reference/thesaurus_stats.csv

code,label,keyword_chain,footnote_id,footnote_text,count
3.16,Proportionality,General Principles – Proportionality,,,1310
3.9,Rule of law,General Principles – Rule of law,,,968
3.17,Weighing of interests,General Principles – Weighing of interests,,,942
5.3.13.3,Access to courts,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Access to courts",117.0,"Including the right of access to a tribunal established by law; for questions related to the establishment of extraordinary courts, see also keyword 4.7.12.",928
5.1.4,Limits and restrictions,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Limits and restrictions,106.0,"The criteria of the limitation of human rights (legality, legitimate purpose/general interest, proportionality) are indexed in Chapter 3.",883
3.10,Certainty of the law,General Principles – Certainty of the law,44.0,Including maintaining confidence and legitimate expectations.,819
3.18,General interest,General Principles – General interest,47.0,Including compelling public interest.,772
5.3.21,Freedom of expression,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Freedom of expression,123.0,This keyword also includes the right to freely communicate information.,749
3.13,Legality,General Principles – Legality,45.0,Principle according to which general sub-statutory acts must be based on and in conformity with the law,678
3.4,Separation of powers,General Principles – Separation of powers,,,674
5.2,Equality,Fundamental Rights – Equality,108.0,Including all questions of non-discrimination.,653
5.3.32,Right to private life,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to private life,,,603
5.3.13,"Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial","Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial",,,559
3.12,Clarity and precision of legal provisions,General Principles – Clarity and precision of legal provisions,,,481
2.1.1.4.4,European Convention on Human Rights of 1950,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – European Convention on Human Rights of 1950,38.0,Including its Protocols.,473
5.3.39,Right to property,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to property,126.0,Including compensation issues.,469
5.3.1,Right to dignity,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to dignity,,,461
5.3.33,Right to family life,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to family life,125.0,Aspects of the use of names are included either here or under “Right to private life”.,444
5.3.39.3,Other limitations,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to property – Other limitations,,,410
3.20,Reasonableness,General Principles – Reasonableness,,,402
5.3.13.2,Effective remedy,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Effective remedy",,,389
4.5.2,Powers,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Powers,58.0,"Bicameral, monocameral, special competence of each assembly, etc.",367
5.3.13.1.3,Criminal proceedings,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Scope – Criminal proceedings",,,363
3.19,Margin of appreciation,General Principles – Margin of appreciation,,,354
3.22,Prohibition of arbitrariness,General Principles – Prohibition of arbitrariness,,,338
5.3.44,Rights of the child,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Rights of the child,,,331
5.4.6,Commercial and industrial freedom,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Commercial and industrial freedom",128.0,This should also cover the term freedom of enterprise.,329
5.3.32.1,Protection of personal data,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to private life – Protection of personal data,,,321
5.3.2,Right to life,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to life,,,312
2.1.3.2.1,European Court of Human Rights,Sources – Categories – Case-law – International case-law – European Court of Human Rights,,,309
5.3.13.17,Rules of evidence,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Rules of evidence",,,303
5.3.3,Prohibition of torture and inhuman and degrading treatment,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Prohibition of torture and inhuman and degrading treatment,,,295
5.4.19,Right to health,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Right to health",,,293
4.8.3,Municipalities,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Municipalities",80.0,And other units of local self-government.,284
5.2.2.1,Gender,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction – Gender,,,282
3.21,Equality,General Principles – Equality,48.0,"Only where not applied as a fundamental right (e.g. between state authorities, municipalities, etc.).",282
5.3.24,Right to information,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to information,,,281
5.1.1.3,Foreigners,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights – Foreigners,,,278
4.6.2,Powers,Institutions – Executive bodies – Powers,,,270
5.4.14,Right to social security,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Right to social security",,,267
5.3.18,Freedom of conscience,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Freedom of conscience,122.0,Covers freedom of religion as an individual right. Its collective aspects are included under the keyword “Freedom of worship” below.,259
2.3.2,Concept of constitutionality dependent on a specified interpretation,Sources – Techniques of review – Concept of constitutionality dependent on a specified interpretation,39.0,"Presumption of constitutionality, double construction rule.",252
5.3.5.1,Deprivation of liberty,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Individual liberty – Deprivation of liberty,,,251
5.3.13.22,Presumption of innocence,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Presumption of innocence",,,244
5.4.3,Right to work,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Right to work",,,243
5.3.42,Rights in respect of taxation,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Rights in respect of taxation,,,230
5.2.1.4,Elections,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Scope of application – Elections,110.0,"“One person, one vote”.",229
5.3.23,Rights in respect of the audiovisual media and other means of mass communication,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Rights in respect of the audiovisual media and other means of mass communication,,,226
5.3.27,Freedom of association,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Freedom of association,,,225
5.3.41.2,Right to stand for election,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Electoral rights – Right to stand for election,,,223
4.6.3.2,Delegated rule-making powers,Institutions – Executive bodies – Application of laws – Delegated rule-making powers,,,215
5.3.13.15,Impartiality,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Impartiality",121.0,Including challenging of a judge.,213
5.4.2,Right to education,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Right to education",,,210
1.3.1,Scope of review,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Scope of review,,,209
5.2.1.3,Social security,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Scope of application – Social security,,,208
5.3.13.13,Trial/decision within reasonable time,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Trial/decision within reasonable time",,,202
3.14,"Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege","General Principles – Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege",46.0,Prohibition of punishment without proper legal base.,202
5.3.13.14,Independence,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Independence",,,200
5.3.41.1,Right to vote,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Electoral rights – Right to vote,,,200
5.3.20,Freedom of worship,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Freedom of worship,,,200
5.1.3,Positive obligation of the state,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Positive obligation of the state,,,199
5.3.13.6,Right to a hearing,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Right to a hearing",,,198
4.8.4.1,Autonomy,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Basic principles – Autonomy",,,196
5.3.5,Individual liberty,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Individual liberty,113.0,"This keyword also covers “Personal liberty”. It includes for example identity checking, personal search and administrative arrest.",195
3.3,Democracy,General Principles – Democracy,,,195
5.2.1.1,Public burdens,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Scope of application – Public burdens,109.0,Taxes and other duties towards the state.,195
5.2.2,Criteria of distinction,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction,,,194
3.5,Social State,General Principles – Social State,41.0,Includes the principle of social justice.,194
5.3.4,Right to physical and psychological integrity,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to physical and psychological integrity,,,190
4.7.1,Jurisdiction,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Jurisdiction,,,189
3.7,Relations between the State and bodies of a religious or ideological nature,General Principles – Relations between the State and bodies of a religious or ideological nature,43.0,"Separation of Church and State, State subsidisation and recognition of churches, secular nature, etc.",187
5.3.17,Right to compensation for damage caused by the State,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to compensation for damage caused by the State,,,186
5.3.9,Right of residence,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right of residence,116.0,May include questions of expulsion and extradition.,180
1.3.5.5,Laws and other rules having the force of law,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Laws and other rules having the force of law,,,179
2.1.1.1.1,Constitution,Sources – Categories – Written rules – National rules – Constitution,,,178
5.3.13.18,Reasoning,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Reasoning",,,176
2.1.1.4,International instruments,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments,,,175
5.3.31,Right to respect for one's honour and reputation,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to respect for one's honour and reputation,,,175
5.4.4,Freedom to choose one's profession,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Freedom to choose one's profession",127.0,This keyword also covers “Freedom of work”.,174
5.3.5.1.3,Detention pending trial,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Individual liberty – Deprivation of liberty – Detention pending trial,,,171
4.7.2,Procedure,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Procedure,,,170
5.1.1.4.3,Detainees,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights – Natural persons – Detainees,,,170
5.4.16,Right to a pension,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Right to a pension",,,169
1.4.9.1,Locus standi,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Parties – Locus standi,32.0,May be used in combination with Chapter 1.2. Types of claim.,167
3.3.1,Representative democracy,General Principles – Democracy – Representative democracy,,,165
5.3.6,Freedom of movement,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Freedom of movement,115.0,Including questions related to the granting of passports or other travel documents.,165
1.2.3,Referral by a court,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Referral by a court,13.0,Referrals of preliminary questions in particular.,164
2.1.1.3,Law of the European Union/EU Law,Sources – Categories – Written rules – Law of the European Union/EU Law,,,162
5.3.22,Freedom of the written press,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Freedom of the written press,,,162
5.2.2.4,Citizenship or nationality,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction – Citizenship or nationality,111.0,"According to the European Convention on Nationality of 1997, ETS no. 166, “‘nationality’ means the legal bond between a person and a state and does not indicate the person’s ethnic origin” (Article 2) and “… with regard to the effects of the Convention, the terms ‘nationality’ and ‘citizenship’ are synonymous” (paragraph 23, Explanatory Memorandum).",157
5.5.1,Right to the environment,Fundamental Rights – Collective rights – Right to the environment,,,156
5.1.1.4.1,Minors,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights – Natural persons – Minors,105.0,"For rights of the child, see 5.3.44.",153
4.10.7.1,Principles,Institutions – Public finances – Taxation – Principles,,,153
4.5.6,Law-making procedure,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Law-making procedure,66.0,"For the publication of laws, see 3.15.",151
5.3.13.27,Right to counsel,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Right to counsel",,,150
4.5.11,Status of members of legislative bodies,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Status of members of legislative bodies,67.0,"For example, incompatibilities arising during the term of office, parliamentary immunity, exemption from prosecution and others. For questions of eligibility, see 4.9.5.",150
5.3.41,Electoral rights,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Electoral rights,,,148
