Add CT-RATE findings + 137 leaf-label dataset (deduped splits, radiologist-validated test)

LABEL_HIERARCHY.md

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+# Final Chest Imaging Label Hierarchy with Clinical vs Other Counts
+
+Source: refined from the uploaded chest imaging label hierarchy.
+
+## Counting definitions
+
+- **Top-level sections** are the major anatomy/global sections. They are not counted as upper/container labels.
+- **Upper/container labels** are the first-level labels under each top-level section.
+- **Assignable leaf labels** are the actual model labels/findings under each upper/container label.
+- Every `*_others` label is counted twice structurally:
+  - once as an **upper/container label**, and
+  - once as an **assignable leaf label** under itself.
+- **Clinical finding leaf labels** are radiologic/pathologic/anatomic findings that can be clinically interpreted from chest CT.
+- **Other leaf labels** are non-primary clinical findings: `*_others` catch-all labels, study-quality/global labels, support devices/procedural hardware, and post-surgical/transplant/absent-organ status labels.
+- Some upper/container labels are **mixed** because they contain both clinical and other leaf labels. I keep these separate instead of forcing a misleading binary upper-label count.
+
+## Overall count summary
+
+| Count type | Count |
+|---|---:|
+| Top-level sections | 9 |
+| Upper/container labels, total | 46 |
+| Clinical-only upper/container labels | 24 |
+| Other-only upper/container labels | 11 |
+| Mixed clinical/other upper/container labels | 11 |
+| Assignable leaf labels, total | 137 |
+| Clinical finding leaf labels | 106 |
+| Other leaf labels | 31 |
+
+## Other leaf-label breakdown
+
+| Other leaf type | Count | Labels |
+|---|---:|---|
+| `*_others` catch-all labels | 9 | `Lungs & Airways_others`, `Pleura_others`, `Mediastinum & Hila_others`, `Cardiovascular_others`, `Chest Wall_others`, `Bones / Spine_others`, `Upper Abdomen_others`, `Lower Neck_others`, `Others_others` |
+| Study quality / global labels | 3 | Motion artifact / suboptimal study; Study limitation / limited evaluation (non-motion); No significant intrathoracic abnormality |
+| Support / device / procedural-status labels | 12 | Endotracheal tube; Tracheostomy tube; Chest tube / pleural drain; Nasogastric / orogastric tube; Coronary stent or bypass graft; Pacemaker / ICD leads; Central venous catheter / PICC; LVAD / other cardiac assist device; Biliary stent / catheter / drain; IVC filter; Breast implant (intact or present); Postoperative spine change / hardware |
+| Post-surgical / transplant / absent-organ status labels | 7 | Post-lobectomy / segmentectomy; Post-pneumonectomy; Lung transplant; Post-thoracotomy change; Post-cholecystectomy (gallbladder operated / absent); Nephrectomy (kidney absent / operated); Post-lumpectomy / post-mastectomy change |
+| **Total other leaf labels** | **31** | — |
+
+
+## Section-wise count table
+
+| Section | Upper total | Clinical-only upper | Mixed upper | Other-only upper | Leaf total | Clinical leaf | Other leaf |
+|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
+| Lungs & Airways | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 30 | 24 | 6 |
+| Pleura | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 8 | 2 |
+| Mediastinum & Hila | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 11 | 2 |
+| Cardiovascular | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 17 | 12 | 5 |
+| Chest Wall | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 2 |
+| Bones / Spine | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 11 | 2 |
+| Upper Abdomen | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 35 | 30 | 5 |
+| Lower Neck | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
+| Others | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 6 |
+| **Total** | **46** | **24** | **11** | **11** | **137** | **106** | **31** |
+
+
+## Dataset & split coverage (CT-RATE findings)
+
+One row per **unique CT-RATE findings report**; labels are ternary (`1`=positive, `0`=negative, `-1`=uncertain, `NaN`=not assessed). "Positive" below = value `1`. Splits are de-duplicated across each other at the report-text level (no `original_report` / `refined_report` appears in more than one split).
