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prevalence of both type-1 and type-2 diabetes in children and adolescents is rapidly increasing worldwide . type-2 diabetes is often asymptomatic in its early stages and , thus , it remains unidentified . the risk of such a condition is the same or higher than the previously diagnosed ones . the individuals with im...	background and objectives : to determine the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in adolescents in birjand city in eastern iran.materials and methods : this cross - sectional study was done on 2653 students aged 1118 years selected through multi - stage stratified and random sampling . fasting blood glucose ( fbs ...
gbm diffusely infiltrates the surrounding brain tissue , but does not typically invade blood vessels and rarely spreads outside the central nervous system ( cns ) . metastasis to the outside of the cns was accounted for in only 0.2% cases4 ) . the most common site of extraneural metastasis of the gbm is pleura and ...	glioblastoma multiforme ( gbm ) is the most aggressive intracranial tumor and it commonly spreads by direct extension and infiltration into the adjacent brain tissue and along the white matter tract . the metastatic spread of gbm outside of the central nervous system ( cns ) is rare . the possible mechanisms of ext...
the acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) remains a matter of high concern in critically ill - patients . mortality of the syndrome in the intensive care unit ( icu ) and in - hospital still fluctuates around 40% . treatment of ards involves adequate control of the underlying disease , mechanical ventilation...	background : few studies have investigated high - frequency percussive ventilation ( hfpv ) in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards).materials and methods : we retrospectively analyzed data from critically ill - patients with moderate and severe ards who received hfpv . ventilation and oxyge...
pancreaticoduodenectomy is a technically difficult procedure , and the incidence of postsurgical complications is high . particularly , pancreaticojejunostomy leakage is a very serious complication , and it has been shown that the most prevalent cause of death after pancreaticoduodenectomy is pancreatic juice leakage...	purposein korea , there are few reports regarding the infiltration of fat tissue in pancreatic parenchyma in surgically resected organs . it is necessary to ascertain the correlation between the presence of fat tissue in the resection margin of the pancreas and the surgery outcome.methodsfifty four patients who under...
tuberculosis is one of the leading infectious causes of death in the world . according to the who estimates some patients with tuberculosis may also have other coexisting diseases like hiv , diabetes , osteoarthritis , hypertension which will also require drug therapy for a sustained period . the standard treatment...	objectives : patients on anti - tuberculosis therapy ( att ) are more prone to drug interactions in the presence of coexisting illnesses which warrant drug therapy . rifampicin is a strong cyp enzyme inducer while isoniazid is a potent cyp inhibitor . the objective of the study was to find the net effect of one mon...
nitric oxide ( no ) is a highly reactive molecule with a range of physiological functions [ 1 , 2 ] . this messenger plays an important role in the modulation of vascular tone , neurotransmission [ 4 , 5 ] , and immune system [ 68 ] . in addition to the constitutive forms of the enzyme ( endothelial ( enos or nos3 ...	we recently demonstrated that sildenafil reduces the expression of cytokines , cox-2 , and gfap in a demyelinating model induced in wild - type ( wt ) mice . herein , the understandings of the neuroprotective effect of sildenafil and the mediation of inos / no system on inflammatory demyelination induced by cuprizone...
diabetes mellitus refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia . it is estimated that there are currently 285 million people with diabetes worldwide and this number is set to increase to 438 million by the year 2030 . epidemiological data indicate that all nations , rich...	the objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of nonadherence and its contributing factors among diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic in adama hospital . methods . this descriptive cross - sectional study was carried out among patients with diabetes mellitus attending the diabetes mellitus cli...
sudden infant death syndrome ( sids ) is a diagnosis of exclusion defined as " the sudden death of an infant under one year of age that remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation , including performance of a complete autopsy , examination of the death scene and review of the clinical history " ( 1 ) . al...	this study aimed to elucidate the demographic and sleeping environmental factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome ( sids ) in korea . the autopsy reports of all sids cases reported to the national forensic service and seoul national university college of medicine between 1996 and 2008 were reviewed for da...
chloroplasts were isolated from the pea leaves of 1012-d - old plants and purified on silica sol gradients ( waegemann and soll , 1991 ) . a standard import assay contained chloroplasts equivalent to 30 g chl in 100 l import mix ( 330 mm sorbitol , 50 mm hepes - koh , ph 7.6 , 3 mm mgso4 , 10 mm methionine , 10...	the chloroplastic inner envelope protein of 110 kd ( iep110 ) is part of the protein import machinery in the pea . different hybrid proteins were constructed to assess the import and sorting pathway of iep110 . the iep110 precursor ( piep110 ) uses the general import pathway into chloroplasts , as shown by the ...
despite considerable public health efforts to curtail obesity , the epidemic has progressed over the past three decades in the united states ( us ) . epidemiological data from the most recent national health and examination survey ( nhanes 2009 - 2010 ) indicated that 68.8% of american adults are overweight or obese ...	obesity and osteoporosis are two chronic conditions that have been increasing in prevalence . despite prior data supporting the positive relationship between body weight and bone mineral density ( bmd ) , recent findings show excess body weight to be detrimental to bone mass , strength , and quality . to evaluate w...
these tumors are rarely associated with clinical manifestations ; therefore , they are usually discovered incidentally at the time of surgery , frequently in association with acute appendicitis . its clinical significance lies in the possible rupture and consequent spillage of mucin into the peritoneal cavity , leadi...	tumors of the appendix are rare entities causing mucoceles . the majority of them are discovered incidentally during investigation for other conditions . laparoscopic surgery for appendiceal tumors is still controversial , as inadvertent rupture of the lesion due to improper handling will cause pseudomyxoma periton...
a prospective observational cohort study of patients presenting for home carealmost 1/5 of patients with advanced cancers suffer from pressure ulcersnone of the patients enrolled had a new pressure ulcer during home carepressure ulcer resolved completely with care in 40% of the patientsthis care could be provided at...	aim : to report the prevalence and outcomes of pressure ulcers ( pu ) seen in a cohort of cancer patients requiring home - based palliative care.materials and methods : all patients referred for home care were eligible for this prospective observational study , provided they were living within a distance of 35 km from ...
