Update parquet data and add Dataset Viewer configs

README.md

@@ -1,287 +1,52 @@
 ---
-license: cc-by-4.0
-language:
-  - en
-  - fr
-  - de
-  - hr
-  - ru
-  - es
-  - pl
-  - cs
-  - uk
-  - pt
-  - ro
-  - it
-  - lt
-  - sl
-  - tr
-  - mk
-  - et
-  - lv
-  - 'no'
-  - zh
-  - sk
-  - be
-  - sr
-  - sq
-  - sv
-  - hu
-  - kk
-  - ko
-  - da
-  - ky
-  - az
-  - bg
-  - ca
-  - fi
-  - el
-  - bs
-  - ar
-  - ka
-  - he
-  - mn
-  - af
-  - nl
-size_categories:
-  - 10K<n<100K
-task_categories:
-  - text-classification
-  - text-retrieval
-  - zero-shot-classification
-pretty_name: "CODICES Constitutional Case Law"
+pretty_name: CODICES Data
 tags:
-  - legal
-  - constitutional-law
-  - multi-label
-  - multilingual
-  - case-law
-  - venice-commission
+- legal
+- multilingual
+- parquet
+- tabular
 configs:
-  - config_name: with_fulltext
-    data_files:
-      - split: train
-        path: data/with_fulltext/train-*.parquet
-    default: true
-  - config_name: precis_only
-    data_files:
-      - split: train
-        path: data/precis_only/train-*.parquet
-  - config_name: full
-    data_files:
-      - split: train
-        path: data/full/train-*.parquet
-  - config_name: classification
-    data_files:
-      - split: train
-        path: data/classification/train-*.parquet
-      - split: validation
-        path: data/classification/validation-*.parquet
-      - split: test
-        path: data/classification/test-*.parquet
+- config_name: with_fulltext
+  data_files:
+  - split: train
+    path: data/with_fulltext/train-00000-of-00001.parquet
+- config_name: full
+  data_files:
+  - split: train
+    path: data/full/train-00000-of-00001.parquet
+- config_name: precis_only
+  data_files:
+  - split: train
+    path: data/precis_only/train-00000-of-00001.parquet
+- config_name: classification
+  data_files:
+  - split: train
+    path: data/classification/train-00000-of-00001.parquet
+  - split: validation
+    path: data/classification/validation-00000-of-00001.parquet
+  - split: test
+    path: data/classification/test-00000-of-00001.parquet
 ---
 
-# CODICES Constitutional Case Law Dataset (v0.1)
+# CODICES Data
 
-A multilingual, multi-label corpus of constitutional and supreme court case law
-collected from the [Venice Commission CODICES](https://codices.coe.int/) database,
-enriched with country-level legal-origin and colonial-history metadata following
-[Klerman, Mahoney, Spamann & Weinstein (2011)](https://academic.oup.com/jla/article/3/2/379/899816).
+This dataset contains CODICES case metadata, precis fields, full text where available, systematic thesaurus labels, and country-level reference fields.
 
-**12,792 cases · 120 jurisdictions · 43 fulltext languages · 807 thesaurus codes**
+## Configs
 
-## Quick Start
+- `with_fulltext`: cases with full text in at least one official language.
+- `full`: all cases, including no-fulltext and translation-only records.
+- `precis_only`: cases outside the `with_fulltext` bucket.
+- `classification`: train, validation, and test splits for classification experiments.
 
-```python
-from datasets import load_dataset
+## Legal Origin And Colonial History
 
-# Default config: cases with at least one fulltext in an official language (8,276)
-ds = load_dataset("claire891018/codices-data", split="all")
+`legal_origin`, `colonial_history`, and `klerman_2011_sample` are assigned only from `legal_origin_colonial_history_table2_total.csv`. If a country/entity is not present in that CSV, these fields are left blank.
 
-# Other configs
-ds_full       = load_dataset("claire891018/codices-data", "full",          split="all")
-ds_precis     = load_dataset("claire891018/codices-data", "precis_only",   split="all")
-ds_class      = load_dataset("claire891018/codices-data", "classification") # train/val/test
+Allowed `legal_origin` values: `French`, `Common`, `Mixed`, `German`, `Scandinavia`, `Islamic`.
 