+
+### Findings counts by split
+
+| Split | Findings | No positive (any of 137 labels) | No clinical positive (of 106 clinical labels) |
+|---|---:|---:|---:|
+| train | 20,648 | 545 (2.6%) | 1,330 (6.4%) |
+| valid | 1,483 | 16 (1.1%) | 37 (2.5%) |
+| test | 1,483 | 40 (2.7%) | 101 (6.8%) |
+| **All** | **23,614** | **601 (2.5%)** | **1,468 (6.2%)** |
+
+- **No positive (any label):** the report has no `1` across all 137 leaf labels.
+- **No clinical positive:** no `1` among the **106 clinical** finding labels — the report may still be positive on an *other* label (`*_others`, study-quality, support/device, or post-surgical/status). Of the 1,468 such reports, **867** carry ≥1 *other*-type positive (e.g. normal-study / device-only) and the remaining **601** have no positive on any label.
+
+### Positive cells by clinical/other group
+
+Total positive label-assignments (`1`s), split across the 106 clinical vs 31 other leaf labels.
+
+| Split | Clinical positives (106) | Other positives (31) | Total |
+|---|---:|---:|---:|
+| train | 90,866 | 29,845 | 120,711 |
+| valid | 8,449 | 2,700 | 11,149 |
+| test | 6,942 | 1,976 | 8,918 |
+| **All** | **106,257** | **34,521** | **140,778** |
+
+> Note: `valid` was stratified to match `test` per-label **positive counts**, so it runs slightly denser in positives — its all-negative/normal share (1.1%) is lower than test's (2.7%).
+
+## Mixed upper/container labels
+
+These upper labels contain both clinical and other leaf labels:
+
+- Lungs & Airways → Trachea & Airways
+- Pleura → Pleural fluid / drain-related findings
+- Mediastinum & Hila → Esophagus / hiatus / enteric tube
+- Cardiovascular → Coronary arteries
+- Cardiovascular → Valves, vascular lines, and cardiac devices
+- Chest Wall → Post-surgical / tumor invasion
+- Bones / Spine → Degenerative / osseous lesions
+- Upper Abdomen → Gallbladder & biliary
+- Upper Abdomen → Kidneys / urinary tract
+- Upper Abdomen → Upper abdominal vessels
+- Others → Breast
+
+
+## Hierarchy
+
+### Lungs & Airways
+
+- Parenchymal / small-airways patterns
+  - Consolidation
+  - Ground-glass opacity (GGO)
+  - Crazy-paving pattern
+  - Mosaic attenuation / air-trapping
+  - Tree-in-bud
+  - Centrilobular nodules / bronchiolitis pattern
+- Nodules and masses
+  - Pulmonary nodule (solid / PSN / GGN)
+  - Pulmonary mass (>3 cm)
+  - Cavitary nodule / mass
+- Emphysema & cystic lung disease
+  - Emphysema
+  - Bullae / giant bulla
+  - Pulmonary cysts / cystic lung disease
+- Interstitial / fibrotic lung disease
+  - Reticulation / intralobular thickening
+  - Interlobular septal thickening
+  - Traction bronchiectasis / bronchiolectasis
+  - Honeycombing
+  - Parenchymal scarring / fibrotic band
+- Trachea & Airways
+  - Tracheal stenosis / malacia
+  - Tracheal / bronchial wall thickening
+  - Bronchiectasis
+  - Mucoid impaction / plugging
+  - Tracheal diverticulum
+  - Endotracheal tube
+  - Tracheostomy tube
+- Volume loss / hyperinflation
+  - Lobar / segmental atelectasis
+  - Subsegmental / linear atelectasis
+- Post-surgical / transplant status
+  - Post-lobectomy / segmentectomy
+  - Post-pneumonectomy
+  - Lung transplant
+- Lungs & Airways_others
+  - Lungs & Airways_others
+
+### Pleura
+
+- Pleural fluid / drain-related findings
+  - Pleural effusion
+  - Loculated pleural effusion
+  - Hemothorax
+  - Chest tube / pleural drain
+- Pleural air
+  - Pneumothorax
+  - Tension pneumothorax
+- Pleural thickening / masses
+  - Pleural thickening
+  - Pleural plaques
+  - Pleural nodule / mass
+- Pleura_others
+  - Pleura_others
+
+### Mediastinum & Hila
+
+- Lymph nodes
+  - Mediastinal lymphadenopathy
+  - Hilar lymphadenopathy
+  - Calcified mediastinal / hilar lymph nodes
+- Mediastinal masses / cysts
+  - Anterior mediastinal mass
+  - Middle / posterior mediastinal mass or cyst
+  - Thymic remnant / hyperplasia
+- Esophagus / hiatus / enteric tube
+  - Esophageal wall thickening / mass
+  - Hiatal hernia
+  - Esophageal dilation
+  - Nasogastric / orogastric tube
+- Air / fluid in mediastinum
+  - Pneumomediastinum
+  - Mediastinal hematoma / fluid collection
+- Mediastinum & Hila_others
+  - Mediastinum & Hila_others
+
+### Cardiovascular
+
+- Cardiac size and morphology
+  - Cardiomegaly
+- Pericardium
+  - Pericardial effusion
+  - Pericardial thickening / calcification
+- Coronary arteries
+  - Coronary artery calcification
+  - Coronary stent or bypass graft
+- Aorta / pulmonary artery
+  - Thoracic aortic calcification
+  - Thoracic aortic ectasia / dilation (non-aneurysmal)
+  - Thoracic aortic aneurysm
+  - Aortic dissection / intramural hematoma
+  - Main pulmonary artery enlargement
+  - Pulmonary embolism
+- Valves, vascular lines, and cardiac devices
+  - Aortic valve calcification
+  - Mitral annular calcification
+  - Pacemaker / ICD leads
+  - Central venous catheter / PICC
+  - LVAD / other cardiac assist device
+- Cardiovascular_others
+  - Cardiovascular_others
+
+### Chest Wall
+
+- Chest wall soft tissues
+  - Chest wall soft tissue edema / hematoma
