": "Instead of storing the entire position map in the client s local memory, the client can store it in a smaller ORAM on the server.", "sentence2": "this position map ORAM needs to store N labels each of log N bits.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1505", "sentence1": "Time of Arrival (ToA) based GPS-free localization has been developed [11].", "sentence2": "the GPS-free localization framework operates on two steps.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1089", "sentence1": "The goal of provable avoidance routing is detection, as opposed to prevention.", "sentence2": "alone, it is unable to ensure a user s packets will not traverse a region of the world we do not require modi.cations to the underlying routing protocols or hardware, and so we are subject to all of today s uncertainties as to where packets will travel.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_517", "sentence1": "Ghosh et al. [2018] proposed to use variational inference (VI) based on regularized horseshoe priors to obtain a compact model.", "sentence2": "all the analyses fail when DNN has too many parameters, and the over-specified model tends to have a large prediction variance, resulting in poor generalization and causing over-fitting.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_167", "sentence1": "The data generated by \u00b5 is significantly different from any meaningful policy in those tasks.", "sentence2": "our experiments aim to answer the following questions.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_80", "sentence1": "Note that this is a more informative sample, as all observations in the sample are likely to influence the same subset of parameters in \u00ce\u00b8, effectively increasing the degrees of freedom 4 , hence the quality of variance estimation.", "sentence2": "if the variance network is sufficiently expressive, our Monte Carlo gradients under this sampling scheme are of smaller variation and more sparse.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3081", "sentence1": "So, we can view these pj's as public states of OPAccess, and do not erase its content in the hybrids.", "sentence2": "we generate simulated path pj for each CPU, and store them as public states to simulate the access pattern of OPAccess.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1454", "sentence1": "In Section 5 the performance of the proposed approach is evaluated.", "sentence2": "if the APs are as\u00adsigned non-bonded channels only then n clients may suffer by operating with a reduced transmission rate and thereby degrading the overall network performance.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2949", "sentence1": "If y marks the communication as unwanted, the balance B of (x, y) is lowered by one (from the sender s perspective).", "sentence2": "sybilLimit is vul\u00adnerable to the re-registration attack discussed previously, since it allows the initiator of the random route to overwrite the public key registered at its tail.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1894", "sentence1": "In addition, bank switching results in a more complicated logic for the generation of the addresses to the memory banks, since each bank must be addressed by one of five different combinations of the (i, j) indices as the loop proceeds through the iterations.", "sentence2": "we also need additional multiplexers driving different addresses to each of the four memory banks, depending on the iteration.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3648", "sentence1": "In the example, the number of loop iterations is controlled by the value of register edi that holds symbolic data (instructions at 0x6116174c and 0x6116174d).", "sentence2": "the value of eax in crash instruction is indirectly controlled by the symbolic input data in edi.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_969", "sentence1": "Moreover, few of them have investigated the method to estimate the quality of sensing data.", "sentence2": "we systemically consider the participants\u2019 willingness to take a sufficient amount of efforts in crowdsensing, and bridge the gap between quality of sensing data and rewards for contributions, by providing a quality based incentive mechanism.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2947", "sentence1": "An alternative method to achieve a secure display is to reuse the Rich OS's IPU driver after verifying its integrity.", "sentence2": "it cannot guarantee to provide a reliable display for OTP when the Rich OS crashes.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3374", "sentence1": "In contrast, with our framework, the system can potentially use an overlay for each virtual page to store metadata for the virtual page instead of an alternate version of the data.", "sentence2": "the Overlay Address Space serves as shadow memory for the virtual address space. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1899", "sentence1": "The microprocessor power consumption is a major design constraint, which affects performance and reliability.", "sentence2": "it is of decisive importance to co-optimize performance, reliability and power at runtime by applying fine-grained adaptation techniques.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1963", "sentence1": "However, these benefits are obtained at the cost of significantly higher arithmetic effort: Due to the comparative complex underlying mathe\u00admatical method, a large set of additions and multiplications is required1 .", "sentence2": "the algorithmic performance evaluation highlights our work as very efficient in terms of arithmetic calculation effort (see Tab. 1).", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1865", "sentence1": "That is, even if soft errors have already corrupted architectural states, Clover can recover from the errors, and the detection latency does not need to be zero.", "sentence2": "idempotent processing requires soft errors to be detected within the same region as stated in Section 3.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_285", "sentence1": "While, in general, f H may be difficult to compute, we show settings in which it is tractable.", "sentence2": "for kernel ridge regression with a Gaussian kernel, we prove a bound on f H that, as a byproduct, yields generalization bounds that match (up to a small constant) the standard ones.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_331", "sentence1": "This further decomposition is important in understanding how the ensemble model's predictive uncertainty changes by accounting for the fact that its prediction and distribution functions may be misspecified.", "sentence2": "recall that an ensemble model's parametric uncertainty is the uncertainty about the ensemble weights under the current model specification (i.e. by assuming \u03b4 = 0,G = I).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3535", "sentence1": "Since the server-facing portion of the application lacks a GUI, Node does not expose DOM0 or DOM2 events.", "sentence2": "node does support timers and Web Worker-like execution contexts called processes.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3100", "sentence1": "As we already described in Section 2.1, however, the integrity of the rights object in a DCF file is securely protected by its MAC.", "sentence2": "the DRM agent, embedded in the MelOn music player, always checks if any of the permissions and constraints included in a DCF have been maliciously modi.ed before playing the DCF file.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_566", "sentence1": "Since we have that y is an eigenvector of V \u00e2\u02c6\u2019 X with eigenvalue zero, showing that \u00ce\u00bb 2 (V \u00e2\u02c6\u2019 X) > 0 will imply that V \u00e2\u02c6\u2019 X is positive semidefinite.", "sentence2": "we focus on controlling its second smallest eigenvalue.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_980", "sentence1": "We achieve this goal by selecting an appropriate threshold and time-window.", "sentence2": "only links with a click-through score higher than the threshold (based on bud\u00adget \u00a7Tuning the Thresholds) will be prefetched.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2765", "sentence1": "Programs such as the CubeSat Launch Initiative [7] in the United States and the European Space Agency's Fly Your Satellite [4] program encourage students and researchers to build and launch small satellites.", "sentence2": "in Section 3.5, it was required to choose 2 values from the initial array values.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_913", "sentence1": "U-Wear offers a training-based channel estimation approach that requires the presence of a training sequence known a-priori in the transmitted packet.", "sentence2": "u-Wear leverages the good autocorrelation property of the synchronization preamble sequence, discussed in Section 3.1.2, to estimate the CIR.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1342", "sentence1": "This full day tutorial on synchronization and security in Named Data Networking (NDN) will share important architectural concepts we are exploring in these areas, the software we have built to perform these tasks, and remaining open issues.", "sentence2": "it will emphasize how the existing open source toolset provides a platform for exploring the open research questions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_351", "sentence1": "Because of this disparity between training and testing, the DRNN may enter unseen regions of the state-space, leading to mistakes at the beginning of the sequence prediction process.", "sentence2": "we should find a strategy to start from the ground truth distribution and move toward the predictions' distribution slowly as the DRNN learns.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_774", "sentence1": "Recall that the Gaussian mechanism has an additional failure probability , thus the privacy guarantees we obtain are strictly better for the same value of \u00e2\u0153\u008f.", "sentence2": "it is particularly striking that we consistently beat the Gaussian mechanism even for the very relaxed value of = .001.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1503", "sentence1": "Two roots can be obtained by solving (16) as expressed in Equation (17).", "sentence2": "these techniques are not suitable for inter vehicle distance calculation.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1373", "sentence1": "ICANN intends the use of WHOIS for any lawful purpose except to enable marketing or spam, or to enable high volume, automated processes to query a registrar or registry's systems [14].", "sentence2": "iCANN encourages its use by consumers, registrars, and law enforcement, and discourages its use by spammers [29].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3849", "sentence1": "If the model well fits the data, the residuals of the model behave as an independent identically distributed sequence with a mean of zero and a variance of one.", "sentence2": "the residual sequence should correspond to a white noise; otherwise, the model needs to be improved.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_751", "sentence1": "Feldman and Steinke [16] use a median-of-means algorithm to privately estimate the mean, yielding a guarantee similar to Theorem 8.", "sentence2": "their algorithm partitions the dataset into evenlysized subdatasets and computes the mean of each subdataset.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2362", "sentence1": "As illustrated in Section 2, the path that was initially (i.e. before aging) critical may not remain critical after aging.", "sentence2": "both aging-aware and aging-unaware designs will operate with no (required or contained ) guardband.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3004", "sentence1": "We also found that when the call is initiated by the application, the calling state is not displayed on the phone.", "sentence2": "a user would not be able to recognize that her phone is now calling.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1938", "sentence1": "We can observe that the impact of variations on the mean and variance of the delay for different configurations is shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.", "sentence2": "the mean delays of the three configurations are similar, while the spreads around the mean differ substantially.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2002", "sentence1": "For instance, slightly losing from one electrical constraint may cause much better performances for the other constraints, as a result enhances the overall circuit performance.", "sentence2": "the design coefficients are added to the developed tool in attempt to arrange tradeoffs between each design constraints.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_880", "sentence1": "To determine the origin of this performance gain of HTTP/2, a deeper analysis is necessary.", "sentence2": "when using the traditional adaptation (no push and bandwidth estimation is based on downloading time), the client directly selects the representation with the highest bitrate and continues using it.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_464", "sentence1": "D, E, F is the second layers' counterpart of Q, R, T .", "sentence2": "we consider a two-layer perceptron which has N input units, K hidden units and 1 output unit.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_948", "sentence1": "Fig. 11 presents the average throughput under 3 scenarios.", "sentence2": "they should coordinate with each other spontaneously to form the best user group for each UL MU-MIMO transmission.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_210", "sentence1": "Whereas previous work on CNPs has focused on homogeneous regression and classification datasets and fairly simple models, here we study multiple heterogeneous classification datasets and use a more complex model to handle this scenario.", "sentence2": "whereas the original CNP approach to classification required pre-specifying the number of classes in advance, CNAPS handles varying way classification tasks, which is required for e.g.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1501", "sentence1": "Lee [10] addressed a location problem in three-dimensional space from the application perspective.", "sentence2": "he introduces a 3D coverage location model of Wi-Fi access points (APs) in an indoor environment.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_28", "sentence1": "Of particular interest are asynchronous lock-free algorithms, where Recht et al. [30] demostrated first that linear speed-ups are possible: They showed that if \u2327 processes run stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and apply their updates to the same shared iterate without locking, then the overall algorithm (called Hogwild!) converges after the same amount of work as serial SGD, up to a multiplicative factor that increases with the number of concurrent processes and decreases with the sparsity of the problem.", "sentence2": "if the problem is sparse enough, this penalty can be considered a constant, and the algorithm achieves linear speed-up.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3188", "sentence1": "Motivated by the aforementioned research findings over respiratory sounds, we hypothesized that acoustic features derived from different breathing patterns, measured by a microphone sensor, should provide an effective approach for authenticating people. ", "sentence2": "we needed to discover the key features (e.g., amount of air, forcefulness, time duration of inhalation and exhalation, etc.)", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_734", "sentence1": "The good empirical performance of distributional reinforcement learning (Bellemare et al., 2017) has also been attributed to representation learning effects, with recent visualizations supporting this claim (Such et al., 2019).", "sentence2": "while there is now conclusive empirical evidence of the usefulness of auxiliary tasks, their design and justification remain on the whole ad-hoc.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1826", "sentence1": "The difference is largest in 64-core execution of radiosity, where lock synchronization is frequent, but with many low-contention locks.", "sentence2": "this may be an important consideration for processor manufacturers -after adding the synchronization instructions and our MSA/OMU hardware, the processor man\u00adufacturer can drop MSA/OMU support in future generations of the processor without breaking compatibility with software that uses the new instructions.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1031", "sentence1": "Device-to-device (D2D) communication is envisioned as a promising technique to supplement the cellular network, which can enhance the spectral efficiency, extend the cov\u00aderage, and create new services.", "sentence2": "the current D2D communication only supports one-hop communication with\u00adin one cell.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3930", "sentence1": "The interaction layer is in charge of gathering information from the system's surrounding environment.", "sentence2": "information coming from the physical environment (e.g., geographical localisation), the user (e.g., user preferences), or the system's computing platform (i.e., hardware and software conditions, such as the battery status).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_67", "sentence1": "Unfortunately, uniform convergence runs into trouble while dealing with such bad datasets.", "sentence2": "as we can see from the above definition, uniform convergence demands that |L D (h S ) \u00e2\u02c6\u2019 LS (h S )| be small on all datasets in S \u00ce\u00b4 , which excludes a \u00ce\u00b4 fraction of the datasets.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2334", "sentence1": "FHT also removes duplicated and circulated traffic from the rings.", "sentence2": "the FHT approach significantly reduces redundant unicast traffic in HSR networks.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1563", "sentence1": "Based on the technology of the Internet, there are many advanced methods to keep an IoTs system connect safely with external network.", "sentence2": "these traditional technologies are not suitable for the perceptual layer of IoTs.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2172", "sentence1": "Each node has an ID that must be unique on this server.", "sentence2": "when requesting the telemetry server using a node ID, this node (and its subnodes depending on the request) is used for the response or none if this ID is unknown.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_8", "sentence1": "Unlike a conventional network where the output is the activations from the L th layer, the output of a DEQ is the equilibrium point itself.", "sentence2": "the forward evaluation could be any procedure that solves for this equilibrium point.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2526", "sentence1": "Apple maintains an app store, first introduced in July 2008, that hosts in Sep. 2014 more than 1, 300, 000 applications (apps) [28].", "sentence2": "the popularity, the high number of features and apps, as well as the large amount of sensitive and private information that are available on iOS devices make them attractive targets for attackers.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3281", "sentence1": "KumbangSec artifact assumes that security variability is implemented as a number of purposefully introduced design tactics.", "sentence2": "a security variant consists of a number of countermeasures, which are implemented as design-level tactics in the product line architecture.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_49", "sentence1": "We proceed by demonstrating how inverse stability opens up new perspectives on the optimization problem which arises in neural network training.", "sentence2": "consider a loss function on the space of continuous functions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3758", "sentence1": "For this paper, we use the definitions of test plans and test cases as defined by the IEEE [29].", "sentence2": "a test case comprises an expected value and the conditions necessary for execution.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2356", "sentence1": "The memory overhead is thus O(m).", "sentence2": "the first task of EDU is to encrypt return addresses and some bytes of the first instruction at jmp destinations. ", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2398", "sentence1": "Still, hardware design is also more challenging, simply because it is bound to interaction with physicality - which can change drastically during the lifetime of a system.", "sentence2": "a software system uses standardized interfaces to the world, which dramatically reduces possible problems and errors.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_181", "sentence1": "Transferring knowledge from other auxiliary tasks is a powerful tool for improving the learning efficiency.", "sentence2": "the usage of auxiliary tasks has been limited so far due to the difficulty in selecting and combining different auxiliary tasks.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1711", "sentence1": "The sequence of wire segments is determined based on the LP solutions in descending order.", "sentence2": "the wire segment with the biggest xi is assigned first.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1065", "sentence1": "Caesar's focus is on very small filters, which is different from a similar usage of the core property in previous work [31].", "sentence2": "our results show small filters require k hash values of an address to be different in contrast to large filters.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3783", "sentence1": "The user program first uses the functions of FDPS to do the in\u00adteraction calculation, and then updates the physical data of particles, and repeats this loop until the end of simulation.", "sentence2": "the user of FDPS does not have to write complex code for parallelization.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1462", "sentence1": "The following figures depict a dataset in which there are multiple peaks of malicious traffic, with increasing rates.", "sentence2": "in this dataset, there are seven periods, with the first period having thirty INVITEs per second, increasing in each peak by an additional ten INVITEs per second.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1461", "sentence1": "The virtualization of IP telecommunications networks provides an opportunity for deeper knowledge about security to be embedded inside such networks through a combination of real-time analysis of network behavior and the leveraging of the dynamic reconfiguration capabilities of virtualized networks.", "sentence2": "this combination of analytics and autonomics offers the potential for networks to automatically detect security threats in real-time, dynamically reconfigure themselves to protect against these threats, and automatically immunize themselves against evolving threat, reducing the response time from days to minutes.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_70", "sentence1": "Motivated by the seemingly insurmountable hurdles towards developing bounds satisfying all the above five necessary criteria, we take a step back and examine how the underlying technique of uniform convergence may itself be inherently limited in the overparameterized regime.", "sentence2": "we present examples of overparameterized linear classifiers and neural networks trained by GD (or SGD) where uniform convergence can provably fail to explain generalization.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3030", "sentence1": "The manual surf exchanges enforce that one account be used only from one IP address at a time.", "sentence2": "all the autosurf exchanges we studied allow an account to be used from multiple IP addresses simultaneously.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3540", "sentence1": "Holding a reference in two SingleTLOBs and two space maps during a GC phase nearly doubles the costs (additional 84 bytes).", "sentence2": "the majority of objects are stored in MultiTLOBs, where the costs for maintaining a TLOB can be neglected.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2563", "sentence1": "Mobile and embedded system software designer are often torn between choosing security and functionality.", "sentence2": "the se\u00adcurity of out-of-band execution environment is sensitive to rich functionality.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1573", "sentence1": "Once this is done, it is free to run Docker-packaged applications in the VM environment.", "sentence2": "there is no performance bene.t for Inter-VM Inter-Container-1Layer, which has the similar performance to the default mechanism (denoted as *-Def).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_217", "sentence1": "The practical interest of our protocol is limited by the very large size of the highly sparse eFCN.", "sentence2": "it offers interesting insights into the persistence of architectural bias under stochastic gradient dynamics.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2996", "sentence1": "SafeDSA relies on a whole frame of the received samples to perform the cyclic prefix length estimation.", "sentence2": "we are curious about how many samples are good enough for the cyclic prefix length estimation.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1230", "sentence1": "We then created another application, fpanaly.py [21], to analyze the results.", "sentence2": "we wanted to determine which probes produced the highest amount of variability in the responses.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_521", "sentence1": "Motivated by real-world applications, we assume that functions are smooth, their associated distributions have a bounded second moment, and their minimizer drifts in a bounded manner, but do not assume they are strongly convex.", "sentence2": "our assumptions hold for online Bayesian logistic regression, when the data satisfy natural regularity properties, giving a sampling algorithm with updates that are poly-logarithmic in T .", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2892", "sentence1": "These benchmarks include Web Standards Project's Acid3 [1, 32] and the Dromaeo Test Suite developed by Mozilla [10].", "sentence2": "this is not an option for us, because it would violate our main goal of not altering any code outside of Blink (to completely inherit its portability) and of introducing only low overhead so that WebCapsule can be used as an \"always on\" forensic data collection system.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2779", "sentence1": "Thus far, we assumed that name encryption (obfuscation) keys are known to all authorized consumers in U(N).", "sentence2": "this might not be the case in practice.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_632", "sentence1": "We note that the inapproximability ratio of [DLS14] is close to being tight for a natural, yet restricted, family of improper learners.", "sentence2": "our proper hardness result holds against all proper learners under a widely believed worst-case complexity assumption.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2607", "sentence1": "Recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT for short) have enhanced the efficiency of current tracking systems [6][13].", "sentence2": "these systems are now being widely deployed.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_667", "sentence1": "Differently, HER opens up a new way to learn more from failures, assigning hindsight credit to primal experiences.", "sentence2": "it is limited by only applicable when combined with off-policy algorithms [3].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_52", "sentence1": "The design of our generative model is inspired by the way humans write articles: Each word should be semantically consistent with not only its surrounding words, but also the entire paragraph/document.", "sentence2": "we assume text generation is a two-step process: A center word is first generated according to the semantics of the paragraph, and then the surrounding words are generated based on the center word's semantics 2 .", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3767", "sentence1": "Context-aware systems are characterized by their ability to interact with their external environment by monitoring information over sensors, or by controlling system states over actuators.", "sentence2": "it might be beneficial if the VPP could dynamically reconfigure its specification.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_466", "sentence1": "We clarified the relationship between the input data statistics and plateau phenomenon.", "sentence2": "it is shown that the data whose covariance matrix has small and disparsed eigenvalues tend to make the phenomenon inconspicuous, by numerically analyzing the macroscopic system.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1940", "sentence1": "V denotes a sequential operation or job, characterised by a worst-case execution time (WCET) estimation.", "sentence2": "the WCET estimation of T0 depends on the timing behaviour of T1,T2,T3 and T4.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1141", "sentence1": "Through our study, we observe that for any three consecutive WiFi bands, if the CSI phases in the first and the third channels are well compensated, they can serve as two anchors to further cali\u00adbrate the CSI phase from the second band if its phase error is not fully corrected.", "sentence2": "we can rotate the CSI phase from the second band and stop when its phase differences for the overlapped sub-carriers with other two bands are minimized.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2175", "sentence1": "Though designed specifically for minimising transmission times, SPDY also compresses and in some cases eliminates request and response HTTP headers.", "sentence2": "given that headers range in size from 200 bytes to 2 KB, its ability to reduce overall data traffic is limited [7].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1714", "sentence1": "At high operating voltages, the threshold voltage change will have little effect on (Vgs - Vt) and thus, the mobility will determine the effect of the temperature on the device speed.", "sentence2": "at low operating voltages, the threshold voltage will determine the effect of temperature.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_156", "sentence1": "Adversarial training is an effective methodology to train deep neural networks which are robust against adversarial, norm-bounded perturbations.", "sentence2": "the computational cost of adversarial training grows prohibitively as the size of the model and number of input dimensions increase.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2483", "sentence1": "Cloud application marketplaces of modern cloud infrastructures offer a new software deployment model, integrated with the cloud environment in its configuration and policies.", "sentence2": "similar to traditional software distribution which has been suffering from software piracy and reverse engineering, cloud marketplaces face the same challenges that can deter the success of the evolving ecosystem of cloud software.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1325", "sentence1": "One popular technique for flat name is Distributed Hashing Table (DHT) based approach [3-5], where multiple servers form circular linked list and the bindings are stored in the appropriate server.", "sentence2": "we will demonstrate the benefits of utilizing BFs by our prototype.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1359", "sentence1": "Based on an extensive and longitudinal traceroute dataset obtained from CAIDA, we apply LPR and find that each ISP behavior is really specific in regard to its MPLS usage.", "sentence2": "we are able to ob\u00adserve independently for each ISP the MPLS path diversity and usage, and its evolution over time.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3210", "sentence1": "Unlike the programming model in this paper, streaming based programming models are not analyzable nor do they break data dependencies to expose data parallelism like we do in this work.", "sentence2": "streaming languages can only run as fast as hardware can expose a stream.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2716", "sentence1": "This poses a threat not directly related to the sources themselves, but to the APIs to access them.", "sentence2": "an attacker can include a location provider reporting fake locations [24, 33], create a fake virtual GPS module [22], install an app providing bogus locations [14], or enable mock locations normally used for debugging purposes.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2456", "sentence1": "However, they choose ten most effective gestures for their method.", "sentence2": "two hundred trials are much enough to break their personal identification method since twenty trials for one gesture is required and there are ten gestures.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_868", "sentence1": "In this protocol, a constrained yet PUF-enabled device and a server compute the session key and authenti\u00adcate each other.", "sentence2": "the device authenticates itself by performing a zero knowledge proof on its PUFs generated secrets.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3423", "sentence1": "We start with 340 apps and unfortunately 42 apps fail to go through due to the same reason as we mentioned above.", "sentence2": "here we only show our experimental results for the rest 298 apps.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2003", "sentence1": "We logicaly divide our multi-core chip into memory islands based on the number of memory controllers.", "sentence2": "at each node we can have maximum of 2 different routers that are optimized for 2 VF pairs (e.g, node i and node i +1 in Figure 2).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1416", "sentence1": "Pro\u00adposals such as nutrition labels [24] could also help empower consumers by making them more aware of the QoS to expect and then use the information to make better choices when buying data plans.", "sentence2": "unless TRAI does not mandate some minimum QoS standards to which providers can be held accountable, or the published information is not made available to consumers easily to be able to exercise their choice in selecting providers, even these stronger regu\u00adlatory measures may arguably not yield much benefits.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3656", "sentence1": "This illegal transition was made by the two consecutive events auto-cook and function-L at the same main loop itera\u00adtion on (menu,def ault) state.", "sentence2": "the error occurs when a user presses the auto-cook button then immediately turns the function dial counter-clockwise when the oven is in the menu mode.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2963", "sentence1": "The function F is an T -secure weak white-box implementa\u00adtion of EK if it is computationally hard to obtain an equiv\u00adalent key of size less than T given full access to F .", "sentence2": "it should be computationally hard for an attacker to find any compact equivalent function which is smaller than T .", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_587", "sentence1": "A basic and representative method of this type is the gradient descent, which iteratively moves iterates along the minus gradient direction of the current iterate.", "sentence2": "gradient descent applied to machine learning problems requires to go through all training examples at each iteration, which is not efficient when the sample size is large.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2919", "sentence1": "Expectedly, the success rate should increase and we evaluate this hypothesis through a modified version of the prior experiment.", "sentence2": "we constructed a dictionary using 4 news reports [4, 15, 9, 7] from BBC News, all were writ\u00ad ten by Smitha Mundasad, a health reporter specialized in medical 7We replace the word obfuscating with obfuscation , since we could not .nd the word obfuscating in the dictionary.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1568", "sentence1": "Expanding variety of end devices connected to the Internet has introduced high demand to flexibly authenticate and grant them the necessary access to the network.", "sentence2": "it is not realistic to expect of all the end devices, including less capable and low-cost devices like sensors or embedded systems, to satisfy the requirement of integrated authentication procedure like 802.1x.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2199", "sentence1": "A smaller line size results in an increased number of evictions.", "sentence2": "canneal shows a higher number of clean evictions increasing CET .", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_839", "sentence1": "As shown in (8), sum of RTT and data traffic size in PH should be similar with RTT size in PL.", "sentence2": "in order to perform RTT/traffic based resource scheduling, the condition value Ci, which is shown in (3), should be changed as follows.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1035", "sentence1": "The delay itself is not a prob\u00adlem regarding accurate distance measurements: As long as it is known, distances can still be computed with high preci\u00adsion.", "sentence2": "a malicious prover may exploit high expected processing delays to shorten measured distance by replying early, for instance using a sophisticated receiver structure with lower receive processing delay.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1931", "sentence1": "This is important since ourtarget is to increase the reliability of the latency-sensitive L1s.In order to calculate access time, we modified CACTI source code to integrate the DARCA extra components into the design.", "sentence2": "the extra components are i) the variabletag selection logic (below tag arrays), ii) the index bit selectionlogic (before cache decoder), and iii) the extra level ofmultiplexer (below data arrays).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1472", "sentence1": "This means that the total reprogramming time of the parallel and sequential (one-by-one) methods is similar.", "sentence2": "we have restricted the number of ECUs to one per sub-network, and propose multiple ECUs reprogramming on a different sub-network when multiple ECUs are reprogrammed simultaneously in parallel.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2251", "sentence1": "While CSE preserves the cluster structure through the conversion from a proximity representation to a Euclidean vector representation (e.g., the cluster structure is preserved between E1 and P1 , between E2 and P2, and so on), the k-means cost function in the original feature space O1 would also be identical to the cost function of pairwise clustering in the proximity matrix derived using Euclidean distance P1 [19].", "sentence2": "applying k-means clustering in E1 is equivalent to applying k-means clustering in O1.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2495", "sentence1": "In 2004, Gura et al [7] published a now-classical paper in which they demonstrated that, in contrast to conventional wisdom, strong PKC is feasible for small battery-powered sensor nodes.", "sentence2": "they showed that Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) [8], when carefully implemented and optimized, is computationally less costly than was believed at that time.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2727", "sentence1": "OSN Connection Spillover: ability to later establish actual OSN connections, based on prior off-line interaction that resulted in mutual agreement to connect.", "sentence2": "it should be possible for two peers to connect via the OSN at some point when they are online, if they have decided to do so as a result of sufficient degree of commonality among their profiles, e.g., at least k shared friends.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_861", "sentence1": "Parking enforcement officers must periodically pa\u00adtrol on-street parking areas and check cars one by one to identify cars that are parked over time .", "sentence2": "the design of such a protocol must take into account constrained resources of smart objects and the mobility of drones.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_823", "sentence1": "In the last decade, many techniques and tools for available bandwidth estimation have been developed.", "sentence2": "their accuracy still remains a challenge [24].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3467", "sentence1": "The annual workshop shall form the basis for a long-term collaboration between the community members.", "sentence2": "the first workshop is conducted as an interactive discussion for the elaboration of initial ideas of how to collect evidence on the impact of agile practices.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_583", "sentence1": "Our experimental results obtained on three datasets show that this principle works.", "sentence2": "our segmentation model is competitive with supervised approaches trained on a few hundred labeled examples.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1721", "sentence1": "Furthermore, this is not the only advantage of spare mode over VS mode in high probabilities of faults.", "sentence2": "the spare mode has the extra benefit of lower power consumption (in VS mode after a hit at the extra cache a block is exchanged between the main cache and the extra one).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2474", "sentence1": "In the present snippets, we have inserted an attacker action between the two relevant defender operations.", "sentence2": "we have also identified several small changes to the POSIX API that would make it easier to write race-free code.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3972", "sentence1": "Each miner receiving a newly cre\u00adated block validates the block's integrity.", "sentence2": "it makes sure that (i) the block's SHA-2562 is indeed lower than the difficulty threshold, (ii) all transactions in it are legitimate (i.e., if all input coins are in the UTxO set and are signed by their claimed owners), and that (iii) the miner that created it has allocated the correct amount to his own wallet (i.e., the number of bitcoins offered per created block, plus the fees of all included transactions).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3788", "sentence1": "The reason is that significant pieces of HPC knowledge are indeed not prior knowledge, but highly dependent on a particular execution instance of a program running on a given environment.", "sentence2": "it is impossible to prepare a static, prebuilt, all-you-need knowledge base for HPC.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2665", "sentence1": "Issues with side channels: Under the assumptions that stackbase address randomization is not employed and that the key is not changed when restarting a program and Sovarel et al. [38] use timing side-channels to determine the key value on Intel x86 architectures.", "sentence2": "one key factor in their attack was the assumption that the remote machine is running a certain version of an Apache server, whose behavior is used as a side-channel.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_468", "sentence1": "It indicates that the plateau length and height heavily depend on \u00b51 , the input scale.", "sentence2": "as \u00b51 decreases, the plateau rapidly becomes longer and lower.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_916", "sentence1": "However, it is not intuitive to users how much they have to rotate their wrists in order to move the pointers in an intended direction, which makes them fail to reach the target.", "sentence2": "users have trouble moving a pointer in a diagonal direction, as it requires them to rotate their wrist in two axes simultaneously.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2531", "sentence1": "We only know that this occurrence frequency is smaller than f. ", "sentence2": "we take f as the upper bound for the occurrence probability of the measurement.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_74", "sentence1": "In this section we present: (i) some qualitative insights of our meta-model by showing how it is able to coherently represent a sets of tasks in its latent space, (ii) an illustration of why PROFET helps to obtain statistically meaningful results and (iii) a comparison of various methods from the literature on our new benchmark suite.", "sentence2": "we show results for the following state-of-the-art BO methods as well as two popular evolutionary algorithms: \u00e2\u20ac\u00a2 BO with Gaussian processes (BO-GP) [22].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3762", "sentence1": "This could make industry partners more likely to leave a research project before its completion.", "sentence2": "bridging from TRL level 5, validating the technology in relevant environment, to level 7, the point where industrial partners can convincingly see the developed technologies being applied in practice, requires often much more investment of the industrial partners.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_78", "sentence1": "The proof is based on constructing a finite subset of \"difficult\" functions in H k (X ).", "sentence2": "we choose f as a uniformly sampled function from a finite set {f1, . . . , fM}, where each fj is obtained by shifting a common function g \u2208 Hk(Rd) by a different amount such that each of these has a unique maximum, and then cropping to X = [0, 1].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3612", "sentence1": "We believe that if one would convert Kyoto to RCU by using the per slot locks for synchronization of writers (like we did), it would provide the same performance as with RLU.", "sentence2": "it is not clear how to even begin to convert those update operations to use RCU.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3757", "sentence1": "Perfect knowledge, sound judgement, and a consensus of opinion among the considered stakeholders are not realistic to assume.", "sentence2": "the Software Engineering literature provides pragmatic solutions and systematic approaches that, if adopted, can minimize the effect of this problem.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_897", "sentence1": "However, non-public files cannot be served from this low-trust origin when the user wants to download data from her account, because they require access to the session cookie to prove that the user is authorized to view the file.", "sentence2": "the dl-web.dropbox.com origin is used for the purpose of displaying files from the user's own Dropbox account while he is logged in.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_108", "sentence1": "We empirically evaluate our framework on the personalized pricing application with synthetic data.", "sentence2": "we use simulations to assess our estimator's ability to evaluate and optimize personalized pricing functions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2739", "sentence1": "The forensics analyst uses the collector programs to dump the contents of RAM and flash memory.", "sentence2": "those collector programs are similar to the FTK imager and LiME forensics tools in terms of provided functionality.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_481", "sentence1": "[38] performs a thorough investigation of various persistent and non-persistent, as well as convergent and non-convergent learning schemes.", "sentence2": "the emphasis is on learning proper energy function with persistent and convergent Markov chains.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2807", "sentence1": "Moreover, the VoLTE signaling and voice bearers use the same IP allocated to the VoLTE interface, and the packets for these two bearers are differentiated based on their corresponding ports.", "sentence2": "only the packets with the RTP and RTCP ports of the session ID are delivered to the voice bearer, whereas the others are to the signaling bearer.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_874", "sentence1": "However, in contrast to HyV, vRDMA uses a paravirtual communication channel to perform data operations.", "sentence2": "vRDMA cannot completely bypass the hypervisor on data operations.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2829", "sentence1": "However, this certificate lists the domain name as the subject, and therefore identifies itself as the origin.", "sentence2": "if an attacker is able to scan all IP addresses and retrieve all SSL certificates, he can find the IP addresses of hosts with certificates that are associated with the domain he is trying to expose.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1923", "sentence1": "Particularly one type of highly pessimistic margin has already burdened the traditional design flow even long before the recent rise of variability issues: the traditional synchronous design paradigm determines the operating frequency according to the worst critical path that is identified through static timing analysis under assumed worst case conditions.", "sentence2": "this critical path is not always excited, thus leading to processors that perform (much) slower than what they can theoretically achieve.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_388", "sentence1": "This indicates that when assessing social bias, the type of encoding matters determines whether the bias can be measured.", "sentence2": "contextual word representations can be used in conjunction with sentence encodings to determine bias in a given model.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1150", "sentence1": "The vast majority of service issues are rapidly detected via the network and/or application.", "sentence2": "figure 7h shows the CDF of the loss ratio of detected failures during quiet hours (i.e., low usage period) and busy hours (i.e., peak usage period).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_309", "sentence1": "We clearly observe that learned representations can be unfair, even in the setting where the target variable and the sensitive variable are independent.", "sentence2": "the total variation can reach as much as 15% 25% on five out of seven data sets.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1077", "sentence1": "Especially, in this heterogeneous network (HetNet), the interference to each user increases sharply, since the num\u00adber of entities transmitting simultaneously increases as the number of cells is increases.", "sentence2": "the enhanced intercell interference coordination (eICIC) is considered as one of key schemes to reduce interference in the HetNet.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3772", "sentence1": "For SCJ Level 1, we will mainly test the performance of this protocol as the paper has a clear description of its behavior under partitioned systems.", "sentence2": "the test cases are either Level 1 or Level 2 application programs.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1609", "sentence1": "Data locality affects the performance of locality-oblivious GC with a given implementation (i.e., GRA with a fixed d): (1) cleaning cost increases when either the active region size or the skewness increases, (2) the increase is more pronounced for a smaller window size.", "sentence2": "data locality has the most significant impact on GREEDY, but has no impact on RANDOM.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_465", "sentence1": "These indicate that the length of the plateau shortens as \u00b52 becomes large.", "sentence2": "the more the distribution of nonzero eigenvalues gets broaden, the more the plateau gets alleviated.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2411", "sentence1": "By outsourcing data to the cloud, organizations save the cost of building and maintaining a private database system and have to pay only for the services they actually use.", "sentence2": "organizations are increasingly interested in the paradigm of \"database as a service\".", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1113", "sentence1": "To investigate channel coefficient distributions in practice, we first characterise the backscatter channel of multiple tags using the SDR testbed.", "sentence2": "the WISP tags are programmed to backscatter known preambles and payloads, so we can directly iden\u00adtify the states of all the tags in each symbol cluster.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_898", "sentence1": "On the server, each parameter is considered separately in a manually configured set of complex rules to determine the virtual host that will handle the request (see Section 3 for more detail).", "sentence2": "most web servers will pick a fallback virtual host when the normal routing rules fail.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2076", "sentence1": "The need for providing com\u00admunication strategies in these challenging environments where electromagnetic waves cannot be used, has brought attention of researchers towards molecular communications.", "sentence2": "the possibility of moving very small amounts of matter inside microflu\u00adidic systems can be exploited to exchange information between micro-and nano-scale devices.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3982", "sentence1": "Vaniea et al. [40] already found that users rely on memories of previous update experiences when making future update decisions and that the duration of upgrades seems to have some impact.", "sentence2": "we wanted to better investigate the link between actual experience, memory, and future decisions.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2638", "sentence1": "Compared to Fig. 11, the average rating distribu\u00adtions of suspicious reviewers are similar in both scenarios.", "sentence2": "the suspicious reviewers reported by our tracer have the similar rating characteristics as recruited reviewers.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3278", "sentence1": "On one hand, security requirements, including high-level security goals and system level specifications, need to be realized in the design.", "sentence2": "security requirement definition relies on having the design in place: without information about the intended solutions, the threat analysis cannot fully identify possible targets of an attack [9].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2593", "sentence1": "Second, we demonstrate that the proposed access control model can be implemented using existing access control mechanisms.", "sentence2": "we show that the model can be automatically translated in XACML [33], the de facto standard for the specification and enforcement of access control policies.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3674", "sentence1": "We are not aware of any other tools that can detect those files, together with their visualizable architecture issues.", "sentence2": "this is, to our knowledge, the first time that the penalty associated with technical debt, the cost of refactoring to remove that debt, and the expected benefits of removing the debt have been quantified based on hard data project-specific empirical evidence.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_249", "sentence1": "For the case of known order of dying, we propose Algorithm 2, Hedge-Perm-Known (HPK), which is slightly different than HPU.", "sentence2": "the weight redistribution (when an expert dies) and initialization of coefficient h i,1 is different.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1598", "sentence1": "To overcome interference or signal jamming, we aim to search for an alternative beampattern that (i)maximizes the antenna gain towards the intended direction and (ii)minimizes the impact of interference.", "sentence2": "an alternative beam should have a high correlation with the currently used beampattern but different zeros to steer the antenna away from the interference direction.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3296", "sentence1": "Much higher energy and power savings are seen (up to 22% and 41% respectively) in some cases.", "sentence2": "the savings for some of the benchmarks are limited by the current implementation of the optimization, rather than the technique itself.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1625", "sentence1": "The concept of shadow registers is shown in Figure 1.", "sentence2": "both the input and output of the user register must be accessible; the input is fed into a shadow register, and the outputs of both the user and the shadow register are compared using an XOR gate.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2162", "sentence1": "Systems-of-Systems (SoS) result from associating independent, complex systems for fulfilling given missions.", "sentence2": "soS require software architectures that can cope with their dynamic, critical nature.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1891", "sentence1": "Therefore, they allow designers to explore various architectural options for different design objectives.", "sentence2": " such exploration has exponential complexity, making it practically impossible to explore the entire design space.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_394", "sentence1": "Unfortunately, this does not imply that our self-supervised technique would be guaranteed to find the same optimum: we approximate the prior distribution with a Gaussian, whereas standard supervised training corresponds to a Gaussian approximation of the posterior.", "sentence2": "a single-pixel offset at the end of each branch separates the receptive field from the center pixel.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1680", "sentence1": "Note that, when interference sources exist, all sub-carriers in the secondary data sets are with RFI while only some of the sub-carriers in the primary data sets are with RFI.", "sentence2": "the secondary data sets are worst case scenario with RFI.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_255", "sentence1": "This dataset has the constituency grammar for the sentences, which was translated to a dependency grammar using the PyStanfordDependencies library [14].", "sentence2": "we clamped the cosine similarity terms to within \u00b10.1 of the pre-training averages for same and different senses.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1602", "sentence1": "Our solution is to maintain the invariant that channels never contain more information than what is con\u00adtained in the abstract values they are paired with.", "sentence2": "at the top of the combination of domains, when we manipulate a pair (ab, chan) of an abstract value and a channel, we will make sure that \u03b3(ab) \u2286 \u03b3(chan) holds.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_755", "sentence1": "In practice, we apply neural networks to parameterize the Q-value and policy to increase expressive power.", "sentence2": "we model the regularized Q-value function Q\u03b8(s, a) and a tractable policy \u03c0\u03c8(a|s).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3120", "sentence1": "The second issue has not been considered at all in the context of remote attestation.", "sentence2": "the first issue has been noticed and progress has been made, to some extent, by Asokan et al. [4] in the design of SEDA\u2013 a technique for efficient and scalable attestation of a network of provers.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3589", "sentence1": "This is related to the work on parametric polymorphism and gradual typing [3, 28], which addresses the issue of casting an unknown function type to a parametrically polymorphic type.", "sentence2": "matthews and Ahmed [28] use runtime sealing to ensure that arguments of a polymorphic type variable are used parametrically.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2613", "sentence1": "Similarly, the CP-ABE KeyGen operation requires less than 2 s to be executed.", "sentence2": "adopting a security level of 112 or 128 bits, the time overhead imposed by CP-ABE on Android smartphone is much higher, while we argue being still usable for non-interactive applications (e.g., encrypted data to be uploaded to a cloud storage service).", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2368", "sentence1": "There is a higher likelihood of the symptoms (captured by SMART) preceding SSD failures, with an intense manifestation preventing their survivability beyond a few months.", "sentence2": "our analysis shows that these symptoms are not a sufficient indicator for diagnosing failures.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3381", "sentence1": "In this regards, they are not the same as the CPUs and therefore when we divide work across the nodes, and between the CPU and the accelerator, we need to partition such that the accelerators only require data trans\u00adfers with their hosts.", "sentence2": "the task graph for the problem is such that the tasks assigned to any accel\u00aderator have data-dependencies only with their host CPUs.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3323", "sentence1": "However, debugging deployed WSNs is challenging for several reasons - the remote location of deployed sensor nodes, the non-determinism of execution that can make it dicult to replicate a buggy run, and the limited hardware resources available on a node.", "sentence2": "existing solutions to record and replay debugging in WSNs fail to capture the complete code execution, thus negating the possibility of a faithful replay and causing a large class of bugs to go unnoticed.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2913", "sentence1": "We use a scoring mechanism to improve the success rate of matching process.", "sentence2": "algorithm 3 is leveraged to complete such process, it takes the predicted profiles as input, and then scores the similarity between the predicted profiles and the words in the dictionary with the same length.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_261", "sentence1": "Using first-order iterative algorithms for solving Eq. ( 9) enables us to effectively handle very large datasets.", "sentence2": "we implement DeepGMM using PyTorch, which efficiently provides gradients for use in our descent algorithms [30].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2899", "sentence1": "A dual-mode signature scheme consists of the algorithms (SigKGenG, SignG, EncSignG, DecSignG, VfG and also uses an encryption scheme (EncKGenG, EncG, DecG) that has the group G as message space.", "sentence2": "the algorithms working with encrypted messages or signatures also get the $ keys (epk, esk) .EncKGenG(1t ) of the encryption scheme as input.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_840", "sentence1": "In addition, since the number of unused beams is decreased as the number of the UEs increases, the performance of the MAS with dynamic beam control reduces.", "sentence2": "because of the inter-beam interference the performance of the MAS reduces as the number of beams increases.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3939", "sentence1": "World of Riders is intended to target casual players of both genders and various age groups who share attitudes of healthy lifestyle and regular exercising.", "sentence2": "given the scope of the present project, it was addressed the audience who generally support the idea that regular exercising has a positive effect on their health, but in reality experience hard times in maintaining their level of motivation and engagement in performing such physical activities on a regular basis.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3310", "sentence1": "This is quite natural as implementation of some of the functionalities such as boom kinematics requires special expertise.", "sentence2": "it is advisable that a malfunction of a single feature do not disable the whole system, only the malfunctioning features should be disabled.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1251", "sentence1": "Therefore, in NDN, security is built into contents, rather than connections between end hosts.", "sentence2": "content publishers must sign all of their contents, i.e., any content in NDN has a signature to prove its provenance and integrity.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3921", "sentence1": "A special treatment is required to handle function calls in a device statement.", "sentence2": "a function must be compiled for the accelerator in order to make it accessible inside of a parallel region.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2114", "sentence1": "Vuvuzela aims to provide point-to-point messaging between users in a way that is private in the face of a strong adversary, who can observe and tamper with the entire network and all but one of Vuvuzela's servers.", "sentence2": "finally, to not let noise affect the clarity of the graphs, we configure servers to always add exactly \u00b5 noise, rather than sampling the Laplace distribution; this produces the same average results with less variance.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1212", "sentence1": "In this topology, the wireless links between both transmitters and the relay are considered ideal, i.e. the SNR value of the frames received by the relay is very high and the frames are always decoded correctly.", "sentence2": " the SNR value of the frames received by the receiver from the relay and the two transmitters varies.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2971", "sentence1": "Lastly, Equation 16 models the migration budget such that the total number of migrations should not exceed PercentBudget of the total workloads (i.e., total number of VMs that currently have place assignments).", "sentence2": "d was scaled such that the number of epochs, hence the number of migrations, in each experiment is roughly the same for both exper\u00adiments (i.e., D = 4 min for 20 min completion time and D = 1 min for 3 4 min completion time).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1277", "sentence1": "The IEEE 802.11 standard [6] does not have collision detection, and so the protocol places more importance on avoiding collisions in the first place.", "sentence2": "when a node with a frame to send senses the medium transition from busy to idle it does not deterministically start its own transmission and instead a node waits a random backoff.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_396", "sentence1": "They are endowed with an LSH family via the Hellinger approximation.", "sentence2": "let P and Q be two different distributions on \u2126.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3885", "sentence1": "These enable non-expert\u00adprogrammers to build and maintain polished expert-like so\u00adlutions, leveraging their domain expertise to express and compute with complex models.", "sentence2": "this flexibility presents a challenge for usage validation.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3795", "sentence1": "As we can see, the times spent on calculating the throughput of an application under ISPS and SPS are similar and much shorter than the time needed for solving the ILP problem to find the application throughput under PS and the time spent on finding the maximum achievable throughput of the application, i.e., the throughput under STS.", "sentence2": "our approach outperforms PS and STS in terms of time required to calculate the throughput of an application.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1453", "sentence1": "The closest clusters to the BS have smaller sizes compared to those farther away.", "sentence2": "the amount of intracluster traffic is significantly reduced and the nearest sensor nodes to the BS consume less energy than distant sensor nodes.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3499", "sentence1": "We propose new concepts that build on those contained in ensemble-based models.", "sentence2": "we introduce the ideas of ensemble nesting, dynamic role cardinalities and ensemble fitness.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_7", "sentence1": "Importantly, we show that DEQ can directly differentiate through the fixed point equations via implicit differentation, which does not require storing any intermediate activation values.", "sentence2": "we can backpropagate through the infinite-depth network while using only constant memory, equivalent to a single layer's activations.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3826", "sentence1": "In related work, concepts for context-aware workflows have been developed [3, 28] and proved to be applicable in practice.", "sentence2": "they suffer from the drawback that modelling context-aware workflows needs exponentially many activities and branches to handle all the possible context values and combinations.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1432", "sentence1": "For brevity, we focus on each of these metrics computed over one feature, namely the source IP address.", "sentence2": "we know G is in Stream-PolyLog and we approximate G-sum in polylogarithmic space using the uni\u00adversal sketch.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_47", "sentence1": "Extending this result to deep ReLU networks requires understanding their behaviour under composition.", "sentence2": "we have ridge functions which vanish on some half space, i.e. colloquially speaking each neuron may \u201cdiscard half the information\u201d it receives from the previous layer.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1762", "sentence1": "Generally, events of cache miss or replacement or garbage collection will trigger FTL to generate flash operation instructions, which are expected to be executed by downstream Dysource controllers.", "sentence2": "the interaction between the FTL and Dysource Controller must strictly follow an interface protocol defined in Dysource Controller.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1682", "sentence1": "Therefore, we need to consider the RFI environment when training the dictionary.", "sentence2": "the most telling observation is that, for ws = 1, the classification accuracy is merely 57% but if ws = 10 is used, an accuracy of almost 90% can be obtained.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_950", "sentence1": "Due to frequency diversity, the subcarriers may have different channel gains, which makes the user selection problem more sophisticated.", "sentence2": "for each user, one subcarrier s1 may be better aligned with a Signpost direction, whereas another subcarrier s2 may be better aligned to a different direction.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3016", "sentence1": "In\u00adtuitively, the security-sensitive GPU objects are those that can be programmed by untrusted software (e.g., malicious drivers, applications) to break the confidentiality or authen\u00adticity of trusted display output, and those which can be tainted by access to other sensitive GPU objects.", "sentence2": "new hardware architectures make the trapper's overhead negligible.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3213", "sentence1": "The process ABI includes higherlevel abstractions, such as file descriptors, signals, and network sockets, whereas a VM manipulates emulated hardware abstractions, such as a virtual disk, CPU interrupts, and a virtual network card.", "sentence2": "adding VM support to a legacy OS, such as adding KVM to Linux, requires replacing the system call table with a hypercall table, the ability to trap accesses to privileged hardware, and a PC hardware model, generally running as a separate process.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1718", "sentence1": "More specifically, our approach dynamically monitors the platform and adaptively adjusts to the COP among multiple cores, using lightweight checkpointing and roll-back mechanisms adapted from Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM) for error recovery.", "sentence2": "we support two distinct types of recovery mechanisms: non-critical and critical.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3272", "sentence1": "Since the player fires slower weapons sooner than faster weapons, effectively \u201cleading\u201d the Saucer more, by the time the faster weapon is fired, the outgoing queue has cleared.", "sentence2": " when the second weapon is fired, there is no queue, so no opportunity for optimization.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2035", "sentence1": "The SEND and RECEIVE are asynchronous modules modeled by the 3VL operators R and S defined in Figure 1.", "sentence2": "in each iteration, based on the value received on E, the RECEIVE primitive may or may not receive from L, but it always sends a value on R.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2255", "sentence1": "CSE involves eigendecomposition of the proximity matrix [14].", "sentence2": "the embedded space is composed of the eigenvectors of the proximity matrix.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_596", "sentence1": "Clearly one can see that users jumped out earlier (i.e., the top 10% marked with pink) show larger L 2 -distance, thus are those with large deviation from the population's opinion and can be treated as abnormal users.", "sentence2": "users jumped out later (i.e., the bottom 10% marked with blue) tend to have smaller or even zero L 2 -distance.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1761", "sentence1": "Some high-end commercially available PCIe flash storage systems are believed to have used the synchronous interface such as Huawei ES3000 [2], which is alleged to provide up to 770K (4KB block) read IOPS performance and up to 630K (4KB block) write IOPS performance.", "sentence2": "there are few publications on design and detailed implementation of flash controllers based on source synchronous interface.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3134", "sentence1": "We remark that KEA is non-falsifiable (cf. [42]), and it is indeed a strong assumption.", "sentence2": "one can argue that non-falsifiability might be inherent for extractable hash functions, and thus L-more extractability.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1599", "sentence1": "The baseline audio features provided by DSC consist of 5 formant features and 74 covarep features. ", "sentence2": "formant features consists of first 5 formants, covarep features consists of prosodic features, voice quality features and spectral features. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3027", "sentence1": "It is easy to see that as long as the master CRS is of the perfectly sound type, the proofs that crs0/1 is an encryption of 1 will be perfect and hence the voters cannot stuff invalid ciphertexts in the virtual ballot box.", "sentence2": "as mentioned above, the EA might attempt to use a master CRS of the second type (simulatable) and then collaborate with a voter to violate integrity.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2839", "sentence1": "No other information about the log can be recovered by an adversary looking at the log's encryption.", "sentence2": "a log's encryption reveals neither the actual values on the log (other than constants occurring in the policy), nor the equality between values in non-joinable columns.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1793", "sentence1": "Interestingly, well known explicit-dataflow architectures eliminate these overheads by directly executing the data-dependence graph and eschew\u00ading instruction-precise recoverability.", "sentence2": "even after decades of research, dataflow architectures have yet to come into prominence as a solution.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3084", "sentence1": "Toward that end, we propose a scale development study to specify the components of H and I in Figure 1 and subsequently test the entire model (i.e., letters A through I in Figure 1).", "sentence2": "we propose a study aimed at specifying perception-based trust in a way that is quite novel because it is grounded in the trust requirements and perceptions of system administrators.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3154", "sentence1": "Unable to register these customers, the registration person suggested that they go and talk to their Ward Commissioners to obtain new IDs.", "sentence2": "several people reported that they had already talked to their Ward Commissioners but had failed to get new ID cards since they were not originally registered in their current Wards.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_379", "sentence1": "Metric Elicitation is a principled framework for selecting the performance metric that best reflects implicit user preferences.", "sentence2": "available strategies have so far been limited to binary classification.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1976", "sentence1": "We consider the four learning procedures listed in Table I.", "sentence2": "the BMF learning procedure is compared to the conventional learning procedure that uses as training set (a) only the late-stage real inliers, (b) a raw combination of early-stage simulation data and late-stage real inliers, and (c) only the early-stage simulation data.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1909", "sentence1": "Cell voltage increases monotonously with SoC, however.", "sentence2": "encouraged by these results, we are interested in the design of components specifically for the purpose of cell balancing.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_921", "sentence1": "To address the challenge, we design strategies to filter out color intensity change associated with interfering factors, and adapt our strategy to the current scene type.", "sentence2": "for the static scene, we leverage an audio beamforming algorithm [33, 35] to minimize the impact of interfering factors and extract the desired color inten\u00adsity change encoded with data; for the dynamic scene, we identify patterns caused by the encoded change.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2451", "sentence1": "Android applications are formed by logically separated components that mainly communicate with each other through Intents, which carry data and request the execution of a procedure to another application.", "sentence2": "the Android Intent Passing mechanisms do not provide the receiving component with any information concerning the origin of an intent, thus facilitating the creation of spoofed intents with malicious input data [1, 2].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1903", "sentence1": "Compared to the linear regression based model proposed in [13] that estimates the combined power for each core, our model is much more accurate.", "sentence2": "it can capture the workload trend, which is not possible with simpler models as shown in Fig. 2(a).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2415", "sentence1": "There are plenty of open sources towards how to use motion sensors to infer position of smartphones publicly available on many websites.", "sentence2": "for version 4.1.2 phones from 5 vendors, the success rate of transplantation attack is 75%.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3994", "sentence1": "This hybrid approach was informed by earlier findings on the design of block-based tools, including features that learners found to be useful as well as perceived drawbacks of block-based programming tools [36].", "sentence2": "this hybrid design retains features including a browsable blocks library, drag-and-drop composition, and pre-fabricated commands.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1125", "sentence1": "Hence, an LED light Li flashing at frequency fi leads to not only a global power peak (main frequency power) at frequency fi, but also small local power peaks at all the harmonics frequencies (Figure 5(c)). ", "sentence2": " if the perceived light intensity from light Li changes, it will affect not only the main frequency power at f, but also the power peaks at harmonics. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1236", "sentence1": "Immediate forwarding is likely to exhibit spatiotemporal correlation.", "sentence2": "when the delay is sufficiently large, cETX reflects the inde-e2 e4 pendence between consecutive links (i.e., no spatiotemporal correlation) where cETX still remains more accurate than ETX due to its consideration on temporal correlation.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2337", "sentence1": "If the reference count is more than two, proposed algorithm regards the page as a hot page and the page is migrated to the MRU position of DRAM [Figure 2d].", "sentence2": "clean pages on PCM are not migrated to DRAM even if its reference count is more than two because read latency of PCM is similar to that of DRAM [Figure 2e].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_182", "sentence1": "Deep reinforcement learning has enjoyed recent success in domains like games [1,2], robotic manipulation, and locomotion tasks [3,4].", "sentence2": "most of these applications are either limited to simulation or require a large number of samples collected from real-world experiences.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2437", "sentence1": "We do not constrain the attacker A in any way other than to require that it is an algorithm.", "sentence2": "the attacker may have access to any information he wants before he starts the game (see, however, the caveat in the next paragraph).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1586", "sentence1": "Without hardware modification, the WiFi signals transmitted in the pilot/null subcarrier cannot be controlled by software.", "sentence2": "if the pilot subcarriers overlap with the frequency bands of ZigBee devices, WEBee cannot work properly.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2034", "sentence1": "Existing research efforts in formal verification of asynchronous circuits have been divided into three broad camps: hazard-freedom or conformance checking, equivalence checking, and property verification.", "sentence2": "many techniques try to verify hazard-freedom/conformance of a gate-level implementation of a leaf-level CSP cell, a unique requirement to asynchronous design [10], [11].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3611", "sentence1": "This modification of the global clock using a single operation has the effect of making all the logged changes take effect at the same time.", "sentence2": "if RCU uses a single read-modify-write to switch a pointer to one copy, in RLU the single read-modify-write of the clock switches multiple object copies at once.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2678", "sentence1": "The comparison between the user's input and the reference template can be performed by adopting standard gesture recognition techniques.", "sentence2": "template-based gesture recognition algorithms, which are currently the dominant ap\u00adproach for interactive gesture recognition applications, rely on similarity measures which can be used to compare the two different gesture inputs.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_205", "sentence1": "In task (a), we are interested in how the transition model generalizes over the time steps.", "sentence2": "we provide context points only in the first 10 time-steps out of 20.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1661", "sentence1": "For example, two resilient processors can work at the same frequency, however due to process variation, one may have more timing errors than the other when running the same benchmark program.", "sentence2": "the metrics of resilient system binning are more complicated than traditional binning.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3206", "sentence1": "This problem can be difficult and error prone even for experienced programmers.", "sentence2": "there is a subtle local-versus-global issue that is a frequent cause of errors in SDN implementations.