-# Filter examples
-british_common = ds.filter(lambda x: x["legal_origin"] == "english"
-                                  and x["colonial_history"] == "british")
-spanish_civil  = ds.filter(lambda x: x["colonial_history"] == "spanish")  # ~240 LatAm cases
-klerman_only   = ds.filter(lambda x: x["klerman_2011_sample"])
-```
-
-## Configurations
-
-| Config | Records | Description |
-|---|---:|---|
-| `with_fulltext` (default) | 8,276 | Cases with fulltext in at least one official language |
-| `precis_only` | 4,516 | Cases without official-language fulltext (translation-only or no fulltext at all) |
-| `full` | 12,792 | All cases, with quality flags |
-| `classification` | 9,884 / 1,406 / 1,502 | Pre-existing train/val/test splits |
-
-> **Note on the classification split**: All 3,785 no-fulltext cases were placed in the
-> training split by the original curators. If you require fulltext for inference,
-> filter on `has_fulltext=True` before training, or build your own splits from `full`.
-
-## Data Fields
-
-### Identifiers & metadata
-
-| field | type | description |
-|---|---|---|
-| `precis_id` | string | Venice Commission internal UUID |
-| `reference_code` | string | CODICES reference code, e.g., `KOR-2016-1-003` |
-| `decision_date` | string | ISO 8601 timestamp |
-| `court` | int | CODICES internal court ID |
-| `case_title` | string | Case title (may be empty) |
-| `official_publication` | string | Citation in official gazette (may be empty) |
-| `non_official_publication` | string | Other citation |
-| `additional_info` | string | Auxiliary text (legal norms referenced, etc.) |
-| `cross_reference` | string | Citations to related case law |
-
-### Entity (jurisdiction) — denormalized from `country_reference.json`
-
-| field | type | description |
-|---|---|---|
-| `country_code` | string | CODICES 3-letter code (`ger`, `fra`, `kor`, `ecj`, …) |
-| `country_name` | string | Display name |
-| `continent` | string | Europe / Americas / Africa / Asia |
-| `entity_type` | string | `country` or `supranational` |
-| `legal_origin` | string | `english` / `french` / `german` / `scandinavian` / `socialist` / `other` (per La Porta) |
-| `colonial_history` | string | `british` / `french` / `spanish` / `portuguese` / `belgian` / `german` / `dutch` / `ottoman` / `russian` / `soviet` / `japanese` / `american` / `south_african` / `swedish` / `danish` / `not_colonized` / `other` (per Klerman 2011 framework) |
-| `klerman_2011_sample` | bool | Whether this entity appears in Klerman et al. 2011 Table 2 |
-
-### Languages
-
-| field | type | description |
-|---|---|---|
-| `precis_languages` | list[string] | Languages of the précis (typically `["eng", "fra"]` — Venice Commission summary languages) |
-| `official_languages` | list[string] | Constitutional/statutory official languages of the entity |
-| `fulltext_languages` | list[string] | Languages actually present in `fulltext` |
-
-> Language codes follow CODICES convention (non-standard 3-letter), see `reference/codices_lang_codes.json` for ISO 639-3 mapping.
-
-### Content
-
-| field | type | description |
-|---|---|---|
-| `precis` | struct | `{alphabetical_keywords, headnotes, summary}` — Venice Commission structured summary |
-| `fulltext` | list[struct] | `[{language, text}, …]` — full judgment text(s) |
-| `systematic_thesaurus` | list[struct] | `[{code, keyword_chain}, …]` — Venice Commission Systematic Thesaurus annotations |
-| `labels` | list[string] | Flat list of thesaurus codes (e.g., `["3.17", "4.9.2"]`) — for multi-label classification |
-| `label_chapters` | list[string] | Top-level chapter codes (e.g., `["3", "4"]`) — for coarse classification |
-
-### Quality flags
-
-| field | type | description |
-|---|---|---|
-| `has_fulltext` | bool | At least one fulltext language has non-empty content |
-| `fulltext_in_official_lang` | bool | Fulltext includes at least one official language |
-| `is_translation_only` | bool | Has fulltext, but only in non-official languages (translations) |
-| `data_bucket` | string | `with_fulltext` / `translation_only` / `no_fulltext` |
-
-## Data Coverage
-
-### Bucket distribution
-
-| bucket | count | % |
-|---|---:|---:|
-| `with_fulltext` (≥1 official-language fulltext) | 8,276 | 64.7% |
-| `translation_only` (only translations available) | 731 | 5.7% |
-| `no_fulltext` (metadata + précis only) | 3,785 | 29.6% |
-
-### Top jurisdictions
-
-| Jurisdiction | Cases | With fulltext |
-|---|---:|---:|
-| Germany | 762 | 645 |
-| EU Court of Justice | 604 | 449 |
-| Croatia | 512 | 396 |
-| Council of Europe / ECtHR | 508 | 317 |
-| France | 460 | 444 |
-| South Africa | 432 | 320 |
-| Belgium | 416 | 394 |
-| Poland | 404 | 350 |
-| Portugal | 374 | 259 |
-| Czech Republic | 367 | 335 |
-| Brazil | 366 | 3 (most are précis-only) |
-| Ukraine | 366 | 327 |
-
-### Known coverage gaps
-
-- **Brazil, Mexico, Hungary, Korea, Israel, Spain** publish only précis on CODICES; fulltext coverage is <35%.
-- **ECJ** judgments are officially in 24 EU languages; CODICES collected only English and French versions.
-- **South Africa** has 11 official languages, but fulltexts are nearly all in English (judgment language in practice).
-- For **Bahrain, Jordan, Armenia, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines**, only English translations are available — `is_translation_only=True`.
-
-See `reference/fulltext_lang_crosscheck.json` (forthcoming) for full cross-check details.
+Allowed `colonial_history` values: `French`, `Other French`, `British`, `Austro-Hungarian`, `Other`, `Not Colonized`.
 