+  - Subcutaneous emphysema
+  - Chest wall mass
+- Post-surgical / tumor invasion
+  - Post-thoracotomy change
+  - Chest wall tumor invasion
+- Chest Wall_others
+  - Chest Wall_others
+
+### Bones / Spine
+
+- Fractures
+  - Acute rib fracture
+  - Non-acute / healed rib fracture
+  - Sternal fracture
+  - Vertebral compression fracture
+- Degenerative / osseous lesions
+  - Degenerative spine changes
+  - Osteolytic bone lesion
+  - Osteosclerotic bone lesion
+  - Mixed osteolytic-osteosclerotic lesion
+  - Osteopenia
+  - Scoliosis / kyphosis
+  - Vertebral hemangioma
+  - Postoperative spine change / hardware
+- Bones / Spine_others
+  - Bones / Spine_others
+
+### Upper Abdomen
+
+- Liver
+  - Hepatic steatosis
+  - Focal liver lesion (nodule / mass)
+  - Hepatomegaly
+  - Liver contour irregularity / cirrhosis features
+  - Hepatic calcification
+- Gallbladder & biliary
+  - Cholelithiasis / gallstones
+  - Post-cholecystectomy (gallbladder operated / absent)
+  - Gallbladder wall thickening
+  - Hydropic gallbladder / distension
+  - Biliary sludge
+  - Biliary stent / catheter / drain
+- Spleen
+  - Splenomegaly
+  - Accessory spleen / splenule / polysplenia
+  - Focal splenic lesion (nodule / mass)
+- Pancreas
+  - Pancreatic mass / focal lesion
+  - Pancreatic lipomatosis
+- Adrenals
+  - Adrenal nodule / mass
+  - Adrenal thickening / hyperplasia
+  - Adrenal calcification
+- Kidneys / urinary tract
+  - Simple renal cyst
+  - Complex renal cyst / solid renal mass
+  - Hydronephrosis
+  - Renal calculi / nephrolithiasis
+  - Renal atrophy / decreased renal size
+  - Nephrectomy (kidney absent / operated)
+- GI & peritoneum
+  - Ascites
+  - Pneumoperitoneum
+  - Bowel wall thickening / inflammation
+  - Diverticulosis
+  - Omental caking / peritoneal carcinomatosis
+- Lymph nodes
+  - Abdominal lymphadenopathy
+- Upper abdominal vessels
+  - Abdominal aortic aneurysm (partially imaged)
+  - Abdominal aortic calcification / atherosclerosis (partially imaged)
+  - IVC filter
+- Upper Abdomen_others
+  - Upper Abdomen_others
+
+### Lower Neck
+
+- Thyroid
+  - Thyroid enlargement (goiter)
+  - Thyroid nodule
+- Neck nodes and soft tissues
+  - Cervical / supraclavicular lymphadenopathy
+  - Neck soft tissue mass
+- Lower Neck_others
+  - Lower Neck_others
+
+### Others
+
+> **Breast & Axilla** were originally intended as a separate top-level section. Because such
+> findings are relatively infrequent in CT-RATE, they were merged into **Others** rather than
+> kept as their own section. The individual breast/axilla leaf labels are retained below.
+
+- Breast
+  - Breast mass / focal asymmetry
+  - Post-lumpectomy / post-mastectomy change
+  - Breast implant (intact or present)
+- Axilla
+  - Axillary lymphadenopathy
+- Study quality / global
+  - Motion artifact / suboptimal study
+  - Study limitation / limited evaluation (non-motion)
+  - No significant intrathoracic abnormality
+- Others_others
+  - Others_others

README.md

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+---
+license: cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
+language:
+- en
+task_categories:
+- text-classification
+tags:
+- radiology
+- chest-ct
+- ct-rate
+- multi-label
+- report-labeling
+size_categories:
+- 10K<n<100K
+dataset_info:
+  features:
+  - name: original_report
+    dtype: string
+  - name: refined_report
+    dtype: string
+  - name: split
+    dtype: string
+  - name: Consolidation
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Ground-glass opacity (GGO)
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Crazy-paving pattern
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Mosaic attenuation / air-trapping
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Tree-in-bud
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Centrilobular nodules / bronchiolitis pattern
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pulmonary nodule (solid / PSN / GGN)
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pulmonary mass (>3 cm)
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Cavitary nodule / mass
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Emphysema
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Bullae / giant bulla
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pulmonary cysts / cystic lung disease
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Reticulation / intralobular thickening
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Interlobular septal thickening
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Traction bronchiectasis / bronchiolectasis
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Honeycombing
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Parenchymal scarring / fibrotic band
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Tracheal stenosis / malacia
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Tracheal / bronchial wall thickening
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Bronchiectasis
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Mucoid impaction / plugging