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_564", "sentence1": "Since our prediction is a column vector y, we have that y y is rank-1 and symmetric, which implies that Y is a positive semidefinite matrix.", "sentence2": "our relaxation to the combinatorial problem (3) results in the following primal formulation 2 : We will make use of the following matrix concentration inequality for our main proof.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_117", "sentence1": "For example, when managing demand to minimize costs in a power system, it is required that the operational constraints of the power grid are not violated in response to our actions (these can be formulated as linear constraints that depend on the demand).", "sentence2": "for such systems, it becomes important to develop new bandit algorithms that account for critical safety requirements.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2682", "sentence1": "Protractor performs worst of all algorithms, which seems to be due to the design of the gestures.", "sentence2": "the angles of the user's gestures are likely to vary significantly, causing Protractor difficulties in aligning them.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2103", "sentence1": "In this section, we discuss some limitations of the current design, explore some possible workarounds, and propose some future directions for improvement.", "sentence2": "the accuracy could be further improved, the wireless system could be better utilized, and interval data could be collected with periodic timestamps.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3990", "sentence1": "Professional, novice, or amateur designers, are now equipped with the means to fabricate and test ideas rapidly at a relatively low cost, and at a much earlier stage of the design process.", "sentence2": "just like any new tools, integrating digital fabrication into the design process is often a trial-and-error process such as specifying the right joints and parameters for different materials during laser cutting.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3797", "sentence1": "An important avenue of future work is to incorporate into the analysis the effects of numerical errors resulting from floating point calculations in the control code.", "sentence2": "aCSL utilizes the keywords requires and ensures to specify the preconditions and postconditions; the verification goal is to prove that postconditions are satisfied upon return if preconditions were satisfied when the function call occurred.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3931", "sentence1": "Functional Hazard Analysis is the approach that is close to the approach presented below [13].", "sentence2": "it does take a set of known functions as its starting point.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1550", "sentence1": "We are focused on the feasibility of virtualization implemented as a user-level program so that the result may work on top of a diverse mix of underlying system stacks.", "sentence2": "we are intrigued by the possibility that a specially designed P4 program itself may provide the benefits of programmable data plane virtualization by emulating other P4 programs.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2238", "sentence1": "Here, delay bounds on paths are treated in the same way as routing space constraints.", "sentence2": "delay violations are not banned but minimized simultaneously with routing congestion.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1811", "sentence1": "For example, in AT.LJ, the partitioning scheme eliminates 53% of non-blocking remote function calls compared to random partitioning (which is our baseline).", "sentence2": "in some workloads, graph partitioning shows only small performance improvement (CT.LJ) or even degrades performance (SP.LJ) over random partitioning.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1126", "sentence1": "The nice property of the FI is that the forwarders (C) are sending the symbols that the previous nodes (B) along the path have already seen.", "sentence2": "the interfering symbols are known.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2062", "sentence1": "In this paper we claim that understanding QoE in mobile devices is paramount for cellular network operators, and present the results obtained from subjective lab tests performed for popular end-user services accessed through smartphones. ", "sentence2": "we consider the following five well-known applications in mobile devices: YouTube dynamic and non-dynamic video streaming, Facebook, Google Maps (Gmaps from now on), Web browsing through Google Chrome, and WhatsApp.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3909", "sentence1": "Together with test engineers from our industrial partner, we defined one cost measure, i.e., Time Difference (TD), which represents difference in period between a time budget and execution cost for a solution, and three effectiveness measures: Mean Priority (MPR), Mean Probability (MPO) and Mean Consequence (MC).", "sentence2": "in our context, each test case has four attributes: time, priority, probability, and consequence.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3291", "sentence1": "Therefore, a performance debugging tool is needed to as\u00adsist the programmer in addressing the problem of ULCPs in their code.", "sentence2": "we propose PE R F PL AY, a replay framework to help programmers understand ULCPs in two aspects.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1335", "sentence1": "Assume an ideal synchro\u00adnization algorithm is in use and these packets arrive at the receiver at the service location simultaneously.", "sentence2": "they constructively interfere with each other to form a boosted received packet whose magnitude is twice of that of an indi\u00advidual packet.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3918", "sentence1": "Kitten distinguished itself from their prior LWKs by providing a more complete Linux-compatible user environment.", "sentence2": "with the ever growing appetite for full Unix/POSIX feature compatibility from the application side, it has become increasingly difficult to support all these features without compromising the primary goal of LWK performance.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_941", "sentence1": "More and more devices in the future, such as Google Glasses, baby monitors, and new generation of home appliances, will all desire mouse functionalities, which allow users to choose from a wide variety of options and easily click on different parts of the view.", "sentence2": "a traditional mouse, which requires a flat and smooth surface to operate, cannot satisfy many new usage scenarios.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3273", "sentence1": "On the other hand, post-mortem methods have a number of disadvantages.", "sentence2": "they are unsound, given that they may not point out every implicit communication link in a distributed system.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_297", "sentence1": "One can also see that the general structured encoder, with any \u03b1i,j (x), achieves better test loss than the super-modular structured encoder.", "sentence2": "this comes with a computational price, as the maxflow algorithm is orders of magnitude faster than CPLEX, and structured encoder with CPLEX becomes better than maxflow only in epoch 85, see Figure 3.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1256", "sentence1": "One key difference to our approach is that they use routing to locally address content: peers add known content chunks to their FIB and the consumer application performs a longest prefix match on the chunk name, which returns only the face of the local peer.", "sentence2": "our system relies mainly on forwarding: we assume that the FIB contains multiple interfaces per prefix (prefixes can be more coarse-grained than chunk-level) and let the forwarding strategy decide which one to use.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2164", "sentence1": "Second, the mediator building block describes an architec\u00adtural element that manages the interaction among heteroge\u00adneous constituents within an SoS and promotes interoperabil\u00adity.", "sentence2": "mediators not only transmit data (as connectors in traditional systems), but they are also able to process such exchanged data and to coordinate the interactions among con\u00adstituents.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2178", "sentence1": "Power gating without retention FFs will dump its state into memory, which helps eliminate logic SER during gating.", "sentence2": "power gating with retention FFs will increase SER as FFs in retention mode are more vulnerable to soft errors.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2058", "sentence1": "For the particular case of the soundscape quality estimation task, we have adopted an alternative approach (called indirect soundscape quality -ISQ): instead of direclty mapping points of the feature space to scalar estimates (typical regression), we have also implemented a meta-regression scheme. ", "sentence2": "we use the estimated levels for the three context classes as feature values in a meta-regression approach (see Figure 8).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3513", "sentence1": "Again, the MPI implementation could be made aware of TPSL mappings and make threads share buffers the same way as in a multithreaded implementation, however this would clearly require additional modifications.", "sentence2": "with the considerably increased complexity of recent HPC applications, e.g., demand for components such as in-situ analysis, elaborate monitoring and performance tools, etc., the full availability of Linux APIs has gained high importance.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_457", "sentence1": "We investigated two approaches that could enable this flexibility: factorized representations, which abstract away general aspects of a task from those prone to change, and nonparametric, memory-based approaches, which can provide a principled way of using similarity to past experiences to guide current behaviour.", "sentence2": "we combine the successor representation (SR), that factors the value of actions into expected outcomes and corresponding rewards, with evaluating task similarity through clustering the space of rewards.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1276", "sentence1": "The cluster coefficient measures the tendency of nodes to cluster on the graph.", "sentence2": "we can measure the density of connections among the neighbors in the graphs.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_747", "sentence1": "We provide methods for scaling noise in an instance-dependent way and demonstrate that they provide greater accuracy under average-case distributional assumptions.", "sentence2": "we consider the basic problem of privately estimating the mean of a real distribution from i.i.d. samples.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1770", "sentence1": "Unsupervised learning with sparse coding is widely adopted in applications of feature extraction, pattern classification, and compressive sensing.", "sentence2": "even with the state-of-the-art hardware platform of CPUs/GPUs, solving a sparse coding problem is still expensive in computation", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1511", "sentence1": "Thus, the target is detected only when its location is visited by a reliable robot.", "sentence2": "an algorithm for a parallel search with f faulty robots must make sure that any point on the line can be visited by at least f + 1 robots.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1775", "sentence1": "We further examined the devices with the largest number of discarded blocks and found that the number of blocks that are discarded is not correlated with the amount of data written to or read from flash cells (examined in Sections 4.1 and 4.2).", "sentence2": "we observe SSDs of both low and high usage across their lifetime (measured by flash cell reads and writes) that have discarded large amounts of blocks and have high failure rates.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2289", "sentence1": "We assume that the attacker can determine the amount of cycles for each execution of the hardware component.", "sentence2": "the attacker can determine the cycle in which the execution begins and ends.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2977", "sentence1": "Fast side-channel attacks, in principle, could be addressed by reducing D accordingly (i.e., for side-channel attacks capable of extracting the key in 2 3 min, we suggest D = 30 sec).", "sentence2": "decreasing D comes at a cost of performance degradation.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1587", "sentence1": "These constellation points are controlled by the source bits of the WiFi payload.", "sentence2": "source bits in a selected WiFi payload determine the QAM constellation points after the WiFi modulator.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1450", "sentence1": "Therefore, future work should replicate the experiment here con-ducted in order to increase confidence in the results.", "sentence2": "the design of the replicated experiments must face the remarked threats to validity and pitfalls.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2133", "sentence1": "This code can correct an erasure from a chip that has been marked faulty and can detect one more random error in another chip.", "sentence2": "for higher reliability, it is important that the random error in the second chip be corrected and so a stronger code is necessary.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_688", "sentence1": "For most gradient-based NAS methods, an over-parameterized super-network is constructed firstly with all candidates paths included and one superior path is selected on each edge with the other candidates removed.", "sentence2": "signals in network often contain numerous channels during forward propagation, which means that a path is not the minimum separable structure unit in network and path-level search methods [3,24,22] limit the granularity of architecture search.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1936", "sentence1": "On the other hand, in SUOR ONoC, the worst-case SNR quickly decreases with an increasing MR passing loss.", "sentence2": "the worst-case SNR is above 16dB when the passing loss is -0.001dB, but it is only above 2dB when the passing loss is -0.01dB.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_316", "sentence1": "We examine the question of when and how parametric models are most useful in reinforcement learning.", "sentence2": "we look at commonalities and differences between parametric models and experience replay.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2050", "sentence1": "The internal memory states '0 'and '1' of a CRS cell are indistinguishable at low voltages because state \u20180\u2019 as well as state \u20181\u2019 show a high resistance. ", "sentence2": "no parasitic current sneak paths can arise.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3530", "sentence1": " SpotOn generally reevaluates its decision whenever a job\u2019s state changes, e.g., due to a revocation, in order to select a new instance type and market to migrate the job.", "sentence2": "on revocation, SpotOn re-executes the greedy cost-aware policy to determine where to restore the job and the fault-tolerance mechanism to use based on the job\u2019s remaining running time.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3178", "sentence1": "Those password composition policies make users come up with new passwords in case their preferred option is disqualified.", "sentence2": "users continue to create new passwords until they have a suf\u00adficient set to fulfill most policies [8].", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_390", "sentence1": "Emerging Convolutions use \"causal masks\"  whose inverse function falls into a complete autoregressive transformation.", "sentence2": "mACOW achieves significantly more efficient inference and sampling ( \u00a74.3), due to the carefully designed masks (Figure 1).", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3836", "sentence1": "In previous work, the operating system or specialized hardware takes sole responsibility for power and energy efficiency.", "sentence2": "nRG-Loops enable applications to manage their own power and energy, resulting in more control for programmers and potentially more aggressive tradeoffs and therefore greater effciency.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3101", "sentence1": "With a user accessed domain, as the dashed graph, the DSG graph shows a large flux variation, higher AWS, with many folding point.", "sentence2": "the DSG graph of an auto-ware accessed domain has just shown a little variation, lower AWS, as the solid graph.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_565", "sentence1": "This fact combined with complementary slackness, primal and dual feasibility, entail that Y is a multiple of y y .", "sentence2": "we must have that Y = y y because Y i,i = 1.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1284", "sentence1": "[13] made a strong case for including application code in the simulation, as the complexity of firmware used in modern WSNs is increasing.", "sentence2": "to the best of our knowledge, we are the first showing the impact in terms of energy consumption of ignoring firmware runtimes in WSN simulations.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1367", "sentence1": "Along these same lines, we argue that the periodicity present in Figure 3 stems from users sending less business mail on week ends and instead relying on personal accounts provided by major providers.", "sentence2": "on weekdays between April 1 and 26, 2015, Gmail encrypted 79.8% of outbound messages, while mail servers encrypted 53.7% of incoming connections.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1869", "sentence1": "This directly contradicts the assumption, since the DMR detects all the errors that occurs in the tail of the region.", "sentence2": "if the error occurs in the DMRenabled part (i.e., tail) of Rc, the error must be detected by Rc.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2396", "sentence1": "Preprocess Heart rate data is preprocessed to reduce temporal noises caused by various physical and psychological factors.", "sentence2": "transient HR increases caused by walking activities happen to be similar to 1st HR peak, and causes incorrect recognitions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1234", "sentence1": "Based on the observations in the previous section we design cETX on top of the Gilbert Model. ", "sentence2": "this model is only capable of representing the status of a single link.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3570", "sentence1": " As Fig. 4 demonstrates, the slowdown forms almost a straight line.", "sentence2": "we build a linear regression model where x is the input data size in GB and y is the total execution time.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1470", "sentence1": "However, if the DCU owns several sub-networks, then multiple socket connections are established dynamically between the PCU and the DCU, and the PCU transmits the reprogramming data for each ECU to the different sub-networks owned by the DCU.", "sentence2": "when the PCU transmits the reprogramming data of multiple ECUs to sub\u00adnetworks owned by different DCUs, the PCU transmits the segmented reprogramming data to different DCUs according to each assigned IP number alternatively; these data transfers can then be parallelized in terms of the overall reprogramming.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2780", "sentence1": "Therefore, con\u00adsumers must provide sufficient authentication information, e.g., via an interest signature.", "sentence2": "to implement autho\u00adrized disclosure (in the presence of router caches), any en\u00adtity serving content must (a) possess the information neces\u00adsary to perform authentication and authorization checks and (b) actually verify the provided authentication information.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3325", "sentence1": "Although close-to-open semantics do not require Hare to ensure data consistency in the face of concurrent file operations, Hare must ensure its own data structures are not corrupted when multiple cores manipulate the same file.", "sentence2": "if one core is writing to a file and another core truncates that file, reusing the file\u2019s buffer cache blocks can lead to data corruption in an unrelated file, because the client library on the first core is still writing to these buffer cache blocks.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_527", "sentence1": "Since our focus is to compare the representations of the graphs, no transfer learning or multi-task learning is considered.", "sentence2": "we are comparing each task independently, which gives us 28 regression tasks and 32 classification tasks in total.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2388", "sentence1": "In this work, we presented a human activity recognition sys\u00adtem for wearable motion sensor data specialized in the error classification of ski jumping motions.", "sentence2": "we developed a multi-dimensional convo\u00adlutional network model based on the idea of a three-\u00addimensional motion image connected along the temporal, skeletal and sensor domain.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_924", "sentence1": "We obtain the noise correlation matrix R via a training process for a static scene.", "sentence2": "once the receiver detects a static scene, it buffers frames for M frame windows.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1304", "sentence1": "However, this strategy only works when the players can correctly determine who is the first player, which may not be possible in distributed applications.", "sentence2": "a player-independent strategy is desired.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2508", "sentence1": "Note that in a perfectly periodic sequence, E-Autocorrelation values as 1 indicate periodicity.", "sentence2": "since the event sequences could be noisy, choosing smaller values than 1 as peaks provides a chance for our approach to better tolerate noises and thus remain robust.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3033", "sentence1": "Table 7 presents a detailed comparison of the coverage of our seeded method to the coverage of the baseline method.", "sentence2": "comparing columns four and six shows the total number of domainkeys selected by the two methods in each category, respectively.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3369", "sentence1": "At the light of these insights, it makes sense for a developer to switch from continuations to Promises.", "sentence2": "the refactoring of existing code bases might be an operation impossible to carry manually within reasonable time.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3349", "sentence1": "From the SME's perspective, there was a feeling that expectation of the degree and level of her involvement was not clearly articulated at the outset.", "sentence2": "the responsibilities of the ECC manager (who was conducting all the requirements elicitation and design workshops) were not clarified.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2266", "sentence1": "From another side, some HLS tools generate the SystemC simulation model after synthesis is done.", "sentence2": "we can use the powerful loop transformation in PolyOpt to expose atomic tiles in the source code and transfer them to SystemC modules.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_994", "sentence1": "In the first part of the section, we expose the limitations of the graph method in Euclidean spaces.", "sentence2": "we show, in particu\u00adlar, that conflict graphs do not yield any non-trivial approx\u00adimation to the Scheduling problem in terms of the number of links n. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_265", "sentence1": "However, AEs simply learn the most informative features to minimize the reconstruction loss, and therefore cannot be considered as generative models.", "sentence2": "since they do not learn the distributional properties of the latent features [5], they cannot be used to sample new data points.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2909", "sentence1": "We manually analyzed the normal tweets classified as ma\u00adlicious by CrowdTarget (i.e., false positives).", "sentence2": "figure 5b shows the standard deviation of the retweet time distribution of the three groups.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_161", "sentence1": "The resulting model trained using LLR degrades gracefully in terms of adversarial accuracy when we increase the strength of attack, as shown in Fig 3 .", "sentence2": "fig 3a shows that, for CIFAR-10, when the attack changes from Untargeted to Multi-Targeted, the LLR's accuracy remains similar with only a 2.18% drop in accuracy.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1384", "sentence1": "Accurate Detection: The main idea underlying our diagnostic application here is as follows: Elements in the virtualization stack deliver packets to each other via intermediate buffers or function calls, and they typically use nonblocking I/O in doing so.", "sentence2": "if an element cannot write to its successor, or its target buffer is full, packets get dropped.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3729", "sentence1": "At the same time, there is a relative scarcity of empirical data about the nature of architectural change.", "sentence2": "the largest versions of these systems range between 150KSLOC and 800KSLOC.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1222", "sentence1": "endpoint congestion over a long period of time.", "sentence2": "copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3488", "sentence1": "Constraint C4 is based on these archiving events, which are provided by two different probes now, PSteel and PSteelDB.", "sentence2": "analyses [2] can be used after evolution to detect potential anomalies such as dead or false-optional features (see Table 1).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1072", "sentence1": "We also assume that the attacker knows all positions of all nodes at all times.", "sentence2": "it knows the exact positions of the verifiers at the reception of its location claims already when sending those claims.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_547", "sentence1": "While we focused on the correspondence problem between transcriptomics and electrophysiology(k = 2), we presented the technical development of k-coupled autoencoders in full generality.", "sentence2": "our method is applicable to the joint alignment of additional modalities.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2226", "sentence1": "The model uses widely-used performance metrics, such as data movement and computational throughput, to estimate execution time and relies on static and dynamic power estimates to calculate the total power draw on each participating device.", "sentence2": "the proposed model may be used to access the power-capping affects for a given application.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2063", "sentence1": " FaFNoC achieves slightly better results than FON or FTDR-H for throughput and average hopcount, whereas FTDR achieves significantly better results for those values.", "sentence2": "the existing architectures FON and FTDR-H lose a huge amount of injected flits. ", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_869", "sentence1": "The priorities are considered in regards to both the sites corresponding to each distributed active participant, and also the cameras within each site.", "sentence2": "hosseini et al [4, 3] adopted priority-based approaches towards the study of e.ciently transmitting, rendering, and displaying bulky 3D gaming information to power-limited devices given the importance of di.erent 3D objects in the gaming context.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3662", "sentence1": "WFD 2 SPF was also used to provide higher-level communication abstractions for the SPF.", "sentence2": "we introduced three communication primitives: one for sending broadcast messages, one for sending unicast messages, and an RPC-friendly primitive for sending a message and waiting for its response.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1274", "sentence1": "If the simulation scale is large and the number of terminals will not fit in the same thread block, then transmission lines can be realized using global memory.", "sentence2": "in this case the memory access latency will become extremely large, and as a result, there will be a major increase in the time needed for the simulation.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_623", "sentence1": "Inspired by Detlefsen et al. [2018], we also consider transformations T using the highly expressive diffiomorphic transformations CPAB from Freifeld et al. [2015].", "sentence2": "the naming comes from Eq. 5 and 6, where z A is respectively unconditioned and conditioned on z P .", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2185", "sentence1": "Directive-based programming models such as OpenACC [50] are proposed to ease the programming burden of specialized accelerators.", "sentence2": "the end result is Memory Accelerated Library (MEALib).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_407", "sentence1": "There are two novel components of Turbo code which led to its success: an interleaved encoder and an iterative decoder.", "sentence2": "in the canonical setting of AWGN channel, neural codes are still far from capacity-approaching performance due to the following challenges.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1545", "sentence1": "This suggests that SIMn accurately handles rate configurations using different physical layer transmis\u00adsion features.", "sentence2": "sIMn accurately calculates the transmission time of a frame (including ACK and DCF timing) for the combinations of the physical layer features shown.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3563", "sentence1": "The reason for restricting our case selection to Java projects was a limitation of the used tools for identifying extract method opportunities (see Section 4.3).", "sentence2": "the tool that we used for identifying the extract method opportunities is able of parsing only Eclipse projects.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3301", "sentence1": "Our approach, called ArCheck (Architecture Specification Checking), leverages the structure of a modern compiler to achieve architecture independence.", "sentence2": "today\u2019s compilers consist of front-ends, typically one per sourcelanguage, that translate source-code to a common intermediate representation (IR).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3933", "sentence1": "We observe that the tactics and tacticals that can be implemented in our system go beyond the LCF ones because we inherit full-backtracking from \u03bbProlog.", "sentence2": "our tactics are naturally non-deterministic, i.e. they can have multiple solutions (that are enumerated via backtracking).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2291", "sentence1": "Most typically, the number of chemical species and reactions are much smaller than the number of possible states and transitions between these states.", "sentence2": "in the stochastic chemical kinetics formalism, both the sparsity of possible transitions between the states, and more importantly, the special structure of these transitions caused by a small set of reactions, are exploited to arrive at a very compact representation for a MC that may be otherwise very unwieldy to deal with.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3250", "sentence1": "In summary the experimental data suggests that visualizing the heap graph of a running program does benefit debugging efficiency (H1) and that our mechanisms for automatic abstraction and concretization alongside the possibility to directly interact with the heap graph are indeed useful.", "sentence2": "our tool outperforms the baseline interfaces in the hard task suggesting that the utility of our mechanism increases with task difficulty.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3716", "sentence1": "Other features such as special targets, continuations, and recipe com\u00admand flags ( @ , - , and + ) are used by most.", "sentence2": "there are two flavours of variables: recursively expanded, which are evaluated as they are needed (i.e., when a reference is read), and simply expanded, which are evaluated when they are defined.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_40", "sentence1": "Every neuron n i corresponds to some subset S i of the atoms.", "sentence2": "each input neuron corresponds to a single atom.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3260", "sentence1": "The reachability problem for BMS and MMS is fixed parameter tractable, where the parameter is the number of variables.", "sentence2": "it is polynomial for BMS and MMS with fixed dimension d.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1475", "sentence1": "As micro systems and sensor technologies have advanced, with recent wireless technologies, autonomous and flexible wireless sensor networks can now be used to send or receive data between moving nodes whereby each node recognizes and measures its own sensor environment and processes data without access points (APs) or base station communication networks, which are generally used in existing infrastructure network wireless technologies.", "sentence2": "ad-hoc network technology enables direct communication between devices so that they can send or receive signals directly between two close users without passing through APs or base station communication networks, thereby effectively providing mobility between nodes compared to existing centralized network technologies.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3659", "sentence1": " Besides precision and recall, we were interested in the number of association rules required to achieve the high precision as discussed in the previous section.", "sentence2": "we wanted to know whether the number of association rules is rather constant\u2014no new rules must be learned over time\u2014or whether constant learning of new rules is required. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2339", "sentence1": "LMK does not kill the process whose oom_adj value is below zero such as system process and foreground process.", "sentence2": "the pages, which are accessed by non-critical processes, are firstly placed on PCM because non-critical processes do not need fast response time.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3879", "sentence1": "These handlers are indirectly called through event propagation mechanisms of JavaScript, where a single event can trigger multiple handlers of the ancestors of the target element [43].", "sentence2": "we capture propagated handlers and their relations with the original events.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2698", "sentence1": "For this reason, monitor needs to patch the second Binder transaction as well.", "sentence2": "monitor patches the info argument, an instance of the Ac\u00adtivityInfo class, which contains all the information on how an activity should be created.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3212", "sentence1": "Over the course of 6 assignments, students complete substantial portions of core system components, including the memory manager, scheduler, file system, shell, and network driver.", "sentence2": "jOS requires students to program x86 hardware including configuring the page tables, context switching the CPU, handling interrupts, and writing an e1000 network card driver.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2401", "sentence1": "Edit automata are similar to our approach in that they offer a black box mechanism ca\u00adpable of monitoring and/or editing the input/output behavior of pro\u00adgrams.", "sentence2": "to enforce infinite renewal properties, they have to buffer program actions  something that is undesirable for reactive programs.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3434", "sentence1": "A global scheduling mechanism was employed for load balancing, decreasing the contention and improving performance.", "sentence2": "the other is the SW2 node (of Guillimin), consisting of two Dual Intel(R) Sandy Bridge EP E5-2670 2.6 GHz CPUs, 8 cores per processor, 8 GB of memory per core, and a Non-blocking QDR InfiniBand network with 40 Gbps between nodes.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1654", "sentence1": "One can observe a significant reduction of negative slacks at the primary outputs after optimization.", "sentence2": "the number of primary outputs with negative slack reduced from 2004 to only 2 (i.e., more than 99% of reduction).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_395", "sentence1": "The approximate distribution p(x|\u00e2\u201e\u00a6 y ) allows us to now apply Bayesian reasoning to include information from y at test-time.", "sentence2": "the (unnormalized) posterior probability of the clean value x given observations of both the noisy pixel y and its context is given by Bayes' rule as follows: From this point of view, the distribution p(x|\u00e2\u201e\u00a6 y ) takes the role of the prior, encoding our beliefs on the possible xs before observing y.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2219", "sentence1": "For all experiments, our approaches and Daikon extracted the same set of invariants.", "sentence2": "from the accuracy point of view they are equivalent, while they differ from the execu\u00adtion time point of view.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_976", "sentence1": "Note that in previous works [4, 7, 8], to facilitate the analysis of coverage probability and average rate for a user occupying a given channel, it assumed a large enough user density such that the channel will always be occupied in all cells, while neglecting the fact that it actually becomes more difficult for a user to obtain a channel as the user density increases.", "sentence2": " the users may suffer from \u201cchannel outage\u201d due to the limited frequency resources (channels) in a cell. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2525", "sentence1": "To test XiOS against previous attacks, we let our malicious application de-reference the runtime address of a public API.", "sentence2": "the modify option allows the replacement of the arguments passed to an external function and public API return values.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_246", "sentence1": "Linear networks are simple since they can only represent linear transformation, but they preserve one of the most important aspects of deep neural networks, the layered structure.", "sentence2": "analysis of linear networks will be helpful for understanding nonlinear cases.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3913", "sentence1": "These algorithms use special locality-preserving hash functions, which map neighboring objects in high dimensional space into approximately neighboring objects in the low dimensional space.", "sentence2": "neighboring objects in the data set are likely to have the same hash key and therefore placed in the same bucket in a hash table.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_416", "sentence1": "Eigenvalues chosen from region H imply that the receptive field of the added output neuron also falls onto region H 1 .", "sentence2": "the problem of how output neurons are allocated to either input region is solved by calculating and sorting the eigenvalues associated with each individual input region.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_411", "sentence1": "The issue is that the batch statistics on one path should be independent of others.", "sentence2": "we need to recompute batch statistics for each single path (child networks) before each evaluation.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2605", "sentence1": "For example, Wal-Mart itself contains producers, carri\u00aders, warehouse managers, and wholesalers in a supply chain.", "sentence2": "the proposed framework extended to MA-ABE can be used.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3745", "sentence1": "Several new programming environments have been introduced recently, in order to address these issues.", "sentence2": "the OpenACC programming standard has been designed to ease the software development process for codes targeted for heterogeneous machines, helping to achieve code and performance portability.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2241", "sentence1": "Since timing requirements within a single net are usually different for different sinks, assigning all segments of a set nets on higher metal layers is not the best use of critical metal layer resources.", "sentence2": "intelligent layer assignment should not blindly assign all segments of a net to a set (a pair, for example) of higher metal layers.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1613", "sentence1": "In addition, DTR introduces new pipelined cells which may allow optimizations using retiming.", "sentence2": "according to the fault-model SET (1 , K ), no error occurs within K clock cycles after the last error.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_179", "sentence1": "Many efforts have been paid to co-embedding multiple entities for heterogeneous systems in a fully unsupervised learning procedure [24,30].", "sentence2": "to our knowledge, no model in the literature can learn embeddings for heterogeneous data with multiple entities in a semi-supervised way.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_485", "sentence1": "For both datasets, as the number of layers (hence number of parameters) increases, overfitting becomes more severe for no tying.", "sentence2": "in the above regression tasks, the performance metric is the MLL of the test data (or test MLL).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1200", "sentence1": "To address the above limitations, in this paper, we seek a dif\u00adferent approach to human identification.", "sentence2": "we examine the feasibility of using the ubiquitous light around us to recognize who we are, without requiring users to carry any on-body devices, neither using any cameras constantly monitoring users.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1386", "sentence1": "Whereas traditional dataplanes consisted just of hardware switching elements and network links connecting network end points, the advent of NFV means that we need to rethink what constitutes the data plane.", "sentence2": "it now also includes the software components shown above that are traversed within middlebox VMs.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2541", "sentence1": "The paper includes an appendix that introduces two additional protocols.", "sentence2": "the BC sets the session number i, updates nodes secret keys, and creates a session key SK with header hdr.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2343", "sentence1": "In such scenarios, a particular CL still follows the most suitable hierarchy at run-time.", "sentence2": "a CL follows a two-level hierarchy when there are multiple copies of itself; the same CL follows a three level hierarchy when there is only a single-copy in the system, thus optimizing the access in both cases.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_45", "sentence1": "A distinctive feature of these algorithms is that they are rather ad hoc in the way they deal with the structure of our problem.", "sentence2": "they cannot be seen as finding the query that splits the version space as evenly as possible, a common approach in many active learning papers (e.g., [12,25,15,16,27,24], and references therein).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1674", "sentence1": "Considering the high irregularity of wireless networks, columnstochasticity would exacerbate the phantom extrema e.ect.", "sentence2": "with random mean and variance (as compared to seven in our simulations).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3140", "sentence1": "For privacy, the situation is rather different: even an accurate privacy warning may still be dis\u00admissible depending on the user s specific privacy preferences.", "sentence2": "security is a yes or no, privacy is a spectrum.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3163", "sentence1": "Completion of connection with KOBUKI and Raspberry Run the keyop package in the victim s environment to control KOBUKI with the keyboard.", "sentence2": "we have analyzed the vulnerability of the most representative robot platform .", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2512", "sentence1": "Note that the transmit queue may become empty before finding the login packet, so we may miss the first transmit descriptor that arrives at the empty transmit queue.", "sentence2": "we insert a transmit descriptor whenever the transmit queue becomes empty until identifying the login packet.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1610", "sentence1": "Note that the design strategy of data grouping exploits data locality by eliminating the skewness within a work\u00adload.", "sentence2": "it separates a highly-skewed workload into multiple uniform workloads with no skewness so as to re\u00adduce the cleaning cost (see \u00c2\u00a75.2 for the impact of skewness).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1346", "sentence1": "ACM NetProxy [3] [4] provides transparent integration between networked applications and the ACM.", "sentence2": "as shown by experimental results obtained during a test in a field demonstration event, GM enables multiple nodes in subnetworks to benefit from NetProxy and the ACM.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2490", "sentence1": "Based on the re\u00adcent surveys [5, 14], the total number of IP blocks in a full circuit is around 80 on average.", "sentence2": "we partition each benchmark circuit into 80 blocks, where the size of each block is slightly different.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1709", "sentence1": "Besides, the fast method can get very comparable results, in terms of both wire-length and pin access values.", "sentence2": "through fast cell routing the pin access value is 2% less, the wirelength is increased 0.7%.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_711", "sentence1": "In this section, we establish the consistency of Interaction Hard Thresholding, in the standard setting where sparse recovery is established.", "sentence2": "we establish convergence results under deterministic assumptions on the data and function, including restricted strong convexity (RSC) and smoothness (RSM).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_585", "sentence1": "Note that our objective is not to generate appealing images but to learn an object segmentation function.", "sentence2": "reDO generates images that are less realistic than the ones generated by state-of-the-art GANs.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2269", "sentence1": "Second, most of these studies stay at RTL level and the accuracy of this method is limited when applied at high level (also known as behavior level), where little hardware details is available.", "sentence2": "some assumptions and predictions must be made on the hardware implementation, which limits the accuracy.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_369", "sentence1": "For instance, collaborative virtual reality applications rely on accurate pose estimation for which significant advances have been reported in recent years.", "sentence2": "recent state-of-the-art approaches use supervised learning to address pose regression and employ deep nets.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_234", "sentence1": "To further analyze the performance, we perform a pairwise comparison for each method against DTCR.", "sentence2": "we conduct the Wilcoxon signed rank test [36] to measure the significance of the difference.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2824", "sentence1": "The experiments demonstrate the scalability and general\u00adity of the proposal.", "sentence2": "the experimental analysis reports evaluations on a wide range of password strengths, and of state-of-the-art attacks on very large datasets, includ\u00ading attacks that would have been prohibitively expensive to handle with existing simulation-based approaches.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3996", "sentence1": "Core contribution barriers like Solution are obviously necessary for the modification and therefore less likely to be underestimated; thus, we operationalize the unexpected effort via the secondary contribution barriers Download, Setup, and Build. ", "sentence2": "there are no statistically significant differences for these contribution barriers.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1326", "sentence1": "The current Internet is addressing on the order of 109 nodes, whereas the number of addressable ICN objects is expected to be several orders of magnitude higher.", "sentence2": "scalability on the ever-increasing number of NDO becomes one of the most important challenges on designing NRS.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3709", "sentence1": "This modularization strategy, from both the game-template architecture and the code derivation perspectives, has substantially eased the evolution of the first version of PhyDSLinto PhyDSL-2.", "sentence2": "when we introduced the camera management and on-screen control features into PhyDSL-2, we found that (i) changes were limited to one game-template architecture component, (ii) language changes were progressively made from the impacted intermediate model, to the domain-specific language, thus modifying fewer M2M and M2T transformations, and (iii) developers experienced less severe cognitive challenges while executing maintenance tasks.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1154", "sentence1": "However, if the transmitter is a client device, the WiDrawenabled receiver may have to periodically probe the device to obtain its AoA values.", "sentence2": "wiDraw may only be able to leverage a few neighboring clients.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_984", "sentence1": "In particular, we compute average bits/sec/H z/m2 for each UHF channel and present average values of the 20 channels normalized to the achievable rate of a UHF channel that has no TV transmit\u00adters nor TV receivers.", "sentence2": "the channel switching time is defined as the duration between when the channel switching command is sent and when the new TV programming is displayed.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1663", "sentence1": "Only then (in a third step) will we be able to tackle the task of analog layout synthesis (i.e., fulfilling requirements) in a com\u00adprehensive and consistent manner.", "sentence2": "analyzing and verifying capabilities are a precondition for synthesizing [4] (Fig. 2).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3098", "sentence1": "The jnz instruction is two bytes long.", "sentence2": "we should re\u00adplace this instruction with other instructions that are also two bytes long in order to keep the other instructions at the same positions in the original code.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2992", "sentence1": "It is important to realize the PC-side program and independent Android app contain duplicate functionality of reading device information and retrieving exploits from local or remote store.", "sentence2": "as long as either one has a weak protection, the procedure can be revealed and exploits maliciously retrieved.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2240", "sentence1": "Although top metal layers are less resistive than those in lower (thin) metals, it is impossible to assign all wires to top layers.", "sentence2": "layer assignment should satisfy the capacity constraints on thick metals.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2208", "sentence1": "What is the last mile of the challenges in the designs would be on how to effectively provide an operating system a PCM storage device with a common storage-device interface, which is usually of fixed management units such as an LBA (or referred to as a sector for hard disks).", "sentence2": "the technical problem falls on how to (1) efficiently manage (i.e., allocated and deallocate) free PCM storage space and (2) map fixed-sized LBAs to variable-sized chunks when CDC is supported, so that the space utilization of PCM-based storage could be ultimately improved.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_661", "sentence1": "Our algorithm maintains an ordering of the elements seen so far.", "sentence2": "the remainder of the paper is organized as follows.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1374", "sentence1": "Thus, we iterated this approach to achieve greater coverage.", "sentence2": "we clustered the remaining unlabeled Web pages, manually inspected and labeled homogenous clusters, and performed thresholded nearest neighbor classification now with a larger set of labeled examples.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1690", "sentence1": "When multiple TSVs are present, we assume the TSV and silicon substrate are linearly elastic structures, then according to the stress superposition principle explained in multiple papers [8, ?, ?], the stress coming from several different bodies is the sum of the stress applied separately.", "sentence2": "the stress value at a certain point is the accumulative TSV-induced stress caused by each TSV: .", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_404", "sentence1": "While most previous works aim to diversify the representations, we explore the complementary direction by performing an adaptive and data-dependent regularization motivated by the empirical Bayes method.", "sentence2": "we propose to construct a matrix-variate normal prior (on weights) whose covariance matrix has a Kronecker product structure.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_162", "sentence1": "The corresponding adversarial loss is given by (x + \u00ce\u00b4).", "sentence2": "we also see similar trends in accuracy in Table 2.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1369", "sentence1": "In our scan, 414,374 Top Million domains (52% of domains with valid SMTP servers, and 64% of domains that support START-TLS) present certificates that validate against the Mozilla NSS root store [38], as detailed in Table 5.", "sentence2": "only 0.6% of domains present trusted certificates that match their domain name, while 34.2% present trusted certificates that match their MX server.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_931", "sentence1": "Not much work has been done on determining stable paths or trees that could exist for a longer time.", "sentence2": "to the best of our knowledge, there has been no work done to determine stable sequence of a communication topology that spans (i.e., connect all the SU nodes) the entire CRAHN network of SU nodes.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2215", "sentence1": "In the rest of the algorithm, the main computation is performed to examine all V-f level scalings and code changes for all ready tasks and then putting them into a maxheap.", "sentence2": "the total power consumption of a core at a V-f level and threshold voltage Vth can be written as Eq.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1048", "sentence1": "Finally, we address the second question asked at the beginning this section, evaluating the reconfiguration latency of the Blueswitch design for variable number of rules.", "sentence2": "the flow-table pipeline sends the matched output actions to per-port packet marshallers via an 1-to-N arbiter.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3074", "sentence1": "Bitansky Garg et al. and Canetti Holmgren et al. con\u00adstruct a semi-succinct garbling scheme for RAM programs, assuming non-succinct Indistinguishability Obfuscation (IO) and injective one way functions [BGL+15, CHJV15].", "sentence2": "they construct garbling schemes where the space and run\u00adtime of the garbled program are proportional to the space and runtime of the plaintext program, and where the size of the garbled program is proportional to the space complexity of the plaintext program.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_84", "sentence1": "Closest to our setting is the recent work of Lee et al.  [32], which uses implicit differentiation for quadratic programs in a final SVM layer.", "sentence2": "our formulation allows for adapting the full network for generic objectives (beyond hinge-loss), thereby allowing for wider applications.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_440", "sentence1": "Since columns in a row do not have local structure, we use fully-connected networks in generator and critic to capture all possible correlations between columns.", "sentence2": "we use two fully-connected hidden layers in both generator and critic.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2661", "sentence1": "This is likely because the control mechanism triggers more position perceptions regarding the app, including perceived fairness of the app developer, a better general attitude toward the app, more trust of the app, as well as an enhanced intention to use the app in the future.", "sentence2": "giving users actual control over their own information greatly elevated their self-agency, thereby improving their perceptions of the app, which eventually led to more installation.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1138", "sentence1": "Users which send reference signals in a given resource element gain spatial resource elements in the corresponding time and frequency coherence interval for both the uplink and downlink phases.", "sentence2": "any given reference symbol provides an estimation that is valid both for the coherence time interval, as well as a wider frequency coherence interval.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2149", "sentence1": "We argue that the overhead of reuse distance in main memory is negligible and feasible for online estimation for the following two reasons: 1) The tra.c in main memory is 40-100\u00c3\u2014 smaller than in the cache system.", "sentence2": "the estimation overhead can be drastically reduced.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2236", "sentence1": "However, we need to take into account the non-conflict constraint on a given buslet: for this, we need to ensure that at most one FU per clock cycle will drive the buslet (this will be done via tri-state buffers, enabled at the right clock cycle(s) by the datapath FSM controller) In order to ensure this, a proper scheduling algorithm is needed which minimizes the number of buslets required for such a constraint; a corresponding binding algorithm with other minimization goals and constraints is also needed.", "sentence2": "our algorithms solve a variation of the MR-LCS problem that we call MRW-LCS (minimum resources and wiring, latency constrained scheduling), and is divided into two stages: 1) Scheduling algorithm, which is itself divided into two phases: a) FDCS (Force Directed Communication Scheduling), a modified version of Force-Directed Scheduling [6], minimizes the lower-bound number of buslets implied by scheduling communications between operation nodes (the number of buslets could increase from this lower bound during binding, as we need to satisfy some extra constraints there).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_827", "sentence1": "It is because the increment using binary increase cannot avoid the collision when CWmin is small.", "sentence2": "if CW = 1, CW becomes 2 by binary increase in case of Collision/Error.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3752", "sentence1": "This identification is based on the computation of the differences between the FM before the evolution and the evolved one.", "sentence2": "it relies on a syntactic difference diff operator that takes two FMs as input and computes their differences [19].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3697", "sentence1": "Field studies, as they are defined here, are unobtrusive.", "sentence2": "they do not include any deliberate modification of the environment in which the research is conducted.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1071", "sentence1": "However, in the multiple flow tables, a final action stored in the Action Table is cascaded by the multiple middle actions of the rules.", "sentence2": "one action of a rule cannot be found in the Action Table anymore.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1842", "sentence1": "General Idea of Super Block The notion of super block, first proposed in [25], tries to exploit spatial locality in ORAM.", "sentence2": "it tries to load more than one block from the path in a single ORAM access.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_831", "sentence1": "If the Capture Probability is high, the throughout improves by parallel transmission when the collisions often occur.", "sentence2": "the modified small CW causes Collision/Capture and Parallel Transmission.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3300", "sentence1": "For each IR operator, we also specify constraints relating its input and output, and propagate these constraints on the output of an operator to its inputs.", "sentence2": "we use these constraints to generate inputs that will yield the desired output.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2774", "sentence1": "To explicitly link rules, we assign each rule a unique identifier to be used in a function-like way as part of the key name pattern, as shown on Figure 5(b).", "sentence2": " invoking such rules is similar to invoking a function: invocation substitutes the key name pattern with the data name pattern from the invoked rule, specializing it with the supplied pat-terns or references to the indexed sub-patterns.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2985", "sentence1": "In our study, 97.99% of the scripts remain mostly static: no new code is introduced in these scripts.", "sentence2": "we believe whitelisting via signatures can be as effective in preventing script injection as it has been in securing desktop application in binary form.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3855", "sentence1": "Of the 24 ratings of LondonTube, 21 exceeded the corresponding average rating of traditional tools; 2 ratings tied the corresponding average rating for traditional tools, and only 1 was lower.", "sentence2": "londonTube ratings exceeding traditional ratings outnumbered LondonTube ratings beneath traditional ratings by a ratio of 21-to-1 (Table 3).", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_591", "sentence1": "Moreover, [28,27] take a wide spectrum by considering both the social preference and individual variations simultaneously.", "sentence2": "it designs a basic linear mixed-effect model which not only can derive the common preference on population-level, but also can estimate user's preference/utility deviation in an individual-level.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3173", "sentence1": "For the same reason they did not have access to the L0 ring.", "sentence2": "the analysis tool gives the user the possibility to tune the parameter used during the analysis.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3256", "sentence1": "Not surprisingly, most modern web programming frameworks spawned over the last decade, e.g., Ruby on Rails, Django, Symphony, ASP.NET, Backbone.js, enforce some form of MVC-based design.", "sentence2": "our survey shows that these frameworks lack suitable programming abstractions which enable MVC-based design end-to-end.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1778", "sentence1": "Simulation of only the designed power system will not incorporate the behavior of SCADA systems.", "sentence2": "simultaneous combination between power systems simulation and SCADA systems simulation is required.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2246", "sentence1": "As reported by US Department of Commerce [1], counterfeit\u00ading accounts for more than 8% of global merchandise trade, which is in the trillion dollars range.", "sentence2": "counter\u00adfeit electronics are increasingly being distributed throughout the market and legitimate electronic companies miss out on about $100 billion of global revenue every year because of counterfeiting, thereby posing a severe threat to the global electronic supply chain [2].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1575", "sentence1": "The real-world wireless bridge scenario, where the WARP nodes use their antennas for Single Input and Single Output (SISO) communication.", "sentence2": "the measurement setup is shown in Fig. 9(a).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_307", "sentence1": "As a sanity check, we finally confirm by visual inspection that the adjusted metrics still measure disentanglement.", "sentence2": "we believe that these results serve as a motivation for further investigation on the practical benefits of disentangled representations, especially in the context of fairness.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3415", "sentence1": "In [5], authors claimed the first use of probabilistic model checking to perform RAM analysis of satellite systems.", "sentence2": "use of exponential distribution to model both failure and maintenance is a major limitation of their work.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2311", "sentence1": "In this work, we advocate that the concept of small-worldness should be adopted in 3D NoCs too.", "sentence2": "the vertical links in 3D NoC should enable the design of long-range shortcuts necessary for a SW network.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2324", "sentence1": "Methods such as [7], [8] skip over the noncompliant stimuli by re-seeding the LFSR to a functionally-compliant value.", "sentence2": "the methods from [12], [13] let the LFSR run autonomously, however the stimuli are corrected in real-time using a set of encoded cubes placed on-chip.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_812", "sentence1": "Secondly, the traditional context-aware access control policies may look fine-grained for traditional data files, but is not fine-grained enough for sensor data, especially because sensor data collection is context aware.", "sentence2": "the Portal app allows the smartphone user to review the sensor usage reports of all installed apps.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3435", "sentence1": "This paper explores the use of transactional memory as an alternative to conventional synchronization mechanisms for managing the pending event set in a Time Warp synchronized parallel simulator.", "sentence2": "we explore the application of Intel's hardware-based transactional memory (TSX) to manage shared access to the pending event set by the simulation threads.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_125", "sentence1": "The intuition of the approach we propose in this paper is straightforward: instead of learning a dynamics function and attempting to separately verify its stability via a Lyapunov function, we propose to jointly learn a dynamics model and Lyapunov function, where the dynamics is inherently constrained to be stable (everywhere in the state space) according to the Lyapunov function.", "sentence2": "a damped, rigid n-link pendulum\u2019s state x can be described by the angular position \u03b8i and angular velocity \u03b8i of each link i.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2725", "sentence1": "However, this message is completely de-coupled from any of A's responses.", "sentence2": "no matter what it sends, B * learns no any additional information.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1262", "sentence1": "First, our analysis is based on the simplifying assumption of a perfect allocation of IO name registrations into BF con\u00adtainers, while the actual number of BFs depends on the merging process throughout the hierarchy (see Section 3).", "sentence2": "we consider the selection of a BF configuration among the ones satisfying Equation 5 for s = S.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_647", "sentence1": "While both of the two approaches above, (a) and (b), can be used in a semi-supervised setting, cGANs of (b) provide a more natural framework for using both labeled and unlabeled data; 3 one can use the unlabeled data to learn p(x), and the labeled data to learn both p(x) and p(c|x).", "sentence2": "we focus on evaluating the second type of architectures, e.g., the auxiliary classifier GAN (ACGAN) [39].", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2009", "sentence1": "The weight of the remaining cells are calculated base on the modified error response.", "sentence2": "in recent years, advancement of convolutional compactors [4], [5] which are based on a finiteinput-response principle, have added a new dimension to scan response compaction.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1241", "sentence1": "(ii) Spatiotemporal correlation captured via data traffic in cETX naturally reflects the forwarding scheme adopted by the network.", "sentence2": "the corresponding degree of spatiotemporal correlation is captured regardless of immediate or delayed (e.g., duty cycled networks) packet forwarding.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2701", "sentence1": "Another area where Njas can enforce a fine-grained user-defined policy is related to the capability of sending text messages.", "sentence2": "the user might want to block sending text messages to a specific set of phone numbers.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2884", "sentence1": "Malware clas\u00adsi.cation aims at extracting abstract malware behavior sig\u00adnatures and identi.es a piece of malware using one or multi\u00adple signatures.", "sentence2": "program anomaly detection mod\u00adels normal behaviors and exams an entire profile to decide whether it is normal.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1038", "sentence1": "That allows an attacker to shorten the ranging result between two honest nodes.", "sentence2": "the attacks are possible due to the large integration window (128 ns) of the receiver.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_778", "sentence1": "Since only a few training images are available in the target domain, only scale and shift parameters of the batch normalization of G are updated in practice.", "sentence2": "only the and of each batch normalization layer are updated in each layer, where x is the input feature from the previous layer, and E and Var indicate the mean and variance functions, respectively.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3080", "sentence1": "To handle the full-fledged PRAM computa\u00adtion, we introduce several techniques to tackle the challenges in the parallel setting.", "sentence2": "we avoid the depen\u00addency on the number of CPUs to achieve full succinctness.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_54", "sentence1": "This is probably because negative samples are randomly sampled from the vocabulary and most of them are semantically irrelevant with the center word.", "sentence2": "their ideal embeddings should be orthogonal to the center word's embedding.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_526", "sentence1": "At iteration n, each vertex updates its latent vector by element-wise multiplying it with the sum of the latent vectors of its neighbors.", "sentence2": "at the end of iteration n, the latent vector on vertex i is the sum of the embeddings of the walks that end at i and have length n, and the sum of the all latent vectors is the embedding of the n-gram walk set (with proper scaling).", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3393", "sentence1": "Similar to the black detection problem in the Lego assembly task, detecting white paper is not as easy as looking directly at the RGB values.", "sentence2": "we use an approach similar to the board localization approach in the Lego Assistant to reliably detect the easel surface (Figure 6(b)).", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1414", "sentence1": "After developing and deploying our traffic shaping tool on the ESnet testbeds, we modified the tool so that it would only run in a monitor only capacity.", "sentence2": "it would not be able to actually shape any traffic, only monitor traffic from the user-space.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_373", "sentence1": "If both gate and cell preserve the negation then the product will not.", "sentence2": "we change the weight sharing scheme for the gates.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1907", "sentence1": "The features a designer may look for in this system may be concerning the distribution of data.", "sentence2": "which parts of the design are triggered when a package is sent to a specific destination might be of interest.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_687", "sentence1": "While this approach lets us deal with unbounded losses, naturally the statistical error guarantees are only as good as the confidence intervals available for the empirical mean deviations.", "sentence2": "strong assumptions on all of the moments of the loss are essentially unavoidable using the traditional tools espoused by B\u00e9gin et al. [3], which means the \u201cheavy-tailed\u201d regime cannot be handled, where all we assume is that a few higher-order moments are finite (say finite variance and/or finite kurtosis). ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2494", "sentence1": "Consequently, it is only possible to have a fast and complete addition law when a = -1 is a square in the underlying prime field Fp, which is the case if and only if p \u2261 1 mod 4.", "sentence2": "a MoTE curve can only be generated over a prime field Fp whose order is congruent to 1 modulo 4 [6, 16].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_958", "sentence1": "The spectrum sensing approach, which is less widely used, relies on the user devices to perform spectrum sens\u00ading.", "sentence2": "it requires the devices to be equipped with proper sensing hardware and to have enough power for sensing and signal analysis.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3482", "sentence1": "For all four metrics described below, classes with high values are more likely to be worse in the SPL quality.", "sentence2": "higher values might be an indicative of a smell affecting the SPL design.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_115", "sentence1": "On the one hand, controlling Term I, is more or less standard and closely follows previous such bounds on UCB-type algorithms (e.g., Abbasi-Yadkori et al. (2011));  see Appendix B.2 for details.", "sentence2": "controlling Term II, which we call the regret of safety is more delicate.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_476", "sentence1": "Theorem 1 (Image-based RDMM optimality conditions).", "sentence2": "regularizer values indicate effective local standard deviations of a local multi-Gaussian regularizer.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2315", "sentence1": "It needs to be clarified that since entropy production has only been experimentally proved on metals, our fatigue analysis only focuses on the TSV body and the attached landing pad.", "sentence2": "it is limited to copper.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3474", "sentence1": "OLED screens are suitable for optimizing energy consumption of GUIs in apps, because the power consumed by OLED screens depends on the combination of color levels in the screen's sub-pixels.", "sentence2": "also, by evaluating the solutions on five commercial apps, we confirmed that some project managers and developers are ready to account for GEMMA's recommendations in future app releases.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1792", "sentence1": "To enable these decisions, we keep a simple direct-mapped table of the running average times of different SEED regions.", "sentence2": "similar to dataflow architectures like WaveScalar [33], control dependencies in the original program become data dependencies. ", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_553", "sentence1": "In this study, we have demonstrated a surprising level of cross-modal predictive ability across transcriptomic and electrophysiological recordings.", "sentence2": "we showed that the transcriptomic class can be predicted with \u223c80% accuracy from electrophysiological recordings when the transcriptomic hierarchy is resolved into 15 classes, and with \u223c70% accuracy when it is resolved into 25 classes (\u03bb = 10 results).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_864", "sentence1": "Several pairing-free CL-AKA protocols [10, 9, 26, 24] have thus been proposed.", "sentence2": "most of those protocols were proved to be insecure and only two of them still remain secure: Sun s CL-AKA [24] and Yang s CL-AKA [26].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1351", "sentence1": "As discussed ear\u00adlier, periodic messages are generated after every SI.", "sentence2": "when a safety critical event occurs, an emergency message is generated which attains higher priority than periodic messages for transmission in the CCH [3].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3034", "sentence1": "In the case of email addresses, for example, 21% of domain-keys have all their values matching the rule (i.e., the ratio is 1) and over half (58%) of the domain-keys have at least 20% of their values matching the seed rule.", "sentence2": "the name domain-key shows that the vast majority (over 90%) of domain-keys that have at least one matching value have less than 10% of all their values match.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_223", "sentence1": "In this case our approximate gradient cannot guarantee a substantial decrease of f .", "sentence2": "we know that the Hessian has a substantially negative eigenvalue and therefore a direction of steep decrease of f must exist.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3604", "sentence1": "Once the music mood-mapping of a particular song is performed on a smartphone, it is updated in the centralized cloud database.", "sentence2": "redundant computation of music mood for the same song across multiple smartphones is eliminated.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1681", "sentence1": "As expected, increasing B gives a better classification accuracy.", "sentence2": "l1-weighting achieves an accuracy of 75%, 95% and 97% when using a bandwidth window B of 5 MHz, 20 MHz and 125 MHz respectively.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_607", "sentence1": "We showed that by correctly incorporating an estimate of the propensity score into the covariance kernel, one can substantially improve the precision of both the posterior mean and posterior uncertainty quantification.", "sentence2": "this makes the modified GP method highly competitive with state-of-the-art methods.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2955", "sentence1": "ASLR-GUARD can either prevent code pointer leaks or render their leaks harmless.", "sentence2": "aSLR-GUARD makes it impossible to over\u00adwrite code pointers with values that point to or will hijack the control flow to a desired address when the code pointers are dereferenced.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3811", "sentence1": "First, like our source-level fault injector, our FITL-based fault injector improves usability by supporting source-level pragmas.", "sentence2": "our FITL-based fault injector makes it easier to configure resilience studies and understand their results than when using lower-level fault injectors directly.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2685", "sentence1": "In addition to publicly available logs, Attack Resilient Public-Key Infrastructure (ARPKI) allows certificates of multiple signatures to make them attack resilient [1].", "sentence2": "we propose an alternative approach to reduce the damage of a compromised CA key by imposing multiple signatures on a certificate, especially on server certificates.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_626", "sentence1": "The time-average strategy converges to a O(\u03b7)-approximate Nash equilibrium (Cesa-Bianchi and Lugoisi [2006]).", "sentence2": "bailey and Piliouras [2018] show that the day-to-day behavior diverges away from interior Nash equilibria.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_776", "sentence1": "As shown in Figure 1(g), we divide the images into a 3 X 3 grid and linearly combine the cells with the weights w produced by a CNN conditioned on the two images.", "sentence2": "where is element-wise multiplication, and w is resized to the image size keeping the block structure.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2317", "sentence1": "According to the second law of the thermodynamics, entropy is generated when the permanent degradation is presented through an irreversible process, which leads to a monotonic increase of disorder in a system.", "sentence2": "the component of material degradation can be measured by entropy and thermodynamics energy [13], [14].", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3546", "sentence1": "Broad compatibility: ZapDroid should be usable on most Android devices, if not all.", "sentence2": " it must not be limited to working on a specific vendor\u2019s device(s) or on a particular version of Android.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_158", "sentence1": "In other words, the absolute difference between these two values, is an indicator of how linear the surface is.", "sentence2": "we consider the quantity to be a measure of how linear the surface is within a neighbourhood B( ).", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1027", "sentence1": "Note that, the pt-channel contention and transmission are proceeded concurrently and transparently with AP transmission.", "sentence2": "process for pt-channel contention and transmission should be completely collision-free for AP transmission.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2054", "sentence1": "It also uses a new congestion detection metrics for updating local congestion information and is used to set the learning rate to keep the values as updated as possible.", "sentence2": "when the switch is not congested the learning rate is set to a minimum value.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2999", "sentence1": "Furthermore, data encryption (e.g. IPsec or TLS for signaling, and sRTP for media data) should be deployed as specified in the 3GPP specifications [4, 5].", "sentence2": "even with strict binding and encryption, an adversary can still utilize tunneling since she has all permission for her phone.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3327", "sentence1": "When the file descriptor is not shared between processes (\"local\" state), the client library maintains the file descriptor offset, and can perform read and write operations without contacting the file server.", "sentence2": "if multiple processes share a file descriptor (\"shared\" state), the offset is migrated to the file server, and all read() and write() operations go through the server, to ensure consistency.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1698", "sentence1": "Yang et al. [21] used a dynamic programming algorithm to determine the locked contents in order to improve the data cache's power consumption and performance.", "sentence2": " Shen et al. [16] showed a strong correlation between data locality and an application's phase characteristics, and showed that data reuse patterns could be used to classify phases.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2000", "sentence1": "The measurements collected from attached external thermistors were used as the expected value for the skin temperature and screen temperature.", "sentence2": "we have used the CPU temperature, utilization, and frequency, as well as battery temperature collected in our log file.