 ## Reference Files
 
-The `reference/` directory contains:
-
-| file | description |
-|---|---|
-| `country_reference.json` | Per-entity metadata (120 entries): name, type, official languages, legal origin, colonial history, Klerman sample membership |
-| `codices_lang_codes.json` | CODICES language code → ISO 639-3 + English name mapping (65 codes) |
-| `systematic_thesaurus.csv` | Venice Commission Systematic Thesaurus — full label hierarchy (807 codes with footnotes) |
-| `thesaurus_stats.csv` | Frequency of each thesaurus code in this dataset |
-
-## Source
-
-- **Cases**: [Venice Commission CODICES database](https://codices.coe.int/) (accessed March 2025)
-- **Systematic Thesaurus**: Venice Commission, [Systematic Thesaurus](https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-JU(2017)015-e)
-- **Legal-origin classification**: La Porta, Lopez-de-Silanes & Shleifer (2008) "The Economic Consequences of Legal Origins" *J. Econ. Lit.*
-- **Colonial-history classification**: Klerman, Mahoney, Spamann & Weinstein (2011) "Legal Origin or Colonial History?" *Journal of Legal Analysis* 3(2)
-
-## Limitations & Caveats
-
-1. **Précis languages ≠ fulltext languages**: The original `languages` field in CODICES records the *précis* (summary) languages — almost always `eng, fra` because Venice Commission translates summaries into both. The actual judgment language is in `fulltext_languages`.
-2. **Translation availability**: Roughly 5.7% of cases have fulltext only in CODICES-provided translations (typically English), not the original judgment language. Use `is_translation_only` to filter.
-3. **Klerman 2011 sample**: 74 of 120 entities appear in the original Klerman et al. (2011) Table 2 — `klerman_2011_sample=True`. The other 46 (post-Soviet, ex-Yugoslav, micro-states, supranational) are extensions following the same framework. For strict replication, filter on this flag.
-4. **No-fulltext concentration**: 99.2% of Brazilian cases, 78.7% of Mexican, 83.6% of Hungarian, and 75.3% of Korean cases have *no* fulltext on CODICES. Filtering to `with_fulltext` substantially reduces representation of these jurisdictions.
-5. **Pre-existing classification split**: The original `train` split contains all 3,785 no-fulltext cases. This may be intentional (training on précis only) or accidental — re-split if needed.
-
-## Citation
-
-```bibtex
-@misc{codices_dataset_2026,
-  title  = {CODICES Constitutional Case Law Dataset (v0.1)},
-  author = {Claire},
-  year   = {2026},
-  url    = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/claire891018/codices-data},
-  note   = {Cases from the Venice Commission CODICES database; legal-origin and colonial-history metadata following Klerman et al. (2011).}
-}
-```
-
-When using the legal-origin or colonial-history fields, please also cite:
-
-```bibtex
-@article{klerman2011legal,
-  title   = {Legal Origin or Colonial History?},
-  author  = {Klerman, Daniel M. and Mahoney, Paul G. and Spamann, Holger and Weinstein, Mark I.},
-  journal = {Journal of Legal Analysis},
-  volume  = {3},
-  number  = {2},
-  pages   = {379--409},
-  year    = {2011},
-  doi     = {10.1093/jla/lar003}
-}
-
-@article{laporta2008economic,
-  title   = {The Economic Consequences of Legal Origins},
-  author  = {La Porta, Rafael and Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio and Shleifer, Andrei},
-  journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
-  volume  = {46},
-  number  = {2},
-  pages   = {285--332},
-  year    = {2008}
-}
-```
-
-## License
-
-The dataset is released under [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
-The underlying case law and metadata are sourced from the Council of Europe's
-Venice Commission [CODICES](https://codices.coe.int/) database; please attribute
-them as the original source of judicial materials when using this dataset.
+Reference files are kept under `reference/`. The parquet files remain under `data/` so Hugging Face can render them in the Dataset Viewer.