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Tracheal diverticulum
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Endotracheal tube
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Tracheostomy tube
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Lobar / segmental atelectasis
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Subsegmental / linear atelectasis
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Post-lobectomy / segmentectomy
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Post-pneumonectomy
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Lung transplant
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Lungs & Airways_others
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pleural effusion
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Loculated pleural effusion
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Hemothorax
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Chest tube / pleural drain
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pneumothorax
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Tension pneumothorax
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pleural thickening
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pleural plaques
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pleural nodule / mass
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pleura_others
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Mediastinal lymphadenopathy
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Hilar lymphadenopathy
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Calcified mediastinal / hilar lymph nodes
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Anterior mediastinal mass
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Middle / posterior mediastinal mass or cyst
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Thymic remnant / hyperplasia
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Esophageal wall thickening / mass
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Hiatal hernia
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Esophageal dilation
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Nasogastric / orogastric tube
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pneumomediastinum
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Mediastinal hematoma / fluid collection
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Mediastinum & Hila_others
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Cardiomegaly
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pericardial effusion
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pericardial thickening / calcification
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Coronary artery calcification
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Coronary stent or bypass graft
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Thoracic aortic calcification
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Thoracic aortic ectasia / dilation (non-aneurysmal)
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Thoracic aortic aneurysm
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Aortic dissection / intramural hematoma
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Main pulmonary artery enlargement
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pulmonary embolism
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Aortic valve calcification
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Mitral annular calcification
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pacemaker / ICD leads
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Central venous catheter / PICC
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: LVAD / other cardiac assist device
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Cardiovascular_others
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Chest wall soft tissue edema / hematoma
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Subcutaneous emphysema
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Chest wall mass
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Post-thoracotomy change
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Chest wall tumor invasion
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Chest Wall_others
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Acute rib fracture
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Non-acute / healed rib fracture
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Sternal fracture
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Vertebral compression fracture
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Degenerative spine changes
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Osteolytic bone lesion
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Osteosclerotic bone lesion
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Mixed osteolytic-osteosclerotic lesion
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Osteopenia