the spherical aberration of the cornea is positive and that of the lens is negative in the young , healthy eye , and these differences have a compensatory relationship [ 1 , 2 ] . decreased optical quality occurs in the aging eye as the spherical aberration of the lens becomes gradually positive and thus loses its ab...	objective . to evaluate the postoperative visual quality of cataract patients with extreme myopia after implantation of aspheric intraocular lenses ( iols ) . methods . thirty - three eyes were enrolled in this prospectivestudy . eighteen eyes with an axial length longer than 28 mm were included in the extreme ...
chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in mexico . it has been estimated that 8% of the mexican population has an estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) < 60/ml / min per 1.73 m. data from the mexican national health survey 2000 indicate that risk factors for ckd are dispro...	little is known about the prevalence of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) among the homeless in mexico . the role of substance abuse , alcoholism , and homelessness in ckd has not been properly evaluated . we screened 260 homeless individuals in the state of jalisco , mexico , for the presence of ckd and its risk fact...
mesial temporal lobe epilepsy ( mtle ) is the most common focal epilepsy affecting adults , and is often associated with pharmacological resistance . temporal lobe resection is , thus , an accepted treatment option for the management of drugresistant mtle . the ideal candidates for surgical resection are those with...	objectiveelectrical stimulation of the hippocampus offers the possibility to treat patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy ( mtle ) who are not surgical candidates . we report longterm followup results in five patients receiving low or high frequency hippocampal stimulation for drugresistant mtle.materials and me...
ischemic stroke is a heterogeneous disease with various cardiac , arterial , hemodynamic , rheological , and other systemic abnormalities . categorizing patients into classes congruent with their pathophysiology is the key to understanding stroke , providing appropriate treatment , and preventing recurrence . vario...	both the incidence and prevalence of stroke in asia are steadily increasing , and the burden of stroke is particularly high in asian countries . although strokes in asians and caucasians share many common features , there are some differences that are probably due to differences in lifestyle and genetic background . ...
endodontically treated teeth with extensive coronal hard tissue defects usually present a higher risk of biomechanical failure than vital teeth , due to the loss of structural integrity . 12345 the conventional method for restoring these teeth is to fabricate post - core supported crowns.6 this was believed to provide ...	purposethis in - vitro study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistances and failure modes of endodontically treated mandibular premolars restored with endocrowns and conventional post - core retained crowns.materials and methodsthirty mandibular premolars were assigned into three groups ( n=10 ) : gi , intact teeth ; g...
forearm rotation occurs around an axis connecting the center of the radial head and the fovea of the distal ulna . various treatments for malunion have been reported , but the optimal method for reduction remains controversial . we planned this study to determine numerical values indicative of healing treatment dur...	abstractforearm rotation occurs around an axis connecting the center of the radial head and the fovea of the distal ulna . the purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the usefulness of the difference between forearm and proximal radial axis in the treatment of malunited forearm fractures . we reviewed the r...
although tnf itself was not discovered until the 1970s , a physician named william coley first noted the phenomenon of tumor necrosis at the turn of the 20th century . the tumors of some of his cancer patients shrank after they had acquired streptococcal infections ( 1 ) . but the inherent dangers of injecting huma...	in the early 1980s , in search of the cytokine that triggers disease- associated weight loss and lethal shock , anthony cerami and bruce beutler purified cachectin . they soon found out that their malevolent cytokine already had another name tumor necrosis factor ( tnf)and was being lauded as a potential antitumor ...
as explained in more detail in our previous report , in the course of a screening campaign of new chemical entities against infectious agents , compounds 1 and 2 were found active on our whole cell measles virus replication assay ( figure 1 ) . an initial structure activity study led to confirmation of the p...	following our discovery of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase ( dhodh ) inhibition by 2-(3-alkoxy-1h - pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine derivatives as well as 2-(4-benzyl-3-ethoxy-5-methyl-1h - pyrazol-1-yl)-5-methylpyridine , we describe here the syntheses and evaluation of an array of azine - bearing analogues . as in...
significant evidence ties gestational weight gain ( gwg ) to short- and long - term maternal and infant outcomes . to optimize maternal and child health , the institute of medicine ( iom ) provides guidelines for gwg based on prepregnancy body mass index ( bmi ) . greater gwg is recommended for women with prepregna...	this study examined racial / ethnic differences in gestational weight gain ( gwg ) predictors and association of first - trimester gwg to overall gwg among 271 white women and 300 latina women . rates of within - guideline gwg were higher among latinas than among whites ( 28.7% versus 24.4% , p < 0.016 ) . adjusted...
wireless capsule endoscope ( wce ) was invented at the beginning of this century.1 from the day on which it was applied in a clinical test , a great potential was unfolded before our eyes in the diagnosis of small intestinal diseases thanks to its comfortable , painless , and less - invasive exploration of gastrointest...	wireless capsule endoscope achieved great success , however , the maneuvering of wireless capsule endoscope is challenging at present . a magnetic driving instrument , including two bar magnets , a stepper motor , a motor driver , a motor controller , and a power supplier , was developed to generate rotational magnetic...
normal pericardium is a double - walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels . the pericardium is composed of two different layers ; an outer fibrous parietal pericardium and an inner visceral pericardium.1 ) the inner visceral pericardium is a serous - type membrane and is located immediate...	pericardial effusion can develop from any pericardial disease , including pericarditis and several systemic disorders , such as malignancies , pulmonary tuberculosis , chronic renal failure , thyroid diseases , and autoimmune diseases . the causes of large pericardial effusion requiring invasive pericardiocentesis ma...
the reported constituents in the cigarette smoke are nicotine , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( pah ) , nitrated pah , ben zo[a]pyrene , thiocynate , nitro - lactones , fluoranthene , pyrene , benzo[a]anthracene , chrysene , benzo(g , h , i ) perylene , dibenz(a , h)anthracene ; aromatic amines . most of these con...	background : despite the recent campaigns to eliminate smoking , the rates are still increasing world - wide . exposure to passive smoking ( ps ) is associated with morbidity and mortality from awful diseases . although many college students smoke , little is known about their exposure to ps , common places and sou...
gaucher disease ( gd ) is the most common lysosomal storage disorder and is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme glucocerebrosidase ( gcase ) . it is an autosomal recessive disorder that primarily affects the mononuclear phagocyte system by lipid accumulation ( tayebi et al . patients typically manifest hepatospl...	gaucher disease is associated with parkinson s disease ( pd ) by mutations in glucocerebrosidase ( gcase ) . the gene encoding gcase , glucosidase beta acid ( gba ) , is an important risk factor for pd . findings from large studies have shown that patients with pd have an increased frequency of mutations in gba and...