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legal_origin_colonial_history_table2_total.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+legal_origin,colonial_origin_group,colonizer_detail,country_as_in_table,gdp_growth_1960_2007_percent,source
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Morocco,2.93,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Italy,2.66,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Belgium,2.63,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Netherlands,2.26,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Congo,2.14,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Mauritania,2.11,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Gabon,1.63,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Mali,1.25,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Burkina Faso,1.04,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Chad,1.04,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Benin,0.96,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Cameroon,0.86,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Algeria,0.83,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Comoro Island,0.58,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Cote D'Ivoire,0.53,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Togo,0.1,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Guinea,-0.03,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Madagascar,-0.13,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Senegal,-0.22,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Haiti,-0.35,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Niger,-0.76,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former French Colony,French,Central Africa,-1.25,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Belgian,Rwanda,-0.03,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Belgian,Burundi,0.18,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Belgian,Zaire,-3.5,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Dutch,Luxemburg,3.17,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Dutch,Indonesia,3.54,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Ottoman,Greece,3.25,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Ottoman,Egypt,3.09,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Ottoman,Syria,2.06,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Portuguese,Cape Verde,2.88,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Portuguese,Brazil,2.4,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Portuguese,Mozambique,1.51,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Portuguese,Guinea-Bissau,0.56,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Russian,Romania,3.9,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Equatorial Guinea,7.08,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Panama,3.03,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Dominican Rep.,3.01,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Chile,2.48,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Mexico,1.97,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Colombia,1.94,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Costa Rica,1.76,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Ecuador,1.67,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Guatemala,1.47,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Uruguay,1.44,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Paraguay,1.31,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Peru,1.21,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Argentina,1.17,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,El Salvador,1.02,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Honduras,0.99,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Bolivia,0.59,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Venezuela,0.78,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Spanish,Nicaragua,-0.47,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,Spain,3.51,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,Portugal,3.43,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,France,2.43,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,Turkey,2.34,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,Iran,1.87,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+French Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,Ethiopia,0.63,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Hong Kong,5.24,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Singapore,5.08,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Malaysia,4.49,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Ireland,3.82,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Trinidad And Tob.,2.9,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,India,2.89,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Pakistan,2.87,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Barbados,2.56,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Australia,2.31,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Canada,2.26,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,United States,2.12,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Fiji,1.56,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,New Zealand,1.5,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Malawi,1.49,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Tanzania,1.38,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Ghana,1.36,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Bangladesh,0.86,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Uganda,0.82,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Jamaica,0.68,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Kenya,0.44,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Nigeria,0.29,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Gambia,0.11,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Former British Colony,British,Zambia,-0.19,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Other Former Colony,Australian,Papua New Guinea,1.92,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Never colonized,None,UK,2.15,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Common Law,Never colonized,None,Nepal,1.23,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Former British Colony,British,Botswana,5.67,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Former British Colony,British,Cyprus,4.28,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Former British Colony,British,Seychelles,3.48,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Former British Colony,British,Sri Lanka,3.32,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Former British Colony,British,Mauritius,3.06,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Former British Colony,British,Lesotho,2.67,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Former British Colony,British,South Africa,1.43,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Former British Colony,British,Zimbabwe,0.57,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Ottoman,Israel,2.66,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Former Colony of Other French Civil Law Country,Ottoman,Jordan,0.75,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Other Former Colony,U.S.,Puerto Rico,3.22,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Other Former Colony,U.S.,Philippines,1.66,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Other Former Colony,South African,Namibia,1.1,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Mixed Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,Thailand,4.39,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+German Legal Origin,Other Former Colony,Japanese,Taiwan,5.86,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+German Legal Origin,Other Former Colony,Japanese,"Korea, Rep.",5.19,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+German Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,China,5.14,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+German Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,Japan,3.6,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+German Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,Austria,2.73,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+German Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,Switzerland,1.58,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Scandinavian Legal Origin,Other Former Colony,Danish,Iceland,2.87,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Scandinavian Legal Origin,Other Former Colony,Swedish,Finland,2.85,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Scandinavian Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,Norway,3.05,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Scandinavian Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,Denmark,2.32,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"
+Scandinavian Legal Origin,Never colonized,None,Sweden,2.15,"Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2"