1.6.2,Determination of effects by the court,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Determination of effects by the court,,,147
1.3.4.5,Electoral disputes,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Electoral disputes,19.0,"For questions other than jurisdiction, see 4.9.",147
5.3.13.19,Equality of arms,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Equality of arms",,,139
5.3.39.1,Expropriation,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to property – Expropriation,,,139
5.3.13.4,Double degree of jurisdiction,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Double degree of jurisdiction",119.0,This keyword covers the right of appeal to a court.,137
5.1.1.3.1,Refugees and applicants for refugee status,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights – Foreigners – Refugees and applicants for refugee status,,,137
5.3.45,Protection of minorities and persons belonging to minorities,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Protection of minorities and persons belonging to minorities,,,135
1.4.9.2,Interest,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Parties – Interest,,,133
5.2.2.6,Religion,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction – Religion,,,129
5.3.28,Freedom of assembly,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Freedom of assembly,,,129
3.1,Sovereignty,General Principles – Sovereignty,,,129
4.10.2,Budget,Institutions – Public finances – Budget,,,127
5.2.2.11,Sexual orientation,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction – Sexual orientation,,,127
3.11,Vested and/or acquired rights,General Principles – Vested and/or acquired rights,,,125
5.3.19,Freedom of opinion,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Freedom of opinion,,,125
4.11.1,Armed forces,"Institutions – Armed forces, police forces and secret services – Armed forces",,,125
5.3.14,Ne bis in idem,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Ne bis in idem,,,125
5.3.5.1.1,Arrest,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Individual liberty – Deprivation of liberty – Arrest,114.0,Detention by police.,124
4.11.2,Police forces,"Institutions – Armed forces, police forces and secret services – Police forces",,,124
4.10.7,Taxation,Institutions – Public finances – Taxation,,,123
4.9.2,Referenda and other instruments of direct democracy,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Referenda and other instruments of direct democracy,83.0,Including other consultations.,123
1.3.4.1,Litigation in respect of fundamental rights and freedoms,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Litigation in respect of fundamental rights and freedoms,,,121
1.3.5.15,Failure to act or to pass legislation,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Failure to act or to pass legislation,28.0,Unconstitutionality by omission.,121
1.1.4.4,Courts,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Relations with other institutions – Courts,,,119
5.3.29.1,Right to participate in political activity,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to participate in public affairs – Right to participate in political activity,,,117
5.2.1.2.2,In public law,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Scope of application – Employment – In public law,,,116
5.3.13.1.2,Civil proceedings,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Scope – Civil proceedings",,,113
3.25,Market economy,General Principles – Market economy,50.0,Including prohibition on monopolies.,112
5.3.35,Inviolability of the home,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Inviolability of the home,,,112
4.5.7,Relations with the executive bodies,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Relations with the executive bodies,,,111
5.4.11,Freedom of trade unions,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Freedom of trade unions",129.0,"Includes rights of the individual with respect to trade unions, rights of trade unions and the right to conclude collective labour agreements.",111
5.4.18,Right to a sufficient standard of living,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Right to a sufficient standard of living",,,111
5.3.11,Right of asylum,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right of asylum,,,110
2.1.1.4.8,International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966,,,110
5.3.38,Non-retrospective effect of law,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Non-retrospective effect of law,,,110
4.9.7.2,Registration of parties and candidates,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Preliminary procedures – Registration of parties and candidates,88.0,"For the creation of political parties, see 4.5.10.1.",108
1.3.2.2,Abstract / concrete review,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Type of review – Abstract / concrete review,,,107
5.2.1.2,Employment,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Scope of application – Employment,,,105
5.3.38.1,Criminal law,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Non-retrospective effect of law – Criminal law,,,105
1.3.5.12,Court decisions,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Court decisions,,,104
5.1.5,Emergency situations,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Emergency situations,107.0,Includes questions of the suspension of rights. See also 4.18.,103
3.26,Fundamental principles of the Internal Market,General Principles – Fundamental principles of the Internal Market,51.0,"For sincere co-operation and subsidiarity see 4.17.2.1 and 4.17.2.2, respectively.",103
1.3.5.1,International treaties,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – International treaties,,,103
4.9.3,Electoral system,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Electoral system,85.0,"Proportional, majority, preferential, single-member constituencies, etc.",102
5.2.2.7,Age,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction – Age,,,101
5.4.8,Freedom of contract,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Freedom of contract",,,101
5.2.2.12,Civil status,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction – Civil status,112.0,"For example, discrimination between married and single persons.",99
5.3.12,Security of the person,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Security of the person,,,98
4.5.8,Relations with judicial bodies,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Relations with judicial bodies,,,98
5.2.2.8,Physical or mental disability,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction – Physical or mental disability,,,97
5.4.9,Right of access to the public service,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Right of access to the public service",,,97
4.8.8.2.1,Distribution ratione materiae,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Distribution of powers – Implementation – Distribution ratione materiae",,,96
2.1.3.1,Domestic case-law,Sources – Categories – Case-law – Domestic case-law,,,95
1.3.2.1,Preliminary / ex post facto review,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Type of review – Preliminary / ex post facto review,,,95
5.3.5.1.2,Non-penal measures,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Individual liberty – Deprivation of liberty – Non-penal measures,,,95
5.2.2.3,Ethnic origin,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction – Ethnic origin,,,95
5.3.33.1,Descent,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to family life – Descent,,,94
1.6.7,Influence on State organs,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Influence on State organs,,,94
5.3.15,Rights of victims of crime,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Rights of victims of crime,,,93
1.3.4.2,Distribution of powers between State authorities,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Distribution of powers between State authorities,16.0,Horizontal distribution of powers.,92
4.7.9,Administrative courts,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Administrative courts,,,92
5.3.13.23.1,Right not to incriminate oneself,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Right to remain silent – Right not to incriminate oneself",,,91
5.4.13,Right to housing,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Right to housing",,,91
4.5.10,Political parties,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Political parties,,,90
4.9.5,Eligibility,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Eligibility,87.0,"For aspects related to fundamental rights, see 5.3.41.2.",89
2.1.2.2,General principles of law,Sources – Categories – Unwritten rules – General principles of law,,,89
4.5.3.1,Election of members,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Composition – Election of members,,,88
4.6.9,The civil service,Institutions – Executive bodies – The civil service,72.0,"Civil servants, administrators, etc.",88
4.8.8,Distribution of powers,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Distribution of powers",,,87
2.2.2.2,The Constitution and other sources of domestic law,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national sources – The Constitution and other sources of domestic law,,,86
5.4.17,Right to just and decent working conditions,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Right to just and decent working conditions",,,85
5.3.39.4,Privatisation,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to property – Privatisation,,,85
5.3.13.20,Adversarial principle,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Adversarial principle",,,85
5.4.5,Freedom to work for remuneration,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Freedom to work for remuneration",,,85
4.17.2,Distribution of powers between the EU and member states,Institutions – European Union – Distribution of powers between the EU and member states,,,84
4.18,State of emergency and emergency powers,Institutions – State of emergency and emergency powers,103.0,"Including state of war, martial law, declared natural disasters, etc.; for human rights aspects, see also keyword 5.1.4.1.",82
4.16.1,Transfer of powers to international institutions,Institutions – International relations – Transfer of powers to international institutions,,,80
5.3.13.9,Public hearings,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Public hearings",,,80
4.6.6,Relations with judicial bodies,Institutions – Executive bodies – Relations with judicial bodies,,,80
4.7.4.1.2,Appointment,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Members – Appointment,,,79
5.1.1.4.2,Incapacitated,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights – Natural persons – Incapacitated,,,79
4.7.5,Supreme Judicial Council or equivalent body,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Supreme Judicial Council or equivalent body,77.0,"For example, Judicial Service Commission, Haut Conseil de la Justice, etc.",78
4.9.8,Electoral campaign and campaign material,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Electoral campaign and campaign material,90.0,"Tracts, letters, press, radio and television, posters, nominations, etc.",78
5.3.13.1.4,Litigious administrative proceedings,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Scope – Litigious administrative proceedings",,,78
5.1.1.2,Citizens of the European Union and non-citizens with similar status,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights – Citizens of the European Union and non-citizens with similar status,,,77
5.3.34,Right to marriage,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to marriage,,,77
1.5.4.3,Finding of constitutionality or unconstitutionality,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Types – Finding of constitutionality or unconstitutionality,35.0,"For questions of constitutionality dependent on a specified interpretation, use 2.3.2.",77
2.2.1.1,Treaties and constitutions,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national and non-national sources – Treaties and constitutions,,,77
5.3.8,Right to citizenship or nationality,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to citizenship or nationality,,,77
5.3.13.8,Right of access to the file,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Right of access to the file",,,77
1.3.5.3,Constitution,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Constitution,23.0,As understood in private international law.,76
5.3.13.7,Right to participate in the administration of justice,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Right to participate in the administration of justice",120.0,Including the right to be present at hearing.,75
2.1.3.2.2,Court of Justice of the European Union,Sources – Categories – Case-law – International case-law – Court of Justice of the European Union,,,75
1.3.4.3,Distribution of powers between central government and federal or regional entities,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Distribution of powers between central government and federal or regional entities,17.0,"Vertical distribution of powers, particularly in respect of states of a federal or regionalised nature.",75
2.3.9,Teleological interpretation,Sources – Techniques of review – Teleological interpretation,,,75
4.7.7,Supreme court,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Supreme court,,,74
1.3.5.10,Rules issued by the executive,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Rules issued by the executive,,,74