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2582", "sentence1": "In this paper, we describe our ReBAC implementation, discuss the system engineering lessons learnt as a result, and evaluate the experimental work we have undertaken.", "sentence2": "we compare the performance of the various authorization schemes we implemented, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of ReBAC.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2329", "sentence1": "we found that even the naaive method provided good guidance in prioritizing which CMs are better to monitor.", "sentence2": "the fatal flaw with the native method is that it can severely miscompute the probability of full coverage: under the assumption of independence, Eq.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_254", "sentence1": "We initialized a random matrix B \u2208 Rk\u21e5m, testing different values for m", "sentence2": "we find that our trained probes are able to achieve slightly improved accuracy down to m = 128.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2944", "sentence1": "It is reasonable because the same operation takes more time to complete in the Rich OS when TrustOTP is running.", "sentence2": "the performance of CPU and RAM decrease more than that of the peripherals.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_726", "sentence1": "Several papers [21][22][23] have made initial progress in defining scattering graph representation and studying their stability properties with respect to metric deformations of the domain.", "sentence2": "most of these results offer bounds that depend on the graph topology and do not hold for certain graphs or when graphs are very large.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3929", "sentence1": "Sideways composition provides a technique to avoid some of the limitations of static, single inheritance object-oriented systems where multi-dimensional composition of behavior is desirable.", "sentence2": "context-oriented programming applies sideways composition to improve modularity.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3804", "sentence1": "Nonetheless, the use of C++ data structures did present problems.", "sentence2": "in order to avoid errors for both the PGI and Cray compilers, class data members used within parallel regions needed to be copied-in to the local scope.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2376", "sentence1": "In [3], the authors use the EEG evoked potential to issue movement commands.", "sentence2": "the geometrical shape of the interface can be circular or rectangular, while the number of directions can be 4 or 8.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_89", "sentence1": "This straightforward application of the Laplace mechanism was mentioned at least by Dwork and Smith [2009] and has been widely applied since by several authors [e.g. Zhang et al., 2016, Foulds et al., 2016, Park et al., 2016, Honkela et al., 2018, Bernstein and Sheldon, 2018.", "sentence2": " Foulds et al. [2016]  show that the sufficient statistics perturbation is more efficient than OPS for models where both are applicable.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3096", "sentence1": "The main motivation of our experiments is to analyze potential risks of OMA DRM services and to suggest reasonable countermeasures to mitigate such risks.", "sentence2": "we evaluated whether DRM protection can be disabled through a case study of MelOn.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3536", "sentence1": "Next, dEst uses the weights of the linear regression from dProf to forecast upcoming cost and benefit.", "sentence2": "we do not have exact information about future objects since these are dependent upon the user's upcoming actions which are obviously not known.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2033", "sentence1": "This is simply because of the power-line switching overhead which becomes more notable when the system has to be turned off and on frequently.", "sentence2": "efficient power-gating can be applied to a unit which has the following characteristics: first, it should have a low utilization in order to have a good potential of being turned off, and second, its idleness must not be fragmented so that the power-line switching overhead remains negligible [11].", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1514", "sentence1": "Various types of application traverse the mesh network.", "sentence2": "due to mobility and its multi-hop nature, dynamic network configuration is needed to seamlessly support applications for better quality under dynamic network conditions.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_375", "sentence1": "Moreover, notice that the elements of diagonal confusions (d's) and off-diagonal confusions (c's) reflect correct and incorrect classification, respectively.", "sentence2": "according to standard practice, wlog., we focus on eliciting monotonically increasing DLPMs and monotonically decreasing LPMs in their respective arguments.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3537", "sentence1": "(2) Non-work-conserving IO schedulers become less effective in virtualized cloud envi\u00adronments.", "sentence2": "the IO latency under virtualization is much larger than that in native.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_64", "sentence1": "This called for a \"rethinking\" of conventional, algorithm-independent techniques to explain generalization.", "sentence2": "it was argued that learning-theoretic approaches must be reformed by identifying and incorporating the implicit bias/regularization of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) [6,35,30].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3547", "sentence1": "Using blockmap, a programmer can express block and cyclic data distribution [28] across MPI processes, while the debugger uses it to construct a global view of the data at runtime.", "sentence2": "languages that manage the decomposition process make it easier for the programmer both during data construction and debugging.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3967", "sentence1": "The results of the proof-of-concept empirical study, i.e., which of the afore-mentioned mappings have been identified in the explored games, are outlined in Table I.", "sentence2": "the class diagram created for this mapping consists of an abstract Game class whose member function gameloop plays the role of the template method and defines the structure of the al-gorithm that implements the game loop.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2326", "sentence1": "The addressing logic can record the status of cubes and overwrite the used cubes by new cubes that can be uploaded after all the patterns from the initial cube set have been exhausted.", "sentence2": "the cube RAM serves as a fist-in-first-out cube queue and refreshes its content as the validation process progresses.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2052", "sentence1": "In this study, spectral peak tracks (SPTs) are explored to represent the trace of the advertisement call.", "sentence2": "the time and frequency boundaries of each acoustic event are first defined by the AED method; spectral peaks are then extracted from the area of detected acoustic events.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2212", "sentence1": "This work is motivated by the demands of intelligent storage de\u00advices.", "sentence2": "we are interested in the designs of intelligent storage devices with the capability to store much more data than its original storage capacity.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2692", "sentence1": "To test the effectiveness of Njas, we first developed a simple application performing the sensitive operations that our current prototype is able to monitor and, if necessary, block.", "sentence2": "this application attempts to perform the following operations: initiate several network connec\u00adtions, access sensitive files on the SD card (such as the user s photos), send text messages to premium numbers, and ac\u00adcess the user s contact list.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1546", "sentence1": "To increase the realism of emulators, hybrid approaches using traces to simulate the physical layer and emulation for the MAC layer have also been proposed [13, 24], however these have been limited to 802.11b networks and rely on measurements of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) to simulate the physical layer.", "sentence2": "the SNR can not be used to accurately predict frame fates [9].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1026", "sentence1": "However, if the decoding process of MAC header fails, no noti.cation signal will be generated and broadcasted.", "sentence2": "the transmit\u00adter (Alice) stops transmitting and all the nodes, including clients and AP, restart the channel contention immediately.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2446", "sentence1": "However, these queries would be easily detected if they are evaluated with respect to the context they are submitted to the database.", "sentence2": "they would be detected by a DIDS which takes into account the previously submitted queries.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1337", "sentence1": "Also, a malicious FWD could collaborate with a malicious IdP and send information about the RP to the IdP, and hence, undermine privacy.", "sentence2": "for our system to provide authentication and privacy, we require that FWDs behave honestly.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1424", "sentence1": "Unfortunately, in SpaceHub, we cannot assume that the signal structure is always available (i.e., being wireless technology agnostic).", "sentence2": "we cannot acquire channel coefficients through such measurements.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_522", "sentence1": "These problems lead us to a relaxed implementation of (Obj 0 ) , bringing us possibilities to embrace a practical and a more flexible solution.", "sentence2": "the solution produced by the optimization method shows a close connection between our method and the optimal transport problem, which brings new insight into how negative transfer could be prevented across latent tasks and output tasks.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2816", "sentence1": "Recent re\u00adsearch [15, 18] has shown that those mechanisms are indeed effective in increasing password entropy.", "sentence2": "advanced attackers are still finding ways to efficiently crack such pass\u00adwords offline using various forms of hybrid attacks (marry\u00ading dictionary attacks with brute-force attacks).", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3007", "sentence1": "In contrast, full GPU virtualization has to emulate accesses to all GPU objects of the VMs scheduled to access the GPU.", "sentence2": "it has to emulate a wide variety of accesses to all GPU configuration registers7 and thus requires a large trusted code base.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2557", "sentence1": "When a node comes up on a network and wants to assign a new address, it must first validate that no other node on the local-link uses this particular address.", "sentence2": "the node should ensure that there is no duplicate of this IP address already live on the network.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2952", "sentence1": "In this section, we first introduce the SybilLimit proto\u00adcol [35], and then present our novel temporal attacks that allow an adversary to break SybilLimit s security guaran\u00adtees.", "sentence2": "we show that an adversary can eventu\u00adally register an unbounded number of Sybil identities in the SybilLimit protocol (at a single instant in time).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_559", "sentence1": "The saturating distance curves also show an effective range for \u03bb values; for \u03bb >> 0.2 (not shown), the computations eventually become more unstable, because more and more terms are assigned to the empirical distributions and the topics become too sparse complicating posterior inference.", "sentence2": "the entropies show how the topics become (on average) more sparse for increasing \u03bb.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2288", "sentence1": "We assume that the attacker can determine the amount of cycles for each execution of the hardware component.", "sentence2": "abstract Cryptographic function implementations are known to leak information about private keys through timing information.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2304", "sentence1": "For each rip-up path, it has to be decided where it should be ripped up following the objectives (B)-(E).", "sentence2": "the following algorithm was implemented: In order to achieve a rip-up of current mirrors like it would be done in a handcrafted design (see Fig. 6), current mirrors are detected by a structure recognition method [14], [15], [11].", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_598", "sentence1": "In this section, we quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed self-critical objective.", "sentence2": "we evaluate the fraction of false sensitivity where the predicted incorrect answer's sensitivity to the influential object (to which the correct answer is most sensitive) is greater than the Figure 4: Positive examples are showing that our self-critical reasoning approach prevents the incorrectly predicted answer in the UpDn baseline system from being sensitive to the most influential object.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3615", "sentence1": "Since HTM relies on hardware (CPU) to do concurrency control for local transactions, which is hard to be aborted and rolled back by software.", "sentence2": "to pre\u00adserve serializability among conflicting transactions on mul\u00adtiple nodes, we design a 2PL-like protocol to coordinate accesses to the same database records from local and re\u00admote worker threads.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3314", "sentence1": "As a consequence of following the MACRO-MICROFLOW pattern, the overall architecture design activity is driven by a business\u00adprocess-centric approach.", "sentence2": "all design constructs are related to business processes, which need to be modeled and implemented.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_328", "sentence1": "One desired property of such a probabilistic model is sharpness (or high accuracy), i.e., if possible, the model should assign the highest probability to the true tumour grade (which maybe can not be inferred from the image at hand but only by other means such as an additional immunohistochemical staining).", "sentence2": "to be able to trust the predictions the probabilities should be calibrated (or reliable) as well (DeGroot and Fienberg, 1983;Murphy and Winkler, 1977).", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1382", "sentence1": "The application usage and resulting performance in cellular net\u00adworks also indicate large diversity [47, 16, 28, 51, 44, 27].", "sentence2": "the usage pattern of applications in smart\u00adphones depends on the mobility and geographical region of users [47, 51, 52].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3828", "sentence1": "However, in our case, the interpretation must be at a higher level: in the context of the application domain.", "sentence2": "we must explain what the program does in terms of the domain concepts.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_121", "sentence1": "We introduce a simple functional called effective signal deficiency (ESD) of the covariance matrix of the predictors that predicts consistency of various variable selection methods.", "sentence2": "eSD reveals that the structure of the precision matrix plays a central role in consistency and therefore, so does the conditional independence structure of the predictors.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3484", "sentence1": "Features can be defined as modules with consistent, welldefined, independent, and combinable functions [4].", "sentence2": "(vii) Does the method have tool support?", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_447", "sentence1": "Surprisingly, we find that both generalized algorithms do not suffer from performance degradation, up to numerical constants and logarithmic factors.", "sentence2": "we conclude that there exists an RL algorithm that achieves the minimax regret bound, while acting according to greedy policies.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3409", "sentence1": "When a client is running on Azure, we see much more performance improvement because Azure disk performance is worse than AWS as we shown in Figure 2.", "sentence2": "we omit the result because there is too much performance vari\u00adance in Azure disk to be generalized.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1675", "sentence1": "Unfortunately, the gain of the darlington changes with temperature, hence, if its temperature changes, the output current and voltage rises steadily even if the bias is constant.", "sentence2": "for deterministic results, the temperature of the darlington must be kept constant when changing Vbe.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2138", "sentence1": "We also analyzed the trade-off between relaxed timing and application performance.", "sentence2": "how much does the timing have to be relaxed to regain enough yield and what is the performance cost?", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2145", "sentence1": "For accesses to non-cached data structures, the performance overhead entails the exe\u00adcution of four extra machine instructions.", "sentence2": "accesses to cached data structures incur signifcantly more overhead in some cases; e.g., when evicting a cache line.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_398", "sentence1": "All the intermediate activations were then \"re-computed\" by solving the ODE layers backwards.", "sentence2": "it has been recently shown that such an approach could lead to incorrect gradients, due both to numerical instability and also to inconsistencies that relate to optimizing infinite dimensional operators (the so called Discretize-Then-Optimize vs. Optimize-Then-Discretize issue) [9].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3073", "sentence1": "As discussed in the introduction, in applications where the memory access pattern is known not to leak sensitive information, this notion of garbling may be significantly more efficient.", "sentence2": "it preserves the efficacy of cache, for which real-world RAM programs are extensively '' ''' optimized.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2793", "sentence1": "However, establishing such a guarantee requires precise understanding of the contract between the hardware and software.", "sentence2": "it requires specify\u00ading a formal API-level semantics of SGX instructions, an adversary model, and a verification methodology (with tool support) to detect insecure use of SGX instructions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2294", "sentence1": "The intricacies in the numerical treatment of (2) arise due to the square root expression in the time-dependent diffusion part of the SDE.", "sentence2": "the possibility of the square root becoming imaginary needs to be addressed.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1410", "sentence1": "The structured overlays have been widely used in a variety of distributed systems.", "sentence2": "the structures of smallworld networks (originated in [17]) inspired several popular DHT designs, e.g., Chord [28] and Symphony [20].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1849", "sentence1": "Dynamic mapping methods can overcome the adaptability and compatibility issues that static methods face.", "sentence2": "due to the small instruction scopes and lack of speculation, current dynamic techniques fail to make the best use of routing resources in spatial architectures [10].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1607", "sentence1": "As d increases, both the impact of clustering and skewness on the cleaning cost vanishes.", "sentence2": "data locality within a workload, including both clustering and skewness, has a signi.cant impact on GREEDY, but has no impact on RANDOM.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2961", "sentence1": "Though intuitively, batching makes it harder to extract precise information from the dataset, we show that it does not always suffice.", "sentence2": "if the data is ordered by some attribute, the information about a batch will provide information conditional on values of that attribute.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3392", "sentence1": "In order to extend SecLoc to support data re-storage, we extend SecLoc as follows: 1) After the initial storage at state t0, for each time of data re-storage, we allow users to specify a new (random) state and encrypt data at this new specified state.", "sentence2": "as long as the storage stage occurs, a new state would be involved.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_471", "sentence1": "Thus, the test error rate and the adversarial error estimate (calculated based on the same test set) must be close if the test set and the model are independent, and are expected to be different in the opposite case.", "sentence2": "if the gap between the two error estimates is large, the independence hypothesis (i.e., that the model and the test set are independent) is dubious and will be rejected.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2546", "sentence1": "Davi et al. [18] conduct a systematic security analysis of the recently proposed CFI solutions including kBouncer [40], ROPecker [13], CFI for COTS binaries [58], ROPGuard [23], and Microsofts\u2019 EMET tool [36].", "sentence2": "they derive a combined CFI policy that, for each type of indirect indirect branch and behavioral heuristic (e.g., the number of instruction executed between two indirect branches), uses the most restrictive setting among the aforementioned policies.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2244", "sentence1": "(Note that the previous power-aware clock tree synthesis algorithms (e.g., [13]) performed SPICE level simulation.", "sentence2": "they considered skew values only.)", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2911", "sentence1": "The only modification needed is to commit on all the commitments of the input labels using a trapdoor commitment, so that in the simulation in case P1 is corrupted, the simulator could change the commitments on the input labels after it learns P1\u2019s input. ", "sentence2": "(Note that once we model H as a random oracle, we can also use it as the statistically-hiding extractable commitment.)", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3641", "sentence1": "However, due to undecidability of FOL, an automated theorem prover is not guaranteed to come up with a solution every time, and sometimes it may time-out without providing a conclusive result.", "sentence2": "actions that have loops in them are hardest to check automatically.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1874", "sentence1": "Therefore, the error is to be identified by the sensor-based detector before the tail of Rc finishes.", "sentence2": "it is impossible for the error to escape from Rc.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2654", "sentence1": "Today, the scheduler has limited insights into the opera\u00adtion of the applications that it is scheduling, and detailed software-based analysis of programs may be prohibitively expensive.", "sentence2": "a scheduler has to make best-effort deci\u00adsions about how to schedule applications.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1595", "sentence1": "We believe that a similar integration will be necessary in order for VLC to take off and, accordingly, the packaging and integration of VLC hardware within luminaires and wireless devices is a key challenge that needs to be addressed.", "sentence2": "such integration and product readiness will force design decisions that are less expensive, less complex, and more robust \u2013 likely at the expense of overall communications performance.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_833", "sentence1": "In the past, several schemes have been proposed to reduce the broadcast storm problem.", "sentence2": "they have been only validated using simple scenarios such as a highway (several lanes, without crossroads) [5,6], or with the help of road side units [7].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2274", "sentence1": "Fifth, we demonstrate how the visualization tool can be used to assist architects to better design the system by a case study for the NUCA design.", "sentence2": "the GAM maintains a resource table to track the available hardware accelerators (or accelerator building blocks, i.e., ABBs), and the waiting time of those that are currently in use.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2285", "sentence1": "This allows us to say that for a greater value of the mean mutual information we will see a greater mean success rate indicating greater information leakage.", "sentence2": "both success rate and mutual information are able to describe timing leakage for cryptographic hardware architectures.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1206", "sentence1": "The pendula are custom designed wooden devices operated via servo motors, which we will operate using our Z1/TelosB nodes.", "sentence2": "time synchronization provides the basis for several appli\u00adcations in wireless sensor networks but the limited memory and computational power, and the use of low precision oscil\u00adlators make the task of time synchronization non-trivial.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1319", "sentence1": "In CCN, hierarchically structured names are used to simplify the name space management and aggregation similar to IP.", "sentence2": "iP addresses reveal the physical domain relationships while the hierarchical names cannot.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_178", "sentence1": "More recently, a semi-supervised deep generative model for attributed network embedding has been proposed [14], which applies the generative adversarial nets (GANs) to generates fake samples in low-density areas in networks and leverages clustering property to help classification.", "sentence2": "it still learns embeddings for nodes only.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2373", "sentence1": "TrDSE is much more efficient than PSM and EAC to achieve a similar prediction performance, as TrDSE only needs less than one fifth simulations of PSM and one third simulations of EAC.", "sentence2": "trDSE could dramatically reduce the simulation time in DSE.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1151", "sentence1": "Moreover, approximated users' location could be used to localize geographical location of a failure to benefit root cause analysis.", "sentence2": "as shown in Figure 6, ABSENCE consists of four components: historical usage retrieval, hourly usage retrieval, time series processing and user location profile retrieval.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1627", "sentence1": "Another area that we would like to pursue is to explore ways to effectively insert the violation detector (XOR) logic which compares the value in the user register with the shadow register.", "sentence2": "this detection logic (and any downstream infrastructure) has the freedom to be placed anywhere on the device, as long as it does not extend Tcrit ; however, because this operation is a pairwise reduction (i.e.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3211", "sentence1": "In this section we describe how to run k-SFTs on data-parallel hardware.", "sentence2": "we demonstrate an end to end compilation of k-SFTs to a data parallel version capable of exploiting multiple cores via threads.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2795", "sentence1": "Finally, the real-time response can be used as a liveness indicator in the assumption that legitimate users can interact with the system in real time while it is difficult for fake faces to do so.", "sentence2": "eye blink and head rotation are two typical real-time response based liveness indicators which have been used in popular face authentication systems such as Google's FaceUnlock [16].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1960", "sentence1": "As W or S shrinks, the read latency becomes larger due to larger wire resistance (inset).", "sentence2": "we investigate the effect of synaptic device\u2019s on-state resistance (RON) that stands for the maximum D value.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1492", "sentence1": "A key property of the algorithms discussed so far is that each chosen rule along with its mixed (cover or dependent) set can be added/removed from the TCAM independently of the rest of the rules.", "sentence2": "the mixed-sets for any two rules are easily composable and decomposable.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1478", "sentence1": "The state I and state B denote the channel conditions, and p is the transition probability from state I to state B.", "sentence2": "q represents the transition probability from State B to State I.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1660", "sentence1": "As is shown in Figure 5(a), when FFi is adjacent to less than 3 FFs, FFi will attract more FFs to form a cluster of size 4; when there are more than 3 neighbors, FFi will repel the extra FFs.", "sentence2": "it guarantees the maximization of 4-bit clusters number.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3064", "sentence1": "Nowadays, the XACML (eXtensible Access Control Markup Language) [1] has become the de facto standard in the context of access control systems.", "sentence2": "the second row reports the name of mutation operators, the first column the Sun PDP classes involved in the experiment while in each table entry there is the obtained mutation score (the dash indicates that the mutation operator is not applicable to the Sun PDP class).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_439", "sentence1": "This problem is reminiscent of the \"class imbalance\" problem in discriminatory modeling -the challenge however is exacerbated since there is not a single column to balance and the real data distribution should be kept intact.", "sentence2": "the goal is to resample efficiently in a way that all the categories from discrete attributes are sampled evenly (but not necessary uniformly) during the training process, and to recover the (not-resampled) real data distribution during test.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_44", "sentence1": "Given T , a bottom-up path is any path connecting a node with one of its ancestors in T .", "sentence2": "we call a backbone path any bottom up path having maximal length.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2229", "sentence1": "Consequently, signals selected to optimize SRR do not necessarily facilitate debug.", "sentence2": "sRR is not useful for signal selection for designs with the following features.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_766", "sentence1": "Hoeffding's inequality [10] or empirical Bernstein's inequality [14], to find a valid threshold h\u03b1(yn).", "sentence2": "they are not data-dependent and only use the tail information, rather than fully exploit the whole distribution knowledge.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1967", "sentence1": "Thermal modeling and dynamic thermal management have received significant attention due to increased power densities and reliability implications of temperature.", "sentence2": "poor performance of reactive approaches led researchers to develop compact thermal models [7, 9] and thermal prediction techniques [8, 10, 11] which can be used in pro-active thermal management methods.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2738", "sentence1": "We observe a range of qualitative strategic behaviors, which vary in clear patterns across envi\u00adronmental conditions.", "sentence2": "we find that the efficacy of deterrent defense is critically sensitive to detection capa\u00adbility, and in the absence of perfect detection the defender is often driven to proactive moving-target actions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1043", "sentence1": "As a network module in Linux, tc does not reference Linux kernel's time as the way user application does.", "sentence2": "tc is transparent to our virtual time system.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2485", "sentence1": "Our binary rewriter enforces the same set of rules as Native Client (NaCl) [38, 48].", "sentence2": "instruc\u00ad tions are grouped into equal-sized bundles (16 bytes), and indirect branch instructions such as indirect call and return must target the boundary of a bundle.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2073", "sentence1": "In [9], we found different approaches to provide autonomic behavior to WSNs, but they are just in preliminary stages and have still several open issues.", "sentence2": "we noticed a lack of well-defined reference architecture designs to support the autonomy of WSN.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3792", "sentence1": "Standard tiling does not impose any constraint on tile sizes along spatial dimensions as a function of the time tile size.", "sentence2": "standard tiles may be compacted to a much smaller size to compensate for the larger tile sizes required by split-tiled dimensions.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2737", "sentence1": "In figure 1, we show a snippet of output from our server s start up.", "sentence2": "using a statically configured key brings with it a number of issues, including insecurity and the inability to scale.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_174", "sentence1": "The activity of sensory neurons is noisy -a central goal of systems neuroscience has therefore been to devise probabilistic models that allow to model the stimulus-response relationship of such neurons while capturing their variability [1].", "sentence2": "linear-nonlinear (LN) models and their generalizations have been used extensively to describe neural activity in the retina [2,3].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1207", "sentence1": "The initial trust establishment, or Device Pairing, cannot rely on physical interactions between unfamiliar de\u00advice holders.", "sentence2": "such a receipt is, and only is, verifiable to A, B and BS using their private keys, while the obfuscated feedback is verifiable to the receiver without revealing its actual value.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2383", "sentence1": "The scheduling methods in distributed systems aims to share the load on different processors and enhance their utilization while reducing the total task execution time.", "sentence2": "task scheduling is identified as combinatorial optimization problems which could increase the performance of the system.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_904", "sentence1": "As we observe from the plot, when apps react to firewall-timer, and when firewall-timer is set to a high value, it substantially reduces signaling per minute for most of the apps.", "sentence2": "for apps having long-lived background connections such as Skype and Facebook, a high value of firewall timeout reduces the signaling overhead by more than a factor of 4.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1014", "sentence1": "Since there is no other algorithm implementation to be compared, our evaluation consists of the calculation of the frequency that each vehicle changed its state during the simulation.", "sentence2": "we calculate the times that the vehicles join, leave or merge with other vehicles tested in different transmission range scenarios and with varying number of vehicles.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1902", "sentence1": "Beside the micro-models themselves, it is a challenge to select and frequently access the performance counters that are required to feed the micro-models.", "sentence2": "the access is a very demanding task, as various SPRs (here: 31) need to be accessed at almost the same time (to make sure that the gathered data is correlated).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2110", "sentence1": "Vuvuzela aims to provide point-to-point messaging between users in a way that is private in the face of a strong adversary, who can observe and tamper with the entire network and all but one of Vuvuzela's servers.", "sentence2": "an adversary should not be able to distinguish between a scenario where two particular users are communicating, and a scenario where they are not, even after interfering with the system.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1606", "sentence1": "We use d to denote an implementation of a GC algorithm when the context is clear.", "sentence2": "if d = 1, then GRA always selects the sealed block containing the smallest number of valid pages for GC, and we call it the GREEDY algorithm.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1887", "sentence1": "Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have some of the advantages of hardware accelerators and are also programmable [3].", "sentence2": "their fine-grain reconfigurability incurs a very high cost in terms of energy efficiency [4].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_77", "sentence1": "In this paper, we assume smoothness for f induced by the structure of a kernel on X .", "sentence2": "we make the standard assumption of a p.s.d. kernel k : X \u00d7 X \u2192 R such that k(x, x) \u2264 1 for all x \u2208 X , and f being an element of the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) Hk(X ) of smooth real valued functions on X .", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_855", "sentence1": "In the 0-1 knapsack problem, we are replacing the variables v with p and w with b to avoid confusion with our defined variables.", "sentence2": "our instance of 0-1 knapsack is defined as following: there are n items xl such that l \u2208 [1, n] and xl = 1 if the item is chosen and 0 otherwise.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2316", "sentence1": "In the simulations, we also discover that the rate of entropy production increase in the landing pad and the TSV body through cycles remain the same.", "sentence2": "single cycle modeling is sufficient for TSV fatigue analysis using entropy production, which will be used in the remaining of the paper.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3496", "sentence1": "The element behavior is identified through its tag name, its HTML attributes and its JS properties.", "sentence2": "we check the properties that can alter the static behavior of an HTML element, e.g., event listeners, and the HTML5 attributes that identify the role of an element, e.g., \"role\".", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1160", "sentence1": "Thereby, MPTCP follows the end-to-end principle and does not require changes to the network or the application, i.e., an MPTCP connection appears like a regular TCP connection to the network.", "sentence2": "many approaches, such as Mobile IP [5] and application layer solutions, were proposed, but are not widely used.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_153", "sentence1": "Default parameter is set as: \u03b4  = 0.1.", "sentence2": "directly using such indicator without double test, the indicator may be positively biased.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2084", "sentence1": "In this paper, an experimental framework for studying and measuring LTE and LTE-A is presented, consisting of high-end laboratory equipment and software tools.", "sentence2": "an arbitrary signal generator is exploited i.e., the Le Croy 1102D together with the ArbStudio software, providing two channels necessary for MIMO.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1193", "sentence1": "The multiple scattering helps the detection of the symbols due to higher bit energy at the receiver.", "sentence2": "this exposes the system to potential ISI if the symbol separation is not sufficiently large.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1512", "sentence1": "Thanks to the redundancy, only a subset of the coded chunks is required for reconstructing the original (uncoded) packet.", "sentence2": "packets may be read even when only a part of their chunks is available to read without contention.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3961", "sentence1": "Dewey also defined an experience as a balance between doing and undergoing [9].", "sentence2": "experience is not something we receive passively but participate in the construction of it.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_884", "sentence1": "In some sense, Halma actually augments amplitude modulation on legacy ZigBee by lever\u00adaging the symbol amplitude variation naturally provided by negligible compared with the switching period in Halma (8 samples or 4 \u00c2\u00b5s for ZigBee).", "sentence2": "halma's fine\u00adgrained, sub-symbol-level antenna switching mechanism is feasible in practice.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2371", "sentence1": "The off-line training cost is very high.", "sentence2": "they require a large number of training data of each previous program (e.g. Khan et al. [9], Guo et al. [12] and Dubach et al. [10, 11] require 1000, 500 and 512 training instances of each prior program, respectively).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1079", "sentence1": "Western Europe sees low distances appearing in a small band.", "sentence2": "korea and Taiwan are significant in having the smallest distances.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3958", "sentence1": "We thus argue that RPython is a more friendly VM development platform for novices than Slang/VMMaker.", "sentence2": "many optimizations and platform interfaces can be developed using high-level RPython application programming interfaces (APIs).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2060", "sentence1": "The idea of projection-based denoising is not new and it has been effectively applied in image denoising, see e.g., [7] and [3].", "sentence2": "to the best of our knowledge it has not been utilized in denoising PSG data streams which are extremely heterogeneous.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1710", "sentence1": "Due to the unidirectional shapes of MOL and Metal-1 layers, the patterns are SADP friendly.", "sentence2": "the line-space array decomposition can be applied to SADP with trim masks, with tight control on overlay and wafer-print artifacts.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2573", "sentence1": "In this section we provide background information on log-based PKI proposals for readers.", "sentence2": "we describe the parties in these proposals and provide an overview of the general log-based approach.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3670", "sentence1": "These criteria are even more essential in a context whereby the safety-critical system under analysis is being developed in an incremental manner and that formal proof is used as a means to ensure non-regression.", "sentence2": "any counterexample generated from a failed proof attempt can also be simulated on the model for debugging purposes.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_319", "sentence1": "It is an ideal case to obtain linear speedup, using K \u00d7 machines to achieve K \u00d7 speedup regarding time.", "sentence2": "it is impossible to achieve even for data parallelism.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2857", "sentence1": "When we merge all benchmark's results, about 30% of indirect branch targets are activated in total, slightly more than the result triggered by Octane 2.", "sentence2": "as can be seen, the address activation shows steep growth even at the end; on the other hand, it does not activate more target addresses com\u00adpared to other input data sets, which trigger similar ECFG growth as 400.perlbench.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_397", "sentence1": "Other examples are time series distributions, content of documents, or images that can be represented as histograms.", "sentence2": "analysis of similarities in time series distributions or documents can be used in the context of attacks, and spam detection.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_563", "sentence1": "In contrast to (Globerson et al. 2015, Foster et al. 2018), we study the sufficient conditions for exact recovery in polynomial time, and provide high probability results for general families of undirected connected graphs, which we consider to be a novel result to the best of our knowledge.", "sentence2": "we show that weak-expander graphs (e.g., grids) can be exactly recovered by adding small perturbations (edges coming from the Erdos-R\u00e9nyi model with small probability).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_166", "sentence1": "The data generated by \u00c2\u00b5 is significantly different from any meaningful policy in those tasks.", "sentence2": "this setting exhibits a high degree of off-policyness.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3420", "sentence1": "Similarly, a distance 1 occurs in the case that there is only a single undecoded neighbor, which can then be recov\u00adered uniquely.", "sentence2": "a distance of 0 or 1 provides information about the recovery of neighbors that are part of a received linear combination, and thus they can be viewed as an ACK on a group of symbols (i.e., neighbors of the linear equation).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1572", "sentence1": "To calculate width, we must find the smallest set of colors such that at least one color in the set will occur on every possible attack path.", "sentence2": "layer i contains all the nodes that are distance i from the set of attacking nodes.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2239", "sentence1": "To calculate the down stream capacitance for each si, we traverse the net tree from sinks to source in a bottom-up manner.", "sentence2": "the down stream capacitance of the source segment, i.e. the segment connected with the driver pin, should be calculated after all the other segments have obtained their down stream capacitances.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3416", "sentence1": "Open initiatives like openSCAD [16] and openJSCAD [21] are gaining footholds within the scripted-CAD community. ", "sentence2": "these tools allow programmers to produce end-user interfaces for customizing models which allow users to alter features such as width, curves, or text.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1015", "sentence1": "The network topology and the choice of parameters for the benchmark models are motivated by the considerations in previous work [5].", "sentence2": "to isolate the true simulator performance metrics from network model effects such as routing and congestion, we consider network traffic between nearest neighbor nodes only", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2087", "sentence1": "In Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Ubiquitous computing (UbiComp '07) (pp.", "sentence2": "note that for the same container, the impulse response differs for the different content levels.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_430", "sentence1": "This derivation demonstrates that the solution to the variational problem described in Section 2, under the assumption of a Gaussian model for the evolution of gradients, recovers mirror descent and SGD.", "sentence2": "the martingale gradient model proposed in this section can be roughly interpreted as assuming that gradients behave as random walks over the path of the optimizer.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3078", "sentence1": "The client would want both storage and computation required for secure delegation to be significantly less than the actual data and computation.", "sentence2": "the server, who is actually storing the data and performing the computation, would like to operate on the (private) data as a PRAM program, and not to perform too much work when compared to computation on the plaintext data.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2159", "sentence1": "Identification and definition of guidelines for manual composition of convergent services are problems that have been investigated for years [18]; more recently, automation of different phases of convergent composition has been actively researched.", "sentence2": "we have developed a framework called AUTO [3][4][5], which aims at supporting the automated composition of convergent services using automated planning for service composition and natural language processing for user request processing.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3854", "sentence1": "Even before finishing, their load was not high.", "sentence2": "i/O utilization is not high at most times and CPU utilization is less than I/O utilization in Figure 4.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_512", "sentence1": "We use the farthest-point clustering due to its fast computation.", "sentence2": "the complexity of the farthest-point clustering into \u03ba clusters for n data points is O(n log \u03ba) using the algorithm in [23]. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3441", "sentence1": "Since no transformation is done, the warehouse retains all the information embedded in the data.", "sentence2": "with that format of data, there is more chances that interesting information can be found.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2186", "sentence1": "Since all elements of a given data type share the same expected range of values (as discussed in Sec. 4.1), elements with relatively smaller values (e.g., interest rates) become overly susceptible to approximate similarity, leading to some inaccuracy. ", "sentence2": "all of these overheads are faithfully modeled in the energy and area results in Sec. 5.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2975", "sentence1": "That said, extending the basic algorithm to support fairness goals is an interesting direction for future work.", "sentence2": "defining suitable fairness objectives in a heterogeneous environment where different clients have varying number of VMs, degrees of replication, and sensitivity to migration is an interesting direction for future work.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1331", "sentence1": "We observe a clear and fluent video when the receiver is located at the desired position, and the video quality deteriorates when the receiver moves away from undesired locations.", "sentence2": "we encounter frequent video stuck while playing, and severely distorted images.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1628", "sentence1": "If we did try to do this, placement would fail due to particular characteristics of the device chosen rather than anything inherent in the CLB architecture.", "sentence2": "the area constraint is only applied on the CLB resources.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1296", "sentence1": "Stereo video (or 3D video) has attracted increasing interests in recent years, and there is a trend that a large portion of the stereo videos will be captured and consumed by mobile devices [1].", "sentence2": "several virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMDs), including Oculus Rift [4], Sony Morpheu [5] and Microsoft Hololens [3], will be available as full products in the early 2016. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2828", "sentence1": "Addition\u00adally, the results of our large-scale analysis are lower bounds.", "sentence2": "as mentioned in Sec\u00adtion 2.2, several CBSPs are CDNs that offer additional security services, and vice versa.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2521", "sentence1": "For this, we support different policy enforcement options: allow, deny, log or modify.", "sentence2": "the modify option allows the replacement of the arguments passed to an external function and public API return values.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3819", "sentence1": "The data management module organizes necessary geospatial data for trigger modeling.", "sentence2": "the 1 h, 10 h, and 100 h dead fuel moisture were set to 6%, and the live fuel moisture for wood and herbaceous fuel types were both set to 65%.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_834", "sentence1": "However, significant overheads in terms of communication and storage are incurred due to the flooding or multi-hop forwarding [10, 11]. 3) Without the network infrastructure, steady connection between nodes is difficult to be guaranteed, especially in large scale VANETs.", "sentence2": "the scalability is difficult to be achieved in large scale VANETs [12].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1379", "sentence1": "Most commuters in this area use public transportation (e.g., trains, subways, and buses) rather than personal cars.", "sentence2": "the probability to encounter public WiFi networks is likely high, and resulting WiFi traffic volume in public spaces is also high.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1244", "sentence1": "During the dissemination, the power consumption of Pando is the same as the previous protocols, since all of them keep the nodes in active mode.", "sentence2": "compared with the previous protocols, benefiting from a shorter dissemination time, Pando reduces the energy consumption of individual nodes by the same reduction factor as the dissemination time.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1705", "sentence1": "We observe that the performance is highly dependent on the design topology.", "sentence2": " a significant portion of the datapath corresponds to variation-critical registers, reducing the performance of Algorithm 1 compared to ISCAS85 benchmarks.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1839", "sentence1": "The reasoning is the following: in an environment with self-invalidation and self-downgrade, responsibility for coherence is distributed to the core caches when it comes to data-race-free accesses.", "sentence2": "there is no need to track data-race-free data in a centralized directory.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3621", "sentence1": "Row 3 shows how AuDroid resolves the secrecy violations relative to the market apps by using the user approval mechanism.", "sentence2": "whenever a market app uses the mi\u00adcrophone, the device owner is notified and can approve or deny the access.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_235", "sentence1": "DTCR integrates temporal reconstruction and the K-means objective into a seq2seq model.", "sentence2": "dTCR adapts bidirectional Dilated recurrent neural networks [17] as the encoder, enabling the learned representation to capture the temporal dynamics and multi-scale characteristics of time series.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2796", "sentence1": "Figure 14 show that FaceLive achieves the EER rate in the range of [7.2%,7.5%] when the detection of a single type of facial land\u00admarks is unsuccessful and the coordinate information of the facial landmarks is missing.", "sentence2": "the missing localization of nose has a slightly more significant impact on FaceLive than the missing localization of eyes Figure 13: Face photos in ideal lighting condition and under illumination in varied environments [18] and mouth.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2497", "sentence1": "All previous implementations of ECC for MSP430 processors used either a conventional Weierstra\u00df curve (e.g. [20, 23, 27]) or a Montgomery curve of unreasonably large order (e.g. [10]), both of which wastes execution time and, thus, energy.", "sentence2": "our software supports Montgomery and Edwards curves over a 159 and a 191-bit prime field, which represents a good compromise between performance and security.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1884", "sentence1": "In this work, we explicitly model the uncertain characteristics of system components.", "sentence2": "we describe the reliability of a component using arbitrary reliability functions (exponential, Weibull, custom) with parameters that are arbitrarily distributed between best-and worst-case bounds.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1240", "sentence1": "To further maintain fairness, both metrics use the history of up to 90 probes, the value suggested by ETX [11].", "sentence2": "when there is a data packet to be forwarded (every 10s in our case), both metrics use the history of the last 90 probes to estimate the number of (re)transmissions until a successful delivery.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_885", "sentence1": "Since ZigBee uses a differential demodulator to decode normal data symbols, and antenna switching occurs only per Ns = 8 samples, AIC itself is unlikely to affect the performance of the normal decoder.", "sentence2": "the receiver decodes the normal data symbols first, separately from antenna index decoding.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2783", "sentence1": "As its name implies, the most striking attribute of GSPR is that it supports probabilistic revocation.", "sentence2": "gSPR's revo\u00adcation check procedure does not produce deterministic re\u00adsults, but instead produces probabilistic results, which may include false positive (i.e., false alarm) results but no false negative results.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1689", "sentence1": "Low-Power and Reliable Clock Network Design for Through-Silicon Via (TSV) Based 3D ICs.", "sentence2": "kOZs occupy large layout area thus might  be infeasible in case that layout whitespace is limited.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2023", "sentence1": "It is expected that some of the unreachable states may be intended to remain invalid by the specification.", "sentence2": "the design being debugged is expected to satisfy some invariant properties required by the specification.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1176", "sentence1": "To test out this hypothesis, and to gain insights into ways of providing effective content delivery services in public transportation systems, we analyze a dataset collected from an Internet service provider in public transport buses in Sweden.", "sentence2": "traditional content delivery mechanisms, such as using caches within the network is not effective in the context of public transportation systems.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3430", "sentence1": "Figure 1 suggests a link between the phase lengths and the number of nonperfect time steps.", "sentence2": "every phase of an epoch except for the last one contains only non-perfect time steps.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2281", "sentence1": "In such scenario, timing estimates that consider only logic synthesis were accurate enough.", "sentence2": "in technologies below 90nm the delays of interconnections became much more significant as compared to the delays of logic gates [9] [22].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3950", "sentence1": "We propose that the hypervisor layer, located between guest-OS software and physical hardware, is most suitable for implementing page placement optimization.", "sentence2": "existing hypervisors designed for DRAM-only memory architecture, do not have any support for hybrid memory systems; there is no mechanism to allocate guest pages from DRAM and NVM pages and dynamically optimize page mappings.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2589", "sentence1": "SNOMED-CT also provides a number of attribute relationships which define interrelationships between concepts.", "sentence2": "an attribute relationship is an association between two concepts describing an intrinsic property of the concepts.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2083", "sentence1": "A set of experimental measurements is presented aiming to demonstrate the experimental framework and verify the LTE/LTE-A standards.", "sentence2": "three experiments are demonstrated according to the Reference Measurement Channels (RMCs) defined by 3GPP [5], [6].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3356", "sentence1": "However, after extracting the data from these SLRs, we found that 17 SLRs that did not report their quality assessment criteria inside the paper or somewhere available to public.", "sentence2": "we divided the 127 SLRs into two lists: 110 SLRs with explicit quality assessment criteria reported, listed in Appendix A, and the other 17 papers (without sufficient information about the quality assessment claimed to have been used) are listed in Appendix B.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_612", "sentence1": "Such a permutation preserves local structures of the group features.", "sentence2": "we propose to use group convolutions to encode the local structures of the group features, resulting in feature representations that are not only discriminative but equivariant to the transformations in the group.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2458", "sentence1": "The number of recommended characters for password is shown in Table 2.", "sentence2": "fSi-1 is almost equal to FSi and GVi-1 is equal to GVi.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1708", "sentence1": "More importantly, the standard cell library should be carefully designed to enhance the pin accessibility.", "sentence2": "i/O pins need to be balanced distributed within a cell, as the alignment or the densely packing of pins make the cell more difficult to be accessed.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1438", "sentence1": "We believe many research opportunities remain in realizing or extending our suggested models.", "sentence2": "one notable fact is that unlike other TEEs, its trusted computing base (TCB) only includes the processor and the application code inside the enclave.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3133", "sentence1": "To address zero day attacks, others approaches are needed.", "sentence2": "knowledge about common behavior of malware may be needed such as dynamic behavior of the attack.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_889", "sentence1": "In contrast, Halma focuses on achieving high energy efficiency.", "sentence2": " for a ZigBee link with single RF-chain transmitter and receiver, Halma can scale link capacity with Nt at a even faster rate than SSK, which translates into enormous energy saving.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2655", "sentence1": "The attacker is the follower who selects an optimal attack plan based on (limited) knowledge about the defender's strategy.", "sentence2": "we assume that the attacker learns the num\u00adber and type of deployed HPs; however he does not know which specific hosts are HPs and which are real.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1112", "sentence1": "We see that different tags have different response delays and bit durations, which result in bit misalignment and non-overlapped state transition boundaries.", "sentence2": "the response delay offset and the bit duration offset (normalized by period) can be up to 30% and 1% for each bit, respectively.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2493", "sentence1": "Without doubt, the data mining-as-a-service benefits business intelligence.", "sentence2": "there exists a serious privacy issue in the paradigms, that is, the server has access to the data of the company and may learn business secrets from it.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3147", "sentence1": "In our study, we test both compare-and-confirm and compare-and-select.", "sentence2": "we explore compare-and-select due to its potential benefits for inattentive users.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1828", "sentence1": "Section 3.1 discusses how SLIPs are used to determine the insertion and movement of a line in a cache level.", "sentence2": "the latency for each operation (evaluating the energy of all the SLIPs and finding the minimum energy SLIP) was found to be 2 processor cycles at a processor clock rate of 2.4GHz and the throughput is one computation per cycle.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_143", "sentence1": "This optimization, however, is highly under-constrained, with many possible (dense) solutions.", "sentence2": "this objective alone does not enforce a biologically plausible fascicle structure in \u03a6.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_339", "sentence1": "We also evaluate the empirical robustness of our model around under two gradient-based attacks and two decision-based attacks: (i) PGD attack with CW loss [34,7], (ii) FGSM [47], (iii) Boundary attack (BA) [6], (iv) Point-wise attack (PA) [44].", "sentence2": "the gradient-based methods ((i) and (ii)) are done on the whole test dataset; the decision-based attacks ((iii) and (iv)) are done only on the first 100 test data points since they are expensive to run.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_92", "sentence1": "Our approach builds a connection between reward shaping and critic learning.", "sentence2": "we propose to learn each agent a parameterized individual intrinsic reward function by maximizing a centralized critic.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1157", "sentence1": "Expectedly, as the word gets longer, it is more difficult to recognize it correctly.", "sentence2": "even by using a simple handwriting recognition software such as MyScript, the average word recognition accuracy is more than 91%.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2027", "sentence1": "To implement the model in circuit simulators, SPICE compatibility is essential.", "sentence2": "both Vaccess and RM show wide spreads.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1392", "sentence1": "In our demo, we show how our Focus prototype copes with different channel impairments.", "sentence2": "we will showcase Focus\u2019s performance on smartphones with different capabilities, ranging from older models with poor cameras to recent smartphones with high-resolution cameras and high-quality lenses.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2230", "sentence1": "However, this operation would overwrite the state of the flip-flops and the circuit cannot resume normal operation after it is completed.", "sentence2": "to maintain the state of the flip-flops, the bits that are being shifted out from the scan chain are fed back into it through a multiplexer, as shown in Fig. 4.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2936", "sentence1": "We note that whenever the communication partners exchange certificates in HMQV to authenticate their public keys this not only affects the message size but also the key derivation.", "sentence2": "the time for key derivation is increased by the time for the additional certificate verification.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1069", "sentence1": "For 512k flow entries, the total DRAM space needed is 6.5 MB.", "sentence2": "the memory space requirements for these tables can be accommodated in the SRAM and DRAM available on board.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2693", "sentence1": "Similarly, Njas patches the interactions with the services defined within an application.", "sentence2": "monitor needs to patch the Binder transactions related to the startSer\u00advice and the scheduleCreateService methods that are the analogous for services of the startActivity and schedule-LaunchActivity methods.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_614", "sentence1": "Some recent works [45,61,29,41,64,12,62] try to learn such viewpoint covariant patch detectors by CNNs.", "sentence2": "the definition of a canonical scale or orientation is ambiguous.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_803", "sentence1": "The duration of each simulation run is 900 seconds.", "sentence2": "in a network with a high level of node mobility, links break very frequently.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2379", "sentence1": "The fact of introducing the fuzzy control theory into resources scheduling, enables us to optimize the overall performance.", "sentence2": "this methodology makes it possible to reduce at the same time the response time, the processing time and the cost.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2442", "sentence1": "In this section we describe our framework.", "sentence2": "section 3.1 introduces the pre-processing steps that allow us to model the network traffic.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_959", "sentence1": "It is indeed a creative way to utilize the similarity relationship between locations.", "sentence2": "in our mechanism, we consider not only the similarity relationship but also the linear dependence between locations.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2612", "sentence1": "In this paper, we want to shine a light on this concern by studying the feasibility of applying ABE on smartphone de\u00advices.", "sentence2": "we implemented AndrABEn, an ABE library for Android operating system.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3353", "sentence1": "An exception is the operation type ReplaceTaskDescription : The original operation (defined in the metamodel MM 1.4B ) remains unused, but the copied operation (defined in the metamodel MM 1.4Bw ) was used.", "sentence2": "the original operation remains in the set of unused operations, even though an exemplar is present in the analyzed process variants.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_387", "sentence1": "Moreover, we find stronger evidence for bias when comparing against race (test +I3) than when comparing against gender (test +I4).", "sentence2": "there are only 2 significant positive associations for test +I4, but there are 9 such associations for test +I3 across all models.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_33", "sentence1": "In hyperspherical prototype networks, classification and regression are optimized in the same manner based on a cosine similarity loss.", "sentence2": "both tasks can be optimized not only with the same base network, as is common in multi-task learning [6], but even in the same output space.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3052", "sentence1": "If there exists an attack (malicious client) who continuously reports forged CSI, the whole networks will be completely break down for UL MU-MIMO transmission.", "sentence2": "this solution may slightly reduce the effective time of CSI, and drop the data transmission efficiency down.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1267", "sentence1": "There remain a number of outstanding issues to address in order for the co-operative scheduling protocol to achieve the robustness required for use in wireless LANs.", "sentence2": "a mechanism should be added to detect and recover from a lost schedule packet.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_664", "sentence1": "Our algorithm maintains an ordering of the elements seen so far.", "sentence2": "when a new element arrives, the algorithm can find the position of this new element in the current ordering by binary search.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3663", "sentence1": "This is an abstract class that contains the logic that is common to group owners and regular group members.", "sentence2": "it contains methods to connect and disconnect, to perform messaging, and to respond to incoming messages.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_695", "sentence1": "For the UVFA network, it only needs to remember experiences in a local neighborhood.", "sentence2": "the training procedure requires much lower sample complexity.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3497", "sentence1": "The non-matching column refers to the average number of blocks that: 1) are over-segmented by the MSoS, 2) have no correspondence with any block in the GT or they are not correctly labeled.", "sentence2": "we check the properties that can alter the static behavior of an HTML element, e.g., event listeners, and the HTML5 attributes that identify the role of an element, e.g., 'role'.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2598", "sentence1": "Even though the cloud promises a convenient way for users to share files and effortlessly engage in collaborations, it still retains the notion of individual file ownership. ", "sentence2": "each file stored in the cloud is owned by a single user, who can unilaterally decide whether to grant or deny any access request to that file.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2864", "sentence1": "[29] proposed an approach to .ne-grained CFI with (partial) modularity support.", "sentence2": "it does not protect return instructions, and its modularity support in\u00adtroduces time windows for attacks during dynamic module linking.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1046", "sentence1": "We have developed software (based on the Arduino programming language [2]) uploaded on network nodes, tailored to the role and functionality of each node.", "sentence2": "the software executed by microcontrollers undertakes the collection of information measured by sensors, data processing and information transmission to the wireless medium.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_550", "sentence1": "Parameters of the resulting autoencoding architectures are fitted with stochastic mini-batch training and the Adam optimizer [24].", "sentence2": "in the absence of any normalization of the representations, the individual agents can arbitrarily scale down their representations to minimize the coupling cost without a penalty on reconstruction accuracy.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1204", "sentence1": "The DTS packet is used to announce the information update on code, transmit power, and queueing to neighboring nodes.", "sentence2": "we build a 7-node software-defined radio testbed and imple\u00adment a distributed algorithm that maximizes the secondary network throughput, while at the same time avoids inter\u00adference to primary users through joint Routing and cOde\u00adwaveform CHannelization (ROCH).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2167", "sentence1": "Some examples of formal and semi-formal ADLs identified in these studies are UML, SysML, CML, and X-UNITY.", "sentence2": "the combination of formal and semi-formal ADLs has also been proposed for describing SoS.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1437", "sentence1": "Motivated by the recent movement towards commoditization of trusted exe\u00adcution environments (TEEs), this paper explores alternative design choices that application and protocol designers should consider.", "sentence2": "we explore the possibility of using Intel SGX to provide security and privacy in a wide range of network applications.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_930", "sentence1": "The QCC queue length adaptation algorithms can be divided into two key stages: 1) the startup phase and 2) the adaptive phase.", "sentence2": "the startup phases of TCP Vegas and FAST TCP are identical to the TCP slow-start phase.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_184", "sentence1": "However, using gradient-based optimization with only the main task gradient \u2207\u03b8Lmain is often slow and unstable, due to the high variance of reinforcement learning.", "sentence2": "auxiliary tasks are commonly used, especially for image based tasks, to help to learn a good feature representation.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1343", "sentence1": "This tutorial will share important architectural concepts we are exploring in these areas, the software we have built to perform these tasks, and remaining open issues.", "sentence2": "it will emphasize how the existing open source toolset provides a platform for exploring the open research questions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_696", "sentence1": "One can pre-train the HER agent and then build map for planner.", "sentence2": "as an off-policy algorithm, HER can work with arbitrary exploration policy.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_656", "sentence1": "We summarize our results in Table 5 and find that SSE-SE helps improving accuracy and BLEU scores on both dev and test sets in 10 out of 11 years from 2008 to 2018.", "sentence2": "on the last 5 years' test sets from 2014 to 2018, the transformer model with SSE-SE improves BLEU scores by 0.92 on average when compared to the baseline model without SSE-SE.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_760", "sentence1": "Lastly, since the stratified structure contains all of the examples, it is managed mostly on disk, with a small in-memory buffer to speed up I/O operations.", "sentence2": "this performance requires that the memory size is sufficient to hold a 2-3 multiple of the training set size.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2861", "sentence1": "An idempotent operation is designed so that the effect of performing it twice is the same as the effect of performing it only once.", "sentence2": "after the first time, there is no need to perform it again.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2413", "sentence1": " Samanthula et al. [21] propose an approach that relies on homomorphic encryption and PRE to handle user revocations without requiring re-encryption of relational data and also supports expressive policies.", "sentence2": "such approach incurs a heavy cost on the end user as all processing is done at the client side since the server does not perform secure query processing.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_492", "sentence1": "Figure 4 shows that performance drops much more rapidly when heads are pruned from the Enc-Dec attention layers.", "sentence2": "pruning more than 60% of the Enc-Dec attention heads will result in catastrophic performance degradation, while the encoder and decoder self-attention layers can still produce reasonable translations (with BLEU scores around 30) with only 20% of the original attention heads.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_211", "sentence1": "However, the dimensionality of this subspace is very low compared to the dimensionality of PreResNet-164 CIFAR-10\u00e2\u2020\u2019STL-10  the weight space, and we can not guarantee that SWAG variance estimates are adequate along all directions in weight space.", "sentence2": "we would expect SWAG to under-estimate the variances along random directions, as the SGD trajectory is in a low-dimensional subspace of the weight space, and a random vector has a close-to-zero projection on this subspace with high probability.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2101", "sentence1": "In this section, we survey these systems, noting the effect that these choices have on overall size and power draw.", "sentence2": "we survey three commercial meters Kill-A-Watt [6], Watts Up [17], and Belkin Conserve Insight [3] and three research meters ACme [26] (two different versions), Monjolo [23], and Gemini [20] alongside PowerBlade (this work).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1800", "sentence1": "The optimization effectiveness of InSURE on server-related metrics becomes greater when the solar energy is lower.", "sentence2": "the benefit of our joint spatio-temporal power management actually increases when the standalone in-situ system becomes heavily energy-constrained.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3963", "sentence1": "Yet, age-associated cognitive changes are not irreversible and can be improved with adequate training [I].", "sentence2": "cognitive stimulation is a component of \"active aging\", a term was adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) to promote a better quality of life and improved autonomy and independence of older people.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3136", "sentence1": "It is encompassing because an edge is defined to be clean only in case all of the files are clean.", "sentence2": "even one malware file out of a thousand clean files, for in\u00adstance, classifies an edge as malware, and thus, the edge would be added to Gm t .", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1", "sentence1": "The success of machine learning (ML) during the past decade has relied heavily on the rapid growth of computational power, new techniques training larger and more representative neural networks, and critically, the availability of enormous amounts of annotated data.", "sentence2": "new challenges have arisen with the move from cloud computing to edge computing and Internet of Things (IoT), and demands for customized models and local data privacy are increasing, which raise the question: how can a powerful model be trained for a specific user using only a limited number of local data?", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_769", "sentence1": "As mentioned in [36], there are two disadvantages for median-of-means approach: (a) it involves an additional tuning parameter; (b) it is numerically unstable for small sample size.", "sentence2": "we identify a class of heavy-tailed bandits (sub-Weibull bandit) where mean estimators can still achieve regret bounds of the same order as those under sub-Gaussian reward distributions.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2608", "sentence1": "If a user has two permissions p1 and p2 among other permissions, and uses p1 far more often than p2, one optimization metric is to place p1 and p2 in different roles.", "sentence2": "the optimization metric would be to generate roles that include permissions with similar usage patterns.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3107", "sentence1": "This system relies on a miniaturized computer to host the necessary components to conduct a security assessment.", "sentence2": "in another scenario, for a company of several thousand users and with a great variance in their infrastructure, the penetration testing process could take several weeks or even months to complete due to the complexity of the network/application architectures and many different attack avenues available.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3193", "sentence1": "The difference calibrated features can be completely derived from Cartesian calibrated features, but not vice versa.", "sentence2": " the Cartesian calibrated features contain more discriminative information than difference calibrated features.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_808", "sentence1": "At time 2, when the new subscription f3 occurs, RMCEP-Online is invoked again, which in turn calls RMCEP-Aprx with the subscriptions f2 (since e is not yet placed to satisfy f2) and f3.", "sentence2": "in each round of the algorithm, the chunk with the minimum AOC is selected, and added to the .nal solu\u00adtion.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_509", "sentence1": "We circumvent this requirement by the notion of the combinatorial graph defined as a graph, which contains all possible combinatorial choices as its vertices for a given combinatorial problem.", "sentence2": "each vertex corresponds to a different joint assignment of categorical or ordinal variables.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1430", "sentence1": " Furthermore, the small increased memory consumption of UNIVMON comes at a dramatically increased flexibility and generality across the suite of applications. ", "sentence2": "openSketch is in effect using K-times as many resources if there are K distinct tasks as it instantiates a separate sketch when we look at the set of applications, whereas UNIVMON uses a single universal sketch instance.