reference/country_reference.json

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 {
   "alb": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Albania",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "alg": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Algeria",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "ara",
       "fra"
@@ -25,46 +25,46 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "and": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Andorra",
-    "notes": "Micro-state, not in Klerman sample",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "cat"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "ang": {
-    "colonial_history": "portuguese",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Angola",
-    "notes": "Likely in Klerman sample but not explicitly visible in Table 2 image",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "por"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "arg": {
-    "colonial_history": "spanish",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Argentina",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "esp"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "arm": {
-    "colonial_history": "soviet",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Armenia",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -73,22 +73,22 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "aut": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "Not Colonized",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "german",
+    "legal_origin": "German",
     "name": "Austria",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "ger"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "aze": {
-    "colonial_history": "soviet",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Azerbaijan",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -97,24 +97,24 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "bar": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Common",
     "name": "Barbados",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "bel": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Belgium",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes Belgium as former French colony (Napoleonic)",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "ned",
       "fra",
@@ -123,22 +123,22 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "ben": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Benin",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "bih": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Bosnia and Herzegovina",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -149,22 +149,22 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "biz": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Belize",
-    "notes": "Not in Klerman main sample",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "eng"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "blr": {
-    "colonial_history": "soviet",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Belarus",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -174,82 +174,82 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "bol": {
-    "colonial_history": "spanish",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Bolivia",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "esp"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "bra": {
-    "colonial_history": "portuguese",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Brazil",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "por"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "brn": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Bahrain",
-    "notes": "British protectorate; not in Klerman main sample",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "ara"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "bul": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Bulgaria",
-    "notes": "Ottoman to 1878; not in Klerman Table 2 visible",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "bul"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "bur": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Burkina Faso",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "caf": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Central African Republic",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "cam": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Cambodia",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -258,12 +258,12 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "can": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Common",
     "name": "Canada",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng",
       "fra"
@@ -271,36 +271,36 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "car": {
-    "colonial_history": "other",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "other",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Caribbean Community",
-    "notes": "Includes Caribbean Court of Justice",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "eng"
     ],
     "type": "supranational"
   },
   "cgo": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Congo-Brazzaville",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "cha": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Chad",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra",
       "ara"
@@ -308,24 +308,24 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "chi": {
-    "colonial_history": "spanish",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Chile",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "esp"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "cmr": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Cameroon",
-    "notes": "Klerman: dominant colonial power per population (fn. 11)",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra",
       "eng"
@@ -333,46 +333,46 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "cod": {
-    "colonial_history": "belgian",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Congo, Democratic Republic (Kinshasa)",
-    "notes": "Klerman: 'Zaire' coded as Belgian colony",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "col": {
-    "colonial_history": "spanish",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Colombia",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "esp"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "crc": {
-    "colonial_history": "spanish",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Costa Rica",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "esp"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "cro": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Croatia",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -381,12 +381,12 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "cyp": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Mixed",
     "name": "Cyprus",
-    "notes": "Mixed legal origin in Klerman; classified as English here",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "gre",
       "tur"
@@ -394,10 +394,10 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "cze": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Czech Republic",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -406,48 +406,48 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "den": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "Not Colonized",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "scandinavian",
+    "legal_origin": "Scandinavia",