the maintenance of gut immune homeostasis depends on mechanisms regulating the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and host epithelial , stromal , and immune cells ( hooper et al . the intestinal epithelium forms a physical and biochemical barrier between luminal bacteria and mucosal immune cells . it ac...	summaryintestinal epithelial cells ( iecs ) regulate gut immune homeostasis , and impaired epithelial responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases ( ibd ) . iec - specific ablation of nuclear factor b ( nf-b ) essential modulator ( nemo ) caused paneth cell apoptosis and impaired antimi...
we present spontaneous retrobulbar hemorrhage in a 52-year - old woman with history of breast cancer and tamoxifen intake which was first thought to be an orbital metastasis . a 52-year - old woman with history of breast cancer and tamoxifen intake was referred due to severe proptosis and visual loss . after explor...	purposewe present spontaneous retrobulbar hemorrhage in a 52-year - old woman with history of breast cancer and tamoxifen intake which was first thought to be an orbital metastasis.case reporta 52-year - old woman with history of breast cancer and tamoxifen intake was referred due to severe proptosis and visual loss . ...
autologous transplantation of periodontal fibroblasts and stem cells may be a promising technique to induce tissue regeneration in the treatment of periodontal disease [ 14 ] . spheroid culture is a form of three - dimensional cell culture that promotes cell - matrix interaction and cellular differentiation without r...	the aim of this study was to develop a three - dimensional in vitro model of periodontium to investigate the osteogenic and cementogenic differentiation potential of the periodontal ligament fibroblast ( pdlf ) spheroids within a dentin - membrane complex . pdlfs were cultured in both spheroid forms and monolayers an...
patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk for several physical morbidities , including respiratory , infectious , metabolic , and cardiovascular diseases ( cvds).1 many factors contribute to increase the risk for such conditions , and most of them are intertwined . first , the onset of mental disorder is corr...	backgroundin the last few decades , a large number of studies have produced compelling evidence that patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk for developing several medical conditions and diseases , including obesity , metabolic disturbances , and cardiovascular diseases . several protocols have been designe...
soybean meal is an ingredient of choice to supply energy and proteins to layers and broilers . because of that , costs and availability of soybean meal are strongly correlated with the price of agricultural commodities on the world market [ 1 , 2 ] . the trypsin inhibitors of soybean grain are well characterized an...	the aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of toasted soybean grains on bioeconomic performance of pullets and layer hens in hot and humid environment . a total of 972 three - week - old harco chicks were divided into 12 groups . at starter , pullet and laying phases , birds were fed four diets containing 0%...
in the effort to attain the millennium development goals ( mdgs ) 4 and 5 , which are to reduce child mortality and improve maternal health , respectively,1 the department of health ( doh ) of the philippines mandated the implementation of the essential intrapartum and newborn care ( einc ) protocol in both public and ...	this study determined the profile and birthing practices in both modern and traditional ways among maranao traditional birth attendants ( tbas ) in lanao del norte , philippines . it employed a descriptive research design . the respondents were 50 maranao tbas selected through the snowball sampling technique . a ...
one of the most important indicators for the mphe is the number of foreign students . in the analyzed period , the minimum number of foreign students in the higher education system , including medicine and pharmacy was recorded in 1975 , while the maximum number of foreign students in mphe was reached in 1982 , when 81...	after 1948 the romanian higher education entered a period of important developments , controlled by the communist regime , which meant thathigher educationinstitutions autonomy was severely obstructed , while politicalpurges affected the teaching staff and students alike . nevertheless , new types of higher education...
computed tomographic angiography ( cta ) is a non - invasive mean of investigating isolated third nerve palsy to exclude intracranial aneurysm . however , third nerve palsy can be also associated with dural carotid cavernous fistulae ( ccf ) with anterograde inferior petrosal sinus drainage , which may occur without ...	computed tomographic angiography ( cta ) is a well - established non - invasive investigation for this neurological presentation to exclude intracranial aneurysms . however , dural arteriovenous fistulae with anterograde venous drainage only can be missed by cta . here we reported two patients with painful complete...
the study was conducted at the department of ophthalmology of a medical college in north - east india between september 2012 and june 2014 . approval from the institute 's ethical committee was obtained , and the study was carried out in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 declaration of helsinki . th...	purposeto compare the levels of serum cortisol and testosterone in acute and chronic central serous chorio - retinopathy ( csc).methodsserum cortisol and testosterone levels in 30 patients with either acute or chronic csc were evaluated using chemiluminescent immunoassay.resultsthe mean age was 42.43 6.37 years ( rang...
the occurrence of two unprovoked seizures more than 24 hours apart could indicate the presence of an epileptic disorder . most cases of epilepsy are managed efficiently by medication , and afflicted children have normal iq and are expected to have a normal life . however , these children need to be carefully monitore...	objectivethe paper aims to study the prevalence of depression in epileptic children and adolescents by reviewing the existing literature , looking for any association between depression in these children and their demographic or seizure related factors to highlight the potential risk factors for depression in epileptic...
it is well - established that achievement of high bond strength to dentin is dependent on complete penetration of resin into spaces around the collagen fibrils in demineralized dentin . in acid - etched dentin , following complete dissolution of the minerals and loss of structural support of the fibrils , interfibrilla...	background : elimination of water entrapment in hybrid layer during bonding procedure would increase bonding durability.aims:this study evaluated the effect of oxalate desensitizer ( ox ) pretreatment on bond strength of three one - bottle adhesives to ethylene - diamine tetra acetic acid ( edta)-conditioned dentin und...
skydiving , sport parachuting from aircraft , engages more than 800,000 participants in over one hundred countries who make more than 6 million jumps per year . skydiving can be viewed as an extreme sport , by being associated with a risk of death or serious injury . skydiving activities are dependent on rules an...	the objective was to illuminate the experience of injuries and the process of injury reporting within the swedish skydiving culture . data contained narrative interviews that were subsequently analyzed with content analysis . seventeen respondents ( 2244 years ) were recruited at three skydiving drop zones in swede...
there is a longstanding discourse on whether self - reported health is a good measure of objective health . objective health indexes include mortality , life expectancy and diagnosed morbidity , which provide a great degree of precision in the measurement of health . those measures have been used for centuries by m...	background : there is a longstanding discourse on whether self - reported health is a good measure of objective health . this has never been empirical examined in jamaica.aims:study seeks to 1 ) examine the relationship between particular subjective and objective indexes ; 2 ) investigate the validity of a 4-week sub...