1.6.5.5,Postponement of temporal effect,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Temporal effect – Postponement of temporal effect,,,73
4.5.4.1,Rules of procedure,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Organisation – Rules of procedure,,,73
4.9.1,Competent body for the organisation and control of voting,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Competent body for the organisation and control of voting,82.0,Organs of control and supervision.,72
4.4.3.1,Relations with legislative bodies,Institutions – Head of State – Powers – Relations with legislative bodies,53.0,"For example, presidential messages, requests for further debating of a law, right of legislative veto, dissolution.",72
4.8.2,Regions and provinces,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Regions and provinces",,,72
5.2.3,Affirmative action,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Affirmative action,,,72
4.7.4.3,Prosecutors / State counsel,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Prosecutors / State counsel,76.0,Notwithstanding the question to which to branch of state power the prosecutor belongs.,72
5.3.13.3.2,Habeas corpus,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Access to courts – Habeas corpus",,,72
5.2.1,Scope of application,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Scope of application,,,72
2.3.8,Systematic interpretation,Sources – Techniques of review – Systematic interpretation,,,70
4.7.8.2,Criminal courts,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Ordinary courts – Criminal courts,,,70
1.1.4.2,Legislative bodies,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Relations with other institutions – Legislative bodies,,,70
5.1.4.2,General/special clause of limitation,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Limits and restrictions – General/special clause of limitation,,,69
5.3.13.1.5,Non-litigious administrative proceedings,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Scope – Non-litigious administrative proceedings",,,68
2.2.1.2,Treaties and legislative acts,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national and non-national sources – Treaties and legislative acts,,,67
5.3.36.2,Telephonic communications,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Inviolability of communications – Telephonic communications,,,67
2.3.6,Historical interpretation,Sources – Techniques of review – Historical interpretation,,,67
4.8.4,Basic principles,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Basic principles",,,66
3.3.3,Pluralist democracy,General Principles – Democracy – Pluralist democracy,40.0,Including the principle of a multi-party system.,65
4.7.4.1.6,Status,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Members – Status,,,65
1.3.5.13,Administrative acts,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Administrative acts,,,65
1.2.2.1,Natural person,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a private body or individual – Natural person,,,64
4.4.3,Powers,Institutions – Head of State – Powers,,,64
5.3.13.28,Right to examine witnesses,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Right to examine witnesses",,,63
5.3.25.1,Right of access to administrative documents,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to administrative transparency – Right of access to administrative documents,,,62
1.4.4,Exhaustion of remedies,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Exhaustion of remedies,,,62
5.1.1.4,Natural persons,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights – Natural persons,,,62
1.2.1.2,Legislative bodies,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a public body – Legislative bodies,,,61
4.9.4,Constituencies,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Constituencies,,,61
4.8.8.1,Principles and methods,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Distribution of powers – Principles and methods",,,61
4.7.1.1,Exclusive jurisdiction,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Jurisdiction – Exclusive jurisdiction,,,60
4.7.3,Decisions,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Decisions,,,59
5.3.43,Right to self fulfilment,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to self fulfilment,,,59
2.2.2,Hierarchy as between national sources,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national sources,,,59
1.6.3,Effect erga omnes,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Effect erga omnes,,,58
5.3.13.1,Scope,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Scope",,,58
4.4.3.2,Relations with the executive bodies,Institutions – Head of State – Powers – Relations with the executive bodies,54.0,"For example, nomination of members of the government, chairing of Cabinet sessions, countersigning.",58
2.1.1.1,National rules,Sources – Categories – Written rules – National rules,,,57
4.8.8.3,Supervision,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Distribution of powers – Supervision",,,57
2.2.1.6.5,"Direct effect, primacy and the uniform application of EU Law","Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national and non-national sources – Law of the European Union/EU Law and domestic law – Direct effect, primacy and the uniform application of EU Law",,,57
5.4.1,Freedom to teach,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Freedom to teach",,,57
1.3.5.9,Parliamentary rules,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Parliamentary rules,,,57
3.15,Publication of laws,General Principles – Publication of laws,,,57
2.2.1.5,European Convention on Human Rights and non-constitutional domestic legal instruments,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national and non-national sources – European Convention on Human Rights and non-constitutional domestic legal instruments,,,57
5.4.10,Right to strike,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Right to strike",,,56
4.7.4.3.1,Powers,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Prosecutors / State counsel – Powers,,,56
4.7.6,Relations with bodies of international jurisdiction,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Relations with bodies of international jurisdiction,,,56
2.1.1.4.18,Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union of 2000,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union of 2000,,,56
5.3.38.4,Taxation law,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Non-retrospective effect of law – Taxation law,,,56
4.5.2.1,Competences with respect to international agreements,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Powers – Competences with respect to international agreements,,,55
3.6.3,Federal State,General Principles – Structure of the State – Federal State,,,55
4.14,Activities and duties assigned to the State by the Constitution,Institutions – Activities and duties assigned to the State by the Constitution,101.0,Staatszielbestimmungen.,55
4.10.1,Principles,Institutions – Public finances – Principles,,,55
4.3.1,Official language(s),Institutions – Languages – Official language(s),,,54
5.3.40,Linguistic freedom,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Linguistic freedom,,,54
4.5.6.4,Right of amendment,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Law-making procedure – Right of amendment,,,54
5.2.1.2.1,In private law,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Scope of application – Employment – In private law,,,53
2.2.2.1,Hierarchy emerging from the Constitution,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national sources – Hierarchy emerging from the Constitution,,,53
5.4.7,Consumer protection,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Consumer protection",,,53
4.17.2.1,Sincere co-operation between EU institutions and member States,Institutions – European Union – Distribution of powers between the EU and member states – Sincere co-operation between EU institutions and member States,,,53
5.1.1,Entitlement to rights,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights,,,53
5.3.33.2,Succession,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to family life – Succession,,,52
5.3.36.3,Electronic communications,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Inviolability of communications – Electronic communications,,,52
3.3.2,Direct democracy,General Principles – Democracy – Direct democracy,,,52
5.1.1.4.4,Military personnel,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights – Natural persons – Military personnel,,,51
5.5.5,"Rights of aboriginal peoples, ancestral rights","Fundamental Rights – Collective rights – Rights of aboriginal peoples, ancestral rights",,,51
1.3.1.1, Extension, Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Scope of review – Extension,15.0,Review ultra petita.,51
4.13,Independent administrative authorities,Institutions – Independent administrative authorities,100.0,The vesting of administrative competence in public law bodies situated outside the traditional administrative hierarchy. See also 4.6.8.,50
4.6.8.1,Universities,Institutions – Executive bodies – Sectoral decentralisation – Universities,,,50
5.2.2.2,Race,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction – Race,,,50
5.3.36.1,Correspondence,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Inviolability of communications – Correspondence,,,50
2.1.1.4.11,American Convention on Human Rights of 1969,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – American Convention on Human Rights of 1969,,,50
2.3.7,Literal interpretation,Sources – Techniques of review – Literal interpretation,,,49
5.1.1.5.1,Private law,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights – Legal persons – Private law,,,49
4.9,Elections and instruments of direct democracy,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy,81.0,See also keywords 5.3.41 and 5.2.1.4.,48
2.1.1.1.2,Quasi-constitutional enactments,Sources – Categories – Written rules – National rules – Quasi-constitutional enactments,37.0,"This keyword allows for the inclusion of enactments and principles arising from a separate constitutional chapter elaborated with reference to the original Constitution (declarations of rights, basic charters, etc.).",48
2.1.1.4.15,Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989,,,48
1.3,Jurisdiction,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction,,,48
5.3.26,National service,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – National service,124.0,"Militia, conscientious objection, etc.",47
1.5.4.7,Interim measures,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Types – Interim measures,,,47
3.23,Equity,General Principles – Equity,,,46
4.15,Exercise of public functions by private bodies,Institutions – Exercise of public functions by private bodies,,,46
5.3.10,Rights of domicile and establishment,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Rights of domicile and establishment,,,46
1.3.4.6.1,Admissibility,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Litigation in respect of referendums and other instruments of direct – Admissibility,,,46
1.3.4.10,Litigation in respect of the constitutionality of enactments,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Litigation in respect of the constitutionality of enactments,,,45
5.3.25,Right to administrative transparency,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to administrative transparency,,,45
4.7.4.1.5,End of office,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Members – End of office,,,45
3.8.1,Indivisibility of the territory,General Principles – Territorial principles – Indivisibility of the territory,,,45
2.2.1.6,Law of the European Union/EU Law and domestic law,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national and non-national sources – Law of the European Union/EU Law and domestic law,,,45
4.9.7.1,Electoral rolls,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Preliminary procedures – Electoral rolls,,,45
4.16,International relations,Institutions – International relations,,,44
5.3.16,Principle of the application of the more lenient law,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Principle of the application of the more lenient law,,,44
5.3.29,Right to participate in public affairs,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to participate in public affairs,,,44
4.10.8,Public assets,Institutions – Public finances – Public assets,97.0,"Includes ownership in undertakings by the state, regions or municipalities.",44
4.8.6.1,Deliberative assembly,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Institutional aspects – Deliberative assembly",,,44
4.7.4.1.6.2,Discipline,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Members – Status – Discipline,,,43
4.10.8.1,Privatisation,Institutions – Public finances – Public assets – Privatisation,,,43
4.8.1,Federal entities,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Federal entities",79.0,See also 3.6.,43
2.3.1,Concept of manifest error in assessing evidence or exercising discretion,Sources – Techniques of review – Concept of manifest error in assessing evidence or exercising discretion,,,43
4.8.7,Budgetary and financial aspects,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Budgetary and financial aspects",,,43
4.4.3.3,Relations with judicial bodies,Institutions – Head of State – Powers – Relations with judicial bodies,55.0,"For example, the granting of pardons.",42