     "name": "Denmark",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "den"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "dma": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Dominica",
-    "notes": "Small Caribbean state, not in Klerman main sample",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "eng"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "dom": {
-    "colonial_history": "spanish",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Dominican Republic",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "esp"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "ech": {
-    "colonial_history": "other",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "other",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Council of Europe",
-    "notes": "Includes ECtHR; both languages have equal status",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "eng",
       "fra"
@@ -455,12 +455,12 @@
     "type": "supranational"
   },
   "ecj": {
-    "colonial_history": "other",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "other",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "European Union, Court of Justice",
-    "notes": "All 24 EU official languages; French is the deliberation language",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "eng",
       "fra",
@@ -490,36 +490,36 @@
     "type": "supranational"
   },
   "ecu": {
-    "colonial_history": "spanish",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Ecuador",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "esp"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "egy": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Egypt",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes Egypt as Ottoman colony (French civil law via Napoleonic codes)",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "ara"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "esp": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "Not Colonized",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Spain",
-    "notes": "Klerman explicitly: French occupation contested, not coded as French colony (fn. 15)",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "esp",
       "cat"
@@ -527,10 +527,10 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "est": {
-    "colonial_history": "soviet",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Estonia",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -539,24 +539,24 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "eth": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "Not Colonized",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Ethiopia",
-    "notes": "Adopted French civil code 1960; never formally colonized",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "amh"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "fin": {
-    "colonial_history": "swedish",
+    "colonial_history": "Other",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "scandinavian",
+    "legal_origin": "Scandinavia",
     "name": "Finland",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes Finland as Swedish colony",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fin",
       "swe"
@@ -564,46 +564,46 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "fra": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "Not Colonized",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "France",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "gab": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Gabon",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "gbr": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "Not Colonized",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Common",
     "name": "United Kingdom",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "geo": {
-    "colonial_history": "soviet",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Georgia",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -612,82 +612,82 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "ger": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "german",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Germany",
-    "notes": "Not visible in Klerman 2011 Table 2; coding follows La Porta",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "ger"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "gha": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Common",
     "name": "Ghana",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "gre": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Greece",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "gre"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "gua": {
-    "colonial_history": "spanish",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Guatemala",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "esp"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "guy": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Guyana",
-    "notes": "Klerman fn. 16: excluded due to no GDP data 1960-2007",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "eng"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "hai": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Haiti",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "hun": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Hungary",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -696,12 +696,12 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "iac": {
-    "colonial_history": "other",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "other",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Organisation of American States",
-    "notes": "Includes Inter-American Court of Human Rights",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "esp",
       "eng",
@@ -711,24 +711,24 @@
     "type": "supranational"
   },
   "ina": {
-    "colonial_history": "dutch",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Indonesia",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes Indonesia as Dutch colony / French civil law",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "ind"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "ind": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Common",
     "name": "India",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "hin",
       "eng"
@@ -736,12 +736,12 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "irl": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Common",
     "name": "Ireland",
-    "notes": "Independent from UK 1922",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "gle",
       "eng"
@@ -749,24 +749,24 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "isl": {
-    "colonial_history": "danish",
+    "colonial_history": "Other",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "scandinavian",
+    "legal_origin": "Scandinavia",
     "name": "Iceland",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes Iceland as Danish colony",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "ice"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "isr": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Mixed",
     "name": "Israel",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes Mandate territories as Ottoman (fn. 12)",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "heb",
       "ara"
@@ -774,46 +774,46 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "ita": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Italy",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes Italy as former French colony (Napoleonic occupation imposed Civil Code)",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "ita"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "jor": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Mixed",