array - comparative genomic hybridization ( a - cgh ) assay has made the genome - wide screening of genomic copy - number variations ( cnvs ) possible , enabling to assign genetic diagnoses to phenotypes , which could not be accounted for in the past . microcephaly , disproportionate pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia...	microcephaly , disproportionate pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia ( micpch ) syndrome , a rare x - linked disorder , generally seen in girls , is characterized by neurodevelopmental delay , microcephaly , and disproportionate pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia . it is caused by inactivating calcium / calmodulin - depe...
cardiac resynchronization therapy ( crt ) is an effective and well - established therapy for patients suffering with heart failure ( hf ) , left ventricular ( lv ) systolic dysfunction ( ejection fraction 35% ) and electrical dyssynchrony , demonstrated by a surface qrs duration of 120 ms . patients undergoing treatm...	cardiac resynchronization therapy ( crt ) is an effective and well - established therapy for patients suffering with heart failure , left ventricular ( lv ) systolic dysfunction ( ejection fraction 35% ) , and electrical dyssynchrony , demonstrated by a surface qrs duration of 120 ms . patients undergoing treatment w...
a 22-year - old , stuporous , but previously healthy man , 182 cm in height and 70 kg in weight , was admitted to the emergency room with an accidental injury from a fall . an emergent brain ct demonstrated acute traumatic subdural hematoma , thus an emergent decompressive craniectomy and hematoma removal was perform...	pseudohypoxic brain swelling ( phbs ) is known to be an uncommon event that may occur during and following an uneventful brain surgery , when negative suction drainage is used . the cerebrospinal fluid loss related to suction drainage can evoke intracranial hypotension that progress to phbs . the main presentations...
hysterectomy remains the most common major gynecological operation and may be carried out by 3 different routes : vaginal , abdominal , and laparoscopic . clearly , indications for these 3 routes should differ , but they can also overlap . although the abdominal route is unanimously considered the most morbid hystere...	background : to argue the usefulness for performing total laparoscopic hysterectomy with primary uterine artery coagulation at its origin for a series of women presenting with an enlarged benign uterus.method:eighteen women having undergone the procedure consecutively during a period of 17 months were studied retrospec...
oesophageal perforations are associated with high morbidity and mortality , predominantly as a result of a mediastinal leakage frequently leading to septic shock . we report a patient on warfarin therapy presenting an intramural , intrathoracic eosophageal haematoma prior to oesophagus perforation ; a condition that ...	introductiontraumatic oesophageal perforation is a rare , life - threatening emergency that requires early recognition and prompt surgical management.presentation of casewe present an unusual case of a patient on warfarin treatment developed an intramural oesophageal haematoma following blunt thoracic trauma leading to...
the incidence of intertrochanteric fractures has been increasing significantly due to the rising age of modern human populations . generally , intramedullary fixation and extramedullary fixation are the 2 primary options for treatment of such fractures . the dynamic hip screw ( dhs ) , commonly used in extramedulla...	backgroundthe aim of this meta - analysis was to compare the outcomes of proximal femoral nail ( pfn ) and dynamic hip screw ( dhs ) in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.material/methodsrelevant randomized or quasi - randomized controlled studies comparing the effects of pfn and dhs were searched for following t...
maternal immunological tolerance is essential for successfully establishing and maintaining pregnancy [ 1 , 2 ] . in early pregnancy decidua , type 1 inflammatory t - cells significantly decrease , whereas both type 2 cells and cd56 cd16 cytokine - secreting uterine natural killer ( unk ) cells significantly increase...	this prospective longitudinal study aimed at comparing maternal immune response among naturally conceived ( nc ; n = 25 ) , in vitro fertilization ( ivf ; n = 25 ) , and egg donation ( ed ; n = 25 ) pregnancies . the main outcome measures were , firstly , to follow up plasma levels of interleukin ( il ) 1beta , il2 ,...
chronic subdural hematoma ( csdh ) is a common disease in modern neurosurgery practice especially for the elderly patients . in contrast , non - traumatic subdural hematoma ( sdh ) caused by intracranial arteriovenous fistula ( avf ) is extremely rare , and there are only a few cases described in the literature.8)13 ...	the author has encountered a 67-year - old man with dural arteriovenous fistula ( avf ) presenting as a non - traumatic chronic subdural hematoma ( csdh ) . this previously healthy patient was hospitalized due to progressive headache with subacute onset . he underwent burr - hole surgery twice for evacuating the le...
chronic renal failure ( crf ) is defined as a progressive decline in renal function associated with a reduced glomerular filtration rate . the most common causes are diabetes mellitus , glomerulonephritis , polycystic kidney disease , pyelonephritis and chronic hypertension . worldwide , the number of cases of cfg ...	objectives : to investigate the effect of 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on surface micromorphology and roughness of enamel and root dentin of uremic patients receiving hemodialysis using atomic force microscopy ( afm).methods : a total of 20 sound molars were collected from healthy individuals ( n=10 ) and uremi...
inflammation of the pericardium due to infection or non - infectious etiology is known as pericarditis . the most common forms are idiopathic and viral which are usually self - limiting and benign conditions . predisposing factors include renal disease , previous cardiac and thoracic surgery , endoscopic oesophagea...	though pericardial disease is common in patients with renal disease , purulent pericarditis is very rare . we report a fatal case of purulent pericarditis and sepsis due to methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus in a 78-year - old male with systemic hypertension and renal disease along with the molecular chara...
inadequate bone quantity in the posterior maxilla secondary to pneumatization of the maxillary sinus and/or postextraction alveolar ridge resorption can compromise dental implant placement , therefore requiring site grafting prior to implant placement using techniques such as maxillary sinus floor elevation . the ideal...	purpose . to investigate the regenerative results obtained with the association of bone marrow aspirate concentrate using the bone marrow aspirate concentrate ( bmac ) method to a xenogeneic bone graft ( bio - oss ) in sinus floor elevation . materials and methods . using a randomized controlled study design in eight...