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2165", "sentence1": "As UML is a well established standard for modeling soft\u00adware systems, several tools currently support it.", "sentence2": "the Papyrus Modeling Tool is an open-source graphical editing tool available as an extension for Eclipse.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2770", "sentence1": "The DNS authoritative servers can pose privacy threats because they are able to observe, collect, process, and transfer privacy-relevant DNS informa\u00adtion (such as incoming DNS traffic) about clients either for the surveillance purposes of themselves or for facilitating an outside censor by passing him the data.", "sentence2": "the source IP address of client is of great interest to adversaries because it can be associated with the client s DNS messages to re.ect the end user s Internet activities.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3609", "sentence1": "Listing 2 shows the actual code for the list add() function that uses RLU.", "sentence2": "t2 starts a critical section after the call to synchronize rcu() and hence cannot hold a reference to old data.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1473", "sentence1": "In SPIN, operations were not run in a sequential order but in a randomly chosen way.", "sentence2": "rREQ messages may be received quickly on one side but slowly on another side.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1439", "sentence1": "\u0018is is because updated baselines\u2019 extra control information cannot be disseminated across BGP gulfs.", "sentence2": "we end up with this requirement: UB-R1 Disseminate updated baseline\u2019s additional control information across gulfs.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3833", "sentence1": "Performance improves without cutoff on all runtime systems (Figure 1) since that provides suf.cient parallelism for our machine (Figure 11a).", "sentence2": "we generalize load balance to include tasks and display work deviation per-grain.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1317", "sentence1": "Sleep Capability Some approaches in the literature consider that the SUs can switch between sleep and awake states to reduce energy consumption during idle periods [6].", "sentence2": "a SU can choose to turn their transceiver off when a PU is detected present, because no secondary transmissions are allowed during that period.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_299", "sentence1": "The Perturb-and-Parse approach [5] focuses on latent dependency parses, and iteratively replaces any arg max with a softmax operation in a spanning tree algorithm.", "sentence2": "our framework is not restricted to a particular class of structures.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3689", "sentence1": "Linear relationship may mean that the cost for applying selective mutation testing changes greatly as the program size increases.", "sentence2": "though selective mutation testing does not use all the mutants, the number of selected mutants used in selective mutation testing for large programs may still be large, which is still expensive to run every selected mutants against the test cases.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3853", "sentence1": "In work [6], a method for increasing I/O performance in virtualized environment by controlling block address in inode table in filesystem is proposed.", "sentence2": "the work aimed only to improve random access performance and does not mention sequential I/O throughput, HDD zones, and Hadoop performance.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_504", "sentence1": "As suggested in Figure 2(b), one way of guaranteeing a low failure rate in our method is to collect adequate reference models.", "sentence2": "it is usually troublesome in practice, if not infeasible.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1673", "sentence1": "Though Theorem 1 establishes the properties of graph scale-space kernels, it does not provide an explicit form.", "sentence2": "many possible kernels may exist that satisfy the scale-space axioms.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1621", "sentence1": "Similarly, applications deployed on ASICs and FPGAs are often hindered by slow external memories.", "sentence2": "to achieve good performance, hard\u00adware designers must optimize main memory usage.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3922", "sentence1": "Scalar variables are implicitly private for an executing thread and need not be specified in a private clause in contrast to the presented OpenMP solution.", "sentence2": "the accessed matrices and their associated memory pointers must be passed in a present clause to omit a memory exchange at region entry.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2195", "sentence1": "A key role of machine virtualization is to provide an illusion that each workload runs on a dedicated machine, while sharing machine resources with other co-executed workloads [1].", "sentence2": "such an illusion should be rigorously provided for utility computing that is typically offered by the public clouds where each user desires his/her workload to fairly run on the paid resources.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1993", "sentence1": "A model is separately computed for each discrete frequency f \u2208 F since the thermal properties of the system may change considerably with frequency.", "sentence2": "it may not be possible to simply scale a given model derived at one frequency and use it at a different frequency.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2934", "sentence1": "The primary goal of an attack is to replace the true physical signal that a sensor aims to sense with a malicious signal.", "sentence2": "an adversary will attempt to \"inject\" a signal into the physical medium that the sensor is measuring in order to jam or spoof the sensor.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3146", "sentence1": "The experiment results show that the algorithm is strongly robust against attacks from JPEG compression, cropping, noise and so on.", "sentence2": "as choosing the pixels in the least important point, the watermark information is destroyed easily by filter, image quantization, and geometric distortion.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3813", "sentence1": "In order to enable existing LLVM optimizations to apply to communication in PGAS programs, a PGAS programming language front-end needs to generate LLVM IR with the address space feature.", "sentence2": "the PGAS LLVM IR needs to include global pointers, which are an alternative way of representing a pointer to possibly remote memory and are recognizable by LLVM as pointer types, instead of the typical structure representation of wide pointers that include at least a node number and a local address.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1387", "sentence1": "At this point, using PerfSight the operator identifies that the TUN of load balancer 2 is dropping packets and it is in an Overloaded state.", "sentence2": "the operator has identified tenant 2 s bottleneck.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1081", "sentence1": "However, if the client cluster has a large radius, i.e., the clients are far away from each other, there may be no single server assignment for the entire cluster that is optimal for 1000 all clients in it.", "sentence2": "it is inherently difficult for NS-based mapping to perform well when the client cluster has a large 0 radius, even knowing client-LDNS pairings.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2649", "sentence1": "However, the leakage of different bits could be affected by the other, for example cross-talk during the bit transition.", "sentence2": "we would like the observe the result on different subspaces.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3722", "sentence1": "If each design model or code conforms to Archface in 2), Fp is also satisfied in the model and code.", "sentence2": "the verification of Fp results in modular interface checking.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_511", "sentence1": "There are a few work related to our considered class of OT with tree metrics [35,62].", "sentence2": "kloeckner [35] studied geometric properties of OT space for measures on an ultrametric space, and Sommerfeld and Munk [62] focused on statistical inference for empirical OT on finite spaces including tree metrics.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2265", "sentence1": "Unfortunately, the state of the practice in this area by far is extremely manual and depends heavily on human creativity and observation.", "sentence2": "a security architect roughly iterates through the following five steps until convergence.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2322", "sentence1": "SEU behavior on logic resources, e.g. LUTs, has been well discussed in [1].", "sentence2": "the m inputs of each multiplexor are individually controlled in a fully decoded style [16] and the n multiplexors are sharing the same m con.guration bits.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3582", "sentence1": "Taint propagation algorithms generally propagate taint information at the byte-or word-level, i.e., maintain a taint bit for each byte or word of data.", "sentence2": "the programs in the second set were chosen as representative samples of trigger-based behavior in malware.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1504", "sentence1": "Another GPS-free localization techniques has been presented using Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) [12].", "sentence2": "the localization system has two steps.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_282", "sentence1": "Finally we note that the shape of M remains similar to tanh(E).", "sentence2": "secondly, we introduce a secondary de-attention (deleted attention) matrix, finally learning a multiplicative composition of similarity and dissimilarity.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2943", "sentence1": "It is flexible to support various OTP algorithms and multiple OTP instances on one smart\u00adphone.", "sentence2": "besides protecting the OTP code integrity and the seed secrecy, we also need to protect the timer and the counter that are used as input to TOTP and HOTP, respectively.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3937", "sentence1": "We interpret this figure just like Figure 4.", "sentence2": "clearly, a smartphone may be in a variety of states, but for our purposes we are effectively treating a screen event as a state.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3770", "sentence1": "The architecture needs to support this way of working and there are significant architectural implications.", "sentence2": "continuous deployment, split testing and data collection need to be an integral part of the architecture.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2068", "sentence1": "In a WNoC, a transmitting antenna radiates RF signals at a given frequency, which propagate throughout the chip and may be received by any other a\u00adtenna tuned to the same frequency.", "sentence2": "all antennas tuned at the same frequency channel share the medium similarly to in a bus.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2412", "sentence1": "Further, in such schemes achieving forward and backward security requires only to change the public information and does not affect the secrets given to existing subscribers.", "sentence2": "bGKM schemes do not support group membership policies over a set of attributes.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_989", "sentence1": "That is, the SU network operates fully asynchronously.", "sentence2": "we exploit that the TV transmitter is always transmitting whereas SU-TX transmits intermittently.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1083", "sentence1": "The second server then serves the content to the client.", "sentence2": "this process incurs a redirection penalty that is acceptable only for larger downloads such as media files and software downloads.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3262", "sentence1": "De-duplication technique is employed to save only one copy of the identical pages across multiple VM snapshots [21, 22, 42].", "sentence2": "these works pay no attention to the availability of snapshot files, or in other words, they expect the underlying file system or storage device to provide the availability.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_574", "sentence1": "At test time we apply our model to pairs composed of the source image and of each frame of the driving video and perform image animation of the source object.", "sentence2": "we use equal loss weights in all our experiments.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2426", "sentence1": "Conceptually, the filtering does not alter the asymtpotic complexity\u2013in the worst case, all signatures could end up in the same set.", "sentence2": "under the assumption of relatively uniform distribution of the O-P keys (which we have observed empirically), it does reduce the number of signature comparisons by a substantial constant factor. ", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_928", "sentence1": "The trace data were then divided into time intervals with a fixed length of 100 s. To quantify the effectiveness of using past bandwidth statistics to predict future values, we measured the bandwidth similarity of two vectors with PBA.", "sentence2": "we chose a set of intervals, the candidate prediction intervals, which ranged from 50 ms to 2.6 s in length and spaced 100 ms apart.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_779", "sentence1": "This is different from the neural network literature [45,25], where adversarial training usually provides better LRTE and significantly better test error than methods providing provable robustness guarantees.", "sentence2": "our upper bound on the robust loss is tight and tractable and thus adversarial training should not be used as it provides only a lower bound and minimization of an upper bound makes more sense than minimization of a lower bound.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3894", "sentence1": "As a system prototype, we have implemented a design tool which enables users to gather up every day objects and reassemble them to another functional shape with taking advantages of both analog and digital fabrication.", "sentence2": "the system calculates the optimized positional relationship among objects, and generates joint objects to bond the objects together in order to achieve a certain shape.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3219", "sentence1": "In order for our technique to work we therefore require the construction of higher order attributes to be of a restricted form in which only constructors, attribute references, and constants are used.", "sentence2": "pattern matching is not allowed as it would highly complicate dependency analysis.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_700", "sentence1": "First, it takes longer time to sample enough state-goal pairs.", "sentence2": "at the early stage, only few state-goal samples have been collected, so learning from them requires heavy extrapolation by networks, which is well known to be unreliable.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2601", "sentence1": "Second, malicious writers (i.e., writers who have been granted write access by fewer than t owners) are unable to distribute a file without honest readers detecting it.", "sentence2": "a file is considered as written if and only if it is correctly encoded in tokens and those tokens are distributed to and endorsed by at least t out of n owners.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2803", "sentence1": "identification prior to (mutual) authentication is a problem that crops up in other systems as well, such as in e-passports [28] and RFID tags [29].", "sentence2": "3.2 SIM card The SIM is extended to store the new shared secret key \u03ba next to two PMSIs; the currently active PMSI (PMSI) and the future PMSI (Pnew).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3654", "sentence1": "Code review usefulness is negatively correlated with the size of a code review.", "sentence2": "the more files there are in a single review, the lower the overall rate of useful feedback.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2901", "sentence1": "In a similar vein, it would be desirable to combine our pseudonym system with policy enforcement tools in a privacy-preserving manner.", "sentence2": "allowing the user to specify which data exchanges are permitted and enable the converter to blindly check whether a received conversion request violates any user constraints.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2005", "sentence1": "Ldigital should contain all the functional blocks, that form the power-down part.", "sentence2": "structures like e.g., inverters, nand and nor gates, level shifters and pass-gates need to be detected.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3476", "sentence1": "The loops at lines 14 21 and line 22 implement the second and third steps of SPP respectively.", "sentence2": "the loop at line 22 performs absorption.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1522", "sentence1": "Client devices are unaware of whether content from a domain is available over IPv4 network or over IPv6 network.", "sentence2": "clients must send both AAAA (IPv6) and A (IPv4) DNS queries to their local resolvers to resolve domain names.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1219", "sentence1": "Across all four datasets, WiScan consistently achieves 90%+ of the optimal connectivity, demonstrating that our SSID learning scheme accurately predicts future SSIDs.", "sentence2": "wiScan achieves 97% of the optimal in the Canberra dataset.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2243", "sentence1": "Since the specification items are tightly related each other and it is practically very time consuming to explore all feasible clock spine candidates, we solve the problem of clock spine synthesis by performing four steps.", "sentence2": "our proposed power-aware clock spine synthesis called CSPINE consists of four steps: (Step 1) Clustering clock sinks, (Step 2) Relaxing spines, (Step 3) Inserting spine buffers, and (Step 4) Constructing a top-level clock tree.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2835", "sentence1": "The key insight is to maintain the invariant (Fact 2 in Appendix 9) that if some bucket in the real ORAM has an available slot, then during the post-processing of 1-ORAM, no blocks can be pushed through this bucket towards the root.", "sentence2": "to formalize this argument requires an intricate induction proof that is presented in Appendix 9.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_251", "sentence1": "In [7], the comparator set is the set of all probability vectors over K experts, while we compare Learner's performance to the performance of the best ordering.", "sentence2": "the problem considered in [7] aims to compare Learner's performance to the best mixture of actions, which also includes our comparator set (orderings).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2898", "sentence1": "The tricky part is to make this whole pseudonym gener\u00adation and conversion process verifiable and consistent, but without harming the unlinkability and blindness properties.", "sentence2": "for pseudonym generation a server SA must be ensured that it receives correctly formed pseudonyms.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_372", "sentence1": "The temporal convolution considers the intra-frame information while the spatial convolution considers the inter-frame information.", "sentence2": "recent state-of-the-art approaches use supervised learning to address pose regression and employ deep nets.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_159", "sentence1": "The cost of solving Eq (3) is dominated by the cost of solving the inner maximization problem.", "sentence2": "the inner maximization should be performed efficiently to reduce the overall cost of training.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1338", "sentence1": "For the proof, we first show some general properties of SWS auth.", "sentence2": "we show that encrypted communication over HTTPS between an honest relying party and an honest IdP cannot be altered by the (network) attacker, and, based on that, any honest relying party always retrieves the \u201ccorrect\u201d public signature verification key from honest IdPs. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3437", "sentence1": "This way we achieved differentiated configurations in terms of the relation between the event execution granularity, and the granularity of the extra-ticks\u2019 interval (recall this has been set to 100 microseconds).", "sentence2": "the adopted settings allowed us to determine different actual likelihoods for an extra-tick to interrupt an on going event (in fact such a likelihood is higher when the event granularity is greater), which gave us the possibility to assess our time-sharing architecture when changing the likelihood that a higher priority task can be detected as standing while the execution of an event is in progress.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1804", "sentence1": "Ta\u00adble 3 summarizes architectural parameters.", "sentence2": "this approach has an ad\u00advantage of being readily deployable without modifying the software stack.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_669", "sentence1": "PCHID greatly improves the learning efficiency of PPO.", "sentence2": "in general the efficiency of finding a transition sequence that is i-step solvable decreases as i increases.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3389", "sentence1": "In other words, a game application is decomposed into a number of pieces, which either executed in the cloud or the players terminal, according to the status of devices and network quality.", "sentence2": "the testbed is required to be capable in perceiving the application runtime environment, making decisions of workload allocation, and facilitating the dynamic inter-connectivity between cloud/terminal components.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1847", "sentence1": "Given any two access sequences A1 and A2 of the same length, ORAM guarantees that the transformed access sequences S1 and S2 are computationally indistinguishable.", "sentence2": "the ORAM physical ac\u00adcess pattern (S) is independent of the logical access pattern (A).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2916", "sentence1": "8.2 Emanation-based Attacks The emanations produced by electrical devices were known to leak information regarding users activities.", "sentence2": "various emanation attacks that aim to infer keystrokes have been proposed and proved to be effective.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1420", "sentence1": "Besides, this area has a complex ocean tidal current due to Kuroshio Current and local currents, which results in the most complicated flow distribution area along China's sea-coast.", "sentence2": "zRS Island is a suitable place for tide and current observation.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_686", "sentence1": "We draw data from two distribution families, the Normal family with mean a and variance b 2 , and the log-Normal family, with log-mean a log and log-variance b 2 log , under multiple parameter settings.", "sentence2": "we consider the impact of shifting the distribution location over [\u00e2\u02c6\u201940.0, 40.0], with small and large variance settings.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1310", "sentence1": "Memory management : release buffer space until enough vacant memory space in its generation can store the message.", "sentence2": "there\u00adfore, the concept of Adaptive Collaborative Network Coding of Intra/Inter-Flows based on Bayesian Network(ACNC) is proposed.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1040", "sentence1": "For example, a 3-uniform jamming adversary may jam channel one for group one, jam channel one and six for group two, and do nothing for group three.", "sentence2": "an n-uniform jamming adversary can make jamming decision for each node in\u00addividually.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2762", "sentence1": "However, the accuracy was less than 0.9, except for Jan. - Mar. 2013.", "sentence2": "retraining the classifier is essential, but when to do so cannot be decided only by the results.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2921", "sentence1": "In contrast, software-based attestation [24, 29, 47, 48] require neither secure hardware nor cryptographic secrets.", "sentence2": "security guarantees of software-based attestation methods rely on strong assumptions, such as the adversary being passive while the attestation protocol is executed and optimality of the attestation algorithm and its implementation.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_489", "sentence1": "As a first step to understand whether some heads are universally important, we perform the same ablation study on a second, out-of-domain test set.", "sentence2": "we consider the MNLI \"mismatched\" validation set for BERT and the MTNT English to French test set (Michel and Neubig, 2018) for the WMT model, both of which have been assembled for the very purpose of providing contrastive, out-of-domain test suites for their respective tasks.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1508", "sentence1": "These configuration and modification solutions may prevent a web site from being included in target pools of web scanners and mass-scale exploitation frameworks, but many individual practitioners would likely argue that such solutions rather represent the so-called security-by-obscurity.", "sentence2": "ultimately, (g) applied web intelligence research should be also able to demonstrate a concrete web deployment that successfully utilizes existing big data collections for analyzing real-world questions moti\u00advated by scholarly hypotheses.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2057", "sentence1": "We have adopted a time window of 15 seconds (i.e. 40 se\u00adquential segments for each recording) where the signal ex\u00adhibits homogeneous behavior with respect to audio type (context and soundscape quality).", "sentence2": "within these time windows, both context and the soundscape quality is supposed to be stable homogeneous.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2809", "sentence1": "We discover several vulnerabilities in both its control-plane and dataplane functions, which can be exploited to disrupt both data and voice in operational networks.", "sentence2": "we find that the adversary can easily gain free data access, shut down continuing data access,or subdue an ongoing call, etc.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1203", "sentence1": "The testbed capabilities are demonstrated through multiple graphical user interfaces (GUIs) at the relay, destination, and trace recorder nodes.", "sentence2": "in each relay node we plot the instantaneous SINR and queueing information, while a GUI at the laptop-PC controlling the destination node and primary receiver (Fig.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2555", "sentence1": "In case, such signals are transmitted in analog from, recovery must be possible from the analog form, presumably at a minimum after the signal has been attenuated, distorted and transformed in the process of transmission and reproduction.", "sentence2": "in the case of analog video signals with their high bandwidth requirements, the recovery must then either be possible given only a very limited high fidelity recording of the original signal, or from a significantly lower bandwidth recording at a later stage.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_903", "sentence1": "We observe that although the resulting data load under any data cap gI does not vary much, the maximum revenue R * I (gI ) varies significantly.", "sentence2": "when the pricing converges to the flat-rate structure as gI goes to 1, the optimal revenue decreases to a minimum value.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3815", "sentence1": "To fully use the VFCache, the processor must be able to identify which memory loads are, in fact, loading from a virtual function table suitable for caching with this new hardware structure.", "sentence2": "traditional ISAs make no special accommodations for virtual function tables.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2118", "sentence1": "It is observed that if we increase the number of words present in a corpus, the processing time increases and this increment is larger in bigger corpus size as compared to smaller size corpuses.", "sentence2": "keeping smaller corpus size effectively reduces the overall computation time during clustering.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2292", "sentence1": "Most often, a well-stirred system is assumed so that concentration of molecules of each type is uniform over the entire spatial domain [38].", "sentence2": "instead of tracking the spatial positions of each and every molecule in the system, the system state is compactly represented by a vector containing the number of molecules of each type [21].", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_536", "sentence1": "Initially, considering that input information may be lost when normalizing input distributions, the bias and gain are designed for affine transformation on normalized vectors to enhance the expressive power.", "sentence2": "since the bias and gain are learned from the training set and they ignore the input distributions of the testing data, the risk of over-fitting may increase in LayerNorm.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1851", "sentence1": "For example, in Figure 2(a), if extra data paths (shown by dotted lines) are applied to allow for forwarding operands from one row to the next, the mapping shown in Figure 2(b) is feasible.", "sentence2": "forwarding requires extra cycles to complete and thus leads to lower performance.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_469", "sentence1": "We applied our test to check if state-of-the-art classifiers for the ImageNet dataset [8] have been overfitted to the test set.", "sentence2": "we use the VGG16 classifier of [27] and the Resnet50 classifier of [16].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2325", "sentence1": "In particular, by setting WX = m, the algorithm will select cubes with large implied space first strategy.", "sentence2": "it collects the cubes with the largest implied space, and selects one with the lowest correlation.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1266", "sentence1": "As LTE is an infrastructure-based network, vehicles cannot broadcast their safety messages directly to their neighbors; thus, all messages should pass through the infrastructure.", "sentence2": "these messages may congest the network and lead to high delays for some vehicles.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1596", "sentence1": "In our first experiment, we analyze whether the intuition sketched in Figure 1 holds.", "sentence2": "we study whether switching to a receive beampattern that is not the one that provides the highest gain towards a transmitter helps mitigating lateral interference.\n", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2166", "sentence1": "CML is a formal language designed for supporting SoS engineering.", "sentence2": "cML models could be derived from SysML block de.nition and state machine diagrams, thus enabling to describe the combined semantics of constituents in an SoS as synchronous events.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2088", "sentence1": "Surprisingly, we have also noticed subtitle files with differing pace.", "sentence2": "even when they are properly aligned at the first caption entry, they eventually get out of sync with each other.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1395", "sentence1": "In a full-duplex wireless network, an access point and sensor nodes transmit information and power signals simul\u00adtaneously.", "sentence2": "this simultaneous transmission leads to a collision problem.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_513", "sentence1": "As in [42], we generated 1000 orbits for each class where each orbit contains 1000 points.", "sentence2": "we propose a positive definite tree-(sliced-)Wasserstein kernel that generalizes the sliced-Wasserstein kernel [11,36].", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_83", "sentence1": "Experimentally, we have demonstrated that proposed methods are complementary and provide significant improvements over state-of-the-art.", "sentence2": "on benchmark data we have shown that our method improves upon the test set log-likelihood without improving the RMSE, which demonstrate that the uncertainty is a significant improvement over current methods.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3038", "sentence1": "Table 1 contains the number of instructions for each function needed to create a new user.", "sentence2": "an adversary with knowledge that the scheme has been used will be able to retrieve HDF(passwd username) by XOR ing the salt with the ersatzpassword.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_860", "sentence1": "For real-time detection tree-based algorithms seem more suitable than SVMs, due to their fast prediction time.", "sentence2": "such good results regarding identification are crucial for future implementations of practical tools.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1179", "sentence1": "This increases the number of relayed messages in the network considerably while the number of delivered messages remains the same which increases the overhead.", "sentence2": "it increases the amount of network resources that are used to deliver one message to its destination.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2941", "sentence1": "When TrustOTP is running, the Rich OS will be suspended until TrustOTP exits.", "sentence2": "if the OTPs are being displayed for a long time, the user cannot perform any operations in the Rich OS.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1298", "sentence1": "The noise trace is used to test the references implementations to ensure fairness.", "sentence2": "we divide the channel SNR into 2dB bins, and all traced data falling into the same bin is averaged for performance computation.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_444", "sentence1": "The simulation results can be found in Figure 1, and clearly indicate that using greedy planning leads to negligible degradation in the performance.", "sentence2": "the simulations verify our claim that greedy policy updates greatly improve the efficiency of the algorithm while maintaining the same performance.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3895", "sentence1": "The researchers focused on situations where both parties interacted.", "sentence2": "they aimed to observe explicit or implicit negotiations of how security should be treated in software development and of who was to be responsible for taking on security-related tasks given their particular role in the team.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_620", "sentence1": "As an example, using quadratic ReLU as activation function, we solve the explicit dependency on in Appendix C.2 that doesn't rely on Assumption 5.2.", "sentence2": "adversarial training is guaranteed to find a robust classifier under a given attack algorithm when the network width is sufficiently large.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2537", "sentence1": "Effort has been taken to ensure that the core security strategies and underlying issues un\u00adcovered remain intact.", "sentence2": "details such as IP addresses are anonymised.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_761", "sentence1": "We distinguish between two types of average potentials: the expected potential or true potential: and the average potential or empirical potential: The ultimate goal of the boosting algorithm is to minimize the expected potential, which determines the true error rate.", "sentence2": "most boosting algorithms, including XGBoost and LightGBM, focus on minimizing the empirical potential b (S T ), and rely on the limited capacity of the weak rules to guarantee that the true potential is also small.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2789", "sentence1": "Al Bouna et al. presented a system for preserving privacy regarding multimedia objects [21], which can be specifically used for photos [20].", "sentence2": "furthermore, the par\u00adticipants knew that the hidden users were friends of theirs.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3398", "sentence1": "For each run of the optimization pass, allocations are propagated at most a single level up against the di\u00adrection of the call hierarchy.", "sentence2": "running the pass multiple times will increase the maximum scope extension level.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2300", "sentence1": "Overall, total capacitance always increases with a closer die\u00adto-die distance, and the portion of inter-die coupling keeps increasing as well.", "sentence2": "die-by-die extraction, which is unaware of the neighbouring die and ignores the E-field sharing, cannot extract the inter-die coupling capacitance accurately.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1509", "sentence1": "The overall sit\u00aduation is not as grim, however.", "sentence2": "true horror cases are rare; only a negligible amount of identified False web-facing domains ran PHP/3.0 or earlier releases.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1506", "sentence1": "The term LAMP has retained its underlying rationale also in the 2000s and 2010s Internet, although the contemporary nomenclature allows shuffling; the letter P may currently refer also to Python or Perl, and MySQL may be replaced by PostgreSQL, for instance.", "sentence2": "lAMP is best understood as an idiom for a typical open source software stack for developing and servicing web sites.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1872", "sentence1": "This paper calls such a boundary tail-DMR frontier.", "sentence2": "the compiler determines the frontier so that the DMR-enabled part (i.e., tail) has to be as long as the worst-case sensor-based error detection latency.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1127", "sentence1": "The reason FI cancellation works is based on the fact that the signal of FI is correlated with the output signal from the same radio so that FI can be predicted.", "sentence2": "this does not hold for all the interference components, like the one shown in Figure 2(b).", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_899", "sentence1": "Many web servers em\u00adploy virtual hosting to serve multiple HTTPS domains be\u00adhind the same TLS server.", "sentence2": "the same check applies to every other pair of IP address and port where this certificate is used.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2511", "sentence1": "As shown in Figure 2, The Delivery Mode (DM) of the I/O redirection table can be configured as SMI instead of Fixed normally.", "sentence2": "we are able to deliver an SMI to the CPU for every keyboard interrupt; that is, every key press causes our code to execute in SMM.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2409", "sentence1": "In an attempt to construct two-pass leakage-resilient AKE protocols based on the eCK model, three models and pro\u00adtocols have been proposed: The first formalization was the Moriyama-Okamoto (MO) model [8] which allows bounded amount of leakage.", "sentence2": "adversary: The adversary M is a probabilistic polyno\u00admial time (PPT) algorithm which controls all interaction and communication between parties.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3763", "sentence1": "As a result, many potentially useful research results lie fallow, to be reinvented sometimes by practitioners but, typically, in a more limited and, hence, less useful form that is imposed by the specific technology and problem on hand.", "sentence2": "shunned by industry, many researchers do indeed turn to investigating problems that are of little or no practical relevance, which, nevertheless, allows them to publish and thus maintain or enhance their academic standings.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1556", "sentence1": "In this case, all links exhibit fairly good performance for both SL1 and SL2.", "sentence2": "with the lower source level SL1, the phono\u00adabsorbing surfaces tend to suppress the majority of the sec\u00adondary paths: this translates into high PDR for almost all links, and in an improvement of 2 .", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2910", "sentence1": "We note that in [26] and [7], the offline stage is independent of the circuit being evaluated in the online stage, whereas in our protocol, a single circuit is fixed for all computations.", "sentence2": "they are better suited for settings in which the function to be computed is not known ahead of times.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1495", "sentence1": "Formally, a network state is consistent if it is compliant with all the application policies.", "sentence2": "consistent network states correspond to applications with invariant-preserving views.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2633", "sentence1": "Sellwood and Crampton [47] discovered that permissions on newer APIs (including those exclusive to Google developers) would be automatically granted if the application was installed on a device prior to upgrading Android to a newer version.", "sentence2": "a malicious application could tentatively request future permissions (easily retrievable from Android\u2019s open-source code) and wait until the phone is upgrade to support them.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3187", "sentence1": "For the proposed protocol we make use of a secure key derivation function (KDF) to derive cryptographic keys using a secret input data, e.g., a password, with sufficient min-entropy.", "sentence2": "we use a KDF to generate keys for an IND-CPA-secure symmetric encryption and a strongly-unforgeable digital signature scheme.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_986", "sentence1": "Instead, we estimate , which HP U 2 does not need to use preambles of TV signals and therefore does not require x between the primary and the secondary system.", "sentence2": "the SU network operates fully asynchronously.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2648", "sentence1": "A similar vulnerability in these kind of aggregated frames would allow an attacker to craft their own MSDUs.", "sentence2": "we determined that this aggregation method is not vulnerable to our injection attack.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_376", "sentence1": "For any query based approach, it is important to understand the structure of the query space.", "sentence2": "we first study the properties of the query spaces and then develop parametrizations required for efficient elicitation.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_110", "sentence1": "However, we show that at least asymptotically and without further assumptions on the functions \u03b80(z) and \u03a30(z), this cannot be the case.", "sentence2": "we show that our estimator achieves what is known as the semi-parametric efficient variance limit for our setting.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_72", "sentence1": "It is important to recognize that the second objective (exploration) is important only in so far as it facilitates the first (maximizing reward); there is no intrinsic value in reducing uncertainty.", "sentence2": "exploration should be targeted or application specific; it should not excite the system arbitrarily, but rather in such a way that the information gathered is useful for achieving the goal.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3204", "sentence1": "Alternatively, rather than restricting the setting in such ways, we can instead constrain the programs under consideration.", "sentence2": "we can restrict ourselves to so-called recursive coalgebras [6] those that by definition yield unique solutions to the hylo equation, whatever the algebra.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1520", "sentence1": "Theorem 2 dictates that we can always find an optimal frequency combination in a continuous frequency band so that our error tolerance is maximized.", "sentence2": "these systems came with a variety of constraints in order to be extended to a ubiquitous real-time 3D passive device localization system.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2522", "sentence1": "R2: Require no changes to the operating system and cur\u00adrent software stack architecture of iOS.", "sentence2": "we need to ensure that private APIs are still accessible from public frameworks.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3227", "sentence1": "Instead, it indicates the device has been busy at least once since the last read of the busy/idle register.", "sentence2": "if the register shows idle, the device must have been idle since the last read of the busy/idle register.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_575", "sentence1": "Recently, deep generative models have emerged as effective techniques for image animation and video retargeting [2,41,3,42,27,28,37,40,31,21].", "sentence2": "generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) [14] and Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) [20] have been used to transfer facial expressions [37] or motion patterns [3] between human subjects in videos.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3049", "sentence1": "MUDFLOW is not the first work that uses machine learning techniques to detect malicious Android applications.", "sentence2": "it is the only one, together with CHABADA, to train the model only on benign applications [12].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2507", "sentence1": "E-Autocorrelation shares the same property with the conventional autocorrelation, that is, when a periodic event sequence is shifted with a lag that is exactly a multiple of the period, re achieves its maximum.", "sentence2": "e-Autocorrelation is suitable for periodicity detection in event sequences.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1634", "sentence1": "time programming memory allows avoidance of the external ROM and power efficient wakeup.", "sentence2": "this has the drawback of a high programming voltage of more than 5 V, resulting in relatively lower scaling capability and higher operating power.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_283", "sentence1": "(2) As a result, while this robust prediction objective falls within our framework, and regularizes robust attributions, it allows a small regularization term where attributions actually change significantly but they cancel each other in summation.", "sentence2": "the control over robust attributions can be weak.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3321", "sentence1": "It is often hard to decide whether something is a tactic or a pattern, because there is no precise definition for tactics.", "sentence2": "in this work we simply take a given set of safety tactics from [Preschern et al., 2013] (where a more detailed explanation about safety tactics can be found) and consider every architecture which uses several of these tactics as architectural safety patterns.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3525", "sentence1": "However, recall worsens at higher granularities.", "sentence2": "increasing the resolution of analysis decreases the ability of the algorithm to observe drifts occurring at finer granularities.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2154", "sentence1": "Traditional OS page cache management policies operate as demand paging replace\u00adment policies.", "sentence2": "when a memory access occurs to a page that is not resident in cache, the replacement policy decides which victim page to evict from the cache to make room for the freshly-\u00adaccessed page.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1490", "sentence1": "We can do better than past algorithms by modifying the rules in various semantics-preserving ways, instead of simply packing the existing rules into the available space\u2014this is the key observation that leads to our superior algorithm.", "sentence2": " we \u201csplice\u201d the dependency chain by creating a small number of new rules that cover many low-weight rules and send the affected packets to the software switch.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1656", "sentence1": "on average, our technique further improves wns and tns by 13.42% and 20.18%, respectively.", "sentence2": "the more expressive reductions are obtained on circuit vga lcd: 50.22% on wns and 89.52% on tns.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_835", "sentence1": "If a node has more neighbors, the node resides in a more important position.", "sentence2": "the node with larger connectivity degree should have more probability to be elected as the CH.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2733", "sentence1": "Intuitively, the ability to observe plaintext query outputs can leak the classi.ca\u00adtion of data tuples.", "sentence2": "the data host can ob\u00adserve what tuples are used in the output construction, and the query output associates classi.cations to those tuples.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_228", "sentence1": "In order to integrate the objects in the expected way defined by the scene graph as well as maintaining the visual appearance of the objects, we designed a Crop Refining Network as well as an attentionbased Object-Image Fuser, which can encode the spatial arrangements and visual appearance of the objects as well as their pair-wise interactions into one scene canvas.", "sentence2": "it can encode the complicated interactions between the objects.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_216", "sentence1": "In this work, we examined the inductive bias of CNNs, and challenged the accepted view that FCNs are unable to generalize as well as CNNs on visual tasks.", "sentence2": "we showed that the CNN prior is mainly useful during the early stages of training, to prevent the unconstrained FCN from falling prey of spurious solutions with poor generalization too early.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3882", "sentence1": "In a nutshell, the Tuckman model says that teams fight several conflicts before they start performing.", "sentence2": "team performance curves should show a certain behavior after the initial team setup, team reconfiguration, and over time.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1516", "sentence1": "The reason is that in Wi-Fi and cellular networks the output power levels take values from a discrete set of size N, where N< 100.", "sentence2": "when K = 1, we omit the indices.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2602", "sentence1": "The latter addresses the case where at a time t1 a user has access to t or more endorsed tokens of a file unit Fi, but at a time t2 > t1, his access rights are revoked.", "sentence2": "at the time t2 , the user has access to fewer than t endorsed tokens.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2699", "sentence1": "A hidden, developmental feature called \"AppOps\", included with Android 4.3 and 4.4, allowed this to be done on a limited basis.", "sentence2": "this feature was removed in subsequent Android versions.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1809", "sentence1": "First, a local core can continue its execution after invoking a non-blocking remote function call since the core does not have to wait for the termination of the function.", "sentence2": "it allows hiding remote access latency because sender cores can perform their own work while messages are being transferred and processed.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2569", "sentence1": "Second, for concrete\u00adness we chose our construction to be in the Turing Machine model, however, we believe it could be fairly easily adjusted to a different model such as RAM by simply letting the next position be a function of the state into [0, S-1] as opposed to moving the head position.", "sentence2": "our proof struc\u00adture would remain the same with this minor change to the construction.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1459", "sentence1": "InitCond: This condition requires that any initial state returned  by the implementation's init function has a 0 received-message count according to Rec.", "sentence2": "the initial state should not have received any update from any node.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3721", "sentence1": "Existing approaches to find a solution to an exception mainly suffer from several limitations.", "sentence2": "none of them recommend both code snippets and relevant program\u00admers discussions together.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3562", "sentence1": "Also pre-escaping and post-escaping strings are completely application and context-sensitive.", "sentence2": "these escaping characters will be determined considering the context and the surrounding characters of the injection point.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2956", "sentence1": "Type-based CFIs [2, 24, 31, 42] reduce the average indirect targets (AIT) by checking indirect branches with type.", "sentence2": "mCFI [31] checks type and number of parameters, Forward-edge CFI [42] checks the number of parameters, Safedispatch [24] and vfGuard [2] check class type for virtual function calls.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_743", "sentence1": "He is also grateful to Salesforce Research, Facebook Research, and Amazon AI for faculty awards supporting his lab's research on robust deep learning under distribution shift.", "sentence2": "our paper extends the setup of (Wang et al., 2019) and empirically studies the problem of developing image classifiers robust to a variety of natural shifts without leveraging any domain information at training or deployment time.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1868", "sentence1": "In partic\u00adular, Clover avoids such high overhead by integrating idempotent processing that recovers from soft errors by simply re-executing the region in which they occur.", "sentence2": "even if soft errors have already corrupted architectural states, Clover can recover from the errors, and the detection latency does not need to be zero.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1540", "sentence1": "The ASIC handles all traffic that can be served from the hardware table and passes the rest to the software for\u00adwarders.", "sentence2": "the moment the rule is promoted to the hard\u00adware table, there is packet reordering (directly proportional to the amount of buffering in the software forwarder and the hardware-table update latency tup), but throughput climbs to line rate within 20ms.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3718", "sentence1": "Our subjects were only made up of students.", "sentence2": "related work is discussed in Section V. ", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_881", "sentence1": "HTTP/2 defines a general multiplexed transport designed mainly for HTTP messages, but that can accommodate other messaging application protocols.", "sentence2": "we can use HTTP/2 framing layer to transport WebSocket-like messages over an HTTP/2 stream rather than over a dedicated TCP connection.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_670", "sentence1": "In practice the k-step solvability can be treated as an evolving concept that changes gradually as the learning goes.", "sentence2": "at the beginning, an agent can only walk with small paces as it has learned from experiences collected by random movements.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1737", "sentence1": "In practice, this may lead to premature failure of these cells.", "sentence2": "although FPC is successful in reducing cumulative bit-writes, it may do so at the cost of NVM endurance by increasing the peak bitwrites per cell.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2298", "sentence1": "Inter-die coupling E-.elds are mostly limited between a few metal layers because of E-field shielding from metal wires.", "sentence2": "it is safe to ignore a few metal layers as in our in-context extraction, which still captures most of inter-die coupling E-.elds.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_280", "sentence1": "Machine learning models, especially deep neural networks, have achieved impressive performance across a variety of domains including image classification, natural language processing, and speech recognition.", "sentence2": "these techniques can easily be fooled by adversarial examples, i.e., carefully perturbed input samples aimed to cause misclassification during the test phase.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1853", "sentence1": "Second, we are investigating the benefits of combining the memory and file system layers for byte-addressable persistent memories.", "sentence2": " we are evaluating the benefits of a combined indirection layer for leveraging existing file system code as a control plane to manage persistent memory while leveraging virtual memory as a high-performance data plane to access persistent memory.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_438", "sentence1": "Given an `2 N, let m `be the sum of the multiplicities of the first `nonzero top eigenvalues of L K .", "sentence2": "the following corollary follows immediately from Corollary 2.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_148", "sentence1": "We identify two main directions for future work: 1) consider settings where the parts are unknown (or \"latent\") and need to be discovered/learned from data; 2) Consider more general locality assumptions.", "sentence2": "for a smaller , such advantage becomes less prominent even when the number of parts is large.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2697", "sentence1": "Several papers analyze the current Android permission system [13, 27, 4].", "sentence2": "these works highlight the main problems that affect the current permission system (e.g., being too coarse-grained or not customizable by the user).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1370", "sentence1": "We identify most parking domains with more than one of our three methods.", "sentence2": "we identify all but 124 of nearly 280,000 domains on our set of parking name servers with another approach.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_638", "sentence1": "As a corollary of our main result (Theorem 1.2), we answer this question in the affirmative.", "sentence2": "we obtain an efficient algorithm that achieves misclassification error arbitrarily close to \u03b7 for all LTFs.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_17", "sentence1": "There may be some regimes where other approximate methods or combinations of methods outperform these two approximations.", "sentence2": "for SGPR, we perform 100 iterations of Adam with a learning rate of 0.1.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2622", "sentence1": "The present study concentrates on the second view to assess regional development.", "sentence2": "these proposals emphasize the complex nature of regional development by breaking the quality of life in a region in several dimensions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2436", "sentence1": "For example, consider an alternative to source-routing, which is table-based routing, but with shortest-paths.", "sentence2": "the client does not provide a route; rather, the nodes in the wireless sensor network are capable of routing by themselves.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_87", "sentence1": "The computational cost of 1 CG step is comparable to 1 inner GD step with the MAML algorithm, since both require 1 hessianvector product (see section C for discussion).", "sentence2": "the computational cost as well as memory of iMAML with 100 inner GD steps is significantly smaller than MAML with 100 GD steps.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3311", "sentence1": "However, if there is no trace of the original roles within the pattern definition, it is possible to modify the elements of copied solution in an arbitrary way after the pattern has been applied.", "sentence2": "the properties of the solution, for instance with respect to safety, might not be valid within the system although a pattern guaranteeing these has been used.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3268", "sentence1": "As mentioned earlier, each world also maintains a version number, which increments monotonously with every modification that happens at the world.", "sentence2": "when the state changes from SQ to SQI, the version number would increment by 1.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3464", "sentence1": "However, he also reveals that the MSD SpeedLockDoors activates this MSD, if he simulates both use cases together.", "sentence2": "the coordination behavior requirements specify that the speed locking activates the turn signals during driving, which can cause safety-critical confusion in the traffic.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_660", "sentence1": "Our analysis then consists of two main parts where each part bounds one of the terms in the RHS above.", "sentence2": "we first prove that given the partial comparisons seen so far, we can obtain a relatively good estimation to the rank of the arrived element, and then in the second part, we show that we can typically find an unassigned position in the close proximity of this estimated rank to assign to it.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2223", "sentence1": "However, MD5 has other attributes that make it a useful complement to the various memorybandwidth and .oating-point intensive algorithms already in SHOC.", "sentence2": "like many hash functions, MD5 contains many integer and bit-wise operations.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2385", "sentence1": "Hence the importance of Fracticality.", "sentence2": "validating personas in this manner became tricky, as interviews elicited powerful emotional responses from participants, necessitating caution.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1143", "sentence1": "The reason is that offsets are frequency independent.", "sentence2": "we find that the CSI phase accuracy can be further improved by leveraging the primarily spliced result", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1181", "sentence1": "A Bluetooth scatternet can thus link together more than 8 devices.", "sentence2": "the notion of macronet is wider than that of scatternet, as the micronets forming a macronet can use different communication technologies.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1529", "sentence1": "Since the only component enqueueing to the input queue is the receiver, flow rate can be controlled to some extent.", "sentence2": "when the receiver enqueues a certain number of requests to the input queue, it requests a context-switch to the scheduler of lightweight threads.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2822", "sentence1": "Consequently, L3 Tor s and HORNET s goodput is 32% less than that of LAP and Dovetail.", "sentence2": "with the FSes for all nodes on both paths,FSf andFSb , S ii is ready to start the data transmission phase.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3728", "sentence1": "The technical dependencies that exist between projects define the structure of the ecosystem [2].", "sentence2": "identifying technical dependencies between software projects is a useful way to identify ecosystems.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1197", "sentence1": "It can be seen that IHS converges after about 3800 iterations and SA doesn t arrive in a stable state.", "sentence2": "but the illumination requirement is left out of account.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3257", "sentence1": "We consider a scenario in which development is underway for the release rn, which started with source code from the release rn-1.", "sentence2": "the commits submitted after the release rn-1 are for the release rn.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3362", "sentence1": "No single source document of guidelines for mandatory log events exists to provide a comprehensive overview of what a software engineer should log.", "sentence2": "for our current work, we present a methodology for identifying mandatory log events based on natural-language artifacts specific to the individual software system.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2", "sentence1": "classification that aims to distinguish among cat, dog and others.", "sentence2": "in each step t + 1, each class y aggregates prototypes from its neighbors (parents and children) by multi-head attention, and chooses between the aggregated message or the message from itself by a gate g to update its prototype.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1042", "sentence1": "There\u00adfore this assumption could be dropped if one is not interested in implementing an absMAC that performs local broadcast exactly in G1-e.", "sentence2": "our absMAC implementation outputs rcv events for all bcast-messages received, which can be modified if required by other higher-level algorithms designed for absMACs and when the G1-e-neighborhood is known.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3021", "sentence1": "The total number of disclosed coefficients is counted separately in order to avoid having common disclosed vectors in the three centering groups.", "sentence2": "we have observed that no common disclosed vector is found in the three groups.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1380", "sentence1": "The success of these WiFi deployment hinges on this key question: how do smartphone users select a network from the alternatives available to them?", "sentence2": "wiFi-user ratio differs between the two device OSes rather than cellular carriers.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2067", "sentence1": "the zero-load broadcast latency of BoWNoC is scalable as it remains constant when varying the number of cores.", "sentence2": "the MAC protocol must also be scalable (which is a challenge in itself ) in order to retain such latency advantage.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2550", "sentence1": "If such sensitive information is leaked out of the browser without protection, it can be used by unauthorized parties to illegally access users\u2019 online accounts, steal their online identities, or track their online behaviors. ", "sentence2": "banning extensions that may leak users\u2019 sensitive information is also necessary and important.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2346", "sentence1": "During these successive iterations, the available ADL can be used to enhance the deployment process.", "sentence2": "the Design-Space Exploration (DSE) process for optimal deploy\u00adment can be influenced by taking into account information available in the ADL.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1552", "sentence1": "HyPer4 can preemptively declare statically bound registers, counters, and meters for every table that emulates the match piece of a match-action stage, but this approach is likely to prove infeasible for many hardware P4 targets.", "sentence2": "registers can vary in width, which for the preemptive ap\u00adproach would require HyPer4 registers be declared with sufficient width to cover the maximum need, resulting in a lot of wasted register memory for the average case.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_293", "sentence1": "In order to circumvent the need for samples of unseen classes, we treat the non-existing data as missing examples.", "sentence2": "our network aims to find optimal unseen datapoints and model parameters, by iteratively following the generating and learning strategy.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2113", "sentence1": "If the adversary controls the third server, he can now figure out whether Alice and Bob are talking!", "sentence2": "if Alice and Bob are communicating, the third server will see two exchanges for the same dead drop; otherwise, it will not.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3878", "sentence1": "The code samples did not show any way to do this other than the [&] so that participants would not be confused and delayed.", "sentence2": "our code samples can be considered generous for the lambda group, as we asked participants to use lambdas in only simple ways.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3129", "sentence1": "A naive method is setting a constant threshold and once the sound signal magnitude or instantaneous power exceeds the threshold, a stroke is detected.", "sentence2": "since noise levels are usually different in different environments, and the aver\u00adage noise power varies over time, it is hard to assign such a threshold.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2410", "sentence1": "For efficient data management and economic benefits, organiza\u00adtions are increasingly moving towards the paradigm of database as a service\" by which their data are managed by a database man\u00adagement system (DBMS) hosted in a public cloud.", "sentence2": "we observe that there is an overall in\u00adcrease by 44% on the server side.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2594", "sentence1": "However, these negative authorizations are not correctly interpreted by ACDH2 and ACDH3 .", "sentence2": "they are propagated both up and down the hierarchy in ACDH3 and up the hierarchy in ACDH2 , thus restricting the access to data elements which the user wants to disclose.\n", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_343", "sentence1": "Out of curiosity we also trained a \"two-stage\" STN where we train the localization network separately in a supervised fashion.", "sentence2": "we use a randomly transformed version of the training data, treating the transformation parameters as prediction targets.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3251", "sentence1": "The flowlet API is also similar to Hadoop MapReduce one for easy use.", "sentence2": "the internal mechanism is considerably different.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3737", "sentence1": "In the context of ecosystem, the platform provider may want to design its APIs simple enough to encourage niche creation.", "sentence2": "an API providing higher level of penetrability to the platform would be more appropriate to more established partner companies who prefer to have more understanding and control of the platform.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1644", "sentence1": "We note in passing that rIOMMU relies on the predictability of the order of IOVA (un)mappings not the order by which the IOVAs are used by the device.", "sentence2": "so long as IOVAs are valid (mapped), they can be used out of order.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3302", "sentence1": "Previous section discussed some basic ideas on what to save and where to save for the snapshot.", "sentence2": "web platforms allow multiple apps to run on a single JavaScript engine. ", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2827", "sentence1": "When a web server initiates an outgoing connection on its own accord, the CBSP is not used as a proxy.", "sentence2": "the origin establishes a direct connection with an external host, effectively exposing its IP address to that particular host.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3735", "sentence1": "To answer RQ1, we analyze 3,956 unresolved questions from Stack Overflow using four different aspects lexical, semantic, user behaviour and popularity.", "sentence2": "we compare the unresolved questions with resolved questions from data gathering step (Section II) using those aspects, and attempt to determine if there exist any noticeable differences between them.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_579", "sentence1": "These methods all use queries to obtain knowledge of the black-box model, and train/find surrogate models to generate adversarial examples, with the purpose of improving the transferability.", "sentence2": "we do not optimize the surrogate model, but focus on utilizing the gradient of a fixed surrogate model to obtain a more accurate gradient estimate.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1134", "sentence1": "Since these down link sequences need to be detected prior to synchronization, they must have low streaming auto-correlations, both with themselves and the other sequences in the orthogonal set.", "sentence2": "since the sequences must be detectable without knowledge of when they start, the receiver must perform a full correlation at every sample, thus a time-shift of the sequences must produce a low correlation; otherwise it could cause an erroneous detection.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1491", "sentence1": "If the TCAM can store four rules, we cannot select the four rules with highest traffic volume (i.e., R2, R3, R5, and R6), because packets that should match R1 (with pattern 000) would match R2 (with pattern 00*); similarly, some packets (say with header 110) that should match R4 would match R5 (with pattern 1*0).", "sentence2": "rules R2 and R5 depend on rules R1 and R4, respectively.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3312", "sentence1": "In the used UML modeler, the targets of the role binding are only shown by their name.", "sentence2": "we added stereotyped dependencies to the elements of the pattern solution (in the right hand side of the figure 6) for illustration purposes we did that for the two software components only, the other elements are bound as well in the model.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3791", "sentence1": "To address these problems, we developed an automated compiler support based on the latest advances in polyhedral frameworks (e.g., [5, 36]) to greatly reduce the human design effort currently required to create effectively synthesizable specification of designs using HLS tools.", "sentence2": "we developed compiler support for source-to-source transformations to optimize critical resources such as memory bandwidth to off-chip memory and on-chip buffer capacity [27].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_441", "sentence1": "Recent works have shown that stochastic gradient descent (SGD) achieves the fast convergence rates of full-batch gradient descent for over-parameterized models satisfying certain interpolation conditions.", "sentence2": "the step-size used in these works depends on unknown quantities and SGD's practical performance heavily relies on the choice of this step-size.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_103", "sentence1": "These memories, together with the generic statistical priors encoded in receptive fields and connectivity of neurons, serve as internal models of the world for predicting incoming visual experiences.", "sentence2": "it is not clear why early visual cortex needs to be involved in the encoding of spatiotemporal memories and what computational roles it might play.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1557", "sentence1": "A specific case of technique i) above is the addition of metal dust to butyl rubber [17]: this achieves a better matching with the water impedance and increases the attenuation of sound energy in the material.", "sentence2": "this type of rubber tends to absorb water over time, which degrades its phono\u00adabsorbing properties.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_368", "sentence1": "To encode this form of equivariance for human pose regression tasks, we propose \"chirality nets.\"", "sentence2": "the output of a chirality net is guaranteed to be equivariant w.r.t. a transformation composed of reflections and label switching. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1124", "sentence1": "The design of light beacons is driven by the observation that while the perceived light intensity represents the sum of all incoming light rays, these light rays can be separated in the frequency domain if they flash at different frequencies.", "sentence2": "if we transform a time series of perceived light intensity to the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), we can observe frequency power peaks at the frequencies at which these light rays flash.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2714", "sentence1": "Cyber crime, increasingly the work of large networks of individuals, is best countered with a similarly organized structure [7].", "sentence2": "it clearly confirms that understanding and investigating cyber crime take a Network to Defeat a Network.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2845", "sentence1": "This approach is e.ective when large portions of the sequences have unique alphabets, such as the lines of a source code.", "sentence2": "a system call sequence has a limited alphabet, while the sequence itself is usually long.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2544", "sentence1": "Backes et al. [5] and Gionta et al. [25] later proposed two execute-only memory solutions: XnR and HideM respectively.", "sentence2": "these two approaches do not consider the threat of pointer harvesting.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2217", "sentence1": "We represent user-defined data types as statically-sized bit vectors in hardware; if a definition is recursive, we cannot determine how many bits to assign to the recursive component at compile time.", "sentence2": "we replace recursive portions of these data types with a pointer data type e.g. a non-empty integer list defined as Cons Int List becomes Cons Int Ref, where Ref can be defined as a primitive numeric type.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2470", "sentence1": "If the time window is enlarged to 15 minutes, then 99.8% of HTTP requests and their dependencies are included.", "sentence2": "the HTTP requests with dependents are temporally close to each other, despite some rare cases.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2918", "sentence1": "However, the accuracy of our attack depends on all the 6 successive classifications.", "sentence2": "only all the results of the 6 classifications are non-zero will lead to a non-zero final result.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_828", "sentence1": "If the difference is larger than SINR, a frame with stronger received power results in Collision/Capture and the other frame with weak received power results in Collision/Error.", "sentence2": "if the difference is smaller than SINR, both frames result in Collision/Error.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2129", "sentence1": "The similarity between spatial computing and an assembly line and with data routing in general, calls for examining the relevance of various buffering, queuing and routing schemes and constructs used there to the organization and interconnection of operand memory in a spatial computer.", "sentence2": "it is important to create a set of such constructs and to implement them efficiently as building blocks in the hardware (just like lookup tables, flip flops, multipliers and connections).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3056", "sentence1": "Because the links between the application and its libraries are only resolved at load time and because they are stored in the form of easily readable symbol information, attackers can study which external functionality the program requires and influence the linking process to their own advantage.", "sentence2": "attackers can hook a shared library, which means that run-time invocations to shared library functionality are redirected to code controlled by the attacker.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3165", "sentence1": "Notice that a static adversary can still collude with corrupted users but these are under the control of the attacker right from the start.", "sentence2": "the attacker can create both honest and corrupted users but cannot corrupt honest users.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3696", "sentence1": "The level of obtrusiveness is an appropriate dimension to position different research strategies on, as it indicates the level of involvement of participants in a study or the level of involvement that a researcher has in creating the study setting.", "sentence2": "the term simulation in this context refers to the artificially created setting in which the experiment or the observed behavior takes place.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3842", "sentence1": "Hafiz et al. inspected the architecture of mail transfer agents.", "sentence2": "they compared the architecture of qmail in terms of an efficient security pattern usage in contrast to send mail [Hafiz et al. 2004].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3196", "sentence1": "We found that participants were engaged and able to envision themselves using the product when they could interact with a prototype, enabling them to consider additional features and consider what would make the most sense for their family.", "sentence2": "we found that children were more engaged when interacting with the prototype versus when being interviewed.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_127", "sentence1": "We also show how such dynamics models can be integrated into larger network systems to learn dynamics over complex output spaces.", "sentence2": "we show how to combine the model with a variational auto-encoder (VAE) [11] to learn dynamic \"video textures\" [18].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_932", "sentence1": "In general, for k such parallel routes we would have, the probability of breakage as Pk = (P1)k where P1 is probability of breakage of single route.", "sentence2": "the probability of communication of breakage between Source and Destination is reduced exponentially if parallel routes are used.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2268", "sentence1": "Thus, the latency is highly predictable at the SystemC-level.", "sentence2": "to achieve diversity, we choose benchmarks from computation kernels with different applications.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2077", "sentence1": "Inside this droplet, the luminescent process takes place or not, according to the presence or absence of signal- Figure 3: Graphic representation of the adopted encoding approach ing molecules.", "sentence2": "downstream the signaling molecule detector, a sequence of luminescent and non luminescent droplets is produced, where the luminescent droplet represents the bit 1 and the non-luminescent droplet represents the bit 0 .", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_533", "sentence1": "In contrast, this paper shows that Step Decay schedules, which cut the learning rate by a constant factor every constant number of epochs (i.e., the learning rate decays geometrically) offer significant improvements over any polynomially decaying step size schedule.", "sentence2": "the behavior of the final iterate with step decay schedules is off from the statistical minimax rate by only log factors (in the condition number for the strongly convex case, and in T in the non-strongly convex case).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2940", "sentence1": "To provide secure and efficient communication among components, SeCage follows the idea of separating control plane from data plane by using the VMFUNC feature from Intel's hardware\u00adassisted virtualization support.", "sentence2": "seCage first designates the security policy on which secret compartment is invokable by another compartment to the CPU, and allows such an invocation from being done without the hypervisor intervention.