     "name": "Jordan",
-    "notes": "Mixed legal origin in Klerman; Ottoman colonial (fn. 12)",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "ara"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "jpn": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "Not Colonized",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "german",
+    "legal_origin": "German",
     "name": "Japan",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "jpn"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "kaz": {
-    "colonial_history": "soviet",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Kazakhstan",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -823,10 +823,10 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "kgz": {
-    "colonial_history": "soviet",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Kyrgyzstan",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -836,22 +836,22 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "kor": {
-    "colonial_history": "japanese",
+    "colonial_history": "Other",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "german",
+    "legal_origin": "German",
     "name": "Korea, Republic",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "kor"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "kos": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Kosovo",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -861,10 +861,10 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "lat": {
-    "colonial_history": "soviet",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Latvia",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -873,12 +873,12 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "les": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Mixed",
     "name": "Lesotho",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes as Mixed legal origin",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng",
       "sot"
@@ -886,34 +886,34 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "lib": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Lebanon",
-    "notes": "Mandate territory; following Klerman framework would be Ottoman",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "ara"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "lie": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "german",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Liechtenstein",
-    "notes": "Micro-state, not in Klerman sample",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "ger"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "ltu": {
-    "colonial_history": "soviet",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Lithuania",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -922,12 +922,12 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "lux": {
-    "colonial_history": "dutch",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Luxembourg",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes Luxembourg as Dutch colony (Duke of Orange 1815-67, fn. 15)",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "lux",
       "fra",
@@ -936,24 +936,24 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "mad": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Madagascar",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "mar": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Morocco",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "ara",
       "fra"
@@ -961,22 +961,22 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "maw": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Common",
     "name": "Malawi",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "mda": {
-    "colonial_history": "soviet",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Moldova, Republic of",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -985,22 +985,22 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "mex": {
-    "colonial_history": "spanish",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Mexico",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "esp"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "mgl": {
-    "colonial_history": "soviet",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Mongolia",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -1009,10 +1009,10 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "mkd": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "North Macedonia",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -1022,22 +1022,22 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "mli": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Mali",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "mne": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Montenegro",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -1046,48 +1046,48 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "mon": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Monaco",
-    "notes": "Micro-state, not in Klerman sample",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "moz": {
-    "colonial_history": "portuguese",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Mozambique",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "por"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "mri": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "Mixed",
     "name": "Mauritius",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes as Mixed legal origin",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "mtn": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Mauritania",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "ara",
       "fra"
@@ -1095,58 +1095,58 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "nam": {
-    "colonial_history": "south_african",
+    "colonial_history": "Other",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Mixed",
     "name": "Namibia",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes Namibia under German legal origin / South African colony",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "ned": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Netherlands",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes Netherlands as former French colony (Napoleonic)",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "ned"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "nig": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Niger",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "nor": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "Not Colonized",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "scandinavian",
+    "legal_origin": "Scandinavia",
     "name": "Norway",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "nor"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "oau": {
-    "colonial_history": "other",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "other",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "African Union",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -1160,12 +1160,12 @@
     "type": "supranational"
   },
   "pak": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Common",
     "name": "Pakistan",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "urd",
       "eng"
@@ -1173,24 +1173,24 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "per": {
-    "colonial_history": "spanish",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Peru",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "esp"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "phi": {