perhaps because of ingrained cultural beliefs about the infallibility of computation , people show a level of trust in computed outputs that is completely at odds with the reality that nearly zero provably error - free computer programs have ever been written 2 , 3 . it has been estimated that the industry aver...	errors in scientific results due to software bugs are not limited to a few high - profile cases that lead to retractions and are widely reported . here i estimate that in fact most scientific results are probably wrong if data have passed through a computer , and that these errors may remain largely undetected . th...
pain as a frequent occurrence after dental procedures concerns patients and has an adverse impact on patient satisfaction . third molar post extraction pain ( pep ) is one of the most common models successfully used in recent years for assessing the analgesic efficacy of pain - killing drugs . pain is a subjective ...	aimthe literature focuses little attention on factors that influence third molar post extraction pain ( pep ) . one factor that may play a role in pep is saliva . we undertook a study in patients subjected to third molar extraction with the aim of assessing the influence of salivary ph on pep.materials and methods ...
since the seminal work of ostwald in the late 19th century , crystal nucleation and growth have remained of constant , if not even increasing , interest . today , applications of crystal engineering range from quantum dots and nanomaterials to biomimetic composites and pharmaceutical formulation . in parallel to push...	recent observations of prenucleation species and multi - stage crystal nucleation processes challenge the long - established view on the thermodynamics of crystal formation . here , we review and generalize extensions to classical nucleation theory . going beyond the conventional implementation as has been used for mor...
prostate cancer is the most common solid tumor in men and is the second leading cause of death among cancers . diagnosis is performed through fragments obtained by ultrasound - guided transrectal prostate biopsy , which is usually performed on an outpatient basis . many patients consider the procedure uncomfortable...	purposeto assess the pain intensity of patients administered midazolam and fentanyl citrate before undergoing transrectal ultrasound - guided prostate biopsy.materials and methodsthis was a study in patients with different indications for prostate biopsy in whom 5 mg of midazolam and 50 g of fentanyl citrate was admini...
a 30-year - old female patient reported to the outpatient department of vasantdada patil dental college and hospital , sangli with a chief complaint of gingival swelling on the right maxillary posterior region . the patient noticed a painless swelling 6 months ago , which was small in size initially , started growing...	arteriovenous malformations are extremely rare conditions in that can result from abnormalities in the structure of blood vessels , which may be potentially fatal . a 30-year - old female patient visited our hospital with a complaint of swelling on the right maxillary posterior gingiva along with the large port - win...
opioid narcotics are the cornerstone drugs for managing severe cancer pain , with or without adjuvant drugs . fentanyl is a synthetic opioid - agonist that primarily interacts with the mu - opioid receptor . transdermal fentanyl patches are designed to deliver fentanyl at a constant rate from a reservoir . there ...	we describe here a patient who obtained a good analgesic effect with high - dose fentanyl patches for controlling cancer pain . a 52-year - old man was referred to our hospital because of severe cancer pain that was 7/10 on a numeric rating scale ( nrs ) . he had been diagnosed with locally advanced cholangiocarcin...
the decline in respiratory function of stroke patients is caused by reduced physical activity . the decline in cardiopulmonary function is related to reduced oxygen transport ability caused by extended bed rest after hospitalization1 . this condition can cause stroke patients who require intensive rehabilitat...	[ purpose ] the purpose of the present study was to verify a new method for improving respiratory functions by applying both abdominal stimulation and inspiratory muscle training ( imt ) to train the inspiratory muscle and the expiratory muscle simultaneously , to improve the efficiency of imt of chronic stroke p...
aseptic meningitis is a central nervous system infection that encompasses all types of leptomeninges inflammation of the brain , characterized by fever and meningeal symptoms with moderate , predominantly lymphocytic cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) pleocytosis and with bacteriologically sterile cultures.1,2 aseptic meningi...	meningitis is usually produced by an infectious agent , but there are multiple noninfectious causes . drug - induced aseptic meningitis ( diam ) is an important entity and has been reported as an uncommon adverse reaction with numerous agents . thus , diam constitutes a diagnostic and patient management challenge ....
trauma accompanied by fracture of anterior teeth is an unpleasant experience for the patient who requires attention not only because of damage to the dentition , but also due to the psychologic effect of trauma . the majority of dental injuries involve the anterior teeth , especially the maxillary central incisors . ...	the aim of this study is to present a report of a case where forced orthodontic extrusion and computer - aided design and computer - aided manufacturing ( cad / cam ) technique was used for reconstruction of right maxillary central incisor with grossly destructed crown . aesthetic rehabilitation of a fractured maxill...
anterior crossbite is a major esthetic and functional anomaly which has to be corrected at the onset in primary as well as mixed dentition to allow the normal development of occlusion . it is the lingual positioning of the maxillary anterior teeth in relation to the mandibular anterior teeth or lingo - occlusion of u...	anterior crossbite results from the abnormal axial inclination of one or more anterior teeth . it is a major esthetic and functional anomaly which has to be corrected in the primary and early mixed dentition period to allow the normal development of maxilla and mandible as well as the occlusion . several treatment ...
cancer is the third main cause of death in iran only after cardiovascular diseases and accidents ( 1 ) . local reports also indicate that cancers is on the rise in iran ( 2 ) . for example , a recent estimation indicated that lung , stomach , breast and prostate cancer increased between 2001 and 2015 in isfahan pro...	backgroundcancer is the third main cause of death in iran only after cardiovascular diseases and accidents.objectivesthe main aim of this research study was to identify nurses understanding of cancer patients quality of life ( qol ) in an iranian context.patients and methodsthis descriptive correlational study was cond...
although anatomical liver resection is the standard of care for treatment of neoplastic hepatic disease ( either primary or secondary ) , non - anatomical liver resections can still be useful in some situations . it is a low - morbidity technique that can be timely used for tumors near the hepatic surface . it also...	enucleation of hepatic tumors is a low - morbidity technique with adequate oncological results that is useful in many clinical settings . compared with anatomical liver resections , it offers the advantage of maximal hepatic parenchymal preservation . however , some technical adversities may occur during the enucle...
the trauma of passing a large dialysis catheter through the vein wall is an important initiating stimulus for the fibrin sheath and subsequent fibrosis in the central vein ( 1 ) . respirations , cardiac motion , and positional changes tend to move the indwelling catheter within the vein , and can probably damage the ...	backgroundcentral vein stenosis or occlusion is a common complication that can lead to significant morbidity and dysfunction of access in the hemodialysis patient . more lesions can develop over time , and preserving access becomes a challenge as life expectancy of the hemodialysis patient increases.objectivesthe goa...