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3949", "sentence1": "Thus, given that the number of rewrite operations for STT-MRAM is a perfectly feasible number for main memory or CPU cache, STT-MRAM has the potential of serving as the main memory of computer systems like DRAM does today.", "sentence2": "one disadvantage of STT-MRAM is that the write energy will be 102 times larger than that of DRAM.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_683", "sentence1": "Notice that the F1 score is relatively stable with respect to the hyperparameter change.", "sentence2": "changing \u03bb from 0.001 to 0.1 the performance over the dataset changes by at most 1.2% in F1 score, while changing \u03c1inter and \u03c1intra from 0.01 to 10, the performance changes by at most 0.6% and 2.1%, respectively.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1534", "sentence1": "To filter out these dirty subcarriers with abnormal CSI changes, our first step stems from the power increase observation at some subcarriers.", "sentence2": "when the CSI amplitude of the k-th subcarrier is increased instead of decreased, we know the subcarrier is affected by multipaths and the CSI measurement at this subcarrier should be filtered out.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3377", "sentence1": "Furthermore, white boxes denote the stencil group exe\u00adcution times computed as the sum of the maximum between stencil execution times and communication times.", "sentence2": "we estimate the execution time ts of a stencil's that performs cs floating point operations as the time needed to compute the stencil without considering any communication cost.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2016", "sentence1": "However, the exponential rise in delay due to the parasitic capacitance becomes painfully evident as the size of the LUT increases.", "sentence2": "lUT size of 12 is over five times slower than it s SRAM counterpart.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2867", "sentence1": "Moreover, the domain of storage side-channel defense introduces important differences that require innovation.", "sentence2": "ince the values that our system must perturb to interfere with side channels are ones that are used by other software, it is important that our modifications do not violate invariants on which that software depends.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_15", "sentence1": "The observations are also in line with the expected error bounds we give in this paper and those previously available.", "sentence2": "in the n = 1 regime, the expected error of MRE-C-log algorithm goes to zero as the number of machines increases, while the expected errors of the previously available estimators remain lower bounded by a constant.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2218", "sentence1": "We select an energy efficient RF size for comparison against the nonoptimized and the pruned radix-2 implementations.", "sentence2": "if the vector register width is W , the number of memory  min(m, 2N k ) subset_acc(N, m, k, W ) = (7) W We use the ceiling operator so that if the number of non-zero points is not a multiple of SIMD width W , then the additional load fetches the remaining values.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2381", "sentence1": "These aspects are mainly, the security and the performance.", "sentence2": "performance optimization has been a strategic weapon in multiple scientific and industrial areas.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1215", "sentence1": "ROCH capabilities are demonstrated through multiple graphical user interfaces (GUIs) at the relay (R1, R2), destination (D), and trace recorder (TR) nodes.", "sentence2": "gUIs at both secondary relay nodes illustrate real-time SINR and queueing information, while the laptop-PC, that controls the secondary destination and primary receiver (PRx) nodes, compares the instantaneous throughput between the primary link (PTx\u2013 PRx) and the secondary two-hop network. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2024", "sentence1": "This includes all solutions that make the target state reachable one cycle after a k-reachable state, and therefore the solution set of Algorithm 2 is a superset of the solution set of Algorithm 1.", "sentence2": "the solution set of Algorithm 2 can include solutions that would be discarded in Algorithm 1.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3019", "sentence1": "Just recently, a novel probably approximately correct (PAC) learning framework has been developed, which ensures the ultimate delivery of a mathematical clone for pre-defined levels of confidence and accuracy [10].", "sentence2": "arbiter PUF manufacturers have been forced to propose countermeasures including XOR arbiter PUFs as an effective technical action [34].", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_105", "sentence1": "We ask for algorithms that enforce well-studied statistical fairness constraints across two protected populations (we focus on the \"equal opportunity\" constraint of [18], which enforces equalized false positive rates or false negative rates, but our techniques also apply to other statistical fairness constraints like \"statistical parity\" [12]).", "sentence2": "we ask for algorithms that satisfy these constraints (with respect to the unknown underlying distribution) at every round of the learning procedure.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3043", "sentence1": "The Pin-based version of DynaGuard incurs an average overhead of 170.66%.", "sentence2": "this overhead is dominated by the native DBI framework (Pin), with DynaGuard adding only 2.92% on top of that, on average.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3908", "sentence1": "The GC assumes the heap is contiguous, so the original blocks of these instances cannot remain empty.", "sentence2": "since a block's size is calculated from the class of the object within it, a block cannot remain an instance of the class as the class is now bigger than the block containing it, and traversing such a block would break the heap structure.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_783", "sentence1": "This cannot be guaranteed with robust splits without pruning since the tree construction process is greedy, and some training examples are also influenced by splits at different branches.", "sentence2": "in order to control the upper bound on the robust loss globally over the whole tree as in (8), and not just for the current subtree as in ( 9), we need a post-hoc approach that takes into account the structure of the whole tree.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_493", "sentence1": "In particular, pruning more than 60% of the Enc-Dec attention heads will result in catastrophic performance degradation, while the encoder and decoder self-attention layers can still produce reasonable translations (with BLEU scores around 30) with only 20% of the original attention heads.", "sentence2": "encoder-decoder attention is much more dependent on multi-headedness than self-attention.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3725", "sentence1": "They found different coupling patterns in projects with different development style.", "sentence2": "in test-driven projects there is a strong coupling between production and test code, while other projects have a weaker coupling between testing and development.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1347", "sentence1": "When either happens, NetProxy intercepts the ARP request, changes the source hardware address (SHA) of the requester with that of the ENI of the proxy gateway, and finally forwards the modified packet on the other network interface.", "sentence2": "similarly, Figure 3b shows that the density distribution of the number of packets in the EN during each interval has much gentler slopes than that describing the conditions in the IN in the same intervals.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1986", "sentence1": "However, VOSPA always outperforms OPT as long as N is larger than 2.", "sentence2": "vOSPA achieves a reactant reduction by 22% and 37% as compared to OPT if a Mixer-4 and Mixer-8 is utilized, respectively.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_389", "sentence1": "Fifth, we introduce a method of comparison that anchors at the most or least privileged group to show that intersectional identities suffer from such bias as well, and more so than their minority identities.", "sentence2": "we show that the effect of race on intersectional identities seems to be larger than the effect of gender.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1033", "sentence1": "This allows us to reuse the receiver design from the prover for the verifier, which greatly simplified the implementation.", "sentence2": "both verifier and receiver shared the same design and most components.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2500", "sentence1": "Second, the use of SYN proxy limits the num\u00adber of connections that can be forwarded.", "sentence2": "the maximum number of connections forwarded to a specific {I P, port} pair is 64513 (see Section 4.2).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1308", "sentence1": "In synchronized approaches, nodes negotiate a schedule in order to align their active or sleep periods.", "sentence2": "the sender node knows when its neighbors are awake and able to receive data packets.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2370", "sentence1": "In this section, we evaluate the proposed method with the dataset collected from households with simple sensors and user-generated activity labels.", "sentence2": "we focus on the question whether the unknown activity classes are correctly estimated.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3626", "sentence1": "First, at line 4, Dcurr is not set to the DOM snapshot; instead, Dcurr is built incrementally by adding XPaths to it for the referenced UI elements, one at a time.", "sentence2": "dcurr corresponds to the DOM induced by the test steps in the current candidate subroutine.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1716", "sentence1": "For R on=10^5 \u03a9, the critical falling point is around 0.66V.", "sentence2": "the ON and OFF states of memristor can be respectively mapped to HIGH and LOW of V out if setting Vg within the range from 0.34V to 0.66V.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3337", "sentence1": "A model derived by WI can be used to generate artificial workloads that are close to the actual workload but may have random mutations/omissions.", "sentence2": "we can now define the high-level problem solved by WI: Given an input sequence T that we will treat as training data, we wish to compute k and a Markov model M\u03b8(k) \u2208 Mk such that M\u03b8(k) is a \u201cgood\u201d abstraction for the process that generated T.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1246", "sentence1": "Unlike CAs, IP PKGs need not to interact with users during the signed object verifying procedures.", "sentence2": "once private keys are obtained, the sIP address holders will no longer necessary to communicate with the IP PKGs, thus signif\u00adicantly reducing the communication and transmission cost while implementing routing veri.cation procedures.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3334", "sentence1": "Sony, Nvidia, Amazon and OnLive are among the providers that currently offer cloud gaming services [1 3, 10].", "sentence2": "cloud gaming faces a key technical dilemma: how can players attain real-time interactivity in the face of wide-area latency?", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_374", "sentence1": "The proposed model, which achieves compelling results, leverages those cues by combining a long-short-term-memory (LSTM) module based deep net with attention over objects to obtain grounding and context.", "sentence2": "the proposed model is also very intricate.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3242", "sentence1": "Finally, out of the three, last chunk strategy performs the worst in terms of stall and switch statistics.", "sentence2": "harmonic-based strategy has commensurate stall and switching statistics.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_637", "sentence1": "In the RCN model, the large margin case is easy because the learning problem is essentially convex.", "sentence2": "there is a convex surrogate that allows us to formulate the problem as a convex program.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_46", "sentence1": "Here, for a given prior P(c * ), the goal of learning is to identify C * either exactly (when \u00ce\u00bb = 0) or approximately (when \u00ce\u00bb > 0), while bounding the expected number of queries (x it , x jt ) made to the ground-truth matrix \u00ce\u00a3, the expectation being over the noise, and possibly over P(c * ).", "sentence2": "if C is the clustering produced by the algorithm after it stops, we would like to prove upper bounds on E[d H (\u00ce\u00a3 * , C)], as related to the number of active learning rounds, as well as to the properties of the prior distribution.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2960", "sentence1": "This allows him to label columns of A with the corresponding attribute values.", "sentence2": "given prior information about a specific record, such as its location in a dataset or the value of its attribute, he can infer other attributes for that record (i.e., the pick up day for a taxi ride.)", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1766", "sentence1": "Fortunately, according to [1], the fully parallelized SEC-DED design is simple and fast, with only 14k gates of hardware and one cycle for either the encoding or the decod\u00ading process.", "sentence2": "the 4EC-5ED design needs about 50k gates and a 14-cycle decoding latency.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1169", "sentence1": "From such data one can infer that if a user appears in two different cells within a short span of time, that a handover took place, and that the coverage areas of the two cells overlap.", "sentence2": "one can infer geographic information from handover behavior.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3868", "sentence1": "In comparison with previous work [53, 54] our analysis is backed by theory and compares random sampling to the limit of selection.", "sentence2": "the results from our study are applicable to techniques such as clustering using static analysis, and even improved strata sampling techniques.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2209", "sentence1": "Then the second field value 1024 indicates that LBA 2 starts with byte 1024 of chunk A.", "sentence2": "by deducting 1024 from 1100, we can derive that the last 76 bytes of chunk A are stored in the beginning of LBA 2.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_308", "sentence1": "With this we compute the disentanglement metrics and use the following score to measure the unfairness of the predictions where T V is the total variation.", "sentence2": "we compare the average total variation of the prediction after intervening on s, thus directly measuring the violation of demographic parity.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1700", "sentence1": "Much previous work studied cache locking's execution time predictability benefits and phase classification for exploiting an application's runtime variability in isolation.", "sentence2": "little prior work exploits cache locking for optimizing the cache's performance and/or energy consumption while considering runtime variability.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1696", "sentence1": " Additionally, since an application typically processes much more data than the number of instructions executed, most prior cache locking methods, if applied directly to the data cache, would require a large data cache and/or potentially result in runtime overhead in terms of performance and/or energy, since complex runtime analysis wou6 ld be required due to the inherent runtime variability of data caching [21].", "sentence2": "we propose a new methodology for leveraging cache locking for data cache performance and energy consumption optimizations in general purpose embedded systems.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2731", "sentence1": "In this section, we propose a privacy-preserving system using an algorithm from the same family as k-NN.", "sentence2": "k-NN is a specific case of kernel density esti\u00admation (as discussed in Section 2.2).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2140", "sentence1": "Hence, the larger the block size, the more likely for blocks to be downgraded to slow blocks.", "sentence2": "it may be possible to architect blocks to define new logical blocks composed of fast, normal, and slow physical blocks.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2600", "sentence1": "We note that the security of the un\u00adderlying block-cipher prevents the adversary from recovering partial bits of any cleartext block.", "sentence2": "the adversary can only learn entire blocks of cleartext.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_214", "sentence1": "For the multi-view representation, CPM-Nets jointly considers multi-view complementarity and class distribution, making them mutually improve each other to obtain the representation reflecting the underlying patterns.", "sentence2": "the encoded latent representation from observations is complete and versatile thus promotes the prediction performance, while the clustering-like classification schema in turn enhances the separability for latent representation.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1000", "sentence1": "He received his PhD from University of York in 1999.", "sentence2": "david Grace is Head of Communications and Signal Processing Research Group within the Department of Electronics at the University of York.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_954", "sentence1": "Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) is a hallmark of the recent WLAN standard 802.11ac, with which an Mtx-antenna AP can simultaneously transmit up to Mtx data streams to different users, thus achieving a maximum degree-of-freedom (DoF) of Mtx.", "sentence2": "exploiting MU-MIMO's full potential is a non-trivial issue in practice.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1139", "sentence1": "To obtain CSI, the transmitter sends a pre-known sequence, called a pilot, which the receiver uses to compute this amplitude and phase shift for each subcarrier.", "sentence2": "this requires time-frequency synchronization, as without time synchronization the receiver would not reliably know where the pilot starts, and without frequency synchronization there would be inter-subcarrier interference that causes inaccurate channel estimation", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_925", "sentence1": "We encode data by changing the pixel transparency of the communication layer.", "sentence2": "this is because these steps are performed upon sampled pixels of each frame.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1968", "sentence1": "Thorough experimental evaluation shows that the proposed approach not only eliminates the need for a fan, which is not a viable choice for mobile devices, but also provides significant power, thermal, and reliability advantages.", "sentence2": "it regulates the temperature more effectively than the default configuration which uses a fan, and on average offers 10% platform power savings with 3.3% loss in performance.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3069", "sentence1": "To guarantee authentication and integrity of the protocol, R-CARP employs digital signatures. ", "sentence2": " we have selected the Boneh-Lynn-Shacham [9] (BLS) scheme, which produces short signatures of 160 bit providing a security level of 280.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2400", "sentence1": "Hence it is interesting to understand what exactly can be enforced under this black box constraint.", "sentence2": "essentially EPxor (C) will now be a program that echoes inputs on outputs, and hence it is a secure program.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3218", "sentence1": "An important limitation of our technique is that it requires knowledge of the construction of the higher order attribute.", "sentence2": "when a higher order attribute a is used to construct a new value of a higher order attribute, a path needs to be constructed to indicate in which part of the new AST a ends up.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_431", "sentence1": "The choice of h determines the way we measure distance, and is typically chosen so that it mimics features of the loss function f .", "sentence2": "this quantity plays a central role in mirror descent and non-linear sub-gradient algorithms.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3086", "sentence1": "For the Sancus-based design of Soteria we thought of two possible concepts: (1) Putting a loader stub together with the code that should be encrypted into one module and decrypting it in-place, and (2) designing a separate loader module.", "sentence2": "we give upper bounds for the actual performance results which are expected to be even less than those shown in Table 2.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_196", "sentence1": "What this work does convey is that learning curves can (provably) show some rather counterintuitive and surprising behavior.", "sentence2": "we have demonstrated that least squares regression, regression with the absolute loss, linear models trained with the hinge loss, and likelihood estimation of the variance of a normal distribution can all suffer from nonmonotonic behavior, even when evaluated with the loss they optimize for.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3254", "sentence1": "Conducting regression testing after every change or some changes to the code is a solution to immediately detect source code changes with side effects.", "sentence2": "regression testing is an expensive process because it becomes very time consuming to run a large number of test-cases or an entire test-suite, covering all the functionalities of a large and complex software.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3683", "sentence1": "In short, there is a need for a new class of safety certifi\u00adcation/assurance techniques that are continually assessing and evolving the safety reasoning, concurrently with the system, to provide through-life safety assurance.", "sentence2": "safety assurance is provided not only during initial development and deploy\u00adment, but also at runtime based on operational data.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1846", "sentence1": "We claim that ORAM with a dynamic super block scheme maintains the same level of security as a normal ORAM.", "sentence2": "adding dynamic super blocks to ORAM does not change the security guarantee of the original ORAM.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2072", "sentence1": "To evaluate the RA, ProSA-RA suggests using a checklist-based inspection approach named FERA (Framework for Evaluation of Reference Architectures) [30].", "sentence2": "we followed the recommendation and used FERA to conduct an evaluation in order to verify: (i) completeness of general information related to the construction and content of the architectural views; (ii) adequacy for releasing of the architectural description of our RA; and (iii) viability and change possibilities of our RA.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3584", "sentence1": "We choose these 100 apps in a mostly random manner but we also consider the dis\u00adtribution of app behaviors.", "sentence2": "40 apps are malware and the others are benign.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1233", "sentence1": "We first show the metrics\u2019 abilities to accurately interpret the probe reception history.", "sentence2": "given the history, we observe how precisely a metric captures the performance of the corresponding link.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1481", "sentence1": "Cloud-assisted data broadcasting is an emerging application where cloud computing assists data broadcasting to extend the capacity of system computing and improve the interactiv\u00adity of the conventional media.", "sentence2": "with the increase in scale, it brings the difficulty on the complexity to provide the sufficient quality of service for diverse receivers.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3672", "sentence1": "RQ3: Is it possible to quantify the return on investment of removing architecture debts?", "sentence2": "is it possible to determine the penalty incurred by the debts and the expected benefits if the debts are removed, and compare this with the costs of refactoring?", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2903", "sentence1": "We observe that the crowdturf\u00ading and normal account groups have the same pattern: low retweet similarities.", "sentence2": "the black-market account group has the highest retweet similarity.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1340", "sentence1": "Informally, these properties can be stated as follows: (A) The attacker should not be able to use a service of an honest RP as an honest user.", "sentence2": "the attacker should not get hold of (be able to derive from his current knowledge) a service token issued by an honest RP for an ID of an honest user (browser), even if the browser was closed and then later used by a malicious user, i.e., after a CLOSECORRUPT (see Section 3.3).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_671", "sentence1": "However, the problems and models they study are very different.", "sentence2": "they assume that a decision-maker shows a subset of products to a user.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3477", "sentence1": "Given two EFSMs, their technique first computes a set of elementary changes, then uses a static dependence analysis to find which test covers what changes, and finally selects to run only tests that are non-redundant with respect to the changes.", "sentence2": "our evaluation does not assume any static analysis and measures the change-related loss in quality for the reduced test suite.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1044", "sentence1": "It is also important to note that the deployments vary from relatively simple ones such as the epilepsy case study, to complicated ones such as the incontinence and depression case studies.", "sentence2": "in the case studies we show that using the framework we can quickly implement and deploy multimodal, largely passive behavioral monitoring systems that are useful to caregivers and medical professionals.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1601", "sentence1": "Therefore, it seems necessary to compare two channels, or at least one channel and one abstract state.", "sentence2": "channels being records of functions, comparison is not decidable.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2191", "sentence1": "In terms of normalized LLC misses, vCache also preserves the effectiveness of the page coloring schemes for all workloads.", "sentence2": "such an illusion of resource dedication has not been supported for the last-level cache (LLC), although the LLC is the largest on-chip shared resource with a significant performance impact.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3011", "sentence1": "Our system solves the problem by sharing only the GPU display function between the untrusted OS/Apps and the SecApps.", "sentence2": "it needs to mediate only accesses to GPU objects that affect trusted display\u2019s security.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2377", "sentence1": "Furthermore, these sys\u00adtems are not portable, they can only be used in particular spaces which the systems have been set up.", "sentence2": "these kind of motion capture systems are not suitable for daily activities monitoring.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3938", "sentence1": "Next, our analysis considers the battery level of the phone when a state transition takes place.", "sentence2": "at the moment a transition was recorded by our software, we also noted the battery level at that moment.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_428", "sentence1": "The fact that this framework can naturally recover these algorithms begs further study.", "sentence2": "it is still an open question whether it is possible to recover other stochastic algorithms via this framework, particularly those with second-order scaling adjustments such as ADAM or AdaGrad.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_410", "sentence1": "To this end, DetNAS chooses the evolutionary search algorithm.", "sentence2": "the search method and search space follow DetNAS.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1153", "sentence1": "However, users might still be impacted, even when the RAN accessibility KPI is good, because users that lost radio coverage are not even accounted for in the KPI calculation or when the root cause of the service problems are beyond the RAN (e.g., congestion on a core network element). ", "sentence2": "service disruption occurs when accessibility is bad, but accessibility being good does not necessarily imply that service is good.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1624", "sentence1": "Like an operating system, LEAP provides a unified layer of abstraction on top of device-specific drivers that interface the underlying FPGA device, on-board memory and the host system an FPGA card is plugged into.", "sentence2": "our setup uses LEAP's scratchpads (SPs), a memory interface abstraction for FPGA applications.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1353", "sentence1": "The above describes how to configure cThlds based on the PCScore in an offline or \u201coracle\u201d mode.", "sentence2": "we configure cThlds after the data to be detected (also called a test set) have already arrived. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3402", "sentence1": "one should determine the appropriate formalism level for describing domain elements (e.g., legis\u00adlation, standards, quality requirements, and system com\u00adpliance), infrastructure elements (e.g., software elements, hardware elements, and architectural styles), application el\u00adements (e.g., constraints and functional requirements), and crosscutting elements (e.g., domain terminology, external communication, decisions, and internal communication) of reference architectures for embedded systems.", "sentence2": "a formal description can support the automated comparison and/or selection of components for instantiating these refer\u00adence architectures.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3661", "sentence1": "Different classification models yield varying levels of prediction accuracy depending on the data set and the input parameters chosen [16].", "sentence2": "we also need to examine various classification algorithms, such as decision tree models and Bayesian models.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2447", "sentence1": "Role threshold values greatly depend on the query behavior of the users of the corresponding role.", "sentence2": "we propose the following heuristic-based threshold generation in this paper.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3122", "sentence1": "Viber keeps a configuration file with information on the user identity, profile picture and phone number.", "sentence2": "inside the Viber directory, the hidden file .userdata contains the username specified when registering with the messaging service.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2328", "sentence1": "First, on the one IP block that got full coverage, it happened at the same time that all instrumented CMs were covered.", "sentence2": "full coverage was only achieved when all instrumented CMs were set.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_624", "sentence1": "For Gradient Descent, we make use of this property by showing divergence increases as the strategies move from one pure strategy to another.", "sentence2": "strategies will never reach the boundary for some variants of FTRL.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1016", "sentence1": "The most common used techniques are based on L3 and L2 forwarding.", "sentence2": "there are trade-offs in creating a L2 network or L3 network [16].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_584", "sentence1": "State-of-the-art methods use clever architectural choices or pipelines tailored to the challenges of the task [5,20,58].", "sentence2": "most of those models use pixel-level supervision, which can be unavailable in some settings, or time-consuming to acquire in any case.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2988", "sentence1": "Although we now handle a reactive functionality, we stress that the cash that is deposited at the beginning of the protocol is dis\u00adtributed only at the end (i.e., no cash distribution occurs in any intermediate stage).", "sentence2": "secure cash distribution provides a means to keep the cash deposited in escrow while parties learn output from each stage's function evaluation, and thus can revise their inputs to a later stage.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_222", "sentence1": "The key insight provided by the SMT is that the all the initialization points that eventually converge to an unstable fixed point lie in a low dimensional manifold.", "sentence2": "to obtain a stronger result we have to understand how SMT restricts the dimensionality of this stable manifold for a fixed h0 .", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1466", "sentence1": "the topology due to the energy exhaustion, the sink has to reconstruct another topology and disseminate the updated information to all nodes.", "sentence2": "the sink estimates how many times the readings can be gathered from all representative nodes using the current topology by simulating communications for the data gathering using energy consumption model which is described in Section 4.1.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2578", "sentence1": "The first block of declarations (lines 1-11) specifies the attributes of users, resources, and terminals. ", "sentence2": "the user attributes are organization and clearance (line 8): the former contains the name of the organization to which the user belongs, for simplicity, only two values are considered (line 7); the latter is the user clearance level (line 1). ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2359", "sentence1": "CB-trees augment B*-trees with the corner stitching to provide a comprehensive system for analog place\u00adment problems.", "sentence2": "there are two deficiencies of CB-trees.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2056", "sentence1": "This ever-growing environmental problem engages health risks and major complaints of annoyance on behalf of millions of citizens.", "sentence2": "sustainable urban planning needs to seriously take into consideration the task of mitigating environmental noise.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1961", "sentence1": "Each individual liquid crystal can be tuned by changing the electric potential applied to it in order to let more or less light pass.", "sentence2": "a key feature of an LCD display design is the presence of a source of light to illuminate the array of liquid crystal cells from behind.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2577", "sentence1": "Since the Panopticlick initiative [8] by EFF, users have become more aware of web tracking and how it affects their privacy.", "sentence2": "there is some pressure on web browser developers to make tracking users more difficult, such as by removing unnecessary sources of entropy in the browser or by deliberately introducing randomness in properties typically used for fingerprinting [17].", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2341", "sentence1": "We present EnhancedTouch, a novel bracelet-type wearable device for facilitating human-human physical touch.", "sentence2": "we aim to support children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who often exhibit particular communication patterns, such as lack of physical touch.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3637", "sentence1": "Fortunately, variability-aware refactoring has a mostly local effect on source code.", "sentence2": "in our subject systems, RENAMING IDENTIFIER, EXTRACT FUNCTION, and INLINE FUNCTION usually affected only a few configuration options, which enabled exhaustive testing of all variants.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1979", "sentence1": "Finally, the communication is send over a PCIe link using a kernel mode driver.", "sentence2": "all communication between the host and the kernels goes through this layers and can cause a significant overhead.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2958", "sentence1": "In Linux, multi-thread feature is enabled with Native POSIX Thread Library (NPTL), which creates a new thread with the clone system call.", "sentence2": "to create new thread, NPTL first allocates a new stack and stores thread descriptor at the end of the new stack.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2775", "sentence1": "Every successful authentication path must end at a trust anchor.", "sentence2": "a trust schema must always include a way for trust rules to establish the link(s) from data or key names down to a trust anchor.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3761", "sentence1": "On the basis of a successful alignment of expectations and pre-study, the industrial PhD project proved in our case to be a good instrument for bringing the technology safely from TRL 5 to TRL 7, that is, through the valley of death.", "sentence2": "there are still challenges and risks: The strong involvement of a company hiring the PhD candidate and typically paying two thirds of the salary gives a risk of the company not being able (or willing to) complete the project.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3529", "sentence1": "Our prototype proved its scalability and in addition can be configured by an experienced user to control the trade-off between monetary cost and number of latency violations.", "sentence2": "this step is optional, in contrast to the mandatory configuration of the user\u00ad defined threshold-based approach.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1378", "sentence1": "Our results show slow but clear growth of WiFi traffic offloading during these three years.", "sentence2": "the deploy\u00adment of public WiFi networks provides users both simple network connectivity and also more bandwidth for bandwidth-\u00adintensive applications such as video streaming and software updates.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1486", "sentence1": "The idea of using DAGs for representing TCAM rule dependencies is discussed in the literature in the context of efficient TCAM rule up\u00addates [33, 34].", "sentence2": "their aim was to optimize the time taken to install a TCAM rule by minimizing the number of existing entries that need to be reshuffled to make way for a new rule.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1357", "sentence1": "In practice, if the vast majority of LSPs disappear for a given AS, we reinject the whole set of its LSPs to perform a standard classification on a given snapshot4 . ", "sentence2": "we do not remove such an AS and continue to process it as the others but adding a dynamic tag to it.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1282", "sentence1": "VANETs face particular challenges such as fast topology changes, low link lifetime or a potentially high number of nodes taking part in the network, among others.", "sentence2": " the two former issues have encouraged researches to propose geographical routing protocols for VANETs that make their routing decision based only on local information and that do not need to construct end-toend paths.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3764", "sentence1": "The topmost node is a choice between four alternatives: The leftmost subtree checks whether the robot is in one of its home locations.", "sentence2": "finally, we discuss some aspects of the overall process of contin\u00aduous collaboration, a development pattern based on using feedback gained from the running system to continuously adapt and improve a system's operation throughout its life cycle (subsection D).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1090", "sentence1": "Consider for example a peer who has a satellite link with extremely high latencies: such a peer may never satisfy the alibi conditions, regardless of the path his or her packets take.", "sentence2": "a benevolent relay whose packets never traverse the forbidden region might never be viable simply because it has poor connectivity.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2740", "sentence1": "An integer overflow is not exploitable directly as no buffers are overwritten.", "sentence2": "there is no actual memory overflow.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1159", "sentence1": "Researchers have analyzed the performance of Multipath TCP in such hybrid networks [7, 1, 5, 2].", "sentence2": "exploring Mobile/WiFi Handover with Multipath TCP.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2213", "sentence1": "In Figure 6 we assume without loss of generality that the execution time of cv1 at V-fmax is less than the timing constraint (denoted by deadline).", "sentence2": "let us consider that the power consumption at V-fmax exceeds the TDP constraint.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2179", "sentence1": "The hardware evaluation platform has to be general enough for targeting different hardware configurations as well as fast enough for running system software.", "sentence2": "implementing actual hardware for each of the configuration is impractical and simulation-based approaches are not feasible.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_11", "sentence1": "A straightforward approach is fine-tuning a pretrained model using the few labeled samples from the unseen classes.", "sentence2": "it may cause severe overfitting.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_832", "sentence1": "One of the most distinctive and substantial characteristics of VANETs is non-infrastructure.", "sentence2": "there is no fixed routing, like access point (AP), or any central unit [8, 9].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2453", "sentence1": "When the finger horizontally moves plus one millimeter at the first trial, and it horizontally moves minus one millimeter at the second trial, the average is zero although the standard deviation is not zero.", "sentence2": "we eliminate the value of the characteristic from CVK when the value of the average of the characteristic is zero.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_633", "sentence1": "Our algorithm tries to simulate the above described procedure by making appropriate guesses.", "sentence2": "we start by guessing a sequence of positive integers k (i) whose sum is at most 8/(\u03b4\u03b32).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1292", "sentence1": "Based on this novel approach, we develop service process characterizations for fading channels with finite blocklength channel coding, leading to novel probabilistic delay bounds that can give a fundamental insight into the capabilities and limitations of wireless networks when facing low-latency M2M applications.", "sentence2": "we show that the Shannon capacity model significantly overestimates the delay performance for such applications, which would lead to insufficient resource allocations.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3765", "sentence1": "Each node created during the development process can be formally described using the formal system model described above.", "sentence2": " the intention of this paper is to propose an extension of the formal system model, which on the one hand allows to capture uncertainty factors that are inherent in the context of a CPS, while on the other hand it should support all modeling concepts of the initial model such as composition and refinement.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3265", "sentence1": "For example, any network packets received at server also get recorded as non-deterministic events in the record log and are streamed to the client (so that it can reconstruct server\u2019s state).", "sentence2": " the user is provided the illusion of controlling the server and viewing its console remotely (even though the console is actually that of the client\u2019s replayed VM).", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1585", "sentence1": "For example, in ZigBee devices, the packet-level RSSI information is sampled at only 31.25KHz, while the phase\u00adshift is obtained at 4MHz by the ZigBee PHY for (de)modulation.", "sentence2": "the throughput of packet-level CTCs is inherently bounded by a low sampling rate (e.g., KHz) in contrast to hundreds of Kbps for native ZigBee communication.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3986", "sentence1": "In this paper, we present a new empirical study that both addresses our goal of principles as well as overcomes the lim\u00aditations of prior Patchworks evaluations.", "sentence2": "we performed an observational user study that compared the ubiq\u00aduitous tabbed editor design with the experimental Patchworks design to inductively build a set of design principles.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2778", "sentence1": "Obfuscation is based on knowledge of the encryption key and the content name under IBAC protec\u00adtion.", "sentence2": "even if an adversary knows the name N, it cannot generate N ' since it does not possess the ap\u00adpropriate key.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1763", "sentence1": "As the demands for analyzing more and more data increase, we are faced with new challenges. ", "sentence2": "traditional architectures where data needs to be fetched from memory as to be processed, are becoming a bottleneck.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1525", "sentence1": "When a target is running, the CSI changes may vary a lot in a short time.", "sentence2": "liFS can not always get stable CSI changes, causing large errors.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1786", "sentence1": "More general inter-VM message passing tech\u00adniques have been implemented via shared memory [19, 22].", "sentence2": "exascale systems will require broader support for heterogeneous environments than these techniques support.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_286", "sentence1": "To circumvent this issue, next we approach the DRO problem from a different angle: we directly search for the adversarial distribution Q.", "sentence2": "for example, f and f may not belong to the same RKHS -it is not hard to construct counterexamples, even when is merely quadratic.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_118", "sentence1": "Here, we present an alternative.", "sentence2": "we propose a variation of Safe-LUCB refered to as generalized safe linear upper confidence bound (GSLUCB).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1122", "sentence1": "For an ADC sampling rate of 20 kHz and modulation window of 128 points, a light beacon lasting for 6.4 ms is sufficient for the photodiode to separate light rays.", "sentence2": "the overhead of transmitting light beacons is negligible given that a data packet typically lasts for hundreds of ms based on the IEEE 802.15.7 standard [8].", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_562", "sentence1": "That is, if M = L in Theorem 1 then it becomes the known Cheeger's inequality.", "sentence2": "lemma 2 (Matrix Bernstein inequality, Theorem 1.4 in (Tropp 2012)).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3442", "sentence1": "Then, few of the most important challenges related to large data warehouse are described.", "sentence2": "the difficulties related to data storage from the sensors are reviewed and many of the data mining problems in the context of Big Data are discussed.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_753", "sentence1": "The method makes use of two Q-functions to overcome the positive bias incurred by overestimation of Q-value, which is known to yield a poor performance [15,9].", "sentence2": "these two Q-functions are parametrized by different parameters \u03b8i and are independently trained to minimize JQ(\u03b8i). ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1927", "sentence1": "Note that if we consider only two reconfiguration points (e.g., 64/2 and 32/4), the memory overheads are 6.9%.", "sentence2": "for a fair comparison, the overheads of DARCA must be compared against prior redundancy-based FT schemes.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1067", "sentence1": "The backup path is built from the fast memory and handles uncommon cases where the primary path is not reliable due to false positives in the filters thus rarely is less efficient when it accesses the RIB (Sec 4).", "sentence2": "the primary path ensures the common-case high-speed forwarding while the backup path guarantees the correctness.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2382", "sentence1": "The maximization of this GPI allows us to achieve the best response time and processing at low cost.", "sentence2": "this approach has some limitations.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3077", "sentence1": "Koppula, Lewko and Waters [KLW15] devise a fully suc\u00adcinct garbling scheme for Turing machines from non-succinct IO and one way functions, using techniques that extend those of [CHJV15].", "sentence2": "in their garbling scheme the runtime, space and description size of the garbled program are proportional to those of the Turing machine representa\u00adtion of the plaintext program.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3935", "sentence1": "New tunneling protocols are being proposed on a daily basis.", "sentence2": "a method specialized in a particular protocol will soon be out of date.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2579", "sentence1": "Simple separation-of-duty constraints are user-independent, and it appears most constraints that are useful in practice are user-independent [7].", "sentence2": "cardinality constraints and binding-of-duty constraints are userindependent.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_843", "sentence1": "In [6][7], they provide simple closed-form expressions for coverage probability, which is the probability that a randomly deployed UE can achieve a target SINR in heterogeneous network with SBSs.", "sentence2": "this result implies that the number of hidden nodes is proportional to intensity .of SBSs Figure 6: CDF of the number of hidden nodes (without consideration of UE's location) Figure 7: CDF of the number of hidden nodes (with consideration of UE s location) 5.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_665", "sentence1": "The total number of inversions can be approximated within a factor of 2 by the Spearman's footrule.", "sentence2": "we can write the cost of Algorithm 1 (up to a factor 2) as follows: This basically breaks the cost of the algorithm in two parts: one is the cost incurred by the estimation step and the other one is the cost of the assignment step.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3957", "sentence1": "For exam\u00adple, the snippet might wait on a signal from a different thread to continue the execution.", "sentence2": "[7] focuses on mining examples from unit tests claiming that this is a good source of examples as they are concise, relevant and trustworthy.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3207", "sentence1": "For an integer k, we say that a policy F has k-bounded causality if for any event e and history H, if e is relevant with respect to F and H then it is also k-relevant.", "sentence2": "a policy F has k-bounded causality if whenever an event e is relevant, it can cause a change after at most k additional events.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3413", "sentence1": "The original sphere has radially uniform surface normal vectors in all directions based on the center (See Fig.3(a)).", "sentence2": "in the layered sphere most of the surface normal vectors are changed along the z-axis primary test not the x-y plane (See Fig.3(b)).", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2846", "sentence1": "Potentially, malware can have multiple evasion points.", "sentence2": "a malware can perform multiple evasion checks at different sections of the system call sequence.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1190", "sentence1": "The power delay profile describes the power transfer in the channel.", "sentence2": "it gives a power impulse response for a signal.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_472", "sentence1": "More importantly, since it is based on adversarially generated data points, the adversarial estimator is expected to differ significantly from the test error rate if the model is overfitted to the test set, providing a way to detect test set overfitting.", "sentence2": "the test error rate and the adversarial error estimate (calculated based on the same test set) must be close if the test set and the model are independent, and are expected to be different in the opposite case.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_648", "sentence1": "The generative adversarial network (GAN) [15] is arguably the most successful generative model in recent years, which have shown a remarkable progress across a broad range of applications, e.g., image synthesis [5,21,40], data augmentation [49,18] and style transfer [58,10,34].", "sentence2": "as its advanced variant, the conditional GANs (cGANs) [31] have gained a considerable attention due to its class-wise controllability [9,42,10] and superior quality for complex generation tasks [39,33,5].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1419", "sentence1": "They conjectured that this was due to network contention, but did not investigate it via lower-level analysis.", "sentence2": "the performance predictability of applications over moderate time periods could be pre\u00addicted given a model of application performance to network contention, or given a sufficient amount of empirical data, could be predicted based on past application performance with the given network environment.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1248", "sentence1": "It is worth noting that many topological properties (e.g., average degree, density etc.) are homogeneous on random networks.", "sentence2": "a randomly chosen sub-network possesses similar characteristics as the whole network which is also known as self-similarity.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_365", "sentence1": "Various versions of this fundamental problem have been studied before (see e.g., Drineas et al., 2006Drineas et al., , 2011Dhillon et al., 2013;Ma et al., 2015;Raskutti and Mahoney, 2016;Thanei et al., 2017, and the references therein).", "sentence2": "this is because iid projections distort the geometry of Euclidean space due to their non-orthogonality.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2108", "sentence1": "To address this attack, Vuvuzela uses a mixnet approach.", "sentence2": "all requests are recursively encrypted under the public key of each server in Vuvuzela\u2019s chain.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2336", "sentence1": "FPGA-based image processing can run parallel calculations and stream processing.", "sentence2": "fPGA-based image processing has latency, not delay [11] and can operate faster than PC-based processes.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3164", "sentence1": "In the RSA-SW scheme, a maximum of 500 POR responses can be performed within the same time lapse, resulting in a modest peak throughout of 10 operations per second.", "sentence2": "the provider can scale approximately 4 times better in SPORT when compared to the RSA-SW scheme of [30].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_348", "sentence1": "Doing the computation in an ASIC would drastically reduce the latency of kinematics inference and eliminate a large power draw for the gigabytes of neural data that must be transferred otherwise.", "sentence2": "we plan to create an ASIC that can be implanted in the brain to perform inference of kinematics from neural signals.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_756", "sentence1": "Moreover, under our framework, many regularization terms can bring multi-modality and sparsity, which are potentially useful in reinforcement learning.", "sentence2": "we present sufficient and necessary conditions that induce a sparse optimal policy.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1776", "sentence1": "The IEEE 30 bus power system model is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the simulated testbed.", "sentence2": "with delayed reclosing signal for cyber intrusion, the speed and terminal voltage of the goes out of step and control.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3734", "sentence1": "First, they are trained to predict the best answer from any lists based on certain metrics.", "sentence2": "they are not expected to explain why none of the answers would be chosen as a solution.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2728", "sentence1": "D2 Profile Privacy wrt Peers: ability to perform cer\u00adtain OSN profile operations (e.g., compare respective sets of friends/connections) with mutual privacy.", "sentence2": "information learned from such operations must be limited to what is common to both peers.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3888", "sentence1": "By doing so, we are likely to incur a lock-in effect as we get tied in third-party software value\u00adchains .", "sentence2": "there was a desire of mapping progress rather than anxiety incidents, for exam\u00adple by highlighting lack of interactions as a sign of progress in anxiety reduction.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3223", "sentence1": "In particular, one key constraint in quantum computation is the no cloning theorem [33], which states that a superposition state cannot be perfectly copied from one qubit to another qubit, without destroying the first one.", "sentence2": "in order to use the state of a qubit in another part of the architecture, that qubit must be physically moved.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2744", "sentence1": "Assuming that fakes can establish only a small number of attack edges, the subgraph induced by the set of real accounts is loosely connected to fakes. ", "sentence2": "topology-based approaches rely on a key assumption that the cut crossing over attack edges is sparse, and accordingly, they aim to find such a sparse cut with formal guarantees [2, 52, 59].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3317", "sentence1": "Pattern mining is a term used in the pattern community to describe the process of identifying or discovering patterns in existing software systems.", "sentence2": "as patterns describe established knowledge rather than original solutions, each software pattern is associated with a number of known uses where the pattern is used in an existing software system (Coplien, 1996).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3166", "sentence1": "The task of the environment is to play the role of all honest users and to challenge the adversary.", "sentence2": "whenever we say that an honest user executes a certain protocol, we mean that the environment honestly executes the protocol on behalf of this user.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2333", "sentence1": "As the logic function for cells was not known in the original ICCAD-2012 contest benchmarks, the methodology in [15] created a (unverified) mapping to standard cells based on their sizes and pin counts.", "sentence2": "a given cell would be mapped to a cell type that has the same input/output pin counts and the same or slightly smaller width in the given cell library.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3601", "sentence1": "Cycle detection proceeds as the CDMGraph is being constructed, i.e., with each CDM sent to a process, combined with its snapshot and, after update, sent to another process.", "sentence2": "a CDM carries a consistent view of the fraction of the CDM-Graph already traversed by it, i.e., the processes the CDM has been sent from.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2957", "sentence1": "Next, we instrument the target program to correctly decrypt code locators.", "sentence2": "we first instrument every indirect call with code address in register in the ways shown in Table 3.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1320", "sentence1": "In a first evaluation step, we can use this analogy to theoretically estimate the flooding overhead inherited from the topology prior to adaptive FIB optimisations.", "sentence2": "we can derive the worst, best, and average case scenarios for flooding branches of subtrees.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2700", "sentence1": "Our system requires the installation of a single compatible stub for each orig ap\u00adplication.", "sentence2": "the same stub application can be used to enforce several different user-defined security policies.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_555", "sentence1": "Without further constraints over m, directly applying AIRL to learning the reward function (by augmenting each component of AIRL with an additional context variable m inferred by q \u00cf\u02c6 ) could simply ignore m, which is similar to the case of InfoGAIL [21].", "sentence2": "some connection between the reward function and the latent context variable m need to be established.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_716", "sentence1": "Further, over the course of multiple releases, any participant must not be able to acquire any information about previous data points of other participants.", "sentence2": "the key issue is that the releases of the curator must be differentially private while enabling the computation of the (non-linear) marginal gain, over all the iterations of the protocol.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3597", "sentence1": "In this paper, we analyze the requirements and the usefulness of the pub/sub paradigm applied to graphs and present GraPS , a graph-based pub/sub middleware.", "sentence2": "the contributions of the paper are as follows: 1. We propose a flexible and powerful graph-based publish/subscribe language that allows users to express interest in parts of a graph.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3588", "sentence1": "Evaluating each rule at most once: this is accomplished by leveraging rule evaluation order.", "sentence2": "the function applicableRules is designed so that it returns a list of rules.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2075", "sentence1": "Moreover they all produce an error of, at most, one bit.", "sentence2": "when one of the above events occurs, a bit error may or may not be produced.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_552", "sentence1": "However, this calculation can be prohibitively inaccurate depending on the latent space dimensionality and batch size (\"curse of dimensionality\").", "sentence2": "we propose an alternative normalization that relies only on estimating the minimum eigenvalue of this covariance matrix.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1431", "sentence1": "We assume that we have a single switch processing this trace and that in both cases the \u201ccontroller\u201d periodically polls the switch for the sketch every 5 seconds. ", "sentence2": "the memory numbers reported are roughly for a 5-second trace. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_866", "sentence1": "The arms race between malware developers and defenders is endless.", "sentence2": "it is essential to continuously track and understand the latest strategies of attackers in manipulating botnets for attacks.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_672", "sentence1": "(2) Implementation: Our theoretical analysis does not require that each matrix estimation phase in REAL-Bandit is solved to completion.", "sentence2": "rEAL-Bandit does not need finding a global minimum of the relevant estimator's optimization (penalized maximum likelihood) problem.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2794", "sentence1": "In FaceLive, the classification algorithm can be chosen from Bayesian Network, Binomial Logistic Regression, and Multilayer Perceptron.", "sentence2": "bayesian network (BN) is a probabilistic graphical model of joint multivariate probability distributions [13].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_858", "sentence1": "During our implementation, we faced a problem related to the fact that the LTE model in OPNET (which follows the 3GPP spec\u00adifications for single frequency networks) considers these settings to be static during the entire running time of a simulation.", "sentence2": "the LTE configuration node cannot be adjusted dynamically, and its initial settings (including the MCS assigned for each MBMS bearer) cannot be changed after the deployment phase.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3682", "sentence1": "We then produce clusters of similar (code, specification) pairs.", "sentence2": "we will use the similarity measures for finding similar code, code with similar usages, and code with same/similar specifications.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_490", "sentence1": "Attention is a powerful and ubiquitous mechanism for allowing neural models to focus on particular salient pieces of information by taking their weighted average when making predictions.", "sentence2": "multi-headed attention is a driving force behind many recent state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) models such as Transformer-based MT models and BERT.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1250", "sentence1": "A server managed by an administrator is considered to be a trustable message exchange point among related peers or a kind of portal site for this SNS that is known to everybody in the serving network.", "sentence2": "the SNS administrator can observe any message sent to the public or to a specific friend group.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2984", "sentence1": "Such highly dynamic scripts include advertisements with customized scripts [28] or scripts from news websites.", "sentence2": "such \"non-static\" scripts are scarce (0.62%) with respect to all the crawled scripts and used only in 69 domains.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3896", "sentence1": "In consequence, the observations we make in experimental settings are only valid within those settings.", "sentence2": "the validity of the theories we build is strongly dependent on the contexts which are difficult to define because of the complex human, economical, technological, and cultural factors involved [14].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2258", "sentence1": "For s-TSVs, as discussed in Sec\u00adtion III, they can only be inserted in whitespaces.", "sentence2": "a branchand-bound based approach is used to extract the whitespace [34], and then the location candidates for the s-TSVs can be determined based on the amount of whitespace and the area of a single TSV.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2624", "sentence1": "After identifying sink methods, we search for invocations of those methods in the app.", "sentence2": "we locate where those methods are called.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1538", "sentence1": "Integrating VNToR in OpenStack merely requires imple\u00admenting a Neutron agent that runs on VNToR s SupE and whose role is to collect, from the Neutron controller, all the relevant security-group state.", "sentence2": "our agent subscribes for changes to: all the local VMs, i.e., those running in the local rack;", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1633", "sentence1": "Data processing is completed much faster compared to that done by a low-power micro-controller unit that processes data in a sequential manner [1].", "sentence2": "the configuration was done by setting the designated 140 atom switches (or 70 CASs) to the ON state in\neach cell.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3680", "sentence1": "To cater for this, we propose that we integrate components from the Contextual Design participatory design method [20].", "sentence2": "the Contextual Design method utilises the notion of a Cultural Model that provides an analytical capability for showing the cultural or political forces in the organisation.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_340", "sentence1": "How to modify the training data with bounded transferable perturbation that can lead to the largest generalization gap?", "sentence2": "we consider the task of adding imperceivable noises to the training data, hoping to maximally confuse any corresponding classifier so as to make wrong predictions as much as possible when facing clean test data.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2194", "sentence1": "One simple method to provide a VM with an isolated LLC is to dedicate fixed physical cores and LLC slices to a single VM; a physical core is associated with a slice of LLC (e.g., a core has a 2MB LLC slice in an octa\u00adcore processor with 16MB LLC [30]).", "sentence2": "this approach is neither effective nor flexible.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1302", "sentence1": "Conserving the buffer between consecutive optimization windows is particularly useful when the content duration is longer than the optimization window and it is thus not possible to guarantee the QoS over its whole duration. ", "sentence2": "the streaming requests that cannot be scheduled with guaranteed quality must wait for the system to have enough resources for them to start streaming.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3759", "sentence1": "Lastly, the total number of executed test cases were recorded to provide a measure of the overall impact of run-time testing to an SAS.", "sentence2": " we demonstrate that Proteus significantly reduces the amount of executed test cases per testing cycle by ensuring that only relevant test cases are executed, as shown in Figure 7.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3489", "sentence1": "The initial set of Core components had provided support for the four extension types identified in Figure 1, and standardized a set of contracts for how extensions and applications would interact, exchange data, and persist SME logic.", "sentence2": "we note three key limitations of this experience with respect to evaluation of our hypothesis.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_846", "sentence1": "However, SBSs with multi-RAT have differ\u00adent characteristics depending on the RAT.", "sentence2": "in order to minimize the risks and failures in real markets, it is es\u00adsential to thoroughly analyze the varying characteristics and performance of multi-RAT SBSs, before their release.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2832", "sentence1": "For the domains under the protection of CloudFlare, the DNS records are managed by the CBSP.", "sentence2": "we excluded CloudFlare customers that were exposed through their A record, as this indicates that the administrator has deliberately paused the CBSP rerouting through CloudFlare's web interface.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1301", "sentence1": "Considering the rela\u00adtively high performance, we used for our strategies evaluation the exponents in a uniform manner (i.e. all exponents equal to 1).", "sentence2": "according to this strategy the MC is moving along the one dimension of O until it reaches its border.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1925", "sentence1": "[1,H]) denote the coordinates of the core i.", "sentence2": "dark silicon many-core processors exhibit a multitude of TDP modes, each resulting in a starkly distinct thermal and leakage power profile.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_630", "sentence1": "A related line of work [KLS09, ABL17, DKK + 16, LRV16, DKK + 17, DKK + 18, DKS18, KKM18, DKS19, DKK + 19] has given polynomial time robust estimators for a range of learning tasks.", "sentence2": "[KLS09, ABL17, DKS18, DKK + 19] obtained efficient PAC learning algorithms for halfspaces with malicious noise [Val85,KL93], under the assumption that the uncorrupted data comes from a \"tame\" distribution, e.g., Gaussian or isotropic log-concave.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2366", "sentence1": "We have tested an extension of this policy for multiple cache-sharing programs.", "sentence2": "for each program, the determination of the hint bit is based on its ration size r.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2991", "sentence1": "Due to its privileged position, targeting Linux Kernel is natural to achieve full control over an Android device.", "sentence2": "a vulnerability in the kernel has a large impact as all devices that run the vulnerable kernel can potentially be affected.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_463", "sentence1": "This is contrast to the case of linear networks which have no activation; in that case, as \u00b51 decreases the speed of learning gets exactly 1/\u00b51 -times larger.", "sentence2": "this phenomenon is peculiar to nonlinear networks.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_306", "sentence1": "As one builds machine learning models for different tasks on top of such general purpose representations, it is not clear how the properties of the representations relate to the fairness of the predictions.", "sentence2": "for different downstream prediction tasks, there may be different sensitive variables that we would like to be fair to.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1746", "sentence1": "We observe that the average sensitivity decreases as we increase the delay mismatch.", "sentence2": "while the sensitivity decreases we observe that even for a delay mismatch of one sample duration, the two keys can be reliably distinguished.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3755", "sentence1": "In the next section, an application of the method on a self-adaptive system is presented using hypothetical data.", "sentence2": "the quantified NFRs, P(NFRi), P(NFRID), risks as\u00adsociated with each NFR, the outcome attributes, their weights, values, and the percentage effectiveness of each design deci\u00adsion in mitigating the risk are all inspired by empirical data provided by a prototype of the case study.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_653", "sentence1": "While uncommon, some papers do indeed mention label-bias, including recent work that considers the largely hypothetical case: if we have access to unbiased labels, then we can propose a better way of evaluating fairness with \"disparate mistreatment\" [20].", "sentence2": "their emphasis is on new fairness metrics, not on its tradeoff with accuracy.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1257", "sentence1": "For that, NDN has a built-in security mechanism based on digital signature.", "sentence2": "resultingly, the content is verified repeatedly at each insertion(more precisely, when a cache-hit occurs after each insertion).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2567", "sentence1": "Next, we show how to perform homomorphic operations on this HTDF.", "sentence2": "we view HTDFs as providing an interesting conceptual uni\u00adfication of homomorphic signatures and encryption.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2945", "sentence1": "Due to the OTP standardization work, most OTP instances use the same algorithms but different seeds and other parameters such as counters.", "sentence2": "we can support a large number of OTP instances in our system.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_459", "sentence1": "In this paper, we consider a generalization of such existing results by allowing for statistical dependence in  \u03be.", "sentence2": "we assume  \u03be = { \u03bej } to be a stochastic process where the marginal random variables  \u03be j are conditionally independent and sub-Gaussian given some other (latent) process F = {F j }.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2163", "sentence1": "A contract expresses behavioral properties as well as specific policies and constraints that are necessary for coordinating constituents in an SoS.", "sentence2": "furthermore, we identified desirable features for tools associated to ADLs for SoS.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_467", "sentence1": "We clarified the relationship between the input data statistics and plateau phenomenon.", "sentence2": "the generated data (\u00ce\u00be, t) is then fed to the student network stated above and learned by it in the on-line manner (see Figure 3).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2518", "sentence1": "This paper presents a novel deanonymization attack on Tor that exploits a fundamental weaknesses of low-latency anonymization networks.", "sentence2": "we show that an attacker capable of providing web content to users, e.g., through banner advertisements or cross-site scripting, is able to deanonymize users via a sidechannel attack.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2631", "sentence1": "Our participants are somewhat uncomfortable with sharing some data with applications, particularly their contact information (62.3%), profile data (61%) or access to their messages or call data (60%).", "sentence2": "they expressed less discomfort providing access to their browser history (37.6%), Internet connectivity (38.5%) and calendar data (45.8%)(Kruskal-Wallis .2(8)=59.74, p<0.001).", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2345", "sentence1": "For example, at time stamp 8 s the driver issues a lower-command resulting in an ideal reaction time of 52 ms.", "sentence2": "after deployment the reaction time appears to be 221 ms which is 10 % higher than required.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3831", "sentence1": "This includes functions such as: environment control, care in the home and communication with the world around them.", "sentence2": "the system is capable of gathering: environmental parameters (temperature, luminosity, etc.) and security parameters (opening/closing of windows and doors, communication to/from family, friends, or medical staff, and even commands to devices such as on/off, up/down, etc.).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_538", "sentence1": "Next we focus on the theoretical lower bound for the efficiency-fairness tradeoff that any algorithm could achieve.", "sentence2": "we show that the tradeoff achieved in Theorem 3.1 is actually tight in this model.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3602", "sentence1": "The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is making a big effort for the standardization of protocols that are aware of energy and processing limitations within the smart objects.", "sentence2": "the IETF working group for Routing Over Low-power and Lossy networks (ROLL) focuses on the design of an IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low power and lossy networks (RPL) [21].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1263", "sentence1": "However, to overcome the high path loss inherent at these high frequencies, mm\u00adwave networks must employ highly directional beamform\u00ading antennas, which makes link establishment and mainte\u00adnance much more challenging than in traditional omnidi\u00adrectional networks.", "sentence2": "maintaining connectivity under node mobility necessitates frequent re-steering of the transmit and receive antenna beams to re-establish a direc\u00adtional mm-wave link.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2595", "sentence1": "In this section we demonstrate how the proposed access control model can be implemented using existing access control mechanisms.", "sentence2": "we present an encoding of the access control model in eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) [33], the de facto standard for the specification and enforcement of access control policies.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_279", "sentence1": "The bound may be loose in some cases, since we consider the worst case distribution in the Wasserstein ball to avoid computing the transport map.", "sentence2": "for some problems, it may be possible to derive the transport map and thus get tighter bounds.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2634", "sentence1": "On Android, users can check the volume of traffic sent but do not receive a breakdown of what and how data was sent and to where.", "sentence2": "it is challenging for user to recognize a suspicious application that may be generating unwanted and potentially harmful traffic.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1355", "sentence1": "LPR reveals the actual usage of MPLS according to the inferred label distribution protocol and is able to make the distinction between ECMP and TE multi-path forwarding.", "sentence2": "the distribution given in Fig. 9 does not show the Mono-LSP case9 . ", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2675", "sentence1": "Misuse detector is specifically designed to detect known malware, leading to low number of false alarms.", "sentence2": "misuse detector could not detect zero-day malware.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2548", "sentence1": "The assumption underlying all these works is that the disclosure of a single address no longer allows an adversary to launch a code reuse attack.", "sentence2": "as will be explained in Section 2.1, more involved types of memory disclosure vulnerabilities can be exploited to bypass fine-grained code randomization.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3671", "sentence1": "These tables show that only 6 root spaces are needed to cover 89% of the Bug2 space, and 7 root spaces can cover 92% of the Change10 space, meaning that both error-prone and change-prone files are highly architecturally connected.", "sentence2": "we observe that the first two DRSpaces are the same for both Bug2 and Change10, and cover up to 76% and 79% of the most error and change prone files respectively.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1171", "sentence1": "In case the device has not received the chunk yet by the end of the dissemination period, it will make a new query to the Azure Mobile Service to request the chunk.", "sentence2": "at least one query and up to two queries per chunk are performed.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2937", "sentence1": "All participants learn the model and thus can use it locally and privately, without any communication with other participants and without revealing the input data or the model's output to anyone.", "sentence2": "in contrast to conventional deep learning, there is absolutely no leakage while using the model.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_73", "sentence1": "Concerning worst-case performance, nom attains the lowest cost at the initial epoch, as it does no explicit exploration.", "sentence2": "methods that incorporate exploration achieve better performance at subsequent epochs (and in terms of total cost) due to greater reduction in uncertainty.