-    "colonial_history": "american",
+    "colonial_history": "Other",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "Mixed",
     "name": "Philippines",
-    "notes": "Klerman Table 2 places Philippines under German legal origin / US colony (close call per fn. 12); we use La Porta default 'french' for legal_origin",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "tgl",
       "eng"
@@ -1198,60 +1198,60 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "ple": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Palestine",
-    "notes": "British Mandate origin; mixed legal system today; not in Klerman sample",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "ara"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "pol": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Poland",
-    "notes": "Soviet sphere 1945-89 but not USSR formal colony; coding 'not_colonized' is conservative",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "pol"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "por": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "Not Colonized",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Portugal",
-    "notes": "Same rationale as Spain (Klerman fn. 15)",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "por"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "rom": {
-    "colonial_history": "russian",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Romania",
-    "notes": "Klerman explicitly codes Romania as French civil law / Russian colony",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "rom"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "rsa": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Mixed",
     "name": "South Africa",
-    "notes": "Mixed legal origin in Klerman (Roman-Dutch + English); classified English per La Porta",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng",
       "afr",
@@ -1268,24 +1268,24 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "rus": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Russia",
-    "notes": "Was the colonizer",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "rus"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "rwa": {
-    "colonial_history": "belgian",
+    "colonial_history": "Other French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Rwanda",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng",
       "fra",
@@ -1294,24 +1294,24 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "sen": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Senegal",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "sey": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "Mixed",
     "name": "Seychelles",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes as Mixed legal origin",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng",
       "fra"
@@ -1319,10 +1319,10 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "slo": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Slovenia",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -1331,10 +1331,10 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "srb": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Serbia",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -1343,12 +1343,12 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "sui": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "Not Colonized",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "german",
+    "legal_origin": "German",
     "name": "Switzerland",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "ger",
       "fra",
@@ -1357,10 +1357,10 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "svk": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Slovakia",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -1369,22 +1369,22 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "swe": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "Not Colonized",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "scandinavian",
+    "legal_origin": "Scandinavia",
     "name": "Sweden",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "swe"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "tjk": {
-    "colonial_history": "soviet",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Tajikistan",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -1393,36 +1393,36 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "tog": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "French",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Togo",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "fra"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "tpe": {
-    "colonial_history": "japanese",
+    "colonial_history": "Other",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "german",
+    "legal_origin": "German",
     "name": "Taiwan/\"Chinese Taipei\"",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "chn"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "tun": {
-    "colonial_history": "french",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Tunisia",
-    "notes": "Standard French colony coding; not explicitly verified in Table 2 image",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "ara",
       "fra"
@@ -1430,24 +1430,24 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "tur": {
-    "colonial_history": "not_colonized",
+    "colonial_history": "Not Colonized",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "french",
+    "legal_origin": "French",
     "name": "Türkiye",
-    "notes": "Ottoman successor; adopted Swiss/Italian civil/penal codes",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "tur"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "uga": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Common",
     "name": "Uganda",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng",
       "swa"
@@ -1455,10 +1455,10 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "ukr": {
-    "colonial_history": "soviet",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Europe",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "socialist",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Ukraine",
     "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
@@ -1467,48 +1467,48 @@
     "type": "country"
   },
   "usa": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Americas",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Common",
     "name": "United States of America",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "yem": {
-    "colonial_history": "ottoman",
+    "colonial_history": "",
     "continent": "Asia",
     "klerman_2011_sample": false,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "",
     "name": "Yemen",
-    "notes": "Klerman fn. 10: coded as Islamic Law; excluded due to no GDP data",
+    "notes": null,
     "official_languages": [
       "ara"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "zam": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Common",
     "name": "Zambia",
-    "notes": null,
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng"
     ],
     "type": "country"
   },
   "zim": {
-    "colonial_history": "british",
+    "colonial_history": "British",
     "continent": "Africa",
     "klerman_2011_sample": true,
-    "legal_origin": "english",
+    "legal_origin": "Mixed",
     "name": "Zimbabwe",
-    "notes": "Klerman codes as Mixed legal origin / former British colony",
+    "notes": "Klerman et al., Legal Origin or Colonial History?, Table 2",
     "official_languages": [
       "eng"
     ],