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Scoliosis / kyphosis
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Vertebral hemangioma
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Postoperative spine change / hardware
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Bones / Spine_others
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Hepatic steatosis
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Focal liver lesion (nodule / mass)
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Hepatomegaly
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Liver contour irregularity / cirrhosis features
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Hepatic calcification
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Cholelithiasis / gallstones
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Post-cholecystectomy (gallbladder operated / absent)
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Gallbladder wall thickening
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Hydropic gallbladder / distension
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Biliary sludge
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Biliary stent / catheter / drain
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Splenomegaly
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Accessory spleen / splenule / polysplenia
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Focal splenic lesion (nodule / mass)
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pancreatic mass / focal lesion
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pancreatic lipomatosis
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Adrenal nodule / mass
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Adrenal thickening / hyperplasia
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Adrenal calcification
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Simple renal cyst
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Complex renal cyst / solid renal mass
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Hydronephrosis
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Renal calculi / nephrolithiasis
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Renal atrophy / decreased renal size
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Nephrectomy (kidney absent / operated)
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Ascites
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Pneumoperitoneum
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Bowel wall thickening / inflammation
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Diverticulosis
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Omental caking / peritoneal carcinomatosis
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Abdominal lymphadenopathy
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (partially imaged)
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Abdominal aortic calcification / atherosclerosis (partially imaged)
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: IVC filter
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Upper Abdomen_others
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Thyroid enlargement (goiter)
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Thyroid nodule
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Cervical / supraclavicular lymphadenopathy
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Neck soft tissue mass
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Lower Neck_others
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Breast mass / focal asymmetry
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Post-lumpectomy / post-mastectomy change
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Breast implant (intact or present)
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Axillary lymphadenopathy
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Motion artifact / suboptimal study
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Study limitation / limited evaluation (non-motion)
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: No significant intrathoracic abnormality
+    dtype: int8
+  - name: Others_others
+    dtype: int8
+  splits:
+  - name: train
+    num_bytes: 58124167
+    num_examples: 20648
+  - name: valid
+    num_bytes: 4525829
+    num_examples: 1483
+  - name: test
+    num_bytes: 4196521
+    num_examples: 1483
+  download_size: 18881153
+  dataset_size: 66846517
+configs:
+- config_name: default
+  data_files:
+  - split: train
+    path: data/train-*
+  - split: valid
+    path: data/valid-*
+  - split: test
+    path: data/test-*
+---
+
+# CT-RATE Findings — Chest Imaging Leaf Labels
+
+Chest-CT **findings** from the [CT-RATE](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ibrahimhamamci/CT-RATE)
+dataset. Each row maps an **original findings report → a section-structured refined
+version**, plus a **137-label** ternary multi-label annotation over a chest-imaging taxonomy.