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide with increasing annual incidence worldwide . although the incidence of hcc increases in recent years due to hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection , alcohol - related cirrhosis and possibly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in western countries , mo...	background : hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is a common cancer in china , an area of high hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection . although several staging systems are available , there is no consensus on the best classification to use because multiple factors , such as etiology , clinical treatment and populations coul...
infertility is a major health challenge that has caused 15% of couples around the world ( 1 ) and 22% of couples in iran ( 2 ) to face mental , social ( 3 ) , and financial consequences ; therefore , it is considered a general health issue . the desire to have children is one of the basic human instincts ; because in...	background : using appropriate coping strategies has a positive influence on moderating mental pressures caused by infertility and the stress during treatment . using these strategies needs personal skills and they could be influenced by individual 's inner psychological and environmental factors . the aim of this st...
there are few studies that describe neuroimaging [ computed tomography ( ct ) and magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) ] and electroencephalogram ( eeg ) data in children who present with new - onset seizures . the eeg is recommended as a part of the neurodiagnostic evaluation of the child with an apparent first unprov...	objectives:(1 ) to determine the frequency of abnormal neuroimaging in children with new - onset afebrile and complex febrile seizures ; ( 2 ) to draw a correlation between electroencephalogram ( eeg ) and neuroimaging.study design : a hospital - based prospective study.materials and methods : a total of 276 children (...
paratesticular tumors are infrequent tumors that have a high incidence of malignancy ; they are either soft - tissue tumors or mesothelial neoplasms . paratesticular liposarcomas include all liposarcomas arising in the structures around the testis , including the lower end of the cord . it is felt to arise from the...	paratesticular liposarcomas are rare tumors and are often reported as isolated cases . patients usually present with a painless scrotal or inguinal mass , mimicking inguinal hernia . they refer to liposarcomas arising from the spermatic cord , testicular tunics , and epididymis . we report a case of bilateral scrot...
the ventricular pacemaker lead could pass the signal from the pacemaker to the pacing site and active the local muscle . then the cardiac excitation spreads to the right and left ventricular and makes the whole heart contract . that 's the way the pacemaker achieves its function for the patients . by connecting to ...	a 65-year - old man was admitted as for one month of repetitive dizziness and one episode of syncope . electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia and his holter monitoring also showed sinus bradycardia with sinus arrest , sino - atrial block and a longest pause of 4.3 s. then sick sinus syndrome and adam - stokes syn...
retinal vein occlusions ( rvos ) are the second most common visually disabling disease affecting the retina , after diabetic retinopathy . obstruction of retinal venous flow leads to damage of the vasculature , hemorrhage , and tissue ischemia . occlusions affecting the central retinal vein , or central retinal vei...	retinal vein occlusion is a common , vision - threatening vascular disorder . the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and clinical consequences of retinal vein occlusion is a topic of growing interest . it has long been recognized that systemic inflammatory disorders , such as autoimmune disease , are a signif...
about 75%80% of cutaneous melanomas originate on healthy skin , therefore only 20%25% of melanomas are thought to develop on a cutaneous lesion that we can identify as a clinical precursor . it remains to be established whether or not the so - called precursors are to be considered as precancerous lesions or , rather...	we can identify three main groups of cutaneous pigmented lesions that could be represented as melanoma precursors : ( a ) congenital melanocytic nevi , ( b ) dysplastic or atypical nevi , and ( c ) acquired melanocytic nevi . the occurrence of melanoma in small and intermediate congenital melanocytic nevi is very unc...
in the previous issue of critical care hadian and colleagues compare the performances of the three best known examples of pulse contour systems - lidco plus , picco plus and flotrac - against thermodilution . an experimental design was used based on cardiac surgery patients in the first 4 hours after surgery , in whi...	three pulse contour systems for monitoring cardiac output - lidco plus , picco plus and flotrac - were compared in postcardiac surgery patients . none of the three methods demonstrated good trending ability according to concordance analysis . pulse contour systems remain unreliable in the haemodynamically unstable pa...
it must be reasons significant enough for me to argue for such a fundamental renovation ( table 1 ) . let me first very briefly review the minimal functionality of the dna code . for simplicity , i use a , u , g , and c for adenosine , uridine , guanine , and cytosine , respectively . the code of a dna sequence f...	the codon table for the canonical genetic code can be rearranged in such a way that the code is divided into four quarters and two halves according to the variability of their gc and purine contents , respectively . for prokaryotic genomes , when the genomic gc content increases , their amino acid contents tend to be r...
true radial artery aneurysms are extremely rare , with no documented prevalence in the medical literature . in 1966 , the first recognition of this condition was introduced by thorrens , and since then some reports have been published . this paper describes a case of true radial artery aneurysm in a 65-year - old wom...	true aneurysms of hand arteries are rare . i present a case of a true saccular aneurysm of the distal radial artery in a 65-year - old woman with no history of trauma . the ct angiography , intraoperative features , operative procedure , histopathological examination and literature review are presented and discusse...
monocondylar tibia plateau fractures with non - comminuted fragments can be treated using percutaneous screws . currently indirect methods of reduction are used and thus the technique is limited to fragments with less than 5 mm depression . the first author has designed a device for direct elevation and reduction o...	introduction : monocondylar tibia plateau fractures with non - comminuted fragments can be treated using percutaneous screws . currently indirect methods of reduction are used and thus the technique is limited to fragments with less than 5 mm depression . the first author has designed a device for direct elevation ...
microbial communities of acidic wetlands are responsible for emissions of the potent greenhouse gases methane ( ch4 ) , and nitrous oxide ( n2o ; conrad , 1996 ; whalen , 2005 ; denman et al . , 2007 ) . the largest single global source of atmospheric ch4 ( 100237 gt year ) are acidic wetlands , such as peat bogs a...	acidic wetlands are global sources of the atmospheric greenhouse gases methane ( ch4 ) , and nitrous oxide ( n2o ) . consumption of both atmospheric gases has been observed in various acidic wetlands , but information on the microbial mechanisms underlying these phenomena is scarce . a substantial amount of ch4 is ...