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3232", "sentence1": "Attaching NVMs directly to processors will produce non-volatile main memories (NVMMs), exposing the performance, flexibility, and persistence of these memories to applications.", "sentence2": "taking full advantage of NVMMs potential will require changes in system software [3].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1956", "sentence1": "Thus, unlike earlier comparisons made in tables II, III and IV, we cannot give a performance guarantee for I-ordering + DP-fill over techniques proposed in [20], [21] or [22].", "sentence2": "it is interesting to note from Table V that the proposed I-ordering + DP-fill technique actually outperforms all the these techniques for most of the benchmarks and the percentage improvement increases with increase in circuit size.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1460", "sentence1": "In a DDoS attack, an attacker may spoof requests from UACs in order to cause the SIP proxy server to allocate resources to processing the spoofed requests, thus starving out legitimate requests (denial of service).", "sentence2": "an attacker sends an INVITE request, but with a spoofed address from a UAC pool.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1306", "sentence1": "According to the definition of ATTR, (presented in section ??) it can only be minimized by increasing the number of RDV which is also illustrates in fig. 8b.", "sentence2": "rDV only achieved if both CR users observe same set of channels.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1272", "sentence1": "Since the frequency of memory access increases due to increases in the number of threads, there is some in\u00adcrease in calculation time due to memory bus competition, but compared with a CPU, a GPU is almost unaffected by an increase in the number of terminals.", "sentence2": "when the number of terminals was 1024, it was confirmed that the GPU can calculate at a speed about 4.6 times greater than the CPU.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1243", "sentence1": "The goal of our design is to find the largest idle intervals of the microcontroller for Fountain coding, under the precondition of controlling the synchronization offset between the concurrent transmissions of constructive interference within 0.5 \u00b5s.", "sentence2": "we need to guarantee that the generated idle CPU intervals are constant and the coding computation occupies deterministic time.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1443", "sentence1": "As for the fair comparison, poptrie should be compared to LPMnoSSE result, since both does not employ SSE optimization.", "sentence2": "poptrie may benefit from SSE optimization to obtain a better performance in the future.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1608", "sentence1": "Even though skewness worsens the cleaning performance of GREEDY for locality-oblivious GC (see Figure 6(b)), it improves the performance of locality-aware GC.", "sentence2": "incor\u00adporating locality awareness into GC design is more signifi\u00adcant for workload with higher skewness.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2143", "sentence1": "These efforts have shifted the primary bottleneck preventing higher GPU core utilization from the PCIe link to the GPU\u00adside memory hierarchy.", "sentence2": "three factors currently prevent further improvements in core utilization.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1228", "sentence1": "Future work could integrate these mechanisms into the DNS capabilities system itself to better distinguish legitimate users from adversaries.", "sentence2": "attackers may avoid using the ISP DNS infrastructure as\u00adsociated with each compromised system to avoid detection when performing large-scale scanning.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_850", "sentence1": "This enables a node that has more SFs to forward an EFS message earlier than those that have fewer SFs.", "sentence2": "a node having more SFs in a previous EFS period has a shorter waiting time than others (the deferred time should sufficiently guarantee the queuing delay and back-off competition of the MAC layer).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1900", "sentence1": "With more accurate technology data, the inaccuracy would be lower.", "sentence2": "if the self-calibration is employed, the inaccuracy for the combined power consumption is reduced to a negligible value.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3830", "sentence1": "Smart-homes are residences equipped with innovative technologies: sensors, wired and wireless networks, actuators and intelligent systems.", "sentence2": "in many cases, their human-machine interfaces are very difficult to use, especially for people with limitations, since voice-based devices, gesture commands in vision-based interfaces are artificial, unfamiliar, and easily forgotten.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2904", "sentence1": "From the results, we confirm that most crowdturning and black\u00admarket accounts perform retweets without clicking on con\u00adtained links because they have no reason to visit the links to retweet them.", "sentence2": "we use the click information as the final feature of crowdturng tweets.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2856", "sentence1": "At runtime, the program adds edges on the .y, but pCFI disallows addition of any edge not included in the static, all-input CFG.", "sentence2": "the all-input CFG serves as the upper bound for what edges can be added to the enforced CFG during runtime.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2844", "sentence1": "During the alignment process, two meta-nodes are recursively processed to compute the similarity score.", "sentence2": "to compute the similarity score between two meta-nodes, we first perform sequence alignment of the sequences corresponding to the meta-nodes.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1597", "sentence1": "Faulty nodes or parallel operation of incompatible standards which distort the channel, may cause signi\u001bcant interference not just via main lobes but also via side lobes. ", "sentence2": "the best beampattern for a receiver may not be the one whose main lobe most accurately points towards the transmitter but the one whose side lobes do not capture any interference.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_535", "sentence1": "The improvement mainly comes from the stronger expressive power of deep layers.", "sentence2": "with the increase of depth, the network training process becomes complicated and requires advanced architectural techniques.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_592", "sentence1": "If a voter thinks college V 3 is better than college V 6 , a solid arrowed line from V 3 to V 6 occurs (i.e., superiority).", "sentence2": "when a voter thinks the two colleges (i.e., V 1 and V 3 ) listed are incomparable and difficult to judge, he may click the button \"I can't decide\", then a dotted line connecting V 1 and V 3 happens (i.e., tie).", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_202", "sentence1": "By taking the meta-learning framework, Neural Processes learn to learn a stochastic process quickly from observations while experiencing multiple tasks of stochastic process modeling.", "sentence2": "in Neural Processes, unlike typical neural networks, learning a function is fast and uncertaintyaware while, unlike Gaussian processes, prediction at test time is still efficient.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2553", "sentence1": "However, sharing may cause some undesirable phenomena such as unauthorized access and inconsistent status of shared resources.", "sentence2": "password-based authentication schemes have been widely adopted to protect the resources from unauthorized access.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1947", "sentence1": "The manufacturing flow is not impacted by this detection method.", "sentence2": "each client could decide to use or not this detection method depending on his security needs.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_627", "sentence1": "Despite the well established nature of these results recent work has revealed some surprising insights that come to challenge the traditional ways of thinking in this area.", "sentence2": "in the case of zero-sum games what is referred to as \"convergence\" to equilibrium, is the fact that when both agent apply regret-minimizing algorithms, both the time-average of the mixed strategy profiles as well as the utilities of the agents converge approximately to their Nash equilibrium values, where the approximation error can become arbitrarily close to zero by choosing a sufficiently small step-size.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1388", "sentence1": "An AS will prefer routes through a neighboring customer, then routes through a neighboring peer, and then routes through a provider.", "sentence2": "an AS will prefer cheaper routes.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2717", "sentence1": "Anonymous credential systems have strong security properties.", "sentence2": "unforgeability in the sense that users cannot show credentials that they never obtained, and con\u00adsistency in the sense that each credential belongs to a well\u00addefined user such that multiple users cannot collaborate to obtain privileges that one user alone would not have got\u00adten.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1500", "sentence1": "It provides new ways of looking at the structure of a given environment from a real-time perspective based on dynamic up-to-date records of human presence.", "sentence2": "through the day-to-day social activities such as lectures, seminars and regular meetings, we have strong evidence about the existence of .ner-grained relationships as opposed to the user af.liation.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2160", "sentence1": "The data in Figure 9(a) assumes an ideal MPPT implementation.", "sentence2": "models with better accuracy can be obtained with fewer measurements from a relatively uncontrolled en\u00advironment.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2580", "sentence1": "Similar considerations arise very naturally when we con\u00adsider workflows.", "sentence2": "we may specify authoriza\u00adtion policies and constraints that mean a workflow specification is unsatisfiable.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3412", "sentence1": "3D printing content is a new form of content being distributed in digital as well as analog domains.", "sentence2": "its security is the biggest technical challenge of the content distribution service.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2392", "sentence1": "Since the friction coeffi\u00adcient is always high enough, the ball will usually roll during the impact.", "sentence2": "the sliding case was not considered further.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2468", "sentence1": "To be able to perform the required number of observation at\u00adtacks, we randomized pattern generation and simulated user input.", "sentence2": "some real-world factors were not consid\u00adered.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2502", "sentence1": "Note that, according to TCP protocol specifications [5, 13] each ISN is computed in a non-predictable way.", "sentence2": "it is impossible for R to predict the ISN that B would generate and, as a consequence ISNR will be different from the sequence number B will use.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2306", "sentence1": "Outgoing coherence request from the local processor is kept at the outgoing request buffer (oRB) until it receives the data response and completes coherence operation.", "sentence2": "the response is confirmed to be valid if there is no preceding write request for the cache line which is not snooped in the SSV from the response(Accordingly, the SSV only needs to provide the snooping status for preceding requests.).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3564", "sentence1": "On the completion of data collection, a pre-processing step took place.", "sentence2": "we filtered out of the dataset methods that were less prone to suffer from the long method bad smell.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3087", "sentence1": "Currently, many electronic door access control systems use RFID smartcard as part of its authentication process [4][5][6][7].", "sentence2": "for normal RFID smartcard process, when the UID is available in the database system, the user is granted authorisation to access the door and this can be easily breached.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_890", "sentence1": "The USB adapter's TX, RX and idle power consumption all grows linearly as the number of active antennas increases.", "sentence2": "with 3 antennas, the idle power is 1.3\u00d7 that of 1-antenna case.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3578", "sentence1": "Although our nonoutsourceable puzzle alone does not prevent the collection of statistical evidence, in Section 8.2, we argued that by combining our puzzle with a multi-tier reward system, we effectively make it highly costly or unreliable to accumulate statistical evidence over time. ", "sentence2": "a worker can opt to steal only the \u201cjackpot prize\u201d (which happens only infrequently but offers a large reward), while behaving honestly when it finds a \u201cconsolation prize\u201d which is of much smaller amount but paid off at a frequent interval.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_718", "sentence1": "The authors used parameterized Hamiltonian flows for distribution embeddings, which limits its scalability and expressiveness.", "sentence2": "dDE fails if the search space does not contain the target distribution, while our formulation only requires the support of the proposal distribution to cover that of the target.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1825", "sentence1": "Note that one could eliminate OMU entirely by simply allocating/deallocating when an entry is initialized and destroyed.", "sentence2": "this significantly reduces the coverage of the accelerator, since from our evaluation, some applications will use more then thousands of locks.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3749", "sentence1": "This has been exemplified in recent work [15].", "sentence2": "it has been shown that it is the combination of soft and hard constraints that allows for a very popular CIT-test generation algorithm, based on simulated\u00adannealing, to scale to real-world problems.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1920", "sentence1": "However, the write operation of the STTRAM, takes longer time and consumes more energy.", "sentence2": "all these motivate us to separate the user and kernel blocks in the L2 cache to preserve the useful blocks.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1422", "sentence1": "We assume that a beacon AUV is able to obtain its accurate absolute location via satellite.", "sentence2": "there is no mean error for localization of beacon AUVs.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_804", "sentence1": "The simulation results show that TADL is practical in a stationary network or a network with a low to medium level of mobility.", "sentence2": "area-S is the smallest searching area that includes S and D.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_129", "sentence1": "Although the treatment above seems to make the problem of learning stable systems quite straightforward, the sublety of the approach lies in the choice of the function V .", "sentence2": "as mentioned previously, V needs to be positive definite, but additionally V needs to have no local optima except 0.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3295", "sentence1": "Existing cache-oriented compiler optimizations such as tiling are largely agnostic to such cache partitioners.", "sentence2": "they are not aware of the existence of such partitioners and therefore cannot adapt to it dynamically.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3851", "sentence1": "For improving I/O performance in the virtualization environment, the minimum function of I/O stack, like merging, is necessary as the occasion demands.", "sentence2": "using virtio to eliminate I/O scheduler of the guest also has negative impacts on I/O performance.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3117", "sentence1": "Software-based attestation [22, 28, 34, 45, 46] does not require any hardware and involves no cryptographic keys.", "sentence2": "other similar attack scenarios are possible, where the com\u00admon feature is the ability of malware (which is resident on compromised devices) to manipulate their clocks.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3388", "sentence1": "As stated in our previous work [6], the proposed testbed considers game software as inter-connected components, which function as cooperative modules via inter-component message transfer.", "sentence2": "a game application is decomposed into a number of pieces, which either executed in the cloud or the players terminal, according to the status of devices and network quality.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_321", "sentence1": "We split an L-layer network into K modules so that the weights of the network are divided into K groups and each group is placed on a GPU.", "sentence2": "we have w = [w G (1) , w G(2) , ..., w G(K) ] where G(k) denotes layer indices in group k. ", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3294", "sentence1": "More specifically, our reactive tiling tries to deter\u00admine the ideal tile size (from among a fixed set of tile sizes) under an OS/hardware-given cache allocation and the tile size selected by the application may affect the OS/hardware\u00adbased partitioning decision in the next epoch.", "sentence2": "the cache partitioning decision in the next epoch is a function (among other things) the tile size selected by the reactive ap\u00adplication.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3970", "sentence1": "In this paper, by using a visualization tool that we developed, the users may view this tool as helpful because of selection of many sentiment analysis reviews in the list, not reading all the reviews of the existing list.", "sentence2": "scores also obtained by 3 points from negative words such as \"evil\".", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3515", "sentence1": "To compare the synchronization schemes of SKaMPI and Netgauge (NBCBench) to the competitors, we have extracted the relevant clock synchronization algorithms from their respective benchmarking frameworks.", "sentence2": "we use a fixed window size and disable the dynamic window adaptation as done by SKaMPI and NBCBench.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2900", "sentence1": "It can of course be realized with a generic multiparty protocol, where the first server SA inputs the pseudonym to be con\u00adverted and the converter inputs all its secret keys, and the output of the second server SB would be the converted pseudonym, provided that the input by SA was a indeed a valid pseudonym.", "sentence2": "such a computation would be rather inefficient.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2588", "sentence1": "Based on these observations, we can conclude that ACDM performs better than existing access control models in that it provides full protection from data leakages with lower efforts on the user side.", "sentence2": "it minimizes the number of policies a user has to write while allowing full coverage of the intended protected set.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_634", "sentence1": "We give learning algorithms and computational hardness results for this problem, for all values of the approximation ratio \u03b1 \u2265 1, that are nearly-matching for a range of parameters.", "sentence2": "for the natural setting that \u03b1 is any constant bigger than one, we provide an essentially tight complexity characterization.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1445", "sentence1": " Indeed, CDFs now saturate at Sim = 0.3, meaning that the activity of different users is in 70% of cases very different.", "sentence2": "people keep accessing previously unseen services, so that the total number of distinct services keeps growing over time. ", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_119", "sentence1": "However, here we introduce necessary modifications to account for the safety constraint (1).", "sentence2": "we choose the actions with the following two principles.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3566", "sentence1": "By definition, the long method smell concerns methods large in size, which have a semantic dis\u00adtance between the major purpose of the method, with respect to a specific functionality, and the degree to which its implementation serves this purpose [18].", "sentence2": "we do not perceive all methods large in size as long , but only those whose large size is due to the implementation of multiple functionalities.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_345", "sentence1": "In this section, we numerically compare the performance of ADDIS against the previous state-ofthe-art algorithm SAFFRON [5], and other well-studied algorithms like LORD++ [4], LOND [10] and Alpha-investing [2].", "sentence2": "we use ADDIS * defined in Algorithm 1 as the representative of our ADDIS algorithm.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3619", "sentence1": "Our work focuses on long running (large) tasks, whose data may not fit in caches.", "sentence2": "our approach aims to make the best use of the current cached data, by modifying the order in which tasks process data.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_582", "sentence1": "Discovering hidden patterns in this network structure is a compelling application of graph data mining algorithms.", "sentence2": "community detection stands out as one of the most important graph mining methods [11,16,23,26].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2879", "sentence1": "We therefore need to strengthen the previous composi\u00adtion result for multi-stage key exchange protocols [17] to cover, first, key exchange sessions and stages which are only unilaterally authenticated or completely unauthenticated, and, second, protocols that do not allow for a public session matching, but for one where session partnering at a certain stage i is deducible given all stage-j keys for j < i. Jump\u00ading ahead, knowledge of earlier stages keys can be taken for granted as such keys can be revealed without impairing the chances of winning in a key-independent setting, which is in any case required for composition.", "sentence2": "as both achieve key independence, the analyzed TLS 1.3 handshake drafts are amenable to our composition result.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1896", "sentence1": "However, due to the complexity of accumulated variations, it is hard for designers to determine which TAS strategy works best for a given MPSoC TAS problem.", "sentence2": "quantitative evaluation of TAS strategies is becoming an important issue to guarantee the performance yield in MPSoC design.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2069", "sentence1": "Being located in the far field of the antenna, the core environment does not necessary have an impact on the gain and matching of the antenna.", "sentence2": "the environment can have an effect on the link between the transmitting and receiving antennas by causing increased path and polarization losses, and limiting the data rates.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3548", "sentence1": "To simplify validating the ported program, and to help a programmer find the root cause of any errors, relative debugging was proposed in the mid 1990s.", "sentence2": "this ad-hoc approach is impractical in large-scale programs that decompose the data across a deep memory hierarchy for a number of reasons.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2404", "sentence1": "Traffic of these clients can be closely monitored and forecasted.", "sentence2": "attack prediction module can be implemented at any of these locations -(i) only victim end (ii) only up\u00c2\u00adstream defense nodes (iii) both victim and upstream defense nodes by splitting the functionalities.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1328", "sentence1": "We will continue to maintain the scans.io interface, provide continued access to our historical datasets, and allow researchers to upload other data.", "sentence2": "we will no longer post our regular scans to https://scans.io, but rather encourage users to download these directly from Censys's web interface.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3533", "sentence1": "The reason is that DOM2 callbacks are not enumerable, i.e., given a particular DOM node, Domino cannot retrieve a list of the node's DOM2 handlers.", "sentence2": "domino must interpose on addEventListener(), as we described earlier in this section.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1075", "sentence1": "In recent years, future Internet architecture proposals have re\u00advisited the idea of source routing for its benefits while addressing its scalability and security problems.", "sentence2": "the scalability problems have been addressed by using source-based path selec\u00adtion, a system in which the source obtains a list of paths that it can use to reach the destination, rather than a full topology map as in generic source routing schemes.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3805", "sentence1": "As a result, some OpenACC compilers will succeed to automatically infer the range of array elements accessed within the parallel loops.", "sentence2": "for such compilers the data pragmas could be omitted to simplify the OpenACC parallel implementation.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2476", "sentence1": "This anal\u00adysis indicates that the FileObserver based light monitoring malScan lacks comprehensiveness.", "sentence2": "all 30 tested AVDs have designed the heavy sweeping malScan operation, which is a comprehensive malware scan.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2764", "sentence1": "To detect a huge variety of malicious web pages correctly, a large number of web pages is needed for training data.", "sentence2": "to prepare the training data of Prophiler, we used the discrimination results of web pages identified by high-\u00adinteraction honeyclients [1] as the labels of the content on web pages without manual inspections.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3655", "sentence1": "In addition, CQ is a general unit which can be reused in other products of LGE.", "sentence2": "it is important to detect bugs in CQ if any.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1008", "sentence1": "We observe that the correlation values between each type of centrality measure computed on the two network layers vary across the various datasets.", "sentence2": "we observe that for SIG-COMM and Social Evolution datasets, characterized by a higher number of nodes (67 and 55, respectively), the correlation between each centrality measure assumes values close to 0, while for the other datasets the correlation varies from weak to strong.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3774", "sentence1": "A restricted version of no heap real-time threads is also provided in order to support a thread-based concurrency model.", "sentence2": "one disadvantage of this approach is that the new structure has to rely on an underlying RTOS for scheduling purpose, which makes the HVM more difficult to port to a standalone environment.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2372", "sentence1": "Inspired by the recent advances of transfer learning, we propose a transfer learning based DSE framework TrDSE to build a more efficient and effective predictive model for the target program with only a few simulations by borrowing knowledge from previous programs.", "sentence2": "trDSE includes two phases: 1) clustering the programs based on the proposed orthogonal array sampling and the distribution related features, and 2) with the guidance of clustering results, predicting the responses of configurations in design space of the target program by a transfer learning based regression algorithm.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2141", "sentence1": "In particular, several memory sub-system parameters can be tweaked, possibly to miti\u00adgate the performance loss from relaxed timing.", "sentence2": "the memory system could potentially be provisioned differently to enable relaxation of the timing; with small degrees of PV, it may be possible to adopt relaxed global timings with appropriate configuration of memory sub-system parameters, such as redundancy, buffering and bank parallelism.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1148", "sentence1": "Figure 4(b) shows that error events usually contain ed or ed + 1 coded bit errors for all the code rates.", "sentence2": "ed and ed + 1 together account for more than 80% of the error events for all four code rates.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1720", "sentence1": "To showcase the reconfiguration aspects of our proposal with respect to the volume of faults, we present our gathered statistics in two different sets of graphs.", "sentence2": "the top graph in Fig. 6 depicts the simulation results assuming SRAM pfails up to 10-4 (low-pfail case), whilst the graph in the bottom shows the corresponding results for pfails ranging from 5\u00d710-4 to 5\u00d710-3 (high-pfail case). ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1489", "sentence1": "They do so by building a DAG that captures how different rules are placed in different TCAM banks for reducing the update churn.", "sentence2": "the resulting DAG is not suitable for caching purposes as it is difficult to answer the question we ask: if a rule is to be cached, which other rules should go along with it?", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1667", "sentence1": "This shortfall is primarily rooted in the analog IC design problem itself, which is very much more complicated even for small problem sizes: it deals with a large number of specific circuit classes; it requires a customized design approach for each circuit class; and analog circuits are very susceptible to noise and process variations.", "sentence2": "the work and costs involved in producing analog layout is a serious bottleneck in IC design, despite numerous attempts at automating the process.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_56", "sentence1": "Let H be the function class: In contrast, a privacy definition is said to compose sequentially if the privacy properties of algorithms that satisfy it degrade gracefully as the same dataset is used in multiple private releases.", "sentence2": "renyi differential privacy is said to satisfy sequential additive composition -if multiple private algorithms are used on the same dataset, then their privacy parameters add up.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_449", "sentence1": "In this work, we established that tabular model-based RL algorithms can explore by 1-step planning instead of full-planning, without suffering from performance degradation.", "sentence2": "exploring with model-based greedy policies can be minimax optimal in terms of regret.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3224", "sentence1": "Note that the functionality of a device is not broken if it is disabled after finishing one task and enabled before handling the next one, as long as the driver preserves and then restores the device context, respectively.", "sentence2": "this incurs unnecessary overhead due to power-state transition.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3216", "sentence1": "In formal notations, we use API to denote { CLAPI }, and operations on APIs are naturally set operations (e.g. API1 - API2 is set substraction, which excludes class declarations in API2 from API1 ).", "sentence2": "we use the notation APIs to denote the source API, CLAPI , and APId to denote the target API, CL'API , respectively.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1840", "sentence1": "The evaluation covers a wide variety of parallel applications.", "sentence2": "we evaluate the entire Splash-2 suite [28] with the recommended input parameters.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_385", "sentence1": "We depart from previous work by including the nominative (she), accusative (her), prenominal possessive (her) and predicative possessive (hers) inflections of personal pronouns, and we also include the non-gendered or collective pronoun they.", "sentence2": "for each sentence, we increment a count for female pronoun occurrence if any female pronoun is in the sentence, and then count the number pro-stereotypical and anti-stereotypical associations with occupation words (same for male and non-gendered pronouns).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2575", "sentence1": "These documents should be believable and appear to be legitimate.", "sentence2": "adver\u00adsaries should have a difficult time discerning decoy files from authentic ones.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3598", "sentence1": "In our case studies, we often observe that the set of nodes in the resubscription significantly overlaps with the node set of the original subscription.", "sentence2": "a resubscription operator guarantees the continuity of not missing any publications on nodes in this intersection.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1135", "sentence1": "In the low RSSI regime we see that the 64-length beacon begins to perform poorly, and is only able to correct 80% of the beacons to within 2 kHz error.", "sentence2": "the 128-length beacon with low RSSI is performs similarly to the high RSSI 64-length, which indicates extending the beacon length could further reduce CFO estimation error.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3991", "sentence1": "In every field, the correct tools are needed to complete a job or tasks.", "sentence2": "in mobile digital forensics, software is one of the most valuable tools.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2025", "sentence1": "While unreachable code may be a symptom of an unreachable state(s) and vice versa, in practice they often manifest themselves separately.", "sentence2": "automated techniques to aid the engineer in fixing a design when a state is shown to be unreachable are of paramount importance to reduce the verification burden and improve the design cycle.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1485", "sentence1": "Our CacheFlow system \"caches\" the most popular rules in the small TCAM, while relying on software to handle the small amount of \"cache miss\" traffic.", "sentence2": "we cannot blindly apply existing cache-replacement algorithms, because of dependencies between rules with overlapping patterns.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_300", "sentence1": "This unsatisfactory pattern of quantization error in Theorem 3 comes from the finite sample setting and proof methodology, since the bound is a worst case bound with n and k both finite.", "sentence2": "this bound is less meaningful for practical purposes.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2335", "sentence1": "Traffic-filtering based techniques mainly focus on solving the HSR s issues.", "sentence2": "these techniques try to filter unicast traffic for unused rings in HSR networks and remove duplicated and circulated traffic from the rings.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_922", "sentence1": "Higher-resolution cameras capture more pix\u00adels on the transmitter screen, and thus they support smaller grids on the transmitter screen and achieve higher throughput.", "sentence2": "the high-end SLR camera supports 720 grids on the 10-in screen enabling 6.6 Kbps throughput, six times higher than that achieved by iPhone 5s in our prototype.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1695", "sentence1": "Hence, as for more general discussions, we need to discuss not only the case that those assumptions are true, but also the case that those assumptions are not always true.", "sentence2": "in this paper, as the first attempt to establish the framework of temperature dependency aware skew design, we will focus our attention on the former case.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2797", "sentence1": "When a user holds and moves a mobile device in front of a real face over a distance, the changes of the views of the face can be observed in the facial video.", "sentence2": "the horizontal movement of the device (along axis X of the device) leads to changes in yaw while the vertical movement of the device (along axis Y of the device) leads to changes in pitch.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_935", "sentence1": "This important result reveals that there is a unifying approach that solves the resource allocation problem for graph-constrained systems (or, economies), for different node behaviors.", "sentence2": "we can apply the max-min fair criterion, that has been extensively used for load balancing in centralized communication networks (e.g., see [21] and references therein), to service exchange models with autonomous and selfish nodes.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_241", "sentence1": "For dense correspondence, the inter-frame affinity needs to be sparse to ensure one-to-one mapping.", "sentence2": "it is challenging to model a sparse matrix in a deep neural network.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1784", "sentence1": "MDC already embeds a power saving automatic feature [12].", "sentence2": "it is able to analyse the input dataflow models and to extract from them the optimal actors partitioning in order to implement clock gating power management strategies.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3914", "sentence1": "Todays all-flash storage arrays exhibit excellent I/O throughput, latency, storage density, and energy efficiency.", "sentence2": "besides measuring the RBER, they also use the page program time and the PEC to build a linear model to predict the error rate of blocks.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3361", "sentence1": "The rationale was that the testing effort might be a proxy measure of the claimed effects of TDD (improved quality and productivity), due to its central role in this technique [6].", "sentence2": "the authors claim that, since TDD developers are believed to put more effort in unit testing when com\u00adpared to test-last developers, the effects on external quality and productivity are likely to become evindent when an high level of testing effort is observed.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3620", "sentence1": "Note that we target real graphs with very high level of node heterogeneity, e.g. small-world, power\u00adlaw or highly clustered graphs, which leads to small candidate size in most cases.", "sentence2": "the computational complexity of our algorithm is low in real graphs.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2617", "sentence1": "Embedding DRAM onto the package adds cost because eDRAM requires additional fab process steps compared with eSRAM.", "sentence2": "when it comes to bandwidth-intense applications, eDRAM has proven to be beneficial for SoC as major area savings offset the process cost.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3976", "sentence1": "Performance The service should be capable of delivering high-quality audio within acceptable latency bounds.", "sentence2": "the latency between audio device sources should be less than that of the human hearing detectability threshold of 50ms for speech [6].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_13", "sentence1": "There are m machines, each observing n i.i.d sample functions from P .", "sentence2": "in this work, we present an algorithm with O log(mn) bits per message, which we call Multi-Resolution Estimator for Convex landscapes and log mn bits communication budget (MRE-C-log) algorithm.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3541", "sentence1": "In order to represent an accurate snapshot of the heap, the trace processing tool needs to merge the object\u2019s characteristics from the allocation event with its new address in the GC move event. ", "sentence2": "the parsed information of the allocation event must be preserved until the associated object dies.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3628", "sentence1": "It is important to note that analyzing changesets is quite different than analyzing the history of a source repository.", "sentence2": "changesets do not provide full information: we do not have the full set of project files, nor the compiler options used to actually compile the code.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2247", "sentence1": "Various techniques have been presented in the literature to generate unique IDs for IC products [4].", "sentence2": "physical unclonable function (PUF), first introduced by Gassend et al. [5] based on inevitable manufacturing variations, can be used to generate unpredictable and unclonable IDs. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_651", "sentence1": "We focused on demographic parity in this paper, but the ideas emphasized in this work, especially label bias, have potentially serious implications for other notions of fairness that go beyond even their relationship with accuracy.", "sentence2": "recent ways of assessing fairness such as disparate mistreatment, equal odds and equal oppurtunity involve error rates as measured against labeled data.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3032", "sentence1": "Javascript on this page automatically fetches the next site to be viewed periodically and opens it inside an iframe within the surf page.", "sentence2": "we calculate that dispersed clicks can be produced at about $0.11 per thousand.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_402", "sentence1": "Here we perform an ablation study in which we remove the evolution of the model parameters, and instead we fix them to stale values in time (which is the configuration used in [8,9]), and test with a case where the model parameters are indeed evolved in time, which corresponds to results of Table 2.", "sentence2": "we use two time steps for activation ODE (Eq. . 5b) and ten time steps for the evolution of the model parameters (Eq. 5c).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_330", "sentence1": "A series of related work [30,6,18,16,32,33,34] has shown that the user's historical behaviors play a key role in predicting the user's interests.", "sentence2": "the corpus size, and there is no restriction on the preference model structure.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_735", "sentence1": "So far we have argued that solving the RLP leads to a representation which is optimal in a meaningful sense.", "sentence2": "we leverage this perspective to provide formal evidence regarding the usefulness of value functions as auxiliary tasks.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1293", "sentence1": "Based on this novel approach, we provide a performance model for wireless systems that operate at finite blocklength.", "sentence2": "the core contributions of this paper are: We derive probabilistic delay bounds for wireless sys\u00adtems that use channel coding at finite blocklength.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2261", "sentence1": "Then, due to location dependency, the defect prob\u00adability of the relocated f-TSV will change after the allocation of the s-TSVs, which can result in a situation where repair is not feasible.", "sentence2": "the whitespace constraint must be taken into account during s-TSV allocation.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_674", "sentence1": "The aim of this paper is to reduce this dependence under a low-rank assumption on the k \u00d7 d matrix of parameters of the reward functions.", "sentence2": "each of the k reward functions is represented by a d-vector of coefficients (one coefficient per covariate) that is a row of the parameter matrix.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_350", "sentence1": "During inference, since the ground truth values are unavailable, the feedback, z k , has to be replaced by the previous network predictions.", "sentence2": "the same approach cannot be applied during training since the DRNN has not been trained yet and it may cause poor performance of the DRNN.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2469", "sentence1": "In addition, our perception analysis indicates that more complex patterns are perceived hard to enter.", "sentence2": "we assume that \"special moves\" like overlaps and knight moves are hardly used in the wild.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3156", "sentence1": "Similarly, different citizen groups monitor and criticize government surveillance programs [45].", "sentence2": "many countries in the Global South are struggling to maintain a stable democracy and are embarking on mass surveillance programs with little external oversight.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2583", "sentence1": "There is now a need for finer-grained access control: e.g., my pa\u00adtient record shall only be accessible by the clinicians who are actually treating me.", "sentence2": "access is granted on the basis of how the requestors are related to me.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3017", "sentence1": "The TDK has to mediate access to far fewer GPU configuration registers than full GPU virtualization.", "sentence2": "access to 39 out of 625 GPU configuration registers require mediation, 13 of which are needed for hardware overlays.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1313", "sentence1": "Besides the chosen strategies, these contributions confirmed that the transmissions efficiency increases with the knowledge of the mobility pattern.", "sentence2": "knowing how nodes move allows to reduce the number of unnecessary transmissions and the delivery delay.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2776", "sentence1": "We believe this syntax is sufficiently general to capture complex trust model frameworks, allowing reuse of trust models by different application instances.", "sentence2": "the trust schema for our blog example can be used by any other blog website that shares the same trust model.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1054", "sentence1": "Encrypted traffic increases continuously in today\u2019s Internet for better security performance, which obstructs the finegrained identification on the packets.", "sentence2": "we argue that the content parsing is still necessary and feasible for SDN.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3404", "sentence1": "Model-Driven Development (MDD) is a software development approach where models are first-class citizen [24].", "sentence2": "a special type of abstract model, so-called metamodel, is essential to this approach.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3076", "sentence1": "We construct the first fully succinct garbling scheme for RAM programs, assuming the existence of indistinguisha\u00adbility obfuscation for circuits and one-way functions.", "sentence2": "the size, space requirements, and runtime of the garbled program are the same as those of the input program, up to poly-logarithmic factors and a polynomial in the security parameter.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3710", "sentence1": "Moreover, the heuristics are based on the assumption that the source code contribution originates from the same person which changes the issue status to resolved.", "sentence2": "this assumption does not always hold and depends on the specific project.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2703", "sentence1": "Once the rootfs is mounted, the first Linux process init will be started to mount the rest of file systems from the devices, and then perform initialization procedures based on the configuration files (e.g., init.rc).", "sentence2": "some rooting traits are present on all rooted devices (e.g., su binary, SuperSU app), while others only on some.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1781", "sentence1": "A dedicated power controller to properly drive these latter is also required.", "sentence2": "to perform a single-cycle reconfigura\u00adtion, MDC inserts in hardware low overhead switching modules (SBoxes) placed at the crossroads between the different paths of data.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_238", "sentence1": "More importantly, we establish the statistical-computational barrier under an oracle computational model [16,18,19,54], which is an abstraction of computations made by algorithms that interact with data.", "sentence2": "we study the signal detection problem where the link function is defined as a continuous interpolation of two link functions of different types.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1182", "sentence1": "This is supported by the large Pearson correlation coefficient presented.", "sentence2": "selection of DCU deployment sites must evaluate the site's ability to support minimum data volume requirements.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1199", "sentence1": "When the light beam is blocked by human body, the existing pulse will disappear in frequency domain.", "sentence2": "by detecting the change in frequency domain, for each pair of LED light and photodiode on the floor, the system will know whether the light beam is blocked. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_556", "sentence1": "The primary contribution of this paper is a new framework, termed Probabilistic Embeddings for Meta-Inverse Reinforcement Learning (PEMIRL), which enables meta-learning of rewards from unstructured multi-task demonstrations.", "sentence2": "pEMIRL combines and integrates ideas from context-based meta-learning [5,26], deep latent variable generative models [17], and maximum entropy inverse RL [42,41], into a unified graphical model (see Figure 4 in Appendix D) that bridges the gap between few-shot reward inference and learning from unstructured, heterogeneous demonstrations.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3259", "sentence1": "Each point in P can be written as a convex combination of the points in vert(P ).", "sentence2": "p is the convex hull of vert(P ).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1106", "sentence1": "For example, running and falling both have similar frequencies but the duration of falling is shorter than running.", "sentence2": "to analyze CFR power for human activities, we need to extract frequencies from it at multiple resolutions on multiple time scales.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_813", "sentence1": "How does a server acknowledge receipt of a range of data?", "sentence2": "even if our vision of any IoT device connecting to any smartphone proves too radical a departure from the status quo, the basic ideas could still be deployed in more constrained administrative domains, like a home, office, or university campus.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3760", "sentence1": "Video streaming is an attractive mechanism for technology transfer at a reduced cost (both time and money) per viewer - particularly for companies with multiple locations (including within the same city, campus, or building).", "sentence2": "using video effectively is a challenge when it comes to audience interaction since the medium is much more limiting than a live lecture.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1488", "sentence1": "That is, rules R2 and R5 depend on rules R1 and R4, respectively.", "sentence2": "there is a dependency from rule R1 to R2 and from rule R4 to R5.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_48", "sentence1": "Note, however, that each realization has many different, possibly degenerate, parametrizations.", "sentence2": "a local minimum in the parametrization space needs not correspond to a local minimum in the realization space.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2848", "sentence1": "The afine gap penalty combines both constant and linear gap penalties, taking the form ga + (gb * L).", "sentence2": "it assigns an opening gap penalty ga, which increases with the rate of gb.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2769", "sentence1": "Each component of PIC service is detailed as the following: PI: PI should be well chosen to reveal the least privacy about Internet client.", "sentence2": "it should be the least rele\u00advant to the client's location, ISP, identity, and other sensitive characteristics.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1547", "sentence1": "Being able to accurately simulate A-MPDUs of any length using frames collected using only A-MPDUs of maximum length is the  key insight and critical requirement to enable trace-based simulation of 802.11n networks. ", "sentence2": "we now evaluate SIMn\u2019s accuracy when simulating the throughput of frames aggregated with fewer subframes during simulation than were obtained during trace collection.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1285", "sentence1": "sQualNet provides good scalability, accurate battery models, and also models the clock drift of nodes.", "sentence2": "the integrated data logger enables long\u00adrunning measurements.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2252", "sentence1": "From the high-dimensional base feature space FM .FB .FN , the proximities are able to reveal the underlying horizontal stripe pattern on the wafer even though in most test items this pattern are not directly observable and shadowed by some other more dominant types of spatial patterns.", "sentence2": "such stripe spatial variation may be subtle but consistently exists in most of the test items.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1484", "sentence1": "We thus argue that this INTERMEDIATE design can serve as the basis for a minimally disruptive design for future cellular core architectures that can address today's cellular core limitations.", "sentence2": "nFV is already a reality for carriers [7, 24, 6, 44], and there are many open-source and commercial efforts to virtualize cellular core functions [13, 19, 18, 5, 2, 3].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_503", "sentence1": "As suggested in Figure 2(b), one way of guaranteeing a low failure rate in our method is to collect adequate reference models.", "sentence2": "we know from prior works that even adversarial examples crafted using some single-step attacks like the fast gradient (sign) [18] can transfer [28,22], hence one can hypothesize that the gradients of some \"substitute\" models are more helpful in spanning the search subspaces with reduced dimensionalities.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2225", "sentence1": "An experimentation procedure, described in detail in [15], has been designed to estimate all the required parameters that cannot be obtained analytically.", "sentence2": "[15] depicts how host and Xeon Phi power, execution time, and performance are estimated experimentally using application code instrumentation.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2004", "sentence1": "For what concerns dynamic metrics estimation, in a traditional testbench based on transient simulation, the converter samples a sinusoid according to Shannon's law.", "sentence2": "the mismatch and the parasitics of each capacitance affect the conversion accuracy.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1717", "sentence1": "For spatio-temporal applications, CNNs can offer vastly superior performance and power efficiency when compared to conventional von Neumann architectures.", "sentence2": "there are many ways in which both the performance and imple\u00admentation complexity of a CNN system could be improved.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3150", "sentence1": "With the rapid growth of ICT adoption in the Global South, crimes over and through digital technologies have also increased.", "sentence2": "governments have begun to undertake a variety of different surveillance programs, which in turn provoke questions regarding citizens\u2019 privacy rights. ", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_195", "sentence1": "It is expected that if one could sample a training set ad libitum and measure the learner's true performance over all data, such behavior disappears.", "sentence2": "if one could indeed get to the performance in expectation over all test data and over all training samples of a particular size, performance supposedly improves with more data.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2301", "sentence1": "As long as the total weight of both dies is equal to one, there is no overestimation in inter-die coupling.", "sentence2": "for a double-counted capacitor, the weight ratio between the bottom in-context die and the top in-context die is proportional to the product of R ratios of both layers the capacitor connects to.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_315", "sentence1": "Experience replay [Lin, 1992] refers to storing previously observed transitions to replay later for additional updates to the predictions and policy.", "sentence2": "one of the main results by Kaiser et al. [2019] was to compare SimPLe to Rainbow DQN [Hessel et al., 2018a], which combines the DQN algorithm [Mnih et al., 2013[Mnih et al., , 2015 with double Q-learning [van Hasselt, 2010, dueling network architectures [Wang et al., 2016], prioritised experience replay , noisy networks for exploration [Fortunato et al., 2017], and distributional reinforcement learning [Bellemare et al., 2017].", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2645", "sentence1": "In contrast, less than 30 random reviewers have reviewed at least 100 apps in the app store.", "sentence2": "overall suspicious reviewers have reviewed significantly more apps than random reviewers.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2351", "sentence1": "As the image sensor will transmit the 2D image in a pixel serial order (i.e. left to right for each row and from top to bottom), a prediction can only be done for the next pixel in line.", "sentence2": "none of the future information (i.e. on the right and below the current pixel) can be used, unless there is a framebuffer.\n\n", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2444", "sentence1": "However, often times intrusions on the database level are not properly reflected in the network or OS level [11].", "sentence2": "a few intrusion detection systems have been proposed that uses the database audit trails (i.e., SQL query trace) to identify an intrusion against the underlying DBMS.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1363", "sentence1": "It also enables a sniffer mode with which we can capture the SoF delimiters of all received PLC frames.", "sentence2": "hence, we create two different networks, shown with different colors in Figure 2.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3512", "sentence1": "While all the components presented in Figure 3 are essential, we investigate specific components of the system with a focus on demonstrating SymbIoT\u2019s feasibility, value, and its ability to satisfy its design goals. ", "sentence2": "we describe our initial take on task configuration and generation, nodes configuration advertisement, and scheduling procedures. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1880", "sentence1": "It is posited that the same architectural standards that facilitate distributed intra-firm development, can be used to support crowdsourcing engagements Building on this thesis, Study 2 will explore the awareness, perceived preparation, usage intentions and usage levels of IT crowdsourcing services by IT services buyers.", "sentence2": "study 2 will examine the following research question: What determines enterprise readiness to use technology crowdsourcing services?", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3820", "sentence1": "Moreover, as the size of the corpus increases, the number of nonzero elements in the co-occurrence matrix does not necessarily increase at the same pace.", "sentence2": "in some scenarios the product of the variety of different words and possible contexts would still exceed memory of a single machine.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2293", "sentence1": "Nevertheless, if the generic MC neither has a sparse state transition diagram nor possesses any special structure, using such a formalism does not result in a more compact representation compared with the state transition diagram.", "sentence2": "for a generic MC with no special structure, the required number of abstract species and reactions will be equal to the number of states and transitions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2679", "sentence1": "In our case authentication is unidirectional, i.e., the device that wants to prove proximity is the one displaying the authentication gesture whereas the device verifying proximity is the one capturing the user gesture and internally comparing it against the expected checksum resulting from the key exchange protocol.", "sentence2": "performing the gesture would require the user to move her position or even climb on to a table, which is obviously neither feasible to assume nor desirable.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2552", "sentence1": "Thus even if the user Ui enters his/her wrong password and/or wrong identification, which may be the identification of another registered user, by mistake, both the login phase and authentication phase are still continued, and finally, at the end of authentication phase, S rejects the Ui login request. ", "sentence2": "it causes unnecessary extra communication and computational overheads during the login and authentication phase.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1036", "sentence1": "Advancing only the preamble (without advancing the data pulses) also advances the sampling intervals, leading to invalid received replies.", "sentence2": "the attacker cannot advance the preamble more than its processing advantage.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2847", "sentence1": "In this result, we can see that with \u03c9 > 83 we achieved 100% recall rate.", "sentence2": "all evasion calls of the ground truth dataset are captured when \u03c9 > 83.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1735", "sentence1": "For uniform data traffic, the average Hamming distance between the existing and incoming data is the same for mirrored/un-mirrored data.", "sentence2": "fPC and FNW operate only on un-mirrored data; this motivates MNW to take advantage of the possibility to reduce bit-writes using data mirroring, regardless of the success of FNW/FPC.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1870", "sentence1": "This is necessary to prevent the errors occurring in the tail of a region from escaping to following regions.", "sentence2": "any live-out registers, that are defined in the tail of the region, are required to have check instructions before the re\u00adgion boundary.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3952", "sentence1": "Finally, in each iteration, we determine requests and objects that can be pruned.", "sentence2": "we ignore requests and objects that have fading popularity and we ignore requests that have too high drift rate to benefit from caching.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1731", "sentence1": "We adopt the PCM latency and power model used in prior work [12].", "sentence2": "sOCO s minor degradations are mainly caused by compression/decompression latencies and add a nominal 0.18% and 0.1% for STT-MRAM and PCM, respectively.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1177", "sentence1": "Safari browser accounts for 86% of the iOS traffic.", "sentence2": "ma\u00adjority of the Android traffic is divided between the Chrome Mobile (55%) and the Android Browser (33%).", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1730", "sentence1": "In contrast, SOCO's compression is dedicated to reducing power consumption in NVMs rather than the traditional goal of saving memory space.", "sentence2": "sOCO leverages a cache-block-level delta-based compression scheme similar to the one used in prior work [14] but utilizes an essentially unmodified page management mechanism to enhance compression effectiveness and reduce over\u00adheads compared with the leading capacity oriented scheme [13].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1165", "sentence1": "Lei Wang is the corresponding author.", "sentence2": "compared with indoor localization schemes, CLaWa is a lightweight solution which does not require expensive localization operations or supporting devices.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2669", "sentence1": "Some of the schemes require an additional device.", "sentence2": "then, we consider a secret input scheme that uses a fixed secret, while an observable input scene appears to be randomized over multiple sessions.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_859", "sentence1": "Dolphin generates near field assertions via acoustic communications, manipulates the sound power to restrict the communication distance, and uses full-duplex communication [8] to resist relay attacks.", "sentence2": "dolphin has the following prop\u00aderties.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2865", "sentence1": "This paper considers side-channel attacks exploiting statistics values exported by procfs from co-located applications running within the same OS.", "sentence2": "we consider the default settings of procfs, which do not restrict accesses to a process' private directories in procfs by other processes.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2584", "sentence1": "Yet, as we shall see below, ReBAC authorization checks also make use of such relationships when an authorization decision is computed.", "sentence2": "these relationships constitute part of the protection state.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_36", "sentence1": "As demonstrated in Figure 6, optimizing Huber-loss using vanilla RGD can near perfectly recover both the underlying Bessel PSF and point-sources, producing accurate high resolution image.", "sentence2": "optimizing l4 -loss [21] fails to recover the PSF, resulting in some aliasing effects of the recovered image.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_384", "sentence1": "Since the WebText dataset has not been released fully by [27], we only use the partially released version with 250K documents 2 .", "sentence2": "barring a more robust study with more model sizes in consideration, we caution against a definitive conclusion.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_422", "sentence1": "Instead, we use a new method motivated by error-correcting codes.", "sentence2": "we perform several redundant queries, that help us to do this alignment.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3425", "sentence1": "While it is inherently hard to perform large-scale dy\u00adnamic analysis, we acknowledge the limited size of our 100-app corpus.", "sentence2": "obviously, if the verification is not implemented correctly, an attacker could impersonate the server.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3438", "sentence1": "Then, the model computes the time the car will need to traverse the node, adding traffic slowdowns which are again computed according to a Gaussian distribution.", "sentence2": "the probability of finding a traffic jam is a function of the number of cars which are currently passing through the node.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3126", "sentence1": " Writing in a noisy environment can significantly increase the difficulty of eavesdropping. ", "sentence2": "it is still possible to segregate the sound of handwriting by using multiple microphones [26]. ", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2870", "sentence1": "This is in fact an O(n) operation if full anonymity in the set is desired, as any row skipped by the server leaks information about the query.", "sentence2": "the cost of computation may be traded off by being anonymous in a proportionally smaller set of the users.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2905", "sentence1": "Further, the smallest standard deviation of the black-market tweets shows that most of them are retweeted around the mean time.", "sentence2": "we decide to use the standard deviation of a retweet time distribution as a feature.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2473", "sentence1": "Since UBM is trained on a large pool of data, one expects that a higher number of components could lead to a more precise model.", "sentence2": "when the number of components rises tight, we may have no access to enough training data for some of the components.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1560", "sentence1": "The SNs are a battery powered devices, and they consume their energy during the network process.", "sentence2": "the remaining energy can be used as a metrics for selecting the CHs.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2694", "sentence1": "As a second part of our evaluation, we used our prototype to sandbox the execution of 20 real-world applications.", "sentence2": "we selected 7 real-world popular apps from the top-free lists of 7 different app categories on the Google Play market.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1619", "sentence1": "These works either improve the sorting algorithms in terms of throughput and latency, or adapt the algorithms to a variety of general purpose parallel architectures such as SIMD or MIMD machines.", "sentence2": "when considering both energy and performance as the key metrics, hardware-based sorting solutions are preferred.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_65", "sentence1": "For our argument, we will rely on a classifier trained empirically, in contrast to our linear examples where we rely on an analytically derived expression for the learned classifier.", "sentence2": "this section illustrates that the effects we modeled theoretically in the linear classifier are indeed reflected in typical training settings, even though here it is difficult to precisely analyze the learning process.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3008", "sentence1": "However, once assigned to a SecApp, the GPU cannot be accessed by untrusted commodity OS/App code until the device is re-assigned to that code.", "sentence2": "a commodity OS/App cannot display its content during SecApp's exclusive use of the trusted display, unless the OS/App trusts SecApps unconditionally.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_479", "sentence1": "In this paper, we investigate graphical conditions to allow efficient identification in arbitrary linear structural causal models (SCMs).", "sentence2": "we develop a method to efficiently find unconditioned instrumental subsets, which are generalizations of IVs that can be used to tame the complexity of many canonical algorithms found in the literature.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3719", "sentence1": "Those facts indicated that reorderings by the proposed technique did not make the results of keyword-based code searches worse.", "sentence2": "we consider that reorderings by the proposed technique worked well especially when many keywords are found by the keyword-based code search.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2116", "sentence1": "For AF without SD link For AF without SD link when optimum power consumption is averaged over fading channel coofficients, the minimum average power consumtion takes places when relay node lies midway between source and destination terminal as plotted in Fig. 2.", "sentence2": "with x axis denoting position of relay terminal and taking   power plots are shown for all the four cases.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3053", "sentence1": "Considering the nodes in office LAN often is stationary and the channel between clients and AP changed slowly, meanwhile the nodes in mobile LAN often is dynamic and the channel between clients and AP changed quickly.", "sentence2": "the CSI's period of validity in stationary scenarios is longer than in dynamic scenarios.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_699", "sentence1": "A UVFA learns to predict the cumulative rewards between all state-goal pairs.", "sentence2": "empirically, the value function for long-range goals is always hard to estimate and may consequently result in failed policy.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_782", "sentence1": "In terms of provable robustness (URTE), our method is competitive to many provable defenses for CNNs.", "sentence2": "we outperform the LP-relaxation approach of [73] on all three datasets both in terms of test error and upper bounds.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3531", "sentence1": "So, for comparison purposes, we implemented a working version into PowerGraph and LFGraph unfortunately, this option gave much lower accuracy than Zorro.", "sentence2": "the inaccuracy was 25% for PageRank on PowerGraph and 51% on LFGraph with this option, vs. 0% inaccuracy using Zorro.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_752", "sentence1": "A recent line of work [15,5,26,4] has developed variants of differential privacy which permit tighter analyses of privacy loss over multiple releases of statistics as compared to both pure and approximate differential privacy.", "sentence2": "the notion of concentrated differential privacy (CDP) [15,5] has a simple and tight composition theorem for analyzing how privacy degrades over many releases while accommodating most of the key algorithms in the differential privacy literature, including addition of Gaussian noise calibrated to global sensitivity.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_680", "sentence1": "To evaluate the predictive performances based on a metric other than the log-likelihood, we also carry out the time prediction experiments.", "sentence2": "we use the median of the predictive distri-bution to predict the timing of the coming event and evaluate the prediction by the mean absolute error.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_731", "sentence1": "While a natural choice is to look for policies that maximize representation error, this poses the problem of how to parametrize the policies themselves.", "sentence2": "a policy parametrized using the representation \u03c6 may not provide a sufficient degree of \"adversariality\".", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_532", "sentence1": "In contrast to the non-smooth setting, the state of our understanding of SGD's final iterate for smooth stochastic convex optimization, or, say, the streaming least squares regression setting is far less mature \u00e2\u02c6\u2019 this gap motivates our paper's contributions.", "sentence2": "practical SGD implementations typically return the final iterate of a stochastic gradient procedure.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3887", "sentence1": "Ethics describes a gener\u00adally accepted set of moral principles, and addresses any intentional action that impacts negatively or positively the lives and values of others [21].", "sentence2": "ethics pro\u00advides moral guidance through principles; morals describe the goodness or badness of actions; values describe what an in\u00addividual or a group thinks is valuable or important [18, 1].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1813", "sentence1": "Adopting a high-bandwidth alternative to DDR3-based main memory based on 3D-stacked DRAM, called Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) [22], helps this situation to some extent, however, the speedups provided by using HMCs are far below the expected speedup from quadrupling the number of cores.", "sentence2": "if we assume that cores can use the internal memory bandwidth of HMCs2 ideally, i.e., without traversing the off-chip links, we can provide much higher performance by taking advantage of the larger number of cores.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1271", "sentence1": "Computer sim\u00adulations are used because they can be conducted compar\u00adatively easily.", "sentence2": "simulations using inexpensive computers have come into wide use due to the improved per\u00adformance of personal computers in recent years.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3071", "sentence1": "To reflect real world situations as much as possible, the demography of the subjects taking part in data collection should be as diverse as possible.", "sentence2": "people from different age groups, of different genders and with different device usage frequencies (this indirectly correlates with device familiarity) should be represented as much as possible.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3450", "sentence1": "However, in scenarios an action does not always end the process.", "sentence2": "an action step in the scenario creates a gap in the plan graph relative to the scenario.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_401", "sentence1": "The governing equation here is dz/dt = c(t) dz/dx, where c(t) is variable velocity, and z is the signal that changes in time.", "sentence2": "as discussed above, an alternative view of a residual network is the following continuous-time formulation: dz dt = f (z(t); \u00e2\u0153\u201c), with z(t = 0) = z 0 and z(t = 1) = z 1 (we will use both z(t) and z t to denote activation at time t).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3607", "sentence1": "One downside of CHL is that all procedures (including internal layers inside the file system) must have explicit pre- and postconditions.", "sentence2": "cHL's approach has two advantages.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3490", "sentence1": "This paper aims to study the AI techniques from the standpoint of their applications in design phase.", "sentence2": "it focuses on techniques developed or that are being developed (under conceptual stage/s) of AI that can be arranged in solving problems associated with design phase of SDLC.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2587", "sentence1": "Let us also point out that the probability does not effectively appear in the request, which means that the previous evaluation functions can still be applied.", "sentence2": "probabilities can always be ignored if they are not relevant.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_759", "sentence1": "in Fig. 2 (b), we analyze the functional changes over time.", "sentence2": "we fit the linear mapping function between neuron's firing rate and target trajectory in every 20-second temporal window with a stride of 1 second, and illustrate the distribution of the slope parameter.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2384", "sentence1": "For instance, it can hold a component firmly while the human is performing an assembly task.", "sentence2": "copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3371", "sentence1": "While the central location that acts as a hub is often located in a well-provisioned data center, the resources are typically limited at the edge locations.", "sentence2": "the available WAN bandwidth between the edge and the center might be limited.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3244", "sentence1": "Nowadays the rapid development of technology can be observed in every aspect of human life, with no exception to the educational world.", "sentence2": "implementation of secure online examination system is a hot topic.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3699", "sentence1": "Results of mediation analysis showed that value congruence was a mediating factor between candidate success factors and project success in this model.", "sentence2": "full mediation existed between transformational leadership and project success, and partial mediation existed between degree of agility and project success.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2757", "sentence1": "Inside the SMX, we further evenly dis\u00adtribute the number of cores into each execution cluster.", "sentence2": "two cores (when m is set as 128) are randomly selected from each execution cluster to produce the .nger\u00adprint in our investigated NVIDIA GPU Kepler Architecture.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3359", "sentence1": "As usual, each research question motivates some data extraction.", "sentence2": "the instrument was a spreadsheet, where each column represents a piece of information that had to be extracted from the studies.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1901", "sentence1": "In this regard, the efficiency of the adaptation (performance penalty vs. power/temperature reduction) strongly depends on the available spatial power information.", "sentence2": "the final system performance employing more localized adaption techniques will be considerably better [8].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3685", "sentence1": "In the first step, we remove markup from the HTML files and preprocess the resulting text files to account for the unique characteristics of software documentation not found in other texts, such as the systematic use of incomplete sentences and the presence of code terms.", "sentence2": "we prefix sentences that start with a verb in present tense, third person singular, such as returns or computes , with the word this to ensure correct parsing of partial sentences, such as Returns the next page number .", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3517", "sentence1": "SBMA uses interposition to intercept calls to libc's standard malloc library.", "sentence2": "a call to malloc() in a BDMPI program will be performed by SBMA.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1779", "sentence1": "In this paper, we will demonstrate as they can be used to automatically achieve power management since the earliest stage of the design flow.", "sentence2": "we are focussing on the automation of power gating.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1499", "sentence1": "Microsoft Media Services (MMS) and Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) are popular solutions used by the video streaming services.", "sentence2": "solutions based on HTTP over TCP are usually preferred owing to the following advantages [8].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1185", "sentence1": "Each molecule, during its trip, can hit the spherical receiver with radius rr and, in this case, the hitting molecule is absorbed by the spherical receiver.", "sentence2": "a molecule can contribute to the signal just once.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3114", "sentence1": "In this experiment, we con\u00adsider a honestly cloud and a malicious cloud.", "sentence2": "if a malicious cloud performs the deletion operations on the fly without extra storage, it is practical infeasible for the cloud to pass the challenge-response protocol.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1590", "sentence1": "If the G/L bit is 1, it is known that the BSSID is used as a local address in closed network.", "sentence2": "this research does not target such BSSID showing the local address.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_938", "sentence1": "We thus propose a sample-select approach to heuristically tackle the QMRP in an online manner.", "sentence2": "given the NP-hardness of the optimal path calculations, we employ a sample-select pro\u00adcess, where in the first stage, a set of feasible paths is sampled (i.e., generated) in polynomial time, and subsequently one of them is selected for the actual embedding.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3399", "sentence1": "Again, the LLVM compiler's auto-vectoriser fails to exploit any vectorisation opportunities.", "sentence2": "the port produced by FREE RIDER substantially outperforms the baseline implementation.