############################################################## ############################################################## ####### Replication code for "Do museums promote reconciliation? Evidence from a field experiment," Journal of Politics ####### This file includes code for all analyses and figures in the online appendix ############################################################## ############################################################## require("sandwich") require("plyr") require("lmtest") require(dplyr) require(gridExtra) require("RColorBrewer") require(ggplot2) ############################################################## ###### Read in data and establish main functions ############################################################## load(file = "all.Rdata") ### ATE FUNCTIONS ## # This estimates ATE when we have a pre-treatment measurement est.ate<-function(dv, predv, df){ predv <- f(predv) dv <- f(dv) summary(fit.1 <- lm(dv~df$treat + df$pre_ideology_1 + + predv*df$date_diff + df$base_gender +df$age + df$v)) vcv <- vcovHC(fit.1) n <- nobs(fit.1) result <- coeftest(fit.1, vcv)[2, 1:4] / itt.d result <- list("point.estimate" = result[1],"se"=result[2],"pvalue"=result[4], "obs" = n) return(result) } # This estimates ATE when we don't have a pre-treatment measurement est.ate.np<-function(dv, df){ dv <- f(dv) summary(fit.1 <- lm(dv~df$treat + df$pre_ideology_1 + df$base_gender +df$age+df$v)) vcv <- vcovHC(fit.1) n <- nobs(fit.1) result <- coeftest(fit.1, vcv)[2, 1:4] / itt.d result <- list("point.estimate" = result[1],"se"=result[2],"pvalue"=result[4], "obs" = n) return(result) } # this function recodes NAs to the mean, per our PAP f <- function(x){ m <- mean(x, na.rm = TRUE) x[is.na(x)] <- m x } ## recode covariates to means all$age <- f(all$age) all$pre_ideology_1 <- f(all$pre_ideology_1) all$base_gender <- f(all$base_gender) all$date_diff <- f(all$date_diff) # split dataset into left, right, and related to victim for heterogeneous analyses left <- all[all$right == 0,] right <- all[all$right == 1,] itt.d <- all$itt.d ############################################################## ###### Table A1: Number of respondents by condition ############################################################## # Note: we do not have data on those who did not show up or opted not to comply with their random assignment # completed by condition sum(all$treat==1) sum(all$treat==0) # first follow up by condition sum(all$f1[all$treat==1]) sum(all$f1[all$treat==0]) # second follow up by condition sum(all$f2[all$treat==1]) sum(all$f2[all$treat==0]) # third follow up by condition sum(all$f3[all$treat==1]) sum(all$f3[all$treat==0]) ############################################################## ###### Table A2: Covariate balance ############################################################## t.test(all$age~all$treat) t.test(all$base_gender~all$treat) t.test(all$pre_ideology_1~all$treat) t.test(all$v~all$treat) t.test(all$pre_political_interest~all$treat) t.test(all$pre_party_id~all$treat) t.test(all$pre_positive~all$treat) t.test(all$pre_negative~all$treat) t.test(all$pre_conf_gov~all$treat) ############################################################## ###### Table A3: Perceptions of museum by ideology ############################################################## t.test(all$mm_obj~all$right) t.test(all$mm_views_like~all$right) t.test(all$mm_views_content~all$right) t.test(all$mm_views_inhibit~all$right) t.test(all$mm_views_important~all$right) t.test(all$mm_new~all$right) ############################################################## ###### Table A5: Perceptions of inequality after visiting the MMDH ############################################################## est.ate(all$current_ineq, all$pre_current_ineq, all) ############################################################## ###### Table A6: Full regression results, Political institutions ############################################################## # See lines 64-72 in "BPV_museums_maintext.R" ############################################################## ###### Table A7: Full regression results, Political institutions by ideology ############################################################## # See lines 75-93 in "BPV_museums_maintext.R" # Interactions (final three columns of table) reproduced here est.ate.int<-function(dv, predv, df){ predv <- f(predv) dv <- f(dv) summary(fit.1 <- lm(dv~df$treat*df$pre_ideology_1+ + predv*df$date_diff + df$base_gender +df$age + df$v)) vcv <- vcovHC(fit.1) n <- nobs(fit.1) result <- coeftest(fit.1, vcv)[9, 1:4] / itt.d result <- list("point.estimate" = result[1],"se"=result[2],"pvalue"=result[4], "obs" = n) return(result) } est.ate.int(all$democracy, all$pre_democracy, all) est.ate.int(all$military_gov, all$pre_military_gov, all) est.ate.int(all$inst_gov, all$pre_inst_gov, all) est.ate.int(all$inst_mil, all$pre_inst_mil, all) est.ate.int(all$inst_police, all$pre_inst_police, all) est.ate.int(all$conf_gov, all$pre_conf_gov, all) est.ate.int(all$conf_mil, all$pre_conf_mil, all) est.ate.int(all$conf_police, all$pre_conf_police, all) est.ate.int(all$conf_church, all$pre_conf_church, all) ############################################################## ###### Table A8: Full regression results, Transitional justice ############################################################## # See lines 164-171 in "BPV_museums_maintext.R" ############################################################## ###### Table A9: Full regression results, Transitional justice by ideology ############################################################## # See lines 75-93 in "BPV_museums_maintext.R" # Interactions (final three columns of table) reproduced below est.ate.int.np<-function(dv, df){ dv <- f(dv) summary(fit.1 <- lm(dv~df$treat*df$pre_ideology_1+ + df$base_gender +df$age + df$v)) vcv <- vcovHC(fit.1) n <- nobs(fit.1) result <- coeftest(fit.1, vcv)[7, 1:4] / itt.d result <- list("point.estimate" = result[1],"se"=result[2],"pvalue"=result[4], "obs" = n) return(result) } est.ate.int.np(all$justice_advance, all) est.ate.int.np(all$justice_account, all) est.ate.int(all$current_recomp, all$pre_current_recomp, all) est.ate.int.np(all$tj_judicial, all) est.ate.int.np(all$tj_apology, all) est.ate.int.np(all$policies_apologize, all) est.ate.int.np(all$policies_compensate, all) est.ate.int.np(all$policies_pardon, all) ############################################################## ###### Table A10: Full regression results, emotions ############################################################## # See lines 261-297 in "BPV_museums_maintext.R" ############################################################## ###### Table A11: Number of respondents by condition ############################################################## # See code for A1, above ############################################################## ###### Table A12: Test for differential attrition ############################################################## ## F-test diff.att.full <- lm(all$observerd~(all$treat*all$right) +(all$treat*all$base_gender) + (all$treat*all$age) + (all$treat*all$v)) diff.att.1.full <- lm(all$f1~(all$treat*all$right) +(all$treat*all$base_gender) + (all$treat*all$age) + (all$treat*all$v)) diff.att.2.full <- lm(all$f2~(all$treat*all$right) +(all$treat*all$base_gender) + (all$treat*all$age) + (all$treat*all$v)) diff.att.3.full <- lm(all$f3~(all$treat*all$right) +(all$treat*all$base_gender) + (all$treat*all$age) + (all$treat*all$v)) diff.att.red <- lm(all$observerd~all$treat+all$right +all$base_gender+all$age + all$v) diff.att.1.red <- lm(all$f1~all$treat+all$right +all$base_gender+all$age + all$v) diff.att.2.red <- lm(all$f2~all$treat+all$right +all$base_gender+all$age + all$v) diff.att.3.red <- lm(all$f3~all$treat+all$right +all$base_gender+all$age + all$v) anova(diff.att.full, diff.att.red) anova(diff.att.1.full, diff.att.1.red) anova(diff.att.2.full, diff.att.2.red) anova(diff.att.3.full, diff.att.3.red) ############################################################## ###### Table A13: Differential attrition by pre-treatment covariates ############################################################## #age summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$age))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$age))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$age))) # gender summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$base_gender))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$base_gender))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$base_gender))) # ideology summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$pre_ideology_1))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$pre_ideology_1))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$pre_ideology_1))) # economic situation summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$pre_economic_situation))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$pre_economic_situation))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$pre_economic_situation))) # political interest summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$pre_political_interest))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$pre_political_interest))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$pre_political_interest))) # religiosity summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$pre_religion_importance))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$pre_religion_importance))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$pre_religion_importance))) # museum