both anomalous origin of the right coronary artery ( rca ) from the left coronary cusp or congenital long qt syndrome ( lqts ) are an important cause of sudden cardiac death , especially in young and healthy individuals . however , sudden cardiac death in a patient with these two disease entities has not yet been repor...	a 15-year - old female with a prior history of aborted cardiac death and surgical correction of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery ( rca ) presented with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia . her electrocardiogram after defibrillation was suggestive of congenital long qt syndrome ( lqts ) . the patient w...
recent studies of marine organisms have focused on their potential applications , particularly in the treatment of human diseases . several marine natural products are currently in pre - clinical and clinical evaluation , others show promising biological activities . one of them , sarcophytol a ( 1 ) , an oxygenate...	an effective method for the synthesis of 7,8-epoxy-1,3,11-cembratriene- 15r(),16-diol and its in vitro epstein - barr virus early antigen ( ebv - ea ) activation chemopreventive assay are reported . this semisynthetic product is a new cembranoid with a potent tumor inhibitory activity that is expected to be a lead co...
mice , including nod / lt mice for tail - tip fibroblasts isolation , were maintained in a specific pathogen - free animal facility under monash university approved ethics ( mmca2007/34 ) . an 1.5 cm length of tail - tip from 8-week - old male nod mice was washed with 70% ethanol and pbs , the superficial dermis was ...	objectivethe nod mouse strain has been widely used to investigate the pathology and genetic susceptibility for type 1 diabetes . induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) derived from this unique mouse strain would enable new strategies for investigating type 1 diabetes pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets . ...
	multivalent ions are known to allow for reversible cross - linking in soft biological materials , providing stiffness and extensibility via sacrificial bonds . we present a simple model where stiff nanoscale elements carrying negative charges are coupled in shear by divalent mobile cations in aqueous media . such a...
in 1994 , the metropolitan area environmental health service ( health service ) began a gastroenteritis outbreak surveillance program in the centers . this study was to determine the role of hucvs as a cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks from june 1 , 2000 , to january 30 , 2003 , in santiago , chile , by using recent...	human caliciviruses caused 45% of 55 gastroenteritis outbreaks occurring in santiago , chile , during 20002003 . outbreaks affected 99 persons , occurred most commonly in the home , and were associated with seafood consumption . thirteen outbreak strains sequenced were noroviruses , including 8 gii , 2 gi , and 3 b...
the primary risk factor for both alzheimer s disease ( ad ) and vascular dementia ( vad ) is age . the extension of life expectancy results in a rising number of patients with dementia and associated symptoms . the core syndrome of dementia , which serves as a key diagnostic feature , is cognitive impairment , but ...	purpose : to examine the effects of ginkgo biloba extract egb 761 on neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia.patients and methods : randomized , controlled , double - blind , multicenter clinical trial involving 410 outpatients with mild to moderate dementia ( alzheimer s disease with or without cerebrovascular disease ,...
polymethyl methacrylate ( pmma ) as denture base material has many advantages including adequate mechanical strength , esthetics , low toxicity , easiness of repair , and can be cured by simple procedures , therefore , pmma has been the most commonly used for fabricating denture base since it was developed in the mid-1...	purposethe aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is any typical deformation pattern existing in complete denture when it was dried by using the 3d scanner and surface matching program.materials and methodsa total of 28 denture bases were fabricated with heat curing acrylic resin ( each 14 upper and lower dent...
each year , 13 million or nearly one quarter of all deaths worldwide result from preventable environ - mental causes relating mainly to water , sanitation and hygiene ; indoor and outdoor pollution ; harmful use of chemicals such as pesticides ; and climate change16 . these risk factors , which are both avoidable and...	a substantial burden of communicable and non - communicable diseases in the developing countries is attributable to environmental risk factors . who estimates that the environmental factors are responsible for an estimated 24 per cent of the global burden of disease in terms of healthy life years lost and 23 per cent...
it is now well recognized that obesity and asthma are epidemiologically linked [ 14 ] . such a relationship is also seen between asthma and other markers of the metabolic syndrome such as insulin resistance and hypertension that can not be accounted for by increased body mass alone [ 47 ] . while both obesity and ast...	obesity , metabolic syndrome , and asthma are all rapidly increasing globally . substantial emerging evidence suggests that these three conditions are epidemiologically and mechanistically linked . since the link between obesity and asthma appears to extend beyond mechanical pulmonary disadvantage , molecular under...
the effect of cw laser light on the production of s and cl was studied . the s current was reduced by one order of magnitude with 100 mw of laser power . the sensitivity of accelerator mass spectrometry ( ams ) for a rare nuclide is limited by the ability to distinguish it from abundant neighboring masses and f...	graphical abstracthighlight the effect of cw laser light on the production of s and cl was studied . the s current was reduced by one order of magnitude with 100 mw of laser power . the cl current became enhanced . time structure and power dependence of the effect were investigated . the effect was successfull...
in japan , it is estimated that there are 43 million ( 23 million men and 20 million women ) hypertensive patients 1 . hypertension ( ht ) has been reported to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) , including heart disease and stroke 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . the stroke morbidity and mortality rates have been ...	key clinical messagewe previously started pharmacist blood pressure ( bp ) management programs using telemonitoring systems for monitoring side effects of antihypertensive drugs in a community pharmacy . the present case demonstrates that pharmacist bp management programs using telemonitoring systems are useful for m...
an inescapable fate of growing old is the gradual slowing of the cognitive and mental capacities . subjective complains start in the fifth or sixth decade of life , indicating the possibility that dementia comes in 2030 years earlier . even before the stage of sci , by 3 decade of life our cognitive function starts d...	the world population is becoming older now . the boom of the elderly population comes from public health efforts to improve living conditions and prevent disease , and from improved medical interventions . people more than 65-year - old who are representing 12.9% of the population now is expected to grow to be 19% ...
however , it often results in collateral damage to the surrounding of the primary tumor site . the most frequent complication after radiotherapy treatment for prostate cancer is radiation proctitis with incidence rates ranging from 2% to 39% . acute radiation proctitis occurs immediately or up to 3 months after the...	background . inflammation mediators related to radiation proctitis are partially elucidated , and neovascularization is thought to play a key role . objectives . to investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) and cd31 as angiogenetic markers in postradiation rectal tissue . methods . ...
cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is known to be the leading cause of mortality worldwide resulting in 17.1 million deaths , with 13 million deaths attributed to coronary heart disease and stroke alone ; of these , more than 80% of deaths has occurred in low- to middle - income countries . it is projected that by the ye...	background . we evaluated the prevalence and clustering pattern of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) related lifestyle factors and their association with cvd among patients with type 2 diabetes . we also examined the association of these factors with various socio - demographic characteristics . methods . a total of...