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3771", "sentence1": "Search Provide support for search functionality Claims Assessor should be able to search for the claims record to be processed.", "sentence2": "the manual identification and classification took approximately 7.5 hours of each person s time.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3523", "sentence1": "But the reuse of contents is not always possible if it is location-dependent (as is presented in [13]).", "sentence2": "if the content mentions any characteristic of the environment, the reuse is limited.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1291", "sentence1": "In that case, varying the channel too quickly creates a lot of over\u00adhead.", "sentence2": "the channel still needs to change often enough to avoid long delays.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2303", "sentence1": "In this work, we are going one step beyond verification to an automatic, i.e., fault free synthesis of power-down circuitry.", "sentence2": "this would introduce head or foot switches which disconnect the ground and/or supply from the circuit.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1701", "sentence1": "Such a structure effectively reduces the transistor numbers of a single TCAM cell to 3.", "sentence2": "all these MTJ-based TCAM designs face a severe design challenge the small difference of MTJ s high and low resistance values (usually only a few KO) produces a very limited sensing margin, which significantly degrades the reliability of TCAM design, prolongs the searching latency and induces extra power overhead.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2438", "sentence1": "In MakeLeftHeavy, we reorder the children of every node so that they are ordered left to right in non-increasing height.", "sentence2": "the leftmost child has the maximum height amongst all the node's children, the next child to the right has height at most the height of its left sibling and so on.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3338", "sentence1": "The vast majority of slow SSD reads happen while the SSD is in the process of servicing segment write requests.", "sentence2": "we try to avoid writing to more than two SSDs per ECC group at the same time, and treat SSDs that are in the process of writing data as though they have failed.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_128", "sentence1": "Owing to their representational power, neural networks have long been a natural choice for modeling the function f [7,14,13,6].", "sentence2": "when using a generic neural network to model dynamics in this setting, very little can be guaranteed about the behavior of the learned system.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1332", "sentence1": "Service providers may use existing localization algorithms like time-ofarrival (TOA) and angle-of-arrival (AOA) to find the locations of wireless users, and encrypt the service data so that users at target locations can use appropriate keys to decrypt it.", "sentence2": "cryptographic encryption may cause a significant latency, and thus fail to support common services like high-speed downloading and online video watching.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2650", "sentence1": "We intro\u00adduce a new SCA profiling method based on Support Vector Regression (SVR).", "sentence2": "sVR aims at building a precise leakage model with given training set.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3572", "sentence1": "In some cases one widget totally dominates a specific data type (last name, category, maximum).", "sentence2": "in case of complex interactions more factors need to be considered for instance number of options, multiple/simple choices.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1428", "sentence1": "Path-end validation does not protect against the \"2-hop attack\", in which AS 2 pretends to be directly connected to a (legacy) neighbor of AS 1 (say, announces the bogus route 2 - 40 - 1).", "sentence2": "such attacks turn out to be quite ineffective, since the path that the attacker can announce to the victim's prefix, must consist of at least two hops, and BGP paths are typically short (about 4-hops-long on average [24]), i.e., most ASes will not fall victim to the attack.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_704", "sentence1": "The real-time implementation of the closed-loop system can be tackled by considering a sample-and-hold implementation of (1) of the form with p(0) = p, where p is a sampled version of the state p. The most common approach consists of periodically sampling the state, selecting a stepsize small enough to ensure that the function V remains monotonically decreasing for the resulting system.", "sentence2": "the result in Theorem 3.3 links the convergence rate of the discrete-time algorithm to the Lyapunov decay and the stepsize of the state-triggered implementation of the continuous-time dynamics.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_322", "sentence1": "Empirical results demonstrate the superiority of Transformer networks and show that a larger model tends to yield better performance.", "sentence2": "when a model is so large that it has to be allocated on multiple GPUs, data parallelism over these GPUs is not applicable because it requires each GPU to have one copy of the whole model.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2514", "sentence1": "As stated in the paper, higher frequency of polling may affect the proper display of the graphics, and the user may notice the abnormal event.", "sentence2": "trustLogin is able to defend a GPU-based keylogger as long as the polling interval does not pass below 15 microseconds.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2264", "sentence1": "This architecture is specifically targeted towards smartphones and provides secure separation features to enable information partition between business and personal content coexisting on the same system.", "sentence2": "it permits hot swap between these two content worlds (e.g., without requiring system restart).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_371", "sentence1": "Pose symmetric 1D convolution layers can be based on fully connected layers.", "sentence2": "a 1D convolution is a fully connected layer with shared parameters across the time dimension, i.e., at each time step the computation is the sum of fully connected layers over a window: we enforce equivariance at each time step by employing the symmetry pattern of fully connected layers at each time slice.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_519", "sentence1": "In all of these applications, because a sample is needed at every epoch t, it is desirable to have a fast online sampling algorithm.", "sentence2": "the ultimate goal is to design an algorithm for Problem 1.1 such that the number of gradient evaluations is almost constant at each epoch t, so that the computational requirements at each epoch do not increase over time.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1239", "sentence1": "End-to-End Delivery Ratio: The success probability of a packet delivered end-to-end.", "sentence2": "the number of (re)transmissions in each link in a path do not exceed the retransmission limit.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_725", "sentence1": "[33] handle constraints that are sums-of-ratios, but do so by solving a large number of linearly constrained sub-problems, with the number of sub-problems growing exponentially with the number of rates.", "sentence2": "each player can do Best Response (BR), Online Gradient Descent (OGD) or Follow-The-Leader (FTL), and the game is zero-sum (ZS) or not.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1314", "sentence1": "However, the discussion presented throughout this paper shows that this approach does not offer any advantage over the plain application of the PWP model.", "sentence2": "the former so\u00adlution makes the modeling task considerably more involved.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_640", "sentence1": "We study the problem of distribution-independent PAC learning of halfspaces in the presence of Massart noise.", "sentence2": "we are given a set of labeled examples (x, y) drawn from a distribution D on R d+1 such that the marginal distribution on the unlabeled points x is arbitrary and the labels y are generated by an unknown halfspace corrupted with Massart noise at noise rate \u00ce\u00b7 < 1/2.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_593", "sentence1": "In this paper, instead of learning a global ranking which is agreed with the consensus, we pursue the tie-aware partial ranking from an individualized perspective.", "sentence2": "we formulate a unified framework which not only can be used for individualized partial ranking prediction, but also be helpful for abnormal user selection.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3507", "sentence1": "Testing as well as verification at the concrete level is more expensive than on an abstract one, especially if some corresponding corrections within the system are necessary.", "sentence2": "it makes more sense to have more intensive testing at logical level to reduce the overall size of test suite for the next levels as much as possible.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1669", "sentence1": "Their signal is also strongly affected by motion noise and usually requires complex filtering/preprocessing steps.", "sentence2": "we achieve an error rate as low as 7% (based on eye motions alone) for the word count estimation (std = 0.5%).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1329", "sentence1": "Finally, it is our hope that by publishing scan data, carefully acquired and properly curated, we can reduce the need for Internet scanning performed by other researchers, and thus reduce the overall burden on destination networks.", "sentence2": "it is well established that attackers already use Internet-wide scanning to find vulnerable machines from botnets and bullet-proof hosting providers [17].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3543", "sentence1": "There are prior efforts that try to reduce resource consumption on smartphones [38, 44, 39].", "sentence2": "these efforts are orthogonal to our work.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_18", "sentence1": "Many approximate methods have been introduced to improve scalability, relying on mixture-of-experts models [7], inducing points [12,37,39,42], random feature expansions [20,30,47], or stochastic variational optimization [2,16,17,36,46].", "sentence2": "due to the historical intractability of training exact GPs on large datasets, it has been an open question how approximate methods compare to an exact approach when much more data is available.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3483", "sentence1": "Constants and refinements are files that can often be found in Feature-Oriented Programming (FOP) [6].", "sentence2": "refinements can change the behavior of a constant if a certain feature is included in a product.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3269", "sentence1": "The second consequence was that team members who had not been able to attend Kidsteam sessions in-person were now able to do so in the virtual environment.", "sentence2": "one team member's mother had an unexpected change of work schedule and he was unable to attend KidsteamUB sessions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3927", "sentence1": "Finally, while the original work on functional ornaments used a reflective universe, we use type classes as an open-ended and extensible meta-programming framework.", "sentence2": "users are able to extend the framework at will, unlike the clients of a fixed reflective universe.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3144", "sentence1": "The tickets are stored in the Request Manager linked to a particular request.", "sentence2": "results Collector's handlers can work on each particular request by using this ticket\u00adrequest association.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_240", "sentence1": "Our model performs favorably against the self-supervised state-of-the-art methods.", "sentence2": "our model outperforms Wang et al. [52] by 13.3% in J and 16.6% in F. and is even 6.9% better in J and 4.1% better in F than the ResNet-18 model [13] trained on ImageNet [9] with classification labels.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_277", "sentence1": "According to Theorem 1, reward redistribution keeps the optimal policies.", "sentence2": "even nonoptimal reward redistributions ensure correct learning.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3740", "sentence1": "However, a pure analysis of the process model description is not sufficient, but a more liberal interpretation is required.", "sentence2": "a static (idealized) description of a process is not sufficient as the obtained quality factors (and their practical value) highly depend on the person deriving it, especially regarding the expertise in the field and, since definitions are vague, experiences how the activities are carried out in practice.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2509", "sentence1": "For category I processes, because of their complete idleness, the constraining will be in effect immediately.", "sentence2": "any system call from these process will be considered as anomaly and thus will trigger manual intervention.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1578", "sentence1": "CoWS only allocates the amount of memory that a simulated WARP node currently needs.", "sentence2": "we are able to reduce the memory allocation per WARP node to about 4 MB.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1442", "sentence1": "To meet the requirement II, all devices including non\u00admesh devices and mesh APs must be authenticated to join the WMN by EAP authentication method such as PEAP or EAP-TLS.", "sentence2": "a mesh AP need to be an authenticator as an entry point to the WMN and also a supplicant connecting another mesh AP.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2089", "sentence1": "For secondary analysis, however, the procedure is generally fixed for all samples that come off the sequencers.", "sentence2": "further downstream analysis involves computational algorithms that directly answer the scientific questions at hand and are varied in their computational requirements.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_364", "sentence1": "Various versions of this fundamental problem have been studied before (see e.g., Drineas et al., 2006Drineas et al., , 2011Dhillon et al., 2013;Ma et al., 2015;Raskutti and Mahoney, 2016;Thanei et al., 2017, and the references therein).", "sentence2": "in a generative model where the data are sampled from a linear regression model, Raskutti and Mahoney (2016) have recently compared the statistical performance of various sketching algorithms, such as Gaussian projections and subsampled randomized Hadamard transforms (SRHT) (introduced earlier in Sarlos (2006); Ailon and Chazelle (2006)).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2234", "sentence1": "In particular 1 obtains better results on mips thanks to the implementation of Rotation Scheduling.", "sentence2": "3 obtains better results on dfdiv and dfsin thanks to the implementation of a better division algorithm.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1964", "sentence1": "Unless a thermal violation is predicted, the decisions of the default drivers such as the core and GPU frequencies, choice of big or little cluster and number of active cores, are affirmed.", "sentence2": "the proposed DTPM approach is non-intrusive when the temperature is within permissible levels.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1521", "sentence1": "6, the front\u00adend antenna reflection loss S11 must be minimized for all operating frequencies.", "sentence2": "it first decides what frequencies are transmitted based on the available bandwidth.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3688", "sentence1": "Multi-version projects are better choices as they have several programs whose sizes increase gradually, making it more obvious to observe the 2In this work, the cost of selective mutation testing refers to the time of compiling and executing every selected mutants against each test case.", "sentence2": "more selected mutants means larger cost.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_914", "sentence1": "Finally, the dielectric nature of the human body also affects the coupling between on-body RF antennas and the body itself.", "sentence2": "the gain and the radiation pattern of the antenna deteriorate because of the contact or proximity with the human body [16], while the resonant frequency and the input impedance of the antenna may shift from their nominal values.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2393", "sentence1": "Data was stored on an integrated memory and later processed for characterization of bowling deliveries.", "sentence2": "it is not possible to instrument a table tennis ball due to its very low weight.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2931", "sentence1": "As a result, active tags can be equipped with computational platforms that run crypto\u00adgraphic and security protocols to mitigate cloning attacks [5].", "sentence2": "passive tags do not enjoy these luxuries and there\u00adfore are more prone to cloning attacks.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2953", "sentence1": "We first leveraged existing compiler optimizations to reduce the usage of push/pop.", "sentence2": "modern compilers like gcc in most scenar\u00adios prefer using mov instruction for performance gain, as CPU can do pipeline scheduling for mov instructions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_406", "sentence1": "The encoder and the decoder together can be naturally viewed as an over-complete autoencoder, where the noisy channel in the middle corrupts the hidden representation (codeword).", "sentence2": "designing a reliable autoencoder can have a strong bearing on alternative ways of designing new encoding and decoding schemes for wireless communication systems.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3669", "sentence1": "The overall result of this study is the definition of a metric to aid stakeholders in deciding on whether the dependencies of a system should be updated.", "sentence2": "the contributions of this paper are: The definition of several metrics to quantify dependency freshness at the component-level, including their advantages and disadvantages.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3900", "sentence1": "We used the setup shown in Figure 7 to measure the energy consumption of an app on the mobile device.", "sentence2": "we used a Monsoon Power Monitor [37] to supply the mobile device with a steady voltage of 4.2 Volts and to measure its power consumption.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_508", "sentence1": "We define then smoothness of functions on combinatorial structures to be the smoothness of graph signals using the Graph Fourier Transform (GFT) [35].", "sentence2": "we propose as our GP kernel on the graph a variant of the diffusion kernel, the automatic relevance determination(ARD) diffusion kernel, for which computing the GFT is computationally tractable via a decomposition of the eigensystem.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3169", "sentence1": "In general, the attacker framework proposed in [31] can be applied to several security techniques, e.g. from risk analysis to model checking.", "sentence2": "in this work we focus on modelchecking based techniques.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_934", "sentence1": "Therefore, the lex-optimal allocation is an exchange equilibrium, and, additionally, any possible exchange equilibrium is also a lex-optimal allocation.", "sentence2": " the competitive interactions of rational users embedded in a graph, lead to the same allocation point that a central designer would have selected for such a system.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1238", "sentence1": "End-to-End Delivery Ratio: The success probability of a packet delivered end-to-end.", "sentence2": "figure 19 shows the end\u00adto-end delay of metrics in the three protocols.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3428", "sentence1": "Informal description: Every node u has a unique id idu and tries to simulate the behavior of the unique leader of the protocol of Theorem 1.", "sentence2": "whenever it meets another node for the first time it wants to mark it once and the second time it meets that node it wants to mark it twice, recording the number of first-meetings and second-meetings in two local counters.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1645", "sentence1": "Therefore, the existing IOMMU allows the I/O device to access an already unmapped buffer if the page in which it resides additionally houses a still-mapped buffer.", "sentence2": "rIOMMU eliminates this type of vulnerability.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1059", "sentence1": "Unlike the IP paradigm, NDN focuses on what the content is and not on where the content is located.", "sentence2": "in the NDN architecture, a packet is delivered according to its name rather than its destination address.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_429", "sentence1": "As a result, we can recover algorithms from this framework which have built-in online learning properties.", "sentence2": "these algorithms use an online Bayesian filter on the stream of noisy gradient samples, g t , to compute estimates off (x t ).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2206", "sentence1": "In order to minimize the frequency on allocating containers from the proposed bucket list and to ultimately extend the time on repacking chunks of containers, we adopt the worst-fit policy that tries to allocate containers with the largest free space and prefers to allocate the free space without any internal fragments.", "sentence2": "the proposed strategy will scan the com\u00adpact list from bucket N to bucket 0, and return the first container from the bucket that is not empty.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1444", "sentence1": "We then consider all pairs (ti, tj ) i = j, and consider a discretised grid counting the number of services in buckets of size 10.", "sentence2": "we count the number of pairs falling in each bucket.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_96", "sentence1": "Inspired by the concept, we propose to introduce the intrinsic reward design into multi-agent systems to distinguish the contributions of the agents when the environment only returns a team reward.", "sentence2": "we learn each agent a parameterized intrinsic reward function that outputs an intrinsic reward for that agent at each time step to induce diversified behaviors.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2640", "sentence1": "On the other hand, compared to Fig. 6, the average rating distributions of known promoted apps and suspicious apps are nearly identical.", "sentence2": "these suspicious apps have similar rating characteristics as known promoted apps, which indicates highly likely they are also promoted apps.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3322", "sentence1": "In our framework, we have to deal with components realized in the C language and an application constructed following the component-based paradigm [Crnkovic 2002].", "sentence2": "just experimental but no mature C++ IoC containers are currently present.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1984", "sentence1": "In this paper, we present a novel performance simulation tool with the added flexibility adequate for use in architectural optimization as the parameters of the component devices change.", "sentence2": "this simulator is designed to handle reconfigurable quantum hardware, where device parameter (DP) values can be adjusted  handle reconfigurable quantum architecture, where re\u00adsource investment scenarios can be studied  output concrete breakdown of performance metrics (e.g. total execution time and failure probability) and contents of resource overhead (such as qubits used as ancilla or for communication purposes).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_338", "sentence1": "The Lipschitz constant (or spectral norm) of a convolution operator is bounded by a constant factor of the spectral norm of its reshaped matrix [12,48,40], which enables bounding of the convolution operator's Lipschitz constant by bounding that of the reshaped matrix.", "sentence2": "this upper-bound can be conservative, causing a bias towards convolution operators with low Lipschitz constants, limiting the method's expressive power.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2920", "sentence1": "In this paper, we make the first step of exploring such threat space, and we show it is feasible to infer user\u2019s highly sensitive information, e.g., PINs and typed texts, through data collected from the built-in sensors, including accelerometer and microphone. ", "sentence2": "we propose a set of new techniques to model user\u2019s hand movement and reduce the interference from noises, and our attack is able to achieve high accuracy in keystroke inference. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_93", "sentence1": "In order to figure out what has been learned in the intrinsic reward function, we propose to explicitly visualize these rewards.", "sentence2": "we plot the learned intrinsic reward of each agent at each time step in a complete trajectory during testing.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1638", "sentence1": "The worst-case responses times calculated by the analysis tool SymTA/S are specific to the timing analysis model obtained after transformation of the MyCCM design model.", "sentence2": "some calculated response times may be related to tasks and operations resulting from the splitting process explained in Section 3.2.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_191", "sentence1": "Around the same time, Opper and Kinzel [1996] showed that in the context of neural networks a similar behavior is observed for small samples.", "sentence2": "the error rate for the single layer perceptron is demonstrated to increase when the training set size goes towards the dimensionality of the data [Opper, 2001].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1639", "sentence1": "Operation calls in MyCCM are namely either synchronous (blocking) or asynchronous (non-blocking).", "sentence2": "a major reason is the lack of engineering methods allowing the integration of the formal timing analysis in the different phases of the development process of real-time embedded systems.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_917", "sentence1": "One of the challenges in RF phase based tracking is accurate measurement of the received signal phase.", "sentence2": "the carrier frequency offset (CFO) between the sender and the receiver causes the phase to change over time even if the receiver is not moving.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1447", "sentence1": "This means that, independently of the volume of their activity, the sets of services contained in time bins are significantly different.", "sentence2": "users tend to contact same services over time, but the number of new services is however fairly large, meaning that the degree of repetitiveness is low.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1591", "sentence1": "The ratio of existing decreases tem\u00adporarily but it starts to increase again as the total observed days increases.", "sentence2": "it is concluded that eight (the ob\u00adserved days) is the change-point since hotspots are elimi\u00adnated and the amount of data is not too limited.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1322", "sentence1": "The easiest implementation is the request of non-existing content as entries need to expire until they are removed.", "sentence2": "even the request of existing content may harm the infrastructure when the entries in the Pending Interest Table (PIT) exceed the content delivery rate (e.g., due to large network delays) [5].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1085", "sentence1": "It is clear that EU provides a large benefit over the other schemes for higher percentiles of ping latency.", "sentence2": " NSbased mapping provides diminishing benefits beyond 160 deployment locations for the 99th percentile latency, and is in particular unable to reduce it below 186 ms even with 1280 deployment locations.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1218", "sentence1": "For example, the grayscale value of 100 might normally be considered black and representing 0 in QR Codes, but for ImplicitCode, it could be 1 if the carrier video block is even darker. ", "sentence2": "we also need to determine the threshold between the colors representing 1 or 0 relative to the carrier video, even though we cannot assume any a priori knowledge of the carrier video. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2287", "sentence1": "This shows how much information leaks from the i-th key bit when encryption time is known.", "sentence2": "how much does the total runtime depend on the i-th bit of the key", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_27", "sentence1": "The exact way this is done depends on the specific step-size schedule.", "sentence2": "we consider two situations: First, when the step-size is either constant or a simple function of t (or tt in case of ASYNCADA(\u00e2\u2021\u00a2)), and second, when diagonal ADA-GRAD step-sizes are used.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1214", "sentence1": "The evaluation results in Section 3 confirm that uplink process\u00ading dominates the downlink, and that the total processing increases with PRB and MCS.", "sentence2": "the contribution of each underly\u00ading BBU functions to the total processing time and how they scale with the increase of PRB and MCS remains to be analysed so that an accurate model could be build.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_872", "sentence1": "He presents a proxy server that can adapt SVC video streams according to current network conditions.", "sentence2": "\u201cinstead of reacting on packet loss, [the] approach uses an increase in queueing delay at the router to detect phases of throughput degradation.\u201d [9] ", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1235", "sentence1": "In this work, we observe that spatial correlation interplays with temporal correlation to exhibit reception correlation at consecutive links.", "sentence2": "there exists spatiotemporal correlation, i.e., the packet reception of a link is dependent on the recent reception at preceding links along a path.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1408", "sentence1": "We detail our two human detection schemes in section 4 and 5, respectively.", "sentence2": "context-aware technology is of rising demand in our everyday life, which aims to sense the variations of surrounding environment through deployed sensors or related technologies.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3917", "sentence1": "They must be mapped into GPU address space in order to be accessible from the GPU.", "sentence2": "the cudaHostRegister() call, which is used to map CPU physical memory into the GPU address space, does not support MMIO pages.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1949", "sentence1": "This paper proposes a novel hybrid architecture, which improves the on-chip communication bandwidth significantly using mixed wires and surface wave interconnects (SWI) fabrics.", "sentence2": "the bandwidth of multicasting can be drastically improved.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1797", "sentence1": "As Figure 2 shows, we explore the opportunity to benefit from data pre-processing using a group of inexpensive, commodity servers that are placed near the data source.", "sentence2": "we are primarily interested in in-situ datasets that need to be processed timely but do not have a very strong requirement for real-time processing.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2586", "sentence1": "Finally, a request may be malformed and policy evaluation may fail unexpectedly.", "sentence2": "the PDP may return an inconclusive result, indeterminate results, or inconsistent results.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1704", "sentence1": "However, the atomistic treatment of BTI leads to a statistical and con.dence-based perception of those metrics.", "sentence2": "given the variable manifestation of BTI it is imperative to employ statistical methods.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_604", "sentence1": "First, like the previous work [28,35,25,20], we used regions that humans have explicitly marked as important.", "sentence2": "this requires a fair bit of extra human effort to provide such detailed annotations.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3576", "sentence1": "We can conclude that all the studied factors (pleasantness, unambiguousness, applicability) a.ect the understandability of the diagram.", "sentence2": "their guidelines suggest, e.g., that different graphics and icons should be used modestly, there should be clarity regarding the meaning of different symbols, and color should be preferred over black and white (but the number of di.er\u00adent colors should be restricted).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_5", "sentence1": "Unlike conventional deep networks that come with a fixed number L of layers, the runtime of DEQ depends strongly on the number of Broyden steps to reach the equilibrium.", "sentence2": "it's challenging to fairly compare the runtimes of implicit-depth models like DEQ with those of corresponding weight-tied deep networks (e.g., using higher depth necessarily takes longer to run).", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1679", "sentence1": "We use these data sets to inves\u00adtigate the effect of bandwidth on location-oriented activity recognition.", "sentence2": "we investigate what happens if we use a bandwidth of 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz and 125 MHz.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3502", "sentence1": "The percentage of rated extensions for Magento (49%) is of particular significance, considering that it is the platform with the greatest number of extensions.", "sentence2": "prestaShop falls short in terms of this metric, accounting only for 23% of rated extensions.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3246", "sentence1": "If consistency-control scheme is designed based on WAL scheme, the file system reflects the updates from the logging area to the file system area, whenever read request is issued.", "sentence2": "since MinL2R reflects the updates to the file system area directly with rollback-recovery scheme, the application can read the requested data from file system area of SCM storage, regardless of logged data.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1051", "sentence1": "A recent survey indicated that the number of L7 appliances (e.g., middleboxes) in SDN\u2019s infrastructures is comparable to the number of routers [29], making high layer processing in SDN highly challenging.", "sentence2": " to empower SDN with such functions, high layer visibility and protocol parsing in the device are necessary. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2037", "sentence1": "We propose a method for logical equivalence check (LEC) of asynchronous circuits using commercial synchronous tools.", "sentence2": "we verify the equivalence of asynchronous circuits which are modeled at the CSP-level in SystemVerilog as well as circuits modeled at the micro-architectural level using conditional communication library primitives.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2718", "sentence1": "In our mechanism, this property is achieved since information pertaining the mobile phone is only shared with the Service Provider in unintelligible form.", "sentence2": " the phone identifier included in the User Credential is carried over from the Phone Credential without revealing its value to the issuing Service Provider.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2973", "sentence1": "Unfortunately, solving this ILP is intractable and it takes more than a day to even solve a small problem instance with just 40 machines (Table 1 in \u00a78).", "sentence2": "while the ILP approach is an exact optimal solution in terms of the leakage subject to fixed migration budget, it is far from viable in terms of the scalability requirements.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_412", "sentence1": "However, in supernet pre-training, we adopt a path-wise [7] manner to ensure the trained supernet can reflect the relative performance of candidate networks.", "sentence2": "in each iteration, only one single path is sampled for feedforward and backward propagation.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_132", "sentence1": "We now show, on a simple example, that the k-ReLU concept can be used to improve the results of state-of-the-art verifiers.", "sentence2": "we illustrate how the output of our verifier kPoly instantiated with 1-ReLU is refined by instantiating it with 2-ReLU.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1834", "sentence1": "SLIP can be employed in caches using such interconnects to further reduce the energy consumption.", "sentence2": "6b need to be stored per page (3b for L2 and 3b for L3), which can fit in the ignored bits of a 64 bit page table entry (PTE)2 .", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1623", "sentence1": "This will be a short path, as the exception handling conditions are largely calculated before the final output.", "sentence2": "abstracting with credit is permitted.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_332", "sentence1": "We vary sample size between 100 and 1000, and repeat the simulation 50 times in each setting.", "sentence2": "bAE's aleatoric uncertainty is still biased in that it is roughly constant throughout the range of x, failing to account for the heterogeneity in observation's variance, a pattern that is evident in data's empirical distribution.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1729", "sentence1": "The BDI method [14] leverages redundant patterns (e.g., zero blocks, narrow values and low dynamic range patterns) exhibited by adjacent data bytes/values within a cache block.", "sentence2": "bDI divides a cache block into several sub-blocks and represents the entire block as two base sub-blocks (a zero sub-block and the first non-zero sub-block) plus the difference information (\u0394).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_53", "sentence1": "Since the optimization problem is constrained on the unit sphere, the Euclidean space optimization methods such as SGD cannot be used to optimize our objective, because the Euclidean gradient provides the update direction in a non-curvature space, while the parameters in our model must be updated on a surface with constant positive curvature.", "sentence2": "we need to base our embedding training problem on Riemannian optimization.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_733", "sentence1": "We contrast the AVF-driven representation with one learned by predicting the value function of random deterministic policies (RP).", "sentence2": "these policies are generated by assigning an action uniformly at random to each state.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1827", "sentence1": "Moreover, application-specific address mapping schemes that will lead to higher parallelism and locality can be determined via profiling.", "sentence2": "simply changing the address mapping at the runtime will result in incorrect program execution the data need to be reorganized accordingly to retain the original program semantics.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1034", "sentence1": "We agree with the general intuition of the principle in [9], but would reformulate it in the following way: Minimize the length of the symbol used to present a single bit as well as the processing time the transceiver needs for demodulating a single bit challenge and sending the response bit.", "sentence2": "distinguish the two possible trans\u00admitted bit values at the receiver within as short a time as is feasible and send an answer as fast as possible.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1548", "sentence1": "We showed that such peaky signals also have, in the wide-band limit, very strong AJ properties [9, 10].", "sentence2": "we showed that, through the use of peaky signals, energy-limited jammers do not affect capacity in the wideband regime.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2283", "sentence1": "The security wrappers provide a standardized way for E-IIPS to obtain such collateral while abstracting the details of internal implementation of individual IPs.", "sentence2": "the wrappers implement a protocol to communicate with E-IIPS during the execution.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3239", "sentence1": "After the preliminary analysis has been com\u00adpleted, the next step is to select targets for testing.", "sentence2": "we aim to select specific instructions in the program under test that are more likely to trigger a bug, so we can guide our testing towards those in\u00adstructions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_482", "sentence1": "We hypothesize that an ideal unsupervised learning algorithm should use past observations to create a stable representation of the environment.", "sentence2": "a representation that captures the global factors of variation of the environment in a temporally coherent way.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3406", "sentence1": "A component model defines components and their com\u00adposition.", "sentence2": "rather, software units are usu\u00adally glued together, albeit often using very sophisticated programming frameworks.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2752", "sentence1": "It is recommended that an SDN network employ switches from multiple man\u00adufacturers and companies.", "sentence2": "it also increases the probability that one or few switches in the network are compromised and attack the rest of the network infrastructure.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3510", "sentence1": "It can be seen from the results that as the number of the kernels increases, the communication overhead becomes significant and the throughput decreases.", "sentence2": "persistent threads approach seems that does not follow the same decay of normal CUDA kernels, providing increased throughput when more than 12 kernels are utilized.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2987", "sentence1": "Once all the community cards are revealed, parties that wish to claim the pot start revealing their cards.", "sentence2": "parties execute an additional stage where they take turns to reveal their cards, i.e., reveal their share hi,i (which reveals their hand).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_294", "sentence1": "In other words, while training our model iteratively generate unseen samples and use them as training datapoints to gradually update model parameters.", "sentence2": "our model favorably attain both seen and unseen classes understanding.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_818", "sentence1": "We configure the UE in diagnostic mode, and the QXDM tool continuously queries and collects various radio and chip-\u00adlevel information.", "sentence2": "we use the HS-DPCCH-INFO and HS-DECODE-STATUS log packets to retrieve the CQI and DTX information, respectively.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2954", "sentence1": "We enforced the alignment by leveraging gcc's supports for multiple platforms.", "sentence2": "on platforms like ARM, function invocations do not automatically save the return address on stack, so gcc already understands how to align stack when there is no return address on stack.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1969", "sentence1": "We ran each benchmark and predicted the temperature T [k+10] at every control interval T [k].", "sentence2": "the temperature one second (10 control intervals) ahead of time is predicted using a sliding window, and the predictions are compared to the measured values at the end of each experiment.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3638", "sentence1": "The extraction process is implemented as a breadth-first search (BFS) variant, where all the recorded (visited) methods will be skipped.", "sentence2": "all the logging methods are excluded in this process.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1752", "sentence1": "As expected from the discussion in Sec. 3.2 the sensitivity decreases as the delay increases.", "sentence2": " the lack of sensitivity assists in reducing the variation of the trough location due to measurement noise.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1806", "sentence1": "Our memory model ensures atomicity between PEIs.", "sentence2": "a PEI that reads from and writes to its target cache block is not interrupted by other PEIs (possibly from other host processors) that access the same cache block.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3025", "sentence1": "The protocol con\u00adsists of two rounds.", "sentence2": "each trustee Ti performs the following: Round 1: 5Note that, during this step, any invalid ciphertexts and duplicated ciphertexts are removed.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_852", "sentence1": "In addition, the proposed scheme using pseudo-broadcasting shows a slightly higher performance than when using broadcast flooding mode because, in the MAC layer, the retransmission mechanism operates when it fails to transmit so as to provide communication reliability.", "sentence2": "nodes can receive the packet with a higher probability compare to those of broadcast flooding mode.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_252", "sentence1": "We also performed a qualitative comparison of the latent structures inferred by the different models and found that the sparse variant of the PRGDS inferred some components that the other models did not.", "sentence2": "the sparse variant of the PRGDS is uniquely capable of inferring bursty latent structures that are highly localized in time; we visualize examples in Fig. 5.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2305", "sentence1": "When receiving the response, NIC inspects the SSV of the response to check if the response is sent from the latest data owner.", "sentence2": "the response is confirmed to be valid if there is no preceding write request for the cache line which is not snooped in the SSV from the response(Accordingly, the SSV only needs to provide the snooping status for preceding requests.).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3315", "sentence1": "That is, today pattern mining is a rather informal or ad hoc process of finding patterns in software systems.", "sentence2": "often the pattern author identifies one or more patterns in his own experiences, and then broadens the scope by searching for the identified patterns in related systems and/or looking for related other patterns in the systems under consideration.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2535", "sentence1": "Note that our fake malware does not send private user data to our server; it merely sends bogus values to our server.", "sentence2": "it did not leak any private user data from anyone happened to download it.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_150", "sentence1": "In medical trials [11], to identify the best drug for a disease, one can conduct tests in rounds, such that each round involves testing multiple candidate drugs on multiple clinical subjects (e.g., mice) simultaneously.", "sentence2": "after each round of testing, there is typically a waiting time (e.g., days) before the effects of drugs become observable to guide the design of the next round of testing.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_817", "sentence1": "In such a scenario, CQIC tries to match the the achievable bandwidth with the channel capacity offered by the cellular base station for the UE.", "sentence2": "the fairness among CQIC and TCP flows to different UEs are provided by the underlying scheduling algorithm implemented at the base station.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3835", "sentence1": "Consequently, there is more to UX than ever as the skills related to UX work have differentiated, new tools became available, and new ways of working, such as data-driven design, suggested.", "sentence2": "in addition to these elementary digital design skills, future would probably show demand for skills in data analytics and evidence-based design.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3366", "sentence1": " As technology evolves and new programming paradigms are born, Design Patterns evolve too: patterns for distributed and parallel computing or Cloud oriented and High Performance architectures have been defined to meet current applications requirements.", "sentence2": "here we focus on Cloud Patterns, that can be seen as a recent evolution of Design Patterns but especially defined for Cloud platforms and environments.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3055", "sentence1": "The idea is to perform self-benchmarking of critical portions of code in order to ensure that debugging breakpoints have not been inserted, and an attacker has not tampered with critical portions of the virtual processor such as the native system calls, using timing analysis from within the V-OS firmware to detect such an attack in progress.", "sentence2": "while this concept works against some attacks, we have found this difficult to implement in production due to the native processor speed variation both between mobile devices as well as within an execution session due to multitasking.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_631", "sentence1": "Instead of trying to guess the projection of w * onto the space of large eigenvectors all at once, we will do so in stages.", "sentence2": "we study the problem of properly learning large margin halfspaces in the agnostic PAC model.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2207", "sentence1": "The rationale behind this design is that the storage device initially has more free space but less knowledge in data deduplication.", "sentence2": "there is no need to have too many compaction activities to optimize the space usage in the beginning.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_893", "sentence1": "The data recorded by nodes are timestamped with the logical time (epoch) of acquisition.", "sentence2": "the logical time is synchronized neither across nodes nor w.r.t. global (physical) time.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3403", "sentence1": "Considering that components can be used for realizing reference architectures, we also investigate how they could be expressed in such a formal description.", "sentence2": "we focus on embedded systems due to the sophistication required for systems in this domain.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1457", "sentence1": "Energy conservation, ambient energy harvesting, incremental deployment, battery replacement, and wireless charger are among the typical suggested solutions.", "sentence2": "the majority of these solutions didn't revisit the standard specification to implement the new proposed techniques.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_231", "sentence1": "Policies that aim for high empowerment can lead to complex behavior, e.g. balancing a pole in the absence of any explicit reward signal [23].", "sentence2": "the implicit dependency of p on the optimization argument \u00cf\u20ac empower renders the problem non-trivial.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3000", "sentence1": "In the case of Korea, video calls from operators cost 1.66 times the price of a voice call.", "sentence2": "we utilize RTP tunneling as all the operators we tested encapsulated voice data with RTP.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_857", "sentence1": "To offer the flexibility of resource distribution, we are exploiting three type of transmission: unicast, multicast over an SFN, and multicast within the local coverage of a cell.", "sentence2": "our results show that the proposed algorithm can serve up to 40X more users than the common unicast streaming approach.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3028", "sentence1": "Our simulator is given as input the number of attackers to generate, as a percentage of population size.", "sentence2": "as the population increases we assume a linear increase in at\u00adtackers as well.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3707", "sentence1": "The Verification and Validation (V&V) of this access control policy is thus a crucial activity in the design of the SIS.", "sentence2": "the access control policy should prevent insiders attacks where legitimate users of the system abuse of their privileges to gain access to forbidden information.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3182", "sentence1": "A file is written to the shared repository if and only if the writer successfully distributes the file\u2019s tokens onto at least t owners\u2019 accounts.", "sentence2": "a write access granted to the shared repository is equivalent to write access to at least t of the owners\u2019 accounts.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1136", "sentence1": "Our second key insight is that synchronization and association are not time-critical.", "sentence2": "synchronization is valid for 100s of ms and association only happens once; thus by reducing the frequency of synchronization Faros is able to substantially reduce the channel overhead of these operations in the no-CSI mode, at the cost of slightly increased association latency at the cell edges.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1767", "sentence1": "Afterward, our strategy to improve the FTC precision is altered from avoiding fluc\u00adtuations to tracking them.", "sentence2": "a novel version of the FTC, referred to as fuzzy compression adaptive transform (Fuzzy-CAT) is presented.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2193", "sentence1": "Consequently, sLLC shows higher performance improvement than pLLC for VM1. ", "sentence2": "for such control, each cache line keeps a VM identifier to identify the VM that loaded the cache line.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_798", "sentence1": "As output, weights for an observer function with a descriptive latent space are learned.", "sentence2": "we learn a variational autoencoder Welling, 2013, Rezende et al., 2014] that takes, as input, a state description of a robot and minimizes the reconstruction cost of said state.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_956", "sentence1": "However, when other nodes are added to it as relays, cycles might be formed.", "sentence2": "when paths connecting different pairs of multicast members share the same relay nodes, such node may receive redundant information, which indicates that cycles come into being.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3700", "sentence1": "LSI requires defining the number of topics that should be extracted.", "sentence2": "the pure Jaccard performed better for comparing tasks of different developers.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2539", "sentence1": "In this section, we thus develop juice filming attacks, which are a type of charging attacks but without the need to request for phone unlock and any permissions.", "sentence2": "whether users trust or distrust the computer does not affect our attacks.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_298", "sentence1": "[12] use the Gumbel-Max trick to reparameterize the discrete VAE objective, but, unlike our work, they relax the resulting formulation, replacing the arg max with a softmax operation.", "sentence2": "they introduce the continuous Concrete (Gumbel-Softmax) distribution and replace the discrete random variables with continuous ones.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_377", "sentence1": "Instead, we provide novel strategies for eliciting linear functions of the multiclass confusion matrix and extend elicitation to more complicated yet popular functional forms such as linear-fractional functions of the confusion matrix elements [14].", "sentence2": "the elicitation procedures involve binary-search type algorithms that are robust to both finite sample and oracle feedback noise.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1183", "sentence1": "Sharing opportunities are sparse but exist.", "sentence2": "we observe one pair of home APs, node 0 and 7, which exhibit recip\u00adrocal sharing relationships.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_975", "sentence1": "So far, D2D communication has been mostly studied for direct downlink traffic offloading between two mobile users within proximity, such as interference management, resource allocation, performance evaluation, etc.", "sentence2": "for a cellular user, the requested data is delivered from the buffer of a neighboring user via D2D communication, without traversing through the serving BS or the core network.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3316", "sentence1": "Patterns thus represent a conceptualization of problem solving behavior achieved by abstracting from implementations and the explicit decisions software designers have made in software development projects when dealing with many influential forces that constitute complex problems.", "sentence2": "software patterns to be newly discovered are successful mental design constructs, which have not yet been discovered as such, but are rather represented as unexplored and unconscious knowledge of expert software designers that is hidden in the software implementations.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_370", "sentence1": "For instance, collaborative virtual reality applications rely on accurate pose estimation for which significant advances have been reported in recent years.", "sentence2": "additionally, when comparing without test-time augmentation, our approach outperforms by 1 mm.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_854", "sentence1": "The time required to switch the network interface from an active to idle is assumed to be negligible in this work.", "sentence2": "it is sufficient to utilize the time duration where a network interface is turned off as a direct representation of the energy saving for such receiver.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3058", "sentence1": "To prevent attackers from easily reverse engineering the distributed binaries, a software vendor can obfuscate the binaries he distributes, i.e., transform them into semantically equivalent ones that are significantly harder to understand and reverse engineer.", "sentence2": "when a vendor deploys an obfuscator tool on his software, this tool will only transform the code available at obfuscation time.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3776", "sentence1": "In this paper, we present the design of TouchDevelop\u2019s cloud back-end and how it simplifies the creation, maintenance and publication of apps.", "sentence2": "we believe that for beginning app authors, fully featured version control systems together with app store publication models are too complex.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_908", "sentence1": "To reduce complexity, we restrict the routing algorithm to X-Y routing (dimension-order routing) with the standard 2D mesh.", "sentence2": "the path of a packet has at most one turn.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1441", "sentence1": "The second feature, adding value to other protocols, is also consistent with the notion that network control functions that benefit other protocols should have an easier time be\u00ading adopted.", "sentence2": "its high p-value together with the small number of protocols in this category, make it difficult to draw strong conclusions from its selection.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_500", "sentence1": "To demonstrate that ATMC achieves remarkably favorable trade-offs between robustness and model compactness, we carefully design experiments on a variety of popular datasets and models as summarized in Section 3.1.", "sentence2": "since no algorithm with exactly the same goal (adversarially robust compression) exists off-the-shelf, we craft various ablation baselines, by sequentially composing different compression strategies with the state-of-the-art adversarial training [32].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1006", "sentence1": "At the same time, there is a considerable amount of traffic from both B and C to D. By duplicating service D at both nodes where B and C reside, we can significantly reduce traffic footprint.", "sentence2": "if the Broker is aware of an intradomain instance of the service, the broker contacts the device that has the instance and requests that it migrates the service to the SEG using a specific transmission module that is suit\u00adable for the underlying network topology.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1845", "sentence1": "The dynamic super block scheme does not merge blocks during Path ORAM initialization.", "sentence2": " all blocks have sbsize = 1 after initialization. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1321", "sentence1": "The last class of approaches that we discuss in this paper are countermeasures that analyze PIT consumption per name prefix.", "sentence2": "this observation can be easily misused by an attacker when launching real-world attacks.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2686", "sentence1": "The basic reasoning is that a certificate is valid only if it is published in an audit log.", "sentence2": "a domain owner must register a new certificate with an audit log in order to make this certificate valid.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3024", "sentence1": " However, node B downloads additional files, some of which (nodes C and F) are detected as malicious, suggesting that node B, and potentially node D downloaded from the same domain as node B, as well as all of the nodes reachable from them in the downloader graph, are likely involved in malware distribution.", "sentence2": "by analyzing the downloader graphs on a host we can identify large parts of the malware download activity, which may otherwise remain undetected.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_601", "sentence1": "This is because negative gradients on the inputs to a ReLU are valuable evidence against the current prediction.", "sentence2": "there is no need to zero them out with a ReLU.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_187", "sentence1": "However, unlike shallow networks, the training process of RNN often runs into the trouble of vanishing or exploding gradient [53].", "sentence2": "the value of the gradient becomes exponentially small or large in the time horizon, even when the training objective is still constant.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3860", "sentence1": "The EASE-DMF program takes a stone soup approach to funding in that each participant gains capabilities by providing a combination of funding and their own software capabilities to the soup.", "sentence2": "we would like to thank the Army Modeling and Simulation Office, the Army Research Lab Simulation and Training Technology Center, and the US Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Systems Engineering Research for their support of this program.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1580", "sentence1": "Incorrect signatures make DNSSEC resolvers fail during the verification process. ", "sentence2": "an attacker on the path upstream from a validating resolver can cause signature validations to fail by modifying traversing DNS packets.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_570", "sentence1": "When keeping more keypoints, poor local maxima starts to get selected for these models (e.g in the sky or the river in Figure 4) and the matching performance drops.", "sentence2": "having numerous keypoints is important for many applications such as visual localization because it augments the chance that at least a few of them will be correctly matched despite occlusions or other noise sources.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_909", "sentence1": "Through the website, users can define emergent monitoring tasks and preview the video results immediately.", "sentence2": "the website consists of three units: setting, execution, and display.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3031", "sentence1": "By contrast, Table 3 shows that traffic from the manual exchanges is predominantly directed at sites that advertise affiliate programs, other manual traffic exchanges, or pages advertising goods sold by the participants themselves.", "sentence2": "pages visited in the manual exchanges appear directed at luring humans (the exchange participants) to upgrade, join other exchanges or affiliate programs, or purchase products that do not have mainstream appeal.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_844", "sentence1": "However, the analytical model hardly considers any hidden node problem which is affected by geographical distribution of sender and receiver nodes [9].", "sentence2": "it is hard to use this model to analyze the performance of SBSs with WiFi RAT.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3304", "sentence1": "All instances of Line 0 run in parallel on three cores.", "sentence2": "core 1 happens to take longer initializing its private memory, delaying execution not only in Core 1 but also in Core 2.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2536", "sentence1": "Because ADB is originally for debugging purposes, the Android system assigns higher privileges to ADB than to third-party Android applications.", "sentence2": "we could present powerful attacks of various kinds by leveraging ADB and its utility functions only with the INTERNET permission.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_693", "sentence1": "To address this apparent dichotomy between performance and interpretability [6], researchers have developed a number of attribution methods that provide estimates of the importance of input features towards a model's output for specific types of models [4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and for any machine-learning model [6,16].", "sentence2": "providing fast and accurate feature importance estimates for any machine-learning model is challenging because there exists a wide variety of intricate machine-learning models with different underlying model structures, algorithms, and decision functions, which makes it difficult to develop an optimised and unified approach to importance attribution.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2183", "sentence1": "Hence, we proposed to design accelerators that instanti\u00adate the APIs of these commonly used libraries in hard\u00adware.", "sentence2": "a hardware-software co-design ap\u00adproach is used to target memory-bounded operations within commonly used high performance libraries (e.g., BLAS and FFTW) for portable energy efficiency.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1653", "sentence1": "In Juels protocols of [6], a pair of tags generates its replies until the timeout in order to limit the time for the yoking proof generation process.", "sentence2": "the timeout occurs in each tag, independently.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2801", "sentence1": "To estimate regression coefficients in this model, we use a variant of Lasso called L1-regularized logistic regression [23], whose effectiveness has been established in several empirical studies across multiple domains (e.g., [5, 28]).", "sentence2": "they also show that favoring high preci\u00adsion algorithms can yield better recall at high confidence, and that scaling output numbers may require to accept lower sta\u00adtistical guarantees to find sufficient hypotheses.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3350", "sentence1": "The very small difference in the control groups is surprising to us because we have assumed that the quantity of correct retrieved elements is significantly lower in the larger system compared to the quantity of correctly retrieved elements in the rather small system.", "sentence2": "the participants of the control groups from the both experiments performed rather poorly.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2989", "sentence1": "When it's an honest party's turn to make a claim, it makes the claim if it possesses all the witnesses necessary for making the claim.", "sentence2": "an honest party may go ahead and claim a deposit even if (1) some deposits were not made, and (2) some claims were not made.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3713", "sentence1": "First, we propose that triggers and actions are the only non\u00adderivative concern roles.", "sentence2": "the other roles, including initializers, data, and connectors, can be derived if the triggers and actions are known, yet triggers and actions cannot (in the general case) be derived from the other roles.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1041", "sentence1": "In the lemma below, we show a lower bound for winning the (c, k)-bipartite hitting game.", "sentence2": "we first calculate the player s losing probability.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1188", "sentence1": "It appears that most of absorptions occur in the front side of the receiver.", "sentence2": "our idea is to put a shell to trap the carriers which have passed beyond the receiver, but still between the shell and the receiver itself.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2204", "sentence1": "The objective is to optimize the PCM space utilization with a good balance in the system performance and the space utilization, where data deduplication is adopted to increase the de facto capacity of a storage device.", "sentence2": "a containerbased space manager is proposed to increase the efficiency of the PCM space utilization as more and more data are written.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_90", "sentence1": "The mean absolute difference between the Hellinger squared estimates is It is worth pointing out that although the above statistical properties of the Hellinger distance make it well-suited as a variational objective, it does pose computational issues during optimization.", "sentence2": "to avoid numerically unstable gradient estimation, one must transform Hellingerbased objectives such as Eq. (5).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3215", "sentence1": "ParTE [5] is a new refactoring tool built on top of Wrangler and RefactorErl.", "sentence2": "wrangler's API and DSL support for scripting is used in ParTE to build refactorings [6], whereas RefactorErl's program analysis support is used to find parallelisable code candidates.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3148", "sentence1": "This means, our fingerprints are being saved somewhere by the mobile phone operators.", "sentence2": "support for the Biometric Registration System A total of 36 people (20.9% of comments in the open-ended box) said that they supported the biometric registration program.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2819", "sentence1": "Sessions are in particular not related to any long term secret or identifier of the host that creates them.", "sentence2": "two sessions from the same host are unlinkable, i.e., they are cryptographically indistinguishable from sessions of two different hosts.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1796", "sentence1": "Several studies propose perform\u00ading data analysis while scientific applications producing data [22, 23, 85] or moving computation from compute node to storage servers [86].", "sentence2": "architectural Concerns in Large Datacenters Workshop held in conjunction with the 37th International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA), 2010", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3264", "sentence1": "Removing page cache from memory state is one compelling approach to reduce snapshot size effectively, and has been well studied [14, 17, 37, 43, 44].", "sentence2": "these works still suffer from several drawbacks.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2439", "sentence1": "Presumably, the client has placed that node in the same partition as the two nodes colored blue.", "sentence2": "the client queries all three nodes when it intends to query the node shaded black only.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1324", "sentence1": "Such a service is not valuable until it has many users to detect tags.", "sentence2": "since early adopters would only see little value until that critical mass is reached, they would be less likely to encourage others to adopt.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3220", "sentence1": "Actions have priority according to their order in the list.", "sentence2": "if a process is enabled to execute Action B1, it may not execute any other action; if a process is enabled to execute Action B2, it may not execute Actions B3 through B7, and so forth.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2651", "sentence1": "We also use Dijkstra from MiBench [8], and parallel versions of Breadth First Search (BFS), Prefix Scan, and Matrix Multiply.", "sentence2": "the SoftBound version has a much higher off-chip access rate be\u00adcause the shadow data structure for bounds metadata resides in the off-chip memory, and must be fetched each time a bound check is performed.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1877", "sentence1": "The only difference between load and xload is that xload can still load a variable into a cache line even though the cache line is already locked.", "sentence2": "no unlock instruction is needed.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_629", "sentence1": "Intuitively, if the model knows \"where\" in the 2-dim data space an example lives (as defined by SFs), it can condition on slice-specific features as it makes a final, slice-aware prediction.", "sentence2": "we consider two text-based relation extraction datasets: Chemical-Disease Relations (CDR), [41], in which we identify causal links between chemical and disease entities in a dataset of PubMed abstracts, and Spouses [9], in which we identify mentions of spousal relationships using preprocessed pairs of person mentions from news articles (via Spacy [17]).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1879", "sentence1": "Study three will use a design science perspective to retrospectively evaluate current crowdsourcing platform designs to assess the viability of these platforms to support the interests of both services buyers and sellers examined in Studies 1 and 2.", "sentence2": "study 3 will address the following questions: How effective are existing technology crowdsourcing platforms at delivering value to the technology workers and the technology buyers who use them?", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1080", "sentence1": "A total of 37,294 ASes with the most demand were analyzed.", "sentence2": "the cached resolution is only valid for the IP block for which it was provided and not for any client IPs that do not belong to the block.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1187", "sentence1": "For an aperture of 90\u00b0, the performance begins to depend on the radius of the shell, even if still not providing any gain.", "sentence2": "for small values of the shell radius, the effect influences the absorption process, and improves with R.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_602", "sentence1": "In order to ensure the training and test data have different category distributions, we intentionally assign different weights to the two components.", "sentence2": "during training, the examples are drawn from N 1 with probability p, and during test, the examples are drawn from N 1 with probability 1 \u00e2\u02c6\u2019 p. We examine the effectiveness of our self-critical approach varying p from 0.05 to 0.5 (i.e. 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5) (0.5 means no train/test difference).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3829", "sentence1": "In order to overcome the technological barrier, we have proposed an interaction mechanism based on physical objects (combining mobile devices and NFC Technology) and sensors (Bluetooth LE technology) to adapt the task (depending on the user's location) and provide non-intrusive interaction.", "sentence2": "the task adapts to user depending on the room.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_946", "sentence1": "On the other hand, this prioritized contention causes an extra difficulty in avoiding collisions.", "sentence2": "when different users have similar alignment metrics, they will end up in collision since they have similar contention time.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1074", "sentence1": "Note that when channel condition is good, our proposed scheme shows similar performance with the legacy one.", "sentence2": "as the channel condition deteriorates and increases transmission failures, the proposed scheme divides large packets into smaller ones and thereby increases the number of successful transmission.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3225", "sentence1": "We face a trade off in choosing Tthreshold: with a smaller value of Tthreshold, the software approach can infer in a more timely manner if a device has pending tasks and can capture shorter periods in which a device has no pending task.", "sentence2": "a smaller Tthreshold leads to more aggressive PM; however, to avoid false report of no pending task, Tthreshold needs to be greater than the largest possible interval between register accesses when a device has pending tasks.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1756", "sentence1": "Generally, Adapt should have no worse slowdown than Fix4.8, which is the fastest fixed configuration.", "sentence2": "in a few cases, Adapt is slightly worse.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3861", "sentence1": "Because of the path explosion problem, full path-sensitive detection may cost greatly in analysis.", "sentence2": "partial path-sensitive detection are often applied in practical.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_985", "sentence1": "Unfortunately, this technique alone would provide little benefit to WATCH due to the strong interfer\u00adence from TV transmitters.", "sentence2": "we design CAT, a Constructive Addition Transmission scheme that maxi\u00admizes secondary signal SINR at SU-RX after accounting for the channels from the TV transmitter to SU-RX.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3945", "sentence1": "One important aspect of a modern language runtime is warmup performance.", "sentence2": "how the performance of the language runtime evolves after initialization and during justin-time compilation.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3800", "sentence1": "In this case, TryBlocks can be retried locally and failures are detected and corrected lo\u00adcally without any group-wise synchronization.", "sentence2": "a majority of data parallel applications need synchronization of some sort and any fault-tolerant API needs certain levels of synchronization.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2155", "sentence1": "We use another metric from Weinberg for computing spatial locality based on the average length of non-zero strides across an application within a lookback window W=32 that captures address strides. ", "sentence2": "within the previous W addresses, find the one with the minimum absolute distance to the current one and call it the stride length.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1372", "sentence1": "To map Web pages to inputs for a clustering algorithm, we follow a conventional \u201cbag-of-words\u201d approach which extracts HTML features from the Web pages. ", "sentence2": "we compose a dictionary of all terms that appear in the HTML source code, and for each Web page, we count the number of times that each term appears. ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1648", "sentence1": "Write atomicity: For write atomicity, DeNovoSync0 sim\u00adply uses a single-reader protocol for synchronization (at the word granularity, which is the coherence granularity for De-Novo).", "sentence2": "a synchronization read is always required to register itself at the LLC and only one read can be registered at a time.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2250", "sentence1": "Our approach to this problem is a straightforward search within the operating-point space.", "sentence2": "we will try different operating points and, for each, evaluate the accuracy and energy of the corresponding circuit.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2284", "sentence1": "Unauthorized or malicious access to these assets can result in leakage of company trade secrets for device manufacturers or content providers, identity theft for end users, and even destruction of human life.", "sentence2": "it is vital to ensure that secure assets in computing devices are adequately protected.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3693", "sentence1": "As well, it is possible that one fault causes more than one type of exception to be thrown.", "sentence2": "figure 3 shows the EPC for each application.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2962", "sentence1": "Instead of a secret key, the attacker can directly use the implementation itself as a larger effective key.", "sentence2": "he can isolate the program code where the key is embedded in order to copy the functionality of encryption/decryption routines and to utilize it in a stand-alone manner.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1726", "sentence1": "The FA-Ag procedure results in adding more false alarms per iteration.", "sentence2": "the number of iterations may be smaller because more minimization is possible due to a higher number of expanded cubes per iteration.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1798", "sentence1": "The cost benefit of InSURE increases when local data gen\u00aderation rate increases.", "sentence2": "such green energy powered standalone systems are also economical.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1110", "sentence1": "Through experiments over a vast corpus of mobile applications (over 700 K), we have demonstrated the comprehensiveness and applicability of our approach across all three platforms.", "sentence2": "the coverage is significantly higher than the other state-of-the-art methodologies from literature.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1643", "sentence1": "The focus of this work is to provide insight and guidance to system designers and operators on characteristics of a reliable system.", "sentence2": "our focus is on analyzing the efficacy of existing hardware resilience techniques, their impact on reliable system design, and whether they will be adequate for future systems.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1449", "sentence1": "We are currently designing an experiment aimed at overcoming the threats to conclusion validity.", "sentence2": "it is based on a model capable of simulating parallel communication attempts, and that implements the timeout mechanism so that the effects of the transmission delay can be taken into account.