visits summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$totalmuseums))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$totalmuseums))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$totalmuseums))) # trust in the government summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$pre_conf_gov))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$pre_conf_gov))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$pre_conf_gov))) # satisfaction with the government summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$pre_inst_gov))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$pre_inst_gov))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$pre_inst_gov))) # inequality is a problem summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$pre_current_ineq))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$pre_current_ineq))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$pre_current_ineq))) # positive emotions summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$pre_positive))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$pre_positive))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$pre_positive))) #negative emotions summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$pre_negative))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$pre_negative))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$pre_negative))) ############################################################## ###### Table A14: Differential attrition by round 1 responses ############################################################## # pol institutions index summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$pol.inst.index))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$pol.inst.index))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$pol.inst.index))) # military gov summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$military_gov))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$military_gov))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$military_gov))) # tj index summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$tj.index))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$tj.index))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$tj.index))) # compensation summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$current_recomp))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$current_recomp))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$current_recomp))) # pardon summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$policies_pardon))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$policies_pardon))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$policies_pardon))) # negative emotions summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$negative))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$negative))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$negative))) # positive emotions summary(lm(f(all$f1)~f(all$positive))) summary(lm(f(all$f2)~f(all$positive))) summary(lm(f(all$f3)~f(all$positive))) ############################################################## ###### Table A15: Political institutions adjusted for multiple comparisons ############################################################## # conducted using results from "BPV_museums_maintext.R" and EGAP calculator - https://egap.shinyapps.io/multiple-comparisons-app/ # adjusted significance with Bejamini and Hochberg correction ############################################################## ###### Table A16: Transitional justice adjusted for multiple comparisons ############################################################## # conducted using results from "BPV_museums_maintext.R" and EGAP calculator - https://egap.shinyapps.io/multiple-comparisons-app/ # adjusted significance with Bejamini and Hochberg correction ############################################################## ######Table A17. General museum impressions by recoded ideology. ############################################################## # Split up by ideology ## RECODE FOR ROBUSTNESS HERE ## all$pre_ideology_1 <- f(all$pre_ideology_1) all$right <- ifelse(all$pre_ideology_1 > 5, 1,0) left <- all[all$right == 0,] right <- all[all$right == 1,] # mean values on dvs t.test(all$mm_obj~all$right) t.test(all$mm_views_like~all$right) t.test(all$mm_views_content~all$right) t.test(all$mm_views_inhibit~all$right) t.test(all$mm_views_important~all$right) t.test(all$mm_new~all$right) ############################################################## ######Table A18. Political institutions by recoded