5.3.13.27.1,Right to paid legal assistance,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Right to counsel – Right to paid legal assistance",,,41
5.3.36,Inviolability of communications,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Inviolability of communications,,,41
5.4.21,Scientific freedom,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Scientific freedom",,,40
1.3.5.6,Decrees of the Head of State,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Decrees of the Head of State,,,40
4.5.2.2,Powers of enquiry,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Powers – Powers of enquiry,59.0,"In particular, commissions of enquiry.",40
5.3.4.1,Scientific and medical treatment and experiments,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to physical and psychological integrity – Scientific and medical treatment and experiments,,,40
4.6.9.1,Conditions of access,Institutions – Executive bodies – The civil service – Conditions of access,,,40
1.6.5.2,Retrospective effect (ex tunc),Constitutional Justice – Effects – Temporal effect – Retrospective effect (ex tunc),,,39
5.3.13.25,Right to be informed about the charges,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Right to be informed about the charges",,,39
4.7.11,Military courts,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Military courts,,,39
5.4.20,Right to culture,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Right to culture",,,39
5.3.13.26,Right to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of the case,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Right to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of the case",,,39
2.2.1.6.4,EU secondary law and domestic non-constitutional instruments,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national and non-national sources – Law of the European Union/EU Law and domestic law – EU secondary law and domestic non-constitutional instruments,,,38
1.6.1,Scope,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Scope,,,38
2.1.3.3,Foreign case-law,Sources – Categories – Case-law – Foreign case-law,,,37
1.3.5.8,Rules issued by federal or regional entities,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Rules issued by federal or regional entities,,,37
1.2.2.4,Political parties,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a private body or individual – Political parties,,,37
2.3,Techniques of review,Sources – Techniques of review,,,37
5.3.13.1.1,Constitutional proceedings,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Scope – Constitutional proceedings",,,37
4.6.9.3,Remuneration,Institutions – Executive bodies – The civil service – Remuneration,,,36
5.4.15,Right to unemployment benefits,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Right to unemployment benefits",,,36
4.5.4.4,Committees,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Organisation – Committees,64.0,"Including their creation, composition and terms of reference.",36
1.3.5.5.1,Laws and other rules in force before the entry into force of the Constitution,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Laws and other rules having the force of law – Laws and other rules in force before the entry into force of the Constitution,,,36
4.10,Public finances,Institutions – Public finances,95.0,"This keyword covers property of the central state, regions and municipalities and may be applied together with Chapter 4.8.",36
5.3.13.21,Languages,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Languages",,,36
4.17.1.1,European Parliament,Institutions – European Union – Institutional structure – European Parliament,,,35
5.3.13.10,Trial by jury,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Trial by jury",,,35
1.3.5,The subject of review,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review,,,35
2.1.1.4.3,Geneva Conventions of 1949,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – Geneva Conventions of 1949,,,35
4.7.8,Ordinary courts,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Ordinary courts,,,35
5.3.41.3,Freedom of voting,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Electoral rights – Freedom of voting,,,35
2.1.1.4.2,Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948,,,35
4.7.16.2,Liability of judges,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Liability – Liability of judges,,,35
5.1.2,Horizontal effects,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Horizontal effects,,,35
4.7.1.3,Conflicts of jurisdiction,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Jurisdiction – Conflicts of jurisdiction,75.0,Positive and negative conflicts.,35
5.1.1.1,Nationals,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights – Nationals,,,35
5.2.2.10,Language,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction – Language,,,34
4.10.6,Auditing bodies,Institutions – Public finances – Auditing bodies,96.0,"For example, Auditor-General.",34
4.8.7.3,Budget,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Budgetary and financial aspects – Budget",,,34
3.8,Territorial principles,General Principles – Territorial principles,,,34
4.9.6,Representation of minorities,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Representation of minorities,,,34
5.3.38.2,Civil law,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Non-retrospective effect of law – Civil law,,,34
4.3.4,Minority language(s),Institutions – Languages – Minority language(s),,,34
5.4,"Economic, social and cultural rights","Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights",,,34
4.8,"Federalism, regionalism and local self-government","Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government",,,33
4.6.3.1,Autonomous rule-making powers,Institutions – Executive bodies – Application of laws – Autonomous rule-making powers,69.0,Derived directly from the Constitution.,33
2.1.1.4.9,"International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966","Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966",,,33
4.9.3.1,Method of voting,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Electoral system – Method of voting,86.0,"For example, Panachage, voting for whole list or part of list, blank votes.",33
4.5.6.3,Majority required,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Law-making procedure – Majority required,,,33
5.3.5.1.4,Conditional release,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Individual liberty – Deprivation of liberty – Conditional release,,,33
4.8.7.2,Arrangements for distributing the financial resources of the State,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Budgetary and financial aspects – Arrangements for distributing the financial resources of the State",,,33
5.1.1.1.1,Nationals living abroad,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights – Nationals – Nationals living abroad,,,32
1.6.9.1,Ongoing cases,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Consequences for other cases – Ongoing cases,,,32
1.3.4.10.1,Limits of the legislative competence,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Litigation in respect of the constitutionality of enactments – Limits of the legislative competence,,,32
1.2.4,Initiation ex officio by the body of constitutional jurisdiction,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Initiation ex officio by the body of constitutional jurisdiction,,,32
5.1.1.5,Legal persons,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights – Legal persons,,,32
2.1.3.2.3,Other international bodies,Sources – Categories – Case-law – International case-law – Other international bodies,,,31
4.7.4.1.6.3,Irremovability,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Members – Status – Irremovability,,,31
4.7.15.1,The Bar,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Legal assistance and representation of parties – The Bar,,,31
4.5.10.2,Financing,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Political parties – Financing,,,31
4.7.15.1.4,Status of members of the Bar,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Legal assistance and representation of parties – The Bar – Status of members of the Bar,,,31
1.6.9,Consequences for other cases,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Consequences for other cases,,,31
2.2.2.1.1,Hierarchy attributed to rights and freedoms,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national sources – Hierarchy emerging from the Constitution – Hierarchy attributed to rights and freedoms,,,31
1.6,Effects,Constitutional Justice – Effects,,,31
4.5.9,Liability,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Liability,,,31
1.3.4.9,Litigation in respect of the formal validity of enactments,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Litigation in respect of the formal validity of enactments,21.0,"Examination of procedural and formal aspects of laws and regulations, particularly in respect of the composition of parliaments, the validity of votes, the competence of law-making authorities, etc. (questions relating to the distribution of powers as between the State and federal or regional entities are the subject of another keyword 1.3.4.3).",30
5.4.12,Right to intellectual property,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Right to intellectual property",,,30
4.7.4.1,Members,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Members,,,30
4.5.6.1,Right to initiate legislation,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Law-making procedure – Right to initiate legislation,,,30
5.3.37,Right of petition,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right of petition,,,30
1.3.4.14,Distribution of powers between the EU and member states,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Distribution of powers between the EU and member states,,,30
4.9.8.1,Campaign financing,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Electoral campaign and campaign material – Campaign financing,,,30
4.7.14,Arbitration,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Arbitration,,,29
4.5.2.4,Negative incompetence,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Powers – Negative incompetence,61.0,Obligation on the legislative body to use the full scope of its powers.,29
5.5.4,Right to self-determination,Fundamental Rights – Collective rights – Right to self-determination,,,29
4.6.3,Application of laws,Institutions – Executive bodies – Application of laws,,,29
4.7.8.1,Civil courts,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Ordinary courts – Civil courts,,,29
4.9.9.3,Voting,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Voting procedures – Voting,92.0,"Impartiality of electoral authorities, incidents, disturbances.",29
5.1.1.5.2,Public law,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Entitlement to rights – Legal persons – Public law,,,29
4.11.3,Secret services,"Institutions – Armed forces, police forces and secret services – Secret services",,,29
2.1.2,Unwritten rules,Sources – Categories – Unwritten rules,,,28
5.2.2.9,Political opinions or affiliation,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction – Political opinions or affiliation,,,28
5.3,Civil and political rights,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights,,,28
5.2.2.13,Differentiation ratione temporis,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction – Differentiation ratione temporis,,,28
4.8.6.2,Executive,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Institutional aspects – Executive",,,28
1.3.4.4,Powers of local authorities,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Powers of local authorities,18.0,"Decentralised authorities (municipalities, provinces, etc.).",28
1.3.5.2.2,Secondary legislation,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Law of the European Union/EU Law – Secondary legislation,,,28
4.9.7.3,Ballot papers,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Preliminary procedures – Ballot papers,89.0,"For example, names of parties, order of presentation, logo, emblem or question in a referendum.",28
5.1.4.1,Non-derogable rights,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Limits and restrictions – Non-derogable rights,,,28
1.6.9.2,Decided cases,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Consequences for other cases – Decided cases,,,27
1.4.3,Time-limits for instituting proceedings,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Time-limits for instituting proceedings,,,27
1.5.4.4,Annulment,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Types – Annulment,,,27
4.7.15,Legal assistance and representation of parties,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Legal assistance and representation of parties,,,27
4.7.4.3.6,Status,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Prosecutors / State counsel – Status,,,27
1.5.4.1,Procedural decisions,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Types – Procedural decisions,,,27
4.8.7.1,Finance,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Budgetary and financial aspects – Finance",,,27
5.3.13.3.1,“Natural judge”/Tribunal established by law,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Access to courts – “Natural judge”/Tribunal established by law",118.0,In the meaning of Article 6.1 of the European Convention on Human Rights.,27
5.3.13.23,Right to remain silent,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Right to remain silent",,,27