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3367", "sentence1": "When a Design Pattern is detected, it is possible to identify a well defined set of software requirements it satisfies: being able to determine the Cloud Pattern that fulfills the same (or similar) requirement can lead to an automatic porting of the examined software system to a Cloud platform.", "sentence2": "using patterns characteristic expressed through a semantic based formalism, we propose a tentative procedure to assess the equivalence between Design and Cloud patterns, aiming at providing a set of possible mappings between the components belonging to different patterns.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3458", "sentence1": "Engineers and designers prefer free-hand drawing and writing in early design and modeling phases [5, 7].", "sentence2": "the AugIR enforces informal and incomplete sketches and avoids strict modeling languages.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2680", "sentence1": "Such a ges\u00adture is both difficult to recognize and perform.", "sentence2": "performing the gesture would require the user to move her po\u00adsition or even climb on to a table, which is obviously neither feasible to assume nor desirable.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2860", "sentence1": "We consider an exception han\u00addler s address activated when the function where the exception han\u00addler resides gets executed for the first time.", "sentence2": "same as how pCFI instruments and patches C++ constructors, pCFI also instru\u00adments those functions that have exception handlers when loading the code into memory and patches the code back to its original bytes when such functions are executed for the first time.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_727", "sentence1": "Regular scattering transforms have been proven invariant to translations and stable to perturbations (or deformations) that are close to translations.", "sentence2": "the difference on the scattering transform of the original data and that of the perturbed data, is proportional to the size of the perturbation.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1092", "sentence1": "The first possibility is to leverage existing wireless access points (APs) that are nowadays installed in almost every home, office, or caf\u00b4e.", "sentence2": "this means sharing the physical capacity of the 802.11 radio channel(s) and the available bandwidth of the Internet connection between a private and a public Wi-Fi network.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1975", "sentence1": "Meanwhile, the generation of magnetic field will cause additional energy consumption.", "sentence2": "the area changes from 2.66mmto 5.03mm, by changing the optimization target from area to shift latency.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2959", "sentence1": "Semantically secure encryption [12] guarantees that every encryption of the same message is very likely to map to a different ciphertext. ", "sentence2": "given two ciphertexts the adversary cannot distinguish whether they correspond to two encryptions of the same message or encryptions of two different messages.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1970", "sentence1": "Furthermore, traditional NoC router uses virtual channel allocator, switch allocator, arbiter and a crossbar to calculate and allocate flits to the relevant output.", "sentence2": "in our design, we just use direction channel allocator and three separated arbiter to realize same function.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_259", "sentence1": "Instead, our approach is to leverage our variational reformulation in Lemma 1 and replace the class of functions F with a rich (non-subspace) set in this new formulation, which is distinct from GMM and avoids these issues.", "sentence2": "as long as F has bounded complexity, even if its ambient dimension may be infinite, we can guarantee the consistency of our approach.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3610", "sentence1": "The key for correctness is to ensure that RLU protected sections always execute on a consistent memory view (snapshot).", "sentence2": "an RLU protected section must be resistant to possible concurrent overwrites of objects that it currently reads.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1120", "sentence1": "The average keystroke recognition ac\u00adcuracy rate for user 10 in previous experiment, which used 30 samples for training classifiers was just 80%.", "sentence2": "we can conclude that increasing the number of training samples increases the accuracy of WiKey.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2576", "sentence1": "Decoys must also lack any shared attributes that an attacker could test for to discern true documents from fake ones.", "sentence2": "there should be a high degree of variability between decoy documents.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_310", "sentence1": "We remark that this setup is different from what we consider in this paper, as we do not assume access to any labeled information when learning a representation.", "sentence2": "we do not assume to know what the downstream task will be and what are the sensible variables (if any).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_313", "sentence1": "Although the distinction is not fully unambiguous, there exist two prototypical families of algorithms: those that learn without an explicit model of the environment (model free), and those that first learn a model and then use it to plan a solution (model based).", "sentence2": "this has implications for Dyna-style learning, as well as for replay methods [cf.. van Hasselt et al., 2018].", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3561", "sentence1": "Conversely, control safety analysis [20] typically consid\u00ad ers data trustworthiness in the normal operation mode, but often ignores trustworthiness in the failure modes that are provided by FMEA.", "sentence2": "both of these forms of analysis make assumptions that may be inconsistent with, or ignore modes determined by, the other.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_797", "sentence1": "In this paper, we address the problem of learning low-dimensional robot state while simultaneously optimizing robot control and/or material parameters.", "sentence2": "we require a representation applicable to physical control of real-world robots.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2965", "sentence1": "It seems unlikely that adversaries in practice will know all doc\u00aduments.", "sentence2": "assuming knowledge of no documents is a step too far: the adversary may incidentally know that a user has one or more widely-circulated emails in her repository, for ex\u00adample.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1142", "sentence1": "Our evaluations show that the localization accuracy can be substantially improved.", "sentence2": "splicer improves the CUPID localization accuracy by 71%, with median localization errors about 0.95m.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2499", "sentence1": "Public key based protocols [1, 2, 10] enables the verifier to verify arbitrary anonymous groups without overwhelming computational cost.", "sentence2": "low-cost pas\u00adsive tags usually cannot afford these protocols due to the extensive computation requirements and therefore, we do not consider this type of solutions as it is rather expensive and impractical.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1103", "sentence1": "Unfortunately, in practice, one has to use a voltage source instead.", "sentence2": "we need a second equation that determines the relationship between the voltage one applies to the transmitter, VT and the resulting transmitter current, IT .", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2146", "sentence1": "We decided on using 16-byte cache lines after experimenting with different cache line sizes \u2014 see Section 4.5. ", "sentence2": "based on our experiments, the monitoring phase accounts for less than 1% of this overhead.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2480", "sentence1": "Note that because there is no app review process for enpublic apps, the app can use any dynamic loading techniques (e.g., NS-Bundle and dlopen()) to load the private frameworks at runtime.", "sentence2": "in addition to checking the static links of frameworks, iAnalytics also analyzes the dynamic loading behaviors at runtime.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3784", "sentence1": "Likewise, modern build systems only recompile compilation units whose source code has changed. ", "sentence2": "during active development using Puffin, only the files that are modified must be recompiled.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_257", "sentence1": "In particular this means that if we parametrize f and g via neural networks where we can permute the parameter vector \u00e2\u0153\u201c and obtain an identical function, our result still holds.", "sentence2": "as long as F has bounded complexity, even if its ambient dimension may be infinite, we can guarantee the consistency of our approach.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3948", "sentence1": "GRANDET always incurs less than 0.2ms latency, smaller than the standard deviation of latency for each case.", "sentence2": "we modeled the usage data of Cumulus-Clips according to YouTube [51], where a billion users upload 300 hours of video per minute [40] and an average video has four minutes [14, 42].", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2098", "sentence1": "A huge number of VR researchers, programmers, and engineers have been trying to tackle this issue from many aspects.", "sentence2": "reproducing the human visual sense in a remote place has been gathering attention recently, backed by many releases of sophisticated devices, omnidirectional cameras, and head mount displays (HMDs).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3665", "sentence1": " We have identified the following main reasons.", "sentence2": "the time period of the test set is often short, e.g., a few days or months.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1549", "sentence1": " Despite the impact of the traffic arrival distributions on the goodput performance, there is no impact on the goodput-efficient routing strategy.", "sentence2": "multi-hop routing under moderate traffic loads and direct transmission under light and heavy traffic loads is the optimum choice for enhancing goodput performance in multi-hop wireless networks, independent from the traffic arrival distribution, generalizing the results in [5, 23] for the considered traffic arrival distributions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1561", "sentence1": "Like, if we have setup CSr in one of the bedrooms, then it may be possible that mediators of drawing room cannot pass data to CSr directly.", "sentence2": "a data aggregation algorithm is required to aggregate all data in the network at CSr.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1820", "sentence1": "Unsurprisingly, ShiDianNao significantly outperforms the general purpose architectures and is, on average, 46.38 \u00c3\u2014 faster than the CPU and 28.94\u00c3\u2014 faster than the GPU.", "sentence2": "the GPU cannot take full advantage of its high computational power because the small computational kernels of the visual recognition tasks listed in Table 1 map poorly on its 2,496 hardware threads.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2866", "sentence1": "The second line of research generalizes the definition of differential privacy for statistical databases.", "sentence2": "chatzikokolakis et al. [13] broadened the definition of differential privacy by parameterizing the definition with a distance metric d, and requiring that the degree of indistinguishability of two databases be a function of their distance.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3880", "sentence1": "Second, lists are more widely used than other collections such as maps or sets (Gson: 60%, K-9 Mail: 57%, Apache Com\u00admons Math: 56%, XStream: 50%, Apache Commons Con\u00ad.guration: 53%, Stock Exchange Trading Simulator: 57%).", "sentence2": "the energy contribution from lists is probably higher than that from other collections.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1161", "sentence1": "We set the alpha threshold to 0.05 (i.e., the model should describe 95% of the data), and we find that indeed the p-value is always lower than alpha, validating that multi\u00adple linear regression can properly .t our data, and therefore our multiple linear regression results can be trusted.", "sentence2": "we do that so to determine if 802.11ac is a standard that could possibly support low latency show con\u00adtrol systems in the future (Fig.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1914", "sentence1": "In summary, an SCC being combinational is equivalent to every loop in the SCC being dominated by one controlling side-input.", "sentence2": "if there exists one loop whose sideinputs are all non-controlling values for an input assignment, the SCC is non-combinational.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2109", "sentence1": "Although cover traffic hides the exact number of dead drops accessed once or twice, an adversary can still tell roughly how many people are talking, by looking at the number of dead drops accessed twice and subtracting the average amount of noise.", "sentence2": "in the above configuration, clients use an average of 12 KB/sec (adding up to 30 GB over a month of continuous use, which may be high for a mobile phone with metered data service).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2280", "sentence1": "Each sub-placement would use at most two threads, for example, when generating (or solving) linear systems (3) and (4) simultaneously.", "sentence2": "pOLAR 3.0 launches at most 30 threads.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2355", "sentence1": "Dynamically updating the key would make the attack be harder since attackers must focus on each chip to launch an attack due to the uniqueness of PUF key for each chip, and even though the attackers can get the key luckily, but the key may be updated at regular intervals.", "sentence2": "a successful attack on a chip cannot be easily applied to another one due to the dynamic key.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3889", "sentence1": "When there is a need to update the local data through multiple asynchronous requests and it is required that all them succeed, an error on a single call can lead to having incorrect information shown to the user.", "sentence2": "developers need to explicitly implement proper recovery mechanisms, a task that most of times is complex and highly error prone, leading to tangled code and harder maintenance, especially in an asynchronous environment.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1261", "sentence1": "Like in the TCP/UDP case, the continuous space representation captures the aggregate flow behavior neglecting microscopic packet-level dynamics.", "sentence2": "the smaller the packet size and the larger the number of multiplexed flows/packets, the more accurate is the fluid approximation of system dynamics.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3443", "sentence1": "The main advantages of the method are that the dataset is easy to understand and process and the risk of losing information is limited for simple sensors.", "sentence2": "the story is different for more complex sensing technologies such as ultrasound and laser range scanner.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3653", "sentence1": "Phase 1: Identifying the suspiciousness score for each failing test's opinion on the potential fault indicator.", "sentence2": "newtestset contains a subset of Ts such that each of them has executed rfi or has not executed any real fault indicators yet its opinion on the potential fault indicator includes a child of rfi.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_400", "sentence1": "We derive the optimality conditions for how backpropagation should be performed for the coupled ODE formulation using by imposing the standard Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions.", "sentence2": "we implement the corresponding Discretize-Then-Optimize (DTO) approach, along with a checkpointing scheme presented in [9].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_6", "sentence1": "Such weight-tying is generally considered to come with four major benefits: 1) it acts as a form of regularization that stabilizes training and supports generalization; 2) it significantly reduces the model size; 3) it is trivial to show that any deep network can be represented by a weight-tied deep network of equal depth and only a linear increase in width (see Appendix C); and 4) the network can be unrolled to any depth, typically with improved feature abstractions as depth increases [8,18].", "sentence2": "in practice almost all such models (and deep nets in general) are stacked, trained and evaluated by unrolling a pre-determined, fixed number of layers.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_423", "sentence1": "Since there are L different vectors in the mixture, with O(L log L) measurements with a row we will be able to see the samples corresponding to each of the L vectors with that row.", "sentence2": "even if this is true for measurements with each rows, we will still not be able to align measurements across the rows.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_244", "sentence1": "The projection (2) is iteratively solved in IHT (step 5 in Algorithm 1).", "sentence2": "for the algorithm to be practical, it is important to study the tractability of the projection step.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1912", "sentence1": "Note that OCL formally considers the right-hand-side of an equation as the argumentof the = -operation called on the left-hand-side.", "sentence2": "the model element songs would be classified variable if both sides of the equation were swapped.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3082", "sentence1": "Note that normal signatures and Merkle tree cannot guarantee functional equivalence as forgeries ex\u00adist information-theoretically.", "sentence2": "more importantly, we show how to use our (fully suc\u00adcinct) CiO-PRAM to construct the .rst fully succinct ran\u00addomized encoding (RE) for PRAM computation.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_63", "sentence1": "Additionally, we also examine another quantity as an alternative to distance from initialization: the 2 diameter of the parameter space explored by SGD.", "sentence2": "for a fixed initialization and data distribution, we consider the set of all parameters learned by SGD across all draws of a dataset of size m; we then consider the diameter of the smallest ball enclosing this set.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2262", "sentence1": "Redirection and masquerade prevention: If A sends a message m to B, then the message must be delivered to B.", "sentence2": "it should be impossible for a (potentially rogue) IP C to masquerade as B, or for the message to be redirected to a different IP D in addition to, or instead of B.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3217", "sentence1": "We found that for all assignments in each program the types we observed formed a subset of the in\u00adferred type sets.", "sentence2": "the type analysis was able to infer all types observed at run-time, providing an empirical approxima\u00adtion to soundness.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1299", "sentence1": "The digital bit stream must be transmitted without error to guarantee basic visual quality and identical side infor\u00admation at the transmitter and receiver.", "sentence2": "strong protection should be provided to digital transmission.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_561", "sentence1": "Indexing starts at 1, with A i,: and A :,i indicating the i-th row and i-th column of A respectively.", "sentence2": "now the entries of vector w + are in between 0 and 1.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_139", "sentence1": "Since our low-level policy training is related to goal-conditioned HRL, we can benefit from algorithmic advances in multi-goal reinforcement learning [29,55,4,50].", "sentence2": "we extend the recently popularized goal relabeling strategy [29,4] to instructions, allowing us to relabel based on achieving a language statement that describes a region of state space, rather than relabeling based on reaching an individual state.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2440", "sentence1": "Our particular intent with the empirical evaluation is to validate the as\u00adsertions on sufficiency in Theorems 4 5, 7 and 8.", "sentence2": "we sim\u00adulate the DAS protocol, measure the communication-cost it incurs in various settings, and observe that it is indeed upper-bounded as the analytical assertions tell us.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1354", "sentence1": "For example, stop growing the tree earlier after it exceeds a threshold of depth.", "sentence2": "it is still quite tricky to determine such a threshold.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2441", "sentence1": "Clustering is executed on the set of flows that will be used to build the training dataset.", "sentence2": "after performing the clustering the training dataset will be composed as follow.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_876", "sentence1": "In the pa\u00adper, we provide a detailed evaluation of HyV for different RDMA technologies and operations.", "sentence2": "the critical aspect of RNIC s is that the control paths are used to directly map device provided, connection\u00adspecific, structures into an applications address space.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2933", "sentence1": "Due to the existence of noise, no attacker whether using software or hardware to counter the physical challenges issued by PyCRA can instantaneously detect the change in the physical challenge.", "sentence2": "there always exists a non-zero probability of the attacker missing the changes in the physical challenge.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3276", "sentence1": "In the case example, the browser session parameters have been abstracted to qualitative levels in or\u00adder to enable less experienced customers to select a variant.", "sentence2": "there is also the possibility to set custom session protection by setting individual session parameters under CustomBrowserSessionValidation.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3119", "sentence1": "To achieve this, we need to make some minimal assumptions about hardware security features of the underlying devices.", "sentence2": "the integrity measurement mechanism (attestation code) residing on Di must be immune to software attacks.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1977", "sentence1": "The non-intrusive sensors consist of dummy analog stages and single components extracted directly from the topology of the LNA.", "sentence2": "we consider a dummy bias stage identical to the bias stage of the LNA formed by transistor M3 and resistor R1, a dummy gain stage identical to the gain stage of the LNA formed by transistors M1 and M2, a dummy diode-connected transistor identical to the transistor M1, and a dummy capacitor identical to the capacitor Cin.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_902", "sentence1": "In each subfigure, x-axis and y-axis vary the desirable data demand u and value v of the user types.", "sentence2": "each point in the subfigures represents a unique user type.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3959", "sentence1": "Building on existing work by speculative designers and artists, this project opens opportunities for further research in HCI.", "sentence2": "further research is needed to understand the role of interactive objects in helping the audience understand complex issues and create alternative narratives about the future.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_57", "sentence1": "Let f be a lower semi-continuous convex function such that f(1) = 0, and let P and Q be two distributions over a probability space (\u2126, \u03a3) such that P is absolutely continuous with respect to Q.", "sentence2": "we can show that for any H and for any \u00ce\u201c, (H, \u00ce\u201c)-capacity bounded differential privacy is preserved after post-processing if certain conditions about the function classes hold: Theorem 1.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3139", "sentence1": "Instructing them to focus on the toolbars in the browser did not make much difference since participants reported assessing the legitimacy of the website by how it looked and felt.", "sentence2": "the locus of attention and strongest cue was the page itself, not the chrome surround\u00ading it.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1611", "sentence1": "Since it is a general consensus that cleaning cost of GC algorithms may be reduced when data can be differenti\u00adated [11, 14] and a workload includes n + 1 types of data pages, it is of interest to study the performance of GC that exploits data locality using data grouping, which differenti\u00adates different types of data pages and stores them separately in different regions in an SSD.", "sentence2": "we analyze how data grouping influences the performance of GC in SSD, and how much is the influence for workloads with different degrees of locality?", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2510", "sentence1": "In this work, we simply choose to design a simple model based on system call instrumentation only to illustrate that idling processes can be easily constrained.", "sentence2": "we intercept all system calls of the target idling process, and build its \u201cidling behavior\u201d profile, which comprises of the variety of system calls as well as their calling context (CC) [36].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2454", "sentence1": "In this chapter, existing researches in which characteristics of personal actions are used for personal identification are introduced.", "sentence2": "m is narrowed, if characters for a password consist of the past candidate characters.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1283", "sentence1": "The simulated results comprise the energy needed by the radio transceiver and the microcontroller of each node in the network.", "sentence2": "simulation was carried out (i) without timing annotation, i.e., ignoring execution times of firmware, (ii) including execution times of low-level drivers, and (iii) including all firmware runtimes.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2095", "sentence1": " In this section, we want to understand the relationship between single bit error (SBE) and GPU resource utilization.", "sentence2": "we investigate the correlation between GPU core hours, number of nodes and memory consumption with SBEs.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3062", "sentence1": "The results of this case study show that optimization and static obfuscating transformations (e.g., replacing with fun\u00addamental instructions, embedding a specialized interpreter, flattening control flow and encoding arithmetic/data) have little effect on artificiality.", "sentence2": "dynamic obfuscating transfor\u00admations (e.g., instruction camouflage and code encryption), or a technique that inserts junk code fragments into the program, tend to increase the artificiality, which may have a significant impact on the stealth of the code.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3453", "sentence1": "We describe both mechanisms with four groups of design axes related to four questions: When (temporal characteristics), What (content characteristics), How (medium characteristics) and Where (spatial characteristics).", "sentence2": "the What group of feedforward contains a subgroup highlighting the potential impact of the feedback mechanism onto the content of the feedforward mechanism.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1025", "sentence1": "The rest of the paper is organized as follows.", "sentence2": "the system through\u00adput and the number of selected RDs grow with the increase of p0.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2489", "sentence1": "It costs about 3.9 seconds in total for this app to complete.", "sentence2": "the average time for each policy retrieval is about 0.39 millisecond.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1440", "sentence1": "An AS that supports MIRO [24] offers alternate paths for payment (the rightmost one).", "sentence2": "the transit AS cannot discover the MIRO-enabled AS because BGP does not allow discovery of ASes custom services or the extra coordination required to use them.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2798", "sentence1": "In the third part, we record the inertial sensor data about the MFF-based attacks performed by participants.", "sentence2": "the participants are asked to perform the random-move attacks first and then the imitation-move attacks.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3618", "sentence1": "It does not require tasks to specify their pending work to Duet a-priori.", "sentence2": "a task can change the work it performs while it is running, without informing Duet.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_594", "sentence1": "This is realized by a variable splittingbased algorithm called iSplitLBI.", "sentence2": "our algorithm generates a sequence of estimations with a regularization path, where both the hyperparameters and model parameters are updated.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1316", "sentence1": "We study the statistical error distribution of the ToF and characterize how it affects the ranging accuracy and precision.", "sentence2": "we aim to answer the following key questions related to timing information extracted for 802.11 ranging: How deterministic and predictable are the time offsets for ranging measurements using regular IEEE 802.11 chipsets?", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3989", "sentence1": "[23] compiles a functional language (Scheme) into a dataflow representation to produce custom hardware.", "sentence2": "they only implement strict functions and do not exploit the pipelined parallelism we can.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3803", "sentence1": "Each of the files is setup to 1 GB.", "sentence2": "we use a single 10 GB file on RAMdisk in order to saturate the high bandwidth on the memory device.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2369", "sentence1": "The reason is that industry is urgently exploring beyond-silicon and beyond-CMOS device, interconnect and memory options, as well as heterogeneous, More-than-Moore integration and packaging technologies, in order to maintain Moore s-Law scaling of integration value.", "sentence2": "silicon photonics stands out as the most promising technology to overcome the limitations of electronic interconnects as the system scale increases.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_947", "sentence1": "After user selection, the AP needs to know the exact CSI to perform precoding before beamforming to users.", "sentence2": "rBF only precodes with the randomly selected directions without CSI feedback, which causes much capacity loss.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3796", "sentence1": "We assume that the ownship has the capability to perfectly estimate the geometrical configuration of the encounter, i.e., the relative position of the intruder, as well as the speed and direction of both aircraft; in practice such information is provided by different sensors as well as communication data exchanged be\u00adtween aircraft.", "sentence2": "we discard all sources of noise and uncertainty related to the state estimation.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_456", "sentence1": "The tabular setting enables us to test many components of the algorithm and compare the emerging representations to their biological counterparts.", "sentence2": "it is important to validate that these can be scaled up and used with function approximators, allowing the use of continuous state and action spaces and more complex tasks.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3856", "sentence1": "Patients can self-manage their drug use behavior by participating in self-help support groups [15, 18], such as Narcotics Anonymous (NA) [7], or through contact with experts and individuals with similar experience, such as the online forums on Reddit [9].", "sentence2": "many patients might still suffer from mild withdrawal symptoms in the early phase of this treatment stage and probably experience periods of relapse.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_69", "sentence1": "Inspired by our linear model in Section 3.1, we conjecture that the weights w learned on a dataset S can be expressed as w 1 +w 2 , where w T 1 \u00cf\u2020(x) dominates the output on most test inputs and induces a simple decision boundary.", "sentence2": "it may be possible to apply uniform convergence on the function w T 1 \u00cf\u2020(x) to obtain a small generalization bound.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2767", "sentence1": "In this case, return-oriented programming (ROP) which is done by combining a chain of code fragments can be considered to circumvent the prevention [6].", "sentence2": "we can obtain that information through dmesg command.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2139", "sentence1": "Rather than relying on conventional strategies, better-than worst\u00adcase design approaches, which relax timing and manage performance, will be required, spanning DRAM design, architecture (mem\u00adory controller) and even the system software.", "sentence2": "we advocate in this paper for a new soft yield strategy in which memory timing constraints are allowed to vary by location to rescue chips that would have failed under strict global timing constraints.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3748", "sentence1": "While GAs may provide acceptable performance, other al\u00adgorithms may be better at exploiting the particular structure of a testing problem: the focus on GAs may be limiting our creativity as researchers in finding much better .ts between the testing problem and the search algorithm.", "sentence2": "gAs can scale poorly to high-dimensional problems and scalability is sensitive to the representation of the problem (see, for example, [4]).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2137", "sentence1": "However, this approach is increasingly at odds with technology scaling and the effect of PV due to a wider range of latency behav\u00adior, particularly in a cell's access transistor and capacitor.", "sentence2": "the impact from PV grows stronger with decreasing transistor and capacitor size, required for increasing chip density, which may cause more yield loss due to operational timing violations.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2660", "sentence1": "We will also analyze security activity changes and frequency change between companies after domestic security accidents.", "sentence2": "security activity increased slightly in the industry of manufacturing and construction which have importance in industry of KOREA after domestic security accident but they had an insufficient support and investment of security activity.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3754", "sentence1": "Also, design-time analysis, as it is presented here, is an exploratory approach compared to run-time analysis.", "sentence2": "the questions that arise while conducting this method would not otherwise come to light if the focus had only been on the run-time analysis of the self-adaptive system.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1941", "sentence1": "This confidence level expresses how sure the players are about the real value of the varying parameter.", "sentence2": "the player's confidence determines the magnitude of the variation.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1211", "sentence1": "Figures 5-7 depict the BER performance of the DF scheme described above under Rician fading.", "sentence2": "each figure corresponds to a different Rician k-factor (0, 10 and 20 respectively).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2657", "sentence1": "Given the intrinsic nature of smartphones and tablet com\u00adputers as mobile devices, their use is almost always linked to the actions of human individuals.", "sentence2": "data stored on or transferred to or from such mobile devices automatically become personally identifiable information, meaning that a direct link can typically be drawn from the data to the in\u00addividual user of the mobile device.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_326", "sentence1": "CatBoost (25) uses a level-wise policy, similar to one used in XGBoost, but with one more restriction: CatBoost searches for just one single condition to split all leaves simultaneously.", "sentence2": "the result is, effectively, a decision table.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3293", "sentence1": "Our observation is that, in general, it is difficult to predict the impact of corunning applications until run-time, as the co-runner applications in the workload may not be known ahead of time.", "sentence2": "compiler-based tile size selection approach could not have accurate prediction on the runtime application behavior.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2021", "sentence1": "For an accurate model, we scaled the resistance, capacitance and delay parameters specified from 40nm to 22nm.", "sentence2": "resistance and capacitance values for routing channels and devices were scaled, as well as delays for flip-flops, routing buffers and wire line delays.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1362", "sentence1": "It turns out that the devices maintain the channel-estimation statistics, as the estimated capacity resumes from the previous value before stopping the probing process.", "sentence2": "the variation of \u00b5 is governed by the electrical load.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1349", "sentence1": "The significant increase in the number of drivers can be put to use to help address these challenges, through continuous monitoring and reporting of events by the drivers and their vehicles.", "sentence2": "to enlist the help of the public and their vehicles the system must be inexpensive to attract participants.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3123", "sentence1": "As we can see, it is relatively easy to detect the user gender from user photos.", "sentence2": "the gender detection algorithm correctly identi.ed all photos of female users and misclassified only one male.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1494", "sentence1": "In contrast, Ravel makes the database an active par\u00adticipant that uses views to incorporate multiple high-level and low\u00adlevel abstractions of the network which are orchestrated online.", "sentence2": "we believe this is likely to be valuable both tech\u00adnically and as a way to encourage more rapid uptake of SDN.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2565", "sentence1": "By reading the input validator code, the players can easily infer the input validator type (e.g., credit card number, email address, phone number, SSN, URL, and zip code) even if the type is not explicitly stated in the playervisible code segment.", "sentence2": "the players may not immediately realize the exact expected behaviors of the given input validator for that type.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_636", "sentence1": "Moreover, this region is efficiently identifiable by a simple thresholding rule.", "sentence2": "we show that there exists a threshold T > 0 (which can be found algorithmically) such that the hypothesis sign(hwb , xi) has error bounded by \u03b7 + \u000f in the region RT = {x : |hwb , xi| \u2265 T}.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1448", "sentence1": "In this work, we focus on the exploration of users habits when browsing the Web.", "sentence2": "we take the point of view of the network, from where DNS re\u00adquests of users are observable, and from which we can extract the names of the services they are accessing.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1412", "sentence1": "From these results we are comfortable making the claim that pacing flows does yield the effects that our daemon looks for when selecting candidates for pacing. ", "sentence2": "our daemon would not select this same flow for pacing again, given the fact that the retransmissions have fallen to 0.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1476", "sentence1": "in Section 2, a routing protocol method used to facilitate communications between nodes in an ad-hoc network is discussed.", "sentence2": "a routing protocol used in an ad-hoc network should respond to frequent changes in states owing to node mobility and lost nodes, as well as being simple to operate and having high reliability.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1911", "sentence1": "Current design methods for accelerator synthesis, such as High-Level Synthesis, are not fully automated.", "sentence2": "this paper investigates the use of this algorithmic skeleton methodology for FPGAs.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1435", "sentence1": "Many new designs for inter-domain routing aim at providing new features (i.e., flexible route selection [16, 36, 37] and verifiability [26, 39]).", "sentence2": " in inter-domain routing, introducing new features often comes at the cost of privacy, which is something that ISPs are not willing to sacrifice [17, 39].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1604", "sentence1": "Section 2 presents the gen\u00aderal architecture of the analyzer.", "sentence2": "the returned channel contains no more information than what is contained in the returned abstract value and the given channel.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3340", "sentence1": "In all cases, schedules with proposed rules perform better than the baseline.", "sentence2": "1024 byte value size, rule 1 performs 41%, rule 2 performs 1% and rule 1+2 performs 44% better.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3470", "sentence1": "But in practice, programmers will not write their creation code using object algebras unless they are expecting to have to extend their code.", "sentence2": "i do not believe that object algebras provide for unanticipated extension.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2051", "sentence1": "These sensors are chosen for data fusion as they have been widely used in previous activity recognition attempts.", "sentence2": "we are interested in using different classification algorithms to perform a detailed analysis of the raw data collected from eight physical activities including idle, sitting, standing, walking, running, cycling, walking upstairs and downstairs.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1227", "sentence1": "The authors do not show that the availability subproperty is met. ", "sentence2": "the authors did not evaluate the impact of address rotation on the network infrastructure near the hosts.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3527", "sentence1": "The reason why AppScale s performance is more stable over time is because it is deployed on a set of closely con\u00adtrolled and monitored cluster of virtual machines (VMs) that use a private Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud to im\u00adplement isolation.", "sentence2": "the VMs assigned to App-Scale do not share nodes with noisy neighbors in our test environment.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3072", "sentence1": "The garbled RAM construction and security proof above can be generalized to a setting in which the garbled RAM programs act on a persistent database.", "sentence2": "the updates that a garbled RAM program makes to a database D are accessible to the next garbled program to be executed on that database.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2930", "sentence1": "The target program contains a memory-corruption vulnerability that allows the adversary to launch a run-time exploit.", "sentence2": "we focus on vulnerabilities that allow the adversary to read (information disclosure) and write arbitrary memory.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2435", "sentence1": "We group the nodes that are closest (in terms of number of hops) to one another into an anonymity set.", "sentence2": "given an anonymity set S, we have an ordering of them d1, . . . , d|S| such that di and di+1 are one hop from one another", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_458", "sentence1": "In this paper, we show that such independence is in fact not needed for such results which continue to hold under fairly general dependence structures.", "sentence2": "we present uniform bounds on random quadratic forms of stochastic processes which are conditionally independent and sub-Gaussian given another (latent) process.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2667", "sentence1": "In the running example, a regular vehicle component may not want to share sensitive owner information with everyone the access should only be granted to police vehicles.", "sentence2": "alternatively, the parameter may be required to be constant, which means that the value must be set at the time of deployment (lines 1, 4) in this case, the certificate for the component states not only its role, but also permitted values of the parameter.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2643", "sentence1": "As illustrated in Fig. 4(c), more than 80% apps have less than 10 reviewers in a week and more than 90% apps have less than 50 reviewers.", "sentence2": "most promoted apps have few reviewers in weeks before promotion.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_386", "sentence1": "Although these methods are promising, Gonen and Goldberg [13] show that the gender bias encoded in word embeddings is mostly hidden from the defined metric of projecting onto the \"he-she\" vector direction.", "sentence2": "words still receive implicit gender from their associations (e.g. \"receptionist\" is no longer gendered with respect to \"he\", but is still gendered with respect to \"captain\"). ", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_220", "sentence1": "A recent line of work has shown that gradient descent and variations of it can actually converge to SOSPs .", "sentence2": "[LPP + 19] shows that gradient descent starting from a random point can eventually converge to SOSPs with probability one.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3806", "sentence1": "When the MACC compiler encounters this clause, it generates reduction code at the same time as child kernel generation.", "sentence2": "the reduced variables must be returned to the parent kernel, using global memory to achieve this communication.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2491", "sentence1": "And the cost of each simulation is in proportional to the size of circuits, i.e., the number of gates and interconnects [25].", "sentence2": "on a modern PC with an Intel 3.6GHz CPU, it takes nearly an hour on a circuit with about 25, 000 logic gates to perform 64, 000 Monte Carlo simulations [7].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3180", "sentence1": "Mix-based countermeasures for Tor can be considered satisfactory if they reduce the success of attacks on Tor, e.g., passive traffic analysis attacks like confirmation, and preserve acceptable performance rates at the same time.", "sentence2": "on average nearly half of Tor circuits are vulnerable to attacks that allow for the de-anonymization of users.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1381", "sentence1": "The percentage of the productivity category increases in upload volume.", "sentence2": "in WiFi networks at home, this category accounts for a high percentage of traffic volume due to online storage software that uploads/downloads large files only if a WiFi interface is available.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3632", "sentence1": "Existing qualifier inference tools operate in batch mode.", "sentence2": "they take the source code as input, analyze it, and insert all the qualifiers at once.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2504", "sentence1": "This number can be quickly reached if we consider extremely popular HTTP services (e.g., Google or Facebook).", "sentence2": "for completeness, we compared the average overhead introduced by Avant-Guard with the overhead introduced by LineSwitch, evaluating both a scenario without attack, and a scenario under SYN flooding based control plane saturation attack.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2873", "sentence1": "GUITAR must rebuild the recovered objects function dispatch tables to al\u00adlow the windowing system to invoke any inherited drawing functions.", "sentence2": "due to lack of type and symbol infor\u00ad 2This mapping is done using a newly started stub pro\u00adcess in the emulator, before any heap or data segments are allocated, to avoid con.icts with new live memory usage.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_963", "sentence1": "Only when the SNR approachs to marginal value, e.g 5dB, the false negtive rate increases a little to 20%.", "sentence2": "we conclude that the CCA for Pilotfish MAC is robust.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_891", "sentence1": "We placed 4 DEE R loggers, complete with modified collar, on free\u00adranging horses in a fenced area of maximum length 150 m. This allowed us to test the effect of the animal body on contact detec\u00adtion.", "sentence2": "since animals were free to range, we could test the effect of neither distance from ground nor relative horse body po\u00adsitions on contact detection.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2170", "sentence1": "In Section 4 we shall present WZeroRPC, which addresses this issue, and also explain its relationship to other WMS more generally.", "sentence2": "we shall first explain the context within which this work has been carried out, namely the SWITCH project.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_806", "sentence1": "each node esti\u00admates a neighbouring node trust value based on the quality of the link connecting to the neighbouring node.", "sentence2": "the trust value assigned to node Ni actually reflects the reliability of the link linking this node and node Ni.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3553", "sentence1": "While it would be possible to manually allocate intermediate value storage, the DSL abstraction allows STELLA to provide backend specific stencil buffer implementations.", "sentence2": "each backend optimizes storage layout, alignment, and memory footprint of the stencil buffers.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_730", "sentence1": "We begin by formulating an optimization problem whose solution is a form of optimal representation.", "sentence2": "we seek a state representation from which we can best approximate the value function of any stationary policy for a given Markov Decision Process.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2527", "sentence1": "The computation outsourcing techniques [36] enable mobile devices to outsource large computation tasks in decrypting complicated ciphertexts.", "sentence2": "these techniques require the mobile users to interact with a computing server for help to complete the computation tasks whenever the mobile users need to decrypt a ciphertext, which is inefficient due to the frequent interactions with the computing server. ", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1890", "sentence1": "While SCARE is mainly concerned with recovering individualvalues, e.g., S-box tables, of a (partially) known algorithm,SCANDAL attempts to extract code from side-channel information.", "sentence2": "by measuring and analyzing theside-channel leakage of a \u00c2\u00b5C, the goal is to extract the executed instructions.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_2367", "sentence1": "They show that symp\u00adtoms are more prevalent in failed devices.", "sentence2": "a large fraction of healthy devices have no symptoms, and even if the symptoms occur, they are very mild in intensity, e.g., 80% of healthy devices have fewer than 2 reallocated sectors.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1358", "sentence1": "It must be applied once the data has been collected, as long as this data contains information related to MPLS tunnels [7, 8].", "sentence2": "further, we are able to observe the evolution of each Autonomous System (AS) independently and understand whether it enables path diversity, how, and when it evolves (e.g., from almost no path diversity to a wide deployment of TE).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_510", "sentence1": "When comparing min(ESS)/s, SA outperforms AM by 31x on covertype and 11x on MiniBoonE and outperforms NUTS by 24x on covertype and 147x on MiniBoonE.", "sentence2": "sA samples effectively from this high-dimensional, challenging posterior distribution without requiring any tuning of the initialization distribution.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2656", "sentence1": "Secondly, our model can be further extended from the game-theoretical perspective and use additional uncertainty about the knowledge of the attacker, or model multiple types of the attacker using Bayesian variants of Stackelberg games.", "sentence2": "we assume that the attacker learns the number and type of deployed HPs; however he does not know which specific hosts are HPs and which are real.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1962", "sentence1": "When analyzing this pirate video sequence, each screen is successively tested as a potential pirate device.", "sentence2": "screen 1 and Screen 3 are expected to have an aliased temporal fre\u00adquency ft close to 10 Hz with the Panasonic camcorder.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_541", "sentence1": "In this paper, we focus on both the system efficiency and the fairness among drivers and quantitatively analyze the tradeoffs between these two objectives.", "sentence2": "we give an explicit answer to the question of whether there always exists an assignment that achieves any target efficiency and fairness.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_544", "sentence1": "To reflect real road conditions and traveling time, we construct a road network of Manhattan with 3,671 nodes and 7,674 edges.", "sentence2": "it is evident that our algorithm manages to redistribute the trip utility increments to the vehicles with low historical utilities, without sacrificing too much on the efficiency.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_290", "sentence1": "To relieve the problem, SGAL-dropout uses dropout activation when sampling unseen datapoints and shows more robust classification results compared to that of SGAL's.", "sentence2": "by sampling the unseen datapoints while reducing the model uncertainty, the model better describes the target distribution of unseen classes.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1145", "sentence1": "ToneTrack makes mistakes only in the very low SNR region (below 6 dB). ", "sentence2": " ToneTrack leverages the insight that we can sometimes still retrieve useful and relative accurate information from these inaccurate pseudospectra.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1513", "sentence1": "However, it is much easier for hackers to spoof the source IP address as UDP itself is connectionless and does not require a handshake like TCP does.", "sentence2": "it is worthwhile to design a countermeasure against DDoS flooding that suited the DNS traffic.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3999", "sentence1": "This result indicates that algorithm factor contributes to increased pricing.", "sentence2": "it might reveal more complexity or some constraints within the task.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2081", "sentence1": "The use of technical refinement is playing an important role in the process of optimizing training efficiency and improving results of athletes.", "sentence2": "we aim to develop an online monitoring and feedback tool to follow the swimming training using a single waterproofed and wireless motion sensor attached on the swimmers center of body (back).", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_355", "sentence1": "Machine learning has been quite successful at generative modeling of complex domains such as images, audio, and text.", "sentence2": "relational data poses new and interesting challenges such as permutation invariance, as permuting the nodes results in the same underlying graph.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3636", "sentence1": "As we described in Section III-B3, we distinguish four kinds of program constructs: classes, methods, variables, and com\u00adments.", "sentence2": "to exploit all of this structural information, we perform a separate search for each type of terms.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_542", "sentence1": "Note that such changes are two-way (i.e., efficiency or fairness-oriented), gradual, and dependent on dynamically changing demand conditions.", "sentence2": "to provide better managerial flexibilities to decision makers, we need to provide a full set of candidate allocation solutions and characterize the trade-offs inherent in applying these concepts.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2596", "sentence1": "specificity can be implemented using the first-applicable combining algorithm.", "sentence2": "the policies associated with a data element and with the data elements that can be inferred from it can be combined using deny-overrides.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3104", "sentence1": "The remaining producers are honest-butcurious.", "sentence2": "these producers faithfully follow their protocols, but may try to exploit additional information that can be learned in doing so.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2513", "sentence1": "Then, we enable TrustLogin and login to the FTP server again.", "sentence2": "the password recorded by the keylogger has been changed to a random string generated by TrustLogin. ", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_515", "sentence1": "The TW distance, as well as its average over several trees, can be shown to be negative definite 1 .", "sentence2": "we propose a positive definite tree-(sliced-)Wasserstein kernel that generalizes the sliced-Wasserstein kernel [11,36].", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1637", "sentence1": "However, they are simply outdated; poor parameterization limits high level design and modern abstraction features such as classes are missing.", "sentence2": "myHDL has great support for pa\u00adrameterization.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1527", "sentence1": "To remove the noise on raw CSI measurements, we observe that not all subcarriers are affected equally by multipaths even in a rich multipath environment.", "sentence2": "we introduce a novel CSI pre-processing method to filter out those subcarriers greatly affected by multipath and hard\u00adware noise.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2689", "sentence1": "The write_buffer argument points to a buffer that encodes all the information related to the requested operations.", "sentence2": "the Request type field encodes the type of the request (BC_TRANSACTION, in this example), the InterfaceToken field specifies the remote service (com.android.internal.telephony.ISms), and the code field specifies which of its exported functions must be invoked (sendText).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1850", "sentence1": "But generally the accelerator does not contain memory ports.", "sentence2": "considering hardware resources is critical when generating mappings for spatial ar\u00adchitectures in order to make effective use of PEs and minimize the datapath usage between them.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_639", "sentence1": "Our algorithm circumvents this difficulty by approaching the problem indirectly to find a nonproper classifier.", "sentence2": "our algorithm works in multiple rounds, where within each round only points with high value of | w, x | are considered.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1278", "sentence1": "In vehicular networks, the packet losses in the path between source and destination occur due to packet collisions, fast movement and a limited communication range of vehicles.", "sentence2": "when a node with a frame to send senses the medium transition from busy to idle it does not deterministically start its own transmission and instead a node waits a random backoff.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3236", "sentence1": "For example, assuming the aggregator has 10 ISNs, if we want to process 90% of user requests within 100 ms, then each ISN needs to reply within 100 ms with probability around 0.99.  ", "sentence2": "for a total latency of 100 ms at the 90th-percentile response time, the response time of each ISN must be at most 100 ms at the 99th-percentile.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2986", "sentence1": "For traditional cur\u00adrency systems, any payment whether or not it is based on secure computation requires trust in a third party (as the currency it\u00adself is based on a trusted party, such as a central bank).", "sentence2": "the introduction of cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin [5], opens the possibility of handling payments in a decentralized manner [6, 7].", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_996", "sentence1": "Moreover, to ensure a controlled flight, it is essential to maintain a good quality radio link from the base station to the quadcopter.", "sentence2": "most quadcopter applications do not consider these factors and they tend to use an empirical preset measurement for the maximum distance.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2756", "sentence1": "In this work, we study the in\u00adtrinsic hardware characteristics of modern graphics process\u00ading units (GPUs) due to random manufacturing variations, and exploits the inherent randomness to generate device\u00adspecific signatures.", "sentence2": "we present a novel GPU\u00adbased hardware fingerprint scheme to generate a unique, sta\u00adble, physically unclonable, unpredictable, and random bit string from the inherent hardware features of a general pur\u00adpose GPU (GPGPU).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2205", "sentence1": "To address this issue, we propose to adopt wear leveling for containers with the integration of the proposed two-class bucket list.", "sentence2": "when a container is selected by procedure C ONTAINE R -ALLO C (in Algorithm 3), this container is compared with the first container of each bucket in both the compact and non-compact lists by checking their age .eld in the their container metadata records.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_442", "sentence1": "(ii) The performance of SGD with line-search and Polyak momentum is always better than \"tuned\" constant step-size SGD and Adam, whereas that of SGD with Goldstein line-search is competitive across datasets.", "sentence2": "compared to SGD, checking this condition only makes use of additional mini-batch function (and not gradient) evaluations.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3834", "sentence1": "In this paper, we present language extensions for distributing pipelines and a new compiler backend that generates distributed code.", "sentence2": "the contributions of this paper are: A Halide language extension for distributing image processing pipelines, requiring programmers to write only approximately 10 new lines of code.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_600", "sentence1": "For question embedding, following [2], we perform standard text pre-processing and tokenization.", "sentence2": "questions are first converted to lower case and then trimmed to a maximum of 14 words, and the words that appear less than 5 times are replaced with an \"<unk>\" token.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1289", "sentence1": "All the parties in the semi-honest model must follow the protocol of collaborative sensing and our scheme, but they can keep their own intermediate results, and in this model, honest users are the majority [15].", "sentence2": "sUs and the FC must honestly do coin flipping and send their result whether they are semi-honest or not.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2282", "sentence1": "Observe how our technique drastically reduces the electrical effort (up to -9) of some critical gates that were overloaded before our optimization.", "sentence2": "it is possible to conclude that such unloading helps to improve both WNS and TNS since a critical gate may influence several other near-critical ones.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3640", "sentence1": "When performing checks that require small bounds, such as the satisfiability checks, bvzot is only occasionally more efficient than the other tools.", "sentence2": "as the models and bounds5 grow in size, bvzot demonstrates its strengths.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3324", "sentence1": "The composition of the request-processor chain reflects the specific responsibilities of a replica and therefore differs between primary and backups.", "sentence2": "the primary participates as proposer in the protocol responsible for the reliable distribution of state transactions [35], while backups act as learners.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1217", "sentence1": "In order to recognize these patterns, their colors must be distinguishable, even in cases of low light, hardware noise, and ambient light.", "sentence2": "there must be a noticeable color transition between different patterns.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_213", "sentence1": "We note that the combination of SWA and temperature scaling presents a competitive baseline.", "sentence2": "unlike SWAG it requires using a validation set to tune the temperature; further, temperature scaling is not effective when the test data distribution differs from train, as we observe in experiments on transfer learning from CIFAR-10 to STL-10.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_95", "sentence1": "In this paper, we propose to merge the two directions and learn each agent an intrinsic reward function which diversely stimulates the agents at each time step.", "sentence2": "the intrinsic reward for a specific agent will be involved in computing a distinct proxy critic for the agent to direct the updating of its individual policy.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3724", "sentence1": "The distcheck tool is also being used to schedule package rebuilds within Debian in a way that is aware of unsatisfiable build-time dependencies (as opposed to deploy-time dependencies, which are the main concern of this paper).", "sentence2": "no build will be scheduled by the wanna-build scheduler, unless distcheck can show that the build-time dependencies of a given source package are currently satisfiable in the origin repository.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3282", "sentence1": "Existing big data processing frameworks such as Hadoop and Spark require jobs to be submitted as a binary jars/libs rather than runtime functional calls.", "sentence2": "the resulting data after applying a Transformer can be used for machine learning using a Learner or it can represent the extracted knowledge discovered from the original data.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2008", "sentence1": "If the CUD is interrupted during a transaction in which it serves as a transmitter, the receiver will never get the correct data in a valid transaction because the transaction is not replicable.", "sentence2": "such transactions should not be interrupted.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_819", "sentence1": "We build upon Google's QUIC [15] framework, which is a new transport protocol based on UDP, to implement a CQIC prototype.", "sentence2": "we reuse the RTT estimation and reliable packet delivery modules in QUIC.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3603", "sentence1": "To understand the impact of this instability on the per\u00adformance of RPL, we focus on performance indicators such as the number of parent changes and the number of packets lost.", "sentence2": "the former indicates the stability of the topology.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1524", "sentence1": "When we run our system at the first time, the running time increases with more unknown clients.", "sentence2": "the running time significantly decreases to 0.065 s after the system's first run, since we only need to estimate the location of the target.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1053", "sentence1": "The PI-based approaches benefit from the linear-complex prior DFA on the input and achieve much faster goodput than SP-based ones.", "sentence2": "it is also affected by the RegEx libraries.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_821", "sentence1": "Intuitively, Nightcrawler should use the above collection of reflected TX beam directions to drive imag\u00ading.", "sentence2": "the TX focuses its transmissions on these directions (by rotating its beam repeatedly across them in a round-robin fash\u00adion) while the RX locates and images object(s) in each direction.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_2928", "sentence1": "In principle, both CFI schemes provide strong protection, and even resist the latest code-reuse attack techniques such as COOP (counter\u00adfeit object-oriented programming) [40].", "sentence2": "the im\u00adplemented CFI checks contain weaknesses due to unanticipated interactions with optimizations applied by the com\u00adpiler.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2707", "sentence1": "Phase-two domain-name-based in\u00addicators do not provide unique value to CND between 2.63% and 3.84% of the time.", "sentence2": "between 96.16% and 97.37% of domain-name-based indicators are uniquely provided by a single source.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2948", "sentence1": "However, in contrast to the re-registration attack which involved addition and deletion of Sybil identities, the attacker does not fully control the process of obtaining new attack edges, since an honest user must accept or interact with a Sybil identity to establish a new edge.", "sentence2": "careful attention is needed to model the capabilities of an attacker aiming to induce and exploit churn in attack edges (see Sec\u00adtion 3.2 for a formal description of our dynamic attack edge model ).", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_1192", "sentence1": "The delayed energy also potentially increases the probability of inter-symbol interference (ISI).", "sentence2": "we leave the ISI analysis to the future work.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_1057", "sentence1": "There are huge tradeoffs between these metrics, and it is easy to achieve high values in one of them sacrificing one of the others.", "sentence2": "latency and throughput are often conflicting goals (e.g., larger batch sizes improve throughput at the expense of latency).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_295", "sentence1": "Compared to the Gumbel-Softmax estimator, our approach relies on maximization over the latent variable assignments, rather than summation, which is computationally more efficient.", "sentence2": "performing maximization exactly or approximately is possible in many structured cases, even when summation remains intractable.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_171", "sentence1": "In addition to photoreceptors and bipolar cells in the retina [17], ribbon synapses are featured in many other sensory systems, such as in auditory hair cells and the vestibular system [18].", "sentence2": "our proposed Bayesian framework links stimulus-response modeling to a biophysically inspired, mechanistic model of the ribbon synapse.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_1270", "sentence1": "The usage situation of these transmission lines is essential information for car\u00adrying out the simulation at each terminal.", "sentence2": "it is essential for the protocol for carrying out carrier sensing, such as CSMA/CA.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3162", "sentence1": "In the ROS, data messages exchanged between the master and the node, called a Bag, Bag file can be used to play this back when you need it and repeat the same action to the Robot.", "sentence2": "the configuration environment for the ROS authentication scheme is ROS Indigo version, and Fig. 1 shows the Raspberry pi 2 environment running the master, and Fig. 2 shows the attacker's environment. ", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2568", "sentence1": "One advantage of the SNARK-based scheme is that a signature can be verified very efficiently, independently of the complexity of the computation f being verified, as long as f has a short Turing-Machine description.", "sentence2": "in this work, we will only get efficient verifi\u00adcation in an amortized sense, when verifying a compu\u00adtation f over many different datasets.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_31", "sentence1": "In order to approximate these quantities directly, we construct adaptive-resolution finite approximations to the real and generated manifolds that are able to answer binary membership queries: \"does sample x lie in the support of distribution P ?\".", "sentence2": "they make effects in the \"null space\" of FID clearly visible.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3401", "sentence1": "They contain essential knowledge for developing products encompassing: the knowledge for designing concrete architectures of systems of a given application domain; development best practices; and software elements.", "sentence2": "this paper discussed the importance of an architectural standardization for variability management tools based on reference architectures in order to provide several benefits at developing these tools, such as, promoting interoperability and integration, increasing reuse of projects experiences, and establishing development best practices.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3157", "sentence1": "Despite this upgrade, we demonstrate that it is possible to accurately identify Netflix videos from passive traffic capture in real-time with very limited hardware requirements.", "sentence2": "we developed a system that can report the Netflix video being delivered by a TCP connection using only the information provided by TCP/IP headers.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3111", "sentence1": "With the base register identified, flow-insensitive forwarddata-flow analysis on the base register reveals all the ORIs present in the function.", "sentence2": "in Figure 4, an ORI source at 0x402 is first identified via dynamic analysis.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3956", "sentence1": "This value is the total number of movements invoked by placing SSi at SLOTj .", "sentence2": "orion not only improves performance up to 1.61 times speedup but also resource &#38; energy efficiency, with up to 62.5% memory resource saving, and 6.7% energy reduction over the highly optimized code gen\u00aderated by nvcc (Section 4).", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_896", "sentence1": "If no ticket key has been configured, a fresh one is generated for each IP address and port (but not for each virtual host).", "sentence2": "if a ticket key is specified in the global configuration of the server, all tickets created by any virtual host can be resumed on any other.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_972", "sentence1": "In addition, it shows little consideration about incentives.", "sentence2": "although various empirical experiments [17, 20, 25, 35] demonstrate that financial and social incentives do have an impact on the performance of participants, such as engagement, compliance and quality, they fail to generalize an incentive model to adaptively guide the participants\u2019 behavior.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_3877", "sentence1": "Further, given that our replication packet is trivial to port to other languages, our study simplifies the process of conducting such experiments for the community by providing a first baseline that can be adapted and tested under new conditions.", "sentence2": " the reader should keep in mind that no single experiment on non-trivial ideas can tell us the whole truth, which is one reason why the broader programming language wars [49] have been so difficult to evaluate.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3432", "sentence1": "One approach to making the approach more robust would be to use an exhaustive set of test cases, covering all pos\u00adsible error conditions and program inputs.", "sentence2": "in many cases, particularly for those who use commercial software, the source code for programs is often not available.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2599", "sentence1": "3.5 Commune: Protocol specification Recall that Commune leverages a shared repository, which is an abstraction of the owners storage space on S. The shared repository uses a versioning system so that content cannot be overwritten but only new content can be added.", "sentence2": "commune optimizes performance by splitting a file in smaller units, and encoding/decoding each unit sep\u00adarately.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_366", "sentence1": "We observe that our results are accurate, both in simulations and in two empirical data analysis examples, see Section 3.", "sentence2": "they go beyond earlier work (Raskutti and Mahoney, 2016) because they are accurate not just up to the rate, but also down to the precise constants, even in relatively small samples (see Section A.16 in the supplemental for a comparison).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_3326", "sentence1": "Hare's insight is that exec provides a narrow point at which it is easy to migrate a process to another core.", "sentence2": "the entire state of the process at the time it invokes exec is summarized by the arguments to exec and the calling process's open file descriptors.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_2854", "sentence1": "However, since addr has already been activated, the current ECFG allows an indirect branch to target addr through newly added edges.", "sentence2": "address activation accommodates dynamic linking.", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3472", "sentence1": "To this end, FlexJava is a language accompanied with an automated static analysis that supports both fine-and coarse-grained approximation and provides formal safety guarantees.", "sentence2": "any computation and data that exclusively affects the annotated variable is safe to approximate.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1959", "sentence1": "In Figure 4, \u00e3rst, the signals of TSVs in the \u00e3rst ring can be shifted to their neighboring TSVs in any direction.", "sentence2": " these signals can be shifted to neighboring TSVs in the \u00e3rst ring clockwise and counterclockwise, and to neighboring TSVs in the second ring.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_3131", "sentence1": "Finally, we will discuss the open research problems about the security and privacy of genomic data.", "sentence2": "we will discuss (i) genomic data sharing between different enti\u00adties, (ii) privacy vs. utility of genomic data, (iii) integrat\u00ading genomic data in individuals electronic health records, (iv) access control issues, (v) credibility and liability issues of genomic data, and (vi) standardization efforts by Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH).", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3492", "sentence1": "However, design phase have a tendency to be production delays, incomplete designs, rework, change orders, and have a big impact in all the development stages.", "sentence2": "the usage of AI techniques in order to improve design phase favorably affects the quality of overall software life cycle [4] [5][6].", "label": "reasoning", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_1987", "sentence1": "For DMFBs under the (1:1) mixing model, one of the two input solutions must be a 1/2 1/2 buffer solution.", "sentence2": "the resultant CV is always half of the 1/2 original CV after an exponential dilution operation.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1980", "sentence1": "Modern heterogeneous devices contain tightly coupled CPU and FPGA logic, allowing low latency access to accelerators.", "sentence2": "designers of the system need to treat accelerated functions specially, with device specific code for instantiating, configuring, and executing accelerators.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Hardware"}, {"id": "test_1541", "sentence1": "In order to evaluate the T-SIMn framework, we use an evaluation methodology similar to that used to evaluate T-RATE [2].", "sentence2": "we conduct an experiment (which produces a trace) using a round-robin ordering of rate configurations and then in SIMn we conduct a simulation using a round-robin ordering that differs from the experiment.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Networks"}, {"id": "test_658", "sentence1": "We continue to pre-train Google pre-trained BERT model on our crawled IMDB movie reviews with and without SSE-SE and compare downstream tasks performances.", "sentence2": "sSE integrates seamlessly with existing stochastic optimization methods and the resulting regularization is data-driven.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "NeurIPS"}, {"id": "test_2625", "sentence1": "Our data set has 237 candidate apps in this category, and 121 (51.1%) of them were found to be vulnerable.", "sentence2": "65 of these vulnerable apps were downloaded from Google Play with 11 apps having more than 50, 000 downloads.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_2709", "sentence1": "In practice, it is not possible to hold two of these three aspects fixed.", "sentence2": "list acquisition covers a con\u00adsecutive date range of 30 months with some core methods common to both phases.", "label": "neutral", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3720", "sentence1": "Seahawk [5] is another Eclipse plugin that integrates Stack-Overflow into the IDE.", "sentence2": "seahawk automatically creates queries from the active context in the IDE, presents a ranked and interactive list of results, lets users import code snippets in discussions through drag & drop.", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}, {"id": "test_3079", "sentence1": "Note that a memory block is the smallest unit of opera\u00adtion in CP ORAM, which consists of a fixed small number of memory cells.", "sentence2": "a position map pos (stored in CPU state) records where each memory block is stored in the tree, i.e., a node somewhere along a path from the root to the leaf indexed by pos[g].", "label": "entailment", "domain": "Security and privacy"}, {"id": "test_3579", "sentence1": "Informally, to effectively outsource work to the worker, the worker must know more than a constant fraction (say, 1/3) of the leaves before calling the random oracle to determine whether an attempt is successful.", "sentence2": "if the worker knows more than 1/3 fraction of the leaves, due to a simple Chernoff bound, it will be able to easily steal the solution should one be found.", "label": "contrasting", "domain": "Software and its engineering"}]