end stage renal disease ( esrd ) , the stage 5 of chronic kidney disease , normally requires dialysis or transplantation for survival . the burden of esrd in children is lesser as compared with adults ; however , if esrd occurs in children , consequences can be catastrophic . it should be pointed out that children ...	background . end stage renal disease ( esrd ) normally requires dialysis or transplantation for survival . since esrd patients are on long term dialysis , infections such as hepatitis b ( hbv ) and hepatitis c ( hcv ) are commonly reported . methods . this was a retrospective study carried out at a government hospi...
adipose tissue dysfunction relies on many and heterogeneous factors , including impaired secretory function , insulin resistance , and lipolysis , which are believed to be caused by the activation of inflammatory mechanisms . in turn , inflammation is activated as a consequence of excessive lipid uptake , adipocyte h...	background and aims . adipose tissue dysfunction results from many factors , including glycation - induced microvascular damages . we tested the usefulness of inhibiting methylglyoxal - induced glycation to adipose tissue microvasculature in this work , using the antioxidant and dicarbonyl scavenger drug pyridoxamine...
audiology is a field of study dealing with assessment , diagnoses , treatment , rehabilitation , and prevention of hearing and balance disorders . it is generally accepted that one of the main purposes of audiology is to improve human communication by providing audiology services and establishing an effective multi -...	the present report provides an overview of terminology studies in audiology including topics and study characteristics , as well as categorizing the main issues . the goals are to improve the understanding of the current issues for terminology in audiology and to provide some basic information that will be useful to ...
the leachate has to be treated in a downstream waste water treatment plant , and it is necessary to identify toxicity causative chemicals for the effective treatment . accordingly , methods were developed to assist in identifying effluent toxicants , and these methods are well known as a toxicity identification evalu...	toxicity identification evaluation ( tie ) phase i manipulations and toxicity test with d. magna were conducted on leachates from an industrial waste landfill site in japan . physicochemical analysis detected heavy metals at concentrations insufficient to account for the observed acute toxicity . the graduated ph a...
the index hpai - h5n1 was confirmed in nigeria at a commercial poultry farm in kaduna state , and , by the end of the initial outbreak , over 46,000 poultry [ 1 , 2 ] had been destroyed . this outbreak brought the asian strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza ( hpai ) h5n1 into africa for the first time in the be...	commercial layer - type , pullet , cockerel , and broiler chicken flocks infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza ( hpai ) h5n1 in nigeria between 2006 and 2008 were investigated for morbidity , mortality , and pathology . of the one hundred and fifty - three ( 153 ) farms confirmed with hpai infection , one h...
although typically thought to occur in older individuals , a hooked acromion causing shoulder impingement symptoms in younger populations is less recognized . this report illustrates a case of type iii acromial impingement in a younger athlete and the importance of early imaging in refining diagnosis . a 31-year - ...	down - sloped or hooked acromion morphologies may cause bony encroachment on the soft tissues of the subacromial space , predisposing to shoulder impingement syndrome . of the latter , a hooked or type iii acromion ( t3a ) has also been linked to rotator cuff ( rc ) pathology . however , as bony acromial impingement ...
sexual dysfunctions ( sds ) frequently affect the elderly and can lead to dissatisfaction with interpersonal relationships and have an adverse impact on overall well - being and mood . sds include erectile dysfunction , orgasmic dysfunction , lack of sexual desire , dissatisfaction with intercourse , etc . . among ...	sexual dysfunction ( sd ) is a health problem which occurs during any phase of the sexual response cycle that keeps the individual or couple from experiencing satisfaction from the sexual activity . sd covers a wide variety of symptoms like in men , erectile dysfunction and premature or delayed ejaculation , in women...
abuse of anabolic - androgenic steroids ( aas ) by the members of fitness centers and others has reached alarming dimensions . today , it is estimated that one to three million people has abused aas in the united states ( 1 - 3 ) . they induce the protein synthesis in cellular tissues , which results in the buildup...	background : anabolic - androgenic steroids ( aas ) abuse by the athletes has dramatically increased during the recent decades . these substances might increase the skin lipids and enhance the cutaneous microbial proliferation.objectives:the current study aimed to investigate the potential side effects of aas on the ...
his planned chemotherapy for myelodysplastic syndrome had been stopped a month before due to fungal infection of the orbit . the initial absolute neutrophil count was only 130/mm , and antibiotic therapy was initiated under the possibility of pneumonia or aggravation of orbital infection . even after 7 days of antibi...	we report a 72-year - old male with known myelodysplastic syndrome who presented to the emergency department with a 7-day history of fever and dyspnea . echocardiography revealed a round echogenic mass 1316 mm in size attached to the atrial side of the tricuspid valve . considering the high risk of infective endoca...
a stroke is often accompanied by secondary complications such as nutritional and metabolic disorders , endocrine dysfunction , mental problems , and cardiopulmonary disorders owing to neurological system and musculoskeletal system deficits associated with brain damage1 . among these complications , pulmonary di...	[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to examine the efficiency of chest resistance and chest expansion exercises for improving respiratory function and trunk control ability in patients with stroke . [ subjects ] forty patients with stroke were randomly allocated into a chest resistance exercise group ( cr...
congenital anomalies of the urachal remnant range from a diverticulum to a sinus or a patent urachal remnant extended from the bladder up to the umbilical fossa . the latter anomaly often induces inflammation along the tract and/or urine leakage from the umbilicus . the principal treatment of an urachal remnant is ...	highlightsabdominal wall - lift technique is a promising surgical option for patients with a symptomatic urachal remnant.the pfannenstiel incision provides a good view of the operative field as well as an excellent cosmetic outcome.urachal sinus excision using the abdominal wall - lift laparoscopy seems to surpass the ...
a harmony between the soft and hard tissues of the chin is necessary for an attracttive lower one - third and overall facial beauty . contemporary orthodontics aims to restore facial esthetics ; which is influenced by the facial hard and soft tissues . it has been reported that soft tissue profile is related to the...	objectives : this study was designed to assess the changes of the mandible of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with or without extraction of four premolars.materials and methods : eighteen class i bimaxillary protrusion patients treated with extraction of four first premolars and retraction of anterior teet...

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