1.5.4.5,Suspension,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Types – Suspension,,,27
4.6.4.1,Appointment of members,Institutions – Executive bodies – Composition – Appointment of members,,,27
4.9.11.1,Counting of votes,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Determination of votes – Counting of votes,,,27
2.3.5,Logical interpretation,Sources – Techniques of review – Logical interpretation,,,26
1.6.5.4,Ex nunc effect,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Temporal effect – Ex nunc effect,,,26
2.3.10,Contextual interpretation,Sources – Techniques of review – Contextual interpretation,,,26
1.1,Constitutional jurisdiction,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction,2.0,"Constitutional Court or equivalent body (constitutional tribunal or council, supreme court, etc.).",26
4.7.13,Other courts,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Other courts,,,26
4.17.4,Legislative procedure,Institutions – European Union – Legislative procedure,,,26
5.1.4.3,Subsequent review of limitation,Fundamental Rights – General questions – Limits and restrictions – Subsequent review of limitation,,,25
1.2.1.3,Executive bodies,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a public body – Executive bodies,,,25
2.2.1,Hierarchy as between national and non-national sources,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national and non-national sources,,,25
1.3.5.4,Quasi-constitutional legislation,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Quasi-constitutional legislation,24.0,"For example, organic laws.",25
4.7.12,Special courts,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Special courts,,,25
4.8.5,Definition of geographical boundaries,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Definition of geographical boundaries",,,25
5.3.39.2,Nationalisation,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to property – Nationalisation,,,25
1.3.3,Advisory powers,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Advisory powers,,,25
5.3.5.2,Prohibition of forced or compulsory labour,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Individual liberty – Prohibition of forced or compulsory labour,,,25
1.1.1.1.1,Constitution,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Statute and organisation – Sources – Constitution,,,25
2.2.1.6.3,EU secondary law and constitutions,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national and non-national sources – Law of the European Union/EU Law and domestic law – EU secondary law and constitutions,,,25
4.5.3.4.3,End,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Composition – Term of office of members – End,,,25
4.10.5,Central bank,Institutions – Public finances – Central bank,,,24
2.2.1.4,European Convention on Human Rights and constitutions,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national and non-national sources – European Convention on Human Rights and constitutions,,,24
1.3.4.13,Universally binding interpretation of laws,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Universally binding interpretation of laws,,,24
4.7.4.1.6.1,Incompatibilities,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Members – Status – Incompatibilities,,,24
4.9.8.2,Campaign expenses,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Electoral campaign and campaign material – Campaign expenses,,,24
3.6.2,Regional State,General Principles – Structure of the State – Regional State,,,24
2.3.3,Intention of the author of the enactment under review,Sources – Techniques of review – Intention of the author of the enactment under review,,,24
4.4.3.4,Promulgation of laws,Institutions – Head of State – Powers – Promulgation of laws,,,24
4.5.3,Composition,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Composition,,,24
4.9.9.6,Casting of votes,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Voting procedures – Casting of votes,94.0,"For example, in person, proxy vote, postal vote, electronic vote.",24
4.17.3,Distribution of powers between institutions of the EU,Institutions – European Union – Distribution of powers between institutions of the EU,,,24
4.1.2,Limitations on powers,Institutions – Constituent assembly or equivalent body – Limitations on powers,,,24
5.3.13.12,Right to be informed about the decision,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Right to be informed about the decision",,,24
1.3.4.11,Litigation in respect of constitutional revision,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Litigation in respect of constitutional revision,,,23
5.2.2.5,Social origin,Fundamental Rights – Equality – Criteria of distinction – Social origin,,,23
1.5.6.2,Time limit,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Delivery and publication – Time limit,,,23
1.3.4.8,Litigation in respect of jurisdictional conflict,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Litigation in respect of jurisdictional conflict,,,23
1.3.5.2,Law of the European Union/EU Law,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Law of the European Union/EU Law,,,23
4.7.4,Organisation,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation,,,23
1.2.2,Claim by a private body or individual,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a private body or individual,,,22
4.6.10.1.2,Civil liability,Institutions – Executive bodies – Liability – Legal liability – Civil liability,,,22
1.2.1.6,Local self-government body,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a public body – Local self-government body,,,22
2.1.1.4.10,Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969,,,22
4.5.4,Organisation,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Organisation,,,22
4.9.2.1,Admissibility,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Referenda and other instruments of direct democracy – Admissibility,84.0,"For questions of jurisdiction, see keyword 1.3.4.6.",22
4.7.4.1.1,Qualifications,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Members – Qualifications,,,22
4.7,Judicial bodies,Institutions – Judicial bodies,74.0,Other than the body delivering the decision summarised here.,22
4.11,"Armed forces, police forces and secret services","Institutions – Armed forces, police forces and secret services",,,22
1.2.2.2,Non-profit-making corporate body,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a private body or individual – Non-profit-making corporate body,,,22
5.3.38.3,Social law,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Non-retrospective effect of law – Social law,,,22
1.3.5.14,Government acts,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Government acts,27.0,Political questions.,22
1.1.2.4,Appointment of members,"Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Composition, recruitment and structure – Appointment of members",5.0,"Including the conditions and manner of such appointment (election, nomination, etc.).",22
1.6.6,Execution,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Execution,,,22
4.9.15,Post-electoral procedures,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Post-electoral procedures,,,21
2.1.1.4.5,Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees of 1951,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees of 1951,,,21
1.6.3.1,Stare decisis,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Effect erga omnes – Stare decisis,,,21
2.2.1.6.1,EU primary law and constitutions,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national and non-national sources – Law of the European Union/EU Law and domestic law – EU primary law and constitutions,,,21
5.4.22,Artistic freedom,"Fundamental Rights – Economic, social and cultural rights – Artistic freedom",,,21
4.5.6.5,Relations between houses,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Law-making procedure – Relations between houses,,,21
5.3.13.24,Right to be informed about the reasons of detention,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Right to be informed about the reasons of detention",,,21
5.1,General questions,Fundamental Rights – General questions,,,21
4.7.4.1.4,Term of office,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Members – Term of office,,,20
4.4.6.1.2,Political responsibility,Institutions – Head of State – Status – Liability – Political responsibility,,,20
1.6.5.3,Limitation on retrospective effect,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Temporal effect – Limitation on retrospective effect,,,20
4.6.9.2,Reasons for exclusion,Institutions – Executive bodies – The civil service – Reasons for exclusion,,,20
2.3.4,Interpretation by analogy,Sources – Techniques of review – Interpretation by analogy,,,20
4.8.6.3,Courts,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Institutional aspects – Courts",,,20
1.1.4,Relations with other institutions,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Relations with other institutions,,,20
4.6.10.1.3,Criminal liability,Institutions – Executive bodies – Liability – Legal liability – Criminal liability,,,20
3.24,Loyalty to the State,General Principles – Loyalty to the State,49.0,Including questions of treason/high crimes.,19
4.7.4.6,Budget,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Budget,,,19
4.4.6.1.1.1,Immunity,Institutions – Head of State – Status – Liability – Legal liability – Immunity,,,19
1.4.10.7,Request for a preliminary ruling by the Court of Justice of the EU,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Interlocutory proceedings – Request for a preliminary ruling by the Court of Justice of the EU,,,19
4.5.10.4,Prohibition,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Political parties – Prohibition,,,19
4.7.16.1,Liability of the State,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Liability – Liability of the State,,,19
4.4.3.5,International relations,Institutions – Head of State – Powers – International relations,,,19
1.3.4.7.1,Banning of political parties,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Restrictive proceedings – Banning of political parties,,,19
1.2.1,Claim by a public body,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a public body,,,19
1.1.4.1,Head of State,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Relations with other institutions – Head of State,12.0,Including questions on the interim exercise of the functions of the Head of State.,19
4.6.10.1,Legal liability,Institutions – Executive bodies – Liability – Legal liability,,,19
4.6.10.2,Political responsibility,Institutions – Executive bodies – Liability – Political responsibility,,,19
1.6.5,Temporal effect,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Temporal effect,,,19
1.2.1.1,Head of State,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a public body – Head of State,,,18
1.4.2,Summary procedure,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Summary procedure,,,18
1.4.9.4,Persons or entities authorised to intervene in proceedings,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Parties – Persons or entities authorised to intervene in proceedings,,,18
5.3.13.11,Public judgments,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Public judgments",,,18
4.5.6.2,Quorum,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Law-making procedure – Quorum,,,18
2.1.1.4.14,European Charter of Local Self-Government of 1985,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – European Charter of Local Self-Government of 1985,,,18
4.7.4.3.2,Appointment,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Prosecutors / State counsel – Appointment,,,18
4.9.7,Preliminary procedures,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Preliminary procedures,,,17
4.8.8.2.2,Distribution ratione loci,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Distribution of powers – Implementation – Distribution ratione loci",,,17
4.8.8.4,Co-operation,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Distribution of powers – Co-operation",,,17
4.12.3,Powers,Institutions – Ombudsman – Powers,,,17
1,Constitutional Justice,Constitutional Justice,1.0,"This chapter – as the Systematic Thesaurus in general – should be used sparingly, as the keywords therein should only be used if a relevant procedural question is discussed by the Court. This chapter is therefore not used to establish statistical data; rather, the Bulletin reader or user of the CODICES database should only look for decisions in this chapter, the subject of which is also the keyword.",17
4.5.10.3,Role,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Political parties – Role,,,17
1.2.1.7,Public Prosecutor or Attorney-General,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a public body – Public Prosecutor or Attorney-General,,,17
3.6.1,Unitary State,General Principles – Structure of the State – Unitary State,,,17
4.5.2.3,Delegation to another legislative body,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Powers – Delegation to another legislative body,60.0,"For delegation of powers to an executive body, see keyword 4.6.3.2.",17
4.1.1,Procedure,Institutions – Constituent assembly or equivalent body – Procedure,,,17
1.4.6,Grounds,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Grounds,,,17
4.4.5.4,End of office,Institutions – Head of State – Term of office – End of office,,,17
1.4.1,General characteristics,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – General characteristics,29.0,"Including language issues relating to procedure, deliberations, decisions, etc.",16