ideology ############################################################## dem.right <- est.ate(right$democracy, right$pre_democracy, right) mil.right <- est.ate(right$military_gov, right$pre_military_gov, right) gov_sat.right <- est.ate(right$inst_gov, right$pre_inst_gov, right) mil_sat.right <- est.ate(right$inst_mil, right$pre_inst_mil, right) pol_sat.right <- est.ate(right$inst_police, right$pre_inst_police, right) gov_trust.right <- est.ate(right$conf_gov, right$pre_conf_gov, right) mil_trust.right <- est.ate(right$conf_mil, right$pre_conf_mil, right) pol_trust.right <- est.ate(right$conf_police, right$pre_conf_police, right) church_trust.right <- est.ate(right$conf_church, right$pre_conf_church, right) dem.left <- est.ate(left$democracy, left$pre_democracy, left) mil.left <- est.ate(left$military_gov, left$pre_military_gov, left) gov_sat.left <- est.ate(left$inst_gov, left$pre_inst_gov, left) mil_sat.left <- est.ate(left$inst_mil, left$pre_inst_mil, left) pol_sat.left <- est.ate(left$inst_police, left$pre_inst_police, left) gov_trust.left <- est.ate(left$conf_gov, left$pre_conf_gov, left) mil_trust.left <- est.ate(left$conf_mil, left$pre_conf_mil, left) pol_trust.left <- est.ate(left$conf_police, left$pre_conf_police, left) church_trust.left <- est.ate(left$conf_church, left$pre_conf_church, left) ## interactions (for appendix) dem_int <- est.ate.int(all$democracy, all$pre_democracy, all) mil.int <- est.ate.int(all$military_gov, all$pre_military_gov, all) gov_sat.int <- est.ate.int(all$inst_gov, all$pre_inst_gov, all) mil_sat.int <- est.ate.int(all$inst_mil, all$pre_inst_mil, all) pol_sat.int <- est.ate.int(all$inst_police, all$pre_inst_police, all) gov_trust.int <- est.ate.int(all$conf_gov, all$pre_conf_gov, all) mil_trust.int <- est.ate.int(all$conf_mil, all$pre_conf_mil, all) pol_trust.int <- est.ate.int(all$conf_police, all$pre_conf_police, all) church_trust.int <- est.ate.int(all$conf_church, all$pre_conf_church, all) ############################################################## ######Table A19. Transitional justice by recoded ideology ############################################################## advance.right <- est.ate.np(right$justice_advance, right) justice_account.right <- est.ate.np(right$justice_account, right) compensation.right <- est.ate(right$current_recomp, right$pre_current_recomp, right) judicial.right <- est.ate.np(right$tj_judicial, right) inst_apology.right <- est.ate.np(right$tj_apology, right) apologize.right <- est.ate.np(right$policies_apologize, right) compensate.right <- est.ate.np(right$policies_compensate, right) pardoned.right <- est.ate.np(right$policies_pardon, right) advance.left <- est.ate.np(left$justice_advance, left) justice_account.left <- est.ate.np(left$justice_account, left) compensation.left <- est.ate(left$current_recomp, left$pre_current_recomp, left) judicial.left <- est.ate.np(left$tj_judicial, left) inst_apology.left <- est.ate.np(left$tj_apology, left) apologize.left <- est.ate.np(left$policies_apologize, left) compensate.left <- est.ate.np(left$policies_compensate, left) pardoned.left <- est.ate.np(left$policies_pardon, left) ############################################################## ###### Figure A3: Persistence of responses across treatment groups and ideologies ############################################################## # unrecode ideology # Split up by ideology ## RECODE FOR ROBUSTNESS HERE ## all$pre_ideology_1 <- f(all$pre_ideology_1) all$right <- ifelse(all$pre_ideology_1 > 4, 1,0) left <- all[all$right == 0,] right <- all[all$right == 1,] est.ate.np.f<-function(dv){ summary(fit.1 <- lm(dv~all$treat + all$pre_ideology_1 + all$base_gender +all$age+all$v)) vcv <- vcovHC(fit.1) n <- nobs(fit.1) result <- coeftest(fit.1, vcv)[2, 1:4] / itt.d result <- list("point.estimate" = result[1],"se"=result[2],"pvalue"=result[4], "obs" = n) return(result) } ## PARDON pardoned <- est.ate.np(all$policies_pardon, all) pardoned_f1<- est.ate.np.f(all$policies_pardon_f1) pardoned_f2 <- est.ate.np.f(all$policies_pardon_f2) pardoned_f3 <- est.ate.np.f(all$policies_pardon_f3) prop.table(table(all$policies_pardon[all$treat==1&all$right==1])) prop.table(table(all$policies_pardon_f1[all$treat==1&all$right==1])) prop.table(table(all$policies_pardon_f2[all$treat==1&all$right==1])) prop.table(table(all$policies_pardon_f3[all$treat==1&all$right==1])) all$pardon <- ifelse(all$policies_pardon==1|all$policies_pardon==0,0,1) all$pardon_f1 <- ifelse(all$policies_pardon_f1==1|all$policies_pardon_f1==0,0,1) all$pardon_f2 <- ifelse(all$policies_pardon_f2==1|all$policies_pardon_f2==0,0,1) all$pardon_f3 <- ifelse(all$policies_pardon_f3==1|all$policies_pardon_f3==0,0,1) pardon.df <- data.frame(all$pardon, all$pardon_f1,all$pardon_f2,all$pardon_f3,all$treat,all$right) pardon.df.treat.right <- pardon.df[pardon.df$all.treat==1&pardon.df$all.right==1,] pardon.df.treat.right$num <- rowSums(pardon.df.treat.right==1)-2 prop.table(table(pardon.df.treat.right$num)) pardon.df.treat.left <- pardon.df[pardon.df$all.treat==1&pardon.df$all.right==0,] pardon.df.treat.left$num <- rowSums(pardon.df.treat.left==1)-1 prop.table(table(pardon.df.treat.left$num)) pardon.df.control.right <- pardon.df[pardon.df$all.treat==0&pardon.df$all.right==1,] pardon.df.control.right$num <- rowSums(pardon.df.control.right==1)-1 prop.table(table(pardon.df.control.right$num)) pardon.df.control.left <- pardon.df[pardon.df$all.treat==0&pardon.df$all.right==0,] pardon.df.control.left$num <- rowSums(pardon.df.control.left==1) pardon.df.control.left$num <- factor(pardon.df.control.left$num, levels = c(0:4)) prop.table(table(pardon.df.control.left$num)) df <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) df$percent <- prop.table(table(pardon.df.control.left$num)) df$group <- "control left" df2 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) pardon.df.control.right$num <- factor(pardon.df.control.right$num, levels = c(0:4)) df2$percent <- prop.table(table(pardon.df.control.right$num)) df2$group <- "control right" df3 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) pardon.df.treat.right$num <- factor(pardon.df.treat.right$num, levels = c(0:4)) df3$percent <- prop.table(table(pardon.df.treat.right$num)) df3$group <- "treat right" df4 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) pardon.df.treat.left$num <- factor(pardon.df.treat.left$num, levels = c(0:4)) df4$percent <- prop.table(table(pardon.df.treat.left$num)) df4$group <- "treat left" pardon.df <- rbind (df,df2,df3,df4) ## trust church all$pre_conf_church <- ifelse(all$pre_conf_church==1|all$pre_conf_church==0,0,1) all$conf_church <- ifelse(all$conf_church==1|all$conf_church==0,0,1) all$conf_church_f1 <- ifelse(all$conf_church_f1==1|all$conf_church_f1==0,0,1) all$conf_church_f2 <- ifelse(all$conf_church_f2==1|all$conf_church_f2==0,0,1) all$conf_church_f3 <- ifelse(all$conf_church_f3==1|all$conf_church_f3==0,0,1) trust_church.df <- data.frame(all$conf_church, all$conf_church_f1,all$conf_church_f2,all$conf_church_f3,all$treat,all$right) trust_church.treat.right <- trust_church.df[trust_church.df$all.treat==1&trust_church.df$all.right==1,] trust_church.treat.right$num <- rowSums(trust_church.treat.right==1)-2 prop.table(table(trust_church.treat.right$num)) trust_church.treat.left <- trust_church.df[trust_church.df$all.treat==1&trust_church.df$all.right==0,] trust_church.treat.left$num <- rowSums(trust_church.treat.left==1)-1 prop.table(table(trust_church.treat.left$num)) trust_church.control.right <- trust_church.df[trust_church.df$all.treat==0&trust_church.df$all.right==1,] trust_church.control.right$num <- rowSums(trust_church.control.right==1)-1 prop.table(table(trust_church.control.right$num)) trust_church.control.left <- trust_church.df[trust_church.df$all.treat==0&trust_church.df$all.right==0,] trust_church.control.left$num <- rowSums(trust_church.control.left==1) trust_church.control.left$num <- factor(trust_church.control.left$num, levels = c(0:4)) prop.table(table(trust_church.control.left$num)) df <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) df$percent <- prop.table(table(trust_church.control.left$num)) df$group <- "control left" df2 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) trust_church.control.right$num <- factor(trust_church.control.right$num, levels = c(0:4)) df2$percent <- prop.table(table(trust_church.control.right$num)) df2$group <- "control right" df3 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) trust_church.treat.right$num <- factor(trust_church.treat.right$num, levels = c(0:4)) df3$percent <- prop.table(table(trust_church.treat.right$num)) df3$group <- "treat right" df4 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) trust_church.treat.left$num <- factor(trust_church.treat.left$num, levels = c(0:4)) df4$percent <- prop.table(table(trust_church.treat.left$num)) df4$group <- "treat left" churchtrust.df <- rbind (df,df2,df3,df4) ## satisfaction with government all$pre_inst_gov <- ifelse(all$pre_inst_gov==1|all$pre_inst_gov==0,0,1) all$inst_gov <- ifelse(all$inst_gov==1|all$inst_gov==0,0,1) all$inst_gov_f1 <- ifelse(all$inst_gov_f1==1|all$inst_gov_f1==0,0,1) all$inst_gov_f2 <- ifelse(all$inst_gov_f2==1|all$inst_gov_f2==0,0,1) all$inst_gov_f3 <- ifelse(all$inst_gov_f3==1|all$inst_gov_f3==0,0,1) inst_gov.df <- data.frame(all$inst_gov, all$inst_gov_f1,all$inst_gov_f2,all$inst_gov_f3,all$treat,all$right) inst_gov.treat.right <- inst_gov.df[inst_gov.df$all.treat==1&inst_gov.df$all.right==1,] inst_gov.treat.right$num <- rowSums(inst_gov.treat.right==1)-2 prop.table(table(inst_gov.treat.right$num)) inst_gov.treat.left <- inst_gov.df[inst_gov.df$all.treat==1&inst_gov.df$all.right==0,] inst_gov.treat.left$num <- rowSums(inst_gov.treat.left==1)-1 prop.table(table(inst_gov.treat.left$num)) inst_gov.control.right <- inst_gov.df[inst_gov.df$all.treat==0&inst_gov.df$all.right==1,] inst_gov.control.right$num <- rowSums(inst_gov.control.right==1)-1 prop.table(table(inst_gov.control.right$num)) inst_gov.control.left <- inst_gov.df[inst_gov.df$all.treat==0&inst_gov.df$all.right==0,] inst_gov.control.left$num <- rowSums(inst_gov.control.left==1) inst_gov.control.left$num <- factor(inst_gov.control.left$num, levels = c(0:4)) prop.table(table(inst_gov.control.left$num)) df <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) df$percent <- prop.table(table(inst_gov.control.left$num)) df$group <- "control left" df2 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) inst_gov.control.right$num <- factor(inst_gov.control.right$num, levels = c(0:4)) df2$percent <- prop.table(table(inst_gov.control.right$num)) df2$group <- "control right" df3 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) inst_gov.treat.right$num <- factor(inst_gov.treat.right$num, levels = c(0:4)) df3$percent <- prop.table(table(inst_gov.treat.right$num)) df3$group <- "treat right" df4 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) inst_gov.treat.left$num <- factor(inst_gov.treat.left$num, levels = c(0:4)) df4$percent <- prop.table(table(inst_gov.treat.left$num)) df4$group <- "treat left" govsat.df <- rbind (df,df2,df3,df4) ## satisfaction with democracy all$pre_democracy <- ifelse(all$pre_democracy==1|all$pre_democracy==0,0,1) all$democracy <- ifelse(all$democracy==1|all$democracy==0,0,1) all$democracy_f1 <- ifelse(all$democracy_f1==1|all$democracy_f1==0,0,1) all$democracy_f2 <- ifelse(all$democracy_f2==1|all$democracy_f2==0,0,1) all$democracy_f3 <- ifelse(all$democracy_f3==1|all$democracy_f3==0,0,1) democracy.df <- data.frame(all$democracy, all$democracy_f1,all$democracy_f2,all$democracy_f3,all$treat,all$right) democracy.treat.right <- democracy.df[democracy.df$all.treat==1&democracy.df$all.right==1,] democracy.treat.right$num <- rowSums(democracy.treat.right==1)-2 prop.table(table(democracy.treat.right$num)) democracy.treat.left <- democracy.df[democracy.df$all.treat==1&democracy.df$all.right==0,] democracy.treat.left$num <- rowSums(democracy.treat.left==1)-1 prop.table(table(democracy.treat.left$num)) democracy.control.right <- democracy.df[democracy.df$all.treat==0&democracy.df$all.right==1,] democracy.control.right$num <- rowSums(democracy.control.right==1)-1 prop.table(table(democracy.control.right$num)) democracy.control.left <- democracy.df[democracy.df$all.treat==0&democracy.df$all.right==0,] democracy.control.left$num <- rowSums(democracy.control.left==1) democracy.control.left$num <- factor(democracy.control.left$num, levels = c(0:4)) prop.table(table(democracy.control.left$num)) df <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) df$percent <- prop.table(table(democracy.control.left$num)) df$group <- "control left" df2 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) democracy.control.right$num <- factor(democracy.control.right$num, levels = c(0:4)) df2$percent <- prop.table(table(democracy.control.right$num)) df2$group <- "control right" df3 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) democracy.treat.right$num <- factor(democracy.treat.right$num, levels = c(0:4)) df3$percent <- prop.table(table(democracy.treat.right$num)) df3$group <- "treat right" df4 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) democracy.treat.left$num <- factor(democracy.treat.left$num, levels = c(0:4)) df4$percent <- prop.table(table(democracy.treat.left$num)) df4$group <- "treat left" democracy.df <- rbind (df,df2,df3,df4) ## military government military_gov.df <- data.frame(all$military_gov, all$military_gov_f1,all$military_gov_f2,all$military_gov_f3,all$treat,all$right) military_gov.treat.right <- military_gov.df[military_gov.df$all.treat==1&military_gov.df$all.right==1,] military_gov.treat.right$num <- rowSums(military_gov.treat.right==1)-2 prop.table(table(military_gov.treat.right$num)) military_gov.treat.left <- military_gov.df[military_gov.df$all.treat==1&military_gov.df$all.right==0,] military_gov.treat.left$num <- rowSums(military_gov.treat.left==1)-1 prop.table(table(military_gov.treat.left$num)) military_gov.control.right <- military_gov.df[military_gov.df$all.treat==0&military_gov.df$all.right==1,] military_gov.control.right$num <- rowSums(military_gov.control.right==1)-1 prop.table(table(military_gov.control.right$num)) military_gov.control.left <- military_gov.df[military_gov.df$all.treat==0&military_gov.df$all.right==0,] military_gov.control.left$num <- rowSums(military_gov.control.left==1) military_gov.control.left$num <- factor(military_gov.control.left$num, levels = c(0:4)) prop.table(table(military_gov.control.left$num)) df <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) df$percent <- prop.table(table(military_gov.control.left$num)) df$group <- "control left" df2 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) military_gov.control.right$num <- factor(military_gov.control.right$num, levels = c(0:4)) df2$percent <- prop.table(table(military_gov.control.right$num)) df2$group <- "control right" df3 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) military_gov.treat.right$num <- factor(military_gov.treat.right$num, levels = c(0:4)) df3$percent <- prop.table(table(military_gov.treat.right$num)) df3$group <- "treat right" df4 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) military_gov.treat.left$num <- factor(military_gov.treat.left$num, levels = c(0:4)) df4$percent <- prop.table(table(military_gov.treat.left$num)) df4$group <- "treat left" milgov.df <- rbind (df,df2,df3,df4) ## satisfaction with police all$pre_inst_police <- ifelse(all$pre_inst_police==1|all$pre_inst_police==0,0,1) all$inst_police <- ifelse(all$inst_police==1|all$inst_police==0,0,1) all$inst_police_f1 <- ifelse(all$inst_police_f1==1|all$inst_police_f1==0,0,1) all$inst_police_f2 <- ifelse(all$inst_police_f2==1|all$inst_police_f2==0,0,1) all$inst_police_f3 <- ifelse(all$inst_police_f3==1|all$inst_police_f3==0,0,1) inst_police.df <- data.frame(all$inst_police, all$inst_police_f1,all$inst_police_f2,all$inst_police_f3,all$treat,all$right) inst_police.treat.right <- inst_police.df[inst_police.df$all.treat==1&inst_police.df$all.right==1,] inst_police.treat.right$num <- rowSums(inst_police.treat.right==1)-2 prop.table(table(inst_police.treat.right$num)) inst_police.treat.left <- inst_police.df[inst_police.df$all.treat==1&inst_police.df$all.right==0,] inst_police.treat.left$num <- rowSums(inst_police.treat.left==1)-1 prop.table(table(inst_police.treat.left$num)) inst_police.control.right <- inst_police.df[inst_police.df$all.treat==0&inst_police.df$all.right==1,] inst_police.control.right$num <- rowSums(inst_police.control.right==1)-1 prop.table(table(inst_police.control.right$num)) inst_police.control.left <- inst_police.df[inst_police.df$all.treat==0&inst_police.df$all.right==0,] inst_police.control.left$num <- rowSums(inst_police.control.left==1) inst_police.control.left$num <- factor(inst_police.control.left$num, levels = c(0:4)) prop.table(table(inst_police.control.left$num)) df <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) df$percent <- prop.table(table(inst_police.control.left$num)) df$group <- "control left" df2 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) inst_police.control.right$num <- factor(inst_police.control.right$num, levels = c(0:4)) df2$percent <- prop.table(table(inst_police.control.right$num)) df2$group <- "control right" df3 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) inst_police.treat.right$num <- factor(inst_police.treat.right$num, levels = c(0:4)) df3$percent <- prop.table(table(inst_police.treat.right$num)) df3$group <- "treat right" df4 <- data.frame(waveschosen=c(0:4),percent=NA) inst_police.treat.left$num <- factor(inst_police.treat.left$num, levels = c(0:4)) df4$percent <- prop.table(table(inst_police.treat.left$num)) df4$group <- "treat left" police.df <- rbind (df,df2,df3,df4) p1 <- ggplot(data=pardon.df, aes(x=waveschosen, y=percent)) + geom_bar(stat="identity", width=0.5,colour="black") + facet_grid(. ~ group) + geom_text(data=pardon.df, aes(x = waveschosen, y = (percent + .05), label = paste0(round(percent*100,1),"%")), colour="black", size = 2.5) + theme_bw() + theme(axis.text.y=element_blank(), axis.ticks.y=element_blank(),strip.background =element_rect(fill="white")) + ggtitle("Support pardoning perpetrators") + xlab("Waves chosen") + ylab(NULL) p2<-ggplot(data=churchtrust.df, aes(x=waveschosen, y=percent)) + geom_bar(stat="identity", width=0.5,colour="black") + facet_grid(. ~ group) + geom_text(data=churchtrust.df, aes(x = waveschosen, y = (percent + .05), label = paste0(round(percent*100,1),"%")), colour="black", size = 2.5) + theme_bw() + theme(axis.text.y=element_blank(), axis.ticks.y=element_blank(),strip.background =element_rect(fill="white")) + ggtitle("Trust in church") + xlab("Waves chosen") + ylab(NULL) p3<-ggplot(data=govsat.df, aes(x=waveschosen, y=percent)) + geom_bar(stat="identity", width=0.5,colour="black") + facet_grid(. ~ group) + geom_text(data=govsat.df, aes(x = waveschosen, y = (percent + .05), label = paste0(round(percent*100,1),"%")), colour="black", size = 2.5) + theme_bw() + theme(axis.text.y=element_blank(), axis.ticks.y=element_blank(),strip.background =element_rect(fill="white")) + ggtitle("Satisfaction with government") + xlab("Waves chosen") + ylab(NULL) p4<-ggplot(data=democracy.df, aes(x=waveschosen, y=percent)) + geom_bar(stat="identity", width=0.5,colour="black") + facet_grid(. ~ group) + geom_text(data=democracy.df, aes(x = waveschosen, y = (percent + .05), label = paste0(round(percent*100,1),"%")), colour="black", size = 2.5) + theme_bw() + theme(axis.text.y=element_blank(), axis.ticks.y=element_blank(),strip.background =element_rect(fill="white")) + ggtitle("Satisfaction with Democracy") + xlab("Waves chosen") + ylab(NULL) p5<-ggplot(data=milgov.df, aes(x=waveschosen, y=percent)) + geom_bar(stat="identity", width=0.5,colour="black") + facet_grid(. ~ group) + geom_text(data=milgov.df, aes(x = waveschosen, y = (percent + .05), label = paste0(round(percent*100,1),"%")), colour="black", size = 2.5) + theme_bw() + theme(axis.text.y=element_blank(), axis.ticks.y=element_blank(),strip.background =element_rect(fill="white")) + ggtitle("Support for military government") + xlab("Waves chosen") + ylab(NULL) p6<-ggplot(data=police.df, aes(x=waveschosen, y=percent)) + geom_bar(stat="identity", width=0.5,colour="black") + facet_grid(. ~ group) + geom_text(data=police.df, aes(x = waveschosen, y = (percent + .05), label = paste0(round(percent*100,1),"%")), colour="black", size = 2.5) + theme_bw() + theme(axis.text.y=element_blank(), axis.ticks.y=element_blank(),strip.background =element_rect(fill="white")) + ggtitle("Satisfaction with Police") + xlab("Waves chosen") + ylab(NULL) grid.arrange(p1, p2,p3,p4,p5,p6, nrow = 3) #g <- arrangeGrob(p1, p2, p3,p4,p5,p6, nrow=3) #generates g ############################################################## ######Table A20. Political insitutions - dropping missing observations ############################################################## load(file = "all.Rdata") est.ate<-function(dv, predv, df){ summary(fit.1 <- lm(dv~df$treat + df$pre_ideology_1 + + predv*df$date_diff + df$base_gender +df$age + df$v)) vcv <- vcovHC(fit.1) n <- nobs(fit.1) result <- coeftest(fit.1, vcv)[2, 1:4] / itt.d result <- list("point.estimate" = result[1],"se"=result[2],"pvalue"=result[4], "obs" = n) return(result) } # This estimates ATE when we don't have a pre-treatment measurement est.ate.np<-function(dv, df){ summary(fit.1 <- lm(dv~df$treat + df$pre_ideology_1 + df$base_gender +df$age+df$v)) vcv <- vcovHC(fit.1) n <- nobs(fit.1) result <- coeftest(fit.1, vcv)[2, 1:4] / itt.d result <- list("point.estimate" = result[1],"se"=result[2],"pvalue"=result[4], "obs" = n) return(result) } # pol inst DVs dem <- est.ate(all$democracy, all$pre_democracy, all) mil <- est.ate(all$military_gov, all$pre_military_gov, all) gov_sat <- est.ate(all$inst_gov, all$pre_inst_gov, all) mil_sat <- est.ate(all$inst_mil, all$pre_inst_mil, all) pol_sat <- est.ate(all$inst_police, all$pre_inst_police, all) gov_trust <- est.ate(all$conf_gov, all$pre_conf_gov, all) mil_trust <- est.ate(all$conf_mil, all$pre_conf_mil, all) pol_trust <- est.ate(all$conf_police, all$pre_conf_police, all) church_trust <- est.ate(all$conf_church, all$pre_conf_church, all) ############################################################## ######Table A21. Transitional justice - dropping missing observations ############################################################## # TJ DVs advance <- est.ate.np(all$justice_advance, all) justice_account <- est.ate.np(all$justice_account, all) compensation <- est.ate(all$current_recomp, all$pre_current_recomp, all) judicial <- est.ate.np(all$tj_judicial, all) inst_apology <- est.ate.np(all$tj_apology, all) apologize <- est.ate.np(all$policies_apologize, all) compensate <- est.ate.np(all$policies_compensate, all) pardoned <- est.ate.np(all$policies_pardon, all) ############################################################## ######Table A22. Balance on measurements collected at baseline among # nonparticipants and participants ############################################################## # Note that not all subjects who eventually participated in our experiment completed the baseline - nonetheless, many did load(file = "baseline.Rdata") nonparticipants <- baseline[!(baseline$ID %in% all$ID),] participants <- baseline[(baseline$ID %in% all$ID),] t.test(participants$female, nonparticipants$female) t.test(participants$ideology, nonparticipants$ideology) t.test(participants$pinochet, nonparticipants$pinochet) t.test(participants$pinochet_london, nonparticipants$pinochet_london) t.test(participants$prosecution, nonparticipants$prosecution)