+
+- **Rows:** 23,614 unique CT-RATE findings reports (one row per report)
+- **Splits (report-text-level de-duplicated):** train 20,648 / valid 1,483 / test 1,483
+- **Labels:** 137 leaf labels (106 clinical + 31 other). Full taxonomy, definitions and per-split counts in **[`LABEL_HIERARCHY.md`](./LABEL_HIERARCHY.md)**.
+
+## Columns
+
+| Column | Type | Description |
+|---|---|---|
+| `original_report` | string | Original CT-RATE findings text (input) |
+| `refined_report` | string | Section-structured / cleaned findings (target; empty for 281 rows) |
+| `split` | string | `train` / `valid` / `test` |
+| *137 label columns* | int8 | Per-label status — see encoding below |
+
+### Label encoding (ternary)
+
+| Value | Meaning |
+|---:|---|
+| `1` | positive |
+| `0` | negative |
+| `-1` | uncertain |
+| `null` | not assessed for this report |
+
+## Notes
+
+- Splits are **de-duplicated across each other at the report-text level**: no
+  `original_report` or `refined_report` text appears in more than one split.
+- **Breast & Axilla** were originally intended as their own top-level section, but because
+  such findings are relatively infrequent in CT-RATE they were folded into the **Others**
+  section. The individual breast/axilla leaf labels are still present (under `Others`).
+- 281 rows have an empty `refined_report` (labels are still provided).
+- 601 reports (2.5%) have no positive on any label.
+- `IVC filter` is present for taxonomy completeness but is **entirely unlabeled** (all `null` — no positive, negative, or uncertain in any row).
+- Label names exactly match the hierarchy in **[`LABEL_HIERARCHY.md`](./LABEL_HIERARCHY.md)**.
+
+## Radiologist validation (test set)
+
+A radiologist manually reviewed **966 of the 1,483 test reports** (65.1%), comparing the
+assigned labels against the report:
+
+| Verdict | Reports | Share |
+|---|---:|---:|
+| Fully accepted | 857 | 88.7% |
+| Imperfect / uncertain but acceptable | 60 | 6.2% |
+| Failed | 49 | 5.1% |
+| **Reviewed** | **966** | **100%** |
+
+**Acceptable (accepted + borderline): 917 / 966 = 94.9%.** This is a spot-check of the
+weak-label quality on the held-out test split, not a re-annotation — the published labels are
+the original pipeline output, unchanged.
+
+## Provenance & caveats
+
+- **Weak labels, not radiologist ground truth.** Labels were generated by an LLM labeling
+  pipeline from the report text (not from images), then validated against the fixed taxonomy.
+- `refined_report` is an LLM-cleaned, section-structured rewrite of `original_report`.
+
+## License & attribution
+
+This dataset is a **derivative of [CT-RATE](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ibrahimhamamci/CT-RATE)**
+and is released under **CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0**, the same license as CT-RATE. The report text
+(`original_report`) originates from CT-RATE; the `refined_report` rewrite and the 137 leaf
+labels are added by this work.
+
+**If you use this dataset you must cite the original CT-RATE paper** (a requirement of the
+CC-BY-NC-SA attribution terms), in addition to this dataset:
+
+```bibtex
+@misc{hamamci2024ctrate,
+  title         = {A foundation model utilizing chest CT volumes and radiology reports
+                   for supervised-level zero-shot detection of abnormalities},
+  author        = {Hamamci, Ibrahim Ethem and others},
+  year          = {2024},
+  eprint        = {2403.17834},
+  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
+  primaryClass  = {cs.CV}
+}
+```
+
+Please confirm the canonical CT-RATE citation on the
+[official CT-RATE page](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ibrahimhamamci/CT-RATE).
+
+## Usage
+
+```python
+from datasets import load_dataset
+ds = load_dataset("chest2vec/chest2vec_labels")
+ds["test"][0]["original_report"]
+[k for k, v in ds["test"][0].items() if v == 1]   # positive labels for the first test report
+```

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