1.2.1.8,Ombudsman,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a public body – Ombudsman,,,16
4.5.4.2,President/Speaker,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Organisation – President/Speaker,,,16
4.5,Legislative bodies,Institutions – Legislative bodies,56.0,"For regional and local authorities, see Chapter 4.8.",16
4.8.4.2,Subsidiarity,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Basic principles – Subsidiarity",,,16
4.9.8.3,Access to media,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Electoral campaign and campaign material – Access to media,91.0,"For the access of media to information, see 5.3.23, 5.3.24, in combination with 5.3.41.",16
4.9.9.1,Polling stations,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Voting procedures – Polling stations,,,16
1.3.4.7.4,Impeachment,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Restrictive proceedings – Impeachment,,,16
2.2.1.3,Treaties and other domestic legal instruments,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national and non-national sources – Treaties and other domestic legal instruments,,,16
2.2.1.6.2,EU primary law and domestic non-constitutional legal instruments,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy as between national and non-national sources – Law of the European Union/EU Law and domestic law – EU primary law and domestic non-constitutional legal instruments,,,16
4.9.13,Judicial control,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Judicial control,,,16
4.4.4.3,Direct/indirect election,Institutions – Head of State – Appointment – Direct/indirect election,,,16
5.3.13.5,Suspensive effect of appeal,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Suspensive effect of appeal",,,16
4.17.1.4,European Commission,Institutions – European Union – Institutional structure – European Commission,,,16
1.4.3.1,Ordinary time-limit,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Time-limits for instituting proceedings – Ordinary time-limit,,,16
4.5.1,Structure,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Structure,57.0,"For regional and local authorities, see Chapter 4.8.",15
4.7.4.3.5,End of office,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Prosecutors / State counsel – End of office,,,15
2.1.1.4.6,European Social Charter of 1961,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – European Social Charter of 1961,,,15
4.6.4.3,End of office of members,Institutions – Executive bodies – Composition – End of office of members,,,15
4.7.4.2,Officers of the court,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Officers of the court,,,15
4.5.7.2,Questions of confidence,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Relations with the executive bodies – Questions of confidence,,,15
4.6.5,Organisation,Institutions – Executive bodies – Organisation,,,15
1.6.8,Influence on everyday life,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Influence on everyday life,,,15
4.5.3.4.1,Characteristics,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Composition – Term of office of members – Characteristics,62.0,Representative/imperative mandates.,14
4.9.9,Voting procedures,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Voting procedures,,,14
1.4.10.4,Discontinuance of proceedings,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Interlocutory proceedings – Discontinuance of proceedings,33.0,"For the withdrawal of the originating document, see also 1.4.5.",14
2.3.11,Pro homine/most favourable interpretation to the individual,Sources – Techniques of review – Pro homine/most favourable interpretation to the individual,,,14
2.1.1.4.1,United Nations Charter of 1945,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – United Nations Charter of 1945,,,14
4.9.9.4,Identity checks on voters,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Voting procedures – Identity checks on voters,,,14
1.2.1.4,Organs of federated or regional authorities,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a public body – Organs of federated or regional authorities,,,14
4.7.15.1.3,Role of members of the Bar,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Legal assistance and representation of parties – The Bar – Role of members of the Bar,,,14
5.3.41.5,Direct / indirect ballot,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Electoral rights – Direct / indirect ballot,,,14
1.1.4.3,Executive bodies,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Relations with other institutions – Executive bodies,,,14
4.5.10.1,Creation,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Political parties – Creation,,,13
4.5.3.3.1,Duration,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Composition – Term of office of the legislative body – Duration,,,13
2.1.1.2,National rules from other countries,Sources – Categories – Written rules – National rules from other countries,,,13
4.2.1,Flag,Institutions – State Symbols – Flag,,,13
1.6.4,Effect inter partes,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Effect inter partes,,,13
4.9.11.2,Electoral reports,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Determination of votes – Electoral reports,,,13
1.3.5.7,Quasi-legislative regulations,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Quasi-legislative regulations,,,13
4.6.9.2.1,Lustration,Institutions – Executive bodies – The civil service – Reasons for exclusion – Lustration,73.0,Practice aiming at removing from civil service persons formerly involved with a totalitarian regime.,13
4.6.8,Sectoral decentralisation,Institutions – Executive bodies – Sectoral decentralisation,71.0,"The vesting of administrative competence in public law bodies having their own independent organisational structure, independent of public authorities, but controlled by them. For other administrative bodies, see also 4.6.7 and 4.13.",13
1.3.4.7.2,Withdrawal of civil rights,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Restrictive proceedings – Withdrawal of civil rights,,,13
1.3.4.6,Litigation in respect of referendums and other instruments of direct democracy,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Litigation in respect of referendums and other instruments of direct democracy,20.0,"Including other consultations. For questions other than jurisdiction, see 4.9.",13
1.2.2.5,Trade unions,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a private body or individual – Trade unions,,,13
4.4.4,Appointment,Institutions – Head of State – Appointment,,,13
4.8.8.2.4,Distribution ratione personae,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Distribution of powers – Implementation – Distribution ratione personae",,,13
4.5.4.3,Sessions,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Organisation – Sessions,63.0,"Including the convening, duration, publicity and agenda of sessions.",13
4.5.3.4,Term of office of members,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Composition – Term of office of members,,,13
4.8.8.5,International relations,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Distribution of powers – International relations",,,13
1.1.1.1.2,Institutional Acts,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Statute and organisation – Sources – Institutional Acts,,,12
4.6,Executive bodies,Institutions – Executive bodies,68.0,"For local authorities, see 4.8.",12
1.6.5.1,Entry into force of decision,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Temporal effect – Entry into force of decision,,,12
5.3.41.6,Frequency and regularity of elections,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Electoral rights – Frequency and regularity of elections,,,12
1.4.14.3,Party costs,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Costs – Party costs,,,12
5.3.7,Right to emigrate,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right to emigrate,,,12
4.5.7.1,Questions to the government,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Relations with the executive bodies – Questions to the government,,,12
4.9.12,Proclamation of results,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Proclamation of results,,,12
4.6.4,Composition,Institutions – Executive bodies – Composition,,,12
4.5.3.4.2,Duration,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Composition – Term of office of members – Duration,,,12
1.4.6.1,Time-limits,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Grounds – Time-limits,,,12
4.8.6,Institutional aspects,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Institutional aspects",,,12
4.3.3,Regional language(s),Institutions – Languages – Regional language(s),,,12
1.2.2.3,Profit-making corporate body,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a private body or individual – Profit-making corporate body,,,12
4.5.7.3,Motion of censure,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Relations with the executive bodies – Motion of censure,,,11
4.4.3.6,Powers with respect to the armed forces,Institutions – Head of State – Powers – Powers with respect to the armed forces,,,11
5.3.13.23.2,Right not to testify against spouse/close family,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Right to remain silent – Right not to testify against spouse/close family",,,11
4.10.4,Currency,Institutions – Public finances – Currency,,,11
4.4,Head of State,Institutions – Head of State,,,11
4.7.1.2,Universal jurisdiction,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Jurisdiction – Universal jurisdiction,,,11
4.9.2.2,Effects,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Referenda and other instruments of direct democracy – Effects,,,11
4.17.1.3,Council of Ministers,Institutions – European Union – Institutional structure – Council of Ministers,,,11
4.1,Constituent assembly or equivalent body,Institutions – Constituent assembly or equivalent body,52.0,Including the body responsible for revising or amending the Constitution.,11
1.2.5,Obligatory review,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Obligatory review,14.0,Enactment required by law to be reviewed by the Court.,11
1.3.5.11.1,Territorial decentralisation,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Acts issued by decentralised bodies – Territorial decentralisation,25.0,"Local authorities, municipalities, provinces, departments, etc.",11
4.5.3.2,Appointment of members,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Composition – Appointment of members,,,11
4.7.4.1.3,Election,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Members – Election,,,11
4.6.10,Liability,Institutions – Executive bodies – Liability,,,11
4.6.9.4,Personal liability,Institutions – Executive bodies – The civil service – Personal liability,,,11
1.4.8.7,Evidence,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Preparation of the case for trial – Evidence,,,11
2.1.1.4.16,Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities of 1995,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities of 1995,,,11
2.1.1.4.12,Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women of 1979,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women of 1979,,,11
4.7.15.2,Assistance other than by the Bar,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Legal assistance and representation of parties – Assistance other than by the Bar,,,10
2.1.1.4.19,International conventions regulating diplomatic and consular relations,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – International conventions regulating diplomatic and consular relations,,,10
1.6.6.1,Body responsible for supervising execution,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Execution – Body responsible for supervising execution,,,10
2.1.1.4.7,International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination of 1965,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination of 1965,,,10
4.7.15.1.5,Discipline,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Legal assistance and representation of parties – The Bar – Discipline,,,10
4.17.1.5,Court of Justice of the European Union,Institutions – European Union – Institutional structure – Court of Justice of the European Union,102.0,"Institutional aspects only: questions of procedure, jurisdiction, composition, etc. are dealt with under the keywords of Chapter 1.",10
1.5.4.2,Opinion,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Types – Opinion,,,10
4.17,European Union,Institutions – European Union,,,10
1.4.9,Parties,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Parties,,,10
1.4.8.4,Preliminary proceedings,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Preparation of the case for trial – Preliminary proceedings,,,10
5.3.13.16,Prohibition of reformatio in peius,"Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Procedural safeguards, rights of the defence and fair trial – Prohibition of reformatio in peius",,,10
4.8.6.1.1,Status of members,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Institutional aspects – Deliberative assembly – Status of members",,,10
1.4.3.3,Leave to appeal out of time,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Time-limits for instituting proceedings – Leave to appeal out of time,,,10
4.6.10.1.1,Immunity,Institutions – Executive bodies – Liability – Legal liability – Immunity,,,10
2.1.2.1,Constitutional custom,Sources – Categories – Unwritten rules – Constitutional custom,,,9
