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README.md
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π DigitConfuse-23k: A Synthetic Dataset of Digit Confusion Patterns
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...DigitConfuse-23k is a synthetic dataset containing 23,000 images of digit pairs designed to capture visual anomalies and confusion cases commonly encountered in OCR, CAPTCHA recognition, optical illusions and human digit interpretation tasks.
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...Each image contains two-digit numbers generated using the Humor-Sans font (font_size=32, cell_w=60, cell_h=40). For each confusion category, ~1000 images are included.
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π’ Categories of Digit Anomalies
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πΈ Digit shape confusion (similar glyphs) β 11 β 17, 21 β 27, 71 β 77
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π Mirror / rotation confusion β 69 β 96, 68 β 86, 89β98, 26 β 62
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π Closed vs. open loop confusion β 38 β 88, 98 β 99, 18 β 19, 56β58, 28β88
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βΏ Nearly identical when repeated β 88 β 89, 11 β 12, 55 β 56
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π Human OCR-like errors (CAPTCHA/OCR cases) β 47 β 17, 57 β 37, 12 β 72, 14 β 74
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π― Applications
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π§ͺ Benchmarking OCR systems
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π‘ Studying digit recognition robustness
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π Training models for noisy / CAPTCHA-like digits
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π¨ Anomaly detection in digit datasets
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βοΈ Technical Details
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π Total images: 23,000
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π Categories: 23 confusion pairs
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βοΈ Font: Humor-Sans.ttf
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π Font size: 32
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π Image cell size: 60 Γ 40 pixels, 2400x1000 image resolution
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π This dataset provides a controlled testbed for studying digit misclassification under visually ambiguous conditions.
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π¦ How to Use
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1οΈβ£ JSONL format (VQA-style for VLM testing) (merged_puzzles.jsonl)
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Each entry includes:
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πΌ image β file path
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π location β anomaly position (row, col)
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merged_puzzles.zip file contains all the images.
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π Suggested Use Cases
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π€ VLM evaluation β Test Qwen-VL, InternVL, LLaVA on fine-grained OCR tasks
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π OCR benchmarking β Compare CNN-based OCR vs. multimodal LLMs
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π Data augmentation research β Train models to handle ambiguity
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π΅οΈ Anomaly detection β Use confusion pairs as βhard negativesβ for OCR
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π§ͺ Real-World Testing with Ovis 2.5-9B (Latest Release)
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I evaluated a subset of images using Ovis 2.5-9B (released Aug 2025).
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πΌ Native-resolution ViT (NaViT) β preserves fine details for loop/ stroke differences
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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task_categories:
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- image-text-to-text
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language:
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- en
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size_categories:
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- 10K<n<100K
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---
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π DigitConfuse-23k: A Synthetic Dataset of Digit Confusion Patterns
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| 11 |
...DigitConfuse-23k is a synthetic dataset containing 23,000 images of digit pairs designed to capture visual anomalies and confusion cases commonly encountered in OCR, CAPTCHA recognition, optical illusions and human digit interpretation tasks.
|
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...Each image contains two-digit numbers generated using the Humor-Sans font (font_size=32, cell_w=60, cell_h=40). For each confusion category, ~1000 images are included.
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+
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+
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π’ Categories of Digit Anomalies
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πΈ Digit shape confusion (similar glyphs) β 11 β 17, 21 β 27, 71 β 77
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π Mirror / rotation confusion β 69 β 96, 68 β 86, 89β98, 26 β 62
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π Closed vs. open loop confusion β 38 β 88, 98 β 99, 18 β 19, 56β58, 28β88
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βΏ Nearly identical when repeated β 88 β 89, 11 β 12, 55 β 56
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π Human OCR-like errors (CAPTCHA/OCR cases) β 47 β 17, 57 β 37, 12 β 72, 14 β 74
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+
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+
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+
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π― Applications
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π§ͺ Benchmarking OCR systems
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| 27 |
π‘ Studying digit recognition robustness
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| 28 |
π Training models for noisy / CAPTCHA-like digits
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| 29 |
π¨ Anomaly detection in digit datasets
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| 30 |
+
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| 31 |
+
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βοΈ Technical Details
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π Total images: 23,000
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π Categories: 23 confusion pairs
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βοΈ Font: Humor-Sans.ttf
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π Font size: 32
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π Image cell size: 60 Γ 40 pixels, 2400x1000 image resolution
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+
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π This dataset provides a controlled testbed for studying digit misclassification under visually ambiguous conditions.
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+
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+
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π¦ How to Use
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1οΈβ£ JSONL format (VQA-style for VLM testing) (merged_puzzles.jsonl)
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Each entry includes:
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πΌ image β file path
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π location β anomaly position (row, col)
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merged_puzzles.zip file contains all the images.
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+
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+
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π Suggested Use Cases
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π€ VLM evaluation β Test Qwen-VL, InternVL, LLaVA on fine-grained OCR tasks
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π OCR benchmarking β Compare CNN-based OCR vs. multimodal LLMs
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π Data augmentation research β Train models to handle ambiguity
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π΅οΈ Anomaly detection β Use confusion pairs as βhard negativesβ for OCR
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+
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+
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π§ͺ Real-World Testing with Ovis 2.5-9B (Latest Release)
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I evaluated a subset of images using Ovis 2.5-9B (released Aug 2025).
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| 64 |
πΌ Native-resolution ViT (NaViT) β preserves fine details for loop/ stroke differences
|