5.5.3,Right to peace,Fundamental Rights – Collective rights – Right to peace,,,9
2.1.1.4.17,Statute of the International Criminal Court of 1998,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – Statute of the International Criminal Court of 1998,,,9
4.7.4.3.4,Term of office,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Prosecutors / State counsel – Term of office,,,9
4.6.4.4,Status of members of executive bodies,Institutions – Executive bodies – Composition – Status of members of executive bodies,,,9
4.4.6.1.1.3,Criminal liability,Institutions – Head of State – Status – Liability – Legal liability – Criminal liability,,,9
1.3.5.11.2,Sectoral decentralisation,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Acts issued by decentralised bodies – Sectoral decentralisation,26.0,Or: functional decentralisation (public bodies exercising delegated powers).,9
1.1.1.1.3,Other legislation,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Statute and organisation – Sources – Other legislation,,,9
4.7.15.1.2,Powers of ruling bodies,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Legal assistance and representation of parties – The Bar – Powers of ruling bodies,,,9
2.1.2.3,Natural law,Sources – Categories – Unwritten rules – Natural law,,,9
4.8.8.2,Implementation,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Distribution of powers – Implementation",,,9
2.1.1,Written rules,Sources – Categories – Written rules,,,9
1.2,Types of claim,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim,,,9
4.4.5.3,Incapacity,Institutions – Head of State – Term of office – Incapacity,,,9
4.9.10,Minimum participation rate required,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Minimum participation rate required,,,9
1.3.4,Types of litigation,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation,,,9
4.5.5,Finances,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Finances,65.0,"State budgetary contribution, other sources, etc.",9
4.3.2,National language(s),Institutions – Languages – National language(s),,,9
1.4,Procedure,Constitutional Justice – Procedure,,,9
1.4.10,Interlocutory proceedings,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Interlocutory proceedings,,,9
1.4.10.1,Intervention,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Interlocutory proceedings – Intervention,,,9
1.1.1.1.5,Rule adopted by the Court,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Statute and organisation – Sources – Rule adopted by the Court,3.0,"For example, rules of procedure.",9
1.4.10.6,Challenging of a judge,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Interlocutory proceedings – Challenging of a judge,,,9
1.4.5.3,Formal requirements,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Originating document – Formal requirements,,,9
1.4.14,Costs,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Costs,34.0,"Comprises court fees, postage costs, advance of expenses and lawyers' fees.",9
1.4.5,Originating document,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Originating document,,,9
4.5.4.5,Parliamentary groups,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Organisation – Parliamentary groups,,,9
1.5.2,Reasoning,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Reasoning,,,9
1.5.4.6,Modification,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Types – Modification,,,9
1.4.3.2,Special time-limits,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Time-limits for instituting proceedings – Special time-limits,,,9
5.3.41.4,Secret ballot,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Electoral rights – Secret ballot,,,8
1.2.1.10,Institutions of the European Union,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a public body – Institutions of the European Union,,,8
1.5.1.3.2,Vote,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Deliberation – Procedure – Vote,,,8
1.4.11.6,Address by the parties,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Hearing – Address by the parties,,,8
1.5.6.3.1,Publication in the official journal/gazette,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Delivery and publication – Publication – Publication in the official journal/gazette,,,8
1.1.3,Status of the members of the court,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Status of the members of the court,,,8
1.5.1.1,Composition of the bench,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Deliberation – Composition of the bench,,,8
4.7.10,Financial courts,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Financial courts,78.0,Comprises the Court of Auditors in so far as it exercises judicial power.,8
2.2.3,Hierarchy between sources of EU Law,Sources – Hierarchy – Hierarchy between sources of EU Law,,,8
4.12.9,Relations with judicial bodies,Institutions – Ombudsman – Relations with judicial bodies,,,8
4.6.7,Administrative decentralisation,Institutions – Executive bodies – Administrative decentralisation,70.0,See also 4.8.,8
5,Fundamental Rights,Fundamental Rights,104.0,Positive and negative aspects.,8
1.4.8.7.1,Inquiries into the facts by the Court,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Preparation of the case for trial – Evidence – Inquiries into the facts by the Court,,,7
4.2,State Symbols,Institutions – State Symbols,,,7
1.3.5.2.1,Primary legislation,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Law of the European Union/EU Law – Primary legislation,,,7
1.3.4.12,Conflict of laws,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Conflict of laws,22.0,As understood in private international law.,7
1.1.1.2,Independence,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Statute and organisation – Independence,,,7
4.12.7,Relations with the executive,Institutions – Ombudsman – Relations with the executive,,,7
1.4.13,Re-opening of hearing,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Re-opening of hearing,,,7
1.4.5.2,Signature,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Originating document – Signature,,,7
1.5.5.2,Dissenting opinions,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Individual opinions of members – Dissenting opinions,,,7
4.3,Languages,Institutions – Languages,,,7
1.4.12,Special procedures,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Special procedures,,,7
1.4.11.1,Composition of the bench,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Hearing – Composition of the bench,,,7
4.4.6.1.1,Legal liability,Institutions – Head of State – Status – Liability – Legal liability,,,7
3.6,Structure of the State,General Principles – Structure of the State,42.0,See also 4.8.,7
3.2,Republic/Monarchy,General Principles – Republic/Monarchy,,,7
4.7.4.4,Languages,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Languages,,,7
1.4.7,Documents lodged by the parties,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Documents lodged by the parties,31.0,"Pleadings, final submissions, notes, etc.",7
4.4.6.1,Liability,Institutions – Head of State – Status – Liability,,,6
1.4.10.6.2,Challenge at the instance of a party,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Interlocutory proceedings – Challenging of a judge – Challenge at the instance of a party,,,6
1.3.4.7.3,Removal from parliamentary office,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Restrictive proceedings – Removal from parliamentary office,,,6
1.1.3.4,Professional incompatibilities,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Status of the members of the court – Professional incompatibilities,,,6
1.5.1.3.1,Quorum,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Deliberation – Procedure – Quorum,,,6
1.1.3.1,Term of office of Members,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Status of the members of the court – Term of office of Members,,,6
4.9.9.5,Record of persons having voted,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Voting procedures – Record of persons having voted,93.0,"For example, signatures on electoral rolls, stamps, crossing out of names on list.",6
4.12.6,Relations with the legislature,Institutions – Ombudsman – Relations with the legislature,,,6
1.4.14.1,Waiver of court fees,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Costs – Waiver of court fees,,,6
4.17.1,Institutional structure,Institutions – European Union – Institutional structure,,,6
4.12,Ombudsman,Institutions – Ombudsman,98.0,"Parliamentary Commissioner, Public Defender, Human Rights Commission, etc.",6
4.4.4.2,Incompatibilities,Institutions – Head of State – Appointment – Incompatibilities,,,6
4.4.4.1,Necessary qualifications,Institutions – Head of State – Appointment – Necessary qualifications,,,6
1.4.4.1,Obligation to raise constitutional issues before ordinary courts,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Exhaustion of remedies – Obligation to raise constitutional issues before ordinary courts,,,6
4.9.11,Determination of votes,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Determination of votes,,,6
4.4.5.2,Duration of office,Institutions – Head of State – Term of office – Duration of office,,,6
1.1.2.3,Appointing authority,"Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Composition, recruitment and structure – Appointing authority",,,6
4.8.7.4,Mutual support arrangements,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Budgetary and financial aspects – Mutual support arrangements",,,5
5.5,Collective rights,Fundamental Rights – Collective rights,,,5
1.4.6.2,Form,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Grounds – Form,,,5
1.1.3.9,End of office,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Status of the members of the court – End of office,,,5
4.8.8.5.2,Participation in international organisations or their organs,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Distribution of powers – International relations – Participation in international organisations or their organs",,,5
4.7.15.1.1,Organisation,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Legal assistance and representation of parties – The Bar – Organisation,,,5
1.4.5.1,Decision to act,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Originating document – Decision to act,30.0,"For the withdrawal of proceedings, see also 1.4.10.4.",5
4.17.1.6,European Central Bank,Institutions – European Union – Institutional structure – European Central Bank,,,5
4.4.2,Temporary replacement,Institutions – Head of State – Temporary replacement,,,5
4.5.3.3,Term of office of the legislative body,Institutions – Legislative bodies – Composition – Term of office of the legislative body,,,5
4.7.4.5,Registry,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Registry,,,5
1.2.1.11,Religious authorities,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a public body – Religious authorities,,,5
1.4.9.3.3,Representation by persons other than lawyers or jurists,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Parties – Representation – Representation by persons other than lawyers or jurists,,,5
1.1.3.5,Disciplinary measures,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Status of the members of the court – Disciplinary measures,,,5
1.1.2.1,Necessary qualifications,"Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Composition, recruitment and structure – Necessary qualifications",4.0,"For example, age, education, experience, seniority, moral character, citizenship.",5
1.1.3.3,Privileges and immunities,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Status of the members of the court – Privileges and immunities,,,5
4.9.9.2,Polling booths,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Voting procedures – Polling booths,,,5
1.4.7.1,Time-limits,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Documents lodged by the parties – Time-limits,,,5
4.7.15.2.2,Legal assistance bodies,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Legal assistance and representation of parties – Assistance other than by the Bar – Legal assistance bodies,,,5
2.1.3.2,International case-law,Sources – Categories – Case-law – International case-law,,,5
1.3.5.11,Acts issued by decentralised bodies,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – The subject of review – Acts issued by decentralised bodies,,,4
4.4.6,Status,Institutions – Head of State – Status,,,4
1.4.8.3,Time-limits,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Preparation of the case for trial – Time-limits,,,4
4.4.5.5,Limit on number of successive terms,Institutions – Head of State – Term of office – Limit on number of successive terms,,,4
1.4.6.3,Ex-officio grounds,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Grounds – Ex-officio grounds,,,4
4.4.6.1.1.2,Civil liability,Institutions – Head of State – Status – Liability – Legal liability – Civil liability,,,4
1.1.2.5,Appointment of the President,"Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Composition, recruitment and structure – Appointment of the President",6.0,"Including the conditions and manner of such appointment (election, nomination, etc.).",4
2.1.3,Case-law,Sources – Categories – Case-law,,,4
5.5.2,Right to development,Fundamental Rights – Collective rights – Right to development,,,4
2.1.1.4.13,African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights of 1981,Sources – Categories – Written rules – International instruments – African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights of 1981,,,4
3.15.2,Linguistic aspects,General Principles – Publication of laws – Linguistic aspects,,,4
1.1.1.2.3,Financial independence,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Statute and organisation – Independence – Financial independence,,,4
1.1.2,"Composition, recruitment and structure","Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Composition, recruitment and structure",,,4
4.2.3,National anthem,Institutions – State Symbols – National anthem,,,4
1.4.10.6.1,Automatic disqualification,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Interlocutory proceedings – Challenging of a judge – Automatic disqualification,,,4
1.5.6,Delivery and publication,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Delivery and publication,,,4
1.5.6.3,Publication,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Delivery and publication – Publication,,,4
1.1.3.2,Term of office of the President,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Status of the members of the court – Term of office of the President,,,4
4.6.1,Hierarchy,Institutions – Executive bodies – Hierarchy,,,4
1.1.2.7,Subdivision into chambers or sections,"Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Composition, recruitment and structure – Subdivision into chambers or sections",,,4
4.6.4.2,Election of members,Institutions – Executive bodies – Composition – Election of members,,,4
1.5.4,Types,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Types,,,4
1.4.14.2,Legal aid or assistance,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Costs – Legal aid or assistance,,,4
4.2.4,National emblem,Institutions – State Symbols – National emblem,,,4
4.6.9.5,Trade union status,Institutions – Executive bodies – The civil service – Trade union status,,,4
1.1.1.1.4,Rule issued by the executive,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Statute and organisation – Sources – Rule issued by the executive,,,3
1.1.3.7,Remuneration,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Status of the members of the court – Remuneration,,,3
4.7.4.3.3,Election,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Organisation – Prosecutors / State counsel – Election,,,3
1.1.2.6,Functions of the President / Vice-President,"Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Composition, recruitment and structure – Functions of the President / Vice-President",,,3
4.7.15.2.1,Legal advisers,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Legal assistance and representation of parties – Assistance other than by the Bar – Legal advisers,,,3
4.10.3,Accounts,Institutions – Public finances – Accounts,,,3
4.4.5.1,Commencement of office,Institutions – Head of State – Term of office – Commencement of office,,,3
1.1.2.2,Number of members,"Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Composition, recruitment and structure – Number of members",,,3
4.9.14,Non-judicial complaints and appeals,Institutions – Elections and instruments of direct democracy – Non-judicial complaints and appeals,,,3
5.3.30,Right of resistance,Fundamental Rights – Civil and political rights – Right of resistance,,,3
2.2,Hierarchy,Sources – Hierarchy,,,3
1.6.6.2,Penalty payment,Constitutional Justice – Effects – Execution – Penalty payment,,,3
4.12.1,Appointment,Institutions – Ombudsman – Appointment,,,3
1.4.10.5,Joinder of similar cases,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Interlocutory proceedings – Joinder of similar cases,,,3
4.2.2,National holiday,Institutions – State Symbols – National holiday,,,3
1.5.6.4,Press,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Delivery and publication – Press,,,3
1.4.11.2,Procedure,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Hearing – Procedure,,,3
1.5.4.4.1,Consequential annulment,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Types – Annulment – Consequential annulment,,,3
1.4.11.3,In public / in camera,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Hearing – In public / in camera,,,3
1.5,Decisions,Constitutional Justice – Decisions,,,3
1.4.7.2,Decision to lodge the document,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Documents lodged by the parties – Decision to lodge the document,,,2
1.4.11,Hearing,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Hearing,,,2
4.8.8.5.1,Conclusion of treaties,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Distribution of powers – International relations – Conclusion of treaties",,,2
1.2.1.5,Organs of sectoral decentralisation,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a public body – Organs of sectoral decentralisation,,,2
4.12.10,Relations with federal or regional authorities,Institutions – Ombudsman – Relations with federal or regional authorities,,,2
4.7.16,Liability,Institutions – Judicial bodies – Liability,,,2
4.12.2.4,Financial independence,Institutions – Ombudsman – Guarantees of independence – Financial independence,,,2
1.5.3,Form,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Form,,,2
1.5.5,Individual opinions of members,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Individual opinions of members,,,2
1.5.5.1,Concurring opinions,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Individual opinions of members – Concurring opinions,,,2
1.5.6.1,Delivery,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Delivery and publication – Delivery,,,2
1.1.1.1,Sources,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Statute and organisation – Sources,,,2
1.1.1,Statute and organisation,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Statute and organisation,,,2
1.3.2,Type of review,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Type of review,,,2
1.4.7.3,Signature,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Documents lodged by the parties – Signature,,,2
1.4.8.1,Registration,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Preparation of the case for trial – Registration,,,2
1.4.8.2,Notifications and publication,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Preparation of the case for trial – Notifications and publication,,,2
1.4.9.3.1,The Bar,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Parties – Representation – The Bar,,,2
1.4.7.4,Formal requirements,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Documents lodged by the parties – Formal requirements,,,2
1.3.4.15,Distribution of powers between institutions of the EU,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Distribution of powers between institutions of the EU,,,2
1.4.9.3,Representation,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Parties – Representation,,,2
4.12.2,Guarantees of independence,Institutions – Ombudsman – Guarantees of independence,,,2
1.4.8,Preparation of the case for trial,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Preparation of the case for trial,,,2
1.4.8.8,Decision that preparation is complete,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Preparation of the case for trial – Decision that preparation is complete,,,2
4.12.2.2,Incompatibilities,Institutions – Ombudsman – Guarantees of independence – Incompatibilities,,,1
1.1.3.6,Irremovability,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Status of the members of the court – Irremovability,,,1
1.5.1.2,Chair,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Deliberation – Chair,,,1
4.4.4.4,Hereditary succession,Institutions – Head of State – Appointment – Hereditary succession,,,1
1.1.2.10,Staff,"Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Composition, recruitment and structure – Staff",9.0,"(Deputy) Registrars, Secretaries General, legal advisers, assistants, researchers, etc    ",1
1.5.6.3.2,Publication in an official collection,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Delivery and publication – Publication – Publication in an official collection,,,1
1.4.8.5,Opinions,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Preparation of the case for trial – Opinions,,,1
1.5.6.3.3,Private publication,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Delivery and publication – Publication – Private publication,,,1
4.4.1,Vice-President / Regent,Institutions – Head of State – Vice-President / Regent,,,1
1.1.1.2.1,Statutory independence,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Statute and organisation – Independence – Statutory independence,,,1
1.4.5.4,Annexes,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Originating document – Annexes,,,1
3.15.1,Ignorance of the law is no excuse,General Principles – Publication of laws – Ignorance of the law is no excuse,,,1
1.5.1,Deliberation,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Deliberation,,,1
4.4.5,Term of office,Institutions – Head of State – Term of office,,,1
1.4.10.2,Plea of forgery,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Interlocutory proceedings – Plea of forgery,,,1
4.12.5,Relations with the Head of State,Institutions – Ombudsman – Relations with the Head of State,,,1
1.1.3.10,Members having a particular status,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Status of the members of the court – Members having a particular status,10.0,"For example, assessors, office members.",1
1.1.3.11,Status of staff,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Status of the members of the court – Status of staff,11.0,"(Deputy) Registrars, Secretaries General, legal advisers, assistants, researchers, etc.",1
1.4.9.3.2,Legal representation other than the Bar,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Parties – Representation – Legal representation other than the Bar,,,1
1.3.4.7,Restrictive proceedings,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Restrictive proceedings,,,1
1.4.11.4,Report,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Hearing – Report,,,1
1.4.10.3,Resumption of proceedings after interruption,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Interlocutory proceedings – Resumption of proceedings after interruption,,,1
4.8.8.2.3,Distribution ratione temporis,"Institutions – Federalism, regionalism and local self-government – Distribution of powers – Implementation – Distribution ratione temporis",,,1
1.4.8.6,Reports,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Preparation of the case for trial – Reports,,,1
2.1,Categories,Sources – Categories,36.0,Only for issues concerning applicability and not simple application.,0
1.1.1.2.2,Administrative independence,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Statute and organisation – Independence – Administrative independence,,,0
4.17.1.2,European Council,Institutions – European Union – Institutional structure – European Council,,,0
2,Sources,Sources,,,0
4.12.8,Relations with auditing bodies,Institutions – Ombudsman – Relations with auditing bodies,99.0,"For example, Court of Auditors.",0
4.17.1.7,Court of Auditors,Institutions – European Union – Institutional structure – Court of Auditors,,,0
4.17.2.2,Subsidiarity,Institutions – European Union – Distribution of powers between the EU and member states – Subsidiarity,,,0
1.3.4.6.2,Other litigation,Constitutional Justice – Jurisdiction – Types of litigation – Litigation in respect of referendums and other instruments of direct – Other litigation,,,0
3,General Principles,General Principles,,  ,0
1.4.5.5,Service,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Originating document – Service,,,0
4,Institutions,Institutions,,,0
1.4.7.6,Service,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Documents lodged by the parties – Service,,,0
4.12.4,Organisation,Institutions – Ombudsman – Organisation,,,0
4.12.2.1,Term of office,Institutions – Ombudsman – Guarantees of independence – Term of office,,,0
1.4.7.5,Annexes,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Documents lodged by the parties – Annexes,,,0
1.1.3.8,Non-disciplinary suspension of functions,Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Status of the members of the court – Non-disciplinary suspension of functions,,,0
1.2.1.9,Member states of the European Union,Constitutional Justice – Types of claim – Claim by a public body – Member states of the European Union,,,0
1.1.2.8,Relative position of members,"Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Composition, recruitment and structure – Relative position of members",7.0,"Vice-presidents, presidents of chambers or of sections, etc.",0
1.1.2.9,Persons responsible for preparing cases for hearing,"Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Composition, recruitment and structure – Persons responsible for preparing cases for hearing",8.0,"For example, State Counsel, prosecutors, etc.",0
1.1.2.10.1,Functions of the Secretary General / Registrar,"Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Composition, recruitment and structure – Staff – Functions of the Secretary General / Registrar",,,0
1.1.2.10.2,Legal Advisers,"Constitutional Justice – Constitutional jurisdiction – Composition, recruitment and structure – Staff – Legal Advisers",,,0
4.2.5,Motto,Institutions – State Symbols – Motto,,,0
4.2.6,Capital city,Institutions – State Symbols – Capital city,,,0
4.12.2.3,Immunities,Institutions – Ombudsman – Guarantees of independence – Immunities,,,0
1.5.1.3,Procedure,Constitutional Justice – Decisions – Deliberation – Procedure,,,0
4.4.3.7,Mediating powers,Institutions – Head of State – Powers – Mediating powers,,,0
1.4.11.5,Opinion,Constitutional Justice – Procedure